(timber) framing Mariestad
creating social and sustainable places in public space with temporary timber framed structures
RaphaĂŤlle Paire & Susanne Sibinska Taieb
Authors: RaphaĂŤlle Paire & Susanne Sibinska Taieb Architecture Masters Programme MPDSD Planning and design for a sustainable development in a local context 2018
Table of content 5
Abstract
FURNITURES
BACKGROUND
67
Chairs and tables
8 Connection to analysis 9 Voices of Mariestad 10 Objectives 11 Strategies 12 Introduction 14 About the sites 16 A brief history of the area
DESIGN PROCESS
75 78 80
Sketches and drawings Trip to Mariestad Model photos
83 84 85
Reflection References Thanks
PROJECT PRINCIPLES
20 21 22 24 26 27
Points of departure Functions of space Urban acupuncture Wood- a sustainable construction About timber framing Da Capo Bygghantverksprogam
THE PAVILLION
32 About the pavillion 34 Potential project posters 36 Design principles 37 Levels of temporarity 38 Sense 39 Accessibility 40 Pavillion drawings 44 Facades 46 Openings 47 Colours
DESIGN PROPOSAL
50 52 54 56 57 58 60 62 64 65
Axonometry high season/summer The fruit´s hut The fish’s hut Urban furniture Urban plants Axonometry low season/winter The hot drink’s hut The exhibition’s hut The hot spots The illuminated seats
Abstract Timber framing Mariestad is a project that re-introduces the traditional craftsmanship of timber framing in a contemporary way. This is done through the making of temporary interventions in public space that are placed in different parts of the urban context of Mariestad. The temporary interventions are pavillions, urban furnitures and furnitures made out of wood. The temporarity and programming of the interventions are adapted to the city’s seasonality and context. This project can work as a source of inspiration, showing the possibility of urban spaces and that they can be more than what we have thought of them before.
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Framing Mariestad Background to the project
Framing Mariestadconnection to analyses In the first part of our work process we conducted an extensive analysis of Mariestad municipality’s history, resources, possibilities and more. We also focused on the municipality’s strenghts and weaknesses through a SWOT analysis.
S
Local development goals and strategies were then developed from the collected information and the SWOT. Our in-depth project is based on this first part. From this a problem statement was formulated in the creation of this project.
W
O
T
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
- Tourism - Proximity to nature Vänern - Green energy ambitions - Biodiversity - Small scale community - Walkable distances within the city - Integration projects - Active/strong associations
- Car dependency - Physical/mental/ social barriers - Inaccessible shoreline - Lack of meeting places - Seasonal demand - Lack of social inclusion - Aging population
- Digitalization - Trend of circular/ green economies - Trend of lifestyle of health & sustainability - Sense of urgency regarding sustainability issues - Prolonged agricultural growing & tourism season due to warmer climate - Migration - Growing trend of tourism& countertrend of staycation (hemester)
- Climate change effects - Pollution - Loss of connection to nature - Consumerism - Depopulation due to urbanization - Centralization - loss of local specificity - Global trends of polarization & individualization
A SWOT is a method of analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The SWOT below consists of selected and relevant parts for our project, taken from the common analysis made previously in the course.
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Voices of Mariestad During the first week on site in Mariestad interviews were made. The following captions are some of the most noteworthy things that were said regarding public space:
favorite place to stay is the harbor, “My it’s very cozy there in the summer.
Torget is a boring area. There “ Nya used to be plans for the city square but nothing happened. “
There is an ice cream booth, a small playground, one can go on a tourist boat, lots of restaurants, it’s generally just really nice to be there with the family.
Woman in her 60’s
“
would like more meeting places, “ Imaybe sportsarenas and it wouldn’t hurt with an O’Learys. “
Girl, 11 years old, Prismaskolan teenage-kids go to Skövde for “ My shopping. We need a place where the youths can hang out. “
Middle aged man, Intersport
Woman in her 50’s, Petrells Elaffär
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Objectives In Mariestad nature is a resource to increase health, happiness and well-being Settlements and neighbourhoods offer public spaces for predominantly free year round activities and meeting places for all Mariestad is a multicultural integrated community that trusts in equal opportunities for all regarding influence
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Strategies - Implement collaborations between Mariestad municipality and Dacapo focusing on green projects to involve and inspire residents and visitors. - Initiate public dialogue and participation as a method for involving Mariestads residents in the development of public spaces and city planning. - Plan for activities that integrate different ages (e.g. boule courts, playgrounds, youth centers, activity park and other activities). - Take advantage of Vänern and activate the coastline all year round (e.g. by building a cold bath or covered market). - Enable seasonal-based features even in low season (e.g. parking spaces, places for participation and teaching, spontaneous activities). - Promote influence and participation by citizen dialogue through: - Establish a physical and mobile meeting place that calls for dialogue and visualize plans and activities in the municipality. The meeting place may be situated in connection with public functions in order to be made available to the public (e.g. Älvrummet i GÜteborg). - Workshops. - Events.
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Introduction Background
often overlooked by planning and design professionals even though they can have a distinct impact on the affected society or neighbourhood.
Mariestad is partially a season based city with heavy tourism during summertime and barely no tourism during winter. This causes empty, asphalted spaces within the city center as well as in the small towns, as Lyrestad and Sjรถtorp, connected to Gรถta canal. These spaces are mostly occupied by cars during high season, but during low season they are usually left empty. This project can be seen as a source of inspiration for politicians and planners. The project is showing the possibility of urban spaces to be more than what we have thought of them before. One of the weaknesses identified from the SWOT analysis was car dependency. This is a problem not only in Mariestad, but also on a national and global scale. Other weaknesses identified where a lack of meeting places, an aging population, urbanization, seasonality, a lack of social inclusion and a lack of identity.
Aim As architects we are used to visualization; we help people visualize their future homes, how cities will grow and develop or in order to be inspirational. The purpose of this project is to help people visualize what an empty space could become and how much a small, re-programmed space actually can contribute to the public space. Social sustainability, flexibility, participation and human scale are important aspects considered in our project. The aim is gathering people and creating meeting places for all generations, no matter of age, ethnicity or gender. Hopefully our project can work as an inspiration to help overcoming physical and mental barriers.
Method
Urban acupuncture
The theoretical background of the project is urban acupuncture. The background research is based on relevant literature and history regarding public space and timber framing. Interviews made in Mariestad serve as a background research. Intuitive and iterative sketching has been made in discussion with the expertise craftsman Johan Jรถnsson from Da Capo.
This project implements the theory of urban acupuncture, based on the socioenvironmental theory with the same name, where cities use small scale interventions to change or effect the urban whole. Those acupunctural interventions can develop a kind of active network around the city and municipality where the aim is to build for people rather than building for profit. These kinds of small scale projects are
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Sjรถtorp
Lyrestad
Mariestad
Mariestad municipality 13
About the sites We have chosen to work with two sites by the river Tidan in the city center of Mariestad. The interventions will move from one place to the other depending on season. The quarter Kornet, on the east side of the river, is today a parking lot with a little, enclosed playground. Hälsans stig, the path of health, goes right through this area which as it is today is not very inviting or welcoming. This parking lot is used vividly during high season but not to the same extent during low season. The municipality has a new detailplan over the area stating that dwellings and stores will be constructed in Kornet in the future.
project, our interventions can function as public space there during low season. During high season, the interventions are moved, due to increased demand of parking space, to Smedjehagens square. The square is situated just on the other side of the river, visually, one can see the sites from each other. Smedjehagens square is situated on the west side by the footbridge connecting the two parts of the city together. During summer, the interventions are moved from Kornet to Smedjehagen to integrate that public space as well. Quarter Kornet
As a sort of transition phase before this detail plan is realized into a building Smedjehagens square
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potential spots for interventions 15
Framing Mariestada brief history of the area
the industrialisation
The founding of Mariestad goes back to the 1500s hundreds. Gamla Stan, the old town, is one of the most well kept old city centers in Sweden today with it’s wooden houses and cobblestone streets (Västsverige, 2018). The city was founded 1583 by the duke Karl, later King Karl IX of Sweden, as a strategic place for trade with good possibilities of transportation on water through the river Tidan and lake Vänern. Mariestad was also a regional center for church politics. Shortly after the city was founded construction of the cathedral started, it was ready in 1615. The beneficial positioning of Mariestad by key waterways made it an important harbour city, this and the cathedral became important aspects for the municipality’s development (Mariestads kommun, 2018).
For Mariestad the industrialization meant the beginning of manufacturing industries along Tidan, new possibilities of transportation on water along Tidan and Göta Kanal and of course the building of railroads. At the same time as Mariestad had an identity of being an industrial city it also had a clear identity of being a residence town with people working with the administration of the county. The city was densely built with wooden structures, which lead to another fire in 1895. At the end of the century the population increased substantially due to the work opportunities at the industries connected to the city. Population thus doubled from 2000 to 4000 inhabitants. Important factors of success for the municipality in these days where the railroad connections to the small, surrounding towns, like Lyrestad, Lugnås and Hassle (Mariestads kommun, 2018).
In 1660 Mariestad became a residence city. This meant that large parts of the administration of Skaraborg were coordinated there until 1997. In the making of Västra Götalands county Mareistad lost it’s residency to Gothenburg and large parts of the administrations were moved away from the city (Mariestads kommun, 2018). From interviews made with local residents of Mariestad this is understood as a huge loss for the Skaraborg county.
1900s development After World War II, the municipality underwent an expansive development and Mariestad grew. The car became new mean of transportion. This made it possible for planners to plan for and develop new areas around the city. During the 1950s and 1960s many public buildings were built that are still used today; for example bath houses, town hall, fire station, youth center, schools and kindergartens. In 1968 the population in the municipality had grown to 15,000 inhabitants. One of the contributing factors to this were the establishment and development of Electrolux in the city (Mariestads kommun, 2018).
In August 1693 a major fire swept through the city and everything south of the cathedral was destroyed (Västsverige, 2018). As the city had to be rebuilt again a new city plan with a grid system was made using paralell long streets and crossings with defined, perpendicular building blocks. During the 1760s there was about 900 inhabitants in Mariestad (Mariestads kommun, 2018).
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Figure 1: River Tidan, the old harbour quarters and the cathedral (Jonsson, n.d.).
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Project principles and starting points
Points of departure considered factors from analysis: seasonality
Mariestad is very affected by high and low season of tourism.
point of departure
lack of social inclusion
This project adresses these issues.
Hard to get to know people.
lack of meeting places
Not to many venus and meeting places for people to hang out, a comment from the interviews made during the first part.
car dependency
Commuting from the country side and within the city creates a lot of space for parking and cars.
identity
Since the loss of the residency Mariestads struggles with identity.
design - starting points: urban acupuncture Taking back urban space to the people by using the theory of urban acupuncture.
project
local knowledge
Temporary interventions that create meeting places in public space using the local knowledge and construction method of timber framing.
Mariestad wants to brand it self as a city of crafts. There is local knowledge in traditional building techniques through e.g. Da Capo.
local materials
Wood constructions and other re-used or local materials are used in this project.
timber framing
Timber framing as construction method for the interventions.
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Functions of space feb
During summertime Mariestad thrives from tourism and there is a rich city life with markets, concerts and other cultural events. During winter the tourists are gone and the city becomes calm and quiet. Our proposal is adapted to the seasonality of the city, divided in high (spring and summer) and low (autumn and winter) season. Except from providing a meeting place, the other functions of our interventions are mapped below:
low season
Created by pxLens from the Noun Project
mar
jan
apr
dec
may
nov
june oct
july sep
aug
high season
weather protection/shelter
weather protection/shelter
markets selling local products
open stage
information about the city
information about the city
exhibition space
exhibition space Created by pxLens from the Noun Project
possibility to sell food and hot drinks
place for resting markets selling local products
ice skating rink connected to the interventions
Trädgürdsskolan showing their work in pots
grill and open fireplace
open library for sharing books
light installation
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Urban Acupuncture Urban acupuncture is the theory of small interventions within a city fabric that, like acupuncture, touches a fundamental issue of the urban context and relieves the pressure of it. A successful project would be something that responds to the needs of a local, urban problem (L Rosa, 2013). In Mariestad that would be car dependency and hard-made surfaces for parking, the lack of meeting places and the lack of social inclusion. According to Jan Gehl (2010) better conditions for urban life has been created the past decades by not prioritizing car traffic as much as previously, but instead to prioritize and plan for the human scale in cities. Small-scale initiatives as the urban interventions we design can have a great impact on their context and in their community by being both visionary and hands-on, showing people that change is possible. This is what we aim for in Mariestad with our interventions.
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spaces within 1 find an urban context with potential to be developed further
a pavillion or Attract people by 2 Design 3 urban furniture that creating a meeting is inviting and that triggers the curiosity
place free of charge
a synergy with Create a network 4 Create 5 several spaces that are around the city that activated with different interventions
changes with the seasons
the process of urban acupuncture 23
Wood- a sustainable construction material Wood is a natural and renewable resource that binds carbondioxide and generates oxygen as it grows. It is the only conventional and renewable construction material today and it is the building material that has been used for the longest time in history (Träguiden, 2018). In this project wood is used for the different interventions since it is a local resource and because it is enabling a high level of design variation and versatility. The structures are held together with different kinds of joineries made from wooden parts within the constructions, whichs means no use of glue, nails or any other kind of added joints. This ensures that the structures can be easily disassembled when moved or taken down for other reasons. The wood itself can then be stored, reused in another structure or recycled into energy. The illustration on the right page shows the life cycle of wood.
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O2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS LOCAL RAW MATERIAL tree harvest
PRODUCTION timber, planks & boards
CO2
WOOD LIFE CYCLE
ENERGY wood disposal becomes energy REPURPOSE e.g. paper, particleboards
REUSE RECYCLE
WASTE PRODUCTS wood chips, shavings & saw dust recycled as e.g. particleboards or energy
MAINTENANCE e.g. reparation, paint, oil
TRANSPORTATION from saw mill to user
USE construction, pavillion, furniture, other products
wood life cycle 25
About timber framing Timber framing is a traditional building system using both large and small wooden parts to create a framework held together with joinery. The craft probably developed already in the beginning when humans started to use tools for wood (Sobon, 1994). Before the industrial revolution, building houses was a local business. The builder lived locally, had to do qualitative work and knew the language of the profession. The builder had great knowledge of the materials lifespan, strengths and weaknesses. This determined the layout, materials and construction details. The materials were often taken from a local forest and used with a minimum of processing, all to keep the properties of the material (Sobon, 1994). Vernacular architecture is the term for buildings that are built with local materials, local builders and local traditions (Sobon, 1994). The crafting properties as they used to be are somewhat lost in today’s construction industry. This project is an attempt to reintroduce these traditions in a modern context.
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Da Capo Bygghantverksprogram Da Capo Mariestad is a municipal organization and platform with the task of coordinating and developing higher education in Mariestad. They work with developing an inspiring research and education environment in the city, with a strong link between students, research and business (Da Capo Mariestad, 2018). One of the educations held at Da Capo thorugh the university of Gotheburg is Bygghantverksprogrammet, a program in traditional crafting construction, providing the students with a bachelor in crafts and conservation. During the years at school, different traditional techniques of construction are considered and the students can choose a direction in either wood or masonry (Gรถteborgs Universitet, 2018). We have mapped the wood joints learned in school during the two first years, the third year is dedicated for in-depth projects according to interest and our suggestions uses these joints.
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spliced joint
mortise and tenon
lap joint
dovetail corner scarf joint lap joint
first year joints 28
bridle joint
spliced joint ÂŤfrench lockÂť
norsk hak
dovetail corner
second year joints 29
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The Pavillion
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About the pavillion The following pages are showing the basic design principles of the project. The configuration of the pavillion comes from the possibility to create organic shapes when stacking logs on each other. The organic shape creates a contrast to the public space. The pavillion can be repeated and put together in various ways. The footprint is 2500 mm times 5000 mm, the same measurement as a parking lot. This facilititates the position of site and movability of the pavillion. It enables the understanding of how much space one parking lot is taking and raises the question of the space given for cars in the city.
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2300 mm 5o00 mm
5250 mm
2500 mm
5000 mm
The volume follows the dimensions of a parking lot.
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Potential project process This loop maps the potential process of the project as we see it. Starting with the points of departure and the design, to be taken over by a potential stakeholder, in this case the crafting program at Da Capo that build and realises the intervention. It is then implemented and used in public space, before it is either moved or dissasembled. The process then starts all over again.
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POINTS OF DEPARTURE: car dependency, seasonal demand, lack of meeting places & lack fo social inclusion
TO CREATE A SPACE through interventions in public space that are adapted to seasonality and meets the needs of the urban situation
DESIGN the design is considerate of local knowledge in structure and execution
REUSE MATERIAL in another intervention
DISASSEMBLY the intervention is taken down
RECYCLE MATERIAL to another purpose
project loop
Bygghantverk at Da Capo the crafting program builds the interventions as a part of their education
LOCATION the intervention is adapted to season and moved to a public space for use
MOVED to another location due to e.g. season USER the intervention is integrated in public space and meets the needs of the inhabitants
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Design principles local resources
Materials and craftsmanship should be local to the largest extent possible.
inclusive
The inteverntions are welcoming and inviting to everyone no matter of age, gender or ethnicity.
small ecological footprint The interventions uses either renewable, reused or recycled materials, leaving a small ecological footprint.
curiousity
The interventions are eye-catching and visible in their context.
heart-wood
The wooden structure is made out of heart-wood, the middle of the tree, that is cut during winter. This makes it stronger and more durable to moisture.
planed surfaces & angles Created by Noura Mbarki from the Noun Project
The wood will be planed and angled meaning not having 90 degree surfaces. This will make it extra resistant to moisture.
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1. re-build
Each year, the students have the opportunity to build interventions to learn the mandatory joints as a part of their education.
? 2. location
The interventions are moved to a suitable place in public space, these can differ from year to year.
? 3. change of programs
Created by pxLens from the Noun Project
The programs are changed depending on the seasons and on the theme of each year’s designs.
4. lifecycle of materias
The pieces of wood are stored, reused or recycled after each year.
levels of temporarity 37
Senses The pavillions and all the wooden structures triggers our senses in different ways. The visual connection, the smell of the wood, then the tactility of different surfaces connected to the interventions. This project encourages the curiosity of people, allowing another sense of space. It gives a special and memorable spatial experience.
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+300 mmm Ground
The wheelchair accessibility of the pavillions are enabled through low ramps.
accessibility 39
1. plan
2. side elevation
0
0
1000
1000
2000 mm
40
2000 mm
3. front elevation
125 mm 125 mm
4. walls details
41
1. exploded axonometry
42
2. crosswise section
3. longitudinal section
4. crosswise section
43
Facades Each pavillion can be covered by a facade that gives it a special character. It is also a way to involve and highlight other local materials and techniques used in and around the area of Mariestad, like a reed roof maker. On the following page three types of facades made out of local materials are presented and one that can be made out of reused materials. These can all be used in the project. The structure itself can also be “nude� in order to show the crafting details.
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Reed
Wood shakes
Reeds is a natural and local material in the area of Mariestad. The plant grows up in waterlands along the coast of the lake Vänern. Sensitive to the climate, the amount of reed differs from each year. The thatched roofs do not belong to the traditionnal swedish way of covering houses but we can find some examples in the surroundings of Mariestad.
The wood shakes are made from local or reused wood. It gives rythm to the facade due to the different shapes of each tile. It attracts the eye and arouses the sense of touch.
Tar
Reused plastic
Wood tar is a liquid substance obtained by carbonization or destructive distillation of wood, usually from pine. Tar will give it a mat colour and protects it from rot, mold and dehydration. It also works as impregnation.
This reused material has the opportunity to be transparent, revealing the wooden structure behind. At night, the play of light with the different opacities, thicknesses and colours can give a another character to the structure.
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Windows and openings Old windows and doors can be re-used as openings in the pavillions. This makes it possible to open up and close the structure, as well as providing it with wheather protection.
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Colours The facades in Mariestad’s old town stand as inspiration in the choice of colour to this project. If the facades are to be painted, these are colours that can be used, strengthening the identity of the city.
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Design Proposal example of synergy during high and low season
the fish hut hand made furnitures exhibition pavillion
open stage tango class
cultivation box
High season/summer Axonometry Smedjehagens Square 50
seasonal flowers
the fruits’ hut
migratory geese
urban furniture make it yourself workshop
kids art
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hand-made windows
Maria, the local farmer Anna, a tourist
Björn, an inhabitant, eating a local apple
local summer fruits fresh herbs
decorative plants to sell
home-made fruits juices
1. section axonometry shop of local products “the fruits’ hut” 52
A’
A
plan 1:50
section AA’ 1:50
53
Ida, finding a german book
wood shakes painted with pine tar
reused windows and hand made shutters Ludde the dog
hand-made shelves
2. section axonometry opened library “the fish hut� 54
A’
A
plan 1:50
section AA’ 1:50
55
urban furniture light installation Josephin reading a novel temporary kid art free pieces of chalk
Hans playing
3. axonometry urban furniture
56
seasonal vegetables
Martin, discovering the tomato plant birds attracted by new seeds
Karl, a Traggskolan student
seasonal flowers
urban furniture stolpverk method
4. axonometry the urban plants “the fruits’ hut” 57
exhibition pa
free ice skating rink hand made benches local christmas trees
Low season/winter Axonometry Quarter Kornet 58
hot drinks’ hut fire place
avillion illuminated seats
Hälsans stig
River Tidan
59
Hanna, an inhabitant Billy Maya, tasting her first glögg
teapot home-made glögg coffee local milk
1. transversal axonometric section selling of seasonal drinks “the hot drinks’ hut” 60
A’
A
plan 1:50
section AA’ 1:50
61
hand made furnitures Gunnar playing the guitar closed roof for weather protection local artist exhibition
2. longitudinal axonometric section exhibition of local artist pavillion “the exhibition hut� 62
A
A’
plan 1:50
section AA’ 1:50 63
group of friends warming up
public fire place
3. axonometry fireplaces “the hot spots� 64
hidden light luminous halo
furniture used as benches
4. axonometry urban furniture and light installation “the illuminated seats� 65
Furnitures Our designed furnitures is the opportunity to learn and understand all details of the timber framing method. One of the programmes of this project is the creation of meetings between DaCapo students, professionals,the inhabitants as well as the tourists in Mariestad in workshops and courses. The idea is to connect people by sharing knowledge. Everyone could build their own furniture by using timber framing as a construction method in a local material. They can them customize them and be creative or pick and choose one of our designs. The furnitures could later be a part of shaping the identity of the pavillion and together with that create a public space made by everyone.
(mm)
400
400 650
side elevation
480
front elevation
plan
#01 67
(mm)
400
400
40
30 155 125
side elevation 450
30
front elevation
plan
#02 68
(mm)
400
125 40 125
side elevation
40 450
front elevation
plan
#03 69
#04 70
(mm)
1300
700
40
125
125 650 60
71
#05 72
(mm)
580 1400
60
900 125
60
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Design Process Our design process have been intutive and iterative, going from one idea to the other and the back again. On the following pages some of that journey is mapped through sketches and pictures of our design process. From early drawings to the final proposition.
early drawings 75
2,50m 1,00m
0,30m 2,50m
2,50m 0,30m
1,00m
1,00m
0,30m 2,50m 0,30m
1,00m
2,50m 1,00m
0,30m 2,50m 0,30m
1,00m
first sketches of frames
first sketches of the concept
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3125mm 5000mm 4925mm
3125mm 5000mm 4925mm
_ 04 _ 04
_ 05
_ 05
_ 01 a
_ 01
_ 01 a
_ 01
_ 02
_ 02
the method of stacking logs on each other enables varoius amounts of possible designs.
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_ 03
Trip to Mariestad We went to Mariestad for a timber framing workshop with Johan Jรถnsson. Johan showed us the technique and tools needed to create models of our pavillion. Together we made two models: on in scale 1:1 showing the joint and the timber log as it is, the other one was in scale 1:10 showing the pavillion as a whole. It was a really good experience and very interesting to try out our own method. It turned out to be a very fast way of constructing as well.
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79
detail 1:1
80
model 1:10
81
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Reflection Through our design process we have been discussing the design and ideas with a local craftsman. From the meetings and talks with him we understood that there is a lack of connections between architects and craftsmen. The feeling is mutual. Our project could work as a bridge between architecture and crafts, creating a cooperative process where both expertises are needed to enrich and ground the project. If realized, the project could be carried out by students that have chosen the wood direction at Da Capo, where joints and techniques used in the structures are flexible to fit their education and knowledge level. The design can be done in various ways and could incoroprate architecture students. As a continuation of branding Mariestad as a city of crafts, all the interventions can be placed around the municipality, to strenghten the identity and culture of the place.
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REFERENCES Books: Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington, D.C: Island Press Lerner, J. (2014). Urban Acupuncture: Celebrating principles of change that enrich city life. Washington, D.C: Island Press. Rosa L, M. (2013). Handmade Urbanism: from community initiatives to participatory models: Mumbai, Sao Paolo, Istanbul, Mexico City, Cape Town. Berlin: Jovis Sobon A, J. (1994). Build a classic timber-framed house. North Adams: Storey Publishing. Websites: Da Capo Mariestad. (2018). Utbildningar. Retrieved from https://www. dacapomariestad.se/sidor/utbildningar.4.7f968a7d1494c4028322a9.html Göteborgs Universitet. (2018). Institutionen för kulturvård: Bygghantverksprogrammet 180 hp. Retrieved from https://conservation.gu.se/ utbildning/kop/bygg/bygg Träguiden. (2018). Sågverksprocessen. Retrieved from https://www. traguiden.se/om-tra/materialet-tra/sagverksprocessen/ Träguiden. (2018). Miljö. Retrieved from https://www.traguiden.se/omtra/miljo/ Västsverige. (2018). Mariestad- pärlan med lång historia. Retrieved from https://www.vastsverige.com/mariestad/artiklar/mariestad---parlan-medlang-historia/ Västsverige. (2018). Mariestad: Evenemang. Retrieved from https://www. vastsverige.com/mariestad/evenemang/alla-evenemang/ Reports: Mariestads kommun. (2018). Översiktsplan 2030: Mariestads kommun 2018. Retrieved from https://mariestad.se/Mariestads-kommun/Bygga-bo/Stadsplanering/Oversiktsplanering/Oversiktsplan-2030.html Figures: Jonsson, H (n.d.). Tidan, de gamla hamnkvarteren och domkyrkan. [photograph]. Retrieved from http://mariestad.adlibhosting.com/Details/collectmariestad/6946
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Special thanks to Johan Jรถnsson Lena Falkheden Ida Rรถstlund Da Capo Mariestad
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ARCHITECTURE
Master’s Programme Architecture and Planning Beyond Sustainability 2018/2019 Design studio Planning and Design for Sustainable Development in a Local Context: MARIESTAD - Towards Rurban Diversity 86 Design studio part B / In-depth project RaphaÍlle Paire, Susanne Taieb