Rastravad deshbhakti aur swatantra

lad yudrkZ dey u;u dkcjk j.k/khj flag ^lqeu* ,-ds- v#.k jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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lad yudrkZ & dey u;u dkcjk j.k/khj flag ^lqe u* ,-ds- v#.k iz d k'kd& yksd la?k"kZ izdk'ku fudV Mh0oh0,l0 Ldwy] y[kisM+kckx] ckjkcadh&225001] m0iz0 eksckby % 09450195427 ;qok laokn 167, ,/th-,p&2] if'pe fogkj] ubZ fnYyh&110063 Qksu %+ 91&11&25272799 bZ&esy : ysamvad@gmail.com izdk'ku o"kZ

&2017

lg;ksx jkf'k

& 50@& :i;s

eqnzd % 'kqHk dEI;wVlZ ,.M fizUVlZ flfoy dksVZ] ckjkcadh eksckby % 9936900677 iqLrd dk izdk'ku gsYFk ,tqds'ku vkVZ ykbQ Qkm.Ms'ku (ghy) ds lkStU; ls fd;k x;k gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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nks 'kCn jk"Vªokn gekjh lkekftdrk dh loksZÙke] ldkjkRed] jkxkRed vkSj dÙkZO;fu"B vfHkO;fä gSA jk"Vªokn ekuoh;rk dk ltho vkSj lfØ; :i gSA lcdh Lok/khurk] lekurk vkSj HkkbZpkjk ekuoh;rk ds 'kk'or] lkFkZd rÙo gSAa bu lcds leUo; }kjk l`ftr ekuoh; O;fäxr] lkekftd vkSj jk"Vªh; thou ds lg&vfLrÙo esa lcds fy, lR;&f'ko&lqUnj :ih; lQyrk fufgr gSA &dey u;u dkcjk &j.k/khj flag *lqeu* &,-ds- v#.k jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn

fo"k;&lw p h

05&12

&johUnz ukFk VSxksj ns'k] /keZ vkSj jk"Vªokn

13&14 MkW- loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku xzkE'kh] bVyh dk Qklhokn 15&37 &,tkT+k vgen jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku 38&41 &dey u;u dkcjk jktnzkgs ] bZ'k fuank vkSj eSdkFkhZokn 42&50 &jke'kj.k tks' kh fo|kFkhZ vkSj jk"Vªlos k 51&53 &Hkxr flag bfrgkl vkSj jk"Vªokn 54&63 &jksf eyk Fkkij@gjca' k eq f [k;k lkekftd U;k; vkSj jk"Vªokn 64&69 &dUgS;k dqekj jk"Vªokn % yksdra= vkSj orZeku jktuhfr 70&72 &izrki Hkkuq esgrk fdruh Hkkjr ekrk\ 73&74 &Hkkjr nkslh ns'kHkDr cuke ns'knzkgs h 75&78 &vkuUn Lo:Ik oekZ jk"Vªh; fodkl -------79&83 &dey u;u dkcjk ;g Hkkjr ekrk dkSu gSa\ 84&87 &lqeu ds'kjh fdldks ueu d:¡ eSa Hkkjr\ 88&91 &'k=q?u izlkn flag ns'kizse vkSj ok.kh&Lokra=~; 92&94 &fot; 'kad j O;kl BHAGAT SINGH'S NATIONALISM -C.Uday Bhaskar jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

95-96

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Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn &johUnz ukFk VSxksj Hkkjr esa gekjh vlyh leL;k jktuSfrd ugha] lkekftd gSA ;g fLFkfr dsoy Hkkjr dh gh ugha cfYd lHkh ns'kksa dh gSA esjh #fp ek= jktuhfr esa ugha gSA if'pe esa jktuhfr] if'peh vkn'kksZa ij] gkoh jgh gS vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh ge mldk vuqdj.k djus yxs gSAa gesa ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd ;wjksi esa tgk¡ 'kq: ls gh bu ns'kksa esa uLyoknh ,drk jgh gS vkSj ;gk¡ jgus okys yksxkas ds fy, izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dh deh jgh gS&lH;rk dk lgt gh esa jktuSfrd o O;kikfjd vkØkedrk okyk pfj= jgk gSA ,d rjQ rks budh dksbZ vkarfjd isphnfx;k¡ ugha jgh gSa rks nwljh rjQ bUgsa ,sls iM+ksfl;ksa ls fuiVuk iM+k] tks 'kfDr'kkyh o yksHkh FksA viuksa ds chp vkn'kZ la;kstu cuk, j[kuk vkSj nwljksa ds izfr 'k=qrk dk pkSdl #[k cuk, j[kus dks leL;kvksa dk lek/kku ekuk x;kA 'kq:&'kq: esa bUgksaus laxfBr gksdj ywVikV dhA vkt ds ;qx esa Hkh ogh Hkkouk fo|eku gS&os laxfBr gksdj iwjs fo'o dk 'kks"k.k dj jgs gSaA ysfdu bfrgkl ds vkjafHkd dky ls gh Hkkjr Hkh viuh ,d leL;k ls yxkrkj tw>rk jgk gS&vkSj ;g leL;k gS tkfr izFkk dhA izR;sd ns'k vius y{; dks ysdj ltx jgk gS vkSj Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks le>uk pkfg, fd geus tc Hkh jktuSfrd cuus dh dksf'k'k dh] gekjh cM+h futhZo Nfo curh jgh gS D;ksfa d fo/kkrk us gekjs fy, tks dqN jpk gS] mls ikus esa ge vius dks vHkh rS;kj ugha dj lds gSaA vusd dfBukb;ksa ds ckotwn Hkkjr us fQj Hkh dqN fd;k gSA mlus vius ;gk¡ fo|eku erHksnksa dks Lohdkj fd;k gS] tgk¡ dgha ,sls erHksn fn[krs gS]a vkSj bl lcds ckotwn ,drk dk dqN iz;kl fd;k gSA ,sls iz;kl gekjs larksa us Hkh fd, gS]a tSls fd ukud] dchj pSrU; o vU;ksa us vkSj mUgksua s lHkh tkfr;ksa dks bZ'oj ds ,d gksus ds mins'k fn, gSaA viuh leL;k dk lek/kku dj ge fo'o dh leL;k dks lqy>kus esa Hkh enn djsx a As Hkkjr tks dqN dHkh Fkk] ogh vkt iwjk fo'o gSA iwjk fo'o oSKkfud lqfo/kk ds vUrxZr ,d ns'k esa cny jgk gSA og {k.k vk jgk gS] tc vkidks Hkh ,drk ds fy, fdlh vk/kkj dks <w¡<+uk gksxk vkSj og vk/kkj jktuSfrd ugha gksxkA vxj Hkkjr fo'o dks viuk lek/kku izLrqr djrk gS] rks ;g ekuork dks mldk ;ksxnku gksxkA dsoy ,d gh bfrgkl jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gS& ekuo dk bfrgklA ns'kksa ds bfrgkl rks c`gr~ bfrgkl ds v/;k; ek= gSAa Hkkjr bl egku mn~ns'; ds fy, nq%[k mBkus esa Hkh larks"k dk vuqHko djsxkA gj O;fDr dks vkReizse gksrk gSA blfy, mldh ikf'od o`fŸk vius LokFkZ dh flf) ds fy, nwljksa ls >xM+k djus ds fy, izfs jr djrh jgrh gSA ysfdu ekuo esa lgkuqHkwfr rFkk ijLij lgk;rk djus dh mPp o`fŸk;k¡ Hkh gksrh gSaA ftu yksxksa esa bl mPp uSfrd 'kfDr dh deh gksrh gS vkSj ,d&nwljs ds izfr HkkbZpkjs dk fuokZg ugha dj ikrs] mUgsa ;k rks foyqIr gks tkuk pkfg, ;k fQj mUgsa bl gzkl'khy voLFkk esa gh jguk gksxkA ogh yksx mŸkjthoh gksrs gSa vkSj lH;rk dk Qy p[krs gSa] ftuesa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk izcy gksrh gSA vr% ge tkurs gSa fd bfrgkl ds vkjaHk ls gh yksxksa dks ,d&nwljs ls >xM+us vFkok lg;ksx djus] vius LokFkZ dks lk/kus vFkok lHkh ds leku fgrksa ds chp pquko djrs jguk iM+k gSA eq>s ;g dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gS fd ftUgsa izes dh uSfrd 'kfDr o vkfRed ,drk dk ojnku izkIr gS] ftuesa ijk;ksa ds izfr 'k=qrk dh Hkkouk ugha gS vkSj ijk;ksa dh txg [kqn dks j[kdj lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ varn`Zf"V ls dke ysrs gS]a os gh vkus okys ;qx esa LFkk;h txg ikus ds ;ksX;re fl) gksx a sA tcfd os] tks ijk;ksa ls >xM+us o muds izfr vlgu'khyrk dk Hkko cuk, j[krs gSa] os foyqIr gks tk,¡xAs gekjs lkeus ;gh leL;k gS vkSj gesa viuh mnkŸk o`fŸk dh lgk;rk ls bldk lek/kku [kkstdj viuh ekuork dk ifjp; nsuk gksxkA os fojkV laxBu] tks nwljksa dks gkfu igq¡pkrs ,oa muds izgkjksa dks foQy dj nsrs gSa] nwljksa dks ihNs /kdsydj /kujkf'k dek jgs gSa] gekjs dqN dke ugha vk,¡xAs blds foijhr mudk dqpy nsus okyk cks>] mudh Hkkjh&Hkjde ykxr vkSj thoar ekuork ij mudk 'kked izHkko gekjh mRd`"V lH;rk ds thou dh Lora=rk dks O;kid Lrj ij ckf/kr djsxkA jk"Vª dh /kkj.kk ds fodkl ds nkSjku HkkbZpkjs dh laLd`fr HkkSxksfyd lhekvksa esa dSn Fkh D;ksafd ml le; ;gh lhek,¡ okLrfod FkhaA ij vc os ijEijk ls pyh vk jgh dkYifud js[kk,¡ Hkj gSa] tks lpeqp dh ck/kkvksa ls eqDr gSAa vr% le; vk x;k gS fd euq"; dh uSfrd o`fŸk bl lpkbZ dks vc xaHkhjrk ls le>s ;k fQj [kRe gks tk,A cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh igyh var%izjs .kk rks ;gh gksuh pkfg, fd euq"; dks vius ghu Hkkoks]a ykyp o Øwj ?k`.kk dks] eaFku dj ckgj djuk gksxkA ;fn ;g fLFkfr vfuf'pr dky rd cuh jgrh gS] 'kL=&HkaMkj csgwnh lhek rd yxkrkj c<+rk jgrk gS] e'khusa jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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o HkaMkj?kj gekjh lqanj /kjrh dks /kwy] /kq,¡ vkSj Hkn~nsiu ls yxkrkj ?ksjrs jgrs gSa rks bldk var vkRegR;k ds izToyu esa gksxkA vr% ekuo dks ,d vkSj egku leUo; ds fy, iwjh rjg vius izes rFkk dYiuk dh 'kfDr yxkuh gksxh] ftlls og leLr ekuoksa dh nqfu;k dks lfEefyr dj lds] u fd fofHkUu ns'kksa ds ekuo&lewgksa dh vkaf'kdrk dksA orZeku le; esa ;g vkg~oku gjsd O;fDr ds fy, gS rkfd u, ;qx ds fy, og Lo;a dks rFkk vius ifjos'k dks blds fy, rS;kj dj lds] tgk¡ O;fDr lHkh ekuo&izkf.k;ksa dh vk/;kfRed ,drk esa viuh vkRek dks [kkst ik,xkA gesa iDds rkSj ij ;g tku ysuk pkfg, fd gekjk ,d Hkfo"; Hkh gS vkSj ;g Hkfo"; mu yksxksa dh izrh{kk dj jgk gS] tks uSfrd vkn'kksZa dks ysdj le`) gSa] u fd HkkSfrd phtksa dks ysdjA ekuo dk ;g fo'ks"kkf/kdkj gS fd og ,sls Qy ikus ds fy, dke djs] tks fQygky mls rqjra miyC/k ugha gSa vkSj og viuk thou ,sls lek;ksft djs tks gwcgw fdlh rkRdkfyd lQyrk ij vFkok mlds vius gh de egRokdka{kh foosdiw.kZ vrhr ij vk/kkfjr u gks cfYd ;g vuar Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djs tks mPp vkdka{kk okys gekjs vkn'kksZa ij vk/kkfjr gksA gesa Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd if'pe dk Hkkjr esa vkuk le;ksfpr gSA ij ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd dksbZ izkP; dk if'pe ls ifjp; djk, vkSj if'pe dks fo'okl fnyk, fd lH;rk ds bfrgkl esa izkP; dks Hkh viuk ;ksxnku nsuk gSA Hkkjr if'pe dk fHk[kkjh ugha gSA blds ckotwn ;fn if'pe ;gh le>rk gS] rc Hkh eSa if'peh lH;rk dks NksM+ nsus ds i{k esa ugha vkSj u gh viuh Lora=rk ds ekeys esa vyx&Fkyx iM+ tkus dsA gesa dgha xgjk lkgp;Z fuHkkuk gksxkA vxj fo/kkrk baXySM a dks ml laiz{s k.k dk] ml xaHkhj lkgp;Z dk ek/;e cukuk pkgrk gS] rks eSa iwjh fouezrk ds lkFk bls Lohdkj djrk gw¡A eq>s ekuo LoHkko esa iwjk ;dhu gS vkSj eq>s yxrk gS fd if'pe viuk lPpk mn~n's ; [kkst ysxkA eSa if'peh lH;rk dk rc dVq vkykspd gksrk gw]¡ tc eq>s yxrk gS fd ;g vius fo'okl ls Mxexk jgk gS vkSj futh iz;kstu Fkksi jgk gSA viuh LokFkZ Hkjh t:jrksa ds fy, 'kfDr dk bLrseky dj] if'pe dks] fo'o dk vfHk'kki ugha cuuk pkfg, cfYd vKkuh dks lh[k nsdj o detksj dh lgk;rk dj] mls [kqn dks ml Hk;kud [krjs ls cpkuk pkfg,] fd rkdroj gh detksj dks 'kfDr cVksjus ds fy, foo'k dj mls izfrjks/k djus ds fy, mdlkrk gSA blds vykok mls vius HkkSfrdokn dks gh vafre lR; ugha eku ysuk pkfg, cfYd mls le>uk pkfg, fd HkkSfrd rRo dh nklrk ls euq"; dks eqfDr fnykdj og lsok gh dj jgk gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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,d ckj fQj eSa vkidk /;ku mu dfBukb;ksa dh vksj ys tkuk pkg¡x w k ftuls Hkkjro"kZ tw> jgk gS vkSj muls eqfDr ikus dk iz;kl dj jgk gSA mldh leL;k y?kq vkdkj esa fo'o dh leL;k gSA {ks=Qy esa Hkkjr o"kZ cgqr cM+k gS vkSj tkfr;ksa dh Hkh ;gk¡ cgqr fofo/krk gSA ;g ,d HkkSxksfyd LFkku esa dbZ ns'kksa dk ,d lkFk gksuk gSA ;g okLrfod ;wjksi ds Bhd foijhr fLFkfr gS % ;kuh ,d ns'k dk dbZ ns'kksa esa caVukA bl izdkj] ;wjksi dks viuh laLd`fr rFkk fodkl ds ekeys esa vusd ns'kksa rFkk ,d ns'k dh 'kfDr dk nksgjk ykHk feyk gSA Hkkjro"kZ] blds foijhr] vusd gksus ds ckotwn ckgjh :i ls ,d gksus ,oa viuh fofo/krk ds <hysiu o ,drk ds ekeys esa detksj gksus ds dkj.k yxkrkj uqdlku esa jgk gSA vlyh ,drk rks xksy ^Xyksc* ds leku gksrh gS( ;g ?kwerh jgrh gS vkSj viuk cks> vklkuh ls mBk ysrh gSA ysfdu fofo/krk rks cgq&dks.kh; pht gksrh gS ftls iwjh 'kfDr ls [khapus o /kdsyrs jguk iM+rk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh bl fo"k; esa iz'kalk gh djuh gksxh fd ;g fofo/krk mldh viuh cukbZ gqbZ ugha gSA mls rks vius bfrgkl ds vkjaHk ls gh bls ,d lpkbZ ds :i esa Lohdkj djuk iM+k FkkA vejhdk] vkLVªfs y;k o ;wjksi us viuh leL;k dks bl rjg gy dj fy;k fd ewy yksxksa dks yxHkx lekIr gh dj MkykA orZekku ;qx esa Hkh lekIr djus dh ;g Hkkouk izdV gksrh jgrh gS&fonsf'k;ksa ds izfr vlRdkj'khy joS;s }kjk vkSj og Hkh mu yksxksa }kjk tks [kqn dHkh fons'kh Fks vkSj vkt ml tehu ds ekfyd cus gq, gSaA ysfdu Hkkjro"kZ us 'kq: ls gh tkfr;ksa dh fHkUurk dks Lohdkj dj fy;k Fkk vkSj mlds laiw.kZ bfrgkl esa lfg".kqrk dh ;g Hkkouk >ydrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA Hkkjr dh tkfr izFkk bl lfg".kqrk dh Hkkouk dk gh ifj.kke gSA Hkkjro"kZ nh?kZ vof/k ls lkekftd ,drk ds fodkl ls lacaf/kr ;g iz;ksx djrk jgk gS fd ,d rjQ rks lHkh yksxksa esa ,drk dh Hkkouk cuh jgs rks nwljh rjQ viuh fHkUurk ds ckotwn os viuh Lora=rk dk vkuan mBkrs jg ldsAa ;g laca/k ;FkklaHko <hyk jgk gS vkSj lkFk gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i fudVrk dk HkhA blus ,d rjg ds lkekftd la?k ds la;qDr jk"Vªkas dks tUe fn;k gS ftldk uke gS fganqRoA Hkkjr o"kZ ;g eglwl djrk jgk gS fd tkfr;ksa dh fHkUurk gS vkSj gksuh Hkh pkfg,] pkgs blesa fdruh Hkh =qfV;k¡ gksa vkSj] vki izd`fr dks viuh lqfo/kk dh rax lhekvksa ds fy, dHkh etcwj ugha dj ldrs vU;Fkk ,d fnu blds fy, cgqr cM+h dher pqdkuh gksxhA bl lanHkZ esa Hkkjro"kZ Bhd FkkA ysfdu mlls bl ckr dks le>us esa Hkwy ;g gqbZ fd ekuoh; fHkUurk igkM+kas jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ds HkkSfrd vojks/k dh rjg LFkkbZ ugha gksrh&;g fHkUurk rks thou ds izokg dh rjg xfr'khy gksrh gS] og viuk izokg cnyrh jgrh gS vkSj viuk vkdkj o vk;ru HkhA vr% viuh tkfr izFkk ds fu;eu ds fy, Hkkjro"kZ us fHkUurk dks rks Lohd`fr nh ysfdu ifjorZu'khyrk dks ugha] tks thou dk fu;e gSA Vdjko ls cpus ds fy, mlus vpy nhokjksa dh lhek,¡ cuk nha vkSj bl izdkj cgqfo/k tkfr;ksa dks 'kkafr o O;oLFkk dk /kukRed ykHk rks igq¡pk ysfdu izlkj o xfr'khyrk dk xq.kkRed ykHk ugha igq¡p ldkA mlus izd`fr dk og :i rks Lohdkj dj fy;k] tgk¡ ;g fofo/krk dks tUe nsrh gS ysfdu ml :i dh mis{kk dj nh] tgk¡ izd`fr vifjes; ds fo'o [ksy] ØeifjorZu ,oa la;kstu esa] bl fofo/krk dk bLrseky djrh gSA mlus thou ds izfr iwjh lpkbZ ls O;ogkj fd;k] tgk¡ og cgqvk;keh Fkk ysfdu ogk¡ mldk vieku fd;k] tgk¡ og lnSo xfreku FkkA blfy, thou mldh lkekftd i)fr ls fudy x;k vkSj mlds LFkku ij mlus vla[; mi[kaMksa dh vkuq"Bkfud iwtk djuh 'kq: dj nh ftldk fuekZ.k Hkh mlus Lo;a gh fd;k FkkA tc mlus O;kikfjd fgrksa dh VdjkgV dks jksdus dh dksf'k'k dh] rc Hkh oSlk gh gqvkA mlus fofHkUu O;kikjksa rFkk O;olk;ksa dks fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ls tksM+ fn;kA bldk ,d vPNk izHkko ;g iM+k fd izfrLi/kkZ dh bZ";kZ o ?k`.kk yacs le; rd Vy xbZ&izfrLi/kkZ tks Øwjrk dks iuikrh gS vkSj okrkoj.k dks >wB o /kks[ks ls nwf"kr dj nsrh gSA Hkkjro"kZ us bl ekeys esa Hkh ifjorZu ds dkuwu dh mis{kk dj] viuk lkjk tksj iSr`d dkuwu ij Mkyk vkSj bl izdkj Øe'k% dykvksa dks gLrdykvksa esa o izfrHkk dks dkS'ky esa cny fn;kA Hkkjro"kZ esa vf/kdka'k orZeku jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh vke jk; ;gh gS fd ge vius lkekftd o vk/;kfRed vkn'kksZa dh iw.kZrk ds vafre nkSj esa ig¡qp pqds gSaA gekjs tUe ds gtkjksa lky igys lekt dks cukus dk jpukRed dke iwjk gks pqdk gS vkSj vc ge viuh lHkh xfrfof/k;k¡ jktuSfrd fn'kk dh vksj dsafnzr dj ldrs gSaA geus viuh orZeku vlgk;rk ds fy, lkekftd vleFkZrk dks nks"kh djkj nsus dk dHkh liuk Hkh ugha fy;k D;ksfa d geus eku fy;k fd jk"Vªoknh fl)karksa dks Lohd`fr nsdj gekjs iwoZtksa us bl lkekftd O;oLFkk dks lfn;ksa ds fy, iw.kZ cuk fn;k gSA vkf[kj muds ikl vfrekuoh; varn`Zf"V rFkk vykSfdd 'kfDr;k¡ Fkha ftldh otg ls Hkkoh ;qxksa rd ds fy, ;s O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa lksp lds FksA blfy, vius jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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d"Vksa rFkk vHkkoksa ds fy, ge ,sfrgkfld vk'p;ksZa dks ftEesnkj Bgjkrs gSa] tks gekjs lkeus ckgj ls vk /kedrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ge eku ysrs gSa fd gekjk ,d nkf;Ro lkekftd xqykeh dh cyqvk nyny ij Lora=rk ds jktuSfrd peRdkj dks LFkkfir djuk gSA oLrqr% ge vius ,sfrgkfld izokg ds lPps Lo:Ik dks ck¡/kuk pkgrs gSa vkSj nwljs yksxksa ds bfrgkl ds lzksrksa ls 'kfDr ek¡xuk pkgrs gSaA Hkkjr eas geesa ls tks yksx bl Hkze esa gSa fd ek= jktuSfrd Lora=rk ikdj ge Lora= gks tk,¡xs] os Hkh if'pe ls lh[ks lcd dks osnokD; dh rjg ekuus yxs gSa vkSj ekuork ij ls mudk fo'okl mB x;k gSA gesa ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd ge vius lekt dh ftu detksfj;ksa dks vk¡[k dh iqryh cuk, gq, gS]a jktuhfr esa ogh [krjukd lkfcr gks ldrh gSaA ftl fuf"Ø;rk ds dkj.k ge vius lkekftd laLFkkuksa ds e`r :ikdkjksa dh iwtk esa layXu gks tkrs gS]a ogh jktuhfr esa dBksj nhokjksa okys dSn[kkus Hkh cuk nsaxhA lgkuqHkwfr dh ftl deh ds dkj.k ge ekuork ds ,d cgqr cM+s va'k ij ghurk dk tqvk Mky nsrs gSa] ogh gekjh jktuhfr esa vU;k; dh fujadq'krk Fkksius ds fy, foo'k dj nsxhA tc gekjs jk"Vªoknh vkn'kksZa dh ckr djrs gSa rks os Hkwy tkrs gSa fd jk"Vªokn dk vk/kkj mudh vuqifLFkfr gSA tks yksx bu vkn'kksZa ds laokgd gSa] ogh lkekftd O;ogkj ds ekeys esa cM+s dV~VjiaFkh gks tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] jk"Vªokfn;ksa dk dguk gS fd fLoV~tjySM a dks nsf[k,] tgk¡ uLy dh fofHkUurkvksads ckotwn yksx ,d etcwr jk"Vª ds :i esa [kM+s gSaA ij ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd fLoV~tjySaM esa ;s uLysa ,d&nwljs ls ?kqy fey ldrh gSa] ,d nwljs ls 'kknh&C;kg dj ldrh gSa D;ksfa d mudk [kwu ,d gSA Hkkjr o"kZ esa dksbZ leku tUefl) vf/kdkj ugha gS vkSj tc ge if'peh jk"Vªh;rk dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ogk¡ jk"Vªkas esa ijLij 'kkjhfjd ?k`.kk ugha gS tSls fd gekjs ;gk¡ fofHkUu tkfr;ksa esa vkil esa ?k`.kk gSA D;k iwjh nqfu;k esa dksbZ ,slk n`"Vkar miyC/k gS] tgk¡ yksxksa dks vkil esa ?kqyus&feyus dh btktr ugha gS vkSj fQj Hkh os fdlh etcwjh ;k yksHk ds fcuk ,d&nwljs ds fy, [kwu cgkus dks rS;kj gksa\ vkSj D;k ge dHkh bldh vk'kk dj ldrs gSa fd gekjh jktuSfrd ,drk ds jkLrs esa uLy lfEeJ.k ds iz;klksa dks ;s uSfrd O;o/kku ckf/kr ugha djsx a s\ gesa bl rF; dks Hkh iwjh rjg Lohdkj dj ysuk pkfg, fd gekjs lkekftd fu"ks/k vkt Hkh cgqr vf/kd dBksj gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd os iq#"kksa dks dk;j rd cuk Mkyrs gSAa ;fn dksbZ iq#"k eq>s crkrk gS fd mlds fopkj jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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v&lukruh gSa ysfdu og mu ij py ugha ldrk D;ksafd lekt mls cfg"d`r dj nsxk] rc eSa mls >wB dh ftUnxh thus ds fy, ekQ dj nsrk gw¡ rkfd og viuh ftUnxh th ldsA eu dh lkekftd vknr ;g gS fd og gesa mu laxh&lkfFk;ksa ds thou dks dfBu cukus ds fy, izfs jr djrk gS] tks gekjs lkFk lger ugha gSa] ;gk¡ rd fd Hkkstu rd ds ekeys esaA vkSj ;gh vknr gekjs jktuSfrd laxBu dks izHkkfor djsxh rFkk lkekU; erHksnksa rd dks] tks oLrqr% thou dk ladrs ekus tkrs gS]a nckus esa vR;kpkj ds batu dk :i ys ysxhA vkf[kj ;g vR;kpkj gekjs jktuSfrd thou esa >wB rFkk ik[kaM dks yk,xkA D;k Lora=rk dk uke ek= bruk ewY;oku gS fd ge mlds ,ot esa viuh uSfrd Lora=rk rd dh cfy ns nsx a s\ tc ge viuh tokuh ds tks'k esa gksrs gS]a rc gekjh vknrksa ds vla;e dk izHkko rqjUr fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ij /khjs&/khjs ;g tks'k [kRe gksrk jgrk gS vkSj fQj gekjk iru gks tkrk gS] rc gesa fglkc pqdkus ds fy, bldh dher nsuh gksrh gS] tks gesa nhokfy;k cuk nsrh gSA if'pe esa vkt Hkh vki viuk flj Å¡pk j[ks gq, gSa gkyk¡fd vkidh ekuork laxfBr 'kfDr ds u'ks esa pwj gksdj gj {k.k nq[k ik jgh gSA Hkkjr us Hkh vius ;kSou ds Lo.kZdky esa vius vR;ko';d vaxksa ij] xSj&yphyh iw.kZrk ds dBksj lkekftd laxBukas dk] O;FkZ dk cks> mBk;k gqvk FkkA ij ;g mlds fy, ?kkrd fl) gqvk vkSj blus Øe'k% mldh thoar izd`fr dks gh ydokxzLr dj fn;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr dk f'kf{kr lekt viuh lkekftd t:jrksa ds izfr laosnu'khy ugha jgk gSA og vius lkekftd <k¡ps dh vpyrk dks gh iw.kZrk dk ladrs eku cSBk gSA gekjs lkekftd vo;o&laLFkku ds vaxksa dks nnZ tSlh LoLFk ihM+k dk vuqHko ugha gks jgk gS rks mlus ;g lksp fy;k gS fd mls mipkj dh dksbZ t:jr gh ugha gSA blfy, f'kf{kr lekt lksprk gS fd mldh lkjh ÅtkZ dh t:jr jktuSfrd {ks= dks gh gSA ;g fLFkfr rks ,slh gS] tSls fd vkneh dh Vkaxas fldqMd + j csdkj gks pqdh gksa ysfdu og ;gh eryc fudkyrk jgs fd ;s vax blfy, fLFkj gks x, gSa fd mUgksaus viuk iw.kZ fodkl ik fy;k Fkk] vkSj nks"k mldh Vkaxksa esa ugha cfYd NM+h ds NksVs gksus esa gSA tks izyksHku 'kfDr'kkyh ds fy, ?kkrd gS] og detksj ds fy, rks vkSj Hkh T;knk ?kkrd gksxkA Hkkjrh; thou ds fy, eSa bldk dHkh Lokxr ugha d:¡xk] Hkys gh ;g vehjksa ds bZ'oj }kjk D;ksa u Hkstk tk,A esjh rks izkFkZuk gS fd gekjk thou ckgj ls lknk rFkk Hkhrj ls le`) gksA gekjh lH;rk lkekftd lg;ksx ds vk/kkj ij n`<+rk ls fVdh jgh] u fd vkfFkZd jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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'kks"k.k o la?k"kZ ds vk/kkj ijA tc gekjs thou&rRo ij vkfFkZd vtxjksa ds nkar xM+s gksa] rc ;g dSls laHko gksxkA ;g iz'u mu lHkh izkP; jk"Vªksa ds fopkjdksa ds lkeus gS ftudh ekuo vkRek esa iw.kZ vkLFkk gSA nwljksa }kjk Fkksih xbZ 'krksZa dks Lohdkj djuk] ftuds vkn'kZ gels loZnk fHkUu gSa] vdeZ.;rk rFkk uiql a drk gksxhA gesa lfØ; jgdj ;g dksf'k'k djrs jguk gksxk fd fo'o 'kfDr;k¡ gekjs bfrgkl dks vius LokHkkfod var dh vksj c<+us esa ekxZn'kZd cusaA

lkHkkj & us'kuy cqd VªLV bf.M;k }kjk 2003 lkSfe= eksbu }kjk vuqokfnr iqfLrdk ds dqN p;fur HkkxA

vks esjs lksus ds caxky] izse eSa rqeesa nsrk <ky vkekj lksukj ckaXyk] vkfe rksek; Hkkyksckfl

vks esjs lksus ds caxky] izse eSa rqeesa nsrk <kyA rqEgkjk gh rks ;g vkdk'k] rqEgkjh gh rks ;g okrkl] ctkrs ca'kh viuh e/kqj] ân; esa Hkjrs mPN~oklA og ikxy djrh gqbZ vkezou ls Qkxqu eas e/kqj] mBk djrh gS ,d lqoklAA vjs cfygkjh] cfygkjhA vxgu dh ns[kh g¡lh] gjs [ksrksa esa dSls clhAA fd 'kksHkk ,slh Nk;ke;h usg dh ;g nqyZHk ek;k] fcNk;k vk¡py cV ds rys] unh ds dwyksa esa e/kqeklAA os e/kqj rqEgkjs cksy] dku esa nsrs gSa jl ?kksyA vjs] cfygkjh cfygkjhA tc gksrh dHkh mnkl]

jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

u;u ty esa tkrk gw¡ MwcA rqEgkjs vk¡xu esa [ksyk] gqvk eSa /kU; feyk thouA rqEgkjh ekVh] rsjh /kwy] Hkyk dSls ldrk gw¡ HkwyAA fd tc gksrk gS la/;kdky] nhi ?kj&?kj esa nsrh ckyA vjs] cfygkjh cfygkjhAA 'ks"k dj tc fnu /kwy Hkjk] pyk vkrk gw¡ rsjh xksn] fd lq[k vk jgrk esjs iklAA fd fnu Hkj iaNh xkrs xku] Hkjk djrs gSa eqDr mM+kuA rqEgkjs Nk;ke; ;s xzke] mxkrs jgrs gSa tks /kku] vjs] cfygkjh] cfygkjhAA lHkh rks HkkbZ gSa esjs] rqEgkjs pjokgs I;kjs] rqEgkjs I;kjs cM+s fdlkuAA (13)

ns'k] /keZ vkSj jk"Vªokn jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k esa /keZ vkSj jk"Vªokn nks vge LraHk gSAa lafo/kku vkSj n'kZu ij gekjs ns'k ds f}rh; jk"Vªifr MkW0 ,l- jk/kkd`".ku dh n`f"V vf}rh; gSA bldk izek.k gS mudh fparu Ük`[a kyk dh iqLrd ^fjdojh vkWQ QsFk* ftlds fgUnh vuqokn ^lR; dh vksj* ls mn~/k`r va'kA èkeZ dk dck;yh :i cgqr çkjafHkd le; ls feyrk gSA bl le; èkeZ dk dk;Z vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks ns'kHkfä iw.kZ o';rk esa çf'kf{kr djuk FkkA ¼btjkby½ bZ'oj ds :i esa ;kgok mu yksxksa dh jk"Vªh; psruk] btjkby dh vk'kkvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dk çfrfufèk FkkA ;gwnh ,d cM+s ifjokj] fQdsZ ds lnL; Fks % vks ;:'kye~! ;fn eSa rq>s Hkwy¡w rks esjk nkfguk gkFk viuh dq'kyrk Hkwy tk,A ;fn eSa rq>s ;kn u j[kw¡ rks esjh ftºok esjs rkyw esa fpiV tk,A vks ;#'kye\ izR;sd ;wukuh xk¡o dk dksbZ fo'ks"k o`{k] lzkrs ;k eafnj gksrk Fkk tks ogk¡ fdlh nsork ;k uk;d ds çfr vfiZr gksrk FkkA og nsork ;k uk;d gh mudh j{kk djrk FkkA tkiku esa èkeZ dk ç;ksx jkT; dks laxfBr djus vkSj n`<+ djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA eksgEen ,d èkeZ ,d jk"Vª ds laLFkkid gSAa nqcy Z ,oa ijra= ns'kksa esa jk"Vªh;rk Lo;a ,d èkeZ cu xbZ gSA vkRe lEeku dh çkFkfed Hkkouk dks tkx`r djds ;g Hkzfer ,oa la?k"kZ'khy tkfr;ksa dks jpukRed dk;Z djus ds fy, çsfjr djrh gSA og mUgsa vkRefo'okl ,oa ,D; dh Hkkouk nsrh gS] rFkk vius ns'k dk ,d fe'ku gS] ,d fu;qDr dk;Z gS] blesa mudk fo'okl iSnk djrh gSA os yksx] tks vius dks èkkfeZd dgrs gS]a jk"Vª&jkT; dh ç'kalk djrs ugha v?kkrsA yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa es]a f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa fl[kk;k tkus okyk èkeZ f'karks er dk LFkkuh; laLdj.k ek= gh rks gS ftlesa >aMs dh lykeh vkSj jk"Vªxhr dk xk;u lfEefyr gSA fdlh us dgk Fkk % ^baXySM a dk ,d /keZ gS] bldk /keZ gS baXySM a A* jk"Vªokn ,d jktuSfrd /keZ gS tks euq";ksa ds ân;ksa ,oa vkdka{kkvksa esa mFky&iqFky dj nsrk gS vkSj mUgsa bl izdkj lsok ,oa vkReR;kx dh vksj izfs jr djrk gS fd vk/kqfud le; esa fdlh fo'kq) /kkfeZd vkanksyu us oSlk ugha fd;kA ;g vf/kd`r Loj esa cksyrk gS vkSj gekjs euksox s kas dks Li'kZ djrk gSA jk"Vªkas dk nkok gS fd os lalkj esa nSoPs Nk dh loksPZ p vfHkO;fDr gSaA teZu bZlkb;ksa us Lohdkj fd;k fd ^fgVyj ds ek/;e ls bZlk gekjs chp 'kfDreku gks x, blfy, jk"Vªh; lektokn ¼us'kuy lks'kfyTe½ vkpj.k ;k /keZ esa O;Dr bZlkb;r gSA* /keZ dks mnkj lkoZnfs 'kd vkSj lc ekuo oxkZas rFkk ekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iz;Dq r fd, tkus ;ksX; gksuk pkfg,A jk"Vªokn bl Hkkouk ij vk?kkr djrk gSA tc rd dksbZ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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/keZ fdlh oxZ] Js.kh ;k jk"Vª dh dk;Zifjf/k ls ckgj ugha fudyrk rc rd mldk ;g nkok Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd og lUekxZ dk vuqlj.k dj jgk gSA fdlh lewg dh] Hkys og jk"Vª gh D;ksa u gks] iwtk bZ'oj dks jk"Vªh;rk dh ,d mikf/k ek= ekudj NksM+ nsrh gSAa tc dksbZ jk"Vª vius dks nSoh] bZ'ojh; eku ysrk gS vkSj mldk ;g fo'okl cu ldrk gS fd vius lR; ls dsoy ogh lc dk j{k.k dj ldrk gS rFkk dsoy ogh lalkj dks Åij mBkus esa l{ke gS rHkh 'kfä vkSj mifuos'kksa dh pkg dk izknqHkkZo gksrk gSA tgk¡ rd ekuorkokn dk loky gS rks ;g lc lkQ 'kk'or vkdka{kkvks]a vuqHkwfr;ksa vkSj èkkfeZdrk ds fy, cqHkq{kk ,oa fiiklk rFkk mRihM+u ,oa çk.kksRlxZ ds fy, rS;kjh dh vksj è;ku ugha nsrk gSA ,d vQykrwu er ,slk Hkh gS tks gekjs ekul ds fy, ns'kh] viuk tSlk yxrk gSA blesa 'kk'or ewY;ksa dks Js"Brk çnku dh xbZ gSA baQukZs ds prqFkZ lxZ esa nkars gekjs lkeus fyEcks dk fp= j[krk gSA ;g fyEcks oftZy ,oa gksej tSls iqjkru egkdfo;ks]a vjLrq rFkk vU; egku nk'kZfudks]a gsDVj] ,fy;l] lhtj ,oa vU; ohjkas dk ns'k gSA euq";&euq"; dh gSfl;r ls] vius nk'kZfud fparu] dykRed ltZu rFkk uSfrd ,oa jktuSfrd ç;Ruksa }kjk ftl lokZÙs ke lq[k dh vk'kk dj ldrk gS] og osnukjfgr] nq[kjfgr thou gS fdarq vkdka{kkjfgr thou ugha gSA bu Js"B fopkjdks]a dykdkjks]a ,oa ohjksa us dksbZ xyrh ugha dh Fkh fdarq mudh ;ksX;rk,¡ ,oa èkjrh ij mlds fy, lq"kektud ,oa vkxkeh yksd ds fy, ;'kLoh ugha gks ldhaA mudk thou vk'kkjfgr dkeuk dk thou gSA cl] bruk gh vkuan] nkars ds vuqlkj ekuorkokn nsrk gSA Kkfu;ksa dk xq# vjLrw] ^ogha jgrk gS ij og LFkku LoxZ ugha gS* nkars ml vjLrw ds fy, U;k; ugha djrk ftl dk eu gS fd lcls ifo= ,oa de ls de LokFkZi.w kZ larks"k tks euq"; dks Kkr gS] og gS Kku ds fy, Kku çkIr djukA 'kq) Kku dk vkuan v{k; gSA ;g Lo;a bZÜoj dh fØ;k'khyrk esa fo'kq) fparu ds mlds fuR; thou esa Hkkx ysrk gSA ekuorkokn èkeZ ds bu :iksa ds çfr ,d mfpr fojksèk gS tks ykSfdd ,oa ifo= esa Hksn djrs gS]a dky ,oa fuR; dk foHkktu dj nsrs gSa rFkk vkRek ,oa nsg ds ,D; dks [kafMr djrs gSAa èkeZ ;k rks lc dqN gS ;k dqN ugha gSA çR;sd èkeZ ds ekuo dh e;kZnk rFkk ekuo O;fäRo ds vfèkdkjksa ds çfr i;kZIr vknj lEeku j[kuk pkfg,A ;fn ge èkeZ dk frjLdkj djsxa ]s mldh fuank djsxa s rks ge mi;Zä q ckrksa dh j{kk ugha dj ldrsA tSlk dh lqdjkr ls feyus vk, gq, Hkkjrh;ksa us dgk Fkk] ^;fn ge bZÜoj ds fo"k; esa dqN ugha tkurs rks euq"; ds fo"k; esa Hkh dqN ugha tku ldrsA* tks dqN lR;r% ekuoh; gS mldh iw.kZrk èkeZ gS vkt ekuorkokn ,d vkRek dh [kkst esa gSA ¼jktLFkku if=dk ls lkHkkj½ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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xzkE'kh] bVyh dk Qklhokn gekjs fy, lcd &,tkT+k vgen &vuqokn % jktsUnz 'kekZ Ýkalhlh lektoknh bfrgkldkj nkfu;ky xq,fju us ,d ekSds ij fy[kk Fkk fd] ^^vxj geus lektokn dh ?kM+h dks fudy tkus fn;k] rks gekjh ltk gksxh] Qklhokn**A bl dFku dk fufgrkFkZ ;g gS fd Qklhokn izo`fRr] iw¡thokn ek= esa varfuZfgr gS vkSj ;g ço`fÙk ,sls nkSjksa esa [kkl rkSj ij 'kfä'kkyh gks tkrh gS] tc lektoknh tura= dh 'kfä;k¡ detksj dj nh xbZ gksa vkSj ihNs gV jgh gksAa ;g ,d ek;us esa ekDlZ dh bl çfl) fVIi.kh dk iqudZFa ku gS fd iw¡thokn vfuok;Zr% lektokn dh vksj ugha ys tkrk gSA bruh gh laHkkouk mlds ccZjrk dh vksj ys tkus dh Hkh jgrh gSA xq,fju dk ;g dFku gesa mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh ;kn fnykrk gS] ftuesa nks foÜo ;q)ksa ds chp igys igy ;wjksi esa Qklhokn dk mn; gqvk Fkk vkSj vc gekjs nkSj esa ;wjksi esa rFkk nwljh txgksa esa bldk fQj ls mn; gks jgk gSA Qklhokn ds igys vuqHko % bl lnh ds 20 vkSj 30 ds n'kdksa es]a Qklhokn dks lcls tcjnLr lQyrk Bhd mu ;wjksih; ns'kks& a teZuh] bVyh rFkk Lisu&esa feyh Fkh] tgk¡ etnwj oxZ ds vkanksyuksa dks lcls fueZerk ls f'kdLr nh xbZ FkhA nwljs ekeyksa esa ;s ns'k ,d nwljs ls cgqr gh fHkUu FksA teZuh ,d vR;ar vkS|ksxhd`r ns'k FkkA bVyh ds mÙkj esa vkS|ksxhdj.k cgqr dkQh gks x;k Fkk] ysfdu nf{k.k fgLls esa tgk¡ fd ns'k dh 40 Qhln vkcknh jgrh Fkh] cgqr gh de vkS|ksxhdj.k gqvk FkkA Lisu bu rhuksa ns'kksa esa vkS|ksxhdj.k ds fygkt ls lcls ihNs Fkk] gkyk¡fd vrhr esa mldh gSfl;r ,d fo'kky vkSifuosf'kd rkdr dh jgh FkhA bVyh vkSj Lisu] nksuksa gh dSFkksfyd Fks vkSj ogk¡ èkkfeZd çfrfØ;kokn dh rkdr Qklhoknh vkSj ?kksj nf{k.kiaFkh 'kfä;ksa dh rkdr dk] ,d mYys[kuh; rRo FkhA teZuh çksVLs VsVa vkSj dgha T;knk vkèkqfud FkkA ogk¡ fxjts us ukft;ksa dk vuqeksnu rks fd;k] ysfdu blds vykok mlus dksbZ [kkl Hkwfedk vnk ugha dhA nwljh vksj] uLyokn vkSj vYila[;dksa ¼;gwfn;ks]a iksfy'k ewy ds yksxks]a catkjksa ¼ftfIl;ks½a rFkk :fl;ks½a ds [kkRes ds laxfBr vfHk;ku dk] bVyh ds eqdkcys teZuh esa ukth fopkjèkkjk esa dgha T;knk dsæa h; LFkku FkkA bVyh esa Hkh vYila[;dksa dk mRihM+u rks gqvk Fkk] ysfdu ml gn rd ughaA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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bl rjg] Qklhokn dksbZ fodflr iw¡thoknh ns'kksa esa gh iSnk gksus okyh pht ugha gSA eqlksfyuh ds bVyh esa vkS|ksxhdj.k dk Lrj] Hkkjr ds vkt ds vkS|ksxhdj.k ds Lrj ls uhpk gh FkkA cgjgky] vrhr dk ;g vuqHko ;g Hkh fn[kkrk gS fd] fdlh [kkl ns'k esa fdl fdLe dk Qklhokn mHkjrk gS varr% fdl fdLe dk futke dk;e gksrk gS] ;g cgqr gn rd lacfa /kr ns'k ds van:uh <kaps ij fuHkZj djrk gSA teZuh ,d vR;Ur vkS|ksxhd`r ns'k FkkA blfy,] ogk¡ [ksfrgj oxksZa us ukthokn ds mHkkj esa dksbZ [kkl Hkwfedk vnk ugha dh Fkh] tcfd foRrh; iwt ¡ h dh Hkwfedk muds eqdkcys dgha T;knk mYys[kuh; jgh FkhA bVyh vis{kkd`r vf/kd [ksfrgj Fkk vkSj mlds 'kgjhdj.k esa izkra h; uxjksa dk egRo dgha cgqr T;knk FkkA eqlksfyuh dks vius vkjafHkd leFkZu dk [kklk cM+k fgLlk bUgha {ks=ksa ls gkfly gqvk Fkk] gkyk¡fd vis{kkd`r nh?kZ vof/k esa mlds 'kklu dks fLFkj djus esa ftl 'kfDr xqV us eq[; Hkwfedk vnk dh] og 'kgjh fuEu iw¡thifr oxZ vkSj cM+h iw¡th ds dqN gydksa dk FkkA Lisu es]a tgk¡ Qklhoknh 'kfDr;k¡ x.kra= dh 'kfDr;kas ds f[kykQ cM+s iSekus ij vkSj yacs ;q) es]a vU; nf{k.kiaFkh 'kfDr;ksa ds lkFk ?kqy&fey xbZ Fkha] lRrk varr% ,d Qklhoknh ikVhZ ds gkFk esa ugha vkbZ] cfYd QkSth rkuk'kkgh ds gkFkksa esa vkbZA la{ksi es]a ,slk dksbZ ,d gh :i ugha gS] tks Qklhokn ges'kk vkSj gj txg xzg.k djrk gksA ,aty s ks VkLdk us] tks bVyh dh dE;qfuLV ikVÊ ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d Fks vkSj yacs vjls rd xzkE'kh ds lkFk jgs Fks] fgLVªh v‚Q bVSfy;u QkflTe esa fy[kk Fkk fd ^^Qklhokn ds flyflys esa fl)kar lw=c) djus dk csgrjhu rjhdk ;g gS fd mldk bfrgkl fy[k fn;k tk,A** mudk vk'k; ;g Fkk fd Qklhokn ij fdlh Hkh fl)kar ds fy, ges'kk t:jh gksrk gS fd og rhu ijLij lac)] ysfdu ,d nwljs ls fHkUu rF;ksa dks è;ku esa j[ksa % ¼v½ Qklhokn dk mHkkj Bksl foÜo ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrk gS] ¼c½ ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fofHkUu ns'kksa esa rjg&rjg ds Qklhoknh vkanksyu iSnk djrh gS]a vkSj ¼l½ fdlh Hkh ns'k esa ;g fo'o #>ku] ,d fo'ks"k jk"Vªh; Lo:i xzg.k djrk gSA vkt lkeus vk jgs ,sls fdlh Hkh vkanksyu dks] ftlesa vrhr esa ftu vkanksyuksa ds fy, Qklhokn dh laKk bLrseky dh xbZ Fkh] mudh cqfu;knh fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls dqN ikbZ tkrh gS]a ge Qklhoknh dg ldrs gSAa ysfdu] vkt ds vkanksyu foÜo Lrj ij vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh vkt dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks çfrfcafcr djrs gSa vkSj blfy, os vuks[ks u;s :i xzg.k dj ysrs gSAa felky ds rkSj ij] tc ge la?k ifjokj dh jktuhfr dh lexzrk ds fy, ¼flQZ mlds jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

(17)

lalnh; ekspZs Hkktik ds fy, ugha] cfYd blls dgha T;knk egRoiw.kZ :i ls [kqn vkj,l,l ds fy, rFkk fofgi] ctjax ny vkfn ds fy,½ Qklhokn dh laKk dk mi;ksx djrs gS]a rks bldk vk'k; ;g ugha gksrk gS fd fgVyj dh ukth ikVÊ dh vuq—fr gSA blds ctk; bl ekeys esa Qklhokn dh laKk dk ladrs bldh fopkjèkkjk ds cqfu;knh rRoks]a oxÊ; vkèkkj] lkaxBfud <kap]s ykecanh dh rduhdksa vkSj vkerkSj ij nf{k.k iaFkh 'kfä;ksa ds ,d jk"Vªh; xqV ds fuekZ.k esa mldh dsæa h; Hkwfedk dh vksj jgrk gSA ¼dHkh Hkh dksbZ Hkh Qklhoknh ikVÊ pqukoh çfØ;k ds tfj, cgqr la[;k dk leFkZu çkIr ikVÊ cudj lkeus ugha vkbZ gSA Qklhoknh rHkh gkoh gksrk gS] tc lewpk nf{k.k iaFk mldh usrR` odkjh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj dj ysrk gS vkSj tc mls 'kfä'kkyh rFkk is'ksoj oxksZa ds çHkqRo'kkyh foÜo dk leFkZu gkfly gks tkrk gSA½ dgus dh t:jr ugha gS fd Hkkjr dh ,sfrgkfld lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iSnk gksus okyk Qklhokn Hkh] ,d vuks[ks <ax ls Hkkjrh; :i xzg.k djsxkA cgjgky] bl vuks[ksiu dks Hkh ,d ,sls Bksl jk"Vªh; vuqHko ds :i es]a tks fd lc dqN ds ckotwn fo'o&,sfrgkfld 'kfDr;ksa ds vrhr ds rFkk orZeku vkanksyu ds lkFk tqMk+ gqvk jgrk gS] }a}kRed <ax ls le>us dh t:jr gSA

Qklhoknh ço`fÙk dk ekStwnk mHkkj % Hkkjr esa Qklhoknh izof` Ÿk dk ekStnw k mHkkj] eq[;r% van:uh leL;kvksa ls iSnk gqvk gSA ysfdu] blds ckotwn ;g ,d foÜoO;kih #>ku dk vkSj [kkl rkSj ij ;wjksi esa O;kIr #>ku dk Hkh fgLlk gSA u, Qklhoknh vkanksyu dk mHkkj] lRrj ds n'kd esa ;wjksi esa vusd dkjdksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa gqvkA Økafrdkjh eqfDr ;q)kas us vkSj [kkl rkSj ij fgan&phu nf{k.k vÝhdk ds ,sls eqfä ;q)ksa us] nqfu;k Hkj esa vkerkSj ij lkezkT;oknfojksèkh vkanksyuksa dks iSnk fd;k Fkk vkSj bldh xw¡t ;wjksi esa Hkh lqukbZ ns jgh FkhA Ýkal esa ml le; foÜo bfrgkl dh lcls cM+h vkS|ksfxd dk;Zokgh gqbZ] tc 1968 esa nks djksM+ etnwjksa us gM+rky dhA mèkj] iqrx Z ky esa vkSifuosf'kd ;q)ksa ds urhts ds rkSj ij iwjh rjg Økafr gqbZ vkSj blesa dE;qfuLV ikVÊ us usr`Rodkjh Hkwfedk vnk dhA bVyh dh dE;qfuLV ikVÊ] ;wjksi esa ljdkj cuus ds ,su djhc igq¡p xbZ FkhA 1976 esa mlus 4 Qhln ls Hkh de varj ls pquko gkjk FkkA iwjs ;wjksi es]a xSjlalnh; okeiaFk ds vusd xqiz mHkj vk, FksA lkezkT;okn bu lHkh rkdrksa dks ihNs /kdsyus esa dke;kc jgkA fQj Hkh] bu oxksaZ esa 'kkld oxZ dh ckS[kykgV ds chp ls gh] 'kq: esa ;q)ksŸkj ;wjksi esa Qklhokn dk iqu#n; gqvk FkkA fuEu&iwt ¡ hifr oxZ ds chp bl ckS[kykgV dks nks vU; dkjdksa us vkSj c<+k fn;kA buesa igyk dkjd Fkk] lŸkj ds n'kd jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ds iwokZ/kZ esa vkbZ nh?kkZof/k eanh vkSj nwljk dkjd Fkk] ;wjksi ds yxHkx gj ize[q k ns'k esa Hkkjh rknkn esa xSj;wjksih; vkSj T;knk etnwjoxhZ; vYila[;dksa dh mifLFkfrA bu vYila[;dksa ij geys vke rkSj ij ;wjksih; izfrfØ;kokn dh rkdrksa dh vkSj [kkl rkSj ij Qklhokfn;ksa dh ,d vke fo'ks"krk gh cu x,A vLlh ds n'kd ds e/; rd vkrs&vkrs] ;g iquthZfor Qklhokn bruk Hk;kud cu pqdk Fkk fd ;wjksih; laln us] ftlesa lks'ky MseksØVs gkoh gS]a mlds f[kykQ ,d la;Dq r ?kks"k.kk tkjh dh Fkh vkSj iwjs ;wjksi esa uLyokn rFkk Qklhokn dh Nkuchu djus rFkk mudk eqdkcyk djus ds fy,] ,d LFkk;h lfefr dk gh xBu fd;k FkkA bu xzqiksa dk mHkkj 1988 ds ckn ls [kkl rkSj ij fparktud jgk gSA lksfo;r la?k rFkk iwohZ ;wjksi esa dE;qfuLV ljdkjksa dk Hkax gksuk] lksfo;r la?k rFkk ;wxksLykfo;k dk VwVuk] if'peh ;wjksi esa etnwj oxZ ds fy, lks'ky MseksØfs Vd xqV dk fc[kjuk vkSj yacs vlsZ ls tkjh eanh rFkk ize[q k lkezkT;oknh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa nf{k.kiaFkh 'kklu ds pyrs iSnk gqbZ lkekftd rckgh] bu lHkh us feydj vke rkSj ij ?kksj nf{k.kiaFkh vkanksyuksa vkSj [kkl rkSj ij Qklhoknh izo`fRr ds fodkl ds fy,] ifjfLFkfr;k¡ iSnk dh gSAa ;wxksLykfo;k ;wjksi dk lcls 'kkar] cgq/kkfeZd vkSj cgqtkrh; ns'k gqvk djrk FkkA ysfdu] vkt cM+h la[;k esa ,sls Lo?kksf"kr Qklhoknh mu lcZ rFkk Øks,V lsukvksa ds usrR` o esa gS]a ftUgksua s [kqn mUgha ds 'kCnksa dk bLrseky djs]a rks ^tkrh; lQkbZ* ds lqfu;ksftr <ax ls] vYila[;dksa ds iwj& s iwjs lewgksa dk [kkRek fd;k gSA lksfo;r la?k] ftlus ,d feys&tqys cgqtkrh; jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k dk] ftlesa ;wjksih; rFkk ,f'k;kbZ eksVs rkSj ij cjkcj&cjkcj Fks] nqfu;k dk lcls egRokdak{kh vkSj lQy rtqckZ djds fn[kk;k Fkk] vc uD'ks ls gh xk;c gks pqdk gSA :l esa iwjh nks ihf<+;ksa dh cprksa dks] eqnkz LQhfr vkSj eqDr cktkj dh frdM+eksa us pkV fy;k gS vkSj blds pyrs turk dk cgqer] vuqekur% dqy vkcknh dk nks frgkbZ fgLlk] vkt rckgh vkSj cngkyh dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA ;g ckr [kkl rkSj ij [ksfrgj vkcknh ds ekeys es]a is'a kukssa rFkk futh cprksa ij xqtkjk djus okys cM+s cw<+s yksxksa ds ekeys esa vkSj lsuk esa dke djus okys yksxks]a vdsys jgus okyh efgykvksa rFkk de dq'kyrk izkIr etnwjksa tSls fuf'pr vkenuh okys lewgksa ds ckjs esa ykxw gksrh gSA bl lcds pyrs ;sfYRlu ds futke ds f[kykQ vke fojks/k iSnk gqvk gS vkSj okeiaFk ds iquthZou ds Hkh mYys[kuh; ladrs fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSAa ysfdu] Qklhoknh nf{k.kiaFk dgha T;knk laxfBr gS vkSj mxz jk"Vªokn rFkk :l ds xkSjo dh iquLFkkZiuk dh mldh y¶Qkth dk] ml voke ij [kkl rkSj ij T;knk vlj jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gks jgk gS] ftls lksfo;r la?k ds HkkSxksfyd fc[kjko vkSj [kqn viuh ftanfx;ksa ds rFkk leqnk;ksa ds] vkfFkZd izHkko dks >syuk iM+k gSA turk dh okLrfod rdyhQksa vkSj vk'kadkvksa dk y¶Qkthiw.kZ nq#i;ksx] Qklhokn dh ,d lkekU; fo'ks"krk gh gSA elyu Oyknhehj f>fjuksoLdh] ftldh ikVhZ dks :lh laln esa oksVksa vkSj lhVksa dk lcls cM+k fgLlk gkfly gqvk gS] [kqn gh cktkjhdj.k vkSj vejhdhdj.k dh iSnkb'k gSA blds ckotwn og Bhd bUgha izfØ;kvksa dks /khek djus ds okns dj jgk gS] D;ksfa d ,sls okns mls oksV fnyk ldrs gSAa ysfdu] blds lkFk gh og xSj:lh vYila[;dkas dks fudky ckgj djus dh Hkh iqdkjsa dj jgk gS vkSj ^jDr vkSj Hkwfe* dh fopkj/kkjk ds vk/kkj ij] tks ukft;ksa vkSj fgUnqRo ds fl)kardkjksa dh ;kn fnykrh gS] lkjs nw"k.kksa ls eqDr] ikjaifjd :l ds iqufuekZ.k dh Hkh ckrsa dj jgk gSA pquko ds ckn mlus tks igyk dke fd;k] og Fkk vkfLVª;k ds ,d vodk'k x`g esa tkdj jguk] rkfd if'peh ;wjksi ds vius dqN Qklhoknh lgksnjksa ds lkFk xksiuh; <ax ls cSBd dj ldsA ;g lc blh lPpkbZ dks izfrfcafcr djrk gS fd ledkyhu ;wjksi esa Qklhokn vc] egt ,d jk"Vªh; laof` Ÿk u jgdj ,d ijLij varxzfZ Fkr egk}hih; lao`fŸk cu x;k gSA blfy,] ge vxj ;wjks&Qklhokn dh ckr djs]a rks Hkh vuqfpr ugha gksxkA gky gh esa fczfV'k laln ds fy, ,d [kqYye&[kqYyk Qklhoknh mEehnokj dks pquk x;kA blh izdkj] bVyh dh laln esa [kqYye&[kqYyk Qklhoknh ukjs ds vk/kkj ij eqlksfyuh dh iksrh dks pquk x;kA fQj Hkh] bl rjg dk [kqYye&[kqYykiu vke rkSj ij nqyZHk gh gSA fgVyj vkSj eqlksfyuh dh Le`fr;k¡ vke turk ds fy, vc Hkh bruh T;knk okLrfod gSa fd os mu yksxksa dk usr`Ro okLro eas Lohdkj dj ys]a tks fd [kqn dks [kqYye&[kqYyk Qklhoknh crkrs gS]a tjk eqf'dy gh gSA Hkkjr dh rjg ;wjksi esa Hkh Qklhoknh nwljh&nwljh igpkuksa dh vksV esa dke djrs gSAa vke rkSj ij os viuh vksV cukrs gSa jk"Vªokn ds ,d vfroknh :i dks] ftlds pyrs jk"Vªokn ds lkFk gh ,d Qklhoknh ifjHkk"kk uRFkh gks tkrh gSA jk"Vªokn dk ;g Qklhoknh :i] ftlesa ijaijkoknh 'kq)rk vkSj lkaLd`frd iqu#RFkku ij tksj jgrk gS] ,d rkuk'kkghiw.kZ jktuSfrd ikVhZ ds lRrk esa vkus ds fy, jkLrk rS;kj djus dk dke djrk gSA nwljs] ,d van:uh vYila[;d leqnk; dks jk"Vª dk okLrfod 'k=q cukdj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl vYila[;d leqnk; ds neu] fu"dklu ;k [kkRes ds tfj;s] jk"Vª dk 'kq)hdj.k djus rFkk mlesa ubZ tku Hkjus ds i{k es]a ,d tu&mUekn iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA fgalk ds ckj&ckj mi;ksx dk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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bLrseky voke ds chp ^dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk* ds fy, yyd dk euksHkko iSnk djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl rjg voke dks ,d rkuk'kkghiw.kZ jkT; dh vkdka{kk djus dh vksj /kdsyk tk jgk gksrk gSA ;g ekudj pyk tkrk gS fd ,d ckj vxj lacfa /kr ikVhZ i;kZIr jktlRrk ij dCtk djus esa dke;kc gks xbZ] mlds ckn vYila[;dksa ds ckjs esa rFkk dkuwu O;oLFkk dks ysdj tuksUekn dk bLrseky] turkaf=d <k¡ps dh txg ,d ,sls ^jk"Vªh; lqj{kk jkT;* dh LFkkiuk ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks varr% ,dnyh; 'kklu ds fy, jkLrk rS;kj djsxkA bl ifjn`'; esa Qklhoknh [kqn dks ,d jk"Vªoknh vkSj ,d tura=oknh] nksuksa ds gh :i esa is'k djrk jgrk gS] D;ksfa d og ^cgql[a ;dks*a dh vksj ls cksyus dk nkok djrk gS vkSj cgql[a ;dksa dks lPps jk"Vª ds izfrfuf/k ds :i esa is'k fd;k tk jgk gksrk gSA nwljh vksj] ^vYila[;d* dks okLrfod ek;uksa esa jk"Vª ds fy, ckgjh] mldh laLd`fr dks Hkz"V djus okys vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd iapekxhZ ds :i es]a is'k fd;k tk jgk gksrk gSA tgk¡ ^vYila[;dks*a ds elys dk bLrseky Qklhoknh laxBu ds usrR` o esa ^cgql[a ;dks*a dks ,dtqV djus dh mEehn ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gksrk gS] ogha blds lkFk gh lkFk gj rjg dh iqu#RFkkuoknh vkSj vkfnerkoknh fopkj/kkjkvksa dk izpkj fd;k tk jgk gksrk gS] rkfd efgykvksa dks ,d ^ijaijkxr* Hkwfedk esa Bsyk tk lds] dE;qfuLVksa dks ,sls yksxksa ds :i esa fu'kkuk cuk;k tk lds] tks fons'kh fopkj/kkjk ds izHkko es]a oxhZ; vk/kkj ij jk"Vª dks foHkkftr djrs gS]a vkfn vkfnA va/k jk"Vªokn % iwjc gks ;k if'pe] lewps ;wjksi esa vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh Qklhoknh] eq[;r% va/k jk"Vªokfn;ksa ds :i esa lkeus vk jgs gSAa mUgsa lekt esa lEekutud ntkZ gkfly gks x;k gS] D;ksfa d 'kkld oxZ ds ize[q k izfrfuf/k Hkh] Hkys gh de fgald Hkk"kk es]a blh rjg ds nkos djds yxkrkj muds #[k dks rkdr nsrs jgrs gSAa bl rjg] fczVus dh datosZfVo iz/kkuea=h ekjxzVs FkSpj vDlj] fczVus esa ,f'k;kbZ vYila[;dksa ds ^fczfV'k laLd`fr ij Nk tkus* dh ckrsa djrh jgh Fkha] tcfd Ýkal ds lks'kfyLV jk"Vªifr tukc feŸkjka us ;g ,yku gh dj fn;k Fkk fd] Ýkal esa vYila[;dksa ds fy, ^lfg".kqrk dh ngyht lRrj ds n'kd esa ikj dh tk pqdh Fkh* FkhA ;g mlh rjg gS] tSls fd vkj,l,l ds vius 'kCnksa es]a ^vYila[;dksa ds rqf"Vdj.k* dk mldk tks eq[; izpkj uqDrk gS] ml ij gekjs ;gk¡ iw¡thoknh i=&if=dkvksa esa ,d okLrfod iz'u ds :i es]a [kwc cgl [kM+h dh tkrh jgh gSA Ýkal dh felky yh tk ldrh gSA ;gk¡ [kqYye&[kqYyk Qklhoknh xzqi dh txg T;ka eSjh yk isu ds us'kuy ÝaV us ys yh gS] tks vc [kqn dks jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jk"Vªoknh ds :i esa is'k djrk gSA viuh tokuh ds fnuksa esa yk isu QkSt esa Nrjh/kkjh lSfud Fkk vkSj og vYthfj;k esa rSukr Ýkalhlh vkSifuosf'kd lsuk es]a mRihM+d ds :i esa dq[;kr FkkA ckn esa og vusd NksV& s NksVs vkSj [kqYye&[kqYyk Qklhoknh xqVksa esa 'kkfey gqvk vkSj vkf[kjdkj mlus jk"Vªoknh 'kCntky ls <d dj viuh ikVhZ [kM+h dh gSA us'kuy ÝaV cjkcj jktuSfrd :i ls rkdroj gksrk x;k gSA fiNys jk"Vªh; pquko esa mls] eksVs rkSj ij 15 Qhln oksV feys Fks vkSj og dE;qfuLVksa ls vkxs Fkk vkSj lks'kfyLVksa ls flQZ 4 Qhln oksV ihNs FkkA ¼vkt Ýkal esa bls gkfly oksVksa dk fgLlk] 1928 esa tc fgVyj us lŸkk ij dkfct gksus dh dksf'k'k 'kq: dh Fkh] ml le; mls gkfly oksV ds fgLls ls cM+k gh gSA½ tuer losZ crkrs gSa fd yk isu dks dksbZ 35 Qhlnh ernkrkvksa dh lgkuqHkwfr;k¡ gkfly gSa vkSj rdjhcu nks frgkbZ Ýkalhlh ;g ekuus yxs gSa fd Ýkal esa vYila[;dksa dh ck<+ vkbZ gqbZ gSA vxj mlds izfr gennhZ j[kus okys lkjs yksx okLro esa mls oksV Mky ns]a rks mldk laln ij gh dCtk gks tk,xkA ;gk¡ ;g tksMu+ s dh t:jr rks gksuh gh ugha pkfg, fd lewps if'peh ;wjksi esa vkSj [kkl rkSj ij bVyh es]a vkfLVª;k es]a csfYt;e es]a MsuekdZ esa vkSj lcls Hk;kog ;g fd teZuh es]a vc bl rjg ds vkanksyu mHkj jgs gSAa Hkkjrh; Qklhokfn;ksa dk [kqn dks lPpk jk"Vªoknh cukrk ,d fo'oC;kih #>ku dk fgLlk gSA gekjs ns'k esa vxj ;g ?kksj jk"Vªokn ,d /kkfeZd leqnk; ds vk/kkj ij [kqn dks ifjHkkf"kr dj jgk gS] rks ;g Hkkjrh; bfrgkl us vkSj [kkl rkSj ij ekStnw lnh esa Hkkjrh; bfrgkl us tks eksM+ vkSj ?kqeko fy, gS]a mudk gh fo'ks"k ifj.kke gSA cgjgky] Hkkjr dh vke ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fdlh Hkh rjg vuks[kh ugha dgh tk ldrh gSAa teZuh es]a tgk¡ Qklhoknh vkanksyu bruh rsth ls c<+ jgs gS]a 18 ls 25 o"kZ rd vk;q oxZ ds ukStokuksa ds fy, csjkstxkjh dh pkyw nj 40&50 Qhln ds chp py jgh gSA ge bldk ftØ rks ihNs dj gh vk, gSa fd fdl rjg f>fjuksoLdh dh yksdfiz;rk dk lac/a k] lksfo;r la?k ds ijkHkko ls iSnk gqbZ vk'kadkvksa ls gSA yk iwu dk ilanhnk ukjk gS] ^^chl yk[k vizokfl;ksa dk eryc gS] chl yk[k csjkstxkj**A bl rjg] csjkstxkjh dks vYil[a;dksa dh ekStnw xh dk gh nwljk uke cuk fn;k x;k gSA blh rjg] vkj,l,l dk ^^vYil[a;dksa dk rqf"Vdj.k* dk ukjk] ;g ladrs nsus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS fd e/;oxhZ; fgUnqvksa dks] eqlyekuksa ij dh tk jgh d`ikvksa ds pyrs rdyhQsa mBkuh iM+ jgh gSAa ;g ,d tkuh ekuh lPpkbZ gSA Qklhoknh xksycafn;k¡] xjhc rcdksa vkSj e/;oxZ dh nfjnzrk dk Qk;nk mBkrh gSa vkSj os mu ÅtkZvksa dks uLyoknh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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rFkk /kkfeZd ?k`.kk ds jkLrs ij Mkyrh gS]a tks nwljh fLFkfr esa oxhZ; dkjZokbZ esa yxh gksrhaA ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd Qklhokn }kjk iznf'kZr lkaxBfud {kerk vkSj mlds tuk/kkj dh ekStnw xh] 'kkld oxZ ds ,d fgLls dks mldk leFkZu djus ds fy, jkth dj ysrh gSA ,slk mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa [kkl rkSj ij gksrk gS] tc mnkjiaFkh dsUnz ;k rks vfo'oluh; gks tk; ;k fQj vkilh foHkktu ds pyrs vfLFkj gksdj jg tk,A ,slk [kkl rkSj ij mu de fodflr ns'kksa esa gksrk gS] tgk¡ e/;ekxhZ ikfVZ;k¡ fdlh lqlx a r fopkj/kkjk ds vk/kkj ij laxfBr ugha gksrh gS]a cfYd xqVh; ;k {ks=h; lRrk xzqiksa dh ,d lqfo/kktud rFkk vfLFkj ,drk ds :i esa lkeus vkrh gSAa vlk/kkj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iwjk dk iwjk 'kkld oxZ Hkh rsth ls fdlh Qklhoknh lek/kku dh vksj >qd ldrk gs] c'krsZ ;g ladV iw¡thoknh lap; ds ,d ekWMy ls nwljs esa laØe.k ds lapkyu esa xM+cM+h gksus ;k {ks=h; >xM+s rh[ks gksus ;k e/;ekxhZ laxBuksa es]a ftu ij fd ,sfrgkfld :i ls iwt ¡ hoknh 'kklu dh O;oLFkk vk/kkfjr gS] fdlh rjg ds vkarfjd iru tSls fdlh dkjd ls iSnk gqvk gksA felky ds rkSj ij] Ýkal esa lks'kfyLV vkSj nxky oknh] nksuksa gh iwjh rjg ls vLr&O;Lr gSAa bVyh esa lks'kfyLVksa vkSj fØf'p;u MseksØVs ksa dk [kkRek vkSj Hkh ukVdh; <ax ls gqvk gSA [kqn Hkkjr esa gh dkaxl zs dk Hkfo"; Li"V ugha gS vkSj dkaxl zs dks NksM+ dj tkus okyk dksbZ Hkh usrk] dksbZ fVdkÅ rFkk fo'oluh; fodYi [kM+k ugha dj ik;k gSA Bksl <k¡pkxr fo'ks"krkvksa dk loky % ;g lc rks lgh gSA ysfdu] D;k ,slh dksbZ cqfu;knh <k¡pkxr fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkh gS]a tks nwljs lektksa ds eqdkcys dqN [kkl lektksa esa T;knk ik;h tkrh gksa vkSj tks mUgsa Qklhoknh euksof` Ÿk ds mHkkj ds fy, T;knk vuqdy w cuk nsrh gks\a viuh iqLrd fiztu uksVcqDl esa xzkE'kh us Qklhokn ij tks fparu izLrqr fd;k gS] mlds ckjs esa [kkl rkSj ij vkd"kZd og loky gh gS] ftldh iM+rky djus og fudyrs gS& a fd D;k bVyh ds bfrgkl es]a bVyh dh laLd`fr ds nh?kkZof/k xfr foKku esa bVyh dh iw¡th ds fuekZ.k ek= esa dksbZ ,slh pht Fkh] ftlus cgqr ls bVyhokfl;ksa dks Qklhoknh lek/kku dks Lohdkj djus ds fy,] vis{kkd`r vklkuh ls rS;kj fd;k Fkk\ ;gk¡ rd eSua s ledkyhu Qklhoknh vkanksyuksa ds ckjs esa gh T;knk fy[kk gS] rkfd ;g js[kkafdr fd;k tk lds fd bu fnuksa Hkkjr esa tks dqN py jgk gS] bl le; tkjh fo'oO;kih #>ku dk gh fgLlk gSA ;gk¡ ls vkxs xzkE'kh vkSj vius tekus ds bVyh ds Qklhokn ij muds fparu ij vkrs gq, eSa viuh nwljh ckr nksgjkuk pkgw¡xk fd] dksbZ Qklhoknh vkanksyu tks :i xzg.k djrk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gS] ges'kk lacfa /kr nkSj rFkk ns'k ds bfrgkl ls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA blds ckotwn] vrhr esa ftu ekDlZokfn;ksa us vius ;gk¡ dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk v/;;u fd;k gS] muls ge vius ;gk¡ ds ekStnw k gkykr ds lac/a k esa cgqr dqN lh[k ldrs gSAa mudk fparu gesa dksbZ cus cuk;s tokc rks ugha ns ldrk gS] ysfdu lgh loky mBkus eas gekjh enn t:j dj ldrk gSA blfy,] vc ge bVyh ds jk"Vªh; vuqHko ds xzkE'kh ds fo'ys"k.k ij vkrs gSAa bVyh dh felky] mlds fo'ks"k fodkl ds fygkt ls vkSj bl fodkl esa mldh vk/kqfud jkt/kkuh jkse ds foxr bfrgkl esa tks Hkwfedk jgh gS] mls ns[krs gq,] Hkkjrh; ifjisz{; ds fy, [kkl rkSjij fnypLi gSA izkphu dky esa jkse ,d fo'kky lkezkT; dk dsUnz cu pqdk Fkk] ftldk nk;jk ;wjksi] mŸkjh vÝhdk rFkk e/;&iwoZ rd QSyk gqvk FkkA bl lkezkT; dk ukfHkd Fkk og {ks=] tks eksVs rkSj ij ekStnw k bVyh dks cukrk gSA bl {ks= esa ,d vR;Ur lEiUu lH;rk vkSj ,d egku izkphu Hkk"kk ySfVu dk mn; gqvk] tks l=goha lnh rd vkSj dqN ekeyksa esa rks vkSj Hkh ckn rd Kku vkSj ljdkjh dkedkt dh izHkqRo'kkyh ;wjksih; Hkk"kk cuh jghA jkse esa gh] jktdh; /keZ ds :i esa ;wjksi esa bZlkbZ er dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ vkSj ;g uxj dSFkksfyd nqfu;k dk dsUnz cuk jgk gSA ySfVu] cM+h rsth ls fxjts dh Hkk"kk cu xbZ] /kkfeZd] nk'kZfud] iz'kklfud rFkk lkfgfR;d] lHkh igyqvksa ls Bhd mlh rjg] tSls fd czkã.koknh laLd`fr ds gjsd igyw ds lkFk] laLd`r dk ,d fo'ks"k lac/a k jgk gSA 'kklu djus dks ,d fo'kky HkwHkkx] ,d 'kkgh /keZ] ,d izkphu Hkk"kk] ,d xkSjoiw.kZ vrhr] ;gh os Jsf.k;k¡ gS]a ftuds fxnZ mPp oxhZ; brkyfo;ksa dk ekufld lalkj ?kwerk gSA ^^izkphu laLd`fr** dk ;g xkSjoiw.kZ vrhr xqyke etnwjh] [ksfrgj mRiknu] LFkkuh; nLrdkjh ij fVdk gqvk FkkA muds lkFk 'kkld laLrj dk dqN Hkh lk>k ugha Fkk] ;gk¡ rd fd Hkk"kk dk Hkh lk>k ughaA os QjkZVs ls ySfVu dk mi;ksx djrs Fks] tcfd fo'kky vkcknh LFkkuh; cksfy;k¡ cksyrh FkhA 'kkld vkSj 'kkflr] 'kk;n gh ,d nwljs ls dHkh cksyrs gksx a As mudk lac/a k mu pan 'kCnksa rd Fkk] ftuds tfj, ,d ds Je ds mRiknksa dks] nwljk gM+i ysrk FkkA xzkE'kh us izHkqRo'kkyh oxksZa dh bl lkezkT;h vgeU;rk] lkaLd`frd fcyxko vkSj /kkfeZd izfrfØ;kokn dh Hkwfedk dks] Qklhoknh ekul ds fuekZ.k ds ,d fo'ks"k y{k.k ds :i esa js[kkafdr fd;k gSA vk/kqfud&iwoZ ;qx esa ,f'k;k vkSj vÝhdk ds mRikn ;wjksi rd ys tkus okys lkjs yach nwjh ds O;kikj ds ekxZ] Hkwe/; lkxj esa vkSj blfy, bVyh ds canjxkgksa ij vkdj feyrs FksA blfy,] bVyh ;wjksi esa O;kikfjd iwt ¡ h }kjk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fufeZr lcls lEiUu vkSj mUur laLd`fr dk ?kj cukA ysfdu] blhfy, LFkkuh; m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, dksbZ [kkl xfr ugha fey ik jgh Fkh vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk ds fy, dksbZ izkRs lkgu ugha FkkA gj NksVs&NksVs jkT; vkSj fj;klr }kjk vius canjxkgksa ;k rVdj rFkk mRikn 'kqYd dh O;oLFkkvksa dh eqLrSnh ls j{kk dh tkrh FkhA loksZPp Lrj ij vxj ;g pht egku dyk rFkk dyk ds laj{k.knkrkvksa dks iSnk dj jgh Fkh] rks uhps&uhps nwljs tux.k rFkk {ks= ds Je ls O;kikfjd equkQk[kksjh dh O;oLFkk dks Hkh iSnk dj jgh FkhA xzkE'kh us O;kikfjd iw¡th dh t:jr ls T;knk fodkl ds pyrs vkS|ksxhdj.k ds fodkl ds vHkko vkSj blfy, jkrksa&jkr dke;kch ds lkaLd`frd >qdko vkSj iw¡thoknh fdLe ds Hkh Økafrdkjh :ikarj.k dh nwjxkeh ifj;kstukvksa dks gkFk esa ysus esa 'kkld oxZ dh vleFkZrk dks] fo'ks"k :i ls js[kkafdr fd;k FkkA O;kikfjd iw¡th ds Hkkjh lap; us bVyh dks] ;wjksi ds uotkxj.k dk igyk dsUnz cuk;kA ysfdu bl flyflys esa xzkE'kh] ;wjksih; bfrgkl ds vius lcls ekSfyd ;ksxnku esa ;g rdZ izLrqr djrs gSa fd bVyh esa uotkxj.k foQy lkfcr gqvk vkSj ,d izfrfØ;koknh lao`fŸk lkfcr gqvkA teZuh esa uotkxj.k dk ;ksx izksVsLVsaV lq/kkj ¼fjQkesZ'ku½ esa gqvk] ftlus dSFkksfyd fxjts dh lŸkk dks u"V dj fn;kA nwljh rjQ] bVyh esa lq/kkj dks ihNs /kdsy fn;k x;k vkSj dSFkksfyd ppZ us cM+s rh[ks <ax ls viuh rkdr fQj LFkkfir dhA baXySM a esa uotkxj.k us ,d oSKkfud laLd`fr vkSj oafprksa ds fonzksg dh vk/kkjf'kyk j[kh vkSj bldh ifj.kfr Økeosy ds fonzksg ds :i esa] igyh iw¡thoknh ØkfUr ds :i esa gqbZA bVyh esa u ,slk dksbZ :ikarj.k gqvk vkSj u oSKkfud fopkjksa dh ,slh O;kid laLd`fr dk;e gqbZA xzkE'kh dgrs gSa fd Ýkal esa Hkh /kkfeZd lq/kkj dks ihNs /kdsy fn;k x;k FkkA ysfdu] blds cht dgha xgjs pys x, vkSj ,d ckj fQj tc ;s cht Ýkalhlh ØkfUr ds :i esa QwV dj lkeus vk,] ;g uotkxj.k teZuh ls Hkh vkxs pyk x;k] D;ksafd ;g izfØ;k izkVs sLVsaV laLd`fr ij vk/kkfjr ugha Fkh] cfYd ,d /keZfujis{k laLd`fr ij vk/kkfjr Fkh vkSj ;wjksi dh vk/kqfud jktuSfrd O;oLFkk esa ,slk igyh ckj gks jgk FkkA blds foijhr] bVyh esa u rks izkVs sLVsVa lq/kkj gqvk vkSj u gh /keZfujis{k jktuSfrd rkuk&ckuk LFkkfir gqvkA iqu% xzkE'kh us gh bldh vksj b'kkjk fd;k Fkk fd /kkfeZd laLFkkvksa dh loksZPprk dks [kRe djus vkSj ,d oSKkfud laLd`fr dk fuekZ.k djus rFkk ,d /keZfujis{k turkaf=d jktuSfrd rkuk ckuk [kM+k djus dh bl foQyrk dk] bVyh esa rkuk'kkghiw.kZ rFkk rdZghu jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ds fuekZ.k esa ;ksx jgk FkkA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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bVyh dk foyafcr fodkl % vk/kqfud&iwoZ bVyh ds fodkl dk tks lkj&la{ksi ge Åij izLrqr dj vk, gS]a bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd 1860 ds n'kd ls igys rd] og ,d Lora= jk"Vª jkT; esa ,dhd`r ugha gks ik;k Fkk vkSj iz'kkluksa rFkk laizHkqrkvksa dk xM+cM+>kyk gh cuk gqvk FkkA blesa dqN LFkkuksa ij LFkkuh; 'kkldksa dk jkt pyrk Fkk] rks vU; esa fonsf'k;ks& a vkfLVª;kb;ks]a Ýkalhfl;ks]a teZuks]a Lisfu;ksa vkfn dkA Hkk"kkbZ fLFkfr vkSj Hkh [kjkc FkhA jktdh; Lrj ij ySfVu ds izHkqRo'kkyh gksus vkSj nwljs lHkh Hkk"kkbZ :iksa ds {ks=h; pfj= dk vFkZ ;g Hkh Fkk fd] tc bVyh dks ,d jk"Vª jkT; ds :i esa viuh Lora=rk rFkk ,drk gkfly Hkh gks xbZ] rc Hkh mldh flQZ <kbZ Qhln vkcknh okLro esa brkyoh Hkk"kk cksyrh FkhA vktknh vkSj ,dhdj.k ds ipkl lky ckn] tc bl lnh ds 'kq: ds o"kksaZ esa xzkE'kh iy&c<+ jgs Fks] mUgksua s lkMhZfu;kbZ Hkk"kk ds lkFk&lkFk brkyoh Hkk"kk] nwljh Hkk"kk ds :i esa lh[kh Fkh vkSj dkWyt s esa igqp ¡ us ds ckn gh og bl Hkk"kk esa Bhd ls fy[kuk lh[k ik, FksA [kkl rkSj ij ns'k ds nf{k.kh fgLls es]a 1937 esa xzkE'kh dh e`R;qds le; rd vf/kdka'k xjhc ifjokjksa ds lkFk rks ;gh fLFkfr FkhA ckn ds n'kdksa esa vke lk{kjrk] jsfM;ks rFkk Vsyhfotu ds vkus ds ckn gh bVyhokfl;ksa ds cgqer ds fy,] viuh ?kksf"kr jk"Vªh; Hkk"kk esa ,d nwljs ds lkFk laokn djuk laHko gks ik;kA dksbZ jk"Vª jkT; ugha] dksbZ lk>h Hkk"kk ugha] dksbZ mYys[kuh; vkS|ksfxd iwt ¡ h ugha vkSj nwljh vksj loZO;kih ppZ] tks cM+h xgjkbZ ls cM+s HkwLokfe;ksa ds fgrksa ds lkFk tqMk+ gqvk Fkk vkSj ftls O;kikfjd rFkk is'ksoj oxksZa dk vuqeksnu gkfly Fkk&;gh Fkh bVyh dh vke fLFkfrA bUgha gkyr ds chp ls jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k dk vkanksyu vkSj mlds lkFk tqMk+ lkekftd] jktuSfrd rFkk ckSf)d lq/kkj dk vkanksyu mBk] ftls fjlksthZeVas ksa ds uke ls tkuk x;kA xzkE'kh] Qklhoknh ekufldrk ds mRl dks bl lewps bfrgkl ls] ysfdu rkRdkfyd vFkZ esa [kkl rkSj ij fjlksthZeVas ksa dh foQyrk ds lkFk tksMr+ s FksA Ýkalhlh ØkfUr ds ckn vk, mUuhloha lnh ds jk"Vªh; vktknh vkSj lkekftd lq/kkj ds fdlh Hkh vkanksyu ls] de ls de ;g mEehn rks dh gh tkrh Fkh fd og] cM+s iSekus dh d`f"k laifŸk ds [kkRes dk i{k ysxk vkSj bl oxZ ds ctk; oafpr fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dk vkSj jktuSfrd tura= ds nk;js esa jk"Vªh; iwt ¡ hifr oxZ dk i{k ysxkA bl U;wure ekud ds fglkc ls tk¡pk tk,] rks bVyh dh Lora=rk ds usrk vxj fo'okl?kkrh ugha] rks fujk'kktud :i ls foQy t:j FksA muds fy,] jk"Vªh; ,drk vius vki esa ,d y{; Fkh vkSj ;g yxHkx ,d rjg ds feFkdh; ewY; ds :i esa FkhA bl ekeys esa mUgksua s jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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vkxs pydj Qklhoknh fdLe ds ;q)ksUeknh vfr jk"Vªokn ds mHkjus ds fy, uhao Mkyh FkhA muds fy, lekt ds vk/kqfudhdj.k dk eryc eq[; :i ls fodflr if'peh ns'kks]a [kkl rkSj ij Ýkal ls fopkj m/kkj ysuk FkkA ysfdu muds ikl fdlkuksa ds mRFkku dk viuk dksbZ O;ofLFkr dk;ZØe ugha FkkA lalnh; {ks= esa mUgksua ]s lEifRr ij vk/kkfjr lhfer erkf/kdkj dh O;oLFkk ykxw djkbZA ;gk¡ rd fd lHkh iq#"kksa ds fy, erkf/kdkj Hkh] iwjh vk/kh lnh chrus ds ckn 1911 esa gh vk;k vkSj efgykvksa dk oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj rks vkSj Hkh ckn es]a xzkE'kh ds fu/ku ds cgqr ckn] nwljs fo'o ;q) ds ckn vk;kA tgk¡ rd {ks=h; vlekurkvksa dk loky gS] os usrk bldh vksj ls vk¡[ksa can fd, gq, FksA mŸkj ds dgha T;knk lEiUu {ks= dks] nf{k.k ds eqdkcys fo'ks"k vf/kdkj gkfly Fks vkSj bl [ksfrgj fiNokM+s dk bLrseky] eq[;r% jktLo ds lzkrs ds :i esa vkSj iqfyl rFkk v/kZlfS ud cyksa esa HkrhZ ds lzkrs ds :i esa fd;k tk jgk FkkA bl rdZ dks ge vkSj vkxs ys tk ldrs gSAa xkSj djus okyh ckr ;g gS fd xzkE'kh ds fy, Qklhoknh ekufldrk dh tM+& as Hkkjh rknkn esa yksxksa ds Qklhokn dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj gksu& s mruh gh vrhr dh foQyrkvksa ds ijr&nj&ijr tek gskrs gq, bfrgkl esa Fkha] ftruh fd bVyh dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iw¡thokn dk ftl rjg fodkl gqvk Fkk] mlesa Fkha vkSj T;knk rkRdkfyd :i ls ns[ks]a rks mUgksua s chl ds n'kd ls Qklhokn dh tM+as dksbZ vk/kh lnh igys ds ml jk"Vªokn dh foQykrkvksa esa ryk'k dh] ftlus bVyh dks ,drk] Lora=rk vkSj jk"Vªh;Ro dk igyk Lokn fn;k FkkA xzkE'kh ds vuqlkj Qklhokn] foŸkh; iw¡th dh iwt ¡ hokn ds vkfFkZd ladV dks gy djus dh grk'k vkf[kjh dksf'k'k Hkj ugha Fkk] tcfd dksfeaVuZ esa muds dqN lkfFk;ksa dk ,slk gh ekuuk FkkA blds foijhr] xzkE'kh us Qklhokn dk ,d ,dhd`r fo'ys"k.k is'k fd;k] ftlesa mUgksua s vkfFkZd eqn~nksa dk fj'rk laLd`fr] /keZ vkSj fod`r jk"Vªh; fodkl ds lewps bfrgkl ds lkFk tksMk+ A bl flyflys esa mUgksua s tks eq[; loky mBk;k] og ;g Fkk fd D;k otg gS fd ns'k ds brus fo'kky fgLls us] oxhZ; foHkktuksa ls Åij mBdj rFkk voke ds chp ds Hkh vusd foHkktuksa ls Åij mBdj] Qklhokn dks Lohdkj fd;k Fkk\ mUgksua s vius futh vuqHko dh laink vkSj viuh ckSf)d {kerkvksa dks] bl loky dk tokc ryk'k djus esa yxk;kA xzkE'kh] nf{k.kh bVyh ds v/kZ&lkearh thou ls] tgk¡ fo'kky la[;k fdlkuksa dh Fkh] xgjkbZ ls ifjfpr FksA dkWyt s esa mUgksua s lkfgR;] Hkk"kk&ehekalk rFkk ,sfrgkfld Hkk"kk foKku dk v/;;u fd;k Fkk vkSj bl lcdk mi;ksx jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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mUgksua s bVyh ds vk/kqfudrkoknh rFkk Hkfo";oknh ¼¶;wpfjLV½ vkanksyu dk ,d izfrHkk'kkyh vkykspd cuus esa gh ugha fd;k cfYd] bldk fo'ys"k.k djus esa Hkh fd;k fd fdl rjg mPp oxksaZ }kjk] lkaLd`frd rFkk Hkk"kkbZ foHksnksa dk bLrseky] lexz :i esa lekt esa viuk ckSf)d usr`Ro LFkkfir djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA 1918 rFkk 1919 ds nks ^^yky o"kks*Za * esa ;qok xzkE'kh] cksY'ksfod Økafr ds ckn if'peh ;wjksi esa dgha Hkh gq, lcls cM+k loZgkjk fonzkgs ds] vR;ar egRoiw.kZ usrk ds :i esa mHkjdj lkeus vk,A 1921 esa tc og 30 o"kZ ds gh Fks] og mu N% usr`Rodkjh lnL;ksa esa vk pqds Fks] ftUgksua s bVyh dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA blds ckn] iwjs ik¡p o"kZ rd mUgksua s ekLdks esa dksfeaVuZ esa bVyh dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds izfrfuf/k ds :i esa dke fd;k vkSj bVyh ykSVus ds ckn] ikVhZ ds egklfpo ds :i esa 1926 esa Qklhokfn;ksa }kjk tsy esa Bwl a s tkus ls igys rd] bVyh dh laln esa ,d dE;qfuLV lnL; ds :i esa dke fd;kA mudh tsy Mk;jh ¼fiztu uksV cqDl½] tks Qklhokn ij muds fparu dk gekjs fy, eq[; lzkrs gS] 1929 vkSj 1935 ds chp Qklhokn] tsy esa gh vkSj Hk;kog 'kkjhfjd ihM+k rFkk dHkh Hkh tsy vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk idM+s tkus ds [krjs ds ckotwn] fy[kh xbZ FkhA blds ckn ds nks o"kZ rks og bl dnj chekj jgs fd O;ofLFkr <ax ls dksbZ dke djus dh fLFkfr gh ugha jg xbZ FkhA Qklhokn vfHk;kstu vf/kdkjh us] mUgsa 1927 esa tsy Hkstrs gq, ek¡x dh Fkh fd ^^bl efLr"d dks] nl o"kZ ds fy, dke djus ls jksdk tkuk pkfg,A** blds Bhd nl o"kZ ckn] Qklhoknh dSn esa jgrs gq, gh] viuh ltk vkSipkfjd :i ls iwjh djus ds vxys fnu gh] xzkE'kh dh e`R;q gks xbZA ysfdu] ml efLr"d dks dke djus ls ugha jksdk tk ldk FkkA mudh tsy Mk;jh nqfu;k Hkj esa bl lnh dh lcls izHkko'kkyh jpukvkas esa ls gSA ;gk¡ ge lcls igys xzkE'kh ds thou dh :ijs[kk j[kuk pkgsx a s vkSj og ftl ns'k esa iys&c<+]s mldh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡A blds ckn ge Qklhokn ij mudk fparu lkj :i esa j[kuk pkgsx a As xzkE'kh dk thou % 1870 esa bVyh ,d iwjh rjg ls Lora= vkSj ,dhd`r ns'k cudj lkeus vk;kA blds nks n'kd ckn] 1891 esa nf{k.kh rV ls nwj lkMhZfu;k }hi ij] ,d NksVs ls xk¡o esa xzkE'kh dk tUe gqvk FkkA muds firk] nf{k.k esa fLFkr eq[; Hkw&Hkkx ls Fks vkSj ,d NksVs ls vf/kdkjh ds :i esa bl }hi ij vk, FksA mudh ekrk] blh bykds dh jgus okyh Fkha vkSj NksVs dk'rdkjksa ds ifjokjksa ls FkhaA cgjgky] og bl ek;us esa vlk/kkj.k Fkha fd bl {ks= esa tgk¡ lk{kjrk dh nj 10 Qhln Fkh vkSj eqf'dy ls ,d Qhln efgyk,¡ lk{kj Fkha] og fy[kuk&i<+uk tkurh FkhaA cgjgky] ifjokj dh ;g jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ekewyh lh lEiUurk Hkh ml le; u"V gks xbZ] tc ,d jktuSfrd >xM+s ds pyrs xzkE'kh ds firk dks tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA rc rd mudh ek¡ ds lkr cPps gks pqds Fks vkSj mUgksua s esgur etnwjh dj mudk ikyu&iks"k.k fd;kA bl v/kZ&xzkeh.k i`"BHkwfe esa og foQy fuEu iw¡thoknh vkdka{kkvksa dh larku FksA xzkE'kh ,d ,sls ?kj esa iydj cM+s gq, ftlesa u fctyh Fkh vkSj u LukukxkjA ;gk¡ rd fd ?kj esa ykyVsuas rd ugha Fkha vkSj [kkus dks bruk de Fkk fd] dkWyt s tkus ds ckn rd og yxkrkj Hkw[ks jgrs vk, FksA pkj o"kZ dh vk;q esa cpiu esa gqbZ ,d nq?kZVuk ds pyrs mUgsa nkSjs iM+us yxsA MkWDVj bl dnj fuj{kj Fkk fd mlus cPps dks Nr ls ;g dgrs gq, myVk yVdk fn;k fd blls mldk bykt gks tk,xkA bl ^mipkj* us mls] thou Hkj ds fy, fod`r djds j[k fn;k] mlds fodkl dks dqfa Br dj fn;k vkSj 'ks"k thou Hkj ds fy, mls dqcM+k cuk fn;k rFkk le;&le; ij iM+us okys Hkh"k.k nnZ ds nkSjksa dk migkj ns fn;kA va/kfo'okl vkSj >kM+&Qw¡d ls xzLr lekt esa bl HkkSfrd fod`fr dks vkl&iM+kl s ds yksx ,d vizkd`frd vfHk'kki ds :i esa ns[krs FksA muds Ldwyh lkFkh mUgsa dqcM+k dgdj iqdkjrs Fks vkSj mu ij iRFkj Qsd a rs Fks rFkk mUgsa [ksy ls ckgj [knsM+ fn;k djrs FksA o;Ld gksus ds ckn xzkE'kh] ml tekus dks ;kn djrs Fks vkSj fdlkuksa dks jksekuhdj.k djus ds ctk;] og lkMhZfu;k ds xzkeh.k thou ds vis{kkd`r Øwj igyqvksa dks ;kn fd;k djrs FksA og le>rs Fks fd lfn;ksa ds fons'kh geyks]a ywVikV djus okyh QkSth vkSj lkearh u`'kalrkvksa us] fdlkuksa dh ftanxh ij u`'kalrk dh Nki NksM+ nh gS vkSj vkSjrksa rFkk cPpksa ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj] bl ccZjrk dh viuh [kkl fo'ks"krk gSA og le>rs Fks fd xjhch] chekjh] csjkstxkjh vkSj yxkrkj Hkw[ks jgus ds gkykr us] muds ekul esa vkrad ds Hkkjh fu'kku NksM+ fn, gSAa izrs fo|k] Vksuk&VksVdk] yqVjs kiu vkSj ,slh gh nwljh vusd chekfj;ksa ds Åij ls] dSFkksfyd ppZ dk n.M nsus okyk iksx a kiaFk vkSj lokj FkkA bl lanHkZ esa yksxksa ds fo'kky cgqer dks 'kklu ds rkuk'kkghiw.kZ :i] ftuesa Qklhoknh :i Hkh 'kkfey gS] dksbZ cgqr fofp= ugha yxrs FksA ,slh fLFkfr es]a ladV dk ØkfUrdkjh <ax ls lek/kku u gksus dh lwjr es]a fdlkuksa vkSj v/kZ&xzkeh.k voke ds fgLlksa dks vkSj [kkl rkSj ij muds chp ds laLrjksa dks] Qklhoknh >.Ms ds rys xksycan fd;k tk ldrk FkkA bl [kkl ek;us esa Qklhokn dk Lohdkj fd;k tkuk] fdlku iz'u ds ØkfUrdkjh <ax ls gy u fd, tkus dh detksjh ds lkFk ?kfu"B :i ls tqMk+ gqvk FkkA xzkE'kh dh ckSf)d izfrHkk ds lcwr rks tYn gh feyus yxs FksA ysfdu] iSls ds vHkko esa mudh Ldwyh f'k{kk chp esa gh jksduh iM+h FkhA xzkE'kh us vkxs jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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pydj fy[kk fd ^^fonzkgs dh ,d lgt Hkkouk** rHkh 'kq: gks xbZ Fkh] D;ksfa d ^^lHkh /kfud iq= Ldwy tk jgs Fks] ^^tcfd gj fo"k; esa nl esa ls nl vad ikus okys xzkE'kh dks] vius ifjokj ds fy, jksVh dekus esa yxuk iM+k FkkA nks lky ckn] og nksckjk LFkkuh; Ldwy esa tkus yxsA ysfdu] ogk¡ i<+kbZ bruh [kjkc Fkh fd muds fy, xf.kr ds vius 'kq: ls I;kj dks fQj vkxs tkjh j[kuk dHkh laHko ugha gqvkA Ldwyh f'k{kk ds nkSj ds vkf[kj es]a mudh eqykdkr jkQk xkflZ;k uke ds ,d f'k{kd ls t:j gqb]Z ftlus mUgsa jktuhfr vkSj tkrh; mRihM+u ds ckjs esa FkksMh+ cgqr f'k{kk nhA xzkE'kh us vius Ldwyh fuca/kksa esa ls ,d esa fy[kk Fkk % ^^yM+kb;k¡ O;kikj ds fy, yM+h tkrh gS]a u fd lH;rk ds fy,A tc phfu;ksa us mudh vQhe [kjhnus ls bUdkj dj fn;k] vaxt sz ksa us phu ds fdrus uxjksa ij ceckjh dh FkhA D;k bls lH;rk dgrs gS\a ** tkrh;@jk"Vªh; mRihM+u dh ;g xgjh le>] fuHkZjrk dh ml cgqLrjh; O;oLFkk ls tqMh+ gqbZ Fkh] tks muds }hi ij vkSj vke rkSj ij nf{k.kh bVyh ij Fkksi nh xbZ FkhA lkMhZfu;k ij] mlds bfrgkl ds fofHkUu nkSjksa es]a fHkUu&fHkUu ;wjksih; 'kfDr;ksa dk dCtk jgk FkkA Lora=rk feyus rFkk bVyh esa ,dhdj.k ds ckn] lkMhZfu;k ds lkFk mŸkjh iw¡thokfn;ksa }kjk ,d van:uh mifuos'k tSlk crkZo fd;k tk jgk FkkA 1911 rd] tc xzkE'kh v/;;u ds fy, viuk }hi NksMd + j bVyh ds eq[; Hkw&Hkkx esa vk, Fks] lkMhZfu;k ds lewps rFkkdfFkr vkS|ksfxd {ks= esa 35000 ls Hkh de yksx dk;Zjr Fks vkSj buesa ls vk/ks lhls rFkk tLrs dh [knkuksa esa dke dj jgs Fks] tks mŸkjh brkyoh] Ýkalhlh rFkk csfYt;kbZ iwt ¡ h }kjk fey tqy dj pykbZ tk jgh FkhaA ,ysl uke ds ftl xk¡o esa og iys vkSj c<+s Fks] og bl }hi ds mu fgLlksa dh lkjh fo'ks"krkvksa ls lEiUu Fkk] tgk¡ ikfjokfjd Je ds vk/kkj ij vkSj ,slh NksVh&NksVh dk'rksa es]a tks djhc&djhc vykHkdj Fkha] NksVs iSekus ds eky&mRiknu dk gh cksyokyk FkkA ml le; fdlkuksa ij cgqr Å¡ps dj yxk;s tkrs Fks vkSj mUgsa ,slh dhersa Lohdkj djuh iM+rh Fkha] tks bVyh] csfYt;e rFkk Ýkal dh ljdkjksa }kjk vkil esa feydj r; dh tkrh FkhaA vkxs pydj xzkE'kh dk ifjokj f?kykjtk esa vk x;k] tks jsyos ykbu ds utnhd fLFkr FkkA ;g lkMhZfu;k dh ,dek= jsyos ykbu FkhA cgjgky] ;gk¡ Hkh mlh rjg dk fiNM+kiu FkkA lkearokn dk] lkMhZfu;k esa 1835 esa gh [kkRek gqvk Fkk vkSj bl rjg :l dks NksMd + j] ;wjksi esa nwljh gj txg ds eqdkcys] bl fygkt ls og fiNM+k gqvk FkkA blds pyrs] bl izkra ds dqN {ks=ksa esa NksV& s NksVs [ksr Fks] rks dqN esa cM+h&cM+h tkxhjsa FkhaA cgjgky] gj txg vis{kkd`r xjhc fdlku v/kZlkearh nklrk esa ca/ks gq, FksA xjhch bruh T;knk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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Fkh fd] tc igys fo'o ;q) ds nkSjku vfuok;Z lSU; lsok dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ] ,d pkSFkkbZ fdlku rks ?kksj dqiks"k.k ds f'kdkj gksus ds pyrs gh QkSt esa dke djus ds v;ksX; ik, x,A [knkuksa esa dke djus okys etnwj] nl ?kaVs ds dke ds fnu vkSj lkIrkfgd NqV~Vh ;k eghus esa nks fnu dh NqV~Vh rd] ek¡xrs gq, Mjrs FksA ,slh ek¡x ds fy, mUgs]a lksp& s le>s <ax ls gR;k lesr] dksbZ Hkh n.M fn;k tk ldrk FkkA oxhZ; utfj;k % ,d Ldwyh cPps ds rkSj ij gh xzkE'kh ;g lc igpkuus yxs FksA fQj Hkh ;g bls oxhZ; mRihM+u dh utj ls u ns[kdj 'kq) :i ls ml tkrh; mRihM+u dh utj ls ns[k jgs Fks] tks fonsf'k;ksa ds lkFk feydj mŸkj }kjk nf{k.kh fgLls ij <k;k tk jgk FkkA rksfXy;krh Hkh] tks nwljs fo'o ;q) ds ckn bVyh ds dE;qfuLVksa ds lcls egRoiw.kZ usrk ds :i esa lkeus vk,] lkMhZfu;k ls gh Fks ¼gkyk¡fd ;g e/;oxhZ; ifjokj ls Fks½ vkSj dkWyt s esa xzkE'kh ds lgikBh jgs FksA mUgksua s Hkh ,d ckj fy[kk Fkk fd tc dkWyt s esa igys o"kZ esa mudh igyh eqykdkr gqbZ Fkh] xzkE'kh igys gh dqN vLi"V ls lektoknh fopkjksa rd igqp ¡ pqds FksA blds ckotwn] og ewyr% ,d lkMhZfu;kbZ jk"Vªoknh gh Fks] tks mŸkj ds f[kykQ tcjnLr vkx mxyrs Fks vkSj vius }hi ds fy, rFkk vke rkSj ij nf{k.k ds fy,] vktknh dh odkyr djrs FksA dqN o"kZ ckn] tc xzkE'kh rwfjfu;kbZ etnwj oxZ ds thou esa ?kqy&fey x, vkSj QSDVªh dkmaflyksa ds tfj, loZgkjk la?k"kksZa esa Mwc x, mUgksua s fdlku iz'u dh vkSj iw¡thoknh fodkl esa {ks=h; vlarqyuksa ds lewps iz'u dh gh vuns[kh dh FkhA og rks tc mUgksua s ;g ns[kk fd Qklhokn ns'k Hkj esa rsth ls QSy jgk Fkk vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa vius fHkUu&fHkUu <ax ds vk/kkj ij laxfBr dj jgk Fkk vkSj [kkl rkSj ij lksfo;r la?k esa dqN le; fcrkus ds ckn tgk¡ mUgsa igyh ckj O;ofLFkr <ax ls ysfuu rFkk vU; cksY'ksfod fl)kardkjksa dks i<+us dk ekSdk feyk Fkk] rHkh og ml iz'u ij ykSVdj vk,] ftls mUgksua s [kqn ^nf{k.k dk iz'u* dk uke fn;k FkkA ;gk¡ rd igqp ¡ rs&igqp ¡ rs bl loky dh xzkE'kh dh le> dgha tfVy gks pqdh FkhA og bl ckr dks le> jgs Fks fd bVyh ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dk cgqr gh fHkUu&fHkUu <ax dk ,sfrgkfld fodkl gqvk gS vkSj blls oxksZa ds xBu rFkk Vdjkoksa dh cgqr lh fHkUu&fHkUu fojklrsa cuh gqbZ gSAa blfy,] dE;qfuLVksa dks fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa vkSj fofHkUu rcdksa ds chp] ,d jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,dhd`r la?k"kZ ds nk;js es]a cgqr gh fHkUu&fHkUu uhfr;k¡ fodflr djuh gksx a hA nwljs] og ;g le> jgs Fks fd bVyh tSls v/kZ&vkS|ksxhd`r ns'k es]a fdlkuksa dh ØkfUrdkjh ykecanh ds fcuk vksj {ks=h; iz'u ds lgh lek/kku ds fcuk] u rks jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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,d tu&dE;qfuLV vkanksyu laHko gS vkSj u gh Qklhokn ds f[kykQ ,d jk"Vªh; la?k"kZ laHko gSA bl ckr dh psruk ml le; vkSj xgjh gks xbZ] tc mUgksua s ;g ns[kk fd mŸkjh uxjksa ds loZgkjk vk/kkjksa dks u"V fd;k tk jgk Fkk] tcfd nsgkr esa ØkfUrdkjh vk/kkjksa dk dksbZ ,slk rkuk&ckuk ugha Fkk tgk¡ ikVhZ laxfBr <ax ls ihNs gV dj cph jg ikrhA bl rjg] varfuZfgr <ax ls mUgksua s ;g fn[kk;k fd] Qklhokn dh lQyrk dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd dE;qfuLV ikVhZ us viuh t:jr ls T;knk ÅtkZ jktuSfrd Åijh <k¡ps es]a Qklhokn ds f[kykQ lalnh; izfrjks/k laxfBr djus esa vkSj iwt ¡ hifr oxZ ds lq/kkjoknh cktqvksa ds f[kykQ fopkj/kkjkRed la?k"kZ esa gh yxkbZ Fkh] tcfd fdlkuksa ds ØkfUrdkjh laxBu esa i;kZIr ÅtkZ dafs nzr ugha dh xbZ FkhA xzkE'kh le>rs Fks fd ;g vlary q u fdlh lrgh pwd dk ifj.kke ugha Fkk] ftls csgrj dk;Zuhfrd fu;kstu ds tfj;s dHkh Hkh nq#Lr fd;k tk ldrk gksA blds ctk; og] bl vlarqyu dks ikVhZ }kjk ftl j.kuSfrd ykbu ij pyk tkrk jgk Fkk] mlh dk lgh&lgh izfrfcacu ekurs FksA nwljs 'kCnksa es]a jktuSfrd Åijh <k¡ps ij t:jr ls T;knk /;ku blhfy, dsfa nzr fd;k x;k Fkk] D;ksfa d blls igys fdlkuksa ds chp i;kZIr ØkfUrdkjh dk;Z ugha fd;k x;k vkSj ,d ckj tc ladV ifjiDo gksdj lkeus vk x;k] ,sls dke ds fy, ekSdk gh izk;% ugha jg x;kA bl ekeys esa nsj gks tkus dk lcwr blh rF; ls fey tkrk gS fd 1926 esa tc lRrk ij QkflLVksa ds vkjafHkd dCts ds iwjs pkj lky ckn xzkE'kh dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k] og vius ys[k ^^nf{k.k dk iz'u** ij dke gh dj jgs Fks] ftldk edln bl ekeys esa j.kuSfrd nq#Lrhdj.k dh uhao Mkyuk FkkA okLro esa ;g dguk Hkh xyr ugha gksxk fd mudh d`fr fiztu uksVcqDl dk ckjhd vkSj fojkV lS)kafrd rkuk cuk mUgha iz'uksa ls mHkjk Fkk] ftudk viuh ikVhZ dh vksj ls tokc nsus dh dksf'k'k xzkE'kh ml le; dj jgs Fks] tc Qklhoknh nLrs mUgsa tsy esa ys tkus ds fy, igq¡ps FksA /keZ dk loky % xzkE'kh us /keZ ds loky dks rhu fgLlksa esa ckaVdj ns[kkA d`f"k iz/kku nf{k.kh fgLls ds fy, mUgksua s iksi rFkk iknfj;ksa dh laLFkkxr lŸkk dks lkearokn dh ijaijkvks]a cM+s HkwLokfe;ksa dh ekStnw k rkdr vkSj ,d ,sls lekt es]a tks ijaijkxr ugha jgk Fkk] ysfdu vk/kqfud ;k vkS|ksxhd`r Hkh ugha cu ik;k Fkk] ea>ys laLrjksa ds Hk;kØkar ¼'khtksÝfs ud½ lkaLd`frd #[k ds lkFk tksM+ dj ns[kkA nwljh rjQ vkS|ksxhd`r mŸkj ds vk/kqfud cqf)thfo;ksa ds chp] /kkfeZd fopkj/kkjk dh rkdr ds lac/a k esa mudh O;k[;k fHkUu FkhA blesa og DykflflTe dh ml lkaLd`frd fojklr ij tksj nsrs gS]a tks mPp oxZ us ifo= jkseu lkezkT; ls vkSj Dykfldh lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ySfVu ds ppZ rFkk mDr lkezkT; ds lkFk fj'rs ls] fojklr esa gkfly dh FkhA nwljs 'kCnksa es]a vxj vk/kqfud cqf)thoh oxZ ds fopkj/kkjkRed xBu esa /kkfeZd rRo bruk eq[kj Fkk] rks bldh otg ;g ugha Fkh fd blesa mRiknu dh fdlh ,slh iqjkuh i)fr dk izfrfcacu gks jgk Fkk] tks e/; ;qx esa iSnk gqbZ FkhA blds foijhr os vlafnX/k :i ls ,d vk/kqfud iw¡thifr oxZ ds cqf)thoh Fks] ysfdu ,d ,sls iw¡thifr oxZ ds cqf)thoh] tks vius orZeku esa lgh ek;uksa esa ØkfUr djus esa foQy jgk Fkk vkSj tks blhy, vius lkezkT;h rFkk Dykfldh vrhr ls oS/krk m/kkj ysrk Fkk] ml vrhr ls] ftlesa ;wjksi dh nwljh fdlh Hkh txg ds eqdkcys bVyh dks] /kkfeZd fopkjk/kkjk ek= ls vyx dj ikuk vlaHko FkkA xzkE'kh crkrs gSa fd ,sls lektksa es]a tgk¡ DykflflTe dh ijaijkvksa esa /keZ dh Nki bruh etcwr gS] vk/kqfud lekt dks ijaijk rFkk izkphu yksddFkkvksa dks u;s flj ls txk;s tkus ij vk/kkfjr djus dh dksbZ Hkh dksf'k'k vfuok;Zr%] /kkfeZdrk ds izfrfØ;koknh rFkk rkuk'kkghiw.kZ :iksa ds fy, }kj [kksyrh gSA cgjgky] /keZ dk ,d rhljk igyw Hkh gSA bl flyflys esa xzkE'kh mRihfM+r oxksZa dh ,d fo'o n`f"V ds :i es& a ftls og ^lkekU; Kku* djkj nsrs gS& a /keZ dh Hkwfedk dh Hkh ppkZ djrs gsAa tc rd] iwjh rjg ls lw=c) loZgkjk uSfrdrk] nqfu;k dh ,d O;kogkfjd O;k[;k ds :i esa vkSj gj rjg dh lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa ds vk/kkj ds :i esa lkeus ugha vk tkrh gS] /keZ mu fopkj/kkjkRed iz.kkkfy;ksa esa lcls 'kfDr'kkyh iz.kkyh dh Hkwfedk vnk djrk jgrk gS] ftlds tfj;s mRihfM+r viuh nqfu;k dks le>rs gSa vkSj vius vuqHkoks]a vk'kkvksa rFkk vkdka{kkvksa dks Lo:Ik iznku djrs gSAa bl /kkfeZd ^lkekU; Kku* ls loZgkjk uSfrdrk rd dk laØe.k ¼vius iw.kZre :i es½a vlafnX/k :i ls gj rjg ds fopkj/kkjkRed la?k"kksZa dks Hkh vius esa lesVs gq, gSA fQj Hkh ;g lkjr% ,d fHkUu fdLe ds lekt ds fuekZ.k dk ekeyk gSA xzkE'kh ;g Hkh crkrs gSa fd /keZ ds bu rhuksa igyqvksa dks] ;kuh iwoZ iw¡thoknh nkSj ls tqMh+ mldh laLFkkxr rkdr dks] fiNM+s iw¡thifr oxZ ds vk/kqfud cqf)thfo;ksa ds chp mldh fopkj/kkjkRed rkdr dks vkSj voke ds lkekU; Kku ds :i esa mldh Hkwfedk dks] egt fo'ys"k.kkRed mn~n's ;ksa ds fy, vkSj fofHkUu fdLe ds lkekftd O;ogkjksa esa foHksn djus ds fy, gh] ,d nwljs ls vyxk;k tk ldrk gSA okLrfod thou esa ;s rhuksa igyw] vDlj ijLij lac) jgrs gSAa turk dk] viuh okLrfod fLFkfr;ksa dks] Lor% LQwrZ <ax ls /kkfeZd Hkk"kk esa le> ikuk] 'kk;n gh dHkh /keZ dh mu laLFkkxr rFkk fopkj/kkjkRed 'kfDr;ksa ds izn"w k.k ls eqDr jgrk gksxk] ftudk mi;ksx mPp oxksZa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa es]a yksd /kkfeZd vkpkj flQZ iknjh oxZ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dh lRrk dk gh izHkko ugha gksrs gSa vkSj vDlj muesa Lok;Ÿk gksus ds okLrfod la?k"kZ izfrfcafcr gks jgs gksrs gSAa ysfdu] blh rjg yksd /kkfeZdrk Hkh dHkh Hkh] mldh vfr LFkkuh; rFkk vLFkkbZ vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks vioknLo:Ik NksM+ nsa rks] ml izof` Ÿk ls iwjh rjg eqDr ugha jg ldrh] ftls xzkE'kh cM+h fgdkjr ds lkFk ^DykflflTe* dk uke nsrs gSAa blfy, yksd laLd`fr vkSj yksd dyk:iksa dh xzkE'kh dh n`f"V] mUgsa flQZ ,slh oSdfYid xqt a kb'kksa ds :i esa ugha ns[krh] ftUgsa T;ksa dk R;ksa mPp laLd`fr rFkk mPp dyk ds f[kykQ [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gksA xzkE'kh dh utj esa yksd dyk ges'kk ,d feyh tqyh pht gksrh gS] tks ,d lkFk Lok;Ÿkrk ds fy, voke ds la?k"kZ dks Hkh izfrfcafcr djrh gSA og dgrs gSa fd Lok;Ÿkrk dk ;g la?k"kZ Hkh vDlj ,sls :i xzg.k dj ysrk gS] tks fod`r gksrs gSa vkSj Bhd mlh ewY; O;oLFkk ls tqMs+ gksrs gS]a ftlds f[kykQ og fonzkgs djrk gSA Qklhoknh lao`fŸk dh tfVyrk % cgjgky] bu lcdk Qklhokn ls D;k lac/a k gS\ lcls igys rks ;gh fd xzkE'kh ds fy, Qklhokn mruh gh ,d lkekftd rFkk lkaLd`frd laof` Ÿk gS] ftruh fd ,d oxhZ; jktuhfr dk :i gS ;k bfrgkl ds ,d [kkl eqdke ij iw¡thokn ds vkfFkZd ladV dks gy djus dh ,d [kkl uhfr gSA nwljs] vlyh loky flQZ 'kkld oxZ dh uhfr dk ugha gS] cfYd turk ds fo'kky fgLlksa }kjk Qklhoknh 'kklu dks Lohdkj fd, tkus dk Hkh gSA turk }kjk dqN [kkl fdLe ds fopkjksa dks Lohdkj fd, tkus rFkk nwljksa dks Lohdkj u fd, tkus ds blh iz'u ds lanHkZ esa xzkE'kh] ,sfrgkfld fojklrksa rFkk lkaLd`frd fopkjksa dh leL;k mBkrs gSAa nwljh fo'o dkaxl zs ds nkSjku] ysfuu us bVyh ds izfrfuf/k eaMy ls MiVdj dgk Fkk % ^Økafr;k¡ rS;kj dh tkrh gSAa vki mldh Qly dkVuk pkgrs gS]a tks vkius cks;k ugha gSA* xzkE'kh us ,d dE;qfuLV ;ks)k ds :i es]a vius thou dk cM+k fgLlk bl ^rS;kj djus* ds iz'u ij gh fopkj djus esa yxk;k FkkA mUgksua s ;g crk;k gS fd] vuqnkj DykflflTe dh ijaijkvksa esa vkSj vkxs pydj iw¡thoknh jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh foQyrkvksa esa ,slk cgqr dqN gS] tks Qklhoknh eukso`fŸk;ksa ds fy, tehu rS;kj djrk gS vkSj tkx`r fopkjksa rFkk yksdfiz; tura= ds fodkl dk jkLrk jksdrk gSA igys Li"V :i ls Qklhoknh geys 1918 esa gq, Fks vkSj muds igys vuq'kkflr laxBu] vxys lky rd lkeus vk pqds FksA 1922 rd vkrs&vkrs os] jkse esa lŸkk ij dCtk dj pqds FksA blds foijhr] lektoknh 1913 esa gh bVyh dh jktuhfr esa ,d izeq[k ikVhZ cudj mHkjs FksA ;g iq#"kksa ds fy, lkoZHkkSe erkf/kdkj ij vk/kkfjr igyk pquko FkkA ¼efgykvksa dks bl le; rd Hkh er nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha Fkk½A 1920 rd muds ikl laln esa ,d jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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frgkbZ lhVsa FkhaA 1921 esa fyokuksZ dkaxl zs ds le; rd] tc foHkktu ds QyLo:Ik dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk gqbZ Fkh] bl foHkktu ls fudyh nksuksa ikfVZ;ksa ds dqy feykdj 1 yk[k 50 gtkj dk;ZdrkZ FksA laln esa cgqer mnkjiafFk;ksa ds gkFkksa esa Fkk] tks vkil esa >xM+us okys NksV& s NksVs xqVksa esa c¡Vs gq, FksA fQj Hkh] mUgsa lalnh; cgqer rks gkfly Fkk ghA cgjgky] bu lc esa dqN Hkh dke ugha vk;kA vkf[kj Qklhokn ds mHkkj ls igys bVyh ds lekt esa ,slk D;k Fkk] ftldh otg ls mnkjokn vkSj lektokn] nksuksa jsr ds egyksa dh rjg <g x,] tcfd vkcknh ds ,d [kkls cM+s fgLls us] ftlesa Hkkjh la[;k esa fdlku rFkk etnwj oxZ ds dqN fgLls Hkh 'kkfey Fks] Qklhokn dks Lohdkj dj fy;k\ Qklhokn&iwoZ ds bVyh ds bfrgkl] laLd`fr rFkk lekt ij xzkE'kh dk fparu] blh loky dk tokc nsus ds fy, FkkA blesa 'kd ugha fd ns'k ds nf{k.kh fgLls es]a tgk¡ fo'o ;q) }kjk mHkkjdj lkeus yk fn, x, d`f"k ladV ds tokc es]a vusd fdlku yhxsa mHkjdj lkeus vk xbZ Fkha] QkflLVksa ds fy, leFkZu tqVkus es]a laxfBr /keZ us ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dh FkhA eq[;r% 'kgjh fuEu iw¡thifr oxZ ls dk;ZdrkZ [khaprs gq, vkSj iknfj;ksa ds vk'khokZnksa ls] bl {ks= esa Qklhoknh nLrs mHkjs Fks] rkfd fupys oxZ dh bl fojks/k dh vkokt dks dqpyk tk ldsA tc rd fdlku yhxksa dks iwjh rjg f'kdLr nh tkrh] HkwLokfe;ksa dks irk yx x;k fd Qklhoknh cgqr T;knk rkdroj gks pqds gSa vkSj lkearksa dks [kqn bl rkdr ds lkFk viuk rkyesy cSBkuk iM+kA mŸkjh fgLls es]a 'kgjh cqf)thfo;ksa ds fo'kky fgLls 'kq:vkr esa Qklhokn ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr ugha j[krs FksA ysfdu] /keZ vkSj lkezkT; dh lkaLd`frd ijEijkvksa us mUgsa cgqr gh vuqnkj fopkj/kkjk,¡ lkSia ha FkhaA blfy, os varfuZfgr <ax ls gh turkaf=d tu mHkkj ds vkSj [kkl rkSj ij etnwj oxZ ds c<+rs vkanksyu ds izfr] 'k=qrkiw.kZ #[k j[krs Fks vkSj tc jkseu egkurk rFkk vk/kqfud bVyh ds fo'o fe'ku dh viuh va/kjk"Vªoknh y¶Qkth ds lkFk] Qklhoknh mHkjdj f{kfrt ij vk,] iw¡thoknh cqf)thoh oxZ dks muds lkFk ,d xgjk yxko eglwl gqvkA eqlksfyuh ds lŸkk ij dCtk djus ls igys] flQZ ,d ;k nks cM+s iw¡thoknh ?kjkuksa us gh mldks viuk leFkZu fn;k FkkA okLro es]a mlus iz/kkuea=h ds :i esa viuh fu;qfDr Hkh /kks[ks ls vkSj vius fuEu iwt ¡ hoknh rFkk yaiV leFkZdksa ds fo'kky fgLls dks] jkse ds fxnZ bdV~Bk djds djkbZ FkhA mlds lkeus mnkjiaFkh e/;ekfxZ;ksa us] lh/ks&lh/ks ?kqVus Vsd fn, Fks vkSj mlds lFk ,d ds ckn ,d le>kSrs djrs x, FksA ,d fo'oluh; ljdkj dk;e djus vkSj okeiaFk ds yksdfiz; mHkkj dks jksdus es]a mnkjiaFkh e/;ekxZ dh bl foQyrk us gh iw¡thifr oxZ dks cM+h rsth ls blds fy, jkth fd;k Fkk fd mlh eqlksfyuh ds ihNs ,dtqV gks tk,¡] jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ftldks futh rkSj ij muesa ls cgqr ls ukilan djrs Fks vkSj ftldk ,d etcwr jkT; rFkk vk/kqfud iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk [kM+h djus dk oknk mUgsa vkd"kZd yxk FkkA mUgsa voke ds f[kykQ vkrad vkSj 'kklu ds rkuk'kkghiw.kZ :i ls dksbZ fnDdr ugha Fkh] D;ksfa d tura= vkSj ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa ds izfr mudh dksbZ cqfu;knh izfrc)rk ugha FkhA bVyh esa vkSipkfjd :i ls tura= ds jgrs gq, Hkh iwt ¡ hoknh ikfVZ;k¡] fdUgha fopkj/kkjkvksa ds fxnZ laxfBr u gksdj] O;fDr;ksa ds gh fxnZ laxfBr FkhaA fdlku vkSj etnwj oxZ ds vis{kkd`r detksj rcdksa ds f[kykQ] vkrad dk vDlj bLrseky fd;k tkrk FkkA efgykvksa ds f[kykQ fgalk rks thou i)fr gh cu pqdh FkhA ¼fllyh es]a o;Ld gksus ls igys gh] gj nl esa ls ,d yM+dh cykRdkj dh f'kdkj gks tkrh Fkh½A Qklhokn u rks cM+s HkwLokeh oxZ us cfYd mls iSnk fd;k Fkk eq[;r% fuEu iw¡thifr oxZ us vkSj O;kikfj;ksa usA ysfdu] ftu mPp oxksaZ us Qklhokn iSnk ugha fd;k Fkk] mUgksua s Hkh ;g eglwl gksrs gh fd] Qklhokn mUgsa ,d ,slk etcwr jkT; eqgS;k djk ldrk gS] tks e/;ekxhZ 'kfDr;ksa ds vkilh >xM+kas us vlaHko cuk fn;k Fkk] vlk/kkj.k rRijrk ds lkFk] mldh jktuSfrd rFkk lkekftd loksZPprk dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA iw¡thifr oxZ dh foQyrk % bVyh ds ,dhdj.k vkSj Lora= gksus ds ckn djhc&djhc Bhd ipkl o"kZ ckn] Qklhokn ds gkFk esa lŸkk vk pqdh FkhA vkf[kj D;k otg Fkh fd mlh iw¡thifr oxZ us] ftlus mnkjrk ds brus yacs pkSMs+ nkoksa ds lkFk 'kq:vkr dh Fkh( vius tura= dks ,d /kks[ks esa cnyus vkSj mldk ijkHko gksus rFkk iru gksus dh fLFkfr esa tkus fn;k\ xzkE'kh dk bldk fo'ys"k.k tfVy gSA fQj Hkh] bl flyflys esa nks dsna zh; egRo ds dkjdksa dk ge ftØ dj ldrs gSAa igyk] [kqn dks fdlku turk ds lkFk tksMu+ s vkSj HkwLokeh oxZ dk [kkRek djus esa iw¡thifr oxZ dh lQyrkA nwljk] ^DykflflTe* ds lkFk [kqn viuh jCr&tCr vkSj d`f"k {ks= dh izfrfØ;k dh rkdrksa ds lkFk vius xBtksM+ ds pyrs] laxfBr fonzkgs dh rkdr ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ djus esa mldh foQyrkA xzkE'kh crkrs gSa fd ,d d`f"k iz/kku lekt esa tura= dk iz'u] ,d lkjr% d`f"k iz'u gS vkSj fdlku ds Økafrdkjh mRFkku ds fcuk] iwt ¡ hoknh jktuSfrd O;oLFkk u rks turkaf=d gks ldrh gS] u iw¡thoknh vkSj u gh okLrfod vFkksZa esa ,d jktuSfrd O;oLFkk gks ldrh gSA vkf[kj D;k otg Fkh fd iw¡thifr oxZ fgEer [kks cSBk vkSj mlus [kqn dks fdlkuksa ds lkFk ugha] cfYd HkwLokfe;ksa ds lkFk tksMk+ \ bl flyflys esa xzkE'kh ftl dsna zh; uqDrs dks js[kkafdr djrs gS]a og ;g gS fd tc Ýkal ds iw¡thifr oxZ us 1989 dh ØkfUr esa vfHktkr oxZ ds f[kykQ etnwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds lkFk [kqn dks tksMk+ Fkk] mls tYn gh bldk irk py x;k fd jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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esgurd'k voke dks xksycan djus okyh dksbZ Hkh vfHktkr oxZ fojks/kh Økafr] cM+h rsth ls ,d iwt ¡ hokn fojks/kh Økafr esa rCnhy gks ldrh gSA mUgksua s bl leL;k dks gy fd;k Fkk ml dq[;kr vkrad ds laxBu ds tfj,] ftlus yksdfiz; fudk;ksa dk gh lQk;k dj fn;k FkkA blds ckn ds o"kksZa es]a nqfu;k Hkj ds reke iwt ¡ hifr;ksa us fdlkuksa dh rkdr dks dkcw esa j[kus ds fy,] vfHktkr oxZ ds lkFk feydj pyuk lh[k fy;kA bVyh dks vktknh] eksVs rkSj ij Ýkal esa isfjl dE;wu ds lkFk gh feyh Fkh] ftlus nqfu;k dks igyh ckj loZgkjk dh lŸkk dh >yd fn[kkbZ Fkh vkSj nqfu;k Hkj ds iw¡thifr;ksa dks] iwjh rjg ls izfrfØ;k ds fofHkUu :iksa dk Hkh lgkjk fy;k Fkk] ftuesa lkearoknh rFkk /kkfeZd izfrfØ;koknh 'kfDr;k¡ Hkh 'kfkey FkhaA nsgkr ds ØkfUrdkjh :ikarj.k ds vHkko dk vFkZ flQZ ;gh ugha Fkk fd fdlkuksa dk cM+k fgLlk nfjnzrk dk f'kdkj vkSj fuj{kj cuk jgk] cfYd bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh Fkk fd vkS|ksxhdj.k vius vki esa dqfa Br jgk] tks eq[;r% mPp oxksZa dh gh lsok dj jgk FkkA bl rjg dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa 'kgjhdj.k dk eryc ;g Fkk fd T;knkrj uxj vkS|ksfxd ugha Fks] cfYd eq[;r% ,d vksj HkkM+k dekÅ iw¡thifr oxZ vkSj nwljh vksj yaiV loZgkjk oxZ ls cus Fks vkSj csjkstxkjksa rFkk v/kZ csjkstxkjksa dh HkhM+as buds chp dk laLrj cukrh FkhaA ;s yaiV rFkk dqfa Br rRo] Qklhokn dk eq[; lkekftd vk/kkj cu x,] D;ksfa d ,slh uhoksa ij fdlh Hkh yksdfiz; tura= dk fuekZ.k ugha gks ldrk FkkA tc mnkjoknh e/ ;ekxZ us <qyeqy gksuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj 'kkld oxZ ds lkeus turk ds tuokn vkSj Qklhokn esa ls ,d ds pquko dk loky vk;k] mUgksua s Qklhokn dks pqukA bl izfØ;k esa mlus cM+h [kq'kh ls] laxfBr /keZ dh ekaxksa dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA bVyh dh vktknh ds ckou o"kZ ckn ogk¡ Qklhokn us lŸkk gfFk;k;h FkhA ,d izkphu vrhr vkSj egku /keksZa okyk ns'k Hkkjr Hkh] dqN gh o"kksZa esa viuh vktknh dh vk/kh lnh iwjh djus tk jgk gSA ;gk¡] iwt ¡ hoknh jk"Vªokfn;ksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ;g jgk gS fd mUgksua ]s lkoZHkkSe o;Ld erkf/kdkj ij vk/kkfjr laoS/kkfud ljdkj dh O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus esa Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA ;g ,slh O;oLFkk gS] tks fganw lkEiznkf;drkokfn;ksa vkSj f'ko lsuk ds Qklhokfn;ksa dh jkg esa eq[; ck/kk lkfcr gks jgh gSA ysfdu fLFkj tura= dh tks nks 'krsaZ v/kZ vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa ds fy, xzkE'kh us js[kkafdr dh Fkha& fd fdlkuksa dk ØkfUrdkjh mRFkku gks vkSj /keZ dh izfrfØ;k dh rkdr ds f[kykQ fl)karfu"B la?k"kZ gks& ;gk¡ Hkh mlh rjg xk;c gS]a tSls fd Qklhokn&iwoZ ds bVyh esa xk;c FkhaA rhl djksM+ ls T;knk xzkeh.k vkcknh] xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps jg jgh crkbZ tkrh gS] ml xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps] tks 46 :i;s izfr O;fDr izfr ekg ds vk/kkj ij [khaph tkrh gSA cacbZ tSls vkS|ksfxd uxjksa dk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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rsth ls xSj vkS|ksxhdj.k gks jgk gS vkSj os f'ko lsuk ds uewus ds Qklhoknh yaiVhdj.k ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSAa jkstejkZ ds ?kjsyw iz'kklu esa lqj{kk ,tsfa l;ksa vkSj v/kZlfS ud cyksa dh Hkwfedk rsth ls c<+ jgh gS] tcfd nfyr leqnk;ksa rFkk /kkfeZd vYila[;dksa ds f[kykQ Qklhoknh vkrad] ?kksj jk"Vªoknh y¶Qkth ds lkFk gh lkFk rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA ,sls dkjd] ge fdrus gh fxuk ldrs gSAa vlyh ckr ;g gS fd ,sls lHkh rRoksa us tks ,sfrgkfld :i ls laifŸk'kkyh oxksZa vkSj is'kksa esa yxs oxksaZ dks etcwr vkSj rkuk'kkgh fdLe ds jkT;ksa dk pquko djus ds fy, rFkk reke turkaf=d fu;e dk;nksa dks mBkdj rkd ij j[kus ds fy, rS;kj djrs vk, gS]a ledkyhu Hkkjr esa cgqr gh fparktud j¶rkj ls izdV gksuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA vxj dkaxl sz h <ax dk mnkjokn] vkSj vjktdrk iSnk djrk jgk rks D;k ;s rkdrsa Qklhoknh 'kfDr;ksa ds tfj;s ns'k dks vuq'kkflr djus dh t:jr ekuus dh vksj gh ugha c<+ jgh gksx a h\

lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk -----------lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk] fgUnksLrk¡ gekjk ge cqycqysa gSa bldh] ;g xqfyLrk¡ gekjk xqjcr esa gksa vxj ge] jgrk gS fny oru esa le>ks ogha gesa Hkh] fny gks tgk¡ gekjk ijcr oks lcls Å¡pk] gelk;k vklek¡ dk oks larjh gekjk] oks iklck¡ gekjk xksnh esa [ksyrh gSa] ftldh gtkjksa ufn;k¡ xqy'ku gS ftlds ne ls] j'd&,&ftuk¡ gekjk ,s vkc&,&:n&,&xaxk! oks fnu gS ;kn rq>dks mrjk rsjs fdukjs] tc dkjok¡ gekjk etgc ugha fl[kkrk] vkil esa cSj j[kuk fgUnh gSa] ge oru gSa fgUnksLrk¡ gekjk ;wuku&vks&felz&vks&jksek] lc feV x, tgk¡ ls vc rd exj gS ckdh] uke&vks&fu'kk¡ gekjk dqN ckr gS fd gLrh feVrh ugha gekjh lfn;ksa jgk gS nq'eu] nkSj&,&tgk¡ gekjk ^bdcky* dksbZ egje] viuk ugha tgk¡ esa ekywe D;k fdlh dks] nnZ&,&fugk¡ gekjk lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk] fgUnksLrk¡ gekjk ge cqycqysa gSa bldh] ;g xqfyLrk¡ gekjk &eq g Een bdcky jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku lkFkZd igy ds vk;ke &dey u;u dkcjk jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku ,d cgqr vkd"kZd idM+okyh vkSj okaNuh; euksHkkouk gSA larfq "V vkSj ifjiw.kZrk dks xgjkbZ vkSj O;kidrk nsus esa LokfHkeku dk cM+k gkFk gksrk gSA ,d ns'k ;k lekt ds yksx dbZ Bksl vkSj vewr]Z dbZ utnhdh vkSj lqnjw fj'rksa esa ca/ks jgrs gSAa gekjk okrkoj.k] i;kZoj.k] ty] i`Foh] gok] vkleku] ekSle dk Øe lk>k vkSj leku gksrk gSA blls gesa lk>s uQs&uqdlku gksrs gSAa lc Bksl izkd`frd fj'rs gSAa ge fey&tqy dj viuh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrs gSAa gekjh gtkjks& a gtkj t:jrksa dh lUrqf"V vius vU; HkkbZ&cguksa ds iz;klksa vkSj R;kx] dq'kyrk vkSj yxu rFkk cgqr rjg ds ;ksxnku ds fcuk laHko ugha gSA xqtjkr&jktLFkku ls ued] vle ls pk;] iatkc ls xsg]¡ w fcgkj ls dks;yk&yksgk] rfeyukMq ls rjg&rjg ds oL=] iq.ks ls Hkhelsu tks'kh dk xk;u] eqEcbZ gkbZ ls isVkª y s vkfn vUrghu mnkgj.k gSa gekjh vkilh fuHkZjrk dsA ;s Bksl vk/kkj gSa gekjs jk"Vªh; tqMk+ o dsA blh rjg vewrZ Lrj dk dkO;] lkfgR;] dyk] foKku] fopkj] jpukRed ltZuk rFkk fo'ys"k.k rFkk xos"k.k vk/kkfjr xgu fpUru ls mHkjs izrhd] fcEc] vkd`fr;k¡] ewfrZ;k¡ vkSj bu lcls vkg~Ykkfnr&izQfq Yyr& O;fFkr vkSj fpafrr gksus rFkk vkxr ds lkeus jkLrs [kkstus ds iz;kl gekjs vewrZ vkilh tqMk+ o ds mnkgj.k gSAa bu lc esa dsoy vkt ds fj'rs] tqMk+ o] vkilh [kV~V& s ehBs] gYds&Qqyds&etcwr vuqHko vkSj vko';drk,¡ ek= gh gekjs lkewfgd] vkilnkjh Hkjs ljksdkj ugha gSaA vrhr dh ;kns]a foxr dh fojklr] bfrgkl dh lh[ksa vkSj bu lc ij dqN ukt] dqN 'keZ] dqN [kq'kh] dqN x+e gesa ,d lk>h igpku nsrs gSAa ,d vkUrfjd thou gksrk gS ge lc dkA viuh furkar futrk] viuk xgu vO;Dr vUrjeuA ijUrq bl vH;arj esa Hkh] ekul dh xgjh] [kaxkyh&fcu [kaxkyh ijrksa esa Hkh vius iwjs ifjos'k dk iwot Z kas dk HkkSfrd okrkoj.k dk] vkfRed vuqHkwfr;ksa dk] vk/;kfRed #>kuksa dk xgjk vlj gksrk gSA D;ksfa d fr#oYyqoj ;k ehjk] dchj ;k ujlh esgrk] rqylhnkl ;k paMhnkl] dYg.k ;k Kkus'oj] gekjh ntZuksa jke dFkk,¡ vkfn esa gekjs laLdkj] O;ogkj vkSj vkn'kZ] gekjs 'kk'or vkSj ifjorZuh; ewY;ksa esa xgjs ?kj fd, cSBs gSAa lqnjw iwoZ vle ds Hkwius gtkfjdk if'peh Fkkj jsfxLrku dh Loj ygfj;ksa esa #nkyh dk nnZ mM+y s nsrs gSAa gekjs xk¡o&xk¡o rFkk gj ou&izkra j esa pkSiky ;k lHkk&eaMi esa yksd&dFkkvks]a xhrksa vkSj u`R;ks& a Lok¡xksa es]a eafnjksa ds ?k.Vs vkSj 'ka[k&fuukn esa gekjs vfLrRo dh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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foxr&vkxr vkSj vkt dh /ofu;k¡] n`'; vkSj vUrjeu ds vjeku xwt ¡ rs jgrs gSAa cqYys'kkg vkSj lwfQ;ksa dk izes njxkgksa dh dOokfy;ksa ds lkFk >we mBrk gS] vkf'kdksa dh egfQyksa esa jax Hkjrs gq,A fcuk fdlh ds fl[kk,] fcuk fdlh O;ofLFkr f'k{k.k&izf'k{k.k ds gekjh lk>h fojklr ls lac/a k lksp vkSj ljksdkj pkgs gekjh vkt dh ifjfLFkfr dSlh Hkh gks gesa vkil esa ck¡/ks jgrs gSAa gekjs jDr izokg esa ;s lc LokfHkeku ds drjs ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa Bhd mlh rjg tSls gj fdlh lekt ;k jk"Vª esa ge yM+r& s >xM+rs Hkh gSAa lk>s vkSj vkilnkjh dks Hkwy viuh&viuh <iyh vkSj viuh viuh jkx ij vk tkrs gSAa viuksa dks Hkh dbZ /kM+k]as Jsf.k;ks]a nwfj;ks]a utnhfd;ksa ds Øeksa esa ck¡V ysrs gSAa {kqnz futrk Hkh dHkh&dHkkj O;kid futrk ij gkoh gks tkrh gSA mnkŸk ewY; izfs jr O;ogkj dh txg mxzrk vkSj mnkŸk ls is'k vkus yxrs gSAa viuksa ds xys dh Nqjh] viuksa ds }kjk viuksa ds isV ij ykr ekjuk] viuh futrk&LokFkkZU/krk ds eksgik'k esa Hkzfer gks viuksa ds izfr nqjko] ?k`.kk] vkSj fgalk dk rkaMo gesa viuh ladfq pr vklfDr;ksa ds ?ksjs esa ck¡/k dj/oLr dj nsrs gSAa viuksa ls foyxko vkSj viuksa dh vyx&vyx /kM+cs kth] ,dtqVrk ds LFkku ij xgjh dVqrk( gekjs ldkjkRed] ltZukRed] lksnn~ 's ;] lrr lkewfgd drZO;ijk;.krk dks frjksfgr djrs fopkj] O;ogkj fojklr vkSj Hkkoh ds liuksa dks vekol dh jkr lk va/kdkje; Hkh dj nsrs gSAa fdrus gh {kf.kd] lhfer vkSj dqiHz kko ds Jki ls xzLr ck¡Vus okys] foHksfnr&foPNsfnr&fookfnr djrs O;ogkj gekjs nqX/k&/koy uSlfxZd nkeu ij yxs dkys fxjrs&fcxM+rs #ykrs NhaVs ;k /kCcs gSAa gj fdlh jk"Vª] lekt ;k izn's k dh rjg ge Hkh ,d vksj vkleku lh fuLlherk dks viukus dks izoŸ` k gksrs gS]a rks nwljh vksj viuksa ls vius dks dkV dj ,d i`Fkdrk ds] viuh fof'k"Vrk ds vkRexqeku ds lkxj esa xksrs yxkus yxrs gSAa tc ge vius] jk"Vªh; ;k lkekftd LokfHkeku dh ckr djrs gS]a mlds ewr& Z vewrZ vk/kkjksa dks VVksyrs gSa rks ge vusd ijLij&fojks/kh izof` Ÿk;ks]a izjs .kkvks]a /kkj.kkvksa vkSj vUrjeu dh psru&vpsru o`fŸk;ksa ds Hk¡oj esa Q¡l tkrs gSAa gesa ukt gksuk pkfg, fd ge ukt dj ldrs gSAa ijUrq ;g ukt] ;g xqeku] ;g viuh igpku dh ijrksa dks [kksy dj xnxn gksus dh lgt izfrfØ;k Lo;a viuk fo'ys"k.k ek¡xrh gSA vkRe&fo'ys"k.k] lk>k&lkewfgd] viuh lhek ls Åij mBdj iwjh rjg bZekunkj fo'ys"k.kA dgk¡ gS viuksa dh lhek&js[kk\ fdl vk/kkj ij fcuk ,sls ris&rik;s] lPps vkRe&cks/k fcuk vkRefHkeku dc vkRe'yk/ kk esa cny dj gekjh ekuork ij xzg.k dk lk;k Mkys jgsxk 'kk;n gesa irk Hkh ugha yx ik,A ,slh fLFkfr esa gesa niZ.k ds lkeus [kM+s djus okys] vUrjeu dh rgksa rd igqp ¡ kus okyksa dh txg dc dqfRlr LokFkkZU/krk] vkRe&izop a uk] vius jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dks Js"B vkSj Js"Bre ?kksf"kr djus ds ¼lkfcr djus ds ugha½ mrkoysiu dks ckoysiu dh gn rd ys tkus okys ys tk ik,¡xs dg lduk eqf'dy gSA ckgjh HkkSfrd txr eas ;g lkewfgd LokfHkeku dgk tkus okyk niZ D;k viuksa dk gd Nhudj viuh vV~Vkfydk,¡ [kM+h djus ls vkgr ugha gksrk gSA D;k ;g LokfHkeku gS Hkh\ bls vius dkS'ky dk deku ekudj] vius lkSHkkX; dk izlkn ekkudj vius gh yksxksa dks vius vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr djds HkkSfrd lq[k lk/ku dh Å¡ph miyfC/k dks ge jk"Vªh; Fkkrh ;k jk"Vª xkSjo dk izrhd eku cSBrs gSAa fo'o ds oafprks& a misf{krks& a 'kksf"krksa dh lcls cM+h rknkn ds lkFk pan Hkkjrh;ksa dk uke fo'o esa lcls cM+s [kjcifr;ksa esa ns[k gekjk fny ckx&ckx gks mBrk gSA djksMk+ & as djksMk+ as dks Kku&nhi ls oafpr djds pUn egkuqHkkoksa dks Kku&xfjek] izfr"Bk ds 'kh"kZ ij p<+k ns[k dj D;k ekuoh; jk"Vªh; Lrj ij Kkukyksd izdkf'kr gks ikrk gSA ns'k ds vf/kdka'k yksx vf'k{kk ds va/kdkj esa gksa ij ,d nks ukscy iqjLdkj ikdj ge vius dks ckSf)d Lrj dk vxz.kh eku cSBrs gSa vkSj ml ij t'u eukrs gSAa lR; vkSj lq/kkj dh dqN Qqyokfj;k¡ tu&tu ds vk¡xu esa f'ko dh lqx/a k ugha QSyk ik;s rks Hkh D;k ge LokfHkeku ds lkSUn;Z cks/k ls Qwyrs jgsx a \s ;fn LokfHkeku iwjh O;fDroknh futrkiw.kZ vge dk i;kZ; ugha gS vkSj jk"Vªh; ;k lkekftd LokfHkeku gS rks ^Lo* dh O;kidrk igpkuuh vkSj Lohdkjuh gksxhA ml ij Lo.kZ vkSj jRukHkw"k.kksa }kjk tM+h csfM+;k¡ rksMu+ h gksxa hA D;k ;g ^Lo* dqN drZO; ikyu vkSj O;ogkj }kjk r; gksxkA ;k dqN vifjorZuh; fLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij gesa ck¡Vus dk tfj;k cusxk\ vkRefuank ;k vkReHkRlZuk fdlh vfiz;] vokaNuh;] vJs;Ldj fLFkfr ls gesa futkr ugha fnyk ldrhA ,dkaxh LokfHkeku] lR; ds dBksj ;k fueZe :i ls lk{kkRdkj djus ls cpuk ;k bu lc ij inkZ Mkydj] buls vk¡[k ew¡ndj] vius dks /kks[kk nsus okys ^LokfHkeku* esa Q¡lkuk [krjukd&gkfudkjd izof` r gSA blh rjg xans ukys ds baLisDVj dh Hkk¡fr dsoy xanxh dk eqvk;uk vkSj mldh uqekb'k Hkh fujk'kk] dqBa k vkSj vdeZ.;rk iSnk djrs gSAa lE;d~ fopkj vkSj foosdiw.kZ fo'ys"k.k rFkk lksnn~ 's ;] lnk'k;rkiw.kZ lrr~ dk;Zjr gksus dk vfHkeku vkSj drZO; dks Bksl vk/kkj ns ldrs gSAa ijUrq LokfHkeku dks le>us] Lohdkjus esa udkjkRedrk vkSj vU;ksa dk fujknj fpark ds fo"k; gSAa viuksa vkSj vU;ksa dk foyxkooknh iz[kj fojks/k vkSj muls ?k`.kk ds vk/kkj ij ykecanh vkSj viuh ,drjQk] vokLrfod igpku dh vfrjatr vgeU;rk iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr dh D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS\ ;fn dksbZ vU; gesa izrkfM+r vkSj viekfur djrk gS] gesa 'kksf"kr cukrk gS] gekjs ewY;ks]a ekU;rkvksa vkSj fgrksa dks {kqn]z rqPN vkSj ?k`.kk dk ik= cukrk gS ¼vFkok lh/ks 'kCnksa es]a Bksl vkSj vewrZ nksuksa Lrjksa ij gekjs fgrksa dks gkfu igqp ¡ krk gS½ rks fu'p; gh gekjk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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LokfHkeku] gekjh vfLerk vkSj gekjh lkekftd&jk"Vªh; /kjksgj gesa iwjk vf/kdkj gh ugha nsrh gS fd ge mu rkdrks& a izo`fr;ks]a O;fDr;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ds f[kykQ ,dtqV gksdj la?k"kZ djs]a cfYd ;g gekjk drZO; Hkh gks tkrk gSA ns'k ds ^vius yksx gSa vFkok ijnslh] ,sls lHkh yksxksa vkSj rkdrksa ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ LokfHkeku dh i{k/kj yM+kbZ gSA blfy, ns'k ds Hkhrj Lons'kh] Lons'kh vfLerk vkSj viuh lkaLd`frd] ltZukRedrk ij geyksa ds f[kykQ LoSfPNd lkezkT;okn dh th gqtjw h vilaLd`fr ds fo#) yM+kbZ jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku dh tax gSA fo'oO;kih vejhdh] th&lkr ns'kksa ds 'kh"kZLFk LokFkZ izfs jr vkdkvksa rFkk MCyw-Vh-vks- vkfn }kjk gekjs lkekftd] jk"Vªh; fodkl dks vo#) vkSj iFkHkz"V djus ds iz;klksa ds fo#) la?k"kZ jk"Vªh; fgrksa vkSj LokfHkeku dh yM+kbZ gSA ns'k ds ukxfjdksa dks fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij ck¡V dj muds lao/S kkfud vf/kdkjksa ij geyk jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku ij geyk gSA yksdrkaf=d izfØ;kvksa ds urhtksa ds f[kykQ dkuwu dk jkLrk NksMd + j lM+dksa ij vkuk] ns'k dh lsok esa tqVus ds vf/kdkj esa ck/kk Mkydj jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku dks ?k`.kk vkSj fQjdkijLrh ds L;kg jax esa Mqcksuk gSA vius vki dks ckdh ukxfjdksa ls Js"B ekudj mudh ns'kHkfDr vkSj bZekunkjh ij loky vkSj coky [kM+k djuk jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku dk ladh.kZ LokFkksZa ds fy, nq#i;ksx gSA jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku esa lcdh cjkcj] vf/kdkjiw.kZ] Lo;afl) fodklksUeq[k fgLlsnkjh gksrh gSA tUe ds LFkku dh O;fDrxr Lrj ij p;u dh laHkkouk ls ijs dh ?kVuk ds vk/ kkj ij LoSfPNd] Lofoosd }kjk p;fur] deZHkwfe vkSj v[kaM izfrc)rk ds vk/ kkj ij viukbZ xbZ jk"Vªh;rk ij iz'u mBkuk ,d {kqnz czkã.koknh izo`fŸk vkSj ekufldrk dk mnkgj.k gSA blh ekufldrk dks okLrfod ^euqoknh* ekufldrk dgk tk ldrk gS] c'krsZ ;g ek= fn[kkoVh ugha jg tk,A lkekftd U;k; vkSj lejlrk dk gj fl)kar ;g ekurk gS fd lkekftd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd fLFkfr] [krjksa vkSj vf/kdkj vkfn dks tUe dh ekuoh; vf/kdkj ijs dh vifjorZuh; ?kVuk ds vk/kkj ij r; djuk vuqfpr gS vkSj U;k; rFkk fof/k&fo#) gSA tks U;k;] fof/k vkSj vkSfpR;foghu gS] mlesa LokfHkeku dh xa/k rd ugha gks ldrhA ns'k esa tuekul dh Lo;aHkw uqekbanxh 'ks"k ukxfjdksa ds vf/kdkjksa ij dqBkjk?kkr gSA vr% og fuanuh; gSA gekjs jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku dh cfx;k ls ,slh [kjirokj dh lQkbZ ,d yEch ln~op S kfjd vkSj ln~O;ogkfjd ltxrk] deZBrk vkSj viuRo dh Hkkouk }kjk gh gks ldrh gSA vius Hkwy& s HkVds georu yksxksa ls ,d lkSgknZi.w kZ laokn LFkkfir djds rFkk ?k`.kk ls gVdj gh ge lPps LokfHkeku dh tM+kas dks xgjk] mldh 'khry Nk;k dks loZfgrdkjh vkSj jk"Vª ds vaR;ksn; vfHk;ku ds fy, ÅtkZ dk lzkrs cuk ldrs gSAa jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jktnzksg] bZ'k fuank vkSj eSdkFkhZokn &jke'kj.k tks' kh

^^lR; dh fod`fr gS] mfpr dkjZokbZ dh frykatfyA egk>wB dk iz;ksx] vejhdh okn ;k vejhdh lqj{kk ds uke ij fdlh Hkh ukxfjd ij fujk/kkj vkjksi tM+ukA >wB ij iyus okys yksxksa dh cktk: yhMjksa dh 'kfDr dk mHkkj gSA lekt ds izR;sd {ks= esa vkLFkk dks u"V djuk vkSj Hk; iSnk djuk gSA** &gSjh VªweSu] vejhdh jk"Vªifr la?k dk rktk 'ka[kukn gS ^^jk"Vªokn vkSj ns'knzkgs A** bldh xxuphj xwt ¡ Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds v/;{k vfer 'kkg ds 19 ekpZ ds mokp esa lqukbZ nsrh gSA ikVhZ dh xn~nh ij nwljh ckj fufoZjks/k fojkteku gksus ds i'pkr mUgksaus xtZukRed psrkouh esa dgk] ^^Hkktik ikVhZ] fdlh O;fDr ;k ljdkj dh vkykspuk dk Lokxr djrh gS] ysfdu ge ns'k dh vkykspuk cnkZ'r ugha djsaxsA ;g iwjh rjg ls vLohdk;Z gSA** oSls la?k lqizheks eksgu Hkkxor vkSj muds lefiZr dk;ZdrkZ Hkh ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;] jk"Vªokn vkSj ns'knzksg* ds 'kCn ns'k ds lkekftd&lkaLd`frd&jktuSfrd xxu esa vkradh rtZ esa oDr&csoDr mNkyrs jgrs gSaA ysfdu] Hkkjrh; jkT; dh loksZPp lRrk ds lqizheks ujsUnz eksnh dh ekStnw xh esa xqtjkrh egktuh lH;rk ds vk/kqfud 'kfDr'kkyh izfrfuf/k vfer 'kkg ds bl mn~?kks"k us la?k dh iqjkuh xtZuk esa u, izk.k Qw¡d fn, gSa D;ksafd bl nkSj esa ns'k esa ,d ubZ ^f=ewfrZ* dk tUe gqvk gSA bl f=ewfrZ esa jktlŸkk] jktuSfrd laxBu ¼Hkktik½ vkSj tUenk=h jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k ¼vkj,l,l½ dk jktuSfrd pkrq;Z ds lkFk lekxe gks jgk gSA blhfy, eksnh ljdkj ds ofj"B&dfu"B ea=h la?k izeq[k Hkkxor dks le;&le; ij vius dk;Z dh fjiksVZ ls voxr djkrs jgrs gSaA blls Lor% Li"V gS fd ^fjeksV daVªky s * fdlds ikl gSA pwafd] ebZ 2014 ls ns'k dh jktuhfr esa vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu gqvk gS vkSj igyh ckj ^dslfj;k 'kfDr laLFkku* vius cycwrs ij Hkkjrh; jkT; dh dsanzh; lŸkk ij LFkkfir gqvk gS] vkSj og Hkh laoS/kkfud izfØ;k lsA blfy, f=ewfrZ ds :i esa ;fn la?k dk uohure vorkj jktuhfr dh ubZ Hkk"kk] eqgkojs] fcac] izrhd] miek ;k jk"Vªokn o ns'knzksg dk rktkrjhu ^vk[;ku* izLrqr dj jgk gS rks ns'k ds cgqyrkoknh] mnkjoknh] yksdra=oknh] /keZfujis{krkoknh vkSj vk/kqfudrkokfn;ksa jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dks bl ij gSjr ugha gksuh pkfg, cfYd bl vk[;ku vkSj blesa Nqis mik[;kuksa dh iM+rky t:j djuh pkfg,A Hkktik dh nks fnolh; dk;Z lfefr dh cSBd dh lekfIr ¼20 ekpZ] 16½ ds jkst foŸkea=h o eksnh ds Hkjkslsena j.kuhfrK v#.k tsVyh us ?kks"k.kk gh dj nh gS fd Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ugha cksyus dk vFkZ gS lafo/kku dk vuknj djukA dksbZ gSjr ugha gksxh fd Hkfo"; esa fdlh jkst Hkktik ds bl fopkj dks veyh :i nsus ds fy, lafo/kku esa la'kks/ku dh dksf'k'k dh tk,! rc Hkkjrh; jkT; dks ^fganw jk"Vª* ?kksf"kr djus dh [kkSQukd vk'kadk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS % igys tuer dk vuqdwyu 'kq: gksxk( euksoSKkfud vkØe.k fd;k tk,xk( fQj lh/kh jktuSfrd dkjZokbZ gksxhA 'kk;n bldh tehu rS;kj dh tk jgh gS! ;|fi jk"Vªokn] jk"Vªfojks/kh] ns'knzkgs ] jk"Vªnzkgs ] tSls 'kCnksa dks jkT; ds n.M 'kkL=kxkj esa Hkktik 'kklu esa 'kkfey ugha fd, x, gSa] cfYd Lok/khu Hkkjr ds usg: 'kklu dky ls gh ;s cnLrwj ekStwn gSaA 1947 ls ysdj vc rd 15&16 iz/kkuea=h gks pqds gSa] orZeku eksnh ljdkj lesr lkr&lkr xSj dkaxl sz h ljdkjsa dsUnz esa lŸkk:<+ jg pqdh gS]a ysfdu vkSifuosf'kd gqdew r ls lkSxkr esa izkIr bu 'kL=ksa dks u"V djus dh dksf'k'k fdlh us ugha dhA vkt bl ekeys esa Hkktik ljdkj viokn fl) gksxh] ,slk fopkj vkReNykok gksxkA vc dksf'k'k rks ;g gksxh fd bu 'kL=ksa dks igys ls vf/kd /kkjnkj cuk;k tk,] ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* tSls 'kCn dks Hkh bl 'kL=kxkj esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tk,A bl ukjs dks xqaftr u djus ;k bldh mis{kk djus dks Hkh naMuh; vijk/k ;k jk"Vª&ns'knzksg ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tk,A vc rks xksekal ;k chQ] xks gR;k tSls tax [kk, gfFk;kjksa ij u, <ax ls lku p<+kbZ tk jgh gS % nknjh] fprkSjx<+] ykrsgkj tSls LFkkuksa dh ?kVuk,¡ bldh rktk felky gSAa ns'k esa ^chQ vkrad* ;k ^xksekal Hk;* dk ekgkSy iSnk fd;k tk jgk gSA xks gR;k ;k xks fcØh ds uke ij fdlh dh Hkh gR;k dh tk ldrh gS] isM+ ls yVdk;k tk ldrk gS] tsy esa Bw¡lk tk ldrk gS] d'ehjh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nafMr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vc bu dkeksa ds fy, oS/k iqfyl ;k lsuk dh t:jr ugha gS] cfYd lafo/kkusrj Lo;aHkw ns'kHkDrksa o xks HkDrksa dh lsuk bUgsa vatke ns jgh gSA gekjs iM+kslh bLykeh jk"Vª jkT; ikfdLrku dh gkyr Hkh blls vygnk dgk¡ gS\ ogk¡ ns'k nzksg&jk"Vª nzkgs ds lkFk&lkFk ^bZ'k fuank* ¼Cyk'kQseh ,DV½ gSA vYykg] [kqnk] iSxca j eksgEen lkgc] dqjkus ikd ¼/keZ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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xzFa k½ vkfn ds vieku ;k fuank ;k bUgsa fod`r ;k vifo= djus ds uke ij fdlh dks Hkh lwyh ij p<+k;k tk ldrk gS] tsyksa esa o"kksZa rd lM+k;k tk ldrk gSA t:jr iM+us ij vU; izdkj ds naM Hkh fn, tk ldrs gSaA ikfdLrku ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa bl gfFk;kj dk tedj bLrseky gksrk gS] vkSj fu'kkus ij fo'ks"k :i ls vYila[;d o nhxj eqfLye leqnk; ¼f'k;k] vgefn;k] dkfn;kuh vkfn½ jgrs gSaA bls bfrgkl dh =klnh gh dgk tk,xk fd bu nksuksa iM+kslh ns'kksa ¼,d /keZfujis{k o lektoknh gS] nwljk etgch gS½ us bu gfFk;kjksa dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;k gS] cfYd vxLr 1947 esa viuk cksfj;k fcLrj lesVus ls igys lkezkT;oknh&vkSifuosf'kd 'kkldksa us xka/kh o ftUuk ds oS/k mŸkjkf/kdkfj;ksa dks lkSais FksA foMacuk ;g gS fd nksuksa ns'kksa ds 'kkld rcls gh bu gfFk;kjksa dk bLrseky vius gh ukxfjdksa ds fo#) tedj djrs jgrs gS]a vkxs Hkh djrs jgsaxs blds iq[rk vklkj fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa % tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; dk ?kVukpØ] bZlkbZ lekt ds usrk dks e`R;qnM a tSlh ?kVuk,¡ bldh xokgh nsaxh( ns'knzksg vkSj bZ'k fuank ds ekeys esa nksuksa gh ns'k mUuhloha lnh esa /k¡ls gq, gS(a 1860 ds bafM;u iSuy dksM ds gfFk;kj ds rktk ekWMyksa dks viuh&viuh turk ij pedkrs gq, 'kkld oxZ brjk jgs gSa!

Hkkjrh; ifjn` ' ; okLro esa] tc lRrk:<+ oxZ vkSj turk ds chp laoknghurk iSnk gksus yxrh gS] mls viuk tuk/kkj fQlyrk ;k fNurk gqvk izrhr gksrk gS] tufojks/kh uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k tu izfrjks/k QwVus yxrk gS] mldk 'kklu djus dk vkRefo'okl Mxexkus yxrk gS] gqdwer ds bdcky ij xzg.k yx tkrk gs] rc og vkRej{kk esa ,sls ek/;eksa vkSj Hkk"kk dk lgkjk ysrk gS ftudk vk/kkj /keZ&laLd`fr] vkLFkk&Hkkouk vkSj vrkfdZdrk gksrs gSaA og bu ek/;eksa ls tu ds fnyksa dks xqnxqnkrk gqvk muds efLr"d dk vuqdy w u 'kq: dj nsrk gSA vuqdy w u dk f'kdkj gksdj turk vius 'kkld oxZ ds izfr vkykspukRed o foospukRed n`f"V viukus ds LFkku ij vkLFkkoknh n`f"V viukus yxrh gSA og 'kkldksa ds izfr HkkoukRed cu tkrh gSA mlesa leiZ.k ds Hkko txk fn, tkrs gSaA jktk dks bZ'oj dk izfrfuf/k o 'kklu djus ds nSfod vf/kdkj ls vf/kd`r ekuk tkrk FkkA ¼bu fnuksa bDdhloha lnh esa iz/kkuea=h ujsUnz eksnh dks bZ'oj dk vorkj vkSj bZ'oj dh lkSxkr ?kksf"kr fd;k tk jgk gSA blls igys bafnjk xka/kh dks 1972 esa nqxkZ dk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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vorkj vkSj 1975 ds vkikrdky esa ^Hkkjr bafnjk gS] bafnjk Hkkjr gS* ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k x;k Fkk½ lkearh lajpuk dh fufeZfr blh fLFkfr ij fVdh jgrh gS--- ^jktnzkgs * tSls 'kCn dh vkgV ,fytkcsFk ;qx ¼1590½ esa lqukbZ nsrh gS] bl ;qx esa ^Kku izcks/ku* dh nLrdsa lqukbZ nsrh gSaA blls igys iqutkZxj.k gks pqdk FkkA iqutkZxj.k vkSj Kku izcks/ku ds dkj.k tu esa vfLerk cks/k QwVus yxk Fkk D;ksafd fizfa Vax izsl ds vkfo"dkj ds dkj.k u,&u, yksdo`r cuus yxs FksA tkfgj gS jktk vkSj iztk ;k 'kkld o 'kkflrksa ds chp Hkkoukvksa ;k nSfod Hkkoksa ij vk/kkfjr ikjaifjd laca/k /khjs&/khjs foosd o foospuk dh djoVsa ysus yxs FksA ppZ vkSj rkt ds chp ds laca/k rukoiw.kZ curs tk jgs FksA tu izfrjks/k Hkh mHkjus yxs FksA rc 'kkld oxZ ^jktnzksg* ds gfFk;kj dks Hkkatus yxrk FkkA D;ksafd 'kkld ds fy, vius izfrjksf/k;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, t:jh Fkk fd og mUgsa bl <ax ls ?ksjs fd os vke turk dh utjksa esa fxj tk,¡] os nq'eu ds :i esa fpf=r gksaA blfy, jktnzksg dk iz;ksx ppZ ls lacaf/kr iknfj;ksa o vU; /kkfeZdksa] izcq) oxksZ]a NksVs lkearksa] fu/kkZfjr vketuksa ds f[kykQ fd;k x;kA blds ek/;e ls yksxksa esa vkrad QSyk;k x;kA yksdra= dh vkokt dks dqpyus dh dksf'k'ksa dh xbZaA lkezkT;okn ds foLrkj vkSj mifuos'kksa dh vkrafjd lqj{kk esa jktnzksg ds 'kL= dk csyxke iz;ksx fd;k x;kA mifuos'k Hkkjr esa vkbZihlh ,DV 1860 ds rgr jktnzksg dk tUe gksrk gSA ;kn jgs] blls igys Hkkjr esa vusd vkfnoklh fonzksg vkSj ebZ 1857 dk egk Lora=rk laxzke gks pqdk Fkk ftlus laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa izfrjks/k vkSj Lora=rk dh psruk dks tkx`r fd;k FkkA tkfgj gS bl ubZ fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds y, jktnzksg dk 'kL= pkfg, FkkA ;g vpwd 'kL= FkkA ;g tkuuk de fnypLi ugha gksxk fd fczVus ds mifuos'kksa ¼Hkkjr] dukMk] vkWLVªfs y;k] gkaxdkax] eysf'k;k] U;wthySaM] flaxkiqj] Jhyadk vkfn½ esa bl 'kL= ls turk esa tedj Hk;&vkrad iSnk fd;k x;kA vkt Hkh iwoZ vkSifuosf'kd jk"Vª jkT;ksa eas lRrk:<+ oxZ vkRej{kk esa bldk iz;ksx djus esa ladksp ugha djrk gS] ftlesa ikfdLrku Hkh 'kkfey gSA vycRrk LFkkuh; t:jrksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj bl 'kL= ds laLdj.k vyx&vyx t:j gSaA Lok/khu Hkkjr esa mEehn Fkh fd jktnzksg dh O;oLFkk ls eqfDr fey tk,xhA ysfdu xksjksa dh dkuwuh O;oLFkk dks ;Fkkor j[kk x;k vkSj jktnzksg dkuwu 124&, ds rgr izfrjksf/k;ksa dks Qk¡lk tkrk jgkA blh ds rgr dsnkjukFk flag] bafnjk nkl] 'kS;k fla?ky] cyoar flag ls tqMs+ jktnzkgs ds pfpZr eqdnes jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gks pqds gSAa blh lnh esa MkW0 fouk;d lsu] ukjk;.k lkU;ky] ih;w"k xqgk] v#a/kfr jkW;] vleh f=osnh tSlh gfLr;k¡ Hkh bldh pisV esa vk pqdh gSaA ts0,u0;w0 ds dUgS;k] mej [kkfyn lfgr dbZ Nk=ksa dks bldk f'kdkj cuk;k x;k gSA lhrkjke ;spqjh] jkgqy xka/kh] vjfoUn dstjhoky tSls usrkvksa ij Hkh jktnzkgs dh ryokj yVd jgh gS D;ksfa d bUgksua s ts,u;w ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkanksyu dk leFkZu fd;k FkkA lkekU;r% jktnzksg ds varxZr LFkkfir jkT; ;k lŸkk ds f[kykQ fyf[kr ;k ekSf[kd 'kCnksa ls] fofHkUu izrhdksa ls ?k`.kk o vlarks"k iSnk djuk tqeZ gSA ysfdu ns'k dk lqizhe dksVZ vius ,d egRoiw.kZ QSlys esa dg pqdk gS fd ^iSjoh* vkSj ^HkM+dkus* esa QdZ gSA cyoar flag cuke iatkc ljdkj dsl esa bl vkyk vnkyr dk QSlyk Fkk fd tc rd fgald <ax ls HkhM+ ;k yksxksa dks HkM+dk;k ugha tkrk gS rc rd jktnzkgs ugha gksxkA [kkfyLrku vkanksyu ds nkSjku cyoar flag us ukjs yxk, Fks&^[kkfyLrku ftankckn jkt djsxk [kkylk] fganw u iatkc ls dk<+s ds Nk<+saxs] gqu ekSdk vk;k gS jkt dk;e dj.k nkA* gkyk¡fd fupyh vnkyr us cyoar flag dks jktnzksg dk nks"kh ?kksf"kr fd;k Fkk ysfdu vkyk vnkyr us bl vk/kkj ij mls cjh dj fn;k fd dsoy ukjs yxkus ls vkijkf/kd jktnzksg dk ekeyk ugha curk gSA Hkk"kk fdruh gh v#fpdj ;k ?k`.kkLin D;ksa u gks tc rd yksxksa dks fgalk ds fy, HkM+dk;k ugha tk,xk rc rd vkijkf/kd ekeyk ugha curk gSA ;fn 124, dks ;Fkkor ykxw fd;k tkrk gS rks fojks/k] vlgefr ds fy, Lisl gh ugha cpsxkA fons'kh 'kklu ds nkSjku fryd] xka/kh tsls jktusrk Hkh jktnzksg dkuwu ds rgr fxj¶rkj fd, x, FksA xka/kh th us bls ukxfjdksa dh Lora=rk dks dqpyus okyk dkuwu dgk FkkA dkVwZfuLV vlhe f=osnh ds ekeys esa Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn us jktnzksg dkuwu ds rgr fxj¶rkjh dks ^^csodwQh dk dne** crk;k FkkA

ikfdLrku dk eatj /kkfeZd jk"Vª ikfdLrku dk eatj Hkh blls vygnk dgk¡ gS\ bl ns'k esa lSU; rkuk'kkgh] o<sjk futke ¼tehankj ;k lkearh O;oLFkk½ vkSj etgch lŸkk ¼lqUuh½ dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, ^bZ'k fuank dkuwu* dk Hkjiwj bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA 1860 ds dq[;kr vkbZihlh ,DV dh dks[k ls gh bZ'k fuank dkuwu dk tUe gqvk gSA ik¡posa n'kd ds tujy eksgEen v¸;wc [kk¡ ¼1958&69½ ls ysdj vkt rd ;g dkuwu ikfdLrku ds lSU;&ukxfjd& /kkfeZd&lkearh&btkjsnkj 'kkld oxZ dk vpwd gfFk;kj cuk gqvk gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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1987 esa QkSth rkuk'kkg ft;kmy gd us bl dkuwu dk tedj bLykehdj.k fd;k vkSj vkt ;g ikfdLrku iSuy dksM ds 295 ds ,ch o lh dk vfHkUu fgLlk gSA vHkh rd 702 vYila[;dksa ¼bZlkbZ] fgan]w fl[k vkfn½ ds f[kykQ bldk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd 2011 esa la?kh; ljdkj ds vYila[;d ea=h 'kkguokt HkV~Bh ¼bZlkbZ½ Hkh bldh pisV esa vk pqds gSa D;ksafd mUgksaus bZ'k fuank dkuwu dh vkykspuk dh FkhA blfy, mudh gR;k dj nh xbZA 2011 esa iatkc dk mnkjoknh o yksdrkaf=d jkT;iky lyeku rklhj dks dV~VjiaFkh flikgh us xksyh ls ljsvke Hkwu Mkyk FkkA dqN fnuksa igys gh muds iq= dks rkfyckuksa dh dSn ls NqM+k;k x;k gSA ikfdLrku ihiqYl ikVhZ dh usrk o lkaln 'kSjh jgeku dh /kkfeZd dV~VjiafFk;ksa us blfy, dM+h vkykspuk dh vkSj mUgsa /kefd;k¡ nh xbZa D;ksfa d og bl dkuwu esa la'kks/ku dh ek¡x mBk jgh FkhaA blh dkuwu ds rgr 2006 esa 16 fdrkcsa] 12 lkIrkfgd] 9 ekfld vkSj ,d nSfud ij izfrca/k yxk;k x;kA 2005 esa 133 izdk'ku blds f'kdkj gq,A eq[rlj esa 1984 ls ysdj 2004 rd bZ'k fuank ds 5000 ekeys ntZ gq, ftuesa fganw o bZlkb;ksa ds vykok f'k;k eqfLye] vgefn;k rFkk nwljs yksx 'kkfey gSaA blds lkFk gh 32 yksxksa dks e`R;q naM fn;k x;kA /kkfeZd vnkyrksa us bldk QSlyk fd;kA bls vf/kd dBksj cukus ds fy, le;&le; ij blesa la'kks/ku Hkh fd, x,A ft;k ds tekus esa 1982 esa blesa 295&ch esa la'kks/ku djds bZ'kfuank esa ifo= dqjku dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA bls vifo= djus okys dks vkthou dkjkokl dh ltk nh xbZA /kkfeZd pjeiaFkh fQj Hkh [kq'k ugha gq,A mUgksua s twfMf'k;y CySdesy dk gFkdaMk viuk;kA blesa fQj ls la'kks/ku djds 295 lh ds rgr iSxacj eksgEen ds vieku ds fy, Hkh e`R;qnaM dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA ;g Hkh izko/kku fd;k x;k fd flQZ eqfLye tt gh bu eqdneksa dks lqux s kA 1991 esa vkthou dkjkokl ds fodYi dks lekIr dj e`R;qnaM dks vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;kA tujy ft;k us jktuhfr vkSj 'kklu iz.kkyh dk rsth ls bLykehdj.k fd;kA blds lkFk gh vYila[;dksa ds fo#) Hkkouk HkM+dus yxh] ftgkn ds izpkj us tksj idM+k] xSj&lqUuh leqnk; fojks/kh izpkj lkfgR; dk foLQksV gqvkA ikfdLrku ds lekt 'kkfL=;ksa vkSj bZ'k fuank dkuwu ds vkykspdksa ds er esa cgqla[;d lqUuh leqnk; dh vk¡[kksa esa xSj&lqfUu;ksa dh vkfFkZd mUufr [kVdus yxh D;ksfa d QSlykckn] xqtjkokyk] Vksck Vsd flag] >kax] fl;kydksV] ljxks/kk tSls bykdksa esa vYila[;dksa dk uo le`) oxZ mHkjus jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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yxk FkkA iatkc o fla/k esa [ksfrgj Jfedksa dh lkekftd o vkfFkZd xfr'khyrk c<+us yxh FkhA blfy, vius mHkjrs izfr}afn;ksa dk dn NksVk j[kus ds fy, bl dq[;kr dkuwu dk fgalkRed iz;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj vkt Hkh ;gh gks jgk gSA ikfdLrku ds cqf)thoh vdcj ,l- vgen ds er esa bl dkuwu dk bLrseky Hkwfe fooknksa vkSj jktuSfrd fojksf/k;ksa dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA ns'k ds foosd'khy rcdksa dk ekuuk gS fd bl dkuwu ds tfj, xSj lqfUu;ksa dks yxkrkj Hk; o vkrad ds ekgkSy esa j[kk tkrk gS vkSj flQZ ,d gh leqnk; ¼lqUuh½ dh opZLork dks etcwr cuk;k tkrk gSA vkt Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa Hkh bl izdkj dh raxfnyh iSnk gks jgh gSA tgk¡ vYila[;dksa ds bnZ&fxnZ Hk; o vkrad dk ckM+k gS] ogha xSj&fgUnqRooknh fganqvksa esa Hkh Hk; iSnk gksus yxk gSA la?k dh lafo/kkusrj lsuk,¡ ¼ctjax ny] fo'o fganw ifj"kn] fganw j{kkokfguh] vf[ky Hkkjrh; fo|kFkhZ ifj"kn vkfn½ dc&dgk¡ fdl ij /kkok cksy nsa] dkSu fo'okliwoZd dg ldrk gS\ ikfdLrku ds rkfycku Hkh ;gh djrs gSaA ns'k dh flfoy lkslkbVh dks vkrafdr j[kuk Hkh budk edln gSA ifV;kyk dksVZ esa ftl <ax ls iqfyl dh mifLFkfr esa dUgS;k ij geyk gqvk] mldh fiVkbZ dh xbZ] D;k blls ukxfjdksa esa Hk; iSnk ugha gksxk\ D;k la?k ifjokj gh jk"Vªoknh o ns'kHkDr gS]a nwljs ugha gSa\ D;k fganw jgus ds fy, fganqRooknh gksuk ;k la?k eaMyh dk lnL; gksuk vfuok;Z gS\ D;k vYykg o jlwy ij rkfyckuksa dk ,dkf/kdkj gS\ bl rjg ds loky gj lH;lekt esa mBsaxs ghA

eSd kFkhZ okn dk iz ; ksx chrh lnh ds ik¡posa n'kd esa tc vejhdk tSls vR;ar fodflr o iw¡thoknh ns'k esa mnkjiafFk;ksa] izxfr'khyksa] okeiafFk;ksa ds fo#) eSdkFkhZokn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk rc Hkh jkT; o yksdra= dh lkFkZdrk dks ysdj cqfu;knh loky mBk, x, FksA nwljs fo'o;q) dh lekfIr vkSj 'khr ;q) dh 'kq:vkr dh i`"BHkwfe esa fjifCydu ikVhZ ds lhusVj tkslQ eSdkFkhZ us vejhdh turk dks ^^nwljk yky [krjk** dk Hk; fn[kk;kA izpkfjr fd;k x;k fd vejhdhiu o vejhdh ladV esa gSA lksfo;r la?k vkSj lkE;okn dk [krjk vejhdh jk"Vª ij eaMjk jgk gSA blfy, lkE;okfn;ksa vkSj muds gennksZa ds f[kykQ vejhdh turk dks laxfBr gksuk pkfg,A bu ^yky rRoksa* dks dqpy nsuk pkfg,A vkbZtu vksoj dk 'kklu dky FkkA ns'k esa ekSdkFkhZokn dh xje gok,¡ pyus yxha( gtkjksa lkE;okfn;ksa vkSj muds jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gennksZa dh fxj¶rkfj;k¡ gqbZa( gtkjksa yksx csjkstxkj gq,( gkWyhoqM dh dkyh lwph esa ukeh&fxjkeh vfHkusrk] ys[kd] laxhrdkj] ekWMy] vkSj nwljs fQYe dfeZ;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA bUgsa fQYeksa ls ckgj dj fn;k x;kA eSdkFkhZokn ds f'kdkj gq, yksxksa esa pkyhZ pSifyu] oSKkfud vYcVZ vkbZLa Vkbu] ys[kd gkWoMZ QkLV] czs[r] FkkWel eku] oSKkfud ts- jkscVZ vksius gksej] cst a kfeu fdu] ,fYyu fxLcxZ] vkFkZj feyu] ikWy Lohth ¼eaFkyh fjO;w ds laLFkkid laiknd½] bjfo'k 'kkW] ywlh ckWy tSlh vusd gfLr;k¡ 'kkfey gSaA buesa dbZ rks ukscy yksjv s V gSaA eSdkFkhZokn ds rgr yksxksa dh rkcM+rksM+ fxj¶rkfj;k¡ gksrha] iq[rk lcwrksa o xokgksa dh vkSipkfjdrkvksa rd dks rkd ij j[kk tkrkA Jfed ;wfu;u dfeZ;ksa o usrkvksa dks tsyksa esa Mkyk x;kA eux<+ar vkjksi yxk,¡ x,A >wBh xokfg;ksa ds vk/kkj ij yksxksa dks 3 ls 5 o"kZ dh ltk,¡ lqukbZ xbZAa 1954 esa lkE;oknh fu;a=.k dkuwu cuk;k x;kA lkE;okfn;ksa dks vf/kdkjksa] lqfo/kkvksa ls oafpr fd;k x;kA nh U;w;kWdZ iksLV us bl nkSj dks ^jk{klhiu* ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k FkkA 1940 ds fLeFk ,DV ;k ,fy;u jftLVªs'ku ,DV dk [kqydj iz;ksx gqvkA 1944 esa ^cM+k jktnzksg eqdnek* esa ntZuksa yksxksa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ gqbZA 1949 esa ns'k ds 11 izeq[k lkE;okfn;ksa dks tsykssa esa Bw¡lk x;kA oSls 1949&57 ds nkSjku 140 lkE;oknh usrkvksa ij jktnzksg ds ekeys Fkksis x, Fks----A bruk gh ugha] lkrosa n'kd esa vejhdk ds fo;ruke ;q) fojksf/k;ksa dks Hkh jk"Vª ds fy, [krjk crk;k x;kA mUgsa nafMr fd;k x;kA dqN dks jktnzksg ds varxZr ltk,¡ nh xbZaA eSdkFkhZokn ds coaMj dks ns[kdj vejhdk ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr gSjh ,l- Vªew Su ¼1945&53½ dh izfrfØ;k Fkh fd orZeku iz'kklu us vius jktuSfrd ykHk ds fy, eSdkFkhZokn dk lai.w kZ :i ls oj.k dj fy;k gSA Hkkjr dk ekStwnk lRrk:<+ 'kkld oxZ tkurk gS fd mldh jktuSfrd vkfFkZdh visf{kr :i ls ifj.kkeewyd fl) ugha gks jgh gSA fnYyh vkSj fcgkj ds pquko ifj.kkeksa us iz/kkuea=h dh ^Mseksxksxh* dks Hkh [kks[kyk lkfcr dj fn;k gSA vkt deaMy vkanksyu dks Hkh iquthZfor ugha fd;k tk ldrk D;ksafd jke tUe Hkwfe vkLFkk dks Hkh le; ls igys vkSj t:jr ls T;knk fupkSM+k tk pqdk gSA ubZ jktuSfrd vkfFkZdh esa ;g fQV Hkh ugha cSBrk gSA vc u, foe'kZ dsanz esa vk pqds gSaA vkxkeh fo/kkulHkk pqukoksa ¼vle] caxky] dsjy] rfeyukMq] ikafMpsjh½ esa Hkh Hkktik dks dgha lQyrk fey ldsxh] dgha og ljdkj cuk ldsxh] blesa xgjk lansg gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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vle esa t:j mls vk'kk dh /kq¡/kyh fdj.k fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA blds ckn iatkc ds pquko Hkh mls fujk'k gh djsx a As gfj;k.kk esa mldh ljdkj vkj{k.k ds Hk¡oj esa Q¡l xbZ gSA vYila[;dksa dks yqHkkus ds fy, og ukuk izdkj ds miØe dj jgh gS ftlesa rktk lwQh lEesyu 'kkfey gSA dkWjiksjsV vkdk Hkh fny[kksy dj fu;kstu ls drjk jgs gSaA eg¡xkbZ ?kV ugha jgh gS ysfdu foMacuk gSa fd eqnzkLQhfr ij [kkeks'kh NkbZ gqbZ gSA rc HkkoukRed eqn~nksa dks mNkyuk ,d ek= fodYi cprk gSA bl rjg ds fodYiksa dh ifj.kfr laHkkfor Qklhokn&ukthokn esa gksrh gSA yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkj /khjs&/khjs foyqIr gksus yxrs gSaA flfoy lkslkbVh dk Lisl fldqM+us yxrk gSA cqf)thfo;ksa dh ^fop gafVax* 'kq: gks tkrh gSA va/k ;k mxz jk"Vªokn vkSj ;q)ksUekn dk okrkoj.k cuus yxrk gSA Hkk"kk dh tknwxjh blesa cstksM+ jksy djrh gSA u,&u, feFkdh; ik=ksa] uk;d&ukf;dkvksa] :idksa dks yksdo`Ÿk esa LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA 'kkld oxZ ds f'k[kj usrk esa ^fnO;rk* iSnk dh tkrh gSA ,d izdkj ls ^lqij eSu* ds :i esa mls is'k fd;k tkrk gSA turk dh mipsruk esa og ^Mseh xkWM* dk vkdj ysus yxrk gSA vkt ns'k esa dqN oSlh fLFkfr iSnk djus dk izkt s Ds V py jgk gS( ns'k nzkgs &bZ'k fuank&eSdkFkhZokn ds f=ewfrZ vk[;ku ds laHkkoh jax ep dh rS;kfj;k¡ gS!a blls [kcjnkjj jgus dh t:jr gS! lR;eso t;rs-----lR;eso t;rs!

rq>dks ;k rsjs unh'k] fxfj] ou dks ueu d:¡] eSa\ esjs I;kjs ns'k! nsg ;k eu dks ueu d:¡ eSa\ fdldks ueu d:¡ eSa Hkkjr\ fdldks ueu d:¡ eS\a Hkkjr ugha LFkku dk okpd] xq.k fo'ks"k uj dk gS( ,d ns'k dk ugha] 'khy ;g HkweaMy Hkj dk gS( tgk¡ dgha ,drk v[kafMr] tgk¡ izes dk Loj gS( ns'k&ns'k esa ogk¡ [kM+k Hkkjr thfor HkkLdj gS( fuf[ky fo'o dks tUeHkwfe&oanu dks ueu d:¡ eS!a &jke/kkjh flag fnudj jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fo|kFkhZ vkSj jk"Vªlos k &Hkxr flag bl ckr dk cM+k Hkkjh 'kksj lquk tk jgk gS fd i<+us okys ukStoku ¼fo|kFkhZ½ jktuSfrd ;k ikWfyfVdy dkeksa esa fgLlk u ysAa iatkc ljdkj dh jk; fcYdqy gh U;kjh gSA fo|kFkhZ ls dkWyst esa nkf[ky gksus ls igys bl vk'k; dh 'krZ ij gLrk{kj djok, tkrs gSa fd os ikWfyfVdy dkeksa esa fgLlk ugha ysaxsA vkxs gekjk nqHkkZX; fd yksxksa dh vksj ls pquk gqvk euksgj] tks vc f'k{kk&ea=h gS] Ldwy&dkWystksa ds uke ,d ldqZyj ;k ifji= Hkstrk gS fd dksbZ i<+us ;k i<+kus okyk ikWfyfVDl esa fgLlk u ysA dqN fnu gq, tc ykgkSj esa LVwMsaV~l ;wfu;u ;k fo|kFkhZ lHkk dh vksj ls fo|kFkhZ&lIrkg euk;k tk jgk Fkk] ogk¡ Hkh lj vCnqy dkfnj vkSj izksQslj bZ'oj panz uank us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ikWfyfVDl esa fgLlk ugha ysuk pkfg,A iatkc dks jktuSfrd thou esa lcls fiNM+k gqvk dgk tkrk gSA bldk D;k dkj.k gS\ D;k iatkc us cfynku de fd, gSa\ D;k iatkc us eqlhcrsa de >syh gSa\ fQj D;k dkj.k gS fd ge bl eSnku esa lcls ihNs gS\a bldk dkj.k Li"V gS fd gekjs f'k{kk foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh yksx fcYdqy gh cq)w gSaA vkt iatkc dkamfly dh dkjZokbZ i<+dj bl ckr dk vPNh rjg irk pyrk gS fd bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd gekjh f'k{kk fudEeh vkSj fQtwy gksrh gS] vkSj fo|kFkhZ&;qok txr vius ns'k dh ckrksa esa dksbZ fgLlk ugha ysrkA mUgsa bl lac/a k esa dksbZ Hkh Kku ugha gksrkA tc os i<+dj fudyrs gSa rc muesa ls dqN gh vkxs c<+rs gS]a ysfdu os ,slh dPph&dPph ckrsa djrs gSa fd lqudj Lo;a gh vQlksl dj cSB tkus ds flok; dksbZ pkjk ugha gksrkA ftu ukStokuksa dks dy ns'k dh ckxMksj gkFk esa ysuh gS] mUgsa vkt vDy ds va/ks cukus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA blls tks ifj.kke fudysxk og gesa [kqn gh le> ysuk pkfg,A ;g ge ekurs gSa fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk eq[; dke i<+kbZ djuk gS] mUgsa viuk iwjk /;ku ml vksj yxk nsuk pkfg, ysfdu D;k ns'k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk Kku vkSj muds lq/kkj lkspus dh ;ksX;rk iSnk djuk ml f'k{kk esa 'kkfey ugha\ ;fn ugha rks ge ml f'k{kk dks Hkh fudEeh le>rs gSa] tks flQZ DydhZ djus ds fy, gh gkfly dh tk,A ,slh f'k{kk dh t:jr gh D;k gS\ dqN T;knk pkykd vkneh ;g dgrs gS& a ^^dkdk rqe ikWfyfVDl ds vuqlkj i<+ks vkSj lkspks t:j] ysfdu dksbZ O;kogkfjd fgLlk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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u yksA rqe vf/kd ;ksX; gksdj ns'k ds fy, Qk;nsena lkfcr gksaxAs ** ckr cM+h lqanj yxrh gS] ysfdu ge bls Hkh jn~n djrs gSa] D;ksafd ;g Hkh flQZ Åijh ckr gSA bl ckr ls ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ,d fnu fo|kFkhZ ,d iqLrd vihy Vq n ;ax % fizal ØksiksVfdu ¼ukStokuksa ds uke vihy] fizal ØksiksVfdu½ i<+ jgk FkkA ,d izksQslj lkgc dgus yxs] ;g dkSu&lh iqLrd gS\ vkSj ;g rks fdlh caxkyh dk uke tku iM+rk gS! yM+dk cksy iM+k& fizal ØksiksVfdu dk uke cM+k izfl) gSA og vFkZ'kkL= ds fo}ku FksA bl uke ls ifjfpr gksuk izR;sd izkQ s slj ds fy, cM+k t:jh FkkA izksQslj dh ^;ksX;rk* ij yM+dk g¡l Hkh iM+k vkSj mlus fQj dgk&;s :lh lTtu FksA cl! ^:lh!* dgj VwV iM+kA izksQslj us dgk fd ^^rqe cksY'ksfod gks] D;ksafd rqe ikWfyfVdy iqLrdsa i<+rs gksA** nsf[k, vki izksQl s j dh ;ksX;rk! vc mu cspkjs fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks muls D;k lh[kuk gS\ ,slh fLFkfr esa os ukStoku D;k lh[k ldrs gSa\ nwljh ckr ;g gS fd O;kogkfjd jktuhfr D;k gksrh gS\ egkRek xka/kh] tokgjyky usg: vkSj lqHkk"k pUnz cksl dk Lokxr djuk vkSj Hkk"k.k lquuk rks gqbZ O;kogkfjd jktuhfr] ij deh'ku ;k okbljk; dk Lokxr djuk D;k gqvk\ D;k og ikWfyfVDl dk nwljk igyw ugha\ ljdkjksa vkSj ns'kksa ds izca/k ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh ckr ikWfyfVDl ds eSnku esa gh fxuh tk,xh] rks fQj ;g Hkh ikWfyfVDl gqbZ fd ugha\ dgk tk,xk fd mlls ljdkj [kq'k gksrh gS vkSj nwljh ls ukjkt\ fQj loky rks ljdkj dh [kq'kh ;k ukjktxh dk gqvkA D;k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks tUers gh [kq'kken dk ikB i<+k;k tkuk pkfg,\ ge rks le>rs gSa fd tc rd fganqLrku esa fons'kh Mkdw 'kklu dj jgs gSa rc rd oQknkjh djus okys oQknkj ugha] cfYd xn~nkj gS]a balku ugha] i'kq gSa] isV ds xqyke gSaA rks ge fdl rjg dgsa fd fo|kFkhZ oQknkjh dk ikB i<+saA lHkh ekurs gSa fd fgUnqLrku dks bl le; ,sls ns'k&lsodksa dh t:jr gS]a tks ru&eu&/ku ns'k ij vfiZr dj nsa vkSj ikxyksa dh rjg lkjh mez ns'k dh vktknh ds fy, U;ksNkoj dj nsaA ysfdu D;k cqM~<ksa esa ,sls vkneh fey ldsaxs\ D;k ifjokj vkSj nqfu;knkjh ds >a>Vksa esa Q¡ls l;kus yksxksa esa ls ,sls yksx fudy ldsaxs\ ;g rks ogh ukStoku fudy ldrs gSa tks fdUgha tatkyksa esa u Q¡ls gksa vkSj tatkyksa esa iM+us ls igys fo|kFkhZ ;k ukStoku rHkh lksp ldrs gSa ;fn mUgksaus dqN O;kogkfjd Kku Hkh gkfly jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fd;k gksA flQZ xf.kr vkSj T;ksxzkQh dh gh ijh{kk ds ipksZa ds fy, ?kksVk u yxk;k gksA D;k baXySaM ds lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk dkWyst NksM+dj teZuh ds f[kykQ yM+us ds fy, fudy iM+uk ikWfyfVDl ugha Fkh\ rc gekjs mins'kd dgk¡ Fks tks muls dgrs & tkvks] tkdj f'k{kk gkfly djksA vkt us'kuy dkWyst] vgenkckn ds tks yM+ds lR;kxzg ds ckjMksyh okyksa dh lgk;rk dj jgs gSa] D;k os ,sls gh ew[kZ jg tk,¡xs\ ns[krs gSa mudh rqyuk esa iatkc dk fo'ofo|ky; fdrus ;ksX; vkneh iSnk djrk gS\ lHkh ns'kksa dks vktkn djokus okys ogk¡ ds fo|kFkhZ vkSj ukStoku gh gqvk djrs gSaA D;k fganqLrku ds ukStoku vyx&vyx jgdj viuk vkSj vius ns'k dk vfLrRo cpk ik,¡x\s ukStoku 1919 esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij fd, x, vR;kpkj Hkwy ugha ldrsA os ;g Hkh le>rs gSa fd mUgsa Økafr dh t:jr gSA os i<+Asa t:j i<+sa! lkFk gh ikfyfVDl dk Hkh Kku gkfly djsa vkSj tc t:jr gks rks eSnku esa dwn iM+as vkSj vius thou dks blh dke eas yxk nsAa vius izk.kksa dks blh esa mRlxZ dj nsaA ojuk cpus dk dksbZ mik; utj ugha vkrkA

^28 tqykbZ 1928 dks d`fr ds laikndh; fopkjksa esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA

djsaxs vkt lefiZr eu] lR; dks gh] lR; dks gh] lR; dh t; gks] t; gks] t; eksj lR;sj ij eu vkt dfjc leiZ.k t; t; lR;sj t;A djsaxs vkt lefiZr eu lR; dks gh lR; dks gh lR; dh t; gks] t; gks] t;A lR; cw>saxs] iwtsaxs] lR; dk gh [kkstsaxs /kuA lR; dh t; gks] t; gks] t;AA nq%[k esa nguk pkgs iM+s] u gksxh fpark bldh gesa] nSU; esa nguk pkgs iM+s] u feF;k viuk,¡xs ge] n.M gh pkgs lguk iM+s] u feF;k dqN Hkh cksysaxsA lR; dh t; gks] t; gks] t;AA &johUnz ukFk VS x ks j jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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bfrgkl vkSj jk"Vªokn Qjojh ds e/; esa ns'k esa vius [kqys fopkjksa ds fy, tkuh tkus okyh mPp v/;;u dh laLFkk tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa ns'kHkfDr vkSj jk"Vªokn dks ysdj gq, fookn rFkk Nk= usrkvksa dh /kjidM+ ds ckn ts,u;w VhplZ ,lksfl,'ku dh vksj ^jk"Vª dks D;k tkuuk t:jh gS % Hkkjr] jk"Vªh; vkSj jk"Vªokn* ¼^Og~kV n us'ku fj;yh uhM~l Vq uks % bafM;k] n us'kuy ,aM us'kufyTe*½ dks ysdj O;k[;kuksa dh ,d Ük`[a kyk pykbZ xbZA ;g 17 Qjojh ls 17 ekpZ rd pyh] bl O;k[;ku ekyk esa jksfeyk Fkkij] vkSj gjcal eqf[k;k ds vykok rfudk ljdkj] xksiky xq#] vk;'kk fdnobZ] vfj flrkl] t;fr ?kks"k] izHkkr iVuk;d] e`nqyk eq[kthZ] fuosfnrk esuu] edjan ijkatis] ih lk¡bZukFk] vfer lsuxqIr] cnzh ukjk;.k vkfn ns'k ds dbZ tkus&ekus fo}kuksa us Hkkxhnkjh dhA fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj eas pyh bl O;k[;ku ekyk esa bfrgkldkj jksfeyk Fkkij vkSj gjcal eqf[k;k ds fn, O;k[;kuksa dks izLrqr dj jgs gSa 'kqHkuhr dkSf'kd &jksf eyk Fkkij fo'ofo[;kr bfrgkldkj vkSj ts,u;w esa izksQslj ,esfjVl

viuk O;k[;ku 'kq: djrs gq, jksfeyk Fkkij us etkfd;k vankt esa dgk fd mUgsa yxrk gS fd og vkSj muds dbZ vU; ofj"B lgdehZ ^ts,u;w ds Mk;uklksj* gSaA xkSjryc gS fd jksfeyk Fkkij mu yksxksa esa ls gSa] tks tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; ¼ts,u;w½ ds fodkl dh izfØ;k ds u flQZ lk{kh jgs gSa] cfYd ftUgksaus bl fo'ofo|ky; ds vkjafHkd {k.kksa ls ysdj ¼izks- Fkkij uoEcj 1970 esa ts,u;w ls tqM+ha½] blds fodflr gksus dh izfØ;k esa vrqyuh; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA mUgksaus crk;k fd ts,u;w ds vkjafHkd fnuksa esa] mu yksxksa dk mn~ns'; ts,u;w dks ,d ,sls fo'ofo|ky; ds :i esa fodflr djuk Fkk] tgk¡ csgrj vdknfed xq.koRrk ds lkFk&lkFk [kqyh ppkZ vkSj foe'kZ dk ekgkSy miyC/k gksA fo"k; ij vkrs gq, jksfeyk Fkkij us dgk fd og bfrgkl vkSj jk"Vªokn ds laca/kksa dh ppkZ djsaxh vkSj blds tfj, og ml izfØ;k dh xbjkbZ esa Hkh tk,¡xh] ftlds vUrxZr ge vius lekt dks le>rs gSa vkSj mlesa viuh vfLerkvksa dks [kkstrs vkSj fufeZr djrs gSaA jk"Vªokn dk bfrgkl fy[kus okys bfrgkldkj ,fjd gkClckWe dks m)`r djrs gq, jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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mUgksaus dgk fd ^jk"Vªokn dks bfrgkl dh ryc mruh gh gksrh gS] ftruh fd ,d vQheph dks vQhe dh* ¼^fgLVªh bt Vq us'kufyTe OgkWV ikWih bt Vq ,u vksfi;e ,fMDV*½A bl dFku dh O;k[;k djrs gq, Fkkij us dgk fd bfrgkl jk"Vªokn ds fy, u flQZ ,d lzksr gksrk gS] cfYd ;g jk"Vª dh vfLerk dk Hkh fuekZ.k djrk gSA jksfeyk Fkkij us dgk fd jk"Vªokn vk/kqfud dky esa ,sfrgkfld cnykoksa ds QyLo:Ik mitk gS] vkSj ;g vk/kqfud dky ls iwoZ ekStwn ugha FkkA 17oha lnh ds ;ksjksi dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, mUgksua s dgk fd ;ksjksih; ns'kksa esa iw¡thokn vkSj mifuos'kokn ds foLrkj] e/; oxZ ds mn; us ^jk"Vªokn* dh vo/kkj.kk dh mRifŸk esa ;ksxnku fn;kA blds varxZr ,d lsdqyj ¼/keZfujis{k½ vfLerk dh Hkh ckr dh xbZ] tks lekos'kh gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ,drk dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djrh gSA ;g lekos'kh vfLerk lkekftd tkx:drk ls mith Fkh vkSj bl iwjh izfØ;k es]a ^lk>k bfrgkl* dk egRo c<+ x;k D;ksafd ;g yksxksa dks ,d lw= esa ck¡/krk FkkA Fkkij us ;g ckr tksj nsdj dgh fd jk"Vª dHkh ,dy vfLerk ds cy ij ugha [kM+k gks ldrk] mls lekos'kh gksuk gh iM+x s kA jk"Vªokn dh vo/kkj.kk esa vkf[kjdkj vrhr ds dqN fgLlksa dks ^Lo.kZ dky* ¼xksYMu ,t½ ds :i esa ns[kus dh ?kkrd izo`fŸk 'kkfey gks xbZA ;g rFkkdfFkr ^Lo.kZ dky* vrhr ds lektksa ds Hkzked bfrgkl ij vk/ kkfjr Fkk] tcfd ge orZeku esa th jgs gksrs gSaA Fkkij us viothZ jk"Vªokn ¼,DlDywflo us'kufyTe½ ds :i es]a teZuh esa 20oha lnh ds rhljs n'kd esa mits ^jk"Vªokn* dk mnkgj.k fn;k vkSj lekos'kh jk"Vªokn ¼buDywflo us'kufyTe½ ds :i esa vÝhdh jk"Vªokn dk mnkgj.k fn;kA mUgksaus ;g Hkh tksM+k fd nqfu;k Hkj dks vÝhdh jk"Vªokn ds lekos'kh pfj= dks viukuk pkfg,A Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn ds mn; ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, jksfeyk Fkkij dk dguk Fkk fd Hkkjr esa jk"Vªokn mifuos'koknfojks/kh vkanksyuksa ds nkSjku iuikA izkd~&vkSifuosf'kd Hkkjr esa tkfr] /keZ] Hkk"kk vkSj {ks= dh cgqrsjh vfLerk,¡ jk"Vªokn ,d lkFk vfLrRo esa FkhaA /keZ ds varxZr Hkh dksbZ ,dk'eh ¼eksuksyhfFkd½ /keZ u gksdj vusd laiznk; vfLrRo esa FksA ;g fofo/krk ls Hkjk&iwjk lekt Fkk] tgk¡ fHkUu&fHkUu lewg vius Lrj ls laokn dj jgs FksA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ysfdu fczfV'k 'kklu ds nkSjku tsEl fey ljh[ks mifuos'koknh bfrgkldkjksa us bl iwjh fofo/krk dks /keZ rd lhfer dj fn;kA tsEl fey us 1818 esa fy[kh viuh iqLrd esa dky&foHkktu ds fy, 'kkld oa'k ds /keZ dk bLrseky fd;k vkSj bl rjg iwjs Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dks ^fganw dky*] ^eqfLye dky* vkSj ^fczfV'k dky* esa ck¡V fn;kA dky&foHkktu dh bl vo/kkj.kk ds ihNs f}jk"Vªokn dk ogh fl)kar dke dj jgk Fkk] ftlds varxZr ;g ekuk tkrk Fkk fd ^fganw vkSj eqfLye*] LFkk;h rkSj ij ,d&nwljs ds fojks/kh vkSj 'k=q gSa vkSj mUgsa 'kkar j[kus ds fy, fdlh cká 'kfDr tSls fczfV'k lkezkT; dh t:jr gksxhA* f}jk"Vªokn ds blh fl)kar us ^vYila[;d* vkSj ^cgqla[;d* ljh[kh Jsf.k;k¡ x<+ nhaA blus ,dk'eh /kkfeZd vfLerk dks ¼dalksfyMsVM s eksuksyhfFkd fjyhtl vkbMsafVVh½ lqn`<+ djus dk dke fd;kA gsepanz jk;pkS/kqjh] jes'k pUnz etwenkj vkSj uhydaB 'kkL=h ljh[ks jk"Vªoknh bfrgkldkjksa us ,d vksj tgk¡ izkP; fujadq'krk ¼vksfj,aVy MsLiksfVTe½ ds fl)kar dks pqukSrh nh] ogha nwljh vksj bu yksxksa us tsEl fey ds dky&foHkktu dks ;Fkkor~ Lohdkj dj fy;kA Hkys gh vc ^fgan*w ] ^eqfLye* vkSj ^fczfV'k* dky dh txg izkphu] e/;dky vkSj vk/kqfud dky us ys yh Fkh] ij bfrgkl dks /keZ ds p'es ls ns[kus dh ewy vo/kkj.kk esa dksbZ cnyko ugha vk;kA mifuos'koknh bfrgkl ys[ku us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ^vk;Z uLy dk fl)kar* Hkh vkjksfir dj fn;kA izkphu Hkkjr ij dke djus okys fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS fd ^vk;Z Hkk"kk* e/; ,f'k;k ls bZjku gksrs gq, Hkkjr igq¡phA ij vc Hkkjr esa dqN yksxksa }kjk bl n`f"Vdks.k dk izpkj fd;k tk jgk gSfd vk;Z Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh Hkkjr ds gh LFkkuh; fuoklh FksA dqN rks gM+Iik lH;rk ds fuokfl;ksa dks Hkh vk;Z lkfcr djrs gq, ;g lq>kuk pkgrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; lH;rk dh mRifŸk esa dksbZ xSj&vk;Z rŸo Fkk gh ugha! ckotwn blds fd gM+Iik lH;rk dh Hkk"kk vHkh rd i<+h ugha tk ldh gS vkSj u gh gM+Iik lH;rk dh mRifŸk ds lzksr Kkr gks lds gSaA ,d rdZ ;g Hkh fn;k x;k fd vk;Z ewy :i ls Hkkjr ds gh fuoklh Fks vkSj Hkkjr ls gh os nqfu;k ds vU; fgLlksa esa x,A bl fl)kar dh [kkst dh xbZ 19oha lnh esa] tc vejhdk ds fFk;kslksfQLV] duZy gsujh ,lvksydkV us bls izfrikfnr fd;k vkSj ;g fl)kar fFk;kslksfQLVksa us viuk fy;kA ;|fi fFk;kslksfQLV dqN le; rd vk;Z lekt ds fudV Fks] ij Lo;a vk;Z lekt ds laLFkkid n;kuan ljLorh dk ekuuk Fkk fd vk;Z jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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frCcr ls vk, FksA yksdekU; fryd dk dguk Fkk fd vk;Z vkdZfVd izn's k ls vk,A chloha lnh ds nwljs&rhljs n'kd ds nkSjku fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dh [kkst us ^vk;Z uLy ds fl)kar* ds fy, ,d ekSfyd pqukSrh is'k dhA vkt Hkh dqN lewg yxkrkj ;g lkfcr djus esa yxs gq, gSa fd fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk ds fuoklh Hkh vk;Z FksA ckotwn blds fd fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dh Hkk"kk vkSj mRifŸk ds fo"k; esa fo}ku ,der ugha gks lds gSaA ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS fd Hkkjr esa vk;ksZa ls tqM+s eqn~ns dk bruk vf/kd jktuhfrdj.k gks pqdk gS fd tks fo}ku ^vk;ksZa ds Hkkjr esa gh mRiUu gksu*s dh vo/kkj.kk ij loky mBkrs gS]a mUgsa lks'ky ehfM;k vkSj baVjusV dk xqLlk vkSj vieku >syuk iM+rk gSA ,slh fLFkfr ,sfrgkfld fo"k;ksa ls tqMh+ ifjppkZ vkSj okn&fookn&laokn dh laHkkouk dks ?kVk nsrh gSA tgk¡ ,d vksj mifuos'kokn&fojks/kh jk"Vªokn lsdqyj] yksdrkaf=d vkSj cjkcjh ds fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr lekt vkSj eq[; vfLerk ds :i esa ^Hkkjrh;rk* dh odkyr djrk Fkk] ogha nwljh vksj /kkfeZd jk"Vªokn] ,d /keZ] laLd`fr] Hkk"kk vkfn ds lcls vyx gksus dks js[kkafdr djrk gS vkSj mls ojh;rk nsrk gSA ^Hkkjr ds ns'kt bfrgkl* dh odkyr djus okys yksx cM+h gh lqfo/kk ds lkFk vkSifuosf'kd fopkj/kkjk ls mits vk;Z uLy ds fl)kar vkSj f}jk"Vªokn ds fl)kar dks tl&dk&rl Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA /kkfeZd jk"Vªokn vDlj] jktuSfrd leFkZu gkfly djus ds fy, tku&cw>dj x<+k tkrk gS] tSlk fganqRo ds mnkgj.k esa gesa Li"V fn[krk gSA ^fganqbTe* ¼fganw /keZ½ vkSj fganqRo nksuksa ,d gh pht ugha gSaA ^fganqbTe* ,d /keZ gS] tcfd fganqRo ,d vk/kqfud jktuSfrd fopkj/kkjkA fganqRo ,d fopkj/kkjk gS] tks dqN ckrksa dks t:j ^fganqbTe* ls ysrh gS] ij ;g ^fganqbTe* ls cgqr vyx gSA fgan q R o dh vo/kkj.kk brkyoh Qklhoknh ls izsj.kk izkIr djus okyh fganqRo dh vo/kkj.kk 20oha lnh esa vfLrRo esa vkbZ] vkSj bldk mn~n's ; Fkk& fganw jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k ds fy, fganqvksa dks jktuSfrd :i ls laxfBr djukA /keZ ij vk/kkfjr fopkj/kkjk ds fuekZ.k esa t:jr iM+us ij /keZ dh vk/kkjHkwr ckrksa dks Hkh fQj ls jpk tk ldrk gSA ;g iqujZpuk vDlj /keZ ds vfHktkR; vkSj iqjkruiaFkh vuq;kf;;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj dh tkrh gSA tc ge ^fganw* gksus dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSa rks lkekU;r;k ,slk mPp tkfr ds yksxksa ds lanHkZ esa gh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd bl ifjHkk"kk dk vk/kkj os ikB ¼VsDLV½ gksrs gSa] tks bUgha tkfr&lewgksa ds gSaA fganqRo ,d fuf'pr Hkw&Hkkx] ,dy laLd`fr vkSj u`tkrh; mRifŸk] ,d Hkk"kk vkSj ,d /keZ dh ckr djrk gSA ;g fganqvksa dh lk>h ^iq.;Hkwfe] fir`Hkwfe* dh Hkh ckr djrk gS vkSj vU; lHkh /kekZoyafc;ksa dks fons'kh crykrk gSA fganqRo vius /kkfeZd i{k esa] lkeh ¼lsfefVd½ /keksZa dh :ijs[kk dk gh vuqlj.k djrk gS] elyu] ^,sfrgkfldrk* ij tksj vkSj ,dk'eh ¼eksuksfyfFkd½ /keZ] ,d ifo= xzaFk] ppZ tSls /kkfeZd laxBuA laLd`fr;k¡ fuokZr esa ugha iSnk gqvk djrhaA os vU; laLd`fr;ksa ds lkFk u flQZ lg&vfLrRo esa fo|eku gksrh gSa] cfYd muls var% fØ;k Hkh djrh gSa] ;g ckr fganqLrku ds fy, Hkh mruh gh lp gS] ftruh fd nqfu;k ds fdlh vU; ns'k ds fy,A fiNys ,d gtkj o"kZ ds nkSjku jktkvksa] lqYrkuksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa us laLd`r f'k{kk ds dsanzkas dks leku :i ls izJ; fn;k] blh nkSjku laLd`r ds egŸoiw.kZ xzFa kksa ij lk;.k ljh[ks fo}kuksa }kjk Vhdk,¡ fy[kha xbZa vkSj loZn'kZu laxzg tSls xzaFk jps x,] ftlesa pkokZd ds n'kZu dh Hkh ppkZ dh xbZA cxnkn ds rRdkyhu fo}kuksa us vjch Hkk"kk esa fy[kh viuh iqLrdksa esa] xf.kr vkSj [kxksy'kkL= ls lacaf/kr laLd`r Hkk"kk ds xazFkksa dh ljkguk dh] blls ;g tkfgj gksrk gS fd laLd`r vkSj vjch Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls Kku dk vknku&iznku gks jgk FkkA pkgs fganw gks ;k eqlyeku] bZlkbZ ;k fl[k] bl rF; dh rjQ gekjk /;ku ugha tkrk fd cgqrjs s /kekZoyach ,sls gksrs gSa ftudh vius /kkfeZd xzFa kksa dh tkudkjh u ds cjkcj gksrh gSA muds fy, /keZ ,d vyx gh elyk gksrk gSA vly O;ogkj esa] ;s yksx viuk [kqn dk /keZ@iaFk fufeZr dj ysrs gS]a vius pqus gq, rjhds ls vius nsorkvksa] xq#vksa] ihjksa ;k ckckvksa dh iwtk djrs gSa] jksfeyk Fkkij us bu /keksZa dks eq[; /keZ ls vyx djrs gq, bUgsa ^xq#&ihj /keZ* dh laKk nhA /keZ ds bfrgkldkjksa dks bldk ewY;kadu djuk pkfg, fd vkf[kj yksxksa ds /keZ vkSj muds fo'okl fdl gn rd /kkfeZd VsDLV ij ;k O;ogkjksa ij fuHkZj ;k mu rd lhfer gksrs gSaA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa /keZ dh vo/kkj.kk dks ikfjHkkf"kr djus okyh nks izeq[k /kkjk,¡ Fkha % czkã.koknh vkSj Je.k ijaijkA ;g }S/krk bZlk dh igyh lglzkCnh esa Hkh dk;e jghA oS;kdj.k iratfy us buds chp ds lac/a kksa dh rqyuk lk¡i vkSj usoys ls dh Fkh] ;kuh bu nksuksa ds lac/a k la?k"kZe; FksA ;fn ge Hkkjr esa /keksZa ds bfrgkl ds ckjs esa le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa vkSj tkuuk pkgsa fd dSls /keksZa us lektksa dks izHkkfor fd;k rks gesa mu iaFkksa ds jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ckjs esa tkuuk gksxk] tks bu /keksZa ls mRiUu gq,] vkSj lkFk gh] bu iaFkksa ds ijLij tfVy laca/kksa dk v/;;u djuk gksxk] ftlesa vDlj bu iaFkksa ds fo'oklksa vkSj O;ogkj dh iwjh QsgfjLr 'kkfey gksxhA /keksZa vkSj muls fudys iaFkksa@laiznk;ksa dk v/;;u djrs gq, gesa muds chp gksus okyh izfrLi/kkZ vkSj vknku&iznku dks Hkh le>uk gksxkA ;s iaFk vDlj fdlh&u&fdlh tkfr ls tqMs+ gksrs Fks] vr% bl laca/k dk Hkh v/;;u djuk gksxkA nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj ^fuEu* tkfr ds leqnk;ksa ds fo'oklksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa dk Hkh xaHkhjrkiwoZd v/;;u gksuk pkfg,A fo}kuksa dks ekSf[kd ijaijkvksa dk Hkh v/;;u djuk pkfg, vkSj ,sfrgkfld lzksr ds :i esa mudk foospu vkSj iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A var es]a jksfeyk Fkkij us tksj nsrs gq, dgk fd jk"Vªokn dks fo'oluh; bfrgkl ij fuHkZj gksuk gksxk u fd fdlh O;fDr ;k [kkl fopkj/kkjk ds yksxksa dh vrhr ls tqM+h Qarkfl;ksa ijA Kku dk foLrkj gks blds fy, t:jh gS fd vkykspukRed loky mBk, tk,¡] blfy, fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj LoLFk cgl vkSj okn&fookn&laokn dk dsna z gksus pkfg,A jk"Vª dks lHkh ukxfjdksa ds leku vf/kdkjksa vkSj muds chp cjkcjh dks lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk] rHkh ge lPps vFkksZa esa vius ns'k dks lsdqyj yksdra= cuk ldsx a sA

gjcal eq f [k;k leqizfl) bfrgkldkj vkSj tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; ds iwoZ izksQslj f'k{kd ds :i esa fcrk, x, ts,u;w ds fnuksa dks ¼vly esa] dqy 33 o"kksZa dks½ ;kn djrs gq, gjcal eqf[k;k us dgk fd ts,u;w esa i<+kuk muds fy, ges'kk gh pqukSrhiw.kZ dke jgkA 31 tuojh] 2004 dks yh xbZ viuh vafre d{kk ds fy, Hkh eqf[k;k us rhu ?kaVs rS;kjh dh] ckotwn blds fd og fiNys 44 o"kkZsa ls e/;dkyhu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl i<+k jgs FksA mudk dguk Fkk fd ,d fo'ofo|ky; ds :i esa ts,u;w dk mn~ns'; Kku dh vftZr ijaijk vkSj LFkkfir ekU;rkvksa vkSj iwokZxzgksa ij loky mBkuk FkkA lkFk gh] mUgksaus ;g Hkh tksjnsdj dgk fd loky mBkus dk eryc fdlh /kkj.kk dks [kkfjt djuk ugha gksrk] cfYd ml /kkj.kk vkSj mlls tqM+h ifj?kVukvksa dks vf/kd xgjkbZ ls le>uk gksrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] mUgksua s chloha lnh ds egku bfrgkldkj QukZan czkSnsy dh fdrkc vkbMsafVVh vkWQ Ýkal dk ftØ fd;kA nks Hkkxksa esa fy[kh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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xbZ bl fdrkc esa] czkSnsy us loky mBk;k fd ^D;k Ýkal ,d ns'k gS] D;k Ýkal ,d lekt gS] D;k Ýkal ,d jk"Vª gS\* bu lokyksa ds mŸkj nsus ds Øe es]a czkSnsy us lq>k;k fd chloha lnh ds vkjaHk rd Ýkal ,d lekt] ,d ns'k ;k ,d jk"Vª ugha FkkA chloha lnh ds vkjafHkd o"kksZa esa Ýkal ds ,d lekt] ,d ns'k] ,d jk"Vª cuus dh izfØ;k 'kq: gqbZ] tks vc rd tkjh gSA vr%] gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd jk"Vªokn ,d ,slh vo/kkj.kk gs] tks vHkh fodkleku gSA fo"k; ij vkrs gq, eqf[k;k us dgk fd tsEl fey ,sls igys vkSifuosf'kd bfrgkldkj Fks] ftUgksaus ;g fl[kk;k fd fczfV'k 'kklu ls igys Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds fdlh Hkh dky[kaM dk v/;;u djrs gq, fdlh Hkh 'kkld ;k lkezkT; dks mldh /kkfeZd vfLerk ds lanHkZ esa gh le>us dh dksf'k'k djsAa ;gh QkewZyk viukrs gq, tsEl fey us viuh fdrkc n fgLVªh vkWQ fczfV'k :y bu bafM;k ¼Hkkjr esa vaxzsth 'kklu dk bfrgkl½ esa] tks 1818 esa Nih] fganqLrku ds bfrgkl dks ^fgan*w ] ^eqfLye* vkSj fczfV'k dky esa ck¡VkA tsEl fey ls iwoZ] Hkkjr esa frgjs dky&foHkktu dh ,slh dksbZ vo/kkj.kk ugha FkhA ij vrhr vkSj orZeku ds chp varj dk vkSj ns'k&dky dk Li"V cks/k Hkkjrh; lekt esa t:j FkkA jksfeyk Fkkij dh iqLrd ikLV fcQksj vl ¼foxr gekjs lkeus½ dk gokyk nsrs gq, eqf[k;k us vkfndkyhu Hkkjrh; lekt esa vrhr dks ns[kus&le>us dh fofo/krk dk fooj.k fn;kA cdkSy gjcal eqf[k;k] ,d mi;ksfxrkoknh fopkjd ds :i esa tsEl fey dks] fganw vkSj bLyke] nksuksa gh /keksZa ls ?k`.kk Fkh] fganw /keZ ls rks dqN T;knk ghA D;ksafd blh dh otg ls Hkkjr ^va/kdkj ;qx* esa thrk jgk] tc rd fd vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu us vkf[kjdkj ^izxfr* ds jkLrs ugha [kksy fn,A 18oha vkSj 19oha lnh ds vf/kdka'k vxzx.; ;ksjksih; fopkjdksa ds fganqLrku laca/kh [k;kykr] dqN egRoiw.kZ Qsjkscny ds lkFk] blh rjg ds FksA bu fopkjdksa esa ekaVsLD;w vkSj ghxy ls ysdj dkyZ ekDlZ rd 'kkfey FksA e/;dkyhu Hkkjr esa bfrgklys[ku dh ijaijk ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, eqf[k;k us crk;k fd bLyke ds tfj, Hkkjr esa egt ,d uohu /keZ dk inkiZ.k gh ugha gqvk Fkk] cfYd bfrgklys[ku dh ,d le`) ijaijk dh Hkh 'kq:vkr gqbAZ bfrgkl ys[ku dh ;g ijaijk e/;dky ds ;ksjksih; bfrgklys[ku ls dnkfpr fHkUu FkhA e/;dkyhu ;ksjksih; bfrgkl ys[ku es]a bfrgkl dks bZ'ojh; bPNk dh vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk Fkk vksj bls lkoZHkkSfed jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gksus dk ntkZ fn;k tkrk FkkA ij blds myV e/;dkyhu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ys[ku esa bfrgkl dks 'kkld dh bPNk vkSj izd`fr dh vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk FkkA blds varxZr bfrgkl dks nSoh; bPNk dh vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa u ns[kdj] ekuoh; bPNk dh vfHkO;fDr ¼Hkys gh] og 'kkld rd gh lhfer Fkh½ ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk FkkA nwljs] /keZfu"Bk vkSj ppZ ls [kkls izHkkfor e/;dkyhu ;ksjksih; bfrgklys[ku ds myV] e/;dkyhu Hkkjrh; bfrgklys[ku esa] {ks=h; bfrgkl] 'kkld oa'k ds bfrgkl vkSj mlesa Hkh 'kkld fo'ks"k 'kklu ds o"kZokj bfrgkl dks rjthg nh xbZA bl bfrgklys[ku esa dkye ij cgqr tksj Fkk vkSj ;g fgtjh laor ij vk/kkfjr FkkA e/;dkyhu Hkkjrh; bfrgklys[ku esa gjsd ?kVuk dks ,d ,dy ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[kk vkSj of.kZr fd;k tkrk FkkA blesa e/;dkyhu ;wjksih; bfrgklys[ku dh Hkk¡fr dksbZ iSVuZ [kkstus ;k fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k ugha dh xbZA vktknh ds ckn fganqLrku dh bl ,sfrgkfld rLohj esa cM+k cnyko rc vk;k] tc Hkkjrh; bfrgkldkjksa us bfrgkl dks ,sls fo"k; ds :i esa le>us dh 'kq:vkr dh] ftls ,d ls vf/kd dkjdksa us izHkkfor fd;kA /kkfeZd vfLerk] bu vusd dkjdksa esa ls flQZ ,d dkjd Hkj FkhA Hkkjrh; bfrgklys[ku dh ijaijk esa ;g cnyko vkSifuosf'kd vyxko FkkA vyxko dh bl izfØ;k esa] oxZ dh vo/kkj.kk us( vkSj lekt esa oxZ vk/kkfjr la?k"kksZa ds blls tqM+s gksus dh le> us & cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA 1980 ds n'kd rd vkrs&vkrs] vrhr ds dqN vkSj igyqvksa ls ge okfdQ gq,] vkSj buesa ls dqN igyw rks ,sls Fks ftudh mis{kk oxZ dh Js.kh us Hkh dh FkhA ;s igyw Fks % laLd`fr] ifjokj] leqnk;] tsaMj] i;kZoj.k] ns'k&dky vkSj i;kZokl ¼gSfcVsV½ ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k] jkT; O;oLFkkvksa dh tsM a j ls tqMh+ vfLerk,¡] vrhr dks x<+us vkSj jpus dk bfrgkl] vyx&vyx dkyksa esa bfrgkl dks fdl rjg ns[kk vkSj le>k x;k vkfn&vkfnA fiNys ik¡p&Ng n'kdksa es]a Hkkjr vkSj vU; txgksa ij Hkh] bfrgklys[ku dh nqfu;k esa vkewypwy cnyko vk, gSaA iqjkus ,sfrgkfld lzksrksa ds lkFk&lkFk ;k mudh txg ij vc u, lzksrksa dks bfrgkldkjksa }kjk rjthg nh tk jgh gS] blesa yksd xhr vkSj ns'kt Hkk"kkvksa esa fy[ks lzkrs Hkh 'kkfey gSaA bfrgkl dk ljyhdj.k bfrgklys[ku esa gq, bu cM+s cnykoksa ds njE;ku bfrgkl dh yksdfiz; Nfo esa dksbZ cnyko ugha vk;kA blesa cnyko u vkus dk dkj.k Fkk] bls /keZ ds ,dek= [kaHks ls ck¡/ks j[kus ds fy, fd;k x;k cM+k vkSj jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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laxfBr iz;klA bl yksdfiz; Lrj ij vkdj bfrgkl dk csgn ljyhdj.k dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g ,d ,sls fo"k; esa rCnhy gks tkrk gS] ftl ij Vhoh LVwfM;ks esa cSBs rFkkdfFkr fo'ks"kK csf>>d viuh jk; nsrs gaSA ljyhdj.k ds bl Lrj ij vkdj bfrgkl dks ,sls fo"k; ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] ftls vDlj 'kkld ;k egkiq#"k gh ¼fL=;k¡ ;nk&dnk gh½ fn'kk vkSj vkdj nsrs gSa] ij vc bl n`f"Vdks.k ds ckjs esa is'ksoj bfrgkldkj rks lksprs rd ugha gSaA lkFk gh] ljyhdj.k dh bl izfØ;k esa ;g Hkh eku fy;k tkrk gS fd jktk ds lHkh jktuSfrd dk;Zokfg;ksa dks fu/kkZfjr djus okyk ,dek= dkjd gS /keZ] bl n`f"Vdks.k dks Hkh bfrgkldkjksa us n'kdksa igys NksM+ fn;k FkkA bfrgkl dh bl ljyhd`r le> ds varxZr ;g lksp Hkh 'kkfey gS fd jktk dh ^uhfr;k¡* mlds 'kkludky ds vkjaHk ls var rd ,d tSlh gh cuh jgrh gSa] ;g n`f"Vdks.k Hkh loZFkk vlaxr gSA ljyhdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk ds pisV esa vkus okyksa esa] ckckjukek dk rqdhZ Hkk"kk ls vaxt zs h esa csgrjhu vuqokn djus okyh eSMe ,usV ,l- csojht Hkh FkhaA gjcal eqf[k;k us crk;k fd ckcj viuh vkRedFkk esa v;ks/;k tkus dh ckr dk mYys[k t:j djrk gS] ij dgha Hkh og jke] jkeeafnj vFkok jke&tUeHkwfe dk ftØ ugha djrkA ij eSMe csojht us ckckjukek ds ifjf'k"V esa viuk ;g cscqfu;kn vuqeku tksM+ fn;k fd bLyke dk vuq;k;h gksus dh otg ls t:j gh ckcj us v;ks/;k esa eafnj rksMk+ gksxkA eqf[k;k us vdcj vkSj vkSjx a tsc ds mnkgj.k ds tfj, /kkfeZd vfLerk ds ljyhdj.k dks le>kus dh dksf'k'k dhA viuh ^/kkfeZd uhfr;ks*a ds vk/kkj ij ¼;|fi ^/kkfeZd uhfr* [kqn esa la'k; ls Hkjk 'kCn gS½] vdcj vkSj vkSjx a tsc dh yksd Nfo Øe'k% mnkj vkSj dV~Vj gksus dh gSA mu nksuksa ds ckjs esa ,slk gh le>k tkrk jgk] tc rd fd 1960 ds n'kd esa nks bfrgkldkjksa us bl ekU;rk dks pqukSrh ugha nhA bfDrnkj vkye [kku vkSj ,e- vrgj vyh us ;g fn[kk;k fd vdcj vkSj vkSjaxtsc nksuksa dh gh /kkfeZd uhfr;k¡ muds ipkl lky okys yacs 'kkludky ds nkSjku jktuSfrd ?kVukvksa dh ek¡xksa ls fu/kkZfjr vkSj fopfyr gksrh jghaA ,sls Hkh ^pj.k* vk, tc ladV dks Hkk¡irs gq, nksuksa us gh dHkh ^mnkj* rks dHkh ^vuqnkj@dV~Vj* gksus dh Hkwfedk,¡ fuHkkbZaA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd jktk dk /kkfeZd n`f"Vdks.k vkSj mldh /keZlaca/kh uhfr;k¡ Lora= vkSj vifjorZuh; ugha FkhaA cfYd os rks ml jktuSfrd vkStkj ;k lalk/ku dh rjg Fkha] ftldk bLrseky t:jr jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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iM+us ij fd;k tkrk FkkA jktk ds futh /kkfeZd n`f"Vdks.k dh Hkwfedk t:j gksrh Fkh] ij mldh lhek,¡ bl ckr ls r; gksrh Fkha fd fLFkfr fo'ks"k dh D;k ek¡x gSA eqf[k;k us ^detksj* vkSj ^'kfDr'kkyh* 'kkld dh }S?krk ij Hkh loky mBk;kkA tsEl fey us gesa ;g fl[kk;k fd ge ^fgan*w vkSj ^eqfLye* dky ds 'kkldksa dh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks lh/ks&lh/ks muds /kkfeZd tqM+ko ls tksM+dj ns[ksa] ukfd ,sls 'kkldksa ds :i esa ftudh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks tfVy izfØ;kvksa us izHkkfor fd;kA tc ge vdcj vkSj vkSjx a tsc dks ¼;k gj fdlh dks½ egt ,d ^vPNs* ;k ^cqj*s eqlyeku ds :i esa ns[krs gS]a rks vly esa ge tsEl fey ds vkSifuosf'kd ikB dks vkt ds le; esa nqgjk Hkj jgs gksrs gSaA bl rjg ge ;g Hkh cM+h vklkuh ls vkSj cxSj loky iwNs eku ysus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSa fd lHkh fganw 'kkld vfuok;Z rkSj ij ^vPNs* FksA e/;dky ds nkSjku fganqLrku esa ^/kekZra j.k@/keZ&ifjorZu* ds elys ij cksyrs gq, eqf[k;k us Li"V rkSj ij dgk fd /keZ&ifjorZu dh izfØ;k lfn;ksa rd pyh ,d yach izfØ;k Fkh] tks jkT; }kjk izk;ksftr ugha FkhA Hkys gh] ,sls dqN mnkgj.k t:j gSa tgk¡ jkT; us dqNd s yksxksa ij /keZ&ifjorZu ds fy, ncko cuk;k gks] ij ;s mnkgj.k egt viokn gh gSaA vke rkSj ij /keZ&ifjorZu ds fy, cgqr ls&lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj rkRdkfyd dkj.k mŸkjnk;h Fks] vkSj blhfy, dkj.kksa dh bl tfVyrk vkSj cgqyrk dks egt jkT; rd lhfer ugha djuk pkfg,A lkFk gh] lYrur ;k eqxy dky ds nkSjku 'kkldksa us dHkh Hkh fganqLrku ij 'kjh;r dk dkuwu Fkksius dh dksf'k'k ugha dhA bl izfØ;k esa lwQh larksa dk Hkh cM+k ;ksxnku Fkk] ftUgksua s turk ds ,d cM+s rcds dks viuh vksj vkd`"V fd;k] bl flyflys esa eqf[k;k us d'ehj ds uan _f"k@'ks[k uq:n~nhu dk Hkh mnkgj.k fn;kA mUgksua s ;g ckr tksj nsdj dgh fd vxj e/;dkyhu Hkkjr esa dHkh Hkh cM+s iSekus ij jkT; }kjk tcfj;k /keZ&ifjorZu djk;k x;k gksrk rks cnk;wauh ;k ft;kmn~nhu cjuh ljh[ks bfrgkldkj mldk o.kZu t:j djrs] ;k uqL[kk&,&fnydq'kk fy[kus okys Hkhelsu ljh[ks bfrgkldkj Hkh mlds ckjs esa t:j fy[krsA ij ,slk dksbZ o.kZu ugha feyrk] vkSj mldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd jkT; }kjk dHkh cM+s iSekus ij cykr~ /keZ&ifjorZu ugha djk;k x;kA viuh ckr dh iqf"V ds fy, mUgksaus fc'ki gscj ds 1830 ds tula[;k ds vk¡dM+ksa vkSj 1941 dh tux.kuk ds vk¡dM+ksa dh rqyuk Hkh dhA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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lkekftd U;k; vkSj jk"Vªokn &dUgS;k dqekj ^^ge ml lius ds lkFk [kM+s gSa tks Hkxr flag vkSj ckck lkgc vacsMdj us ns[kk Fkk** ge gSa bl ns'k ds vkSj bl feV~Vh ls I;kj djrs gSAa bl ns'k esa tks 80 Qhlnh xjhc turk gS] ge mlds fy, yM+rs gSAa gekjs fy, ;gh ns'kfgr gSA gesa iwjk Hkjkslk gS ckck lkgsc ¼vacM s dj½ ds ÅijA gesa iwjk Hkjkslk gS vius ns'k ds lafo/kku ds ÅijA vkSj ge bl ckr dks iwjh etcwrh ds lkFk dguk pkgrs gSa fd bl ns'k ds lafo/kku ij vxj dksbZ m¡xyh mBk,xk---- pkgs og m¡xyh laf?k;ksa dh gks] pkgs og m¡xyh fdlh dh Hkh gks] ml m¡xyh dks ge cnkZ'r ugha djsx a As ge lafo/kku esa Hkjkslk djrs gSAa ysfdu tks lafo/kku >aMos kyku vkSj ukxiqj esa i<+k;k tkrk gS] ml lafo/kku ij gedks dksbZ Hkjkslk ughaA gedks euqLe`fr ij dksbZ Hkjkslk ugha gSA gedks bl ns'k ds vanj tks tkfrokn gS mlds Åij dksbZ Hkjkslk ugha gSA ;g cM+s 'keZ dh ckr gS] ;g cM+s nq%[k dh ckr gS fd vkt ,chohih vius ehfM;k lg;ksfx;ksa ls iwjs ekeys dks Mk;Y;wV dj jgk gSA dy ,chohih ds TokbaV lsØVs jh us dgk fd ge Qsyksf'ki ds fy, yM+rs gSAa fdruk f?kukSuk yxrk gS ;g lqu djdsA budh ljdkj Qsyksf'ki dks [kRe djrh gS----vkSj dgrh gS fd ge Qsyksf'ki ds fy, yM+rs gSAa budh ljdkj us mPp f'k{kk ds ctV esa 17 Qhlnh dVkSrh dh gSA mlls gekjk gkWLVy fiNys pkj lkyksa esa ugha cukA mlls gesa okbZ&QkbZ vkt rd ugha feyk---- vkSj ,d cl fn;k Hksy ¼ch,pbZ,y½us rks mlesa rsy Mkyus ds fy, iz'kklu ds ikl iSlk ugha gSA ,chohih ds yksx jksyj ds lkeus tkdj nsokuan dh rjg rLohj f[kapok dj dgrs gSa fd ge gkWLVy cuok jgs gSAa ge okbZ QkbZ djok jgs gSAa ge Qsyksf'ki c<+ok jgs gSAa budh iksyiV~Vh [kqy tk,xh lkfFk;ks] vxj bl ns'k esa cqfu;knh loky ij ppkZ gksxhA vkSj eq>s xoZ gS ts,u;w dk Nk= gksus ij D;ksfa d ge cqfu;knh loky ij ppkZ djrs gSAa ¼lqcez .;e½ Lokeh dgrk gS fd ts,u;w esa tsgknh jgrs gSAa dgrk gS fd ts,u;w ds yksx fgalk QSykrs gSAa jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dkSu gS\-------------eSa ts,u;w ls pqukSrh nsrk gw¡ vkj,l,l ds fopkjdksa dks mUgsa cqykvks vkSj djks gekjs lkFk cglA ge djuk pkgrs gSa fgalk dh vo/kkj.kk ij cglA ge loky [kM+k djuk pkgrs gSAa ,chohih ds ml nkos ijA-----,chohih ds eap ls dgrk gS cs'kje fd [kwu ls fryd djsx a ]s xksfy;ksa ls vkjrhA fdldk [kwu cgkuk pkgrs gks rqe bl eqYd esAa D;k pkgrs gks bl eqYd esa rqeA rqeus xksfy;k¡ pykbZ gSAa vaxt zs ksa ds lkFk feydj bl ns'k dh vktknh ds fy, yM+us okys yksxksa ij xksfy;k¡ pykbZ gSAa eqYd ds vanj xjhc tc viuh jksVh dh ckr djrk gS] tc Hkq[kejh ls ej jgs yksx vius gd dh ckr djrs gS-a ----rks rqe mu ij xksyh pykrs gksA rqeus xksyh pykbZ gS bl eqYd esa eqlyekuksa ds ÅijA rqeus xksyh pykbZ gS bl eqYd esAa tc efgyk,¡ vius vf/kdkj dh ckr djrh gSa rks rqe dgrs gks ik¡pksa m¡xyh cjkcj ugha gks ldrhA efgykvksa dks lhrk dh rjg jguk pkfg, vkSj lhrk dh rjg vfXuijh{kk nsuh pkfg,A bl ns'k esa yksdra= gS vkSj ;g yksdra= lcdks cjkcjh dk gd nsrk gS pkgs og deZpkjh gks pkgs og etnwj gks] xjhc gks] ;k fdlku gks ;k vackuh gks] vnkuh gks lcds gd dh ckr djrs gSAa tc ge efgykvksa ds gd dh ckr djrs gSa rks ;s dgrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks cckZn djuk pkgrs gSAa ge cckZn djuk pkgrs gSa 'kks"k.k dh laLd`fr dks] tkfrokn dh laLd`fr dks] euqokn dh laLd`fr dks] blesa fnDdr dgk¡ vkrh gSA budks fnDdr gksrh gS tc yksx yksdra= dh ckr djrs gS]a tc yksx yky lyke ds lkFk uhyk lyke yxkrs gS]a tc ekDlZ ds lkFk ckck lkgc Hkhejko vacM s dj dk uke ysrs gS]a tc v'kQkd mYyk dk uke fy;k tkrk gS---- budh lkft'k gS] ;s vaxt zs ksa ds peps gSAa yxkvks esjs Åij fMQse's ku dk dsl] eSa pkgrk gw¡A budk bfrgkl vaxt zs ksa ds lkFk [kM+k gksus dk jgk gSA vkSj ;g ljdkj vkt ns'kHkfDr dk lfVZfQdsV ck¡V jgh gSA esjk eksckby psd dfj, lkfFk;ks] esjh ek¡&cgu dks Hkn~nh&Hkn~nh xkfy;k¡ nh tk jgh gSAa rqe dkSu lh Hkkjr ekrk dh ckr djrs gks\ vxj rqEgkjh Hkkjr ekrk esa esjh ek¡ 'kkfey ugha gS eq>s eatjw ugha gS ;g Hkkjr ekrk dk dkalIs VA ns'k dh efgyk,¡ rks 'kjhQ gS]a etnwj gS esjh ek¡A vk¡xuckM+h dh lsfodk gSA rhu gtkj ls esjk ifjokj pyrk gSA ;s mlds f[kykQ xkfy;k¡ ns jgk gSA eq>s 'keZ gS bl ns'k lsA bl ns'k ds vanj tks xjhc etnwj o nfyr fdlku gSa mudh ekrk,¡ Hkkjr ekrk ugha gS\a eSa dgw¡xk t; Hkkjr ekrkvksa dh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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t;] firkvksa dh t;] ekrkvksa cguksa dh t;] fdlkuks]a etnwjks]a vkfnokfl;ksa dh t;A eSa dgw¡xk fdlh esa fgEer gS cksyks badykc ftUnkckn] Hkxr flag ftUnkckn] cksyks lq[knso ftUnkckn] cksyks v'kQkd mYyk [kk¡ ftUnkckn] cksyks ckck lkgc ftankckn----rqe ckck lkgsc dk 125oha t;arh eukus dk ukVd dj jgs gksA gS rqeesa fgEer rks loky mBkvks tks loky ckck lkgc vacM s dj us mBk;k] bl ns'k ds vanj tkfrokn lcls cM+h leL;k gSA cksyks tkfrokn ds Åij] ykvks fjtosZ'ku] izkbosV lsDVj esa fjtosZ'ku ykvks----dksbZ ns'k vxj curk gS] rks yksxksa ls curk gS exj ns'k dh vo/kkj.kk esa buds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gS] xjhc etnwjksa ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gSA----- dy eSa Vhoh fMcsV esa ;g ckr cksy jgk Fkk nhid pkSjfl;k th dksA pkSjfl;k th] ;g xaHkhj le; gS bl ckr dks ;kn jf[k,xkA vxj eqYd esa Qklhokn ftl rjhds ls vk jgk gS] ehfM;k Hkh lqjf{kr ugha jgus okyk gS] mlds fy, fLØIV fy[kdj vk,¡xs la?k ds vkWfQl ls oSls gh tSls bejtsl a h esa fLØIV fy[kdj vkrs Fks dHkh bafnjk xka/kh ds le; esa dkaxl zs ds vkWfQl lsA----- ehfM;k ds lkFkh dg jgs Fks fd gekjs VSDl ds iSls ls] lfClMh ds iSls ls ts,u;w pyrk gSA gk¡ lp gSA lp gS fd VSDl ds iSls ls pyrk gSA lp gS fd lfClMh ds iSls ls pyrk gSA ysfdu ge loky [kM+k djuk pkgrs gSa fd ;wuhoflZVh gksrk fdl fy, gS\ ;wfuoflZVh gksrk gS lekt ds vanj tks dkWeu dalkbal gS mldk fØfVdy ,ukysfll fd;k tk,A vxj ;g ugha jgsxk rks dksbZ ns'k ugha cusxk-----og ns'k gksxk flQZ vkSj flQZ iwt ¡ hifr;ksa ds pkjkxkg ds fy,] flQZ vkSj flQZ ywV vkSj 'kks"k.k ds fy,A vxj ns'k ds vanj yksxksa dh tks laLd`fr gS] yksxksa dh tks ekU;rk,¡ gS]a yksxksa dk tks vf/kdkj gS mldks vxj 'kkfey ugha djsx a s rks ;g ns'k ugha cusxkA ge ns'k ds lkFk iwjh rjg [kM+s gSa vkSj ml lius ds lkFk [kM+s gSa tks Hkxr flag vkSj ckck lkgc vacM s dj us ns[kk FkkA ml lius ds lkFk [kM+s gSa ftlesa lcdks thus dk gd gks] lcdks [kkus ihus dk gd gks] vkSj bl lius ds lkFk [kM+s gksus ds fy, jksfgr us viuh tku x¡okbZ gSA ysfdu eSa dguk pkgrk gw¡ bu laf?k;ksa dksA ykur gS rqEgkjh ljdkj ijA vkSj pqukSrh gS esjh dsna z ljdkj dks fd vkt jksfgr ds ekeys esa tks fd;k gS og ts,u;w esa ge ugha gksus nsx a As dksbZ jksfgr viuh tku ugha x¡ok,xkA jksfgr us tks viuh dqckZuh nh gS] ml dqckZuh dks ge ;kn j[ksx a As ge cksyus dh vktknh ds i{k esa [kM+s gksaxsA vkSj-----NksM+ nks ikfdLrku dh ckr vkSj ckaXykns'k dh ckrA ge dgrs gSa nqfu;k ds xjhcksa ,d gksA nqfu;k ds etnwjksa ,d gksA nqfu;k dh ekuork ftankcknA Hkkjr dh ekuork ftankcknA tks bl ekuork ds f[kykQ [kM+k gS] jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ge mldks vkt igpku pqds gaASa ;gh gekjs lkeus vkt lcls xaHkhj loky gS fd ml igpku dks gedks cuk dj j[kuk gS] og tks psgjk gS tkfrokn dk] tks psgjk gS euqokn dk] og tks psgjk gS czkã.kokn vkSj iw¡thokn ds xBtksM+ dk ml psgjs dks gedks ,Dlikst djuk gS vkSj lpeqp dk yksdra= lpeqp dh vktknh] lcdh vktknh ns'k esa gedks LFkkfir djuh gSA lcdks tks vktknh vk,xh lafo/kku ls vk,xh] ikfyZ;kesVa ls vk,xh] yksdra= ls vk,xh] vkSj laln ls vk,xh ge dguk pkgrs gS(a vkSj blhfy, reke lkfFk;ksa ls vihy gS fd reke rjg dk fMÝsl a t s j[krs gq, tks gekjk dkaLVhV~;'w ku gS] tks gekjk eqYd gS ,drk ds fy, ge yksx ,dtqV jgsx a ]s ,d eq'r jgsx a s vkSj ;s tks ns'k rksMu+ s okyh rkdrsa gS]a vkrafd;ksa dks iukg nsus okys tks yksx gS-a --,d loky----vafre loky iwNdj eSa viuh ckr dks [kRe d:¡xkA dkSu gS dlkc\ dkSu gS vQty xq#\ dkSu gSa ;s yksx] tks vkt bl fLFkfr esa gSa fd vius 'kjhj esa ce cka/kdj gR;k djus dks rS;kj gSAa vxj ;g loky ;wuhoflZVh esa ugha mBsxk rks fQj eq>s ugha yxrk fd ;wuhoflZVh gksus dk dksbZ eryc gSA vxj ge ok;ysl a ¼fgalk½ dks fMQkbu ¼ifjHkkf"kr½ ugha djsx a s rks dSls pysxk---- ok;ysl a flQZ ;gh ugha gksrk tc cand w ysdj fdlh dks ekj nsAa ok;ysl a ;g Hkh gksrk gS fd lafo/kku esa tks nfyrksa dks vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gS og vf/kdkj ts,u;w iz'kklu nsus ls euk djrk gSA ;g baLVhV~;'w kuy ok;ysl a gS-----;s tfLVl dh ckr djrs gSAa dkSu r; djsxk fd tfLVl D;k gS\ euqoknh O;oLFkk Fkh rks nfyrksa dks eafnj esa ugha ?kqlus nsrs FksA ;gh tfLVl Fkk\ tc vaxt zs Fks rks dqŸkksa dks vkSj Hkkjrh;ksa dks jsLVksjVas esa ugha tkus fn;k tkrk Fkk] ;gh tfLVl Fkk\ bl tfLVl dks geus pSyt as fd;k vkSj vkt ge ,chohih vkSj vkj,l,l ds tfLVl dks pSyt as djrs gSa fd vxj rqEgkjk tfLVl gekjs tfLVl dks ,dkseksMVs ugha djrk gS rks ge ugha ekusx a s rqEgkjs tfLVl dksA ge ugha ekusx a s rqEgkjh vktknh dksA ge ml fnu vktknh dks ekusx a s ftl fnu gj balku dks lao/S kkfud vf/kdkj nsrs gq, bl eqYd ds vanj cjkcjh dk ntkZ fn;k tk,xkA ml fnu ge vktknh dks ekusx a As nksLrks] cgqr xaHkhj ifjfLFkfr gSA bl ckr ij ts,u;w,l;w fdlh Hkh fgalk dk] fdlh Hkh vkradoknh dk] fdlh Hkh vkradh ?kVuk dk] fdlh ns'kfojks/kh xfrfof/k dk leFkZu ugha djrkA dM+s 'kCnksa esa ,d ckj fQj lsA tks dqN yksx] vKkr yksxksa us ikfdLrku ftankckn ds ukjs yxk, gS]a ts,u;w Nk= la?k mldh dM+s 'kCnksa esa HkRlZuk djrk gSA loky iwNuk pkgrs gSa ts,u;w iz'kklu vkSj ,chohih lsA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dSia l esa gtkj rjg dh phtsa gksrh gSAa vki /;ku ls ,chohih dk Lyksxu lqfu;s& ;s dgrs gSa dE;qfuLV dqŸksA ;s dgrs gSa vQty xq# ds fiYysA ;s dgrs gSa ftgkfn;ksa ds cPpsA vxj bl lafo/kku us gedks ukxfjd gksus dk vf/kdkj fn;k gS rks esjs cki dks dqŸkk dguk esjs lao/S kkfud vf/kdkjksa dk guu gS ;k ugha\ ;g loky iwNuk pkgrs gSa ge ts,u;w iz'kklu ls fd vki fdlds fy, dke djrs gS\a fdlds lkFk dke djrs gSa vkSj fdlds vk/kkj ij dke djrs gS\a ;g ckr vkt fcYdqy lkQ gksuh pkfg,----fd ts,u;w iz'kklu igys ijeh'ku nsrk gS] fQj ukxiqj ls Qksu vkus ds ckn ijeh'ku okil ysrk gSA ;g tks ijeh'ku ysus vkSj nsus dh izfØ;k gS] ;g mlh rjg ls rst gks xbZ gS bl eqYd es-a ----tSls Qsyksf'ki dks ysus vkSj nsus dh izfØ;k gSA igys vkidks Qsyksf'ki c<+kus dh ?kks"k.kk dh tk,xh fQj dgk tk,xk fd Qsyksf'ki can gks xbZA ;s la?kh iSVuZ gSA ;g vkj,l,l vkSj ,chohih dk iSVuZ gSA blh iSVuZ ls os eqYd dks pykuk pkgrs gSAa blh iSVuZ ls os ts,u;w ,MfefuLVª's ku dks pykuk pkgrs gSAa gekjk loky gS ts,u;w ds okbl pkalyj ls fd iksLVj yxk Fkk ts,u;w esa ckdk;nk] ipsZ vk, Fks esl esAa vxj fnDdr Fkh rks ts,u;w iz'kklu igys ijeh'ku ugha nsrkA vxj ijeh'ku fn;k---- rks fdlds dgus ls ijeh'ku dSfa ly fd;k\ ;g loky ts,u;w iz'kklu lkQ djsA ;g loky vkt ge buls iwNuk pkgrs gSAa lkFk gh lkFk----A ;s tks yksx gS]a budh lPpkbZ tku yhft,A buls uQjr er dhft,xk D;ksfa d ge yksx uQjr dj ugha ldrs gSa buls] eq>s cgqr gh n;k Hkko gS buds izfrA ;s brus mNy jgs gSa D;ks\a budks yxrk gS tSls xtsUnz pkSgku dks fcBk;k gS] oSls gj txg pkSgku] nhoku] Qjeku ;s tkjh dj nsx a As pkSgku] nhoku vkSj Qjeku dh cnkSyr ;s gj txg ukSdjh ikrs jgsx a As blhfy, ;s tc tksj ls Hkkjr ekrk dh t; fpYyk,¡ rks le> yhft, ijlksa budk baVjO;w Mh;w esa gksus okyk gSA ukSdjh yxsxh] ns'kHkfDr ihNs NwV tk,xhA ukSdjh yxsxh] fQj Hkkjr ekrk dk dksbZ [k;ky ughaA ukSdjh yxsxh rks frjaxk dks rks bUgksua s dHkh ekuk gh ugha] Hkxok >aMk Hkh ugha ekusx a As eSa loky djuk pkgrk gw¡ ;g dSlh ns'kHkfDr gS\ vxj ,d ekfyd vius ukSdj ls lgh crkZo ugha djrk] vxj fdlku vius etnwj ls lgh crkZo ugha djrk] vxj iwt ¡ hifr vius deZpkfj;ksa ls lgh crkZo ugha djrk vkSj ;s tks vyx&vyx pSuy ds yksx gSAa tks jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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i=dkj dke djrs gSa 15&15 gtkj :i, esAa buds tks lhbZvks gS]a os buls Bhd ls crkZo ugha djrs gSAa os dSls djrs gSa ns'kHkfDr\ dSl\s os lkjh ns'kHkfDr Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ds eSp ij [kRe dj nsrs gSAa blhfy, tc lM+d ij fudyrs gSa rks dsys okys ds lkFk cnrehth ls ckr djrs gSAa dsyk okyk dgrk gS& lkgc] 40 #i, ntZuA dgrs gS& a HkkxA rqe yksx ywV jgs gksA dsyk okyk ftl fnu iyV dj cksy nsxk fd rqe lcls cM+s yqVjs s gks] djksMk+ sa ywV jgs gks rks dg nsx a s fd ;g ns'knzkgs h gSA eSa vki reke ts,u;w ds yksxksa ls dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd vHkh pquko gksxk ekpZ esAa rc ,chohih ds yksx vkse dk >aMk yxkdj vkids ikl vk,¡xAs muls iwfN,xk& fd ge ns'knzkgs h gSAa tsgknh] vkradoknh gSAa gekjk oksV ysdj rqe Hkh ns'knzkgs h gks tkvksA ;g muls t:j iwfN,xkA rc ;s dgsx a & s ugha] vki yksx ugha gS]a os dqN yksx gSAa ge dgsx a s fd os dqN yksx Fks] ;s ckr rks rqeus ehfM;k esa ugha dgh FkhA rqEgkjk okbl pkalyj ugha cksyk vkSj rqEgkjk jftLVªkj Hkh ugha cksy jgk gSA vkSj os dqN yksx Hkh rks dg jgs gSa fd geus ikfdLrku ftankckn dk ukjk ugha yxk;kA os dqN yksx Hkh rks dg jgs gSa fd ge vkradokn ds i{k esa ugha gSAa os dqN yksx Hkh rks dg jgs gSa fd gesa ijeh'ku nsdj gekjk ijeh'ku dSfa ly dj fn;kA ;g gekjs iztkrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa ds Åij geyk gSA os dqN yksx gSa tks ;g dg jgs gSa fd vxj bl ns'k ds vanj dgha yM+kbZ yM+h tk jgh gS rks mlds leFkZu esa ge [kM+s gksx a As bruh ckr buds iYys iM+us okyh ugha gSA ysfdu eq>s iwjk Hkjkslk gS fd ;gk¡ tks brus yksx brus 'kkWVZ uksfVl ij vk, gS]a muds iYys iM+ jgk gSA vkSj os yksx bl dSia l esa ,d&,d Nk= ds ikl tk,¡xs vkSj crk,¡xs fd ,chohih bl ns'k dks rksM+ jgk gSA cfYd ts,u;w dks rksM+ jgk gSA ge ts,u;w dks VwVus ugha nsx a As ts,u;w ftankckn Fkk] ts,u;w ftankckn jgsxkA bl ns'k ds vanj ftrus Hkh la?k"kZ gks jgs gS]a mu la?k"kksaZ esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlk ysxk vkSj bl ns'k ds vanj yksdra= dh vkokt etcwr djrs gq,] vktknh dh vkokt dks etcwr djrs gq,] vfHkO;fDr dh vkokt dks etcwr djrs gq, bl la?k"kZ dks vkxs c<+k,xkA la?k"kZ djsx a s thrsx a s vkSj ns'k ds xn~nkjksa dks ijkLr djsx a As bUgha 'kCnksa ds lkFk t; Hkhe vkSj yky lykeA

¼11 Qjojh 2016 dks dUgS;k dqekj dk laf{kIr Hkk"k.k½ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jk"Vªokn % yksdra= vkSj orZeku jktuhfr &iz rki Hkkuq esgrk dUgS;k dqekj dh fxj¶rkjh vkSj ts,u;w esa jktuSfrd vlgefr dk fd;k x;k neu crkrk gS fd ge ,d ,slh ljdkj ds lk;s rys th jgs gSa tks nq"Vrk dh gn rd enka/k vkSj jktuSfrd :i ls v{ke gSA ;g ljdkj laoS/kkfud ns'k HkfDr dks dqpyus ds fy, jk"Vªokn] vlgefr ds neu ds fy, dkuwuh ccZjrk] ekewyh jaft'kksa dks fuiVkus ds fy, fl;klh rkdr vkSj laLFkkuksa dks u"V djus ds fy, iz'kklfud rkdr dk bLrseky dj jgh gSA bl neu ds fy, cgkuk cuk;k x;k gS ts,u;w esa yxs dqN dfFkr jk"Vª fojks/kh ukjkas dks] tks vQty xq# dh cjlh ij gq, ,d vk;kstu ls tqM+s FksA ljdkj us bl ekeys esa tks vlarqfyr izfrfØ;k nh gS] og fujadq'krk dh gn dk irk nsrh gSA mlus dUgS;k dqekj dh fxj¶rkjh dk vkns'k ns Mkyk ftlds Hkk"k.k esa dqN Hkh jk"Vªfojks/kh ugha FkkA ns'k ds x`gea=h vkSj ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h us ftl Hkkokos'k esa ^Hkkjr ekrk* dh j{kk djus vkSj blds fy, jk"Vªfojks/kh rRoksa ds lQk;s ls lacfa /kr c;ku fn,] og dbZ phtksa dh vksj b'kkjk djrk gSA ;g ,d fl;klh QSlyk Fkk tks lŸkk ds 'kh"kZ Lrj ij fy;k x;k FkkA ;g bl ljdkj dk [kqyk ,yku ljh[kk gS fd og fdlh fdLe dh vlgefr dks cjnk'r ugha djsxhA bl QSlys us lkQ rkSj ij lkezkT;oknh /k`"Vrk ls iw.kZ ljdkj ds ml nkos dks iznf'kZr fd;k gS fd jk"Vªokn mlh dh cikSrh gSA ;g ,d ,sls lacks/ku ds izfr ljdkj dh ccZj rkdr ds izn'kZu dh ea'kk dks tkfgj djrk gS tks fdlh Hkh rjhds ls fgalk dks ugha mdlkrk gSA ;g neu fn[kkrk gS fd ljdkj jk"Vªnzkgs ds dkuwu dks fdruk de le>rh gSA okLro es]a ljdkj us dkQh /kwrZrkiw.kZ rjhds ls ;g fn[kk;k gS fd jk"Vªokn dh ykS njvly vKkurk ds bZa/ku ls gh tyrh gSA ;g ljdkj u dsoy vlgefr dks nckuk pkgrh gS cfYd og fopkjksa dk gh neu dj nsuk pkgrh gS] tSlk fd fo'ofo|ky;ksa ij yxkrkj mlds fd, geys fn[kk jgs gSaA os ,d ,slh ns'kHkfDr dks ykxw djuk pkgrs gSa ftldh 'krZ lHkh fopkjksa dk lQk;k gksA ;gk¡ dbZ eqn~nksa dks vkil esa xM~MeM~M ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gks ldrk gS fd dqN Nk= vius fopkjksa ls fnXHkzfer jgs gksa] ysfdu fo'ofo|ky; gh og txg gS tgk¡ fopkjksa ds chp foe'kZ pyrk gSA cs'kd] vQty xq# dh Qk¡lh Hkh blesa ,d eqn~nk gks ldrk gSA mUgksaus jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gkyk¡fd tks dqN dgk] blesa dqN Hkh ,slk xSj&dkuwuh ifjHkk"kk ds nk;js esa ugha vkrk tks mnkj yksdra= ds [kk¡ps esa fQV u gks ldsA ,d lekt ds rkSj ij ge yksx ,d cqfu;knh QdZ dks Hkwyrs tk jgs gSa % jkT; dh neudkjh rkdr dk bLrseky djus dh vf/kdre 'krZ egt fdlh dh vlgefr dks ugha cuk;k tk ldrkA njvly] Nk= tks dqN dj jgs Fks] mldh okftc vkykspuk dks dsoy blh otg ls fod`r dj fn;k x;k D;ksafd ljdkj 'kfDr izn'kZu ij mrj vkbZA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh ;kn j[kuk t:jh gS fd vly elyk ns'kHkfDr dh ifjHkk"kk dk ugha gS ;k ;g Hkh ugha fd dkSu jk"Vªnzksgh gS vkSj dkSu ughaA ehfM;k vkSj cqf)thfo;ksa dk ,d cM+k rcdk cM+h vklkuh ls bl cgl dks jk"Vªokn ds loky esa rCnhy gks tkus dh fj;k;r c['k ns jgk gSA blhfy,] vfrjatuk dk tksf[ke mBkrs gq, ;g iy bl ckr dks tksjnkj rjhds ls dg nsus dk gS fd jk"Vªfojks/kh gksuk vius vki esa dksbZ vijk/k ugha gSA vxj jk"Vªokn dh ifjHkk"kk gh bruh ladqfpr gks] ;fn mlesa vkykspuk dh dksbZ xqatkb'k gh u gks] ;fn og fujadq'krk ds lgkjs otwn esa gks] ;fn og cqf)fojks/kh gksuk gekjs fy, vfuok;Z t:jr rd cu tk,A blfy, gesa ;gk¡ dksbZ xyrh ugha djuh pkfg, % jkT;lRrk ds ,sls bLrseky dk mn~n's ; njvly Lora=rk ds lHkh igjsnkjksa vkSj jkT; ds lHkh dBksj vkykspdksa dks j{kkRed eqnzk esa /kdsyuk gSA bldk mn~ns'; ge lHkh dks jk"Vªnzksgh djkj nsuk gSA nq"Vrkiw.kZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ljdkj dh gjdrsa jktuSfrd :i ls csgwnk Hkh gSaA ladqfpr vFkksZa esa ns[ksa rks ;g neu ljdkj ds ,tsaMs dks iwjk djrk gS % yxkrkj jk"Vªokn ij cgl pykdj turk dks Hkzfer djuk vkSj mlesa /kqzohdj.k iSnk djuk( ftu laLFkkuksa dks ljdkj us ^^oke** djkj fn;k gS] muds f[kykQ vlarks"k dh jktuhfr dks [kqyh NwV ns nsukA ;g dke gkyk¡fd yach nkSM+ esa dbZ rjhdksa ls ljdkj dh fo'oluh;rk dks pksV igq¡pk,xkA vOoy rks ;g foi{k dks ,dtqV gksus dk ,d cgkuk ns nsxk ftldh mls l[r t:jr gSA vxj ljdkj yxkrkj ,slh izfr'kks/kiw.kZ dkjZokbZ dks tkjh j[krh gS] rks oSls Hkh og ns'k ds cM+s fgLls dks vius lkFk ysdj ugha py ik,xhA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha gksuk pkfg, fd laln dk ,d vkSj l= bl vfroknh izfrfØ;k dh HksaV p<+ tk,A tkfgj gS] foi{k ,slk djrk gS rks ;g mlds iwjs vf/kdkj {ks= esa gksxk D;ksafd vlgefr dks gYds esa ugha fy;k tk ldrkA vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh ds ekeys esa dkaxzsl vkSj okeiaFkh nyksa dk fiNyk fjdkMZ pkgs fdruk gh ?kfV;k D;ksa u jgk gks] ysfdu ;g muds fy, ubZ 'kq:vkr dk ,d ekSdk lkfcr gks ldrk gSA ,slk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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djrs oDr gkyk¡fd bUgsa ,d lcd ysus dh t:jr gksxhA dkaxzsl vkSj okeiaFkh vius cuk, lqjf{kr [kksy esa yacs le; ls yxkrkj Nqis jgs gSa vkSj neu ds mUgha dkuwuh vkStkjksa dk vkfo"dkj o bLrseky bUgksaus vrhr esa fd;k gS tks vkt chtsih T;knk dq'kyrk ls dj jgh gSA vlgefr dh jktuhfr dks blfy, voljokn dh jktuhfr ls eqDr fd;k tkuk gksxkA ;g neu ljdkj esa fu.kZ; {kerk ds ?kksj vHkko dks Hkh fn[kkrk gS] tgk¡ blds eaf=;ksa us Nk= jktuhfr ds nk;js esa ges'kk ls gh ekewyh jgh phtksa esa gok Hkjdj mlls ,d jk"Vªh; ladV dks tUe ns Mkyk gSA fo'ofo|ky; ds vkarfjd ekeyksa esa oSpkfjd vk/kkj ij ,chohih }kjk yxkrkj ljdkj dk n[ky vkeaf=r djuk Hkfo"; ds fy, 'kqHk ladsr ugha gSA blds pyrs gqvk ;g gS fd tks yksx Hkh okeekxhZ ugha Fks] os lHkh oke ds lkFk pyus dks etcwj gks x, gSaA ns'k ds ckSf)d okrkoj.k esa ts,u;w dh vgfe;r {kh.k gksrh tk jgh Fkh] ysfdu chtsih us nksckjk mlesa tku Qw¡d nh gSA chtsih dh okeiaFk dks ysdj tks vkykspuk jgh gS] ml izLFkku fcanq ls ns[ksa rks mlus vius gh ikys esa xksy nkx fn;k gSA ;g ?kVuk fn[kkrh gS fd chtsih ,d ,slh ikVhZ gS tks viuh cqfu;knh izo`fŸk;ksa dks nck ugha ldrh gS vkSj vlarks"k dh mldh VqPph jktuhfr mlds nh?kZdkfyd y{;ksa dks [kqn gh detksj dj nsrh gSA chtsih us chrs nks lky esa vius vuqHkoksa ls dqN ugha lh[kk gSA lfg".kqrk ij 'kq: gqbZ cgl vxj gj pht dks <d ysus dh vksj vxzlj gS] rks blfy, ugha fd chtsih ds f[kykQ dksbZ xgjk "kM~;= a jpk tkjgk gS cfYd blfy, D;ksfa d Lora=rk dk laj{k.k gh yksdra= dh jDrf'kjk gSA bl ekeys esa chtsih us vfr dj nh gSA chtsih ,d vkSj eghu ckr ugha le> ik jgh gSA og ;g] fd tc rd rkRdkfyd vkSj okLrfod fgalk dk dksbZ ekeyk u gks] fdlh yksdra= esa ^^jk"Vªfojksf/k;ks*a * dks nh xbZ fj;k;r yksdra= dks vkSj LoLFk gh cukrh gSA ,slk blfy,] D;ksafd vfHkO;fDr dh ljgnksa dks yka?kus okys O;fDr Hkh vxj fdlh yksdra= esa lqjf{kr gks]a rks ;g ckdh lHkh dks vglkl nsrk gS fd os Hkh egQwt gSaA Nk=ksa us tks dqN Hkh fd;k gks] og Hkkjr ds fy, mruk cM+k [krjk ugha gS] ftruk vktknh vkSj U;k;&fu.kZ; dk ;g uk'k gS ftldh uqekbanxh ljdkj dj jgh gSA ekuuh; eaf=;ksa dks ;g vglkl gksuk pkfg, fd ;g cgl vxj okdbZ jk"Vªokn ds ckjs esa gS rks dB?kjs esa ts,u;w dks ugha] [kqn mUgsa gksuk pkfg,A ,slk blfy,] D;ksafd yksdra= dks [krjk mUgksua s iSnk fd;k gS vkSj ;g d`R; lHkh d`R;ksa esa lcls T;knk jk"Vªfojks/kh gSA ¼bafM;u ,Dlizsl ls lkHkkj½ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fdruh Hkkjr ekrk\ &Hkkjr nkslh ;g vPNk gS fd eksnh ljdkj ds le; ,d ,sls fo"k; ij cgl gks jgh gS ftl fo"k; dks dHkh cgl ;ksX; ugha ekuk x;k&Hkkjr dks ekrk ekusa ;k ugha] ;g dHkh O;fDrxr ekeyk Fkk tks vc tksj&tcjnLrh dk gks x;k gSA lkewfgd Hkkouk txkdj bls lHkh ls ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* cksyokuk pkgrs gSAa vkj,l,l ds izeq[k eksgu Hkkxor us tokgj yky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa yxs dfFkr >wBs ukjksa vkSj mldh cukbZ xbZ ohfM;ks dks ns[kus ds ckn dgk fd ubZ ih<+h dks Hkkjr ekrk dh t; cksyuk fl[kkuk gksxk] rc ,0vkbZ0,e0vkbZ0,e0 ds v/;{k vlnqn~nhu vksoSlh us dgk dh esjh xnZu ij ryokj j[kdj dgksxs rc Hkh ugha cksyw¡xk ^Hkkjr ekrk fd t;*A gkyr rc T;knk xEHkhj gks x, tc egkjk"Vª esa ,0vkbZ0,e0vkbZ0,e0 ds fo/kk;d okfjl iBku ds ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* cksyus ls badkj dj nsus ij mUgsa loZlEefr ls ctV l= ls fuyfEcr dj fn;k x;kA ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* cksyus ;k ugha cksyus ij ns'kHkj esa cgl fNM+ xbZ gS] lks'ky ehfM;k ij rks ns'kHkfDr o ns'knzksgh tSls vkjksi yxus yxsA oSls Hkh okrkoj.k igys ls gh fo"kkDr gS&yo ftgkn] chQ] xksM~ls dh ns'kHkfDr] jksfgr oseqyk] dUgS;k dqekkj] vlfg".kqrk] cksyus dh vktknh vkfn ckrksa ds dkj.k yksx nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡V fn, x, gSa] fdlh dks Hkh dgha Hkh ns'knzksgh dg fn;k tkrk gS vkSj dgus okyk vius vki dks jk"VªHkDr cuk ysrk gSA pkgs og cykRdkjh] gR;kjk] Hkz"V] vijk/kh] ekfQ;k gh D;ksa u gksA gkyr c<+rs&c<+rs ;gk¡ rd igq¡p xbZ gS fd Hkkjr ekrk dh dbZ rjg dh Nfo;k¡ cukbZ tkus yxh gSaA vkj0,l0,l0 dh lkbVksa ij cus Hkxok /ot idM+s Hkkjr ekrk dks ekuus ls badkj djrs gq, dqN yksxksa us frjaxk idM+s xzkeh.k efgyk dks Hkkjr ekrk cuk;k rks dqN us frjaxk idM+s cqj[kk igus efgyk dks Hkkjr vEeh dgk] ogha dqN yksxksa us vkj0,l0,l0 okyh nsoh dks frjaxk idM+k fn;k vkSj Hkkjr ekrk crkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA oSfnd laLd`fr us xaxk dks ekrk ekuk vkSj vusd laLdkj blls tksM+ fn,] bldks laLd`fr dk fgLlk cuk fn;k ysfdu vkt xaxk dh gkyr ns[ksa rks nq%[k gksrk gS] ,sls gh xk; dks ekrk ekuk ysfdu mlds mUu;u] laj{k.k] lao)Zu ds fy, dqN ugha fd;kA xaxk o xk; ekrk ds fy, djksM+kas&vjcksa :i;ksa dk ctV dgk¡ x;k fdlh dks ugha irk] dgha ,slk u jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gks fd vc ;s ns'k dks ekrk dg jgs gSa vkSj vkxs ;g Hkh\ nqfu;kHkj esa Hkwfe dks fir`Hkwfe] ekr`Hkwfe dgus dk izpyu gS ;gk¡ rd fd vius ?kj ij Hkh yksx fir`Nk;k] ekr`Nk;k fy[kok ysrs gSa vkSj Hkhrj ekrk&firk jksVh ds fy, rM+irs gaS] p'esa dh MaMh yxokus ds fy, eghuksa xqgkj djrs jgrs gSaA ;gk¡ fpark ;g gS fd dgha ftl rjg ls t; Jhjke] jke&jke tSls izkphu mn~cks/ku dks lkEiznkf;d jax ns fn;k x;k ,sls gh Hkkjr ekrk dks Hkh dgh\ tc ge viuh ekr`Hkwfe dks Hkkjr ekrk dgrs gSa rks ;g vis{kk djrs gSa fd ge blds eku] lEeku dks cuk, j[kas] bl Hkwfe ij jgus okyk dksbZ Hkw[kk u jgs] lHkh ds ikl jkstxkj gks] lHkh ds ikl jksVh] diM+k o edku gksA] Hkkjr ekrk gjh&Hkjh iznw"k.k eqDr gks] blds lEeku dh j{kk ds fy, izR;sd csVk rS;kj jgsA lkekftd O;oLFkk Hkh fir`lRrkred u gksdj ekr`lRrkRed gks] ;g Hkh ftEesnkjh Hkkjr ekrk dh t; dgus okyksa dh gksuh pkfg,A oSls dqN cnyus okyk ugha gS D;ksafd Hkktik vkSj blds HkDrksa ds fy, ;g Hkh tqeyk gh gSA blesa Hkh flQZ jktuhfr gSA ;fn dksbZ ugh a iqdkj vdsys pyks vdsys pyks vdsys pyks] vdsys pyks] vdsys pyks ;fn rksj Mkd lqus dsm uk vkls rus ,dyk pyks jsA ,dyk pyks] ,dyk pyks] ,dyk pyks jsAA ;fn dksbZ ugha iqdkj] vdsys pyks vdsys pyksA vdsys pyks] vdsys pyks] vdsys ghA dksbZ Hkh uk ckr] vHkkxs vjs vHkkxs vks] eq[k ;fn lkjs gh] vHkkxs vjs vHkkxs vks] rks fQj rqe lkgc ls eq¡g [kksy viuh cksyks vdsys gh vdsys ghA lkjs gh tk,¡] vHkkxs vjs vHkkxs vks] iFk ij tkrh ckj u lkFkh gks dksbZ rS;kj& djsa cl dk¡Vs ygwyqgku mUgsa vdsys gh vdsys ghAA tys ugha ;fn nhi] vHkkxs vjs] vHkkxs vks] vk¡/kh&ikuh dh lHkh dj ysa njokts can& vfLFk iatj Nkrh ds tyk tyrs&tyrs gh jgks vdsys gh vdsys ghAA &johUnz ukFk VSx ksj jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ns'kHkDr cuke ns'knzkgs h &vkuUn Lo:Ik oekZ ,d Hk;kog ekgkSy fufeZr fd;k x;k gSA lewps ns'k dks nks [kkuksa esa ck¡Vus dh lkft'k py jgh gS&ns'kHkDr vkSj ns'knzkgs hA chp dh dksbZ txg ugha gSA dkuwu dh ifjHkk"kk cny nh xbZA vc rd ;g gksrk Fkk fd tc rd vki nks"kh u lkfcr dj fn, x, gks funks"Z k gSAa ysfdu vHkh fnYyh ds iqfyl dfe'uj cLlh us ,d ubZ ckr dgh fd vkidks idM+ fy;kx;k gSA vc vki lkfcr djsa fd funks"Z k gSAa 15 Qjojh dks ifV;kyk dksVZ gkml esa ftu odhyksa vkSj odhyksa dh iks'kkd esa ftu xqM a ksa us Nk= la?k ds v/;{k dUgS;k dks iqfyl dh ekStnw xh esa vnkyr ifjlj ds vanj ihVk mUgksua s dSejs ij nkok fd;k fd geus mls etcwj dj fn;k fd og Hkkjr ekrk dh t; cksyAs vxys fnu ^ns'kHkDrks*a ds ,d izn'kZu ds nkSjku ,d Vsyhfotu U;wt dh i=dkj dks izn'kZu dk usr`Ro djus okyksa us iwNs x, loky dk tokc nsus ds ctk; idM+ fy;k vkSj dgk fd Hkkjr ekrk dh t; cksyksA vxj vki ns'knzkgs h ugha gSa rks vkidks lkfcr djuk iM+x s k vkSj lcwr ds rkSj ij Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ;k oans ekrje~ cksyuk iM+x s kA 23 Qjojh dks ykrwj ¼egkjk"Vª½ esa ,d iqfyl lc baLisDVj dks blfy, cqjh rjg ihVk x;k D;ksfa d mlus Hkxok >aMs Qgjkus ls bUdkj fd;k vkSj mls izn'kZudkfj;ksa us rHkh NksMk+ tc mlus Hkxok >aMk Qgjk fn;kA vk, fnu bl rjg dh ?kVuk,¡ gks jgh gSa vkSj ;g lkjk dqN ljdkj vkSj iqfyl iz'kklu dh ukd ds uhps gks jgk gSA vlgefr dk nk;jk bl gn rd fldqM+ x;k gS fd vkidks ;g ?kksf"kr djuk iM+x s k fd vki lRrk ds lkFk gSa ;k lRrk ds f[kykQ gSAa dsna z esa eksnh ljdkj ds vkus ds ckn dh ;g cgqr cM+h miyfC/k gSA fnYyh ds tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa dqN lekt fojks/kh rRoksa us Hkkjr ds f[kykQ vkSj ikfdLrku ds leFkZu esa ukjs yxk,A izn'kZu ds ohfM;ks ns[kus ls lkQ irk pyrk gS fd diM+kas ls vius psgjs dks <ds gq, rdjhcu vkB ukS yksx ;s ukjs yxk jgs Fks ysfdu ns'knzkgs dk vkjksi yxkdj ogk¡ ds Nk= la?k ds v/;{k dUgS;k dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k tks bu iafDr;ksa ds fy[ks tkus rd tsy esa iM+k gSA ljdkj ds b'kkjs ij dke dj jgs dqN pSuyksa us ,d QthZ ohfM;ks tkjh fd;k ftlds vk/kkj ij iqfyl us lkjk ekeyk rS;kj fd;kA iwjs ns'k esa bu pSuyksa us vkSj [kkl rkSj ij th&U;wt us ,d ,slk mŸkstd jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ekgkSy cuk;k ftlls tusfo ds Nk=ksa dks [kyuk;d ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k tk ldsA fu'p; gh fo'ofo|ky; ds dqN Nk=ksa us vQty xq# dh Qk¡lh dh rhljh cjlh ij ,d dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;k Fkk ysfdu vQty xq# dh Qk¡lh ij loky mBkuk mfpr gS ;k xSj dkuwuh] bl ij ge vkxs fopkj djsxa As eq[; loky ;g gS fd tc ;g ckr lkeus vk xbZ fd dUgS;k ds dfFkr ukjs okyk ohfM;ks QthZ Fkk vkSj vlyh ohfM;ks esa dUgS;k fcYdqy vyx ukjs yxk jgk gS] blds ckn Hkh mls tsy esa D;ksa j[kk x;kA bruk gh ugha lkjh fLFkfr;k¡ lkQ gks tkus ds ckotwn Hkktik vkSj vkj,l,l ds usrk ckj&ckj bl >wB dks gh D;ksa nqgjk jgs gSa fd ts,u;w ds Nk=ksa us jk"Vª fojks/kh ukjs yxk,A vkf[kj D;k otg gS fd gSnjkckn dsna hz ; fo'ofo|ky; ds nfyr 'kks/k Nk= jksfgr oseqyk dh ¼vkRe½ gR;k ds ckn ns'k ds fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa vkSj [kkl rkSj ls ts,u;w esa ,d mFky&iqFky dk ekgkSy cuk\ jksfgr osey q k izdj.k us u dsoy dsna zh; ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=h Le`fr bZjkuh vkSj ,d vU; dsna zh; ea=h caMk: nŸkk=s; dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj fn;k cfYd Hkktik vkSj la?k usrR` o dh czkã.koknh lksp ls Hkh udkc gVk fn;kA bu nksuksa eaf=;ksa us gSnjkckn fo'ofo|ky; ds okbl pkalyj ij bruk ncko Mkyk fd mUgksua s jksfgr dh u dsoy Qsyksf'ki can dj nh cfYd mls fuyafcr Hkh dj fn;kA gj rjg ls viuk i{k j[kus ds ckn fujk'kk gkFk yxus ij jksfgr us vkRegR;k dk jkLrk pqukA ts,u;w ds Nk=ksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks Loj nsrs gq, dUgS;k us vius Hkk"k.k esa jksfgr dk ftØ djrs gq, tksjnkj 'kCnksa esa dgk Fkk ge ugha pkgrs fd ts,u;w esa Hkh dksbZ nwljk jksfgr vkRegR;k ds fy, etcwj gksA ;gk¡ ,d ckr vkSj /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd 10 yM+dksa ds ftl lewg us vQty xq# ls lacfa /kr vk;kstu fd;k Fkk mlesa dUgS;k 'kkfey ugha FkkA lkjs rF;ksa ls Li"V gks tk jgk gS fd dUgS;k dks lŸkk }kjk cfy dk cdjk cuk;k tk jgk gS rkfd ts,u;w ds f[kykQ eksnh ljdkj viuh ;kstukvksa dks ykxw dj ldsA ,slk dgus dk vk/kkj ;g gS fd vQty xq# ls lEcaf/kr ?kVuk 9 Qjojh 2016 dh gS ysfdu 8 uoEcj 2015 dks izdkf'kr jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k ds fganh eq[k i= ^ikaptU;* dh vkoj.k dFkk ns[kh tkuh pkfg, ftldk 'kh"kZd Fkk % ^ts,u;w % njkj dk x<+*A bl fjiksVZ esa foLrkj ls crk;k x;k gS fd fdl rjg ^ts,u;w uDlfy;ksa vkSj jk"Vª fojks/kh rRoks*a dk vM~Mk curk tk jgk gSA ys[k esa ,d txg dgk x;k gS fd ^ts,u;w dks okeiafFk;ksa dk x<+ dgk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks rksM& + ejksMd + j xyr rF;ksa ds lkFk izLrqr djuk ;gk¡ vke ckr gS----;gk¡ ds yksx reke rjg dh ns'kfojks/kh ckrksa dh odkyr djrs gSAa ;gk¡ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ds ^cqf) ds fgeky;ks*a dks flQZ ,d gh ckr le>kbZ vkSj ?kqVV~ h esa fiykbZ tkrh gS fd dSls Hkkjrh; laLd`fr] jkT;&lcdh leL;k,¡ vdYiuh; :i ls fHkUu gSa vkSj dsna z ljdkj ds izfr bu jkT;ksa esa jgus okys yksxksa ds utfj, esa fHkUurk gksuk ykfteh gSA ftEesnkj dksbZ Hkh gks] ysfdu ;g ,d lPpkbZ gS fd d'ehj fiNys 60 lky ls v'kkar gSA ogk¡ vkradokn Hkh gS vkSj vkEMZ QkslZt s Lis'ky ikWolZ ,DV ¼vk¶lik½ dh otg ls tcjnLr neu Hkh gSA ljdkjh vkSj xSj ljdkjh vk¡dM+kas ds vuqlkj 8 ls 10 gtkj ,sls yksxksa dh lwph gS tks ykirk gSAa ogk¡ ^v)Zfo/kok* uke ls gtkjksa efgykvksa dk ,d ,slk rcdk gS ftudks ;g irk ugha gS fd muds ifr] ftUgsa iqfyl ;k lsuk ?kj ls mBkdj ys xbZ] os thfor gSa ;k ekj fn, x, gSAa bl rjg ds ifjokj fujarj ng'kr esa ftnaxh xqtkjrs gSAa ef.kiqj esa vk¶lik gVk, tkus dh ek¡x dks ysdj bjkse 'kfeZyk 15 o"kksaZ ls Hkw[k gM+rky ij gSAa vc ls dqN o"kZ iwoZ lsuk ds tokuksa us euksjek uked ;qorh dk cykkRdkj fd;k vkSj fQj gR;k dj nhA bl ?kVuk ds fojks/k esa ef.kiqj dh efgykvksa us jkt/kkuh baQky esa lsuk eq[;ky; ds lkeus fuoZL= gksdj izn'kZu fd;k vkSj muds gkFk esa tks cSuj Fkk ml ij fy[kk Fkk ^Hkkjrh; lsuk vkvks gekjk cykRdkj djksA* vc dYiuk dfj, fd vxj bu bykdksa dk dksbZ ukStoku ts,u;w esa vkdj f'k{kk izkIr dj jgk gS rks Hkkjr ljdkj ds izfr mldk utfj;k fdlh Hkh gkyr esa og ugha gks ldrk tks ;wih] fcgkj ;k e/; izn's k ds fdlh Nk= dk gksxkA ,sls esa D;k ge mls [kqydj viuh ckr j[kus ;k laokn dk okrkoj.k cuk, j[kus dh dksf'k'k ugha djsx a \s vkf[kj fo'ofo|ky; gksrs fdlfy, gS!a ts,u;w vius mUeqDr okrkoj.k ds fy, lcls T;knk tkuk tkrk gS vkSj blfy, Hkh tkuk tkrk gS fd ;gk¡ ds es/kkoh Nk= rh[kh cglksa vksj fopkj&foe'kksZa ls xqtjus ds ckn og ifjiDork gkfly dj lds gSa fd os vkt ns'k ds vR;ar egRoiw.kZ iz'kklfud inksa ij Hkh dq'kyrk ds lkFk dke dj jgs gSAa ,sls esa dsoy vQty xq# ;k edcwy cV dh Qk¡lh ds eqn~ns ij fopkj&foe'kZ djus dh ltk ds rkSj ij ns'knzkgs dk eqdnek pykuk vkSj fQj ;g dguk fd dqN fufgr LokFkhZ rRo vlfg".kqrk dk uke ysdj ljdkj dks cnuke dj jgs gSa D;k vthc ugha yxrkA 2003 esa laln ij geys ds ,d vU; vfHk;qDr ,l0,0vkj0 fxykuh dh fjgkbZ dh ek¡x djrs gq, tks vf[ky Hkkjrh; desVh cuh Fkh mldh v/;{krk Hkkjr ds e'kgwj jktuSfrd fpard izk-s jtuh dksBkjh dj jgs FksA bl lfefr ds vU; lnL; Fks izHkk"k tks'kh] lqjnas eksgu] v#.kk jk;] uafnrk gDlj] lat; dkd] v#a/kfr jk; vkfnA bl fMQsl a desVh us tks eksckby iksLVj izn'kZuh dh Fkh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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mldk mn~?kkVu iwoZ iz/kkuea=h fo'oukFk izrki flg us fd;k FkkA ;g ml O;fDr ds fy, tks laln ij geys dk vfHk;qDr FkkA D;k dYiuk dj ldrs gSa fd ekStnw k ljdkj bls cnkZ'r dj ikrhA D;k ftu ukeksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS mudks ns'knzkgs h eku fy;k tk;\ loky fQj ogh gS fd vkf[kj bl eqnn~ s ij ljdkj us bruh vlaons u'khyrk D;ksa fn[kkbZ\ D;ksa blus bl eqnn~ s dks ysdj iwjs ns'k esa jk"Vªokn dk ,d ,slk mUekn QSyk;k fd yksx ,d nwljs dh tku ds nq'eu utj vkus yxsA D;ksa bl mUekn dks QSykus esa mlus vius leFkZd ehfM;k dks bruh cs'kehZ ds lkFk yxk fn;k\ ;s loky vkt ds Toyar loky gSAa njvly ujsUnz eksnh ds lRrk esa vkus ds ckn jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k dks ;g fn[kkbZ nsus yxk Fkk fd 2025 rd mldk Hkkjr dks fgUnw jk"Vª cukus dk liuk iwjk gks tk,xkA ysfdu lc dqN vc ,d mYVh fn'kk esa tkrk gqvk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA Hkkjr esa Qklhokn dk Lo:Ik og ugha gks ldrk tks ;wjksi esa FkkA ;gk¡ fganqRooknh 'kfDr;k¡ ftl lkaLd`frd jk"Vªokn dk ukjk nsdj /kqzohdj.k ds iz;kl esa yxh Fkha ml ij ml le; czd s yx x;k tc ifjfLFkfr;ksa us nfyrksa rFkk oke turkaf=d 'kfDr;ksa dks ,d nwljs ds djhc yk fn;kA Hkkjr esa euqoknh o.kZ O;oLFkk fuf'pr :i ls lcls cM+k vfHk'kki gS ysfdu vkt ;g o.kZ O;oLFkk gh Qklhokn dks jksdus dk dke djus tk jgh gSA bl o.kZ O;oLFkk us gh nfyrksa dks ml fLFkfr rd igq¡pk fn;k fd os viuh vfLerk ds izfr ltx gq, vkSj mUgsa ;g eglwl gksus yxk fd mudh fe= 'kfDr;k¡ dkSu gks ldrh gSAa Hkkjr dk oke vkanksyu bls igpkuus esa ,sfrgkfld Hkwy djrk jgk gS ftldk [kkfe;ktk Hkh og Hkqxr jgk gSA jksfgr osey q k izdj.k ds ckn bl ,drk dh izfØ;k esa xq.kkRed <ax ls fodkl gqvk gSA czkã.koknh opZLo vkSj euqoknh laLd`fr dh iks"kd rkdrksa dks eglwl gksus yxk gS fd egt /keZ vkSj lkaLd`frd jk"Vªokn ds uke ij os viuk izHkqRo LFkkfir ugha dj ldrhaA ,sls esa jk"Vªokn gh og midj.k gS ftldks vktek;k tkuk ckdh gSA vc bldh vktekb'k 'kq: gks xbZ gSA vc lkjk ekeyk jk"Vªoknh vkSj jk"Vª fojks/kh ds chp /kqzohdj.k dk ekeyk gks x;k gSA vxj vki va/kjk"Vªoknh ugha gSa rks jk"Vª fojks/kh gSa vkSj vkidh txg tsy esa gSA ;g ekufldrk cukbZ tk jgh gSA ,sls esa mu lkjs dsna kz as dks&pkgs og ts,u;w gks] gSnjkckn fo'ofo|ky; gks] vkbZvkbZVh gks&tgk¡ [kqys laokn vkSj foe'kZ ds tfj, fopkjksa dk nk;jk c<+k;k tk lds mUgsa vc vius vad'q k esa ysus dh t:jr gSA ;g ,d [krjukd izof` Ÿk gS ftlds urhts fdrus Hk;adj gksx a ]s dYiuk djuk eqf'dy gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jk"Vªh; fodkl dk ypj vkSj Hkzked vk/kkj jk"Vªh; vk; o`f) &dey u;u dkcjk vHkh dqN eghuksa igys iwjs ns'k ds fy, lkekftd&vkfFkZd&tkrh; tux.kuk ds xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds vk¡dM+s ljdkj }kjk tkjh fd, x, FksA iwjs ns'k esa gj ?kj ij nLrd nsdj ;s tkudkfj;k¡ tqVkbZ xbZ FkhaA bl izdkj dh tkudkjh 'kk;n gh fdlh nwljs lzkrs ls gkfly djds lk>h dh xbZ gksA bl izdkj vusd vk¡[kksa [kksyus okys] pkSd a kus okys rF; lkeus vk, gSAa buls gekjs djhc lkr yk[k xk¡oksa dh orZeku lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk irk pyrk gSA ;gk¡ ge ns'k ds 88 djksM+ xzkeh.k ukxfjdksa dh ekfld vkenuh ds vk¡dM+kas dh ppkZ djsx a As buds tfj;s ns'k ds fodkl dk ,d [kkdk fn[kkbZ ns ldrk gSA ;g tux.kuk fn[kkrh gS fd gekjs xk¡oksa ds 65 djksM+ yksx ,sls ifjokjksa esa jgrs gSa tgk¡ fdlh Hkh ,d lnL; dh ekfld vk; ik¡p gtkj #i;ksa ls vf/kd ugha gSA bruh de vkenuh okys xk¡ookfl;ksa dk ;g vuqikr yxHkx rhu&pkSFkkbZ gSA lu~ 1951 esa djhc 36 djksM+ Hkkjrh;ksa esa 30 djksM+ xk¡oksa esa cls gq, FksA ml oDr ds vk¡dM+s n'kkZrs gSa fd 1956&57 esa 17-3 djksM+ xzkeh.kksa dk okf"kZd miHkksx [kpZ izfr O;fDr 200 :i;s okf"kZd ds djhc FkkA ;g [kpZ 1961 esa izpfyr dherksa ij vk¡dk x;k FkkA rc fo'ks"kKksa dk vkdyu Fkk fd U;wure vko';d izfrO;fDr izfro"kZ [kpZ djhc 240 :i;s gksuk pkfg,A Li"V gS fd 17 djksM+ yksxksas dk [kpZ Lrj U;wure vko';drk ls de ns[kk x;k FkkA ;g izfr O;fDr nSfud [kpZ djhc 67 iSls cSBrk gSA bl rjg ,d fo'kky tuleqnk; ?kksj vHkkoksa ls tw> jgk FkkA vusd lfn;ksa dh fujad'q k jkt'kkfg;ksa vkSj funZ; lkezkT;oknh 'kks"kdksa }kjk Hkkjrh;ksa dh nqnZ'kk dk ;g ,d [kkl laf{kIr ladrs ekuk tk ldrk gSA mi;qDZ r thou&n'kk ds lUnHkZ esa vktkn Hkkjr us jk"Vªh; fodkl ;kstukvksa dk nkSj 'kq: fd;kA lafo/kku esa Lohd`r] taxs vktknh ds nkSjku mn~Hkkflr mn~n's ;ksa dks utj esa j[krs gq, jk"Vªh; fodkl ds rgr mPp] vPNs thou&Lrj lekurk] vf/kdka'k yksxksa dks jkstxkj] izknsf'kd lUrqyu rFkk vk/kqfud thou dh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ls ySl djus dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k x;kA HkwriwoZ lkezkT;'kkgh vkSj vius dks fodflr jk"Vª ?kksf"kr djus okys if'peh ns'kksa us Hkkjr ds vfHktkr yksxksa vkSj lEiUu dkWjiksjVs ?kjkuksa dks fodkl dk drkZ&/krkZ ekurs gq, muds lkeus vius&vki jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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dks fodkl dh izfrewfrZ ds :i esa LFkkfir dj j[kk FkkA mUgksua s la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds lkfUu/; esa bu if'peh ns'kksa rFkk vfHktkr rcdksa ds ncncs vkSj izHkko esa izfrO;fDr jk"Vªh; vk; dh o`f) dks fodkl dk ldkjkRed i;kZ; ekukA blds fy, cpr] fuos'k rFkk uohu mUur if'peh rduhdksa okys m|ksxksa rFkk muds v/kksioz kfgr vlj ds tfj;s cktkj dh dk;Zfof/k ds rgr futh rFkk lkoZtfud m|eksa dh pj.kc) fodkl ;kstukvksa dk vxznrw cuk;k x;kA nl izfr'kr ls de dh cpr rFkk fuos'k nj dks vke rkSj ij rhl izfr'kr ds bnZ&fxnZ ys tkdj vkSj mlesa /kuh ns'kksa ls dtksaZ }kjk btkQk djds u;s m|ksxksa vkSj vk/kkjHkwr lsokvks]a lqfo/kkvksa dk rM+dk yxk;k x;kA jk"Vªh; vk; dh o`f)&nj vc rd dh vHkwriwoZ Åpkb;k¡ Nwus yxhaA la{ksi es]a lu~ 1950 ls ysdj lu~ 2012&13 rd Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; ekSfnzd vk; yxHkx ,d gtkj xq.kk Å¡ps Lrj rd vk xbZA lp gS ;g c<+r pkyw cktkj dherksa ij vk¡dh xbZ gSA okLrfod] fLFkr dherksa ij c<+h vk; esa [ksrh dh vk; dk vuqikr 15 izfr'kr rd vk x;k vkSj lsokvkas dks 63 izfr'kr] fdUrq ;g c<+r vaxt zs h jkt ds vkf[kjh ipkl lkyksa ds eqdkcys ¼tc vk/kqfud m|ksxksa vkSj futh dEiuh {ks= us dkQh c<+h gqbZ xfrfof/k;k¡ ns[kh½ cgqr 'kkunkj izrhr gksrh gS&dher&LQhfr ds mNky ds ckotwnA lu~ 1990 ds ckn jktdh; fu;a=.kksa vkSj fons'kh vkfFkZd lac/a kksa ij yxh cafn'kksa dks lekIr djds iwjh rjg [kqyh rFkk cktkjk/kkfjr vkfFkZd izfØ;kvksa dk ,d uomnkjoknh ;qx eq[;r% jk"Vªh; vk; dh xfr rst djus ds fy, 'kq: fd;k x;kA ekuoh; psgjk vks<u+ s ds yksd fn[kkÅ mik;ksa ds lkFk vkfFkZd c<+r nj us o`f) ds u;s izfreku LFkkfir fd,A bl nkSjku xjhch fujkdj.k ds Hkh vusd yksd&jatu dk;ZØe ykxw fd, x,A eq[; :i ls yksdrkaf=d] oksV&izc/a ku ds rgrA mi;qDZ r ifjiz{s ; esa lu~ 2012&13 dh tux.kuk ds Åij fn[kk, x, vk¡dM+s ,d vR;Ur xEHkhj lUns'k@psrkouh nsrs gSAa vHkh 'kgjh Hkkjr ds vk¡dM+kas dk [kqyklk gksuk ckdh gSA bu rF;ksa dk tkfrokj foHkktu Hkh vHkh rd izdkf'kr ugha fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr esa xk¡oksa vkSj 'kgjksa ds chp vusd izdkj ds yxkrkj tkjh rkYyqdkrksa ds etcwr lsrq cus gq, gSAa 'kgjh yksxksa dh vkSlr vk; xk¡oksa ds vkSlr ls pkj xq.kk T;knk gSA xk¡oksa dh fnDdrsa vkSj izkfIr;k¡ 'kgjksa dh fLFkfr vkSj miyfC/k;k¡ vyx&vyx djds ns[kuk ,dkaxh gksrk gSA fQj Hkh ;s ckrsa vkSj miyC/k rF; dqN xEHkhj fpUrkizn gkykr dh vksj iq[rk jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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rFkk Vdlkyh /;ku [khaprh gSAa ,d ckr tks fnu dh jks'kuh dh rjg Li"V gksrh gS og ;g gS fd jk"Vªh; vk; dh nh?kZdkfyd rFkk mYys[kuh; c<+r Hkh vketu ds fodkl vkSj mudh csgrjh dk u rks dksbZ izek.k ;k urhts fn[kk ikrh gS vkSj u gh lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds lrr&ldkjkRed&lerkdkjh fodkl dk jkg iz'kLr dj ldh gSA Li"V gS fd vkfFkZd&lkekftd&jktuSfrd&lkaLd`frd lefUor ifjorZu] vFkkZr~ lexz fodkl tc rd vketu dks lkf/kdkj lerke; lokZx a h.k Hkkxhnkjh ugha ns ik;s] os u rks lrr vkSj u gh ldkjkRed ifjorZu gks ldrs gSAa lu~ 1956&57 dh xk¡oksa dh vkcknh ls ik¡p xq.kk T;knk yksx yxHkx lkr n'kdksa dh vkfFkZd o`f) :ih rFkkdfFkr fodkl ds ckotwn yxHkx 1956&57 dh lh gkyr esa vVds iM+s gSAa bl o`f) ds lkFk fuos'k] dherks]a 'kgjhdj.k] mPp 'kgjh oxZ ds fy, f'k{kk] LokLF; vkS|ksfxd mRiknu] dtksaZ dh ek=k] fons'kh ysu&nsu vkfn esa cgqr T;knk c<+r ns[kh xbZ gSA fdUrq rc ls vc rd vke x¡obZ vkneh Hkh vkSlr okLrfod vkenuh esa ceqf'dy pUn iSlksa dh okLrfod Ø; {kerk ds :i esa c<+r gks ikbZ gSA ;gh ugha bl tux.kuk ds ns'kO;kih] jkT; rFkk ftyk&Lrjh; vk¡d a M+s vke tu lqfo/kkvksa rFkk xk¡oks]a [ksrh] dqVhj m|ksxks]a vukSipkfjd vlaxfBr {ks=ksa dh mRiknd rFkk dY;k.kdkjh mik;ks& a lqfo/kkvksa dh ?kksj mis{kk dh nq%[kn nkLrk¡ dgrs gSAa vf/kdka'k fuos'k fo'kky futh dEifu;ksa rFkk izfrf"Br vfHktkr rcdksa rd lhfer jgk gSA jkT; dj&jktLo mxkgus esa Hkkjr leku vkSj led{k ns'kksa esa lcls fiNM+kas dh drkj esa vkrk gSA ns'k esa gj lky lok djksM+ dk;Z{ks= esa 'kkfey gksus dks rRij mez okyksa dk NksVk&lk Hkkx vkthfodk dk lk/ku ikus esa l{ke gks ikrk gSA nqfu;k esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk ns'k gks tks ;qok&oxZ dh ,slh ?kksj mis{kk esa gels cnrj gkyr esa gksA pUn lSdM+k U;wure Lrj ds jkstxkjksa ds fy, Hkh yk[kks& a yk[k vk'kkfUor ;qodksa dk lSykc meM+ iM+rk gSA ;gh lgh gS fd ;fn geus fodkl dh ftl ldkjkRed] lexz vo/kkj.kk dh rjQ b'kkjk fd;k gS ml fn'kk esa c<+s rks ;g cnyko vkt u dsoy vko';d gh gS] cfYd lEHko Hkh gSA dsoy gekjs ;gk¡ mPp f'k[kj ij tes cSBs thjks n'keyo ,d izfr'kr ls de yksxksa dh yksHk&ykyp&vijk/kh xfrfof/k;ksa esa fyIrrk ds dkj.k ge 99-9 izfr'kr yksxksa ds thou esa fo"k ?kksy jgs gSAa gk¡] njE;kuh rcds ds dqN yksx bl fLFkfr esa vius dks r`Ir vkSj /kU; eglwl dj jgs gSAa lh/kh&lh ckr gS ;fn lPpk] tuksUeq[k fodkl izkIr djus dh fn'kk esa Hkh ge dqN Hkh vkxs c<+s rks th Mh ih eas cgqr btkQk gksxkA og jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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o`f) lqfodkl dk izfrfcEc vkSj vuqdy w urhtk gksxkA vkt 'kklu] lRrk] lEink vkSj lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dks viuh daM q yh esa nck;s rcds vkSj oxZ ;g nq'izpkj dj jgs gSa fd th Mh ih o`f) ds QyLo:Ik ge lPps jkejkT; dh vksj c<+ tk,¡xAs ;gh vkt ds tekus ds Lo.kZe`x dh nq[knk;h =kln [kkst gSA Hkkjr dks bl Hkze ls NqV~Vh ikuh gksxhA ,d vfry?kq rcds ds yksxksa us ekuo&tkfr vkSj fo'o leqnk; dh lkjh lQyrkvksa vkSj fu;kerksa dks viuh rqPN r`".kkvksa vkSj ykyp&yksHk dk tfj;k cuk fy;k gSA ;g th Mh ih o`f) dh Å¡ph nj vkSj Å¡ps Lrj dks viuh lQyrk vkSj miyfC/k;ksa vkSj izkfIr;ksa dk ifj.kke ;k izfrQy crkrs gSAa os yksx ikjl iRFkj ds Li'kZ tSlh iwoZ 'krZ crkdj ,d Lof.kZe Hkfo"; ds /kks[ks ls nqfu;k dks cjxyk jgs gSAa ge vkSj gekjs usrk vkSj nkfu'k rcds lHkh bl >k¡ls ds f'kdkj gks x, gSAa vc Hkh oDr gS ge lPpkbZ dks igpkusAa loky gS th Mh ih rks c<+h gSA dy&dkj[kkuksa vkSj [ksrks& a [kfygkuksa ls T;knk mRiknu rks feyk gSA lsokvksa dh miyfC/k Hkh c<+h gSA cpr] fuos'k] mRiknd dtZ vkfn Hkh c<+s gSAa cM+h la[;k esa vuqikru csjkstxkjh c<+us ds ckotwn igys ls T;knk yksx jkstxkjksa esa yxs gq, gSAa dgk¡ x;k ;g mRiknu] ;g vkenuh] ;s Bksl vkSj foŸkh; ifjlEifRr;k¡\ ns[kuk gksxk bu o`f)dkeh dkeksa ds drkZ&/krkZ dkSu Fks\ mudks lalk/ku dgk¡ ls feys\ cpr] fuos'k] uokpkj fdlus fd;k vkSj izfrQy dkSu ys x;k\ lu~ 1947 rd jktk&jtokM+kas vkSj tehankjksa ds vykok O;kikfj;ks& a O;olkf;;ks& a dEiuh pykus okyksa vk/kqfud m|ksx&/kU/ks yxkus&pykus okyksa ds ikl foŸkh; lalk/kuksa vkSj lk/kkj.k ls lkekU; vuqHkoksa dh ek=k ,d NksVh&lh lhek rd miyC/k FkhA jkT; ds laxfBr ukSdj'kkgksa dh Hkh vPNh&[kklh tekr FkhA foŸkh; laLFkkuksa esa Hkh vk/kqfudrk vkSj laxfBr dk;Z&iz.kkyh nLrd ns pqdh FkhA cM+h fdlkuh vkSj pk;&dkWQh&jcj vkfn ds ckxku Hkh 'kq: gks pqds FksA jkT; us jsyksa dk tky fcNk;k FkkA lapkj dh O;oLFkk Hkh 'kgjks& a dLcksa rd igqp ¡ pqdh FkhA if'peh rtZ dh f'k{kk ik, yksxksa dh la[;k dkQh de vuqikr esa FkhA Hkkjr dks ;g crk;k x;k&if'pe ds gekjs dy rd ds ekfydks& a vkdkvksa ds }kjk tSlh izxfr vkSj m|ksx /ka/kksa dh rjDdh geus gkfly dh gS] xjhc] Hkkjr tSls vU; fodflr] LFkfxr o`f) ds f'kdkj ns'k Hkh dj ldrs gSAa ge ls O;kikfjd vkfFkZd&foŸkh; fj'rs tksMs+ jgks vkSj gekjh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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izxfr ;k=k dh vuqdf` r djks&mUgas vius ;gk¡ ykxw djksA blh jkLrs pydj&gekjh udy djds&gekjh enn ysdj xjhc eqYd Hkh vk/kqfud fodkl dh Å¡pkb;k¡ Nw ldrs gSAa jkT; dk dke Hkh ,sls fodkl dks vkxs c<+kuk gSA Hkkjr us bl fodkl ds jkLrs dks viuk;k&mls rduhdh :i esa vMkIV fd;k&;Fkkor~ ;k yxHkx ;Fkkor~A fdUrq mlds drkZ&/krkZvksa dh tekr dks jktdh; dy&dkj[kkuksa vkSj laLFkkuksa dks dqN lkekftd fu;eu ykxw djds laxfBr dEifu;ksa dks Hkh vkxs c<+us vkSj th Mh ih c<+kus ds volj] lalk/ku] izkRs lkgu fn,A [ksrh] dqVhj m|ksxks]a dLcks& a xk¡oksa ds yksxksa vkfn dh rqyukRed Hkwfedk gYdh j[kh xbZA fodkl dh xkM+h ds batu dEifu;k¡ cuha&ljdkjh vkSj futhA ckdh lcdks bl xkM+h ds ihNs ds fMCcs ds :i esa j[kk x;kA ;gk¡ rd fd fuos'k] fuos'k&izkRs lkgu] rduhdh izxfr rFkk vk/kkjHkwr mRiknd rFkk ukxfjd lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lsokvkas esa Hkh fodkl ds th Mh ih o`f) esa igys ls gh vxM+s rcdks dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZA fiNM+kas dks o`f)&jFk esa tksMk+ gh ugha x;kA f'k{kk] LokLF;] ikuh] fctyh] lM+d] tehu dh xq.koRrk esa lq/kkj] ckxuh [ksrh esa lq/kkj] NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, flapkbZ O;oLFkk] i'kq/ku] taxyksa vkfn esa lq/kkj vkSj fodsfUnzr fodkl dh ?kksj vogsyuk dh xbZA dEifu;ksa ds fons'kh ysu&nsu dks] mPp f'k{kk izkIr lhfer yksxksa dks vkxs c<+us ds ekSds nsus esa vfr mnkjrk cjrh xbZA Bhd blh rjg cgql[a ;d fiNM+kas dh ?kksj mis{kkA tehu ds lekurkiwoZd forj.k rFkk vfr&dsUnz.k dks ?kVkus ds okns fd, x, tks FkksFks lkfcr gq,A xjhch ?kVkus ds dk;ZØe egt [kkuk&iwfrZ jgsA muls xjhch dh tM+kas ij geyk djuk rks nwj lHkh xjhcksa dks ;Fkk'kh?kz ykHkkfUor rd ugha fd;k x;kA ns'kh /kfudksa ls dj olwyh ugha c<+k;h tk ldhA ge fons'kh dtZ ds tky esa Q¡lrs x,&[kkldj vk;] lEifRr] lEeku vkSj vf/kdkjksa ds vfrlhfer yksxksa ds gkFk esa vkSj vf/kd tek djrs jgus vkSj dkyh nks uEcjh vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk foykflrkiw.kZ miHkksx dks c<+kus ds dkj.kA geus 2012&13 dh tux.kuk ds 'keZlkj djus okys rF;ksa dk mYys[k djds bl dqfodkl dk ,d fp= is'k fd;k gSA gekjk fod`r fodkl&foe'kZ bl fLFkfr ds fy, dkQh cM+h ftEesnkjh dk nks"kh gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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;g Hkkjrekrk dkSu gS\ a &lqeu ds'kjh bu fnuksa yxHkx QVdkj ds lkFk] fgalkRed <ax ls dqN yksx] HkhM++ dk :i ysdj Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ds ukjs yxkrs] cM+& s cM+s MaMksa ij >aMk Qgjkrs] Vhoh ds LØhuksa ij vdlj fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA bUgsa ns[kdj ckdh yksxksa esa Hkkjrekrk ds izfr J)k dk Hkko de] viuh lqj{kk ds fy, vksV gks tkus dk Hkko T;knk fn[kkbZ iM+ jgk gSA ;s os utkjs ugha gS fd dksbZ vdsyk py iM+k gks] yksx feyrs tk jgs gksa] vkSj dkjoka c<+rk tk jgk gks&tSlk fd bl ukjs dk bfrgkl gesa crkrk gSA os fnu chrs gq, Hkh vHkh T;knk vjlk ugha gqvk gSA fdlh ns'k ds] jk"Vª ds bfrgkl esa 65&70 lky dksbZ cgqr yack le; ugha gSA Hkkjr dh [kkst esa tokgjyky usg: us rhljs v/;k; ^n DosLV ¼[kkst½* esa Hkkjr ekrk 'kh"kZd ls gh ,d NksVk&lk mi&v/;k; fy[kk gSA ge lc tkurs gSa fd iafMr th us 1944 esa vgenuxj tsy esa canh jgrs gq, ;g iqLrd fy[kh FkhA mUgksua s ns'kHkj esa fdlkuksa dh lHkk esa Hkkjr ekrk dh t; dk ukjk lquus ds ckn muls gh tkuuk pkgk Fkk fd ftl Hkkjr ekrk dh t; dk ukjk os yksx yxkrs gS]a og Hkkjr ekrk gS dkSu\ tkfgj&lh ckr gS fd muesa ls vf/kdka'k /kjrh dks Nwdj crkrs fd ;g Hkkjr ekrk gSaA os [ksrksa] ufn;ks]a igkM+ka& s taxyksa dks Hkkjr ekrk crkrs vkSj rc usg: dgrs fd] ^gk¡] ;s Hkkjr ekrk rks gSa ijarq vlyh Hkkjr ekrk vki vkSj ge gS]a os tks bl fo'kky Hkw[kaM ij djksMk+ as dh rknkn esa ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ rd QSys gq, gSa vkSj Hkkjr ekrk dh t; dk eryc gS bu lcdh&vkidh vkSj esjh t;A vki bl Hkkjr ekrk ds vax gS]a ,d rjg ls vki gh Hkkjr ekrk gSa----vkSj /khjs&/khjs tc ;g ckr mUgsa le> esa vkrh rks mudh vk¡[ksa ped mBrha] xks;k mUgksua s dksbZ cgqr cM+k jgL; [kkst fudkyk gksA Vh-oh- LØhu ij xjtrh&QqQdkjrh] Mjkrh&/kedkrh ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* dh xtZuk djrh gqbZ mUeknh HkhM+ vkSj muds usrkvksa dks ns[krs gq,] eq>s bu fnuksa yxkrkj usg: dh Hkkjr ekrk ;kn vkrh gSAa D;k QdZ gS usg: vkSj ml le; Lora=rk dh yM+kbZ yM+rs usrkvksa vkSj vkt ds bu Lo;aHkw usrkvksa dh Hkkjrekrk dh vo/kkj.kk esa\ oSls rks bu fnuksa Hkh nks jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk dk leFkZu djus okyksa esa ls ,d dh Hkkjrekrk dh vo/kkj.kk ogh Fkh] tks vkt bl enekrh HkhM+ dks gk¡d jgs gSa] ij ge lc tkurs gSa fd jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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mldk gJ D;k gqvk FkkA fo?kVu ds ?kko vHkh rd Hkj ugha ik, gSaA fdlh u fdlh cgkus ihc vkSj [kwu cgus gh yxrk gSA ij ,slk D;ksa gks jgk gS fd vc Hkh yksx psr ugha jgsA ;g njvly jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk ls lh/ks&lh/ks tqMu+ s okyk loky gSA jk"Vª ds vlyh gdnkj dkSu\ os lHkh] tks pkgs fdlh Hkh /keZ ds gksa ;k tkfr ds] L=h gksa ;k iq#"k] dksbZ Hkh Hkk"kk cksyrs&cjrrs gksa] vehj gksa ;k xjhc] ns'k ds chpks&chp jgrs gksa ;k lhekorhZ izkra ksa esa&D;k Hkkjr ekrk dh bl fgalkiw.kZ vo/kkj.kk esa lc 'kkfey gSa\ ml mUeknh HkhM+ dks tks ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* ds ukjs yxkrh] ns'k dh djhc 20 izfr'kr xSj fganw vkcknh dks nwj [knsM+ nsuk pkgrh gS] tks cgql[a ;d lksp ds cjvDl fdlh Hkh vU; lksp vkSj eqgkojs dks ijk;k djkj nsrh gks] D;k lpeqp Hkkjr ek¡ dks I;kj djrh gS\ ;fn ,slk gksrk rks og HkhM+ ,d iy Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ds ukjs yxkus ds ckn Hkkjr ekrk dh lEifRr;ksa dks rksM& + tyk u jgh gksrh] vkSjrks& a yM+fd;ksa ls cnlywdh u dj jgh gksrh! tks yksx viuh ek¡xksa dks euokus ds fy, csfgpd jsy dh iVfj;k¡ m[kkM+rs gS]a jkLrk tke djrs gSa] edku] nqdku] dkj[kkus] okgu tyk djds gtkjks& a djksM+ dh lEifRr Qw¡d] Hk; dk ekgkSy rS;kj djrs gSa] vkSj Ldwyksa] gkWLVyksa esa ?kqldj] clks& a xkfM+;ksa ls [khap dj fL=;ksa ls cnlywdh djrs gSAa D;k os lp esa Hkkjr ekrk dks ekurs gSa\ D;k os lp esa fdlh Hkh vkSjrtkr ds izfr laons u'khy gSa\ ugha os vk¡[k ewandj dsoy vius opZLo dks c<+kus ds mik; dj jgs gSa] ftlesa cgqla[;d mPpo.khZ] mPpoxhZ; iq#"k gh 'kkfey gSAa Hkkjr ekrk dh bl vo/kkj.kk esa u xjhc fdlku&etnwj gSa] u nfyr] u vkfnoklh vkSj u gh vkSjrsaA os vkSjrsa Hkh ugha] tks bu iq#"kksa ds /keZ dh] oxZ dh] o.kZ dh gSaA D;ksafd Hkys gh os Hkkjr jk"Vª dks ^ekrk* dgsa] nqxkZ dk uke ckj&ckj ysa] ij mudh ekrk dh vo/kkj.kk ,d ok;oh; vo/kkj.kk gS] njvly og buds jDrfiiklq fpŸk dk gh fu:i.k gS] u og ekrk gS] u nqxkZ! lp rks ;g gS fd og bu laKkvksa dk vFkZ gh ugha tkursA bl rjg os ^ekrk* vkSj ^nqxkZ* vkfn bu egRoiw.kZ vo/kkj.kkvksa dk [kqysvke voewY;u djds yksxksa ds fpŸk ls budk okLrfod vFkZ rd feVk jgs gSaA ;g lcls Hk;kud lp gSA tc buds jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk es]a budh Hkkjr ekrk dh larfr;ksa esa buds vius ?kj&lekt dh fL=;k¡ rd 'kkfey ugha gSa] rks Hkyk mlesa jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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vkfnoklh] vkRegR;k dks etcwj xjhc fdlku&etnwj] mŸkj&iwoZ esa jgus okys yksx] /kkfeZd vYila[;dksa] ukfLrdksa dk rks loky gh ugha mBrk] D;ksfa d ;s gh rks muds nq'eu uacj ou gSa! mudh ^fodkl* dh vo/kkj.kk ds ekxZ esa jksM+k vVdkus okys] mudh Fkkyh esa ls dkSj rksM+us okys] viuk gd ek¡xus okys] D;ksfa d bu esgurd'kksa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds fy,] gkf'k, ds yksxksa ds fy, Hkkjr ekrk os gS]a ftuds vk¡py rys lHkh dks txg gkfly gSA ;gk¡ eq>s johUnz ukFk Bkdqj ds ^xksjk* miU;kl dk var cjcl ;kn vk jgk gSA ;g la;ksx ugha fd 1910 eas ^xksjk* izdkf'kr gqbZ] mlds igys 1909 esa xka/kh th dh ^fgan&Lojkt* Hkh izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA 1905 ds cax&Hkax ds na'k dks vHkh Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj fpŸk >sy gh jgk FkkA nksuksa gh jpuk,¡ flfoykbts'ku VSDLV gSaA ge lc tkurs gSa fd rc Hkkjrh; lekt u dsoy /keZ ds [kk¡ps esa foHkkftr Fkk] cfYd tkr&ikar ds nyny esa Hkh xgjs rd /k¡lk gqvk FkkA ewyr% vkbfj'k nairh dh larku] ^xksjk* ,d fganw ifjokj esa ykyu&ikyu ds pyrs Lo;a dks fganw gh ekurk gS] D;ksafd mls rF; Kkr gh ughaA fcydqy ikjaifjd lekos'kh fganw fpŸk dh rjg] ftlesa lcdh xqtj gS] mldk ykyu&ikyu gksrk gSA fdarq 19oha lnh ds Hkkjr esa ^Lo* vkSj ^vU;* dk cks/k c<+k FkkA lc vius tM+kas dh ryk'k dj jgs FksA ,sls esa xksjk fo'kq) fganw /keZ dh [kkst djrk gS&eSaus ,d fu"daVd fufoZdkj Hkkjro"kZ x<+dj mlds vHks| nqxZ ds Hkhrj viuh HkfDr dks lqjf{kr dj ysus ds fy, vc rd D;k&D;k yM+kb;k¡ ugha yM+ha---A ;gk¡ xq#nso johUnz cM+s ekfeZd <ax ls bl ckr dks js[kkafdr djrs gS]a fd dksbZ Hkh lR;rk fo'kq)rk ds vk/kkj ij thfor ugha jgrhA ;fn og lekos'kh gS] rHkh mlesa gj rjg ds [krjksa dk lkeuk djus dk thoV cuk jgrk gSA ^xksjk* miU;kl dk vafre fgLlk bl vFkZ eas cgqr ekuh[kst gS&xksjk cksyk] esjh ckr vki Bhd le> jgs gSa u\ eSa fnu&jkr tks gksuk pkg jgk Fkk] ij gks ugha ik jgk Fkk] vkt eSa ogh gks x;k gw¡A vkt eSa lkjs Hkkjr o"kZ dk gw¡A esjs Hkhrj fganw] eqlyeku] f[kzLrku fdlh lekt ds fy, dksbZ fojks/k ugha gS----A ;gh og iy gS ftlesa xksjk viuh ek¡ es]a ftlus fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds ,d fons'kh] fotkrh; dks fu}ZU}] fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls ikyk Fkk] Hkkjr ek¡ dks ns[krk gS vkSj Å¡p&uhp] tkr&ikar ds Hksn dks okLro esa R;kx nsrk gS&ek¡] rqEgha esjh eka¡ gks] ftl ek¡ dks eSa [kkstrk fQj jgk Fkk----rqe Å¡p&uhp dk fopkj ugha djrha] ?k`.kk ugha djrha&rqe dsoy dY;k.k dh jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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izfrek gksA rqe esjk Hkkjro"kZ gksA ek¡ vc rqe viuh y{kfefu;k dks cqykvksA mls dgks eq>s ikuh fiyk nsA ;g gS Hkkjro"kZ vkSj Hkkjr ek¡ dk vlyh :iA MkW- tkfdj gqlSu lgh gh dgrs Fks fd nqfu;k Hkkjro"kZ ls lekos'kh 'kklu ,oa jgu&lgu ds fo"k; esa cgqr dqN lh[k ldrh gSA vkt ftl ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* ds ukjs dqN fgalkiszeh fgalkRed <ax ls yxk jgs gS]a os Hkkjr ds blh lekos'kh ^LoHkko* dks u"V dj nsuk pkgrs gS]a vc ;g ge ij gS fd ge dSlk Hkkjr pkgrs gSaA D;k ge pkgrs gSa fd ge lnk ;g dgus ds dkfcy ugha jgsa& dqN ckr gS fd gLrh] feVrh ugha gekjhA lfn;ksa jgk gS nq'eu] nkSj&,&tgk¡ gekjkAA vFkok ge viuk bruk :i cny ysa fd ge ge gh u jgsa---njvly ;gh u"V gksuk gS fd dksbZ lekt] dksbZ /keZ viuk LoHkko viuk _r R;kx ns----A

ns[k jgk gw¡ fuf[ky fo'o dks eSa xzkeh.k u;u ls] lksp jgk gw¡ tx ij] ekuo thou ij tu eu ls! :f<+ ugha gS] jhfr ugha gS] tkfr o.kZ gS dsoy Hkze] tu&tu esa gS tho] tho&thou esa lc tu gSa le!

Kku o`Fkk gS] rdZ o`Fkk] laLd`fr;k¡ O;FkZ iqjkru] izFke tho gS ekuo es]a ihNs gS lkekftd tu! euq";Ro ds eku o`Fkk] foKku o`Fkk js n'kZu] o`Fkk /keZ] x.kra=] mUgsa ;fn fiz; u tho tu thou! &lq fe=kuanu iar jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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fdldks ueu d:¡ eSa Hkkjr\ &'k=q?u izlkn flag

rq>dks ;k rsjs unh'k] fxfj ou dks ueu d:¡ eSa] esjs I;kjs ns'k] ns'k ;k eu dks ueu d:¡ eSa\ jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k izeq[k us ,d vuko';d fookn 'kq: dj fn;k gS fd ^^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;** dk ukjk yxkuk ns'k isze dh dLkkSVh gS] vkSj tks yksx bl ukjs dks yxkus ls badkj djrs gSa os jk"Vªfojks/kh gSaA mlds ckn c;kuksa dk ,d flyflyk gh 'kq: gks x;kA dksbZ dg jgk gS fd bl ukjs dks tks u yxk, og ns'k NksM+dj pyk tk,A ,d Lo;aHkw ckck dg jgk gS fd dkuwu gksrk rks bl ukjs dks u yxkus okys yk[kksa dk flj dkV nsrkA dqN jkT;iky vkSj eq[;ea=h Hkh bl vuxZy izyki esa 'kkfey gks x, gSaA jk"Vªiezs dh ,slh dlkSVh fganqRo dk og laxBu is'k dj jgk gS ftlus Hkkjr ds Lora=rk laxzke eas fgLlk ugha fy;kA mudh vkØkedrk fnu&c&fnu c<+ jgh gSA ,sls esa ;g iz'u ekStw gS fd dkSu gS Hkkjr ekrk\ fdldh t; gks\ jk"Vª dfo jke/kkjh flag fnudj Hkkjr dh ufn;ks]a ioZr] taxy] nsg/kkjh thou vkSj Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds eu dks ueL; ekurs gSaA bl ukjs dk ftØ djrs gq, tokgjyky usg: us fy[kk gS % ^^dHkh ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd tc eSa fdlh tyls esa ig¡qprk gw¡ rks esjk Lokxr Hkkjr ekrk dh t;** ukjs ls tksj ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS] eSa yksxksa ls vpkud iwN cSBrk gw¡ fd bl ukjs ls mudk D;k eryc gS\ ;g Hkkjr ekrk dkSu gS\ ftldh og t; pkgrs gSaA esjs loky ls mUgsa dkSrwgy vkSj rkTtqc gksrk vkSj dqN tokc u cuus ij os ,d nwljs dh rjQ ;k esjh rjQ ns[kus yx tkrsA eSa loky djrk gh jgrkA vkf[kj ,d gV~Bs&dV~Bs tkV us] tks vufxur ihf<+;ksa ls fdlkuh djrk vk;k Fkk] tokc fn;k fd Hkkjr ekrk ls mudk eryc /kjrh ls gSA dkSu lh /kjrh\ [kkldj muds xk¡o dh /kjrh ;k ftys dh ;k lwcs ;k lkjs fgUnqLrku dh /kjrh ls mudk eryc gS\ bl rjg loky&tokc pyrs jgrsA ;gk¡ rd fd os Åcdj eq>ls dgus yxrs gSa fd eSa gh crkÅ¡A eSa bldh dksf'k'k djrk vkSj crkrk fd fgUnqLrku dh unh] igkM+] taxy vkSj [ksr tks gesa vUu nsrs gSa ;s lHkh gekjs vtht gS]a ysfdu vkf[kj ftudh fxurh gS os gSa fgUnqLrku ds yksx] muds vkSj esjs tSls yksx tks lkjs ns'k esa QSys gq, gSAa Hkkjr ekrk njvly ;gh djksMk+ as yksx jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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gSa vkSj Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ls eryc gqvk bu yksxksa dh t;dkjA eSa muls dgrk Fkk fd rqe bl Hkkjr ekrk ds va'k gksA ,d rjg ls rqe gh Hkkjr ekrk gks vkSj tSls&tSls ;g fopkj muds eu esa cSBrs mudh vk¡[kksa esa ped vk tkrh( bl rjg ekuksa mUgksua s cM+h [kkst dj yh gSA ¼Hkkjr dh dgkuh] i`"B 68½ ij vkt tks Hkkjr ekrk ds t;dkjs dk vkrad QSyk;k tk jgk gSA ns'kHkfDr cuke ns'knzkgs h dh vfXu ijh{kk gks jgh gSA Nqjh pykus] xnZu dkVus] ns'k ls fudkyus dh /kefd;k¡ nh tk jgh gSa vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd turkaf=d laoS/kkfud laLFkk ls tcjnLrh Hkxk nsus dk Hk; iSnk fd;k tk jgk gSA jk"Vªh; eqfDr laxzke esa Hkkxhnkjh u djus ds iki ls eqfDr ds fy, Lora=rk laxkz e ds izrhdksa ,oa 'kghnksa dh Nhuk >iVh gks jgh gSA xk¡oksa esa yTtk olu cspus okyh] /kwy Hkjs eSys vk¡py okyh feV~Vh dh mnkl izfrek esa bUgsa Hkkjr ekrk fn[kykbZ ugha nsrhA iar dh Hkkjr ekrk rks xzkeokfluh Fkh %&

^^[ksrksa esa QSyk gS ';key /kwy Hkjk eSyk lk vk¡py xaxk ;equk esa vk¡lw ty feV~ Vh dh izfrek mnkfluh!

Hkkjr ekrk xz ke okfluh** vkt Hkxok /ot dks gh jk"Vª/ot vkSj xk; dks jk"Vªekrk vkSj xhrk dks jk"Vªh; xzaFk cukus dk naHk fn[k jgk gSA lŸkk ds en esa pwj lkEiznkf;d rkdrsa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk vieku dj jgh gSaA Hkkjr jax&fcjaxs f[kyus okys Qwyksa dk xqynLrk gSA os bls dqpy] ely nsuk pkgrs gSAa eqYd ds peu dks mtkM+ nsuk pkgrs gSaA xqtjkr gh ugha iwjs ns'k esa cPpksa ds ukekadu ds le; gh Hkkjr ekrk dh t; cksyus dk 'kiFk i= nsuk gksxk] vU;Fkk ns'knzksgh dgyk,¡xs vkSj ikfdLrku Hkst fn, tk,¡xsA ,sls gSa buds bjkns! ,slh Hk;kog 'kSf{kd lkaLd`frd Øwjrk ds lkeus esd bu bafM;k] LVkVZ vi bafM;k] LekVZ flVh dk vkfFkZd mnkjrkokn] HkweaMyhd`r vFkZO;oLFkk] ,d tkfr] ,d /keZ] ,d Hkk"kk] ,d jax ds opZLo dh LFkkiuk dh dYiuk ls gh eu flgj mBrk gSA fp=ksa] rLohjks]a ukjksa esa ukSfugkyksa dh ukdscanh gks jgh gSA lafo/kku ds lkFk NsMN + kM+ djuk jk"Vªfojks/kh dke gS] vkSj lgt Hkko ls lejl lekt cukus ds fy, fcuk Mj Hk; ds lafo/kku] yksdra=] lkekfld laLd`fr dk lEeku ,oa bldh j{kk djuk gh lPph ns'kHkfDr gSA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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vktknh ds 67 lky ckn Hkkjr ekrk o`)koLFkk is'a ku ij ?kqV&?kqV dj ej jgh gSA /kwy Hkjk eSyk lk vk¡py fpFkM+& s fpFkM+s gks pqdk gSaA lcls T;knk dqiks"k.k dh f'kdkj ekrk,¡ gh gksrh gSAa dqiksf"kr ek¡ vius Lru dk ve`r iku viuh larku dks djkus esa v{ke jgrh gSA blh dkj.k detksj ih<+h tUe ys jgh gSA ;kSu 'kks"k.k] cykRdkj dh fny ngykus okyh ?kVukvkas ls ge jkst&jkst 'kfeZUnk gks jgs gSAa ef.kiqj esa 15 o"kksZa ls bjkse 'kfeZyk vu'ku ij gSAa mUgsa ef.kiqj dh euksjek ;qorh ds lkFk tokukas ds }kjk gq, cykRdkj ,oa gR;k ds f[kykQ fo'ks"k lSfud vf/kfu;e dh lekfIr dh ekax ds izfr laons u'kwY; jkT; vkSj dsUnz ljdkj ds izfr uQjr vkSj xqLlk gSA gky fQygky NRrhlx<+ esa lksuh lksjh ij rstkc ls geyk fd;k x;k og ,d lkekftd jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZ gSA ,sls u`'kal geys cnLrwj tkjh gSaA egkjk"Vª ds eq[;ea=h QM+uohl dg jgs gSa fd tks yksx ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* dk ukjk yxkus dks rS;kj ugha mUgsa Hkkjr esa jgus dk gd+ ughaA fdlkuksa dk dRyxkg cus egkjk"Vª ds eq[;ea=h dks 'keZ ugha vkrhA vkRegark yk[kksa fdlku Hkkjr ekrk dh vlyh larku gSAa budh j{kk] [kq'kgkyh] le`f) gh Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ds ukjs dh lkFkZdrk gSA fo/kkulHkk esa Hkkjr ekrk dh t; ugha cksyus ds xqukg esa turk }kjk fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k dks fuyafcr djus dk QSlyk lafo/kku dk vieku gSA turk tuknZu ds QSlyksa dks udkjuk rkuk'kkgh ,oa yksdra= fojks/kh fuUnuh; vkpj.k gSA fdlkuksa dh gR;k ds xqukg dks fNikus ds fy, ;g egkiki fd;k tk jgk gSA 'kghns vkte Hkxr flag us tc dsUnzh; vlsEcyh esa cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce Qsadk Fkk rks ^badykc ftankckn* vkSj ^lkezkT;okn eqnkZckn* ds ukjs yxk, Fks vkSj thou ds 23osa clar dks vktknh dh cfyosnh ij vius jDr riZ.k dj Hkkjr dh xqykeh dh csfM+;ksa dks rksM+us ds fy, djksMk+ sa ukStokuksa dks tks vfXu nh{kk nh Fkh ogh lcls cM+h jk"VªHkfDr gSA 'kghns vkte Hkxr flag dh Hkkjr ekrk vkt uolkezkT;okn] uomnkjokn] vkokjk iw¡th] ;kjkuk iw¡th ds [kwuh iats esa fQj ls xqyke gks xbZ gSA njvly esjk ns'k] bu 'kghnksa dh vkokt ugha lqudj vkradokn dh [ksrh djus okys nqfu;k ds njksxk vejhdk dh ckr lqurk gSA 'kghns vkte ds liuksa dh lkSnsckth gks jgh gSA ty] taxy] thou dh uhykeh gks jgh gSA dkys/ku ds lkSnkxjksa ds lkFk lRrk dk ukfHkuky lac/a k gSA iukek jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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iukgxkg ls ik¡p lkS Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds dkys/ku ij iy jgs [kwuh iats okys vkradh gfFk;kjksa ds lkSnkxjksa] Mªx ekfQ;kvksa ij dkjZokbZ ugha dj dqM a yh ekjuk ns'knzksg gSA xjhc] 'kksf"kr] nfyr] vkRegR;k ds fy, foo'k fd, tk jgs gSaA jksfgr oseqyk Hkkjr ek¡ dk ,d ,slk gh ns'kHkDr csVk FkkA ,sls vusd f?kukSuh 'keZlkj djus okyh ?kVuk,¡ jkst&jkst ?kV jgh gSAa djksMk+ as ukStoku csjkstxkjh ds na'k ls nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kk jgs gSAa ns'k ds yksx csjkstxkjh Hkq[kejh] eg¡xkbZ] xjhch ds ladV >sy jgs gSaA jk"Vªh; vk; dk forj.k vU;k;iw.kZ rjhds ls gks jgk gSA m|ksxifr] fQYe LVkj vjcksa] [kjcksa esa [ksy jgs gSAa 99 izfr'kr dh lEifRr ij 1 izfr'kr dk dCtk gSA dsUnz ljdkj ds czkaM ,EcslMj vkSj vkt ds ukStokuksa ds uk;d vkSj dkSu cusxk djksM+ifr ds tknwxj vferkHk cPpu vkSj ,s'o;kZ ds uke Hkh mtkxj gq, gSAa Hkkjr ekrk dh t;] mUekn ls ugha gksxhA ns'k ds lkeus leL;kvksa dk tky fcNk gqvk gSA D;k mUekn dh [ksrh gh fodflr Hkkjr] le`) Hkkjr vkSj vrqY; Hkkjr dk liuk lkdkj djsxh\ cykRdkj] Hkw[k ij dksbZ ckr ugha gksxh\ csjkstxkjh] eg¡xkbZ vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ij dksbZ ckr ugha gksxh\ cLrj] fonHkZ] dkyk gkaMh NRrhlx<+ ij ckrsa ugha gksx a h\ jktusrkvksa] yaiVksa] ckckvksa ds }kjk dRy djus dk dkfrykuk c;ku dk;jrk gSA jk"Vªh;rk] ns'kHkfDr lgt] LokHkkfod vfHkO;fDr gSA Hk;] =kl] la'k;] >aMksa] ukjksa ls foHkDr thou ueu ;ksX; ugha gSA var esa fnudj ds 'kCnksa esa % ^^ogk¡ ugha rqe tgk¡] tuksa ls gh euqtksa dks Hk; gS] lcdks lcls =kl lnk] lc ij lcdk la'k; gS] tgk¡ Lusg ds lgt lzksr ls gVs gq, tux.k gSa! >aMksa ;k ukjksa ds uhps c¡Vs gq, tux.k gSaAA dSls bl dqfRlr] foHkDr thou dks ueu d:¡ eSa] fdldks ueu d:¡ eSa Hkkjr\ fdldks ueu d:¡ eSaA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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ns'kize s vkSj ok.kh&Lokra=;~ &fot; 'kadj O;kl gky gh esa tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa vk;ksftr ,d dk;ZØe ds i'pkr ^ns'kizse* vkSj ^ok.kh&Lokra=~;* cgqr gh pfpZr eqn~ns gks x, gSaA nqHkkZX; ls] jktuSfrd ykHk ysus ds mn~ns'; ls bu nksuksa fopkjksa ij xyr <ax dh cgl 'kq: gks xbZ gSA orZeku lanHkZ esa bu eqn~nksa ij lathnxh ds lkFk lkspus dh vko';drk gSA igys ^ns'kizse* dks gh ysAa ftl ns'k ls izse vkSj HkfDr dh ge vis{kk djrs gSa ml ns'k dh ifjHkk"kk D;k gks\ ,d HkkSxksfyd {ks= ns'k dh vo/kkj.kk ds fy, vko';d gS] ij i;kZIr ughaA Hkkjr dk HkkSxksfyd ekufp= le;&le; ij cnyrk jgk gSA eqxyksa ds tekus esa tks Hkkjr Fkk og vkt ugha gSA vaxzstksa ds tekus esa rks ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k vkSj Jhyadk Hkh Hkkjr ds vax FksA vkt ds Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd vo/kkj.kk igys ds Hkkjr ls fHkUu gSA blfy, ek= HkkSxksfyd {ks= ns'k dh igpku ugha gks ldrkA dqN vkSj rF; ,d Hkw[k.M dks jk"Vª dh igpku nsus ds fy, vko';d gSaA lkaLd`frd ,drk buesa ,d gks ldrh gS] ftls jk"Vª dh /kqjh le>k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu Hkkjr tSls fofo/krk ls Hkjs ns'k esa ,d ns'kO;kih laLd`fr dh vo/kkj.kk djuk eqf'dy gSA ftls mPp oxZ laLd`fr dgrk gS mlesa vkSj nfyrks]a tutkfr;ksa vkSj vYila[;dksa dh laLd`fr esa Hksn gSA blfy, ;g Lohdkj djuk vrkfdZd gksxk fd iwjk ns'k ,d fof'k"V laLd`fr ls igpkuk tk,A ns'kHkfDr dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, Hkkjr dks ekrk ds :i esa izfrf"Br fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd ge lc Hkkjrekrk dks iwT; le>saA ;fn ns'k dks ekr` Lo:Ik esa ns[kk tk, rks bldk ,d fu"d"kZ ;g gksxk fd tSls ekrk viuh fofHkUu larkuksa esa dksbZHksn ugha djrh gS oSls gh Hkkjr ns'k ds fdlh Hkh ukxfjd ;k fdlh Hkh oxZ ls Hksn ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ijUrq bl vk/kkj ij fd ge lc Hkkjrekrk dh larku gS& a ns'kHkDrgksus dk nkok djus okys O;fDr vkSj lewg] gj ukxfjd ls leku O;ogkj djus esa dksrkgh cjrrs gSaA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd ns'kHkfDr ,d ,slk fopkj gS ftls ewrZ :i ugha fn;k tk ldrkA fdlh Hkh Hkw[kaM esa jgus okys tu fof'k"V lkekftd ewY;ksa ij vkSj mUgsa Qfyr djus okyh laLFkkvksa esa fo'okl j[krs gSa rks os lc ns'k ds ukxfjd gksus dk gd izkIr dj ysrs gSaA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa dh ns'kHkfDr dk ,d lqn`<+ vk/kkj Hkkjr ds lafo/kku esa crk, x, ewY;ksa vkSj laoS/kkfud laLFkkvksa ds izfr vkLFkk vkSj HkfDr gks ldrk gSA Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds fn'kklwpd fl)karksa Directive Principles esa rgsfny ls fo'okl djus okys] vkSj lafo/kku esa crkbZ xbZ oS/kkfud laLFkkvksa dh egŸkk dks le>us okys gh lgh vFkksZa esa ns'kHkDr gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gqvk fd lafo/kku esa crkbZ xbZ e;kZnkvksa dk mYya?ku djus dks ns'k dh vogsyuk vFkok ns'knzksg Hkh] dgk tk ldrk gSA ns'kHkfDr dk lgh vk/kkj Hkkjr ds lafo/kku }kjk izfrikfnr lkekftd vkSj uSfrd ewY;ksa esa rFkk oS/kkfud laLFkkvksa esa fo'okl gSA vU; lHkh ekinaM ns'kHkfDr ukius ds fy, viw.kZ gSaA blh izdkj ok.kh&Lokra=~; dks ysdj Hkh ,d cM+k fookn [kM+k gks x;k gSA ;gk¡ ij Hkh ;g ekuus esa dfBukbZ ugha gksuh pkfg, fd ;fn fdlh O;fDr vFkok lewg dks tku cw>dj viekfur djus ds fy, Hkk"k.k] ys[ku ;k fp=.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks og ok.kh Lokra=~; dh e;kZnk dk mYya?ku gS] vkSj og Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu ;fn lekt dk ,d oxZ vfr&laosnu'khy gks vkSj viuh viukbZ gqbZ ekU;rkvksa ls ijs dqN Hkh lquus ;k ns[kus ds fy, rS;kj u gks rks mlds fojks/k esa dh xbZ vfHkO;fDr dks ok.kh&Lokra=~; dk guu ugha dgk tk ldrkA gekjs lafo/kku ls vuqeksfnr dkuwu bl ckjs esa Li"V gSaA ij dkuwu ls Hkh Åij laons u'khyrk dk ekinaM gS] ftls Lohdkj djuk lH; lekt ds fy, vko';d gS] fo'ks"kdj fofo/krk ls ifjiw.kZ gekjs tSls ns'k esAa gj NksVh eksVh ckr ij ^ns'knzksg* vkSj ^ok.kh&Lokra=~;* dk >aMk ysdj [kM+s gksus okys o`gr~ lekt dk vfgr dj jgs gSaA Åij ftu eqn~nksas dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS mldk lanHkZ Hkh Li"V gSA ;s eqn~ns tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa vk;ksftr ,d dk;ZØe ls lacaf/kr gSA os yksx tks bl izdkj ds dk;ZØe dks ns'k ls xn~nkjh ?kksf"kr jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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djrs gSa mUgssa ^xn~nkjh* dh iwjh O;k[;k djuh pkfg,A vius ns'k ds vykok fdlh vU; jk"Vª ds ftankckn ds ukjs yxkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gS] ijUrq ;g ,slk xqukg Hkh ugha gS fd ftls ns'knzksg dh lhek esa j[k fn;k tk,A gesa Lohdkj djuk pkfg, fd d'ehj esa ogk¡ ds lekt dk ,d leqnk; bl izdkj ds ukjs fujarj yxkrk jgrk gSA ijUrq blds dkj.k mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks ns'knzksg dk vijk/kh ekudj tsy esa can ugha djrs gSaA ;fn dksbZ ,slk d`R; fd;k tk, fd ftlls gekjs lafo/kku esa n'kkZ;h xbZ ns'k dh v[k.Mrk dks] ;k Hkkjrh; lekt ds fdlh Hkh oxZ dks] tku cw>dj Bsl igq¡pkbZ tk jgh gS rks mldk vo'; fojks/k gksuk pkfg,A exj gj Loj tks fdlh oxZ fo'ks"k}kjk Lohdkj dh xbZ ekU;rkvksa ds foijhr gS] mls ns'knzkgs dh laKk nsuk lafo/kku ds izko/kkuksa dk vieku djuk gSA vo';] viuh ekU;rkvksa ij geyk gksus ij mDr oxZ Hkh fojks/k dj ldrk gSA ijUrq ;g fojks/k Hkh laoS/kkfud vkSj 'kkafriw.kZ rjhdksa ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA rkfdZd :i ls mldk tokc fn;k tk ldrk gSA fgald rjhds ls gj fojks/k dh vkokt dks nckuk ns'kHkfDr ugha gSA blh izdkj gj ckj fojks/k dks nckus ds fy, ,sls dkuwu dh 'kj.k ysuk tks lkezkT;okfn;ksa us fgUnqLrku dh turk dks fu;a=.k esa j[kus ds fy, cuk;k Fkk] ,d Lora= turkaf=d ns'k esa okftc ugha gSA ,d vkSj eqn~nk tks orZeku lanHkZ esa fopkj.kh; gS og gS] fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa ds vk/kkj ij Nk= laxBu cukus dkA Li"Vr% ,sls Nk= laxBu Lofoosd ls ugha cfYd mUgsa iksf"kr djus okys jktuSfrd nyksa ds eulwcksa dks iwjk djus esa yxs jgsaxsA nqHkkZX; ls Hkkjr ds lHkh cM+s jktuSfrd ny fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa viuk iSj tekus ds fy, Nk= laxBu cuk pqds gSaA ;s Nk= laxBu okn&fookn dks ijs j[k] ^ikVhZ ykbu* dks gh vk/kkj ekurs gSa vkSj bl izdkj ,d ;k nwljs ikVhZ ds dk;ZØeksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds izpkjd cu tkrs gSaA tc ge ns'kissze vkSj ok.kh Lokra=~; dh ckr djrs gSa rks bl ij Hkh fopkj djuk pkfg, fd D;k jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa }kjk xfBr Nk= laxBu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Lora= fparu esa lgk;d gSa ;k ck/kd\ jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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BHAGAT SINGH'S NATIONALISM

It was very different from the version that prevails on his 85th death anniversary

C.Uday Bhaskar Bhagat Singh, who streaked like a meteor across the anti-colonial nationalist sky, was sent to the gallows on March 23, 1931 on charges of assassinating a British police officer and throwing a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi.

At the time of his execution, Bhagat Singh was only 24 — a young man with a utopian vision of a free India, whose sense of nationalism was very different from that associated with Lala Lajpat Rai, Mahatma Gandhi and other stalwarts of the freedom movement.

Bhagat Singh, often referred to as the original “shaheed”, or martyr, has been differently interpreted and appropriated — and the image of a fearless young man with a neat mustache, wearing a hat at a jaunty tilt, is as ubiquitous as that of the dhoti-clad Mahatma and the more formally attired Babasaheb Ambedkar in the Indian collective memory.

It’s instructive that while many competing visions of nationalism coexisted during the freedom struggle, the patriotism of the principal interlocutors was never doubted and they were all committed sons of a shackled Mother India — a sacred geography compositely envisioned, which had to be liberated.

Ironically, on the 85th anniversary of Bhagat Singh’s execution, nationalism has become a bitterly contested issue and reduced to an invalid litmus test over the slogan “Bharat Mata ki Jai”. Rank political opportunism, compounded by dangerous emotive posturing over alleged insults to the “nation”, has cascaded into legislative intimidation, wherein the aggrieved sentiment of one constituency has trumped constitutional fidelity.

Many aspects of Bhagat Singh’s life are relevant in the prevailing socio-political turbulence and these include his discomfiture over the rightwing Hindu orientation of leaders like Lajpat Rai, his rejection of communal identity and personal commitment to atheism, and, above all, the commitment to revolution and rationality.

A communicator par excellence, who valued the public platform and understood the power of the pamphlet, Bhagat Singh’s writing and the lucidity of his advocacy is quite extraordinary for its time and his relative youth. If one were to identify one speech where all his ideals and objectives jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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coalesce, it’s the October 1929 presidential address at the student’s conference in Lahore where he asserted: “If we are to bring about a revolution of ideas we have first to hold up before us an ideal which will galvanise our whole life. That ideal is freedom.” Or “azadi”.

At a time when the word azadi has been bruised, battered and resurrected from zealous and occasionally militant patriotism, starting with the JNU controversy, the Bhagat Singh elucidation merits objective reflection. He continued, “But freedom is a word which has varied connotations and, even in our country, the conception of freedom has undergone a process of evolution. By freedom, I mean all round freedom, that is, freedom for the individual as well as for society; freedom for the rich as well as for the poor; freedom for men as well as for women; freedom for all individuals and for all classes. This freedom implies not only emancipation from political bondage but also equal distribution of wealth, abolition of caste barriers and social iniquities and destruction of communalism and religious intolerance. This is an ideal which may appear utopian… but this ideal alone can appease the hunger in the soul.”

The nationalist fervour during Bhagat Singh’s time had a shared objective — freedom from colonial bondage and the ushering in of an equitable socio-economic order — that almost all his contemporaries subscribed to. The rejection of any form of communalism and religious intolerance that Bhagat Singh advocated has a special resonance in the current milieu where the Indian Muslim citizen is often deemed “guilty” unless a reluctant state machinery discharges its constitutional obligations.

The deplorable lynching atrocities at both Dadri and Latehar are illustrative of this dangerous vigilantism that now passes for nationalist pride.

A nationalism derived from a menacing majoritarian constituency, wherein the hapless citizen is terrified into mouthing a certain slogan, augurs ill for the world’s largest democracy. When Bhagat Singh’s clarion call “Inquilab Zindabad” replaced “Vande Mataram” in large parts of northern India, it was not imposed by rabid diktat but voluntarily accepted. This didn’t compromise patriotism then. Why should it now?

Courtesy :The Indian Express

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bl ladyu esa 'kkfey ys[kksa ds fy, ge muds ys[kdksa] izdk'kdksa ds izfr vkHkkjh gSaA bUgsa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls fy;k x;k gSA buesa izeq[k gSa&;qok laokn] rhljh nqfu;k] lc yksx] le;kUrj] fodYi vkfnA jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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jk"Vªokn] ns'kHkfDr vkSj Lora=rk

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