Tx grammar e by RALLY! Education

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

ISBN 978-1-4204-6813-7 R 6813-7 Copyright ©2014 RALLY! EDUCATION. All rights reserved. RALLY! Education, LLC hereby grants purchaser a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited license to use this document, in whole or in part, for the sole and exclusive purpose of using said content in the school classroom. Furthermore, use of this license is strictly limited to employees, students teachers, administrators and/or other educators affiliated with purchaser and, as such, is to be used solely within the scope of said affiliation. 0911 RALLY! EDUCATION 22 Railroad Avenue Glen Head, NY 11545 (888) 99-RALLY www.RALLYEDUCATION.com © RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL E

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End most sentences with a period. For example:

The school day will start late because it is still snowing. Many fifth graders earn an allowance for helping around the house.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure. For example:

Ms.

Mr.

Feb.

Tues. a.m. p.m. tsp.

oz.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Have you written tonight’s homework in your notebook? Can you tell me what time it is?

Exclamation Points Some sentences show strong feelings or surprise. End these sentences with an exclamation point. For example:

That horror movie was too scary for my little sister! Wow, I didn’t know Miguel was having a party!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

wonderful!

1. That’s wonderful. 2. What is your favorite website? 3. All my classmates want to take a field trip to the city? 4. Gayle’s father, Mr Feldman, drove us on the field trip. 5. I added a tsp of sugar to the recipe. 6. Will you be able to help me shop for a new suit? 7. Wow, that was a really hard test. 8. Did she arrive at 8 pm like she promised? 9. Angelina saw the movie on Feb 10, 2005. 10. The teacher explained the math problem, but I still do not understand?

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow words that are exclamations with a comma. You can add a word to the beginning of a sentence to show a feeling, like surprise. These words are often called an exclamation. For example:

Wow, I was really tired! Yes, I would like to go shopping.

Separate phrases with a comma. Writers sometimes add a group of words before the sentence to make their writing more interesting. These words are known as phrases. For example:

During the storm, we stayed in the car. Before the test, we cleaned our desks and sharpened our pencils.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing. For example:

The mayor, Mr. Herman, visited our school. In our city, Chicago, we have one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking. For example:

“I asked you to mop the floor,” Dad said. Elizabeth asked, “Where is the pencil sharpener?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Wow, that test was tough! OK 2. Our village Mount Rose has very nice parks. 3. Kevin said “I already studied my notes.” 4. Please, let’s have some quiet now. 5. The school tennis coach Mrs. Lenner played a game that was shown on television.

6. After summer we will return to school. 7. Yikes that was a bear! 8. During the play I was thinking about my friend. 9. Wait don’t forget your homework! 10. “My favorite author is J.K. Rowling” Mark said.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II End the greeting and closing of a letter with a comma. For example:

Dear Uncle Carlos, Please visit us soon. We miss you! Love, Rebecca

Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

February 12, 1999

Use a comma to separate cities from states. For example:

Dallas, Texas

Use a comma to separate cities from countries. For example:

London, England

If there are three or more words in a series, separate each word with a comma. For example:

My brother can drive, walk, or bike to work.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives used in a row. Adjectives are words that are used to describe nouns. For example:

The street fair was a colorful, crowded place.

Use a comma and a connecting word to put two sentences together. These sentences are known as compound sentences. You must follow the first sentence with the comma and the connecting word. For example:

I wanted to feed the cat, but I could not find her.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL E

Athens,

1. We are going to take a vacation in Athens Greece. 2. During the summer, my favorite fruits are cherries, blueberries, and melons.

3. My teacher is planning a long hard test for us. 4. I will study for the test, but I also want to finish reading my new exciting book.

5. Scott Julio and Janice went to the library to study. 6. The small old map included every state. 7. The play is scheduled to start on May 1 2006. 8. When did you live in Nome Alaska? 9. Some people have no children and some have more than one. 10. We can choose from three movies: a drama, a musical, and a comedy.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to form a contraction. A contraction is formed when you put two words together. The contraction takes the place of the missing letters. For example:

has not = hasn’t The apostrophe takes the place of the missing “o.” he will = he’ll The apostrophe takes the place of the missing “w” and “i.”

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. Possessive nouns show ownership of a person, place, or thing. For example:

The piano belongs to Marcie. Marcie’s piano is large and brown. The book belongs to Randy. The teacher told me to borrow Randy’s book.

To show that more than one person owns something, put the apostrophe after the letter “s.” For example:

Her sisters’ names were Sherri, Terri, and Mary. The stores’ hours are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Quotation Marks Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence with a quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark. For example:

Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the question mark is part of the quoted matter. For example:

Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”? Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rally begin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the exclamation point is part of the quoted matter. For example:

I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”! “But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems. For example:

We sing the “The Star-Spangled Banner” each morning at school. “Starry, Starry Night“ is just one of the many paintings in the museum. I read “Seven Ways to Get a Good Night’s Sleep” in the newspaper. “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” is his favorite poem.

Hyphens Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers greater than 20. For example:

1 ᎏᎏ = one-half 2 33 = thirty-three 174 = one hundred seventy-four

Colons When writing the time, use a colon to separate the hour from the minutes. For example:

School usually starts at 7:30 a.m., but it will start at 11:50 a.m. today.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Trence said, “I don’t want to go to the movies.” OK 2. “But I do”! Jack said. 3. Theyll have to compromise. 4. Debbie realized she only had onehalf of the ingredients she needed to bake a cake.

5. She decided to go for a walk today at 1015 a.m. 6. The teacher asked everyone to read the article called How to Study.

7. The Japanese students name was beautiful. 8. Is The Itsy-Bitsy Spider a song or a poem? 9. They’re going to the museum to study the painting. 10. Her aunts names are Linda, Lillian, and Lucy.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Subject-Verb Agreement When you use a singular subject, use the singular form of the verb that goes with it. To make the verb singular, you will usually add an “s” to the end of it. For example:

Elizabeth plays the game well.

When you use two or more subjects, use the plural form of the verb that goes with them. To do that, you will usually omit an “s” from the end of the verb. For example:

The girls play the game well. Elizabeth and Amy play the game well.

Note that the word “you” is an exception to this rule. “You” can be singular or plural, but always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You play the game well, too.

Some verbs, such as “am,” “has,” and “was,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am a good student. They are good students. He has good grades. They have good grades. She was the top student. They were the top students.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL E

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence uses correct grammar, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Sara and Sandra has gone to Brazil for vacation.

have

2. They was not happy about it! 3. You swims in the pool during the summer, not the winter. 4. The basketball players are in the gym. 5. I am a good singer. 6. He tell a good joke. 7. Juanita run a mile everyday. 8. Sheila and Sonya cuts their hair every Saturday. 9. You should sleeps for 8 hours a night. 10. We hope to be let out of school early today.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense If you are writing about an event that is happening now, use the present tense of the verb. For example:

My little sister plays with her dolls.

If you are writing about an event that has already happened, use the past tense of the verb. To make most verbs past tense, add “ed” to the end of the verb. For example:

My little sister played with her dolls yesterday.

When using some verbs in the past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed.” For example:

Now they stop by only once a week, but last month they stopped by every day.

Note that some verbs are irregular and change form completely to make the past tense. For example:

Today I can take just a hat, but yesterday I took an umbrella. I think I need only a hat today, but yesterday I thought I needed an umbrella.

To, Too and Two Use the correct form of the word “to.” “To” shows movement toward someone or something. “Too” means also. “Two” is the number 2. For example:

Let’s go to the ballgame today. Are you coming too? My bike has two wheels.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL E

saved

2. Last month, Tim stop the newspaper delivery. 3. I will go too the mall this afternoon. 4. She pop her tooth right out of her mouth! 5. I called and ordered a pizza. 6. The two of us will have a good time at the museum. 7. The rabbit hop out from under the house. 8. The bird fly over our garden and landed on a tree. 9. My dog runs faster than my brother. 10. Sara cook dinner for me on my birthday.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Jack can jump higher than Jill.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Jill is more interested in sports than Jack.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

That’s the smallest size they have!

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

That coat is the most expensive coat in the store.

Pronouns A pronoun takes the place of a noun (a person, place, or thing). If the original noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular. If the original noun is plural, the pronoun must be plural. For example:

Anjani is my friend, and she was born in India. Gaspar and Tom are my best friends, and they live on my block.

Use the correct form of the pronoun “it.” “Its” is the possessive form of “it.” “It’s” is the contraction of “it is.” For example:

It’s going to be a long day. Its hair is short and brown.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E Their, There and They’re Use the correct form of the word “their.” “Their” is a possessive pronoun. “There” is a place. “They’re” is the contraction of “they are.” For example:

Their coats and jackets are hanging on the wall. Let’s move over there. They’re going to meet us at the movies.

larger

2. The young horse is more strong than the old one. 3. Her ideas are the most outrageous ones in the class. 4. Steve can exercise longer than Andrew. 5. His aunt was the youngest woman in the room that night. 6. It’s going to take us four hours to get to Boston. 7. Her computer was fast than his laptop. 8. That clock has the loudest alarm I’ve ever heard. 9. He was the smarter student the teacher had even known. 10. Loretta and Michelle are sisters, and she share a room. © RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first word of a sentence. For example:

Did you complete your homework assignment? Come over tonight and play basketball!

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation). Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Kathy, I’m very eager to plan our next vacation to Pittsburgh. As we discussed, we’ll travel by bus and stay for at least four days. We can arrange a sightseeing tour and other activities. Let’s get together soon. Sincerely, Yolanda

Capitalize days of the week and months. For example:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

January February March April May June July August September October November December

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. where

Where

is my friend?

2. his troubles were just beginning. 3. The shoe store was very crowded on saturday. 4. In December, the park is always empty. 5. my house is very far away. 6. Jenny’s favorite day of the week is Thursday. 7. During october, we rake leaves. 8. playing the piano is a lot of fun. 9. I am going to Aunt Sara’s house on sunday. 10. Our little brother was sleeping.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people. For example:

Howard Blankmen Tina Santos Sidhar Jamal

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Linda and I surfed the Internet. I searched the Web for the article.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. Mr. Sr.

a woman a man senior

Mrs. a married woman Jr. junior Dr. a doctor

Capitalize a person’s initials. For example:

Mr. N. Brunn Mrs. J. Kissall Ms. L.R. Titus

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

I played chess with Dad. We went to the store with Grandpa and Grandma. “Did I get any letters?” asked Uncle Paul.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“Who wants some strawberries?” Daisy asked. “Don’t forget your glasses,” Tim said.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Aunt

2. Mom had lunch with Mrs. b.f. Barnett last week. 3. Dr. Bernard said, “everything will be fine.” 4. Dan’s father, Dan sr., took him to a basketball game. 5. Mr. Gonzalez asked me if i wanted to play baseball. 6. My teacher’s name is ms. Cortez. 7. The letter was addressed to Anne james. 8. “do you want to go for a walk?” I asked. 9. This weekend I will go to Antonio’s party. 10. Maria asked dad for more spaghetti.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, and songs. For example:

Books: Harry Potter Movies: Star Wars Magazines: Time for Kids Poems: “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” Stories: “The Three Little Pigs” Television shows: American Idol Songs: “The Star-Spangled Banner”

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups. For example:

Boy Scouts of America American Cancer Society City Girls’ Choir

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Sesame Street

2. Ask Mom if she ever read the book called little women. 3. We made a donation to the Veterans of Foreign Wars. 4. Did you enjoy reading the book The Cat Who Went to College? 5. Pauline recited a funny poem called “the purple cow.” 6. When you come upstairs, please bring me a copy of Sports Illustrated.

7. We raised money for the group habitat for humanity. 8. At the assembly, we sang my favorite song, “It’s a Small World After All.”

9. I bring the magazine boys’ life on long car rides. 10. When we studied the Civil War, we watched a movie called gone with the wind.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL E

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Some examples of proper nouns are specific street names, cities, states, countries, continents, oceans, lakes, rivers, mountains, groups of people, languages, historic events and time periods, holidays, buildings, bridges, and spacecraft. For example:

Specific street names: Balmoral Avenue Cities: Glen Cove States: Texas Countries: United States Continents: South America Rivers: Mississippi River Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Groups of people: Americans Languages: Chinese Holidays: Thanksgiving Buildings: Empire State Building Bridges: George Washington Bridge Spacecraft: Challenger Historic events and time periods: World War I , The Great Depression

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL E

Mount McKinley

2. labor day is the last holiday of the summer. 3. I would like to go to Brazil. 4. The california gold rush was a fascinating period in history.

5. The president lives in the white house. 6. You don’t have to be Italian to love spaghetti. 7. They both spoke spanish, but they spoke different dialects. 8. Let’s go sailing on bay lake. 9. The golden gate bridge is beautiful. 10. I would like to go skiing in denver, Colorado.

ISBN 978-1-4204-6813-7