Loksangharsh patrika special issue feburary 2016 by Randhir Singh Suman

fczfVª'k dkyhu Hkkjr esa jktk&egjktk tehunkj yxku olwyus ds fy, o fdlkuksa dks csbTtr djus ds fy, efgykvksa dks idM+dj Lruksa ls nw/k fudky fy;k djrs Fks rc Hkh fdlku grk'k vkSj fujk'k ugha gqvk vkSj mlus xkSjoe;h la?k"kZ ls ml O;oLFkk dk uk'k fd;k] ml le; fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k,¡ ugha dh Fkha ysfdu vkt tc dfFkr yksdrkaf=d lektoknh izLrkouk ;qDr lafo/kku gS rks ns'k ds vUnj yk[kksa fdlku izfro"kZ vkRegR;k djus ds fy, etcwj gSa] fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;kvksa dh nj orZeku ljdkj ds vkus ds ckn c<+h gS] fdlku dtZ ds edM+tky esa cqjh rjg Q¡l pqdk gS] ykxr ewY; u feyus ds dkj.k vkRegR;k dj jgk gSA ogha orZeku ljdkj vEckuh] vMkuh tSls cM+s m|ksxifr;ksa dh psjh cudj dk;Z dj jgh gS] bu yksxksa ds Åij yk[kksa&yk[k djksM+ #i;s dk dtkZ gS ysfdu budh 'kkuks&'kkSdr esa dksbZ deh ugha vkrh gSA ogha dtZnkj fdlku cscl gksdj vkRegR;k dj ysrk gSA ljdkj fdlkuksa dh dtZ ekQh djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gS ysfdu bu m|ksxifr;ksa dks yk[kksa yk[k djksM+ NwV nsdj mudh 'kkuks 'kkSdr esa pkj pk¡n yxkus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSA bu dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp esa fdlkuksa ds la?k"kZ dks ubZ fn'kk nsus ds fy, vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk dk jkT; lEesyu 13]14]15 Qjojh dks eFkqjk esa gks jgk gSA yksd la?k"kZ if=dk fdlkuksa ds bl la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey gS vkSj la?k"kZ dks ubZ fn'kk nsus ds fy, fo'ks"kkad izdkf'kr dj jgh gSA vkb,! ge vki feydj fdlku la?k"kZ dks ubZ fn'kk nsa! &eq g Een 'kq , sc eq[; lykgdkj yyks ksdd lya?la k"kZ ksd d a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkafo'ks d d k f"okka'd Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Qjojh&2016 Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6 ?if= k"kZlif=dk

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fo"k; lwph ys [ k

ys [ kd

i`" B la0

lgtkuUn ljLorh vkSj fdlku

3&21

&jkgq y lkad ` R ;k;u fdlkuksa ds çfr ge fdrus lpsr

22&24

&_f"k vthr ik.Ms; eFkqjk esa fdlku vkUnksyu

25&27

&f”konRr prqo sZnh vaxt zs h gqdew r vkSj fdlku vkUnksyu

28&41

vky bafM;k fdlku lHkk vkSj fdlku cqysfVu % D;ksa vkSj fdlfy,\

42&44

&lgtkuUn ljLorh jek'kadj ;kno mQZ foæksgh ^iqj[ks* & iqj [ks

45&45

fgtkc

46&46 & vljk#y gd+ etkt

lwjt dks ugha Mwcus nw¡xk

47&47

&loZ s ' ojn;ky lDlsu k lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xh------

48&48

&thou ;nq y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

yksd la?k"kZ if=dk fo'ks"kkad

Qjojh&2016

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lgtkuUn ljLorh vkSj fdlku &jkgq y lkad` R ;k;u gks'k l¡Hkkyrs gh ftls ;ksx] oSjkX; vkSj osnkar us viuh vksj [khapk] ftls ek;ke; lalkj NksM+ v}Sr czã esa yhu gksus dh ,d le; Hkkjh lk/k Fkh ;g fdldks irk Fkk fd og lalkj ds lcls misf{kr] f'k{kk&laL—fr esa lcls fiNM+s Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dks vius iSjksa ij [kM+k djus dh çfrKk ysxk\ og ,d es/kkoh ckyd ds rkSj ij f'k{kk ds ftl jkLrs ls tk jgk Fkk] mlls og fo'o fo|ky; dk ,d lEekfur Lukrd curk] dkuwuis'kk odhy] ljdkjh ukSdj ;k çksQl s j curk exj jkLrk ,dk,d eqMk+ ] vkSj og nwljs & Hkkjrh; çkphu fo|k ds & jkLrs ij pyk x;kA og fo}ku laU;klh ds rkSj ij viuh çkS<+ çfrHkk vkSj O;kid Kku ls ,d loZekU; laU;klh] lSdM+kas Nk=ksa vkSj f'k";ksa dk xq# gksrk exj czkã.kksa ds feF;kfHkeku us O;fä ugha] ,d xkSjoiw.kZ tkfr dks viekfur djuk pkgk vkSj og mls cnkZ'r ugha dj ldkA mlus vius naM dks mBk;k vkSj dqN gh lkyksa esa Hkwfegkj czkã.kksa esa og Hkko Hkj fn;k fd czkã.kksa dks viuh 'ks[kh NksMu+ h iM+hA ysfdu le; vk;k] tc mldh rh{.k çfrHkk us cryk;k fd mldk dk;Z{ks= bruk ladfq pr ugha gksuk pkfg,] fQj tsy x;kA ogk¡ iDds xka/kh&f'k";ksa dh djrwrksa dks ns[k dj mldh nsg esa vkx yx xbZA jktuSfrd vkanksyu esa mls dksbZ Hkh vk'kk ugha jg xbZA ftlus ;ksx&lk/ku] ifo= thou vkSj eks{k&çkfIr ds fy, nj&nj dh Bksdj [kkbZ] o"kksZa rdyhQsa lgha] mlds eu esa bl rjg dk Hkko vkuk t:jh FkkA og lcdks lar ds :i esa ns[kus dh vk'kk rks ugha j[krk Fkk] exj ;g vk'kk t:j j[krk Fkk fd xka/kh th ds fo'oluh; Hkä dqN T;knk bZekunkj gksx a As mlus vius tkurs jktuhfr ls lnk ds fy, lEcU/k foPNsn dj fy;kA og ugha tkurk Fkk fd mlds fny esa ,d Hkkjh detksjh gS & og xjhcksa ds Åij gksrs vR;kpkj dks lgu djus dh 'kfä ugha j[krkA gqvk ;gh vkSj vc og uko dks Mqcks dj ijys ikj mrj x;kA Hkkjr ds fdlku&vkanksyu dks mBkus vkSj vkxs c<+kus esa tks dke mlus fd;k gS] og lnk Lej.kh; jgsxkA og O;fä gS Lokeh lgtkuUnA xkthiqj ftys esa nqYygiqj LVs'ku ds ikl nsok ,d NksVk&lk xk¡o gS] ;gk¡ dqN ?kj Hkwfegkj czkã.kksa ds gSAa vkt ;s yksx Hkwfegkj czkã.k gS]a ysfdu dqN ihf<+;ksa igys ;s y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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cqna y s [k.M ds tq>kSfr;k czkã.k FksA nl&ckjg 'krkfCn;ksa vkSj igys ;s ;equk ls if'pe fgeky; dh rjkbZ ls esokM+ rd QSys ;kS/ks; x.k ds ukxfjd FksA 1889 bZ- dh f'kojkf= dks csuhjk; ds ?kj mudk lcls NksVk iq= iSnk gqvk] ftldk uke ukSjx a jk; j[kk x;kA 3 cjl dh vk;q esa gh ek¡ ej xbZ vkSj ukSjx a dks ek¡ dk uke Hkh ugha ekywe gks ldkA ek¡ ds ejus dh {kh.k Le`fr ukSjx a ds fny esa lnk ds fy, jg xbZA yksx jks jgs FksA ukSjx a dh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw fudys ;k ugha] bldk mls irk ughaA yM+diu ls gh ukSjx a dk LokLF; vPNk Fkk ysfdu mls [ksy ls fcydqy çse u FkkA xk¡o esa Ldwy u Fkk] exj ikl ds xk¡o tykykckn esa çkbejh Ldwy FkkA 1899 ds 'kq: esa ukSjx a dks tykykckn ds enjls esa nkf[ky dj fn;k x;kA ;|fi i<+us dh voLFkk ds 4 lky mlus cjckn dj fn, Fks ysfdu mldh cqf) cgqr rhoz Fkh] xf.kr ls cgqr gh T;knk çse FkkA ejnls esa gj lky og nks&nks ntsZ ikl djrk vkSj vius ntsZ esa lnk çFke jgrkA 1902 rd 3 lkyksa ds Hkhrj ukSjx a us 6 lky dh i<+kbZ [kRe dj nhA vij çkbejh ikl yM+dksa dh ftyk&çfr;ksfxrk esa mlus chl esa ls mUuhl vad ik,A vc ukSjx a 13 lky dk FkkA jkek;.k i<+us dk mls cgqr 'kkSd FkkA fdlh us xhrk dk ekgkRE; cryk;k vkSj mls Hkh vius ikB esa 'kkfey dj og vPNk&[kklk iqtkjh cu x;kA tykykckn ds ,d v/;kid Hkh iqtkjh Fks] ukSjx a dh iwtk esa mudk çHkko vo'; FkkA iwtk fcuk nsork dks [kq'k dSls fd;k tk ldrk gSA vc fefMy esa i<+us ds fy, ukSjx a xkthiqj rglhyh Ldwy esa nkf[ky gqvkA ntsZ esa vOoy rks jguk gh FkkA lHkh fo"k;ksa esa mldh xfr FkhA Le`fr Hkh rh{.k Fkh] 1904 esa fganh fefMy ikl fd;k] lkjs ;qäks çkar esa ukSjx a dk uacj NBk ;k lkrok¡ FkkA mnwZ dks fu;eiwoZd ugha i<+k Fkk ysfdu mnwZ i<+us okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk cjkcj cSBuk iM+rk] ftlls lqurs&gh&lqurs ukSjx a dks mnwZ vkus yxhA xkthiqj esa vk dj ukSjx a dh vkØked ço`fÙk vkSj c<+ xbZA ;gk¡ mls lukru /keZ vkSj vk;Zlekt ds mins'kdksa ds O;k[;ku lquus dks feyrsA /keZ ij J)k vkSj terh xbZA og vk;Zlekth ugha cuk vkSj jkst fu;e ls Luku dj 'kadj ds Åij csyi= vkSj xaxkty p<+krkA f'ko th dk ozr cM+s mRlkg ds lkFk djrkA ml oä ve`rjk; ogha v/;kid FksA os [kqn Hkh çfrHkk'kkyh Fks blfy, çfrHkk'kkyh yM+ds dh dnj djuk tkurs FksA ukSjx a jk; Hkh mUgha ds lkFk jgrkA fganh fefMy ikl djus ds ckn fQj ukSjx a dks Nk=o`fÙk feyh vkSj og xkthiqj ds teZu fe'ku gkbZ Ldwy ¼vktdy ds jktdh; flVh baVj d‚yst] xkthiqj½ esa y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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çfo"V gqvkA ekjokfM+;ksa ds Vksys esa xq.ks'ojukFk egknso dk efUnj gSA mlh dh ,d dksBjh esa ukSjx a jgk djrk FkkA ogk¡ xaxk Hkh utnhd Fkha vkSj ikl esa egknso dk efUnj HkhA ukSjx a jk; dks bu nksuksa phtksa dh lcls T;knk t:jr FkhA vc ukSjx a jk; ds ikBî esa laL—r Hkk"kk Hkh FkhA vius jVs efgEu % Lrks= vkSj xhrk ds 'yksdksa dk vFkZ le>us dh ykylk esa og mls cgqr /;ku ls i<+rk FkkA ukSjx a dk iwtk&ikB ?kjokyksa dks ilan u FkkA nsj djus esa gkfu le> 16 o"kZ dh voLFkk ¼1905½ esa ukSjx a dh 'kknh dj nh xbZA ysfdu L=h ,d gh lky ckn ijyksd fl/kkj xbZA fefMy bafXy'k esa Hkh ukSjx a jk; dk uacj vPNk jgkA 1906 esa dqN laU;klh ?kwers&?kkers mlh egknso ds efUnj esa BgjsA ukSjx a /keZ&çseh rks Fkk gh laU;kfl;ksa dk xs#vk oL= rFkk muds mUeqä thou mls vkSj Hkh vkd"kZd ekywe gq,A ,d lky igys Hkh ukSjx a Hkkxdj cukjl vkSj dkdksjh rd x;k Fkk ysfdu cjlkr dk fnu Fkk vkSj vHkh fny etcwr ugha gqvk Fkk] blfy, ogk¡ ls ykSV vk;kA bl igyh mM+ku dk ?kjokyksa esa ls fdlh dks irk ugha Fkk vkSj ;g vPNk gh gqvk] ugha rks os vkSj dM+h fuxkg j[krsA vcdh ukSjx a us cukjl ds laU;kfl;ksa ls mudk eB irk iwN fy;k FkkA og vius fy, ;gh jkLrk ilan dj pqdk FkkA vc ¼1907 es½a ukSjx a dh mez 18 lky dh FkhA og gkbZ Ldwy dh vkf[kjh d{kk dk fo|kFkhZ vkSj cgqr rst fo|kFkhZ FkkA eSfVªd ijh{kk esa Hkh mls Nk=o`fÙk t:j feyrh vkSj ?kj dh enn ds fcuk Hkh fo'ofo|ky; dh lHkh lhfM+;ksa dks ikj dj ldrk FkkA og tkurk Fkk fd og ,d vPNk odhy cu ldrk gS] v/;kid cu ldrk gS ;k fMIVh dysDVj gks ldrk gSA ysfdu ukSjx a dk eu jg&jg dj dg mBrk] ^vkSj i<+&fy[k dj D;k djksx\s rqEgsa dksbZ nwljk f[kyk nsxkA* vc og xhrk dks dqN le> ldrk FkkA mlus y?kqdkSeqnh i<+hA Hkkxor dks Hkh og 'kkSd ls laL—r esa i<+rkA ;gh ugha] NksVh&eksVh osnkar dh iqLrdsa Hkh i<+ ysrk] blls mldk fny osnkar ls j¡x x;kA 'kk;n ?kjokyksa dks dqN Hkud yxrh tk jgh FkhA mUgksua s lkspk & tYnh gh 'kknh dj nks] ugha rks yM+dk gkFk ls csgkFk gksus tk jgk gSA ukSjx a dks Hkh irk yx x;k [krjs dh ?kaVh cth & ^Hkkxks vHkhA* f'kojkf= ¼1907½ ds dqN gh fnuksa igys ukSjx a jk; Hkkx dj cukjl pys vk,A fl) vikjukFk eB dk uke uksV fd;k gqvk FkkA xkthiqj esa igys ds ifjfpr laU;klh Hkh fey x,A f'kojkf= tSls egku ioZ dks gkFk ls tkus ugha nsuk pkfg,A lykg gqbZ] y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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f'kojkf= ds fnu gh laU;kl ys fy;k tkosA Lokeh vP;qrkuUn fxfj O;kdj.k&ehekalk ds ,d vPNs iafMr FksA 18 lky ds ukSjx a mUgha ls fxfjukek laU;klh cusA tc muds ckyfe= gfjukjk;.k ikaM;s dks irk yxk] rks os Hkh vkdj laU;klh gks x,A pan gh fnuksa ckn&?kjokyksa dks irk yx x;k vkSj yksx cukjl igqp ¡ As Lokeh lgtkuUn dks ?kj vkuk iM+kA lc yksx le>kus yxsA [kkdhth cqyk dj yk, x,A r#.k laU;klh ds eq¡g ls Kku&oSjkX; dh ckr lqu dj dgus yxs & ^gekjh le> ls ckgj dh ckr gS] ge D;k le>k,¡\* [kkdhth dh bl nsgkr esa cM+h çflf) FkhA og fl) igq¡ps gq, egkiq#"k le>s tkrs FksA vUr esa gkj ekudj ?kjokyksa dks Lokeh dk jkLrk NksMu+ k iM+kA Lokeh fQj nqYygiqj LVs'ku ls jsy idM+ cukjl pys vk,A Lokeh vkSj ckyl[kk gfjukjk;.k dks laU;kl&thou vkSj mlls Hkh T;knk ;ksx&lekf/k dk 'kkSd FkkA cukjl esa dksbZ ;ksxh ugha feykA mUgksua s vc ;ksxh xq# dks <w¡<+ fudkyus dk fu'p; fd;kA nksuksa xaxk ds fdukjs&fdukjs iSny gh if'pe dh vksj py iM+As Hkkstu ds fy, nl ?kjksa ls e/kqdjh ek¡x ysrAs >wl ¡ h ¼ç;kx½ rd fdlh ;ksxh ls HksVa ugha gqbZA >w¡lh esa eB dh Nr ij uaxs lksus ls 'kjhj esa nnZ vkSj cq[kkj gks vk;kA fdlh us nok le> dj pk; fiykbZ] exj chekj csgks'k gks x;kA ,d vkSj lk/kq oS|d djus yxs vkSj yksgk ihl dj fiyk fn;kA fdlh le>nkj vkneh us dgk Hkh&^tgj fiyk jgk gS] ej tkosxk* exj dbZ [kqjkd [kk pqdus ds ckn lkjs 'kjhj esa jks,& ¡ jks,¡ ij Qqfa l;k¡ fudy vkbZAa vkt bl ?kVuk dks gq, lkyksa chr x,] vkSj Lokeh [kkus&ihus esa cM+k la;e j[krs gSa exj vkt Hkh yksgs dk çHkko fcydqy [kRe ugha gqvkA eghus&Hkj >w¡lh esa chekj iM+s jgs] cM+h ihM+k lguh iM+hA 'kjhj ds l¡Hkyrs gh fQj ;ksxh dh [kkstA fdlh us cryk;k&fp=dwV esa ;ksxh jgrs gSAa nksuksa us fp=dwV dk jkLrk idM+k iSny ghA exj ogk¡ Hkh nwj dk <ksy lqgkoukA taxy dh vksj c<+As vuql;w k ds cSjkxh ckck dks ihVdj pksj lksyg gtkj #i, ys dj pair gks x, FksA dknefxfj esa cSjkfx;ksa ¼oS".koks½a ds LFkku gS]a vkSj 'kk;n gh dksbZ ;ksfxuh fcuk gksA ogk¡ jkr dks jgus ds fy, dksbZ LFkku nsus dks rS;kj u gqvkA fp=dwV ls fujk'k ykSVAs rqylhnkl dh tUeHkwfe ^jktkiqj* ns[kh fQj ç;kx dh lM+d idM+h vkSj if'pe dh vksj eq¡g fd;kA vc v¡rfj;k cq[kkj vkus yxk FkkA Hkknksa dk fnu Fkk] o"kkZ gks jgh FkhA cq[kkj ds fnu iwMh+ feyh] [kk fy;k] Åij ls BaMh gok yxhA cq[kkj vkSj c<+kA xk¡o y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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esa 'kj.k <w<¡ u+ s x,] fdlh us chekj ijns'kh laU;klh dks txg u nhA xk¡o esa ,d VwVh pkSiky Fkh] ftlesa xkscj dk dhpM+ Hkjk gqvk Fkk] nqxZ/a k dk fBdkuk ugha Fkk] ogk¡ cSBus ds fy, Hkh LFkku ugha FkkA ikuh&cw¡nh esa tk,¡ dgk¡\ pkSiky esa [kM+s jgs] tc o"kkZ can gqb]Z rks fQj ml xk¡o dks vHkkxs laU;klh r#.kksa us lyke fd;kA Qrsgiqj ds igys egknso dk efUnj feyk Fkk] ftlesa nksuksa BgjsA cq[kkj tkrk jgkA iwMh+ us cq[kkj dks c<+k;k] egknso th us NqMk+ fn;kA ?kweus ds vykok bl oä xhrk vkSj f'ko&efgEu&lgtkuUn ljLorh Lrks= dk ikB gksrk jgrkA lkFk esa dqN osnkar dh iqLrdsa Fkha] dqN mUgsa Hkh fdlh&fdlh le; ns[k ysrAs irk yxk] ueZnk ds rV ij ;ksxh jgrs gSAa dkuiqj ls dkyih dh vksj eqMAs+ mjbZ] >k¡lh] yfyriqj lc iSny x,A ;gk¡ 52 ?kaVs rd vUu ls HksVa ugha gqbZA J)k lkjs Hkkjr esa ,d&lh rks c¡Vh ugha gSA Hkw[k us nwj pys tkus dks etcwj fd;kA csfVdV jsy idM+h vkSj chuk esa mrj iM+As fQj iSnyA lkxj esa ueZnk ikj dhA ujflagiqj gksrs gq, ekusiqj ¼tcyiqj ftyk½ esa igq¡pAs ;gk¡ gfjukjk;.k th ds ifjfpr ,d jktiwr x`gLFk jgrs FksA og laU;kfl;ksa ds Hkfä vkSj osnkar ds 'kkSdhu FksA osnkar i<+r& s i<+krs rFkk dqN nok Hkh djrs FksA 15&20 fnu ;gha nksuksa tus BgjsA igys Hkh lqu pqds Fks vkSj ekusijq esa Hkh vksd a kjs'oj ds deyHkkjrh ls ;ksx lh[kus dh ykylk ys [k.Mok gksrs gq, vksd a kj igq¡pAs ;ksxh ogk¡ ls vkSj mÙkj ds taxy esa jgrs FksA ogk¡ igqp ¡ us ij ekywe gqvk] og vuar lekf/k ys pqds gSAa fdlh us dgk & ^;ksxh&oksxh ugha Fks] dk;kdYi djrs FksA* muds psys dks Hkh dksb& Z dksbZ ;ksxh dgrs Fks vkSj mudk ;ksx Fkk & }kj can dj fnu&Hkj lksrs jgukA fQj iSnyA iSls ikl ugha Fks] [kkus ds fy, fHk{kk e/kqdjh ek¡x ysr]s vkSj jlorh ekyo&Hkwfe esa mldh deh ugha gqbZA gk¡] vc ;ksx ls fujk'k gks pysA ^nwj dk <ksy lqgkouk* dh ckr Bhd t¡pus yxhA gk¡] oSjkX; ij –<+ J)k FkhA HkrZgfj dk ^oSjkX;'krd* cM+k lqna j yxrk FkkA bankSj gksrs gq, mTtSu x,A chl fnu egkdkys'oj dh uxjh esa chrk fQj iSny gh mÙkj dk jkLrk fy;kA eFkqjk] gkFkjl] gfj}kj gksrs gq, _f"kds'k igq¡pAs vc lu~ 1908 FkkA ;ksx dh vk'kk tkrh jgh FkhA lkspk] dqN osnkar gh i<+ MkysAa dSyk'k&vkJe ds fdlh laU;klh ds ikl ^osnkar eqäkoyh* i<+us yxsA exj O;kdj.k dPpk Fkk] blfy, le>us esa dfBukbZ gksus yxhA dqN ;g Hkh eu esa gksus yxk] ^laL—r dh [kku cukjl NksM]+ ;gk¡ VDdjsa ekjus dh t:jr\* ;gk¡ rd vk, rks pyks fgeky; dh rhFkZ;k=k gh dj MkysAa vHkh y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fgeky; ds rhFkZ brus vkckn ugha gq, FksA jkLrs dfBu FksA /keZ'kkykvks& a lnkorksZa dh vkt dh Hkjekj dk uke rd u FkkA dHkh&dHkh] nks&nks fnu rd [kkuk ugha feyrk vkSj nksuksa ifFkd fBBqj dj ysV tkrsA dsnkjukFk gks dj tc rqx a ukFk igq¡p]s rks gfjukjk;.k th ls vyx gks tkuk iM+kA brus fnuksa ds rtqcZs us cryk fn;k fd ;gk¡ ^eu feys dk esyk* ugha gSA vc fcydqy ,dkdh&vdsys pyuk] vdsys Hkw[ks jgukA cnjhukFk ls _f"kds'k ykSV vk,] exj ogk¡ dksbZ vkd"kZ.k u FkkA ik¡o QV x, Fks] blfy, iSny dk [k;ky NksM+ gfj}kj esa jsy idM+hA yDlj esa mrkj fn;k vkSj eqjknkckn esa Hkh ysfdu mrjrs&p<+rs vkf[kj cukjl igqp ¡ x,A 'kk;n fQj fdlh us ;ksxh dh vk'kk fnykbZA fQj xaxk fdukjs iSny gh py iM+s & vc dh iwjc dh vksjA cfy;k rd x,] dgha u ;ksxh] u ;ksxh dh iw¡N fn[kkbZ iM+hA o"kkZ vk xbZ Fkh] HkjkSyh ¼mft;kj½ esa pkSeklk jgsA lkspk] vc NksMk+ s ;ksfx;ksa ds ijiap dks] ftudks yksx ;ksxh le>rs gS]a og gekjs fy, fnu ds lksuos kys ;k dk;kdYi djusokys ls vf/kd ugha gksrAs vc vPNk ;gh gS fd py dj laL—r i<+ks fQj ;fn dksbZ okLrfod ;ksxh fey x;k rks ns[kk tkosxkA cukjl esa fo|k/;;u & 1909 ls cukjl esa MVdj laL—r i<+us yxsA vikjukFk ds eB esa BgjsA ikl gh laU;klh ikB'kkyk esa vius le; ds çfl) O;kdj.kh iafMr gfjukjk;.k frokjh i<+krs FksA muls fl)kar dkSenq h 'kq: dhA <kbZ o"kZ yxkdj mls [kwc eu ls i<+kA i<+kbZ vkxs tkjh gh jghA laL—r dh tM+ etcwr gks xbZA ikB'kkyk ds nwljs v/;kid 'kadj Hkêkpk;Z ls U;k; i<+rs FksA ia- fuR;kuUn iatkch ehekalk vkSj ,d cfy;kokys ia- osnkar i<+krs FksA laU;klh ds fy, dk'kh esa nq[k D;k\ ik¡p {ks=ksa esa ?kwe tkrs vkSj Hkkstu ds fy, i;kZIr e/kqdjh fey tkrhA jgrs dHkh fdlh eB esa dHkh fdlh eB esAa fojäs laU;klh Fks] blfy, ijh{kk nsus dk dHkh [k;ky ugha vk;kA Lokeh vc ¼1912 es½a 23 lky ds FksA vHkh Hkh ;ksx vkSj fnO;&'kfä ij ls mudk fo'okl mBk ugha FkkA VDdj ekj dj vlQy gksus ds ckn og bruk gh le> ik, Fks fd ;ksxh vc dfy;qx esa nqyZHk gS]a HkkX; ls gh dgha fey tk,¡A ,d fnu mUgksua s ,d cw<s+ naMh laU;klh dk irk ik] tkdj muds n'kZu fd,A ogk¡ ,d peRdkj ns[kus esa vk;k & naMh [kjkZVs Hkjrs lks jgs gSa vkSj mudh vaxfq y;k¡ ekyk ds euds fxu jgh gSAa Lokeh v}SrkuUn ljLorh & ;gh naMh dk uke FkkA lh/ks&lkns lk/kq Fks] dqN i<+& s fy[ks HkhA r#.k laU;klh us y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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ftlds fy, ?kj NksMk+ Fkk] iwjk ugha rks mlesa ls dqN rks feykA Lokeh ckj&ckj tkus yxsA naMh th us naM ys ysus ds fy, dgkA vkf[kj 'kadjkpk;Z Hkh rks naMh Fks! vHkh rd vikjukFk ds fxfj FksA vc mUgksua s Lokeh v}SrkuUn ljLorh dk f'k"; lgtkuUn ljLorh cu naM /kkj.k fd;kA v}SrkuUn cM+s iafMr u Fks fd lgtkuUn dks muls T;knk Kku çkIr gksus dh vk'kk gksrhA og Hkfä &Hkko okys vkneh FksA Hkfäiw.kZ dFkk&çlaxksa dks lqurs oä mudh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw dh /kkjk cg pyrhA mudh ,d eq[; f'k{kk Fkh&^voxq.kxzkgh lk/kq]* xq.kxzkgh vlk/kq tks fd yksd&çfl) dgkor ^xq.kxzkgh lk/kq] voxq.kxzkgh vlk/kq* dk myVk gS] vkSj ftldk vFkZ gS] lk/kq ijk, ds xq.kksa dks xzg.k djrs gSa vkSj vlk/kq ijk, ds voxq.kksa dksA v}SrkuUn vius lw= dk vfHkçk; ysrs Fks& ^lk/kq vius voxq.k dks idM+rs vkSj vlk/kq vius xq.kksa dksA* naMh gksus ij Lokeh lgtkuUn ds fu;e dqN dM+s gks x, ysfdu nafM;ksa dk dk'kh esa ¼vkSj ckgj Hkh½ cgqr eku gS] i<+uk igys gh dh rjg tkjh jgkA O;kdj.k esa euksjek] 'ks[kj vkSj egkHkk"; i<+kA okRL;k;u&Hkk";] U;k;orZd] rkRi;Z&Vhdk] U;k; dqleq katfy] vkRerRo foosd tSls çkphu U;k; ds çkS<+ xzUFkksa dk v/;;u fd;kA uS;kf;d thoukFk feJ ls i{krk] lkekU; fu#fä ] fl)kar&y{k.k rFkk okn ds xzUFk i<+As osnkar rks vius ?kj dk t:jh fo"k; Fkk] mlds i<+kus okyksa esa cfy;k ds ia- vP;qrkuUn f=ikBh FksA muls mUgksua s [k.M&[k.M [kk|] laf{kIr 'kkjhfjd] v}Srflf) vkfn xzUFk i<+As tc og ehekalk esa U;k;&jRuekyk vkfn xzUFkksa dks i<+dj vkxs c<+uk pkgrs Fks] ml oä ns[kk fd muds v/;kidksa dks dfBukbZ gks jgh gSA larks"k ugha gksrk FkkA [kqn flj iVdus dh dksf'k'k dh exj mlls dke curs ugha nh[k iM+kA vc ¼1915 es½a og fdlh çkS<+ ehekald xq# dh [kkst esa FksA lkfgR; esa uS"k/k vkfn i<+s FksA exj ;ksx&oSjkX; ds 'kSnkbZ lgtkuUn dks ;s J`x a kjiw.kZ xzUFk ilan u vkrs FksA iqjkus ;qx dh iqjkuiaFkh laL— r iqLrdksa rFkk ;ksx&oSjkX; ds vfrfjä vkSj Hkh nqfu;k gS] bldk Lokeh dks irk u FkkA ehekalk dh I;kl cq>h u FkhA irk yxk njHkaxk ds fp=/kj feJ uked ,d cM+s ehekald gSAa 1915 esa ogk¡ igq¡p x, vkSj mUgha ds ikl 7 ekl jg dj ehekalk ds fdrus gh xzUFk i<+As dqekfjy dh nqyZHk iqLrd VqIVhdk dks gkFk ls fy[k dj i<+kA ia- cky—".k feJ Hkh ml oä ogha FksA mUgksua s cM+s Lusg ls Lokeh dks okn ¼U;k;½ rFkk dkO; çdk'k i<+k;kA pyrs oä vius çfrHkk'kkyh f'k"; & ijarq /keZ esa xq# dks vius xq# }kjk çdkf'kr ,d iqLrd HksVa dh] ftl ij vius gkFk ls ;g Lojfpr i| fy[k fn;k % y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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çseSo ek·Lrq ;fn L;kr~ lqtusu uSo] rsukfi psn~ xq.kork u lea dnkfpr~A rsukfi psn~ Hkorq uSo dnkfi Hk³~xks Hk³~xks·fi psn~ Hkorq o’;eo’;ek;q:e ^çse gh er gks] ;fn gks rks l`tu ds lkFk ugha] mlls Hkh gks rks xq.kh ds lkFk dHkh u gksA mlls Hkh gks rks dHkh Hkh ¼çse dk½ Hkax u gks] Hkax Hkh gks rks vk;q vius o'k esa t:j gksA* ,d egk;q) gks jgk gks] gks ugha ldrk fd Lokeh lgtkuUn ,slk rhoz cqf) dk O;fä viuh fpj&lekf/k dks Hkax u djsA 1915 ls ;q) dh [kcjksa ds fy, Lokeh dks v[kckj i<+us dh pkg yxhA ckgj dh nqfu;k dk Kku tSl& s tSls c<+rk tk jgk Fkk] oSl& s oSls jktuhfr esa Hkh fnypLih c<+ pyhA leLrhiqj ¼njHkaxk½ esa mUgksua s Qhjkst'kkg esgrk ds ejus dh [kcj i<+h vkSj ;g Hkh le>k fd lalkj esa ns'kHkfä Hkh dksbZ pht gSA y[kuÅ&dkaxl sz esa fgan& w eqfLye le>kSrk gqvk] mls Hkh mUgksua s i<+kA og ^çrki* ¼dkuiqj½ dks fu;eiwod Z i<+rs Fks] ftlls Hkkjr dh jktuSfrd voLFkk dh >yd FkksMh+ &FkksMh+ lkeus vkus yxhA ^çrki* esa fryd dh e`R;q ds ckjs esa bl i| dks i<+ dj cM+s çHkkfor gq, & eqírsa dkV nha vlhjh es]a Fkk tokuh dk jax ihjh esAa vc dgk¡ eqYd dk fQnkbZ gk;] ekSr ml ekSr dks u vk;h gk;A Lokeh us bls i<+dj ,d fnu&jkr [kkuk ugha [kk;kA vc mudh utj xka/kh th dh vksj yxh gqbZ FkhA tfy;k¡okyk ckx dkaM lqu dj mUgsa l[r /kDdk yxkA mlds ckjs esa gaVj dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ dks mUgksua s [kwc vPNh rjg i<+kA mlh oä ^[k;kyh Økafr vkSj dSls mls nck;k x;k* uked ,d vaxt zs h iqLrd muds gkFk vkbZA lq[k&nq%[k vuqHko djus dk ,d u;k lalkj muds lkeus [kM+k gks x;kA laL—r lkfgR; esa xksrk yxkuk NwV x;kA <w<¡ & + <w<¡ + dj jkst&jkst dh KkrO; jktuSfrd ckrsa i<+r]s vc muds Hkko ns'k ds ijrU=dkfj;ksa ds fo#) gks x,A e`R;q&'k¸;k ij iM+s fryd dks ns[kus xka/kh th cacbZ ds ljnkjx`g esa x,A fryd us dgk &"Non-co-operation" pqi jgdj fQj "Very high method" ;g dgrs gq, yksdekU; us vkf[kjh lk¡l yhA Lokeh us dgha ij ;s ckrsa i<+hAa 1920 esa xka/kh th iVuk vk,A ogk¡ y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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ekSykuk vktkn vkSj dbZ nwljs usrkvksa ds O;k[;ku lquAs vktkn ds O;k[;ku dk cgqr vlj iM+kA 5 fnlacj dks os ekSykuk etg#Ygd ds edku ij xka/kh th ls ckr djus x,A laU;kl ij dqN ckr pyh] fQj xka/kh th dh jktuhfr ij Lokeh us rdZ djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj dgk fd f[kykQr ds loky ds gy gks tkus ds ckn eksgEen vyh 'kkSdr vyh eqYd dks /kks[kk rks ugha nsx a \s xka/kh th us dgk&^ge rdZ ugha tkurs] /kks[kk ugha nsx a As * vkjk dh lHkk esa xka/kh th us laU;klh ds bl okrkZyki dk ftØ fd;k FkkA vc Lokeh us fu'p; fd;k&ns'k dh lsok cM+h pht gS] eSa eqYd dh lsok d:¡xkA jktuSfrd {ks= esa & Lokeh ukxiqj dkaxl zs esa x,A ykSVdj ¼1921 es½a cDlj pys x, vkSj ogha dke 'kq: fd;kA dkaxl sz us dkSfa lyksa ds ck;dkV dk fu'p; fd;k FkkA gFkqvk ds egkjktk ¼tks [kqn Hkwfegkj czkã.k gS½a dkSfa ly ds fy, [kM+s gq,A dkaxl zs ds yksxksa us ,d vui<+ /kksch dks muds f[kykQ [kM+k fd;kA Lokeh th us lHkk esa cksyrs gq, dgk Fkk & ^jktk&egkjktk ls gekjk /kksch dgha vPNk gSA* /kksch thr x;kA ogk¡ fryd LojkT; QaM ds fy, pank tek djus esa lgk;rk dhA dqN yksxksa us #i;ksa esa xM+cM+h dh] ftlds dkj.k Lokeh th dk eu fcnd mBk vkSj os dkaxl zs dk dke djus ds fy, xkthiqj pys x,A vgenkckn dkaxl zs ¼1921½ ls ykSVus ij mUgsa fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA ltk ikdj xkthiqj] cukjl] QStkckn] y[kuÅ dh tsyksa dh gok [kkrs jgsA ogk¡ ij Hkh vkn'kZoknh Lokeh ds ân; esa xka/kh vuq;kf;;ksa dh fdruh gh ckrsa [kVdrh Fkha & ¼1½ xka/kh&fl)kar dks os fn[kkus ds fy, ekurs FksA ¼2½ —iykuh] lai.w kkZuUn&tSlksa dk fgan& w eqfLye&,drk esa fo'okl ugha Fkk] rks Hkh os mldk vfHku; djrs FksA ¼3½ fQtwy ckr ds fy, tsyokyksa ls >xM+rs jgrsA ¼4½ tc jktuSfrd cfUn;ksa ds fMohtu ¼foHkkx½ dk loky vk;k] rks yksxksa dk #[k ns[kdj igys rks dg fn;k&^ge gyok [kkus tsy ugha vk,] ge pDdh pykus vk, gS*a ysfdu tc fMohtu dj ds QStkckn Hkst fn, x,] rc ck¡nk ds ,d fryd&Hkä us jkst vk/kk&lsj ?kh ikus ds fy, Hkw[k&gM+rky dj nhA ;g xyr ckr gS&bls cgqr&ls yksx ekurs Fks] rc Hkh nwljksa us lkFk fn;kA [kSj] gM+rky rks VwVuh gh Fkh] pkj fnu ckn lcus fQj [kkuk 'kq: fd;kA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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tuojh ¼1923½ esa Lokeh tsy ls NwV dj xkthiqj ykSV vk, vkSj dkaxl zs dk dke djrs jgsA vc vkanksyu f'kfFky gks pyk FkkA f'kfFkyrk dk çHkko Lokeh ij Hkh iM+ jgk FkkA 1924 esa os lsejh ¼fcgkj½ pys x, vkSj ogk¡ ^deZdyki* uked iqLrd fy[khA vc fcgkj esa dkaxl sz us fdrus gh fMfLVªDV cksMksZa dks n[ky dj fy;k FkkA ljdkj ijLrksa ds fljekSj lj x.ks'knÙk flag ¼Hkwfegkj½ fefuLVj FksA Lokeh th dk çHkko os tkurs Fks] blfy, mudh cgqr yYykspIiks djrs FksA yksx cjkcj mudk dku Hkjk djrs Fks fd dk;LFk dkaxl zs ds uke ij Hkwfegkjksa ds çHkko dks [kRe dj nsuk pkgrs gSAa fcgkj ds cM+s tehankjksa esa cgqr vf/kd la[;k Hkwfegkjksa dh gS] ;g Lokeh th tkurs FksA lkFk gh lkFk os ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd dkaxl sz dfeZ;ksa esa mudh la[;k de ugha gSA blfy, Hkwfegkjksa dk vfLrRo [krjs es]a ;g ckr rks muds eu esa ugha vkrh FkhA ysfdu rc Hkh x<+&x<+ dj fdrus gh mnkgj.k muds lkeus is'k fd, tkrs FksA lj x.ks'k us ,d ckj cM+s rikd ds lkFk Lokeh th ds lkeus dgk Fkk & ^igys ns'k] fQj fcjknjh* ysfdu tc x;k fMfLVªDV cksMZ dks mUgksua s dkaxfsz l;ksa ds gkFk ls fudkyus ds fy, rksM+ fn;k] rks Lokeh th ds eu ij bldk cgqr cqjk vlj gqvkA lj x.ks'k us crk;k fd xouZj us tcjnLrh ,slk djk;kA 1926 vk;kA dkaxl sz us dkSfa lyksa esa tkuk r; fd;k vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu pquko&{ks=ksa ds fy, dkaxl sz h mEehnokj [kM+s fd, tkus yxsA ml oä dqN ;ksX; dkaxl zs dfeZ;ksa dks Bqdjk dj nwljksa dks os LFkku fn, x,A Lokeh th ds vkl&ikl vc Hkh tkr&ik¡r dh euksof` Ùkokys yksx T;knk jgrs FksA mUgksua s dk;LFk&i{kikr] Hkwfegkj&fo}s"k vkfn dg dj HkM+dkuk 'kq: fd;kA Lokeh th us vU;k; ds f[kykQ xka/kh th dks ,d yack&pkSMk+ i= fy[kk ysfdu dksbZ mÙkj ugha vk;kA lj x.ks'k vkSj ckcw jtu/kkjh flag tSls x.kekU; usrk Lokeh th dk pj.kke`r ys jgs FksA vUr esa Lokeh th dks [khapus esa os lQy gq,A ,d pquko&{ks= esa Lokeh th vkSj bu iafä;ksa ds ys[kd nks fojks/kh mEehnokjksa ds leFkZd FksA ;|fi ys[kd ekurk Fkk vkSj ftys ds vf/kdka'k dkaxl zs dehZ Hkh le>rs Fks fd ftl mEehnokj dk Lokeh th leFkZu dj jgs gS]a mlus dkaxl sz ds fy, T;knk dke fd;k gS] og T;knk tufç; gS fdarq tc dkaxl zs us nwljs mEehnokj dks [kM+k dj fn;k] rks dkaxfzs l;ksa ds fy, mldk leFkZu djus ds flok; vkSj dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA /khjs&/khjs Lokeh th dks fcy¸;k Hkäksa dk irk yx x;kA Hkwfegkj czkã.k egklHkk ds lHkkifrRo ds fy, tc esjB ds y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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dkaxl zs &usrk pkS/kjh j?kqohj ukjk;.k flag dk uke vk;k] rks mUgksua s fdlh jktk&egkjktk dks ml txg cSBkuk pkgkA [kSj] os blesa lQy ugha gq, vkSj pkS/kjh lkgc gh lHkkifr cusA x;k fMfLVªDV cksMZ ds rksMu+ s ds ckjs esa Lokeh th us lj x.ks'k dks QVdkjrs gq, dgk & ^vc rqEgkjs ;gk¡ ge fQj ugha vk,¡xAs * fdlkuksa ds usrk & Hkwfegkj lkearksa vkSj tehankjksa dh euksof` Ùk dks Hkhrj ls ns[kdj Lokeh th dh vk¡[ksa [kqyus yxhaA og le>us yxs fd eqëh&Hkj tehankjks]a jktk&egkjktkvksa ds flok; lcdh&lc Hkwfegkj turk fdlku gS vkSj bu nksuksa ds fgr ,d&nwljs ds f[kykQ gSAa Hkwfegkj fdlkuksa vkSj xjhcksa ds ogh fgr gS]a tks fd Hkkjr ds lHkh fdlkuksa vkSj xjhcksa dsA blfy, lcdk m)kj Hkkjr ds lkjs fdlku&oxZ ds m)kj esa gh gSA vc og iVuk ftys esa T;knk jgrs FksA ogha mUgksua s igys&igy Hkwfegkj fdlkuksa ls Hkwfegkj tehankjksa ds vR;kpkj lquAs blds fy, 1927 ds vUr esa mUgksua s if'pe iVuk fdlku&lHkk cukbZA vHkh Hkh mudk fo'okl Fkk fd ijLij lg;ksx ls fdlku vkSj tehankj dk Hkyk gks ldrk gS ysfdu lkFk gh og le>rs Fks fd fdlkuksa ds etcwr gq, fcuk tehankj lg;ksx ugha djsx a As 4 ekpZ] 1928 dks Lokeh th us if'pe iVuk fdlku lHkk dk ckdk;nk laxBu fd;kA ,d iSlk esEcjh Qhl j[kh xbZA ?kwe&?kwe dj xk¡oksa esa fdlkuksa ds fgr ij Lokeh th O;k[;ku nsus yxs & Hkjriqjk ds Hkwfegkj tehankj dh tehankjh ds xk¡oksa esa lHkk,¡ [kklrkSj ls T;knk gqbAaZ vxys lky rFkk 1929 dk Hkh cgqr&le; chr x;k] Lokeh th mlh rjg viuh /kqu esa yxs gq, FksA mlh lky fcgkj esa dk'rdkjh dkuwu esa lq/kkj djus dh ckr tksj&'kksj ls pyus yxhA ljdkj fdlkuksa ds #[k dks le> jgh Fkh vkSj pkgrh Fkh fd ftu vR;kpkjksa ds cks> ls&uktk;t utjkuksa vkSj djksa ds cks> ls fdlku turk filh tk jgh gS] mUgsa dqN de djuk pkfg,] ugha rks ;g eokn Hk;adj gks mBsxkA tehankjksa dks Hkh vHkh fdlh dkaxl zs h fefuLVjh dk rtqckZ u FkkA os le>rs Fks fd dkaxl sz h usrk ftu yach&yach ckrksa dks dgrs gS]a fefuLVj cu dj oSlk dj cSBx as s blfy, pkgrs Fks fd lkSnk lLrs esa blh le; iVk fy;k tkosA m/kj fdlkuksa ds Hkh dqN uke/kkjh çfrfuf/k Fks] tks fd dqN ekewyh lq/kkj djkdj vxys pquko ds fy, vius okLrs jkLrk lkQ djuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu] ljdkj us dg fn;k fd tehankjksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds le>kSrs ls tks fcy is'k gksxk] ljdkj mlh dk leFkZu djsxhA ml le; ,d tehankj eqf[k;k us tehankjksa dh vksj ls ,d y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fcy is'k fd;k Fkk vkSj dkaxl sz ds HkxksMs+ ,d nwljs lTtu us fdlkuksa dh vksj ls ,d nwljk fcy j[kk FkkA fefuLVªh ds jl ls vufHkK dkaxl zs h usrk ?kcjk jgs Fks fd dgha nksuksa le>kSrk dj ds dksbZ dkuwu u ikl dj nsa vkSj Js; mudks fey tkosA dkaxl sz usrk ckcw jken;ky flag ¼ihNs vlsca yh ds Lihdj½ us Lokeh th ds ikl vkdj dgk fd fdlku&lHkk dk dke tksj ls gksuk pkfg, vkSj lkjs çkar ds fdlkuksa dk laxBu djuk pkfg,A blls 8 lky igys 1921 esa lksuiqj&esyk ds le; bu iafä;ksa ds ys[kd us Hkh dqN dkaxl zs dfeZ;ksa dks feykdj ,d fcgkj çkUrh; fdlku&lHkk dk;e dh FkhA exj ;g ckr le; ls cgqr igys dh xbZ blfy, og flQZ dkxth jg xbZA vc Lokeh th ds fdlkuksa esa Bksl çpkj rFkk dkaxl sz &fojksf/k;ksa dh pky ls Hk;Hkhr dkaxl sz &usrkvksa ds lg;ksx ls mlh lksuiqj esys esa 17 uoacj ¼1929½ dks çkUrh; fdlku&d‚UÝsl a gqbZA d‚UÝsl a ds lHkkifr Fks Lokeh lgtkuUn ljLorhA mUgksua s dk'rdkjh fcy ds "kM~;= a dh iksy [kksyh vkSj mldk [kwc fojks/k fd;kA çkar ds dkaxl sz ds cM+& s cM+s usrk ogk¡ ekStnw FksA çLrko vk;k] lkjs çkar dh ,d fdlku&lHkk cukbZ tkosA csuhiqjh us dkaxl sz ds detksj gks tkus dh ckr dg dj mldk fojks/k fd;k] Lokeh th us leFkZu fd;kA çLrko ikl gqvkA fcgkj çkUrh; fdlku&lHkk dk igyk pquko gqvk % & lHkkifr & Lokeh lgtkuUn ljLorh & eU=h & ckcw Jh—".k flag ¼ihNs fcgkj ds eq[;eU=h½ esEcjksa esa ckcw jktsæa çlkn] ckcw c`tfd'kksj çlkn] ckcw jken;ky flag ¼ihNs vlsca yh ds Lihdj½] ckcw vuqxzgukjk;.k flag ¼ihNs fcgkj ds vFkZ&lfpo½ vkfn lHkh dkaxl sz ds çeq[k usrk FksA c`tfd'kksj ckcw us ;g dgdj mlesa jguk ilan ugha fd;k fd ;g cgqr [krjukd dke gks jgk gSA ihNs c`tfd'kksj ckcw dh ckr lp fudyh] ;k ;ksa dfg, nwljs usrkvksa us viuh {kerk dks tkus fcuk gh bruk Hkkjh tksf[ke vius flj ij ysuk pkgkA ykgkSj dkaxl sz ¼1930½ ds igys fcgkj esa oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy vk,A txg&txg cM+h&cM+h lHkk,¡ gqbAaZ Lokeh th vius O;k[;kuksa ls fdlkuksa esa u;k tks'k Hkj jgs FksA oYyHkHkkbZ Hkh mlh lHkk esa fdlkuksa dks mRlkfgr dj jgs FksA lhrke<+h esa oYyHk HkkbZ us dgk & tehankjksa dh D;k t:jr\ idM+ dj nck nw¡ rks pwj&pwj gks tk,¡A vHkh ckr cukus dk le; Fkk] dke djus dk ugha] og rks lkr o"kZ ckn vkus okyk Fkk] fQj ^opus dk nfjærk* eqx a js esa çkUrh; jktuSfrd lEesyu gqvkA ogha çkUrh; fdlku&d‚UÝsl a Hkh gqbZA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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d‚UÝsl a us çLrko ikl fd;k fd jktuSfrd ekeyksa esa fdlku&lHkk dkaxl sz ds fo#) ugha tkosxh fdlku&lHkk ljdkjh dk'rdkjh fcy dk fojks/k djrh gS vkSj xouZeVas dks pkfg, fd ml fcy dks mBk ysA ihNs ljdkjh esEcj us dkSfa ly esa ;g ckr dgrs gq, fcy dks okil ys fy;k fd fdlku&lHkk bldk fojks/k dj jgh gSA fdlkuksa ds dkSfa lyh Lo;aHkw usrk ml oä eq¡g rkdrs jg x,A ykgkSj dkaxl zs ds ckn LorU=rk fnol ¼26 tuojh] 1930½ vk;kA ued&lR;kxzg fNM+kA Lokeh th idM+dj Ng eghus ds fy, gtkjhckx tsy esa can dj fn, x,A xka/kh&Hkä usrkvksa dh detksfj;k¡ igyh tsy ;k=k dh rjg vc vHkh fn[kykbZ iM+us yxhaA tjk&tjk&lh lqfo/kk ds fy, yksx D;k&D;k ugha djrs FksA Lokeh th dks cgqr 'kksd gqvkA vHkh Hkh jktuhfr esa Lokeh th xka/khoknh FksA mudks ?kksj fujk'kk gqbZ&,sls pfj=ghu yksx dSls LojkT; ysx a \s jktuhfr ls os vc mnkl gks pysA lu~ 1931 vk;kA Lokeh th vc 42 lky ds FksA vc mudk Kku vkSj rtqckZ cgqr foLr`r FkkA ?kj NksMr+ s le; muds lkeus tks vkn'kZ Fks] mudk LFkku ,d nwljs mPprj vkn'kZ us ys fy;k FkkA oS;fäd eks{k dh txg os vc lkjh turk dks eqä ns[kuk pkgrs FksA turk esa Hkh xjhch vkSj vR;kpkj ls vR;Ur ihfM+r fdlku gh muds ân; esa lcls vf/kd LFkku j[krs FksA os fdlkuksa ls vyx 'kgjksa ds eqgYyksa esa cSBdj fdlkuksa dk fgr&fparu ugha djrs FksA os xk¡oksa esa ?kwers] tgk¡ dksbZ fdlku vkdj dgrk&^Lokeh th] gekjs tqrrs [ksr esa ls Nhudj gekjs gy&cSyksa dks tehankj ds vkneh us ftjkr ¼lhj½ tksrus esa yxk fn;kA* dksbZ dgrk&^ge uktk;t utjkuk vkSj jlweksa ds lkFk ekyxqtkjh gj lky csckd djrs jgrs gSAa ysfdu tehankj jlhn ugha nsrk] gekjs Åij lwn vkSj rkoku ds lkFk 4&4 lky dh ckdh ekyxqtkjh dh fMxzh djokdj gedks rckg dj jgk gSA* dgha os lqurs fd xk;&HkSl a u jgus ls eq¶r nw/k u ns ldus ij tehankj us vius vkneh ls fdlku dh L=h dk nw/k fudyok;kA dgha os ns[krs] fdlkuksa dh cgw&csfV;ksa dh bTtr tehankjksa ds gkFk yqVrs ns[kdj Hkh dkuwu dqN Hkh enn djus esa vleFkZ gSA os lalkj dks lq[kh ns[kuk pkgrs Fks vkSj ns[k jgs Fks turk dh lcls vf/kd la[;k&lcls esgurh&leqnk; fdlkuksa dh ujd dh ftanxh HkksxrhA ;g Hkkouk,¡ Fkha] ftUgksua s Lokeh th dks fdlku&lHkk rd igq¡pk;kA ysfdu] osnkarh] vkn'kZokn] laU;kfl;ksa dk ,dkarh thou vkSj mPp lnkpkj ds gkFk esa rjktw&;s ckrsa vc Hkh muds fnekx ij tcnZLr çHkko j[krh FkhaA blhfy, tc mudh viuh iqjkuh Hkkoqd o`fÙk;ksa ij fdlh vksj ls pksV igqp ¡ rh] y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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rks mudk dksey Hkkoqd ân; fryfeyk mBrkA bl fryfeykgV esa mudk ân; turk dh O;Fkkokys Hkkx dks Hkwy tkrk vkSj flQZ viuh rRdkyhu pksV dks ysdj iqu% 18 lky dh mez esa xkthiqj ls Hkkxus dk vfHku; djrkA 1931 esa fcgkj esa fdlkuksa dh nqn'Z kk dh dkaxl sz dh vksj ls tk¡p gqbAZ usrkvksa us yac& s yacs O;k[;ku fn,A ysfdu mlds ifj.kkeLo:i tks ifjorZu djus iM+r]s mu ij fcgkjh dkaxl zs &usrk tks fd [kqn tehankj Fks] vHkh nwj rd lksp ugha lds FksA 1932 ds vkanksyu esa Lokeh th 'kkfey ugha gq,A nksLrksa us cgqr dgk] exj mudk Hkkoqd ân; gtkjhckx ds tsy ds –'; dks Hkwy ugha ldrk FkkA ysfdu blh oDr nwljh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mifLFkr gqbZa vkSj vius ân; ds xgu dksus esa fNis Lokeh dks fQj ckgj vkus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+kA dqN voljoknh yksxksa us ,d vkSj fdlku&lHkk cukbZA fdlkuksa ds dqN Lo;aHkw usrk dkSfa ly esa bl udyh fdlku&lHkk dh enn ls fQj dksbZ dkuwu ikl djok ysuk pkgrs FksA bl le; dkSfa ly ds dkaxl zs h esEcj tsyksa esa can Fks] ;g muds fy, lqugjk volj FkkA bu Lo;aHkw fdlku&usrkvksa us & tks fd ljdkj vkSj tehankjksa ds gkFk esa [ksy jgs Fks & tehankjksa ds lkFk pqids&pqids ,d le>kSrk Hkh dj Mkyk Fkk vkSj pkgrs Fks fd mls ml udyh fdlku&lHkk ls eatjw djk fy;k tkosA 1933 dh tuojh ds e/; esa mä fdlku&lHkk dks cqykus dk fnu Hkh fuf'pr dj fy;k x;kA Lokeh th us cgqr vk'p;Z ls i=ksa esa bl lekpkj dks i<+kA dqN {kksHk Hkh gqvk] exj mUgksua s vius dks nck;kA ,d fdlku dk;ZdrkZ Lokeh th ds ikl nkSM& s+ nkSMs+ igqp ¡ s vkSj [krjs dh [kcj nsdj vkxs vkus ds fy, dgk & ^Lokeh th vkb,] ugha rks lkjk dke pkSiV gks tkosxkA* Lokeh th us –<+rkiwoZd ûgha* dgkA dk;ZdrkZ us cgqr rjg ls le>k;k] jkr dks nsj rd fxM+fxM+krs jgs exj Lokeh th dh ûgha* dks ugha cny ldsA fdlku dk;ZdrkZ dks ,d l[r QksMk+ fudyk gqvk Fkk vkSj ml ij ls cq[kkj Hkh Fkk] ftlds nnZ ds ekjs muds eqg¡ ls vkg fudyrh jgrh FkhA chp&chp esa Lokeh th ds ikl ysVs ml fuLrC/k jkf= esa muds eqg¡ ls 'kCn fudy vkrs & ^Lokeh th ugha pysx a \s ugha pyrs rks D;k djs!a * dk;ZdrkZ ds bu vkg Hkjs 'kCnksa us Lokeh th dks lkspus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA /khjs&/khjs mUgsa ekywe gksus yxk fd ;g vkg ,d fdlku dk;ZdrkZ dh ugha gS] ;g gS djksM& + djksM+ ihfM+r fdlkuksa ds fny dh vkgA losjs fcuk iwNs gh Lokeh th us dk;ZdrkZ ls dg fn;k & êSa pyw¡xkA*

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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xqykc ckx ¼iVuk½ esa mä lHkk dh rS;kjh FkhA fdlkuksa dh lHkk esa jktk lw#tiqjk vkSj feLVj lfPpnkuUn flag tSlksa dks Hkh cSBs ns[kdj Lokeh th dk ekFkk BudkA lHkk ds la;kstdksa esa ls ,d us ckcw xq#lgk; yky ls iwNk & ^;g D;k\* xq#lgk; yky us tehankjksa ds lkFk gq, le>kSrs dks Lokeh th ds lkeus j[kdj dgk & ^bls ikl gks tkuk pkfg,A* Lokeh th us le>kuk 'kq: fd;k fd ikl djkuk gS rks mls pksjh&pksjh ikl ugha djkuk pkfg,A çkUrh; fdlku&lHkk ekStnw gS] mlls ikl djkvks] nwljh rkjh[k eqdjZj djksA fQj le>kSrs dh ckr NsMh+ xbZA Lokeh th us dgk & ^le>kSrk fdlus fd;k gS\* jktk lkgc cksy mBs & ^;g rks dqN nks vkSj dqN yks dk loky gSA* Lokeh th us lh/kk tokc fn;k & ^gkFkh ds fy, ,d pkoy nsuk dqN Hkh ugha gS fdarq phaVh ds fy, og thus&ejus dk loky gSA* xq#lgk; yky dks Lokeh ds lkeus ncrs ns[k dj feyhHkxrokys yksxksa dks vlarks"k gqvkA uke/kkjh fdlku&lHkk ds ,d uke/kkjh eU=h us feLVj flag dks /kU;okn nsus ds fy, çLrko j[kuk pkgkA ml le; irk yxk fd lHkk cqykus esa feLVj flag dh mnkjrk lgk;d gqbZ gSA [kSj] pkgs tSls Hkh gks] yqd&fNi dj fdlkuksa dh lHkk cqyokbZ tkos] yksx Lokeh ds çHkko] muds rdZ vkSj Hkk"k.k&'kfä dks tkurs Fks] vkSj ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd Lokeh ds fojks/k djus ij dksbZ çLrko ikl ugha gks ldrkA flag lkgc dks /kU;okn ugha feyk] mldk fdruksa dks [ksn jgkA lHkk esa çLrko ikl gqvk fd le>kSrs ds elkSns dks Nkidj ck¡Vk tkos vkSj 30 ekpZ dks fdlku&lHkk dh cSBd dh tk;A mlh le; dkSfa ly dk Hkh vf/kos'ku gksus okyk FkkA fdlku&lHkk 30 ekpZ dks rhljs igj ls 10 cts jkr rd le>kSrs ds gj igyw ij fopkj djrh jgh vkSj loZlEefr ls çLrko ikl gqvk f'ko'kadj >k fdlkuksa ds çfrfuf/k ugha gS]a xq#lgk; yky dkSfa ly esa tkdj fcy dk fojks/k djs]a dksbZ bl rjg dk dkuwu ikl ugha gksuk pkfg,A ihNs xq#lgk; yky dh fgEer u gqbZA vc ml dk'rdkjh fcy dks ysdj lkjs fcgkj esa og Lej.kh; vk¡/kh pyh] ftlus lfn;ksa ls lks, fdlkuksa dh vk¡[kksa dks [kksy fn;kA tehankjksa vkSj ljdkj ds LusgHkktu xq#lgk; yky vkSj f'ko'kadj >k lHkk dj ds fdlkuksa dks le>kus dh dksf'k'k djrs exj Lokeh dh lHkkvksa vkSj muds çpkj ds lkeus dkSu fVdrk\ Lokeh th coaMj dh rjg fcgkj esa ?kwers gq, fdlkuksa ds fnyksa esa vkx yxk jgs Fks vkSj cryk jgs Fks fd dSls ihB ihNs xyk dkVus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA tehankj ml dkuwu dks ikl djkus ds fy, cgqr y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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mRlqd Fks D;ksfa d mlesa tehankjh esa 100 ,dM+ ij 10 ,dM+ viuh [kkl ftjkr ¼lhj½ esa ykus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k FkkA vkanksyu dk ;g Qy gqvk fd ml 10 lSdM+k ftjkr okyh ckr dks fudky nsuk iM+kA dkuwu ikl dj fn;k x;k vkSj dqN NksV& s eksVs vf/kdkj fdlkuksa dks feysA lcls cM+k Qk;nk ;g gqvk fd fdlkuksa dks Hkze esa ugha Mkyk tk ldk] Lokeh vkSj fdlku&lHkk dh ;g igyh lQyrk FkhA 1934 esa fcgkj esa Hkwdia vk;kA dkaxl zs &usrk tsyksa ls NwV dj ckgj pys vk,A lHkh ihfM+r&lgk;rk ds dke esa yx x,A xka/kh th Hkh iVuk vk, FksA Lokeh th us fQj muls jktuhfr&lac/a kh dqN loky iwN]s ftudk tokc Lokeh th dks bruk vlarks"ktud ekywe gqvk fd mUgksua s ogha xka/kh th ds lkeus xka/khokn dks vkf[kjh lyke fd;kA 1927 esa fdlku&lHkk xqeuke rkSj ij iSnk gqbZA 1929 esa çkar ds cM+& s cM+s dkaxl sz &usrkvksa dk mls lg;ksx vkSj vk'khokZn feykA vc og 7 lky dh FkhA bl chp mldk tks :i Li"V gksrk tk jgk Fkk] mlls tehankj] dkaxl sz h usrk 'kafdr gksus yxsA rRdkyhu fMDVsVj lR;ukjk;.k flag us uksfVl fudkyh fd fdlku&vkanksyu esa fdlh dkaxl zs h dks Hkkx ugha ysuk pkfg,A ;g Hkh irk yxk fd ftl le>kSrs ds fojks/k esa fcgkjh fdlkuksa dh bruh tcnZLr jk; gS] fdrus gh dkaxl zs h usrk mlds i{k esa gSAa mudh vksj ls Lokeh th ds fny ij ;g nwljk l[r /kDdk yxkA fdlku Hkwdia ds loZuk'kdkjh çHkko ls ,d vksj =kfg&=kfg dj jgs gSa vkSj ,d vksj fcgkj ds ,d tehankj lkgc vius vknfe;ksa ds uke ls ldqy Z j fudky jgs gSa fd tgk¡&tgk¡ fjyhQ ¼lgk;rk½ c¡V]s ogk¡&ogk¡ igqp ¡ s jgks vkSj mlh oä ekyxqtkjh olwy dj yksA fcgkj ds dfe'ujksa dh cSBd esa r; fd;k x;k fd tc rd dksbZ Hkh"k.k voLFkk ugha nh[k iM+s rc rd fdlkuksa dks NwV&NkV nsus dh t:jr ughaA njHkaxk dh tehankjh dh fdruh gh f'kdk;rsa Hksth xbZ]a ftl ij xka/kh th dgrs Fks & fxjhaæ eksgu feJ ¼njHkaxk jkT; ds lgk;d eSut s j½ vPNk vkneh gS] mlls dgks] og lHkh f'kdk;rsa nwj dj nsxkA fxjhaæ eksgu dkaxl sz h ekus tkrs FksA xka/kh th us ;g Hkh dgk fd gj ,d fdlku viuh f'kdk;rksa dks vyx&vyx fy[k dj nsA Lokeh th dks cgqr fujk'kk gqbZ] fdlkuksa dh lHkh rdyhQksa ds ckjs esa dkaxl sz h usrkvksa dks VkyeVksy djrs ns[kkA ;gha ls muds çfr Lokeh th dk Hkko cny x;kA

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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1935 esa fdlku&lHkk&dkSfa ly esa tehankjh çFkk dks mBk nsus dk çLrko j[kk x;kA Lokeh th us fojks/k fd;k & vHkh Hkh muds fny esa tehankjksa ds fy, dqN dksey LFkku FkkA Lokeh th ds fojks/k djus ij Hkh dkSfa ly us çLrko ikl dj fn;k ysfdu tc Lokeh th gVus yxs rks yksx ?kcjk x, vkSj çLrko dks ykSVk fy;k x;kA blds ckn gh vek¡ok jkT; dh tehankjh ds ipkl xk¡oksa esa fdlkuksa ij gksrs vR;kpkjksa dh Lokeh th us tk¡p dh] mUgsa mUgksua s vek¡ok ds jktk ds lkeus j[kkA gVk nsus dk opu feykA eSut s j ls 3-30 ?k.Vk ckr djus ds ckn Hkh tokc xksyeVksy jgkA Lokeh vuqHko dks viuk xq# ekurs gSAa bu ipkl xk¡oksa ds fdlkuksa ds Åij gksrs vR;kpkjksa dks vk¡[k ls ns[kdj vkSj lqyg&le>kSrs ds lkFk mlds gVkus ds fy, foQy ç;Ru gksus ds ckn mudh le> esa vk x;k fd tehankjh çFkk dks gVkuk gksxkA uoacj esa gkthiqj dh çkUrh; d‚UÝsl a esa mUgksua s [kqn tehankjh çFkk gVk nsus ds fy, çLrko ikl djk;kA 1936 esa y[kuÅ dkaxl sz ds oä igyk vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku&lEesyu gqvk vkSj Lokeh th mlds igys lHkkifr FksA ;gha fdlkuksa dk pkVZj rS;kj gqvk] ftlds dkj.k vxys lky QStiqj&dkaxl zs dks fdruh gh ckrsa Lohdkj djuh iM+hAa fdlkuksa dh tk¡p dk loky Hkh Lokeh th dkaxl zs ds lkeus yk,A fdrus gh yksx fojks/k dj jgs FksA tokgjyky us dgk & ^t:j ykuk pkfg,] ge blds fy, Lokeh th dks /kU;okn nsrs gSAa * y[kuÅ esa fdlku&tk¡p&desVh dk çLrko ikl gqvkA mlds vuqlkj fdrus gh çkarksa esa tk¡p gqbZA fjiksVZ Hkh rS;kj gqbAZ exj fcgkj ds dkaxl sz &usrk fdlku&vkanksyu dks dqN utnhd ls ns[k pqds Fks] blfy, os dku esa rsy Mky ysuk pkgrs FksA QStkiqj esa fQj iwNrkN gqbZ] vc D;k djrs\ tk¡p desVh ds fy, tc Lokeh th dk Hkh uke is'k fd;k x;k] rks çkUrh; dk;Zdkfj.kh ds nwljs esEcjksa us ;g dg dj fojks/ k fd;k fd fjiksVZ esa ge ,der pkgrs gSAa dkSfa ly ds u, pquko ds fy, dkaxl sz mEehnokj uketn djus yxhA çkUrh; usrk bl ckr dk iwjk /;ku j[krs Fks fd dksbZ fdlku&i{kh usrk u vk tkosA fd'kksjh çlUu flag ¼gekjs dkejsM½ tSls tcnZLr tufç; rFkk dkaxl sz dehZ ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha vkSj mudh txg ,d ,sls vkneh dks LFkku fn;k x;k] ftlus dkaxl zs esa dHkh dqN ugha fd;k vkSj Lo;a tehankj gksrs gq, ,d cM+h tehankjh dk eSut s j jgkA bl vU/ks [kkrs dks ns[k dj Lokeh th us çkUrh; dkaxl sz dk;Zdkfj.kh ls bLrhQk ns fn;kA ysfdu] dkaxl sz pquko esa ljdkjijLrksa y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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ls yksgk ysus tk jgh Fkh] ;g le> dj mUgksua s viuk bLrhQk ykSVk fy;kA Lokeh th us pquko ds fy, [kwc ifjJe fd;kA dkSfa ly ds iqjkus çslhMsVa vkSj ,d cM+s tehankj ckcw jtu/kkjh flag ¼Hkwfegkj½ ,d lk/kkj.k dkaxl sz dehZ ds lkeus pkjksa [kkus fpÙk gks x,A ,sls gh vkSj Hkh fdrus gh mnkgj.k ekStnw gq,A QStkiqj dkaxl zs ds le; ¼1936½ Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk dh nwljh d‚UÝsl a gqbAZ vc dh Lokeh th tujy lsØVs jh gq,A rc ls Lokeh th ¼tc dHkh Hkkjrh; fdlku&lHkk ds lHkkifr ugha gq,½ tujy lsØVs jh cjkcj cus jgsA Hkkjr esa fdlku&vkanksyu vc Lokeh th ds thou dk ,d vfHkUu vax cu x;kA rhljh d‚UÝsl a ¼dqfeYyk½ ds Lokeh th lHkkifr gq,A fdlkuksa dh ftu&ftu yM+kb;ksa esa Lokeh th us Hkkx ysdj usrR` o fd;k] muesa ls ,d&,d ds fy, ,d&,d iksFkh fy[kh tk ldrh gS] ¼vkSj og bl ys[k dk fo"k; ugha gS½ cM+fg;kVky ¼eqx a js ½ ds fdlku&la?k"kZ esa Lokeh th lkFkh dk;kZuUn dh lgk;rk esa igqp ¡ s jgrsA njeiqj ¼fcgkj 'kjhQ½ ds fdlkuksa ds ladV esa Lokeh th lkFk FksA lksygaMk dks yhft, ;k jsoM+k dks] ef>;kok¡ dks yhft, ;k veokjh dks lHkh txg Lokeh th fdlkuksa dk mRlkg c<+krs FksA ;g yM+kb;k¡ vc dkaxl zs &fefuLVjh ds tekus esa gks jgh FkhaA dkaxl sz &fefuLVjh vkSj dkaxl sz h cM+s usrk vc vius vlyh :i esa lkeus vk jgs FksA mUgksua s Lokeh th dks fxj¶rkj djk ds vius dks cnuke djuk ilan ugha fd;k] ysfdu vkSj rjg ls Lokeh th dks uhpk fn[kkus esa dksbZ dlj mBk ugha j[khA mUgsa vuq'kklu ds uke ij dkaxl sz ls lkyksa ds fy, ckgj dj fn;k x;kA dkaxl sz h v[kckj Lokeh th ds f[kykQ dqN Hkh vuki&'kuki cksyus ds fy, LorU= Fks ysfdu Lokeh th us dHkh bldh ijokg u dhA mUgksua s fdlkuksa ds fy, ¼etnwjksa ds fy,½ viuk thou viZ.k fd;k gSA mudh j.k&xtZuk dks lqu dj fdlkuksa ds fny cfYy;ksa mNyus yxrs vkSj tkfye&tehankjksa ds çk.k lw[kus yxrs gSAa os deZe; gSAa lk{kkr ns[kus ij pqi jgrs le; ij mudh vk¡[ksa cksyrh ekywe gksrh gSa] xkyksa ij mNyrh g¡lh vR;kpkfj;ksa dk ifjgkl djrh gS] jks,¡&jks,¡ ltx gks dqN vkokt&lh fudkyrs fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSAa egk;q) vk;kA Lokeh th us lkezkT;oknh ;q) ds ckjs esa gj rjg ds le>kSrs dk fojks/k fd;kA jkex<+ esa ¼vçSy 1940½ fn, gq, O;k[;ku ds fy, mu ij eqdnek pyk;k x;k vkSj 3 lky dh ltk gqbZA ftl oä fgVyj us lksfo;r :l ij geyk fd;k] mlh oä gj ,d pht dks fdlku vkSj 'kksf"kr oxZ ds fgr dh –f"V ls ns[kus okys Lokeh th dks ;g le>us esa nsj ugha gqbZ y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fd vc ;q) dk Lo:i cny x;k] vkt QkflLVokn ds fot;h gksus ij fdlkuksa ds fy, dksbZ vk'kk ugha] etnwjksa ds fy, dksbZ vk'kk ugha] Hkkjr tSls ijrU= ns'k dh LorU=rk pkgusokyh turk dks dksbZ vk'kk ughaA Lokeh th us vius lgdfeZ;ksa dks cqyk dj vkSj nwljs tfj, ls bls le>k;kA ekpZ 1942 esa le; ls dqN igys Lokeh th tsy ls NksM+ fn, x,A dkaxl zs ds fdrus gh fojks/kh Hkkb;ksa us dguk 'kq: fd;k fd Lokeh th ljdkj dks opu ns dj NwVs gSAa Lokeh th fdlh dks opu ugha nsrs & mUgksua s viuk opu flQZ fdlkuksa vkSj Hkkjr dh 'kksf"kr turk dks fn;k gS] vkSj mls os vkf[kj rd fuckgsx a As 9 vxLr ds ¼1942½ LorU=rk ;q) ds uke ij tks vkRegR;k&dkaM 'kq: gqvk] Lokeh th us mldk l[r fojks/k fd;k ;|fi blds fy, Hkh fojksf/k;ksa us fry dk rkM+ cukus esa dksbZ dlj ugha mBk j[khA fdlku tkurs gSa & mudk Lokeh fuHkZ; gS] tsy D;k] e`R;q Hkh mls Mjk ugha ldrhA fdlku tkurs gS]a mudk Lokeh fuyksHZ k gS] mlus pj.kke`r ihus okys ljksa vkSj egkjktkvksa dks nqRdkj fn;kA fdlku tkurs gS]a mudk Lokeh mudh vkokt dks nqfu;k ds lkeus j[kus esa x+tc dh 'kfä j[krk gSA fQj os Lokeh ij D;ksa u fo'okl djs]a D;ksa u U;ksNkoj gks\a gk¡] Lokeh esa nks"k Hkh gSa & dkSu ugha tkurk fd xqLlk esa os f}rh; nqokZlk gSa ysfdu fny fdruk e/kqj] fdruk ljy gS! fcyS;k naMorokys dHkh&dHkh mls /kks[ks esa Mky nsrs gSa ysfdu egku mís'; ls mls tjk Hkh fopfyr ugha dj ldrsA vkSj lHkh naMkSfr;ksa dks igpkuus dh mlds ikl ,d tcnZLr dlkSVh gSA fdlku vkSj 'kksf"kr turk ds fy, tks oLrqr% ejus&thusokyk gS cl ogh mldk viuk jgsxkA mldk i<+k osnkar vkSj cky dh [kky fudkyus okyh iqjkuh iksfFk;k¡ vc cgqr dqN Hkwy&lh xbZ gSa exj dHkh&dHkh og vutkus esa /kj nckus dk ç;kl djrh gS] vkSj ml le; Lokeh th dqN fopfyr&ls nh[k iM+rs gSAa ysfdu vc og mu iksfFk;ksa ds gkFk esa ugha jg x, gS]a vc og gSa lk/kkj.k turk ds fgrksa ds gkFk esAa

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fdlkuksa ds çfr ge fdrus lpsr &_f"k vthr ik.Ms; [ksrh fdlkuh esa ladV vkSj raxgkyh ls fdlkuksa dh ns'k esa gks jgh [kqndq'kh vkt ,d QS'kuscy ppkZ cu dj jg xbZ gSA cl ,d nks fnu ehfM;k iSuy esa ,DliVZ ds lax xzqi fMLdlu vkSj mlds ckn pkSrjQk lUukVkA leL;k T;ksa dh R;ksAa ysfdu vkt ftl rjg ls [ksrh ij ladV ds ckny Nk jgs gSa og esjs [k;ky ls ns'k dh lcls xaHkhj leL;k gSA ftl ij 'kgjh e/;eoxZ ugha lksprkA og rc 'kksj epkrk gS tc vkVs nky ds Hkko c<+ tkrs gSAa fofo/krkvksa ls Hkjs gekjs ns'k esa vyx&vyx {ks=ksa esa fdlkuksa dh leL;k,¡ Hkh vyx&vyx gSAa og dsoy [ksrh] mit vkSj iSnkokj rd gh lhfer ugha gSA fdlku leL;kvksa ij cgqr xgjs tk dj lkspus dh t:jr gSA mlds lkFk gh ns'k ds uhfr fu;arkvksa dks ,d foLr`r vkSj dkjxj dk;Z;kstuk cukus dh t:jr gSA tks okLro esa t:jreanksa rd igq¡pAs vkt gksrk D;k gS fd ns'k ds usrk dSfcusV esa fdlkuksa ds fy, fu;e dkuwu dh ?kks"k.kk dj nsrs gS]a ftls iwjk djuk gksrk gS C;wjksØl s h dksA og mlesa fnypLih ml rjg ls ugha ysrAs ifj.kkeLo:i ijLij fuxjkuh ds vHkko esa ;kstuk dk caVk<kj gks tkrk gSA

[ksrh dks ?kkVs ds lkSns ls mckjuk gksxk vkt ;g ,d vke /kkj.kk gS fd [ksrh fdlkuh ?kkVs dk /ka/kk gSA [ksrh dh mit ls thou pykuk vkSj xqtj clj djuk yxHkx vlaHko gSA NksVh tksr ds fdlkuksa ij lcls T;knk ekj iM+rh gSA muds vk; ds lzkrs de gksrs gSAa ekSle dh ekj Hkh mUgsa gh lcls vf/kd >syuh iM+rh gSA lw[kk vkSj ck<+ ls lcls T;knk rckg ogh gksrs gSAa dtZ ysdj [ksrh djuk vkSj mit ugha gksus ij nksxqus dtZ esa Mwc tkukA vk; dh deh vkSj nksxuq s dtZ ls ?kksj fujk'kk esa muds lkeus [kqndq'kh djus ds vykok dksbZ pkjk ugha gksrkA ljdkjh enn dh bUgsa gh lcls vf/kd njdkj gksrh gSA tks bUgsa le; ij feyrh ughaA

fdlkuksa dh lkekftd leL;k vkt dksbZ Hkh i<+k fy[kk O;fä [ksrh fdlkuh ugha djuk pkgrkA D;ksfa d ;g lkekftd utfj;k gh gS fd fdlku eryc fiNM+kA tks iwjs ns'k dk isV Hkjrk gS] ftl is'ks dks ftruh bTtr feyuh pkfg,] og ugha feyrhA [ksrh fdlkuh ls tkx:d] lpsr vkSj cqf)eku yksx nwj gksrs tkrs gSAa fdlkuh og djrk gS ftlds ikl dksbZ pkjk ugha cpk gksrkA blds vykok fdlkuksa esa ,d tqVrk dk vHkko gSA os tkfr vkSj /keZ ds uke ij rks ,d tqV gks tkrs y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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gSAa ysfdu [ksrh vkSj fdlkuh dh leL;k ds çfr ,dtqV gks dj vkokt cqyna ugha djrsA

Hkwfe lq/kkj ds çfr dksbZ ny xaHkhj ugha Hkwfe lq/kkj vkt ds fdlkuksa dh cM+h t:jr gSA bldks ysdj dksbZ Hkh ny xaHkhj ugha gSA tks xjhc vkSj oafpr rcdk gS] tks nwljs ds [ksrksa esa vUu mitkrk gS- etnwjh djrk gS] ogh vlyh fdlku gSA [ksr ij mlds [kqn dk LokfeRo gksuk pkfg,A og fdlku gks dj Hkh etnwj gh jgrk gSA Hkwfe lq/kkj dqN gn rd if'pe caxky esa dE;qfuLV 'kklu ds nkSjku gqvkA bldk ekdik dks Qk;nk Hkh feykA mlus djhc lk<+s rhu n'kdksa rd if'pe caxky ij jkt fd;kA ;w-ih-] fcgkj] >kj[kaM tSls tfVy lkekftd lajpukokys bykdksa esa çHkkoh Hkwfe lq/kkj cgqr t:jh gSA blds cnkSyr gh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd lekurk ds ckjs esa lkspk tk ldrk gS ysfdu ;g nqHkkZX; gS fd bu jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa bl fn'kk esa fcydqy ugha lksp jgh gSAa

lkekftd lqj{kk ij xaHkhj cgl dh t:jr fdlkuh ,d dBksj esgur dk is'kk gSA th tku ls [ksrh djus ds ckn Hkh vxj fdlkuksa dh ftanxh esa vkfFkZd lq/kkj ugha gks jgk] rks ns'k dks pyk jgs usrk vkSj vQljksa dh dk;Zç.kkyh esa Hkkjh pwd gSA gesa [ksrh fdlkuh esa yxs yksxksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk nsuh gksxhA gesa mUgsa ;g ,glkl fnykuk gksxk fd fdlku gekjs fy, [kkl gSAa mUgsa lEeku feysxkA mudh leL;kvksa dk Rofjr funku gksxkA ljdkj xaHkhj gSA blds vykok dkjiksjVs vkSj e/;e oxZ dks Hkh viuh lkekftd ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fuHkkus ds fy, vkxs vkuk gksxkA gesa fdlkuksa dh [kqndq'kh ds ckn lgk;rk nsus ds ctk; ,slk ekgkSy cukus dh t:jr gS fd os [kqndq'kh djas gh ughaA

i'kqikyu dks vf/kd ls vf/kd c<+kok nsuk i'kqikyu ls udnh vk; gksrh gSA blfy, ljdkj dks i'kqikyu dks vf/kd ls vf/kd çksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A i'kqikyu rFkk nqX/k mRiknu ls fdlkuksa ds gkykr esa lq/kkj gks ldrk gSA blds vykok ljdkj dks bl ckr dk Hkh bartke djuk pkfg, fd og vius mRikn pkgs og Qy] nw/k ;k fQj vukt gks og lh/ks ljdkj dks ;k fQj 'kgjksa esa lh/ks csp ldsA fcpkSfy;ksa ds ikl tkus dh ukScr gh ugha vk,A D;ksfa d xzkgd vkSj fdlku ds chp dk lkjk equkQk fcpkSfy;s mBk ysrs gSAa fygktk tgk¡ xzkgdksa ls dher vf/kd olwyh tkrh gS ogha fdlkuksa dks muds mRiknksa dh dher de feyrh gSA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fdlku ekspkZ vkSj fdlku ncko lewgksa dk mHkkj t:jh vyx&vyx nyksa esa fdlku çdks"B vkSj etnwj çdks"B cuk, tkrs gSa ysfdu mudh Hkwfedk çHkkoh ugha gksrhA blfy, tgk¡ lw[kk] vdky vkSj ck<+ dk çdksi gS] ogk¡ fdlku laxBuksa dh lfØ;rk t:jh gSA rkfd os ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ij /;ku j[ksAa vkt Hkh if'peh ;wih vkSj gfj;k.kk dks NksM+ dj laxfBr fdlku ;wfu;u dgha vkdkj ugha ys ik;kA blfy, bu laxBuksa dks eq[kj djus dh t:jr gSA

fdlku vkRe gR;kvksa ij ,d utj & jk"Vªh; vijk/k fjd‚MZ C;wjks ¼,u-lh-vkj-ch-½ ds vk¡dM+kas ds eqrkfcd o"kZ 2013 esa 11]744 fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k dh tcfd 2012 esa 13]754 fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k dh FkhA & Hkkjr esa T;knkrj fdlku dtZ ykxr c<+u]s flapkbZ ds vHkko] dherksa esa deh vkSj Qly ds cckZn gksus ds pyrs vkRegR;k dk jkLrk pqurs gSAa 1995 ls ysdj vc rd 2]96]438 fdlku vkRegR;k dj pqds gSAa & vkRegR;k djus okyksa esa ls 7]653 fdlku ik¡p vge jkT;ks& a egkjk"Vª] vka/kz çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] e/;çns'k vkSj dukZVd ds FksA ns'k Hkj esa vkRegR;k djusokyksa esa nks frgkbZ fdlku bUgha jkT;ksa ls gSAa & vehj jkT; egkjk"Vª esa lcls T;knk 3]146 fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k dhA 12osa lky egkjk"Vª fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k ds ekeys esa V‚i ij gSA jkT; esa 1995 ls vc rd 60]750 fdlku vkRegR;k dj pqds gSAa

vkRegR;k dh otgsa & Hkkjrh; [ksrh ij nf{k.k&if'pe ekuwlu dk vge çHkko iM+rk gS] ekulwu dh deh fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k dk eq[; dkj.k gSA & udnh Qly ds fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k ds T;knkrj ekeyksa esa dtZ ykxr dk c<+uk] flapkbZ dk rjhdk vkSj Qly dk mfpr nke ugha feyus dh Hkwfedk T;knk gksrh gSA

orZeku ,uMh, ljdkj dh csdkj —f"k uhfr 2014 esa vke pquko ls igys fdlku leL;kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, cM+& s cM+s okns djus okyh Hkktik 'kklu esa vkus ds ckn iwjh rjg ls fuf"Ø; gks xbZ gSA dsæa h; —f"k ea=h jk/kk eksgu flag dks u rks fdlku leL;kvksa dh le> gS vkSj u og muds çfr laons u'khy gSAa egkjk"Vª esa fdlkuksa dh [kqndq'kh ds lac/a k esa loky iwNs tkus ij mUgksua s dgk fd mudh vkRegR;k,¡ çse çlaxksa vkSj uiqld a rk ds dkj.k vf/kd gSA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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eFkqjk esa fdlku vkUnksyu % ,d fogaxe n`f"V &f”konRr prqosZnh ;w¡ rks c`t Hkwfe dk dsUnz tuin&eFkqjk /keZ] laLd`fr] dyk] laxhr] LFkkiR;] ewfrZ f”kYi vkSj n”kZu dh foosdrk okyk izn”s k iqjkdky ls gh jgk gS] ij 18&20 lnh ds nkSjku ;gk¡ [ksrh fdlkuh dh tn~nkstgn ds okd;s Hkh yksxksa ds tgu esa cus jgs gSAa ^dalRo* ds fo#) d`f’k vkSj i”kqikyu ls tqMs+ tuksa dk lkeqnkf;d izfrdkj gh d`’.k pfj= dk c`t Hkwfe ls tqMk+ ljksdkj gSA izfrdkj dh vfHkO;fDr jktRo ds midj.kksa ¼jFkks]a lsukvks]a djolwyh vkfn½ ls u djds Jhd`’.k Ik”kqpkj.k] os.kqukn] ckye.My] jklu`R; vkfn ls djrs gq, d`f’k o Ik”kqikyu ls tqMs+ yksxksa dh yksd laLd`fr dk mUes"k djds] fojks/k dks lkeUrh Øwjrk ds izfrdkj esa laxfBr djrs gq, fn[krs gSAa bl lEcU/k esa lkeUrokn ds izfr HkfDr vkUnksyu ds lwQh lUr ftl vuqHkwfr dks cqyUn j[krs Fks mldk ,d pfpZr mnkgj.k v’VNki ds dfo;ksa esa ize[q k dqEHkunkl th gSAa ftuds lEcU/k esa yksd Jqfr gS fd tc lezkV vdcj us viuh jkt/kkuh Qrsgiqj lhdjh ds fy, mUgsa vkefU=r fd;k rks mUgksua s O;fFkr gksdj fy[kk& ^^laru dgk lhdjh lkSa dke! vkor tkr iUgS;k VwVas fclj tk; gfjukeA** vFkkZr jkt/kkuh ls lar dks D;k ljksdkj] vkus&tkus esa pIiysa f?klsxa h ¼HkkSfrd {kfr½ vkSj vk/;kfRed {kfr Hktu NwV tkus ls gksxhA ;g euksHkko gh c`t Hkko gS ftlesa lkeUrokn dk fojks/k vkSj frjLdkj rFkk Xoky&xksih i{k/kjrk gSA lu~ 1857 ls lkezkT; okn ds fo#) yksd izfrdkj ds izR;sd nkSj esa eFkqjk&tuin fdlku la?k’kksaZ dh >k¡fd;k¡ is”k djrk jgk gSA vktknh ls iwoZ 1936 esa laxfBr fdlku vkUnksyu dk igyk Lo:Ik y[kuÅ dkaxl sz ds volj ij vk;ksftr lEesyu esa fdlku lHkk ds :Ik esa feyk] gkyk¡fd blls iwoZ 1930&31 ds nkSjku pfpZr {ks=h; fdlku vkUnksyu dk o.kZu tuin&eFkqjk ds ofj’B LorU=rk lsukuh Lo0 jkethnkl xqIrk bu iafDr;ksa ds ys[kd ls fd;k djrs FksA muds eqrkfcd tuin&eFkqjk dh ekaV&rglhy ds dwjxs k xk¡o esa Øslj Fkk vkSj Øslj ls {ks= ds xUuk fdlku okcLrk FksA ;g fj”rk “kks’k.kdkjh “krksaZ ij fVdk FkkA ml oDr ds cM+s okeiaFkh usrkvksa esa MkW0 dq¡oj eksgEen v”kjQ if.Mr usg: ds utnhdh FksA mudk eFkqjk esa llqjky gqvk djrk FkkA muds tsjs vlj eFkqjk esa lkeUr fojks/kh psruk dk izdk”k QSyuk gh FkkA MkW0 jkethnkl y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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xqIrk ds vuqlkj MkW0 ds0,e0 v”kjQ dh vxqokbZ esa Øslj dkexkjksa dk vkUnksyu ^fgtjr* uke ls gqvk FkkA blesa dkexkjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh lgHkkfxrk ls dkexkjksa us Øslj ls iyk;u dj ugj ij Msjk Mky fn;k Fkk] Øslj dh ;g gM+rky Fkh] ckn esa dkexkjksa vkSj Øslj ekfydksa esa dkexkj rglhy le>kSrk gqvkA eFkqjk dksbZ vkS|ksfxd ftyk ugha Fkk] fdlku vkUnksyu dh ;gk¡ lEHkkouk cuh jghA ;g lu~ ljtw ik.Ms; fdlku usrk 1940 dk nkSj gksxk ftu fnuksa dkW0 ih0lh0 tks”kh Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds egklfpo Fks] ikVhZ eq[ki= vkSj lkfgR; fcØh esa dkW0 gjizlkn cgqr lfØ; FksA mUgksua s fdlku lHkk dk cksMZ yxkdj eFkqjk ds tujyxat bykds esa ,d eqxhZ ikyu dsUnz “kq: fd;k vkSj fdlku lHkk ds dk;kZy; dk lapkyu fd;kA ;g LFky djhc 6 n”kd rd yky >aMk dk;kZy; ds rkSj ij dE;qfuLV xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsUnz jgkA bl dsUnz us eFkqjk&tuin dh ekaV] lknkckn vkSj eFkqjk rglhyksa esa yky >aMk ygjkgdj fdlku vkUnksyuksa dk flyflyk cuk, j[kkA Nkrk&rglhy ;w¡ rks lektoknh izHkko esa jgh gS ijUrq lqxj fey dh LFkkiuk ds ckn rglhy ds gj fdlku vkUnksyu esa fdlku lHkk ds yky >aMs dh ekStnw xh jgh gSA lgiÅ vkSj lknkckn esa le;&le; ij fdlku vkUnksyu yky >aMs ds rys pysA dkW0 oklqnos vks>k fczfV”k jkT; esa dbZ ckj tsyksa esa jgs Fks] os dE;qfuLV ikVhZ o fdlku lHkk esa dkQh lfØ; jgs] lkFk gh Nk= thou ls LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa tqMs+ okeiaFkh usrk MkW0 nkeksnj flag ;kno dk uke mYys[kuh; gS] djhc lk<+s rhu n”kd yky >aMk vkUnksyu ls tqMs+ mu yksxksa esa ls os Fks ftUgksua s dE;qfuLV usrk ds :Ik esa ,slh [;kfr vftZr dh tks {ks= esa fdlh vU; dks izkIr ugha gks ldhA xk¡o g;kriqj tks bl le; rglhy egkou ds vUrxZr gS] ds vkl&ikl dk {ks= Hkh yky >aMk vkUnksyu dk vPNk dsUnz jgk FkkA dkW0 izrki flag eFkqjk&tuin esa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds “kq:vkrh lg;ksfx;ksa esa fxus tkrs gS]a os fnoaxr gksus rd eFkqjk ds fdlku fuokl ds izcU/kd jgs vkSj fdlku lHkk ds vkUnksyu dks vkxs c<+k;kA cYnso {ks= esa ipkoj xzke iapk;r ds uxykyksdk ls dkW0 fxjkZt Lokeh BsB yksd xk;d Fks ftUgksua s fdlku lHkk ds fy, cgqr o’kksa Z rd ØkfUrdkjh xhr xkdj mRlkg dk okrkoj.k rS;kj fd;k FkkA eFkqjk&rglhy dk Qjg {ks= fdlku lHkk ds dkQh izHkko esa jgk FkkA xzke cjkjh] HkkgbZ] fiijksB] x<+hjkecy] efydiqj] uxyk egknso] >qykobZ] mLQkj ,sls xk¡o jgs gSa ftuesa M+<s + n”kd iwoZ rd laHkor% dksbZ ?kj ,slk uk Fkk ftldk dksbZ uk dksbZ lnL; fdlku lHkk ds vkUnksyu esa lfØ; y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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uk jgk gksA dkW0 txu izlkn vkSj dkW0 “kadjyky ikBd tSls ris rik;s lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk dkW0 njksxk flag ¼xksokeqfDr lsukuh½ ckck d<+: s flag] dju flag] dkW0 ihre] dkW0 [kwcpUn] dkW0 fpUrkef.k] dkW0 egkjkt flag] vkSj dkW0 NksVs yky pkSgku ,sls mYys[kuh; fdlku dk;ZdrkZ jgs ftUgksua s reke eqlhcrsa mBkus ds ckotwn fdlku vkUnksyu dks detksj ugha gksus fn;kA NBs n”kd dh ckr gS] Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ vkSj lksf”kfyLV ikVhZ us la;Dq r tsy Hkjks vkUnksyu fd;k FkkA [kk| vkUnksyu ds rgr ftu lkfFk;ksa dh fxj¶Rkkjh gqbZ os vf/kdka”k fdlku dk;ZdrkZ gh FksA bl ekeys esa fxj¶rkj fdlku lkfFk;ksa dh fjgkbZ ds fy, fnoaxr ekDlZ oknh lklan lk/kuxqIr ¼dksydRrk gkbZdksV½Z eFkqjk ftyk dksVZ esa ikVhZ usrR` o }kjk fo”ks’k rkSj ij Hksts x;s FksA lkrosa n”kd ds Hkwfe vkUnksyu esa eFkqjk&tuin esa fdlku lHkk us tks drZO; fd, mldh ppkZ ckn rd dh tkrh jgh gSA gklkuUn xkSpj Hkwfe VªLV ds dCts ls /kkSjjs k xk¡o iapk;r dh 660 ,dM+ Hkwfe eqDr djkus dh yM+kbZ n”kdksa tkjh jghA Nkrk phuh fey dh LFkkiuk ds ckn lu~ 1978&79 esa rjkSyh esa fdlku lHkk us xUuk mRiknd lax dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj blds }kjk yEch&yEch Hkw[k gM+rkysa /kjuk izn”kZu o tsy Hkjks vkUnksyu fd, x,A Nkrk&pkSegq k¡ o uUnxk¡o fodkl [k.Mksa dk dksbZ Hkkx vkUnksyu o jktuSfrd izpkj ls vNwrk uk jgkA uUnxk¡o fodkl [k.M esa lh0ih0,e0 dh fdlku lHkk dk izHkko jgk gSA ukSg>hy vkSj cYnso esa Hkh lh0ih0,e0 dk izHkko jgkA “ks’k tuin esa Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ uhr fdlku lHkk dk izHkko FkkA Nkrk ds xUuk mRiknd vkUnksyu esa dkW0 n`xiky flag fllksfn;k] dkW0 ckcwyky] dkW0 osnjke] dkW0 caxkyh] dkW0 lksguyky] dkW0 euksgj Hkxr] dkW0 izhre] dkW0 f”koflag] dkW0 mek”kadj “kekZ] dkW0 iape iz/kku] dkW0 yTtkjke] dkW0 jkexksiky eFkqfj;k] dkW0 txnh”k vkfn lkfFk;ksa us c<+p<+ dj Hkkx fy;k Fkk ftuesa ls dkW0 Nhrj flag lkeus vk, tks vHkh Hkh fdlku lHkk ds >.Ms dks Fkkes gq, gSAa ,Dlizl s &os dks ysdj tks fdlku fonzkgs eFkqjk tuin esa gky ds o’kksa Z esa gq, gSa muesa fdlh Hkh yky >aMk /kkjh fdlku lHkk dh Hkwfedk ugha fn[kk gSA gk¡] vkBosa n”kd dh ml pfpZr fdlku lHkk dk mYys[k lehphu gS ftlds rgr gtkjksa ladYi i= fdlkuksa ls Hkjk, x,] lSdM+kas xk¡oksa esa jkf= izokl vkSj lHkk,¡ laxfBr dh xbZaA bl fdlku gM+rky esa djhc 80 xk¡o lHkkvksa esa eSa Lo;a gh cl ;k lkbZfdyksa ls Hkkx ys jgk FkkA dkW0 “kadj yky ikBd ds usrR` o esa laxfBr bl fdlku gM+rky us eafM;ksa esa r;lqnk le; ls vkod ij vlj NksMk+ Fkk vkSj fdlku psruk dks >d>ksjus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA bl gM+rky dk lekiu ,d cM+h jSyh ds lkFk gqvk Fkk ftls dkW0 ljtw ikaMs vkSj fdlku lHkk ds egkea=h ,0ih0 frokjh us lEcksf/kr fd;k FkkA foxr M+<s + n”kd ls dE;qfuLV vkUnksyu dh iLrh dk vlj fdlku vkUnksyuksa esa Hkh fn[kk gSA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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vaxt zs h gqdew r vkSj fdlku vkUnksyu 1857&1947 *mifuos'kokn ds v/khu Hkkjrh; dk'rdkjh O;oLFkk* vaxzstksa }kjk Hkkjrh; dk'rdkjh O;oLFkk esa vR;f/kd cnyko fd, tkus ls ns'k ds dk'rdkjh txr esa gypy iSnk gks xbZ rFkk Hkkjrh; fdlku fu/kZurk dh csfM+;ksa ls tdM+ x,A mifuos'kokn ds v/khu Hkkjrh; Økarh flag ukuk ikfVy dk'rdkjh dh fu/kZurk ds fuEu çeq[k dkj.k Fks& & mifuos'koknh vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡A & Hkkjrh; gLrf'kYi ds fouk'k ls Hkwfe ij vR;f/kd nckoA & u;h yxku O;oLFkkA & mifuos'koknh ç'kklfud ,oa U;kf;d O;oLFkkA Hkkjrh; fdlku yxku dh Å¡ph njks]a xSj dkuwuh djks]a HksnHkkoiw.kZ csn[kyh ,oa tehankjh gyd+kas esa csxkj tSlh cqjkb;ksa ls [kkSQT+knk FksA jS;rokM+h gydksa esa ljdkj us [+kqn fdlkuksa ij Hkkjh dj ykn fn, FksA bu vusd dfBukb;ksa ds cks> ls ncs fdlku] viuh jksth&jksVh ds ,dek= lk/ku dks cpkus ds fy, egktuksa ls dT+kZ ysus ds fy, etcwj gks tkrs FksA ;s egktu mUgsa vR;ar Å¡ph njksa ij dT+kZ nsdj mUgsa dT+kZ ds tky esa Qk¡l ysrs FksA dbZ ekSdk+ as ij ij rks fdlkuksa dks viuh Hkwfe ,oa i'kq Hkh fxjoh j[kus iM+rs FksA dHkh&dHkh ;s lwn[kksj ;k egktu fdlkuksa dh fxjoh j[kh xbZ tk;nkn dks Hkh tCr dj ysrs FksA bu lHkh dkj.kksa ls fdlku /khjs&/khjs fu/kZu yxkunkrk rFkk etnwj cu dj jg x,A cgqr ls fdlkuksa us fdlkuh dk dke NksM+ fn;k] [ksr dh tehu [kkyh iM+h jgus yxh rFkk [ksrh dh iSnkokj de gksus yxhA dHkh&dHkh fdlkuksa us cx+kor Hkh fd;k rFkk tYn gh os bl urhts ij igqp ¡ s fd mudk [kkl nq'eu mifuos'koknh gqdew r gSA dHkh&dHkh flre dh bfUrgk gks tkus ij fdlkuksa us vkijkf/kd dk;Z Hkh fd,A bu vijk/kksa esa MdSrh] ywV ,oa gR;k,¡ tSlh ?kVuk,¡ 'kkfey FkhaA

'kq:vkrh fdlku vkUnksyu

uhy vkanksyu 1859&60 vaxt zs ksa ds 'kkludky esa fdlkuksa dk igyk tq>k: ,oa laxfBr cx+kor uhy cx+kor FkkA 1859&60 bZ- esa caxky esa gq, bl cxkor us eq[kkfyQr dh ,d felky gh d+k;e dj nhA ;wjksih; cktkjksa dh ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, uhy mRikndksa us fdlkuksa dks uhy dh y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fcuk ykHk dh [ksrh ds fy, etcwj fd;kA ftl mitkÅ tehu ij pkoy dh vPNh [ksrh gks ldrh Fkh] ml ij fdlkuksa dh fuj{kjrk dk ykHk mBkdj >wBs djkj }kjk uhy dh [ksrh djok;h tkrh FkhA djkj ds oä ekewyh lh jde is'kxh ds rkSj ij nh tkrh Fkh vkSj /kks[kk nsdj mldh dher cktkj Hkko ls de vkadh tkrh FkhA vkSj] ;fn fdlku is'kxh okil djds rckgdkjh ls NqVdkjk ikus dk dksf'k'k dkejsM lwjt izlkn Hkh djrk Fkk rks mls ,slk ugha djus fn;k tkrk FkkA ckn esa gqdew r dh fuxjkuh esa iy jgs uhy mRikndksa us rks djkj fy[kokuk Hkh NksM+ fn;k vkSj yBSrksa dks ikydj muds tfj, ls tcjnLrh uhy dh [ksrh 'kq: dj nhA os fdlkuksa dk vigj.k] xSj dkuwuh csn[kyh] ykfB;ksa ls ihVuk] mudh ,oa Qlyksa dks tykus tSls csjge gFkdaMs viukus yxsA uhy vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr 1859 ds chp esa cM+s ukVdh; <ax ls gqbAZ ,d ljdkjh vkns'k dks le>us esa Hkwydj dykjksok ds fMIVh eSftLVªVs us iqfyl foHkkx dks ;g r; djus dk vkns'k fn;k] ftlls fdlku viuh bPNkuqlkj Hkwfe ij mRiknu dj ldsAa cl] tYn gh fdlkuksa us uhy mRiknu ds f[kykQ vftZ;k¡ nsuh 'kq: dj nhaA ij] tc bl ij vey ugha gqvk rks *fnxEcj fo'okl* ,oa *fo".kq fo'okl* ds usrR` o esa ukfn;k ftys ds xksfoaniqj xk¡o ds fdlkuksa us cxkor dj fn;kA tc ljdkj us tcjnLrh djus dh dksf'k'k dh rks fdlku Hkh ekjdkV ij mrj vk,A bl ?kVuk ls çsfjr gksdj vklikl ds {ks=ksa ds fdlkuksa us Hkh mRikndksa ls vfxze ysu]s djkj djus rFkk uhy dh [ksrh djus ls badkj dj fn;kA ckn esa fdlkuksa us tehankjksa ds vf/ kdkjksa dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, mUgsa yxku vnk djuk Hkh can dj fn;kA ;g fLFkfr iSnk gksus ds i'pkr uhy mRikndksa us fdlkuksa ds f[kykQ eqdnes nk;j djuk 'kq: dj fn, rFkk eqdnes yM+us ds fy, /ku ,d= djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA cnys esa fdlkuksa us Hkh uhy mRikndksa dh f[kner esa yxs yksxksa dk lkekftd cfg"dkj 'kq: dj fn;kA blls fdlku rkdroj gksrs x, rFkk uhy mRiknd vdsys iM+rs x,A caxky ds cqf)thfo;ksa us bl vkanksyu esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA mUgksua s fdlkuksa ds fgek;r esa v[kckjksa esa ys[k fy[ks] tulHkkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k rFkk mudh ek¡xksa ds lac/a k esa ljdkj dks Kkiu lkSia As gjh'kpaæ eq[kthZ ds i= fgUnw iSfVª;V us fdlkuksa dh iwjh fgek;r dhA nhuca/kq fe= us uhy niZ.k }kjk xjhc fdlkuksa dh n;uh; n'kk dk o.kZu fd;kA gkykr dks ns[krs gq, ljdkj us uhy dh iSnkokj esa vkus okyh eqf'dyksa ij lq>ko nsus ds fy, uhy vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA bl vk;ksx dh y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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flQkfj'kksa ds vk/kkj ij ljdkj us ,d vf/klwpuk tkjh dh] ftlesa fdlkuksa dks ;g Hkjkslk fnyk;k x;k fd mUgsa uhy mRiknu ds fy, etcwj ugha fd;k tk,xk rFkk lkjs ,f[rykQkr dks dkuwuh rjhdksa ls gy fd;k tk,xkA dksbZ pkjk u ns[kdj uhy mRikndksa us caxky ls vius dkj[kkus can djus çkjEHk dj fn, rFkk 1860 rd ;g ,f[rykQ lekIr gks x;kA *ikcuk cx+kor **1873&76 caxky esa 1870 vkSj 1880 ds n'kd esa tehankjksa }kjk fdlkuksa ij dkuwuh nk;js ls cgqr vf/kd dj yknus rFkk mudh euekuh dkjxqtkfj;k¡ cM+s iSekus ij gqbAZa bu dkjxqtkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ caxky esa 1873&76 ds chp ,d lQy fdlku vkanksyu gqvk] ftls ikcuk cx+kor ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ikcuk ftys ds ;wlqQ'kkgh ijxus esa 1873 esa tehankjksa dh euekuh ds f[kykQ mik; ds fy, *fdlku&la?k* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA bl la?k ds v/khu fdlku laxfBr gq, vkSj mUgksua s *yxku&gM+rky* dj nh vkSj c<+h gqbZ nj ij yxku nsus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA la?k us tehankjksa ds f[kykQ eqdnes nk;j fd, rFkk blds fy, /ku Hkh tek fd;k x;kA tYn gh bl çdkj ds la?k ikcuk ds vU; Hkkxksa ,oa iwohZ caxky ds nwljs ftyksa esa Hkh LFkkfir gks x, vkSj tehankjksa ds f[kykQ rsth ls oh-oh- jk?kou eqdnesa nk;j fd, tkus yxsA fdlkuksa dh ;g yM+kbZ [kkldj dkuwuh ekspZs ij gh yM+h xbZ FkhA njvly] rc rd fdlku vius dkuwuh gd+ ds ckjs esa dkQh tkx:d gks pqds Fks vkSj dkuwuh yM+kbZ yM+uk lh[k x, FksA ,drk] laxBu vkSj eqdkcys ds tfj, vius gd+ dh cgkyh dk rjhdk mUgsa ekywe gks pqdk FkkA brus cM+s iSekus ij pys fgald vkanksyu ds nkSjku fgald okjnkrsa cgqr de gh gqbAZa çk;% tc vnkyrh QSlyksa ds ykxw djus esa ck/kk Mkyh xbZ rHkh fdlkuksa us ykBh vkfn dk lgkjk fy;kA gkykafd fdlkuksa dh cxkor dk ;g pj.k 1885 rd pyk] tc *caxky dk'rdkjh dkuwu* cuk] fookn blls cgqr igys gh fuiVk fy, x, Fks] vkSj fdlkuksa dks mudh tehu okil fey pqdh FkhA dbZ fookn ljdkjh ncko vkSj chp&cpko ls gy djk, x, vkSj dbZ tehankjksa us rks [kqn gh Mj ds dkj.k le>kSrs dh is'kd'k dhA bu tehankjksa dks fdlkuksa dh laxfBr 'kfä ls Hk; yxus yxk Fkk] lkFk gh eqdneksa ds pDdj esa Q¡lus esa os viuh gkfu ns[k jgs FksA ftu ekeyksa esa ekjdkV okjnkrsa gqb]aZ ogk¡ ljdkj us tehankjksa dh rjQnkjh dh vkSj fdlkuksa dh fxj¶rkfj;k¡ cM+s iSekus ij dh y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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xbZAa ijarq] tgk¡ vkanksyu iqj veu jgk rFkk fdlkuksa us flQZ dkuwuh ekspZs ij yM+kbZ yM+h ogk¡ ljdkj us vyx #[k viuk;kA ;g vkanksyu u rks tehankjh çFkk ds f[kykQ Fkk vkSj u gh fdlh Hkh Lrj ij ;g mifuos'kokn ds eq[kkfyQ jktuhfr ls tqMk+ FkkA bl vkanksyu esa Hkh caxky ds cqf)thfo;ksa us vkanksyudkfj;ksa dk iwjh rjg lkFk fn;kA lqjæas ukFk cuthZ] vkuUn eksgu cksl vkSj }kfjdkukFk xkaxy q h us *bf.M;u ,lksfl,'ku* ds eap ls vkanksyudkfj;ksa dh ek¡xksa dh fgek;r dksA cafdepaæ pVthZ us Hkh vkanksyu dh fgek;r dhA d+keS h v[kckjksa us Hkh djksa dh T;knrh dks xyr crkrs gq, LFkkbZ :i ls yxku fu/kkZj.k dk lq>ko fn;kA bl vkanksyu esa Hkh fgUnw rFkk eqlyekuksa us feydj la?k"kZ fd;k] ;|fi vf/ kdka'k fdlku eqlyeku Fks vkSj vf/kdka'k tehnkj fgUnwA

*nDdu cx+kor] 1875 if'peh Hkkjr ds nDdu bykds esa gksus okys vusd fdlku cxkorksa dk eq[; dkj.k *jS;rokM+h cankscLr* ds varxZr fdlkuksa ij ykns x, x, Hkkjh dj FksA bu bykdksa esa Hkh fdlku] djksa ds Hkkjh cks> ls ncs gq, Fks rFkk lkgwdkjksa ds tky esa Q¡lus dks etcwj FksA ;s egktu T;knkrj ckgjh yksx Fks] ftuesa ekjokM+h ;k xqtjkrh çeq[k FksA 1864 esa vejhdh x`g ;q) ds lekIr gks tkus ij dikl dh dherksa esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vk xbZ] ftlls egkjk"Vª ds fdlku cqjh rjg çHkkfor gq,A 1867 esa ljdkj }kjk yxku dh njksa esa 50 Qhlnh c<+kRs rjh rFkk yxkrkj Qlyksa dh cckZnh ls fdlkuksa dh eqf'dysa cgqr c<+ xbZAa egktuks& a lwn[kksjksa ,oa fdlkuksa ds chp /khjs&/khjs ruko c<+us yxk] ftlds urhts esa 1874 esa fdlkuksa us egktuksa ds f[kykQ lkekftd cfg"dkj vkanksyu dj fn;kA bl vkanksyu ds rgr fdlkuksa us egktuksa dh nqdkuksa ls [kjhnnkjh djus rFkk muds [ksrksa esa etnwjh djus ls badkj dj fn;kA ukb;ks]a /kksfc;ksa rFkk peZdkjksa us Hkh egktuksa dh fdlh çdkj dh f[kner djus ls badkj dj fn;kA fdlkuksa dk ;g lkekftd cfg"dkj tYn gh iwuk] vgenuxj] 'kksykiqj ,oa lrkjk ds xk¡oksa esa Hkh QSy x;kA ysfdu ;g lkekftd cfg"dkj tYn gh naxksa esa cny x;k] ftlds urhts esa fdlkuksa us egktuksa ,oa lwn[kksjksa ds ?kjksa ,oa frtkjrxkgksa ij geys fd,A muds dtZ lac/a kh dkxtkr rFkk djkjukes ywV fy, x, rFkk lkoZtfud rkSj ij mudks vkx yxk nh xbZA ljdkj us vkUnksyudkfj;ksa dks dqpyus ds fy, uhfr;k¡ viukbZa rFkk vkUnksyu dks dqpy fn;kA *1879 **esa nDdu fdlku jkgr vf/kfu;e* cuus ls vkanksyu iw.kZr;k lekIr gks x;kA bl vkanksyu ds le; Hkh egkjk"Vª ds vk/kqfud fopkjksa ls çHkkfor cqf)thoh oxZ us ljkguh; Hkwfedk fuHkk;h rFkk rdZi.w kZ <ax ls fdlkuksa dh ek¡xksa dks ljdkj ds lkeus mBk;kA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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rgjhds vkT+kknh ds ckn fdlku vkUnksyuksa dk Lo:Ik &

& & & & & & & &

fdlku vkanksyuksa esa fdlku [kkl rkdr cudj mHkjs rFkk vc mUgksua s viuh ek¡xksa ds fy, lh/ks yM+uk 'kq: dj fn;kA mudh ek¡xas [kkldj vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ls tqMh+ gqbZ FkhaA fdlkuksa ds [kkl nq'eu fons'kh ckxku ekfyd] ns'kh tehnkj] egktu ,oa okbZ - oh-d` " .kkjko lwn[kksj FksA buds vkanksyu fof'k"V rFkk lhfer mís';ksa ,oa mudh O;fäxr leL;kvksa ls lEc) gksrs FksA bu vkanksyuksa esa mifuos'kokn ds f[kykQ vkokt ugha mBkbZ xbZA bu vkanksyuksa esa fujarjrk ,oa nh?kZdkyhu laxBu dk vHkko FkkA bu vkanksyuksa dk QSyko lhfer FkkA bu vkUnksyuksa dk edln ekrgrh vkbZu dks lekIr djuk ugha Fkk vfirq ;s fdlkuksa dh QkSjh eqf'dyksa ls tqMs+ gq, FksA fdlku vc vius dkuwuh gd ds ckjs esa tku x, Fks rFkk os dkuwuh rjhds ls la?k"kZ djus ds gkeh FksA

*nqcZyrk,¡* & & & &

vkanksyudkfj;ksa esa mifuos'kokn ds pfj= dks le>us dk vHkko FkkA 19oha 'krkCnh ds fdlkuksa esa ubZ lksp dk vHkko Fkk rFkk mUgksua s vius vknksyuksa esa u, lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd dk;ZØe lfEefyr ugha fd,A bu la?k"kksZa dk Lo:i ;|fi mxzoknh Fkk fdarq ;s ijEijkxr <k¡pksa ij gh voyafcr FksA buesa ldkjkRed utfj, dk vHkko FkkA

*chloha lnh dk fdlku vkanksyu * chloha lnh ds fdlku cxkor] fiNyh lnh ds cxkorksa ls T;knk O;kid] çHkkoh] laxfBr o lQy FksA bl cnyko ds dkj.k] fdlku vkanksyu ,oa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; Lok/khurk la?k"kZ ds vkilh lEcU/k FksA jk"Vªh; vkanksyu us viuk la?k"kZ rhoz djus ds fy, lkekftd vk/kkj c<+kus dh dksf'k'k ds flyflys esa fdlkuksa ls utnhfd;k¡ LFkkfir dha vkSj nwljh vksj fdlkuksa us jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ls tqMu+ s ds ykHkksa dks ns[kdj ru&eu&/ku ls mldh fgek;r dhA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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*fdlku lHkk vkanksyu 1857 ds cxkor ds ckn vo/k ds rkyqdnkjksa dks mudh tehu ykSVk nh xbZA blls lwcksa esa dk'rdkjh fuT+kke ij rkyqdnkjksa ;k cM+s tehankjksa dk ncko vkSj c<+ x;kA fdlkuksa dk ,d cM+k rcdk bu rkyqdnkjksa ;k tehankjksa ds euekus flre ls ihfM+r Fkk] ftues& a yxku dh Å¡ph njs]a Hkwfe ls csn[kyh] xSj dkuwuh dj rFkk utjkuk oxSjg 'kkfey FksA çFke fo'o ;q) ds ckn vukt rFkk vU; t:jh phtksa ds nke cgqr c<+ x,A blls mÙkj çns'k ds fdlkuksa dh n'kk vR;ar n;uh; gks xbZA [kkldj gkse:y yhx dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k mÙkj çns'k esa fdlku lHkkvksa dk xBu fd;k x;kA Qjojh 1918 esa *xkSjh'kadj feJ* rFkk *baæukjk;.k f}osnh* us mÙkj çns'k fdlku lHkk dk xBu fd;kA bl dke esa enu eksgu ekyoh; us budh cgqr enn dhA 1919 ds e/; rd bldh djhc 500 'kk[kk,¡ xfBr dh tk pqdh FkhaA fdlku lHkkvksa ls tqMs+ gq, [kkl usrkvksa esa f>xqjh flag] nqxkZiky flag ,oa ckck jkepaæ dk uke Hkh lfEefyr gSAa twu 1920 esa ckck jkepaæ us tokgj yky usg: ls bu xk¡oksa dk nkSjk djus dh flQkfj'k dhA blds ckn usg: us bl xqtkfj'k dks ekurs gq, bu xk¡oksa dk nkSjk fd;k rFkk xk¡ookfl;ksa ls cgqr utnhd ls feysA jk"Vªoknh usrkvksa esa ,f[rykQ ds dkj.k vDVwcj 1920 esa *vo/k fdlku lHkk* dk xBu fd;k x;kA vo/k fdlku lHkk us fdlkuksa ls csn[ky tehu u tksrus vkSj csxkj u djus dh vihy dhA lHkk us bu fu;eksa dk ikyu u djus okys fdlkuksa dk lkekftd cfg"dkj djus rFkk vius >xM+kas ds iapk;r ds tfj, ls gy djus dh flQkfj'k fdlkuksa ls fd;kA tuojh 1921 esa dqN bykdksa esa eqdkeh usrkvksa dh xyrQgeh ,oa ukjktxh ds dkj.k fdlku lHkk vkanksyu ekjdkV ij mrk: gks x;kA bl nkSjku fdlkuksa us cktkjks]a ?kjksa ,oa vukt dh nqdkuksa ij /kkok cksydj mUgsa ywVk rFkk iqfyl ds lkFk mudh fgald >M+ias gqbAZa jk;cjsyh] QStkckn ,oa lqYrkuiqj bu gypyksa ds çeq[k dsæa FksA /khjs&/khjs ljdkjh ncko ds dkj.k vkanksyu detksj iM+us yxkA blh chp ljdkj us *vo/k ekyxqtkjh jsVa la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e* ikl dj fn;kA blus Hkh vkanksyu dks detksj fd;kA ekpZ 1921 rd vkanksyu [kRe gks x;kA

*,dk vkanksyu 1921 ds vkf[kj es]a mÙkj çns'k ds mÙkjh ftyksa gjnksbZ] cgjkbp rFkk lhrkiqj esa fdlku nqckjk laxfBr gksdj vkanksyu ij mrj vk,A bl ckj vkanksyu ls fuEu eqís lEc) Fks& y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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yxku dh mPp njs& a yxku dh njsa djhc 50 çfr'kr ls Hkh T;knk FkhaA 2yxku olwyh ds dke esa tehankjksa }kjk viuk;h xbZa neudkjh uhfr;k¡A 3csxkj dh çFkkA bl ,dk ;k ,drk dh rgjhd esa /kkfeZd jhfr&fjoktksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk Fkk rFkk ,d= fdlkuksa dks 'kiFk fnykbZ tkrh Fkh fd os& & flQZ equkflc yxku gh vnk djsx a s rFkk yxku vnk;xh esa oDr dh ikcUnh djsx a As & ;fn mUgsa tehu ls csn[ky fd;k tk,xk rks os tehu ugha NksMx as+ As & csxkj djus ls badkj dj nsx a As & eqtfjeksa ls lEca/k ugha j[ksx a As & iapk;r ds QSlys dh ekusx a As ,dk vkanksyu dh [kkl rkSj ls vxqokbZ lekt ds fupys rcds ds fdlkuks& a *enkjh iklh* ,oa vU; fiNM+h tkfr;ksa ds fdlkuksa rFkk dbZ NksVs tehankjksa us fd;kA ekpZ 1922 ds vkf[kj rd ljdkj us bl vkanksyu dks rkdr dk lgkjk ysdj dqpy fn;kA *eksiyk cx+kor] 1921 dsjy esa ekykckj rV ij vxLr 1921 esa vo/k tSls dkj.kksa ls gh çsfjr gksdj bykdkbZ eksiyk fdlkuksa us tc tcnZLr cxkor fd;kA eksiyk] dsjy ds ekykckj rV ds eqfLye fdlku Fks] tgk¡ tehnkjh ds gd [kkldj fgUnqvksa ds gkFkksa esa FksA 19oha 'krkCnh esa Hkh tehnkjksa ds vR;kpkjksa ls ihfM+r gksdj eksiykvksa us dbZ ckj cx+kor fd, FksA eksiykvksa ds cx+kor dk [kkl dkj.k&yxku dh Å¡ph njs]a utjkuk ,oa vU; neudkjh rkSj&rjhds FksA fdarq bl ckj ds vkanksyu dh [kwch Fkh bldk dkSeh rgjhd ds lkFk lac/a k LFkkfir gksukA f[kykQr vkanksyu us fdlkuksa dh ekax dh fgek;r dh] cnys esa fdlkuksa us vkanksyu esa viuh iwjh 'kfä yxk nhA ;gk¡ Hkh vo/k dh rjg fdlkuksa dh cSBd vkSj f[kykQr dh cSBd esa QdZ dj ikuk dfBu FkkA xka/ kh th] 'kkSdr vyh] ekSykuk vktkn vkfn jk"Vªh; usrkvksa us bu bykdksa dk nkSjk dj buesa vkSj Hkh rsth yk nhA var esa ljdkj us Qjojh 1921 esa fu"ks/kkKk ykxw dj f[kykQr ds lkFk fdlkuksa dh lHkkvksa ij jksd yxk nh vkSj blds lHkh çeq[k usrkvksa dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd vkanksyu dh vxqokbZ bykdkbZ eksiyk usrkvksa ds gkFkksa esa vk x;k vkSj vkanksyu us fgald :i viuk fy;kA fgald y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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pj.k dh 'kq#vkr 20 vxLr 1921 dks f[kykQr ds ,d çeq[k usrk eqnfy;kj dh fxj¶rkjh ds fy, lsuk ds efLtn esa ços'k djus ds eqís dks ysdj gqbAZ bls eksiykvksa us vius etgc dk vieku le>kA cxkor ds izFke pj.k esa cnuke tehankjksa dks fu'kkuk cuk;k x;kA ckx+h eksiyk fdlku eqlyeku Fks ijUrq mnkj tehankj vkSj fgUnqvksa dks mUgksua s ijs'kku ugha fd;kA blds fy, usrkvksa }kjk ckfx+;ksa dks [kkl fgnk;r nh tkrh FkhA ijarq vaxt sz h ljdkj }kjk *ek'kZy y‚* ykxw djus ds ,yku ls cxkor dk pfj= cny x;kA ljdkj us reke fgUnqvksa dks tcjnLrh viuh fgek;r djus ds fy, dgk vkSj dqN fgUnw viuh ethZ ls Hkh [kqys rkSj ij ljdkj dh fgek;r djus yxsA blus cx+kor dks fgUnw&eq[kkfyQ 'kDy ns fn;k rFkk cM+s iSekus ij fgUnqvksa dh gR;k,¡ ,oa /keZ ifjorZu dh ?kVuk,¡ gqbAaZ eksiyk cx+kor ds fgald :i ysus ds lkFk gh dkSeh usrk vkanksyu ls vyx gks x,A vkanksyu ds fQjdkokjkuk 'kDy ys ysus ls og vkSj Hkh vyx&Fkyx iM+ x;kA fnlEcj 1921 rd ljdkj us iwjh rjg vkanksyu dks dqpy fn;kA blls eksiykvksa dh fgEer iwjh rjg VwV xbZ rFkk vktknh dh iwjh yM+kbZ esa os fQj dHkh 'kkfey ugha gq,] tcfd dsjy esa okeiaFk dh vxqokbZ esa cM+s iSekus ij fdlku vkanksyu Hkh pyk;k x;kA

*ckjnksyh lR;kxz g Hkkjr ds fl;klh iVy ij xka/khth ds dne j[kus ds ckn xqtjkr ds lwjr ftys ds ckjnksyh rkyqds esa fl;klh gypy esa rsth fn[kkbZ nhA ;gk¡ gkykr ml le; rukoiw.kZ gks x,] tc tuojh 1926 esa bykdkbZ futkes gqdew r us yxku dh njksa esa 30 Qhlnh T;knrh dk ,yku fd;kA ;gk¡ ds dkaxl zs h usrkvksa dh vxqokbZ esa LFkkuh; yksxksa us bl T;knrh dh dM+h eq[kkfyQr dhA gkykr dh lathnxh dks ns[krs gq, ljdkj us leL;k ds gy ds fy, *ckjnksyh tk¡p vk;ksx* dk xBu fd;kA vk;ksx us QSlyk fn;k fd yxku dh njksa esa dh xbZ T;knrh iwjh rjg xyr gSA Qjojh 1926 es]a oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy dks vkanksyudkjh efgykvksa us *ljnkj* dh mikf/k iznku fd;kA ljnkj iVsy ds vxqokbZ esa fdlkuksa us c<+h gqbZ njksa ij yxku vnk djus ls badkj dj fn;k rFkk ljdkj ds lkeus ;g ek¡x j[kh fd tc rd ljdkj leL;k ds lek/kku gsrq fdlh vktkn deh'ku dk xBu ugha djrh ;k çLrkfor yxku btkQk okil ugha ysrh rc rd os y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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viuk vkanksyu tkjh j[ksx a As vkanksyu dks laxfBr djus ds fy, ljnkj iVsy us iwjs rkyqds esa 13 Nkofu;k¡ dk;e dhaA vkkanksyudkfj;ksa ds fgek;r esa yksxksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, *ckjnksyh lR;kxzg if=dk* dk çdk'ku Hkh çkjaHk fd;k x;kA vkanksyu ds rjhdksa dk ikyu lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d *ckSf)d laxBu* Hkh LFkkfir fd;k x;kA ftu yksxksa us vkanksyu dh eq[kkfyQr dh mudk lks'ky ckbZdkV fd;k x;kA vknksyu esa efgykvksa dh fgLlsnkjh r; djus ds fy, Hkh dbZ dne mBk, x,A ds-,e- eq'a kh rFkk ykyth ukjath us vkanksyu ds fgek;r esa cacbZ fo/kku ifj"kn dh lnL;rk ls LrhQk ns fn;kA vxLr 1928 rd iwjs {ks= esa vkanksyu iwjh rjg 'kq: gks pqdk FkkA vkanksyu ds fgek;r esa cacbZ esa jsyos gM+rky dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA iVsy dh fxj¶rkjh dh vk'kadk dks ns[krs gq, 2 vxLr 1928 dks xka/khth Hkh ckjnksyh igq¡p x,A ljdkj vc vkanksyu dks ckveu ,oa bTtr ds lkFk lekIr fd, tkus dh dksf'k'k djus yxhA ljdkj ,d ^*tk¡p lfefr** cukus dh rS;kj gks xbZA ckn esa xfBr CyweQhYM vkSj eSDlosy lfefr us yxku esa c<+krs jh dks xyr crk;k vkSj c<+krs jh 30 Qhlnh ls ?kVkdj 6-03 Qhlnh dj nh xbZA bl rjg ckjnksyh lR;kxzg dh ,sfrgkfld thr gqbZA

*1930&40 **ds ngkbZ ds fdlku vkanksyu * 1930 vkSj 1940 dh ngkbZ esa Hkkjr esa dkSeh rgjhd ds lkFk&lkFk fdlku vkanksyuksa esa c<+kRs rjh gqbZA bl pj.k ds vkanksyuksa dks c<+kok nsus okys ml le; ds ?kVukØe Fks& 1929&30 dh *fo'oO;kih vkfFkZd eanh* dk fu/ kZu fdlkuksa ij vR;ar cqjk çHkko iM+uk rFkk dkaxl zs }kjk **lfou; voKk vkanksyu** ds lkFk ,d ckj fQj O;kid tuk/kkj dk vkanksyu NsMu+ kA bl vkanksyu us ns'k ds cgqr cM+s fgLls esa VSDl vkSj yxku u nsus ds eqfge dks 'kq: fd;kA bl fgLls ds fdlku la?k"kksZa us gkykafd QkSjh rkSj ij dqN T;knk çkIr ugha fd;k] fQj Hkh mUgksua s ,d ,slk ekgkSy rS;kj fd;k] ftlds urhts esa vktknh ds ckn dk'rdkjh esa dbZ lq/kkj gq,A rFkk&tehnkjh [kRe djus dh tks ek¡x bl nkSj esa mBh og Lora=rk ds ckn vey esa vkbZA blh çdkj] Vªkoudksj jkT; ds Hkkjr esa foy; ds fy, *iquçok;ykj *ds vkanksyu us rkjh[kh jksy vnk fd;kA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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bl pj.k esa fdlkuksa dh tks ml le; dh ek¡xas Fkha] mues& a VSDlksa esa deh] tkxhjnkjksa dh xSj&dkuwuh olwfy;k¡ vkSj csxkj dh lekfIr] tehankjksa ds tqYe ls NqVdkjk] dtZ ds cks> esa deh] xSjdkuwuh rjhdksa ls yh xbZ tehu dh okilh rFkk fdlkuksa dh rg¶Qqt vkfn [kkl FkhaA [ksfrgj etnwjksa dh ekaxas vka/kzçns'k vkSj xqtjkr ds vykok nwljs lwcksa ds fdlku vkanksyuksa esa x+Sj eqerkt gh jghaA gdhdr esa ;s vkanksyu] dk'rdkjh <k¡ps esa iwjh rjg cnyko ds fy, ugha gq, cfYd budk edln bl futke ds dqN cgqr gh nnZukd igyqvksa dk var djuk FkkA bl dky esa fdlku vkanksyuksa ds 'kq: gksus ds dqN [kkl dkj.k FksA lfou; voKk vkanksyu us uotoku ,oa fl;klh dkfjUnksa dh ,d iwjh ih<+h iSnk dhA tc lfou; voKk vknksyu esa Bgjko vk;k rc bu dkjdquksa us viuh fl;klh rkdr] fdlku ,oa etnwj vkanksyuksa esa yxk nhA fQj] 1937 ds pqukoksa esa T;knkrj lwcksa esa dkaxl zs dh ljdkj cuhA 1937&39 ds chp 28 eghuksa dk dkaxl sz h gqdew r fdlku vkanksyuksa dk lqugjk oDr FkkA ,d] rks bl tekus esa vkanksyuksa ds fy, yksxksa dks vktkfn;k¡ cgqr feyha] nwljs dkaxl zs h ljdkjksa us dk'rdkjh&dkuwuksa esa lq/kkj ds fy, dqN Bksl dne Hkh mBk,A

vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk bl lHkk dh LFkkiuk vçSy 1936 esa y[kuÅ esa dh xbZA *Lokeh lgtkuan* ljLorh bl lHkk ds lnj rFkk *,u-th- jaxk *othj pqus x,A bl lHkk us *fdlku ,ykuukek *tkjh fd;k rFkk *banqyky ;kfKd* ds ns[k js[k esa ,d i= dk çdk'ku Hkh çkjaHk fd;kA 1936 esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk dk tylk *QStiqj* esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA 1937 ds lwckbZ pqukoksa ds fy, tkjh fd, x, dkaxl zs h ,ykuukes ds dbZ dkuwu vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk ds ,tsM a s ls çHkkfor FksA

^dkaxzslh ljdkjksa ds tekus esa fdlku vkUnksyu* 1937&39 ds chp fdlku vkanksyuksa dh fxurh cgqr c<+ xbZA dkaxl sz h ljdkjksa ds lg;ksxkRed joS;s ds dkj.k fdlkuksa us rsth ls viuh ek¡xs mBkuh çkjaHk dj nhaA bl eqn~nr esa tulHkk,¡] çn'kZu] /kjus vkfn vk;ksftr fd, x, rFkk xkoksa esa Hkh fdlku vkanksyuksa dk çlkj fd;k x;kA

*lwcks esa fdlkuksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡* dsjy % dsjy ds ekykckj bykds esa okeiafFk;ks dh vxqokbZ esa ^*d"kZd la?keks*a esa laxfBr gksdj fdlkuksa us tkxhjnkjkuk olwfy;ks]a is'kxh yxku y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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olwyh rFkk csn[kyh oxSjg ds f[kykQ tcjnLr eqfge NsMk+ A mudk ,d rjhdk cgqr yksdfç; vkSj vljnkj lkfcr gqvk] ftlesa os tRFks cukdj tehankjksa ds ?kj tkrs Fks vkSj muds lkeus viuh ek¡xs j[kdj rqjUr gy çkIr djrs FksA 1938 esa fdlkuksa us *ekykckj Vsul as h ,DV* 1929 esa cnyko ds fy, ,d [kkl vkanksyu pyk;kA

*vka/kz çns'k* ;gk¡ 1937 ds pqukoksa esa tehnkjksa rFkk muds fgek;rh mEehnokjksa dh gkj ds dkj.k fdlkuksa dk vUn:uh rkdr cgqr c<+ x;k Fkk rFkk mUgksua s tehankjksa dh T;knfr;ksa ds f[kykQ cx+kor 'kq: dj fn;kA dtZ esa jkgr dh ek¡x Hkh bl vkanksyu esa [kkl FkhA bl le; lwcs esa dbZ fdlku laxBu dke dj jgs FksA 1933 esa ,u-th- jaxk us *Hkkjrh; fdlku laLFkku* dk;e fd;kA vka/kz ds fdlku vkanksyuksa dh ,d [kkl [kwch ;g Fkh fd fdlku dk;ZdrkZvksa dks vFkZ'kkL= ,oa jktuhfr'kkL= esa Vªfs uax nsus ds fy, e'kgwj okeiaFkh usrk *xehZ esa pyus okys Ldwyks*a esa rdjhj djus vkrs Fks] ftudk bfUrtke fdlkuksa ds }kjk fn, x, pans ls gksrh FkhA bu usrkvksa esa ih-lh- tks'kh] vt; ?kks"k ,oa vkjnh- Hkkj}kt [kkl FksA

*fcgkj* ;gk¡ lgtkuan ljLorh] dk;kZuna 'kekZ] ;nquna u 'kekZ] jkgqy lkadR` ;kuu] iapkuu 'kekZ ,oa tkequ dkthZfr oxSjg usrkvksa us fdlku vkanksyuksa dh vPNh vxqokbZ dhA 1935 esa lwckbZ fdlku lHkk us tehankjksa ds [kkRes dk çLrko ikfjr fd;kA cdk'r tehu dh okilh ds fy, tc bUgksua s vkanksyu rst fd;k] rc dkaxl zs ljdkj dk bl rgjhd dks ysdj bf[rykQ gks x;kA D;ksfa d og ml nkSj esa tehankjksa dks ukjkt dj dkSeh rgjhd esa :dkoV ugha [kM+k djuk pkgrh FkhA rgjhd dk eq[; Lo:i Fkk& lR;kxzg rFkk tcjnLr cqvkbZ vkSj Qly dVkbZA bl nkSjku fdlkuksa ds tehnkjksa ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij la?k"kZ Hkh gq,A 1939 esa dqN lgwfy;rsa fey tkus ds dkj.k rFkk dk;ZdrkZvksa dh fxj¶rkjh ds dkj.k ;g rgjhd dqN oDr ds fy, #d xbZA 1945 esa ;g nqckjk 'kq: gqbZ vkSj vktknh ds ckn Hkh pyrh jgh] tc rd tehankjh çFkk lekIr ugha gks xbZA

*ia t kc* iatkc esa gq, 'kq:vkrh fdlku vkanksyuksa esa iatkc ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk] dhfrZ fdlku ny] dkaxl zs ,oa vdkyh ny dk [kkl jksy FkkA 1937 esa iatkc fdlku lfefr us fdlku vkUnksyu ds ckjs esa u, gqDeukes tkjh fd,A y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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bl vkanksyu dk [kkl fu'kkuk if'peh iatkc ds tehankj Fks] ftudh rkdr ;wfu;uoknh ljdkj ds d;ke ds ckn dkQh c<+ xbZ FkhA bl vkanksyu dk izeq[k dkj.k ve`rlj ,oa ykgkSj esa yxku esa T;knrh] eqYrku ,oa ekaVxksejh esa flapkbZ dj esa c<+kRs rjh rFkk futh Bsdns kjksa }kjk u, VSDl yxk;k tkuk FkkA ;gk¡ fdlkuksa us viuh ek¡xksa ds fgek;r esa gM+rkysa dha rFkk var esa os fj;k;r çkIr djus esa lQy jgsA iatkc esa fdlkuksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds [kkl ejdt& tkya/kj] ve`rlj] gksf'k;kjiqj] ySyiqjk ,oa 'ks[kqiqjk FkkA if'peh iatkc ds eqfLye fdlku rFkk nf{k.k&iwohZ iatkc ds fgUnw fdlku bu vkanksyuksa ds vlj ls vkerkSj ls vNwrs gh jgsA bu lwcksa ds vykok caxky] mM+hlk] if'peksÙkj ljgnh lwcksa vkSj =koudksj rFkk gSnjkckn tSlh ns'kh fj;klrksa esa Hkh bl pj.k esa vljnkj fdlku vkanksyu gq,A

*nwljs vkyexhj tax ds nkSjku* Hkkjr NksMk+ s vkanksyu ds nkSjku fdlku lHkk ds lkE;okfn;ksa vkSj xSj lkE;okfn;ksa ds chp erHksn cgqr xgjs gks x,A blds urhts esa dbZ [kkl usrk tSl& s lgtkuan] bany q ky ;kfKd rFkk ,u-th- jaxk lHkk ls vyx gks x, rFkk 1943 esa fdlku lHkk esa c¡Vokjk gks x;kA

nwljs vyexhj tax ds [kkRes ds ckn *rsHkkxk vkanksyu ;g vkanksyu caxky ds lcls [kkl fdlku vkanksyuksa esa ls ,d FkkA 1940 ds yxku deh'ku }kjk dh xbZ flQkfj'k ds eqrkfcd] bl vkanksyu esa ek¡x dh xbZ fd Qly dk nks&frgkbZ fgLlk cxZnkjksa ¼fdlkuks½a dks fn;k tk,A ;g vkanksyu cVkbZnkjksa }kjk tksrnkjksa ds f[kykQ pyk;k x;k FkkA bl vkanksyu esa lcls [kkl jksy *caxky fdlku lHkk* dh FkhA bl lHkk dh vxqokbZ esa lHkkvksa ,oa çn'kZuksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k rFkk *frHkkxk pkbZ* ¼gesa nks&frgkbZ Hkkx pkfg,½ ,oa bdykc ftankckn tSls ukjs yxk, x,A tYn gh frHkkxk vkanksyu tyikbZxM q h+ ] fenukiqj ,oa jaxiqj ftyksa esa Hkh QSy x;kA bl vkanksyu esa lHkh txgksa ij cVkbZnkjksa us ,d tSlk rjhdk viuk;kA os ykBh ysdj çn'kZu djrs Fks rFkk ukjs yxkrs Fks ,oa vukt dks tksrnkj ds ?kj ys tkus ds ctk; vius ?kj ys tkrs FksA cxZnkjksa us vkanksyudkjh fdlkuksa dh iwjh fgek;r dhA caxky dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL;ks& a eqt¶Qj vgen] lquhy lsu rFkk eksuh flag us bl vkanksyu esa [kkl jksy vnk fd;kA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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bl vkanksyu esa dbZ txgksa ij efgykvksa us u flQZ veyh rkSj ij fgLlk fy;k cfYd dqN us rks vkanksyu dh vxqokbZ Hkh dhA dkd}hi esa bUgksua s vkkanksyudkfj;ksa ds lkFk feydj lHkkvksa ,oa çn'kZuksa esa Hkkx fy;kA ^caxh; çknsf'kd fdlku lHkk* dh vxqokbZ esa pyk, x, bl vkanksyu ds [kkl ejd+t lan's k[kyh] gjksvk] dkd}hi] Hkaxkj] lksukjiqj] dkluuksx a vkSj pkSchl ijxuk ftys dk lqna jou bykdk FkkA blds vykok mÙkjh caxky ds dbZ bykdksa esa Hkh tksjnkj rjhds ls vkanksyu pyk;k x;kA bu txgksa ij fdlkuksa us *frHkkxk* dk ukjk cqyna djrs gq, tehankjksa ,oa lkgwdkjksa ds f[kykQ cx+kor dj fn;kA vkanksyudkfj;ksa dh iqfyl ds lkFk dbZ txgksa ij fgald >M+ias Hkh gqbAaZ vktknh ds ckn Hkh ;g vkanksyu ml le; rd tkjh jgk] tc rd 1949 esa *cxZnkj vf/kfu;e* ugha cu x;kA rsyaxkuk vkanksyu% ;g vkanksyu] vkt ds fgUnqLrkuh bfrgkl dk lcls cM+k fdlku xqfjYyk tax Fkk] ftlus 3 gtkj xk¡oksa rFkk 30 yk[k yksxksa dks vius vlj esa ys fy;kA rsyx a kuk bykds esa LFkkuh; ns'keq[kksa us iVsy rFkk iVokfj;ksa dh feyh&Hkxr ls gkykr esa dkQh T;knrh dj yhA bu ns'keq[kksa dks yksdy xoZuesUV ,oa iqfyl ds lkFk gh futke dh ljdkj dh Hkh fuxjkuh gkfly FkhA bu ns'keq[kksa us fdlkuksa rFkk [ksfrgj etnwjksa dk [kwc [kwu pwlk rFkk bl bykds+ esa buds tqYe dh ,d ck<+ lh vk xbZA tkxhjnkjkuk ncko rFkk tcju olwyh bykdkbZ fdlkuksa ds rdnhj esa fy[k x;kA vius Åij fd, tk jgs tqYe ls rax vkdj fdlkuksa ,oa [ksfrgj etnwjksa us [kwu pwlus okyksa ds f[kykQ vkanksyu NsM+ fn;kA dqN le; ckn LFkkuh; dE;qfuLV] e>ksys fdlku rFkk dkaxl sz laxBu Hkh bl eqfge esa 'kkfey gks x,A bl vkanksyu esa ckfx;ksa us [kwu pwlus okyksa ds f[kykQ xqfjYyk tax dh uhfr viukbZA tax ds nkSjku xqfjYyk Nkikekjksa us vka/kz egklHkk ds lg;ksx ls iwjs rsyx a kuk {ks= ds xk¡oksa esa viuh vPNh iSB cuk yhA cx+kor dh 'kq#vkr tqykbZ 1946 esa rc gqbZ] tc ukyxksM a k ds taxk¡o rkyqdk esa ,d ns'keq[k dh xk¡o ds mxzokfn;ksa us gR;k dj nhA tYn gh cx+kor y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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okjaxy ,oa dEee esa Hkh QSy x;kA fdlkuksa us *la?ke* ds :i esa laxfBr gksdj ns'keq[kksa ij geys 'kq: dj fn,A bUgksua s gfFk;kjksa ds rkSj ij ykfB;ks]a iRFkj ds VqdM+kas ,oa fepZ ds ikmMj dk bLrseky fd;kA fdarq ljdkj us vkanksyudkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ fugk;r csjgeh dk #[k viuk;kA vxLr 1947 ls flrEcj 1948 ds chp vkanksyu vius bfUrgk ij FkkA gSnjkckn dks feykus ds flyflys esa Hkkjrh; lsuk us tc gSnjkckn dks thr fy;k rks ;g vkanksyu vius vki [kRe gks x;kA rsyx a kuk vkanksyu ls dbZ [kkl phtsa gkfly gqb]Za tks bl rjg gS& a 1xqfjYyk Nkikekjksa us xk¡oksa ij viuk dCtk tek fy;k rFkk csxkjh dh jLe fcYdqy [kRe gks xbZA 2[ksfrgj fdlkuksa dh etnwfj;k¡ c<+k nh xbZAa 3xSj dkuwuh <ax ls dCtk dh xbZ tehu fdlkuksa dks okil ykSVk nh xbZA 4yxku dh njksa dks r; djus rFkk tehu dks fQj ls ck¡Vus ds fy, dbZ dne mBk, x,A 5flapkbZ&lqfo/kkvksa esa c<+kRs rjh ds fy, vusd dne mBk, x, rFkk blds jksd Fkke dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA 6efgykvksa dh n'kk esa mYys[kuh; lq/kkj vk;kA 7Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h ns'kh fj;klr ls vnZ~/k&tkxhjnkjkuk futke [kRe dj fn;k x;kA 8vkanksyu us Hkk"kkbZ vk/kkj ij vka/kz çns'k ds xBu dh Hkwfedk rS;kj dhA

*fdlku vkanksyu dh miyfC/k;k¡ 1-

2345-

bu vkanksyuksa us vktknh ds ckn fd, x, dk'rdkjh esa dbZ lq/kkjksa ds fy, ,d vPNk ekgkSy iSnk fd;kA mnkgj.kkFkZ&tehnkjh çFkk dk mUewyuA bUgksua s HkwLokfe;ksa vFkkZr fdlkuksa dks muds lgh gd+ dh tkudkjh nh rFkk dk'rdkjh futke esa cnyko dk dk;Z 'kq: fd;kA ;s vkanksyu fczfV'k lkezkT;okn ds f[kykQ Hkh FksA yxHkx lHkh bykdksa esa bu fdlku vkanksyuksa dh ç—fr leku FkhA buls fdlkuksa esa vius gd ds fy, csnkjh c<+hA

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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vky bafM;k fdlku lHkk vkSj fdlku cqyfs Vu % D;ksa vkSj fdlfy,\ &lgtkuUn ljLorh lu~ 1935 bZ- ds chrrs&u&chrrs ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ ?kVuk fdlku&lHkk ds bfrgkl esa gqbZA okei{k ds vusd çeq[k usrk esjB esa ,d= gq, vkSj vU; ckrksa ds flok; mUgksaus ;g Hkh r; fd;k fd vf[ky Hkkjrh; fdlku lHkk dk laxBu gksuk pkfg,A muesa fcgkj ds Hkh dqN esjs lkFkh Fks] tks vkf[kjdkj bl ckr ls lger gks x,A ogk¡ bl dke ds fy, tks laxBu&lfefr cuh] mlds ea=h] mUgksaus] eq>s] Jh ,u0th0 jaxk dks vkSj Jh eksguyky xkSre dks fu;qä dj fn;kA ftl ifjfLFkfr us gesa tehankjh ds ekeys esa [kke[okg vkxs c<+k;k mlh ifjfLFkfr us vkSj Hkh vkxs tkus dks foo'k fd;kA eSa rks bldk fojks/kh FkkA ysfdu fdlku&lHkk esa vc rd esjh cjkcj uhfr ;gh jgh gS fd lkfFk;ksa dh jk; ds fcuk dqN u djuk vkSj ftlls os lger gks tk,¡] mlesa T;knk vkxk&ihNk u djuk] c'krsZ fd dqN isphnk igsyh tSlh ckr u gks] ftldk cqjk vlj gekjh lHkk ij iM+us ,u-th- ja x k dk [krjk gksA blfy, eSaus eku fy;k fd vky bafM;k lHkk Hkh cusA blds ckn vçSy ds eghus esa lu~ 1936 bZ- esa y[kuÅ esa dkaxzsl ds vf/kos'ku ds le; gh igyk vky bafM;k fdlku lEesyu djus dk Hkh QSlyk mu yksxksa us dj fy;kA 'kk;n ;g ckr esjB esa gh r; ikbZ gksA flQZ vkf[kjh fu'p; ihNs dj fy;k x;k gksA ysfdu ;g ckr gqbZ vkSj v[kckjksa esa [kcjsa Hkh fudy xbZaA dqN [kkl çcU/k rks djuk u FkkA dkaxl zs dh rS;kjh Fkh ghA fo"k;&lfefr ds iaMky esa gh lEesyu bUnq y ky ;kfKd djuk r; djds Lokxr lfefr ls bl dk;Z ds fy, vkKk ys yh xbZ FkhA ;g Hkh mUgha yksxksa us r; dj fy;k Fkk fd mldk lHkkifr eSa gh cuk;k tkÅ¡A bldh lwpuk Hkh rkj }kjk eq>s nh xbZA exj rkj feyus ds igys gh eSa y[kuÅ tk igq¡pk FkkA D;ksafd dkaxzsl dh fo"k;&lfefr vkfn esa lfEefyr gksuk FkkA vkSj yksx Hkh igq¡ps gh FksA ogk¡ tkus ij gh eq>s lc ckrsa ekywe gks xbZaA gjsd çkar ds okei{kh yksxksa ls [kkl rkSj ls ogk¡ ifjp; çkIr fd;kA rc ls ysdj vkt rd ds y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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esjs iDds lkFkh çks- jaxk vkSj Jh banqyky ;kfKd ls igys eqykdkr ogha gqbZA ;ksa rks ,d ckj jaxk th nks ekl iwoZ fcgkj vkus dks FksA ij u vk ldsA Jh banqyky th ls rks fy[kk&i<+h igys gh ls pyrh FkhA vly esa og cacbZ esa ,d çpkj laLFkk cuk ds fdlkuksa ds laca/k dh ,d foKfIr dHkh&dHkh mlh laLFkk ds }kjk çdkf'kr djrs FksA eq>s Hkh mls dqN fnu ls Hkstus yxs FksA mUgksaus ogk¡ feyus ij mlds Hkstus dk dkj.k ;g crk;k fd dHkh fdlh vaxzsth v[kckj esa esjs fdlh Hkk"k.k dk og va'k mUgsa i<+us dks feyk] ftlesa eSua s vkSj ckrksa ds lkFk ;g dgk Fkk fd jksVh Hkxoku ls cM+h gSA blh ls vk— "V gks ds muus eq>s i= fy[kk vkSj ihNs og vaxzsth foKfIr Hkstus yxsA eSa rks l'kad Fkk fd ;g dSlk vkneh gSA exj lkfFk;ksa us crk;k fd og rks gekjk gh vkneh gSA rc eq>s fo'okl gks x;kA ihNs rks y[kuÅ esa vkSj mlds ckn ge nksuksa esa og ?kfu"Brk gks xbZ tks 'kk;n gh vkSj fdlh ds lkFk gks\fdlku&lHkk bl ckr dh fpj_.kh jgsxh fd Jh banqyky th us 'kq: esa vius gh m|ksx ls vky bafM;k fdlku cqysfVu vaxt zs h esa fudky dj fdlku vkanksyu dh viwoZ lsok dhA og iaægosa fnu fudyrh gSA gk¡] rks lEesyu rks laiUu gqvk vusd egÙo iw.kZ çLrko Hkh ikl gq,A vky bafM;k fdlku desVh dk tUe Hkh ogha gqvkA mlesa gj çkar ds rkRdkfyd mRlkgh fdlku dk;ZdrkZ fy, x,A mldk dke vkSj vf/kdkj ;gh jgk fd tc fdlku&lHkk u fey lds rks mldh txg ogh le>h tk,A ihNs rks fu;ekoyh cuk ds lEesyu dks gh vky bafM;k fdlku&lHkk dk okf"kZd vf/kos'ku uke ns fn;k x;kA ml le; vky bafM;k fdlku&lHkk ds rhu ea=h pqus x,A LFkk;h lHkkifr j[kus dh ckr ml le; r; ugha ikbZA lkspk x;k fd vf/kos'ku ds le; ds gh fy, lHkkifr dk in gks]u fd LFkk;hA gkyk¡fd] ihNs rks fo/kku esa lHkkifr dk in LFkk;h gks x;kA os rhuksa ea=h Fks] ogh iqjkus rhu % eS]a çks- jaxk vkSj xkSreA xkSre th ds ftEes v‚fQl lkSaik x;kA exj FkksM+s gh fnuksa ckn og chekj iMs+ vkSj v‚fQl esjs ftEes vk x;kA rc ls cjkcj eSa gh ml lHkk dk tsujy lsØVsjh jgk gw¡ vkSj v‚fQl esjs ikl gh jg x;k gSA flok; lu~ 1938&39 bZ- ds] tc eSa dksfeyk ds vf/kos'ku esa fQj lHkkifr pquk x;k vkSj çks- jaxk ç/kkuea=hA mlh njE;ku esa dsoy ,d lky v‚fQl jaxk th ds lkFk jgkA y[kuÅ ds ckn QStiqj esa gh Jh banqyky ;kfKd vU; lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk mlds la;qäea=h pqus x,A rc ls cjkcj ml in ij gSaA y[kuÅ esa gh lkspk x;k fd vky bafM;k fdlku fnol euk;k tk,A ysfdu rS;kjh ds fy, dqN le; pkfg,A blfy, igyh flracj Bhd y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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gqbZA rc ls cjkcj gh Hkkjr Hkj esa igyh flracj dks vky bafM;k fdlku fnol euk;k tkrk gSA ;ksa rks ^es Ms* esa ge cjkcj gh etnwjksa dk lkFk nsrs gSaA vky bafM;k fdlku lHkk dk v‚fQl T;ksagh esjs gkFk esa lu~ 1936 esa vk;k fd eSa mls –<+ cukus esa yx x;kA fcgkj çkarh; fdlku&lHkk ds dk;Z ls ftruk le; cp ikrk] mlh esa yxkrkA çk;% lHkh çkarksa esa nkSjs Hkh fd, % dgha ,d ckj vkSj dgha rks vusd ckjA T;knkrj txgksa esa vusd ckj gh x;kA bl ekeys esa eSaus Jh banqyky ;kfKd dks cgqr gh eqLrSn ik;kA os eq>ls tcnZLrh dke ysrsA mUgha ds djrs eq>s [kke[okg le; fudkyuk iM+rkA tc eSa nwljh ckj lHkkifr pquk x;k rc Hkh ;g esjh dksf'k'k iwoZor jghA vHkh&vHkh rks xr o"kZ bruh dksf'k'k ds ckn nks&,d dks NksM+ lHkh çkarksa esa ckdk;nk fdlku&lHkk ds esacj cuok ds muls vky bafM;k dk fgLlk olwy fd;k gSA blds igys çk;% O;fäxr pans ls]rFkk dqN çkarksa ls ;ksa gh olwy fd, iSlksa ls gh fdlh çdkj v‚fQl pyrk FkkA exj eSa bl ckr dk fojks/kh gw¡A turk dh laLFkk,¡ vkSj x.k vkanksyu] ftUgsa fdlkuksa] etnwjksa vkSj vU; 'kksf"krksa ds gkFk esa iw.kZ&:is.k jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd vf/kdkj fnykuk gS ;k ;ksa dfg,] fd ftUgsa yM+ ds vkSjksa ls muds }kjk ;s vf/kdkj Nhuuk gS]og rc rd etcwr ugha gks ldrh gSa] vkSj u vius y{; dks gh çkIr dj ldrh gS]a tc rd nwljksa ds pans ls ckgjh vknfe;ksa ds }kjk mudk lapkyu gksrk gSA blhfy, dHkh&dHkh lkfFk;ksa ds dksi dk Hkktu cu ds Hkh eq>s tcjnLrh ;g dke djuk iM+k gSA Qyr%] Lokoyach cuus ds jkLrs ij dqN nwj rd Hkkjrh; fdlku&lHkk dks ykus esa eSa leFkZ Hkh gqvk gw¡A

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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iqj[ks unh fdukjs] lkxj rhjs] ioZr&ioZr ?kkVh&?kkVh cuk ckoyk lw¡?k jgk gw¡] eSa vius iqj[kksa dh ekVhA flaèkq] tgk¡ lSaèko Vkiksa ds] xgjs cgqr fu'kku cus Fks gk; [kqjksa ls dkSu dVk Fkk] ckck esjs fdlku cus FksA xzhd clk;k] felz clk;k] fn;k erZck bVyh dks] exèk clk Fkk ykSg ds Åij] ejs iqjfu;k [kkuksa esaA dgk¡ gM+Iik] dgk¡ lokuk] dgk¡ oksYxk] felhflih] ejh VsEl esa Mwc vkSjrsa] Hkw[kh] I;klh] ynh&QnhA ogk¡ dkiqvk ds egyksa ds] uhps [kwu xqykeksa ds] cgrh gS ,d èkkj ygw dh] vjch rsy [knkuksa esaA dTtkdksa dh cgqr yM+fd;k¡ Hkkx xbZa eaxksyksa ij] Mwck pkbuk ;kaxfVlh esa] yVdk gqvk fnokyksa lsA iRFkj <ksrk jgk ihB ij] frCcr nykbZ ykek dk] fo;ruke esa jsM bafM;u] ce c¡èkok, isVksa isA fo'o;q) vkLVsªfy;k dk dqÙkk] tkdj ejk lfcZ;k esa] ;kn gS cluk mu lcksZa dk] MsU;wc unh ds rhjs ij] jgh jkSanrh jkseu QkStsa] lfn;ksa ftuds lhuksa dksA Mwch vkcknh 'kga'kkg ds ,d] rkt ds eksrh esa] fdLls dgrh jgha iqjf[kusa] vuqie jktdqekjh dhA èk¡lh y'djsa xk,¡] HkSalsa] HksM+ cdfj;k¡ nyny esa] dkSu fy[ksxk bCucrwrk] ;k fQjnkSlh x+t+yksa esaA [kwu u lw[kk d"kk?kkr dk] ?kko u iwtk dksjksa dk] vjs okg js C;wlhQsyl] psrd csnqy ?kksM+ksa dkA tqYe u gksrk tyu u gksrh] tksr u txrh] Økafr u gksrh] fcuk Økafr ds [kqys [ktkuk] dgha dHkh Hkh 'kkafr u gksrhA &jek'kadj ;kno mQZ foæksg h y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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fgtkc

fgtkc ,s fQ+rukijoj vc mBk ysrh rks vPNk Fkk [kqn vius gqLu dks ijnk cuk ysrh rks vPNk Fkk rsjh uhph ut+j [kqn rsjh vLer dh eqgkfQ+t+ gS rw bl u'rj dh rst+h vktek ysrh rks vPNk Fkk rsjh phus t+ch [k+qn bd lt+k dkuwus-fQ+rjr esa blh 'ke'khj ls dkjs-lt+k ysrh rks vPNk Fkk ;s rsjk tnZ #[k ;s [kq'd yc ;s oge ;s og'kr rw vius lj ls ;s ckny gVk ysrh rks vPNk Fkk fnys et:g dks et:grj djus ls D;k gkfly rw vkยกlw iksaN dj vc eqLdqjk ysrh rks vPNk Fkk rsjs ekFks dk Vhdk enZ dh fdLer dk rkjk gS vxj rw lkts csnkjh mBk ysrh rks vPNk Fkk rsjs ekFks is ;s vkยกpy cgqr gh [kwc gS ysfdu rw bl vkยกpy ls ,d ijpe cuk ysrh rks vPNk FkkA &vljk#y gd+ etkt y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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lwjt dks ugha Mwcus nw¡xk &loZ s' ojn;ky lDlsu k vc eSa lwjt dks ugha Mwcus nw¡xkA ns[kks eSaus daèks pkSM+s dj fy, gSa eqfë;k¡ etcwr dj yh gSa vkSj <yku ij ,fM+;k¡ tekdj [kM+k gksuk eSaus lh[k fy;k gSA ?kcjkvks er] eSa f{kfrt ij tk jgk gw¡A lwjt Bhd tc igkMh ls yq<+dus yxsxk eSa daèks vM+k nw¡xk] ns[kuk og ogha Bgjk gksxkA vc eSa lwjt dks ugh Mwcus nw¡xkA eSaus lquk gS mlds jFk esa rqe gks rqEgsa eSa mrkj ykuk pkgrk gw¡ rqe tks Lokèkhurk dh çfrek gks rqe tks lkgl dh ewfrZ gks rqe tks èkjrh dk lq[k gks rqe tks dkykrhr I;kj gks rqe tks esjh èkeuh dk çokg gks rqe tks esjh psruk dk foLrkj gks rqEgsa eSa ml jFk ls mrkj ykuk pkgrk gw¡A jFk ds ?kksM+s vkx mxyrs jgsa vc ifg;s Vl ls el ugha gksaxs eSaus vius daèks pkSM+s dj fy;s gSaA dkSu jksdsxk rqEgsa eSaus èkjrh cM+h dj yh gS vUu dh lqugjh ckfy;ksa ls eSa rqEgsa ltkÅ¡xk] eSaus lhuk [kksy fy;k gS I;kj ds xhrkas esa eSa rqEgsa xkÅ¡xk eSaus –f"V cM+h dj yh gS gj vk¡[kksa esa rqEgsa liuksa lk QgjkÅ¡xkA lwjt tk,xk Hkh rks dgk¡ mls ;gha jguk gksxk ;gha gekjh lkalksa esa] gekjh jxksa esa gekjs ladYiksa esa] gekjs jrtxksa esa rqe mnkl er gksvks] vc eSa fdlh Hkh lwjt dks] ugha Mwcus nw¡xkA y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xh-----jkgksa ij uhyke gekjh Hkw[k ugha gks ik,xhA viuh dksf'k'k gS fd ,slh lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xhA dSn gS ftuds xksnkeksa esa viuk [kwu&ilhuk] js! mUgha tek[kksjksa ds dkj.k eqf'dy gqvk gS thuk] js! vktknh dh f[kM+dh gj nhokj is [kksyh tk,xhA viuh dksf'k'k gS fd ,slh lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xhA vHkh ;gk¡ dkykcktkjh tkjh gS cktkjksa esaA cpk gqvk Hkh c¡V tkrk gSA lkjs M.Mhekjksa esaA ysfdu dy gj pht cjkcj lcesa ck¡Vh tk,xhA viuh dksf'k'k gS fd ,slh lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xhA Hkw[k u vc B.Mh dj ik,] vkx gekjs vanj dhA I;kl gekjh dy u gksxh] nklh fdlh leUnj dhA ,d nqfu;k esgur ls ;gk¡ clkbZ tk,xhA viuh dksf'k'k gS fd ,slh lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xhA dHkh u viuh ,dk VwVs] cVekjksa dh lkft'k esaA dHkh gekjs ik¡o u HkVdsa flQZ vkilh jaft'k esaA dy ckgsa QSyk dj eafty gedks xys yxk,xhA viuh dksf'k'k gS fd ,slh lqcg ;gk¡ ij vk,xhA &thou ;nq

y ksd lya? k"kZ ksdif= ld a? k"k kZfo'ks i f=" kkad d k f o 'Q ks" kkajojh&2016 d Q j o j h& 2 0 1 6

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