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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End sentences that give information or a command with a period. For example:

Basketball practice will begin immediately after school. Clean your room.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure. For example:

Ms.

Mr.

Feb.

Tues. a.m.

p.m.

tsp.

oz.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Have you completed the assignment? Did you calculate the cost for the school trip?

Exclamation Points End a sentence that expresses strong feeling or surprise with an exclamation point. For example:

That’s one of the best CD collections I’ve seen! Yes, today is the deadline for handing in the term paper!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Which hat should I wear!

2. Do we have enough time to play one more game. 3. Lester walked to the store to buy some groceries. 4. Look out, there is broken glass on the floor. 5. How cold do you think it will get outside during the winter. 6. Hurray, our team just won the football championship. 7. Mrs. Gonzalez, was late for her 3 pm dentist appointment. 8. Wow, that wave is really big! 9. What do you think we should do if it begins to rain during the picnic.

10. The students raised money to buy more books for the school library.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow exclamatory words at the beginning of a sentence with a comma. (Exclamatory words are used to show a feeling, like surprise.) For example:

Wow, it’s great to see you again after all this time! Yes, I agree.

Use a comma after introductory phrases. For example:

After the hurricane, the football game was cancelled. Before boarding, Sheila made sure she had her ticket.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. For example:

The candidate, Mr. Jackson, petitioned the state for a recount. That house, the white one with the red trim, is too expensive.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking. For example:

“This computer program is too complicated for me,” Jack said. Maria answered, “Don’t give up on it just yet.”

Use a comma before and after a word or words that interrupt the main idea of a sentence. For example:

The easiest way to learn the game, however, is to play it. Katie and Jay, meanwhile, will take the baby for a ride in his stroller.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

2. “It’s time for dinner,” Mrs. Reynolds declared. 3. After you sweep the kitchen floor you must vacuum the carpet in the living room.

4. Hurry up the movie is about to begin. 5. The team however lost the basketball game. 6. Please slow down and be more careful. 7. Maria’s brother Dimitri loves to read about Greek mythology. 8. He walked over to his desk, as instructed, and sat down. 9. The cute puppy the one with the shaggy fur was very playful. 10. “I am too tired to play another game” Samuel stated.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

July 4, 1776

August 29, 1974

Use a comma to separate cities from states and cities from countries. For example:

Ithaca, New York

Paris, France

Separate each word in a series of three or more words with a comma. For example:

The U.S. Postal Service delivers the mail in snow, sleet, and rain. I bought raspberries, peaches, and avocadoes.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives. For example:

Present your arguments in a confident, firm manner. Oscar is a mean, troublesome cat.

Use a comma and a connecting word to combine two simple sentences and form a compound sentence. For example:

The cheerleading squad voted to eliminate the dance, but the coaches said it was the school’s favorite routine. I thought we should try another route, and Mom agreed.

Use a comma after the greeting and closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Dr. Kaplan, Enclosed are my chest x-rays from City Radiology. Sincerely, Armena Shandra

Use commas to set off the name of the person you are addressing. For example:

You must treat my condition, Dr. Kaplan, before it prevents me from returning to work. Don’t watch TV, Tanya, before you finish your homework.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Miami, Florida

1. The Reyes family traveled to Miami Florida for their vacation. 2. Before you go outside Marcus please put on your jacket. 3. Tara’s younger sister loves to hop skip and jump. 4. I wanted to buy a ticket to the concert but I did not have enough money.

5. Neil Armstrong and “Buzz” Aldrin landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.

6. Mr. and Mrs. O’Brien were married on September 21 1996. 7. Mario’s grandmother lives in Rome Italy. 8. The main character in the novel was an angry young boy. 9. The car manufacturer built a new factory in Tokyo Japan. 10. Petra thought that the movie was too long and her friends agreed.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letters in a contraction. For example:

is not = isn’t

cannot = can’t

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. For example:

Juan’s cell phone needed to be charged. Michaela’s backpack is purple.

Put the apostrophe after the letter “s” to indicate plural possession. For example:

Her friends’ names were Alfred, Sonia, and Jimmy. Both cars’ batteries were dead.

Quotation Marks Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence with a quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark. For example:

Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."

Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the question mark is part of the quoted matter. For example:

Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”? Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rally begin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the exclamation point is part of the quoted matter. For example:

I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”! “But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems. For example:

“Wind Behind My Wings” was a popular wedding song. My favorite painting is “Starry Night.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Use quotation marks around a word or words being discussed. For example:

The word “parallel” is difficult to spell. The teacher asked Tim what he meant when he called the book “unusual.”

Use quotation marks around slang words, nicknames, or words used in an unusual way. For example:

My little sister calls mice “squeakers” because of the noise they make. Famous baseball player Babe Ruth was often called the “Sultan of Swat.”

can’t

1. The animals at the zoo cant survive in the wild. 2. The teams owner wants to build a new stadium next year. 3. Two neighbors owned pet dogs, but the neighbors dogs did not get along well.

4. My mother asked, What time do you need to be at school? 5. The Road Not Taken is a famous poem by Robert Frost. 6. Carlos always remembers to say “please” and “thank you.” 7. We’re ready to go to Lisa’s house for a birthday party. 8. It isnt too late to change your mind. 9. My favorite song is Let It Be by the Beatles. 10. Ben Franklin once said, Where liberty dwells, there is my country.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Hyphens Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers between 20 and 100. 1 For example: ᎏᎏ = one-half 2 33 = thirty-three 156 = one hundred fifty-six Use a hyphen to join two words that work together to make an adjective before a noun. For example:

Use blue-black ink to sign this form. The applicant requested on-the-job training.

Colons Use a colon to introduce a list in a sentence. For example:

Please register for these teams: swimming, basketball, tennis, and hockey. I have visited the following states: Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.

Semicolons Use a semicolon to join two simple sentences without a connecting word. For example:

She volunteered to work at the community center; she was asked to order books for the center’s new library. I asked John for a pencil; he handed me a marker instead.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Seventy-five

playing sports.

2. Students were asked to bring the following items to class; pencils, crayons, scissors, and glue.

3. I like to play hockey: I think it takes a lot of talent and skill. 4. Sheng Li invited twenty three people to his graduation party. 5. Tasha has a one-of-a-kind stamp in her collection that is very valuable.

6. I asked my father for something to drink; he poured me a glass of water.

7. Exactly one half of the students in the school are girls. 8. During their vacation, the Perez family went to Texas, Arizona, and Colorado.

9. The principal declared next Friday to be team spirit day. 10. My mother enjoys watching black-and-white movies that were made a long time ago.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Plurals Add an “s” to the end of most nouns to make them plural. For example:

Mindy’s cat just had three kittens. Please carry in all the folding chairs.

If a noun ends in “s,” “sh,” “ch,” or “x,” add “es” to make it plural. For example:

Our neighborhood has several churches. I asked the clerk to save me leftover boxes.

If a noun ends in a consonant plus “y,” change the “y” to an “i” and add “es” to form the plural. For example:

Is that a fly buzzing around? Actually, there are two flies. Our house has two pantries, not just one pantry.

Subject-Verb Agreement Use the singular form of a verb with a singular subject. Most singular verbs are formed by adding “s.” For example:

The photographer loves her digital camera. Bryce likes to eat barbecue.

Use the plural form of a verb with a plural subject. Most plural verbs do not require adding an “s.” For example:

The teachers plan carefully for the new curriculum. Those two horses trot side by side.

Note: The word “you” is an exception to this rule. Although the pronoun “you” can refer to a singular subject, always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You concentrate on your homework while he cooks dinner. Tessa plays the piano while you sing along.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Some irregular verbs, such as “to be” and “to have,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am grateful that the concert exceeded my expectations. We were nervous about the flight. He has every right to be angry, but they have no choice.

Use a plural verb with two or more subjects joined by “and.” For example:

Flowers, trees, and vines grow quickly in that climate. Maria and Javier play baseball in the yard.

Note: When the subjects are joined by “or,” however, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

A minister or the counselors are eligible to preside at the meeting. The Smiths or Mr. Strassheim plays the guitar at the coffee shop every night.

When you use neither … nor and either … or to join your subjects: • use a singular verb if the subject is created with singular words. For example:

Neither Abdul nor Carol is interested in the roller coaster. Either Pat or Danny travels to Maine each summer.

• use a plural verb if the subject is created with plural words. For example:

Neither motorcycles nor bicycles drive on that bridge. Either toys or games belong in this storage carton.

Note: When the subject is created with both singular and plural words, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

Neither the dog nor the cats smell the offensive odor Either the cats or the dog smells the offensive odor.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Theo and Malory checks each other’s answers when they do

check

their homework.

2. The pilots needs several hours of special training before they can fly the new planes.

3. My mother sewed two patchs on my jacket. 4. The teachers require all students to come prepared to class every day.

5. Both apples and oranges is very healthy to eat. 6. Mia saw two foxes run in the forest last night. 7. They has already finished eating dinner and dessert. 8. Miss Jennings asks for help moving the boxes into the closet. 9. You was mistaken when you said that Babe Ruth holds the singleseason homerun record.

10. The school band performed concerts in three different citys.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense, Part I When you write about the present, use the present tense of a verb. With “I,” “you,” “we,” and “they,” do not add an “s” to the end of most verbs. With “he,” “she,” or “it,” add an “s” to the end of most verbs. For example:

I place the coffee mug on the table. Sara places the coffee mug on the table.

When you write about the past, use the past tense of a verb. To transform most verbs into the past tense, add “ed” to the end of them. For example:

The government’s role expanded last year. Mike unlocked the door to his house.

To transform some verbs from present tense to past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed” if the last letter follows a vowel. For example:

Did it stop? Yes, it stopped. Adam wanted to pop some popcorn. After five minutes, all of it had popped.

Note: Many verbs are irregular in the past tense. Some examples are: Present

Past

Present

Past

are

were

tell

told

was

leave

left

get

got

catch

caught

bleed

bled

tear

tore

take

took

shoot

shot

think

thought

light

lit

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Confusing Words: To, Too, Two To create the infinitive form of a verb, use “to” with the verb. For example:

I love to ski. Uncle Bill likes to cook.

To show direction or movement, use “to” as a preposition. For example:

She anticipated going to the lecture with her mentor. Nadine will drive to the store.

Use the adverb “too” to mean “also” or “excessive.” For example:

After he repaired the exhaust, he complained about the engine noise, too. Although he studied for the test, he said it was too difficult.

To write out the numeral 2, use the word “two.” For example:

Why were two lawyers representing the same client? There are too many people competing for two positions on the team.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Yesterday, Geraldo buys new sneakers for playing tennis.

bought

2. The two small children pretended to be brave superheroes. 3. The weatherman said it was going to be cloudy; he stated that it might rain, to.

4. This morning, Pam takes a long time getting ready for school. 5. After the janitor moped the floor, it was sparkling clean. 6. Kevin was too tired to run around the track two more times. 7. The hallway too the classroom was long and very dark. 8. Damon and Shaniqua did what they were telled to do by their father.

9. I caught the football and ran for thirty-five yards before being tackled.

10. The cut bleeded badly until Oscar wrapped it tightly with a bandage.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Shandra can hold her breath longer than Michael. Laurie is stronger than Barbara.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Mei is more fascinated by environmental issues than Germaine. I think waterfalls are more beautiful than rivers.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Select the pipe with the largest diameter. Out of the entire class, Cassandra’s grade point average was the highest.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

She enjoys discussing the most controversial subjects. That’s the most outstanding mural I’ve ever seen.

Adjective or Adverb? Use an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun. For example:

During the school play, the students’ behavior was poor. After his accident, he was careful about how he walked.

Use an adverb to describe a verb. To form many adverbs, add “ly” to the end of an adjective. For example:

The students behaved poorly during the school play. After his accident, my uncle walked carefully to avoid falling.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. The people ran quick to get out of the house that was on fire.

quickly

2. Paolo was very quietly during the movie. 3. Brianna ran fast than the other girls on the track team. 4. That was one of the most interesting books I have ever read. 5. Mr. Ming waited patient to see the doctor. 6. Jupiter is the more bigger planet in our solar system. 7. Deshawn wisely put on sunblock when he was at the beach. 8. Celia is the telentedest singer that I know. 9. When the team scored, the crowd cheered loud. 10. Timo was most educated than his younger brother.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement Use a pronoun to take the place of a noun (also called the pronoun’s antecedent). Pronouns must agree in gender, person, and number with antecedents. Use a singular pronoun with a singular antecedent. Note: if an antecedent is singular, but its gender is not specified, use the phrase “he or she” as the pronoun. For example:

The clown is dressed in stripes, and he makes me laugh. Before anyone expresses an opinion, he or she must research the subject.

Use a plural pronoun with a plural antecedent. For example:

The clowns marched in the parade, and they opened the show. Lisa and Tracy wanted some ice cream, so they went to the kitchen.

Use a possessive pronoun with a possessive antecedent. For example:

Susan’s Honda crashed; her car will never be the same. The employees’ complaints were varied; their concerns were noted by the boss.

Troubling Pronouns: It, They Use “it” as a singular pronoun. For example:

The company released the stockholders’ report, and it contained good news. I don’t want to spoil the TV show by telling you too much about it.

Use “its” as a singular possessive pronoun. For example:

The company released the report, and its results were disputed. I can’t turn on the TV, because its screen is broken.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Use “it’s” as a contraction taking the place of the phrase “it is.” For example:

It’s the only chance she had to voice her opinion. Are we going to the beach? It’s not likely.

Use “they” as a plural pronoun. For example:

The athletes trained every day because they were determined to win. Mom and Dad like to go to Chicago so they can eat deep-dish pizza.

Use “their” as a plural possessive pronoun. For example:

The athletes won first place, but their victory was contested. Marcia and Dan decided to sell their car.

Use “they’re” as a contraction to take the place of “they are.” For example:

They’re still upset about the change in plans. Our neighbors aren’t going to the movie; they’re going to the theater instead.

Use “there” to indicate location or to introduce a clause or sentence. For example:

Didn’t you see him point over there? There are rules governing behavior in the courtroom.

Verb Tense, Part II Use the present tense of a verb to show action in the present. Use the present progressive tense of the verb to show ongoing action. To form the progressive tense, add “ing” to the verb and precede it with the correct form of the verb “to be” (“am,” “are,” or “is”). For example:

I write what I believe to be true. I am writing what I believe to be true. He is writing what he believes to be true.

Use the subjective tense to show the subject’s ability to complete the action, attitude towards completing the action, obligation to complete the action, or intention to complete the action. For example:

I I I I

can finish the assignment by Thursday. could finish the assignment by Thursday. would finish the assignment by Thursday. should finish the assignment by Thursday.

[ability] [attitude] [intention] [obligation]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

It’s

2. Moesha would like to go camping with her friends. 3. The teachers at the school should take there students on a field trip to the museum.

4. He am writing an essay about the benefits of solar energy. 5. Their is not much time left for Duane to finish his assignment. 6. I would like to know where their going. 7. Mary went to the store, and he bought a gift for her mother. 8. Tyler was very tired, so they went to bed early. 9. The oak tree behind the house looked beautiful when it’s leaves changed colors.

10. After school, they is going to the soccer game to support their team.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Complete Sentences When writing a complete sentence make sure that it includes at least one subject and one verb, expresses a complete thought, and is able to stand on its own. For example:

Lucy told a story. Lucy and Ed hiked and biked on Saturday.

A sentence fragment is missing either a subject or a verb; it does not express a complete idea and cannot stand on its own. For example:

Because Pete told a story. Such as books and newspapers.

Correct run-on sentences. A run-on sentence is usually produced by a comma splice. A comma splice occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses, but the coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor) is left out. To avoid comma splices, use a coordinating conjunction with the comma to join two independent clauses. You can also correct a comma splice by breaking the independent clauses into two sentences or by substituting a semicolon for the comma. For example:

Susan Susan Susan Susan

told told told told

a a a a

story, she made everyone laugh. story, and she made everyone laugh. story. She made everyone laugh. story; she made everyone laugh.

[incorrect] [correct] [correct] [correct]

Double Negatives Use only one negative word (no, none, not, never, won’t, hardly, barely, un-, neither…nor) in a sentence to express a negative idea. For example:

We can’t hardly wait to see the movie again. We can hardly wait to see the movie again.

[incorrect] [correct]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

any

2. We are not never going to travel by train again. 3. Walk to the store with me, I need to buy some vegetables to make a salad.

4. Please do not put any of your toys in my closet. 5. It is getting dark outside, I need to go home. 6. Marc did not invite no one from his class to the party. 7. My mother took us to the ballgame, and she bought everyone a hot dog.

8. They won’t never make the same mistake again. 9. Katie couldn’t do nothing to fix the broken vase. 10. Even if it rains. There will still be a parade.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Begin a sentence with a capital letter. For example:

How much money did you raise for the walk-a-thon? The students voted to participate in the fair.

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation). Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Mayor Smith, Our school club, Students for the Environment, is conducting an event on Saturday, March 12. We would be honored if you could attend. The event will help raise money to clean up an empty lot in the neighborhood and create a playground with a fountain. If you could arrive at 10 a.m. and speak for a few minutes, you will be helping us call attention to this project. Please let us know if you are available. Sincerely, Michael Dublin

Capitalize days of the week, months, and holidays. For example:

Monday January Labor Day

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. when will you be finished doing your homework?

When

2. Next Monday, I will go to my cousin’s house with my sister. 3. My family went to see a parade on memorial day. 4. Many people like to take vacations in the month of july. 5. one-third of the apples in the basket are green. 6. Miss Diaz gives her class a spelling test every Friday. 7. why do you think owls have such big eyes? 8. There were hundreds of people in the store shopping for christmas presents.

9. you are going to miss the bus if you do not hurry. 10. We saw amazing fireworks at the Fourth of July celebration.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people and their initials. For example:

Lance Amstrong Theresa Morelas Ms. L. R. Alverez

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Lisa and I are saving our money to buy Broadway tickets. I wrote a 500-word essay for extra credit.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. Mr. Sr.

a woman a man senior

Mrs. Jr. Dr.

a married woman junior a doctor

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

I played golf with Aunt Jill. “Did I get any e-mail today?” Dad asks every night.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“When does Christmas vacation start?” Darrell asked his teacher on the first day of school. His teacher replied, “Isn’t it a little early to ask about that?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Uncle

2. My favorite author is j.k. Rowling. 3. The police officer said, “everyone please remain calm.” 4. Martin Luther King, jr., is remembered as one of America’s greatest heroes.

5. I saw mr. Jones at the county fair last Thursday. 6. Mom and dad asked us to come outside quickly. 7. We could hardly wait for grandma Betty to arrive. 8. “What time is it?” i asked. 9. Madison and I went to the lake to go fishing. 10. After reading the book by Edgar Allan Poe, i was too frightened to fall asleep.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, songs, and newspapers. For example:

Books: Little Women Movies: Men In Black Magazines: Newsweek Poems: “The Midnight Ride Of Paul Revere” Stories: “The Three Little Pigs” Television shows: The Apprentice Songs: “Yankee Doodle Dandy” Newspapers: The New York Times

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups. For example:

Boy Scouts American Cancer Society City Girls’ Choir

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Star Wars

2. Madeline just finished reading to kill a mockingbird in her literature class.

3. I donated some of the money that I saved to the wounded warrior project.

4. The first book that I ever read was The Very Hungry Caterpillar. 5. My cousin and I just joined the boy scouts of America. 6. Carlos asked me if I had the latest issue of guitar player magazine. 7. We stayed up late to watch the last episode of modern marvels. 8. My father reads the wall street journal on his way to work. 9. “The rime of the ancient mariner” is a very long poem. 10. Toy story is a great movie for children and adults.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Some examples of proper nouns are names of streets, buildings, bridges, cities, countries, groups of people, historic events, geographic features, languages, monuments and public spaces, states, streets, spacecraft, and time periods. For example:

Specific street names: Lexington Avenue Bridges: George Washington Bridge Buildings: Empire State Building Cities: Chicago Countries: United States Groups of people: Americans Historic events and time periods: World War I , Great Depression Geographic features: Great Plains Continents: North America Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Languages: Chinese Monuments: Lincoln Memorial Public spaces: Rockefeller Center Spacecraft: Challenger States: Texas

ÂŠ RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Atlantic Ocean

to America.

2. When I went to Philadelphia last year, I saw the liberty bell. 3. One of the earliest american colonies was established in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

4. Soon after the civil war ended, slavery was abolished in the United States.

5. One of the coldest places on Earth is the continent of antarctica. 6. The Italian restaurant that we always go to makes the greatest pizza.

7. The titanic sunk in the ocean when it collided with a giant iceberg.

8. During our vacation, we went to Grand Canyon National Park. 9. We had to drive across the triborough bridge to get to Manhattan. 10.

The nile river, which is in Africa, is over 4,000 miles long.

ÂŠ RALLY! EDUCATION

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