DESIGN PROJECT A P E R
Course guide :- Mr. Harminder singh Submitted by :- Ravi ratnam Course Duration: 3 weeks
3rd semester, UG 2009-10
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CRAFTS DESIGN Jaipur
CONTENTS •
About iicd
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Course Abstract
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About paper
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Paper making
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Discussion
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Visit to Ratan textile
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Assignment: 1
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Assignment: 2
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Assignment: 3
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Assignment: 4
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Assignment: 5
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Assignment:6
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Prototyping
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Final prototype
INTRODUCTION This course was 3 weeks mini design project where we developed our skills in handmade paper. We visited some handmade paper industries to know the whole process and got familiar with the market scenario. We learnt the basic properties of paper. After searching the existing handmade products a range of products was selected to be worked upon. After finalizing the concept I made my prototype in ratan papers in sitapura(jaipur).
ABOUT IICD Institute of Crafts and Design is an autonomous institute of excellence, set up by the Government of Rajasthan, to act as a catalyst for the crafts sector. Presently, the institute is being managed by the Ambuja Educational Institute (AEI) under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. It is also recognized as a nodal center for excellence in the area of Crafts and Design. The Institute is in continuous process of building up facilities of high order to support these recognitions. The central idea of the Institute is to evolve a sustained programme of growth and development of both craftsperson and craft sector in an integrated manner. It seeks to generate requisite knowledge upgrade relevant skills and foster right attitude in order to develop high quality, motivated human resource and change agents, in a vibrant climate of experimentation and innovation. The Indian Institute of Crafts and Design has been set up to function as a research, knowledge and skill based Institute that makes craft sector contemporary and relevant in the present macro economic scenario. The main programmes of the Institute are Education, Training & Outreach, Research & Documentation and Advisory & Consultancy Services The Mission of the Institute is: “To evolve a sustained programme of growth and development of both craft sector and craftsmen in an integrated manner i.e. to generate requisite knowledge, to upgrade relevant skills and to foster right attitudes in order to develop high quality, motivated human resource and change agents in a vibrant climate of experimentation and innovation.� A synergy between the traditional knowledge and skill set with contemporary requirements has to evolve.
COURSE BRIEF Design Project in Simple Paper Products Relevance: Paper is a material which is always in relation to human proportion. It supports human activities in different ways and directly relates to human intellect. Since its ancient invention, paper has played a major role in human development. Jaipur, being a major centre for hand-made paper making, needs design development in Paper making and paper products
Objectives: To sensitize the learner towards perception, appreciation and articulation of subject area (Simple paper product) To understand the relationship between human need. To provide the learner with some fundamental tools to understand structure and construction using different materials. To use Hand-crafting skills and Techniques.
Methodology: Research and Study • • • • • •
Group Discussion and Feedback. Presentations Concept Development, Selection and Refinement Concept Mock-ups and Detailing. Prototyping Documentation
Techniques: Folding, Cutting, Tearing, Pasting, Extrusion, Molding, Printing, Punching, Stenciling, etc
Project: Study simple paper existing around. • •
Design simple paper product using handmade paper. Prototyping.
HISTORY production in Europe in the early 12th century. Mechanized production of paper in the early 19th century caused significant cultural changes worldwide, allowing for relatively cheap exchange of information in the form of letters, newspapers and books for the first time.
PAPER MAKING
Paper making is done by three processes namely, Chemical pulping, Mechanical pulping and recycling of paper.
Chemical Pulping The purpose of a chemical pulping process is to break down the chemical structure of lignin and render it soluble in the cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose fibers. Because practiced strategy for pulp manufacturing and produces especially strong, unbleached papers that can be used directly for bags and boxes but are often processed further, e.g. to make corrugated cardboard.
Recycled Paper Paper recycling processes can use either chemical or mechanical pulp. By mixing with water and applying mechanical action the hydr and fibers separated again.
Mechanical
refiners where the chips are squeezed and fibreized between two steel discs. In the ground wood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders wherehey are pressed against rotating stones and fibreized. . Mechanical pulps have rather short fiber lengths and produce weak paper. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than chemical pulp.
Product possibility: • • • •
Stationery Table Top Life Style Packaging
TYPES OF PAPER: There are many types of paper. Some of them are as follows: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bank Paper Banana paper Bond Paper Book Paper Construction Paper/ Sugar Paper Cotton Paper Electronic Paper Fish Paper (Vulcanized fibres for electrical insulation) Ink jet Paper Kraft Paper Laid Paper Leather Paper Mummy Paper Tyvek Paper Paper Towels Wall Paper Washi paper
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Wax Paper Wet and Dry Paper Wove Paper Coated Paper: glossy and matt surface News print paper
Bank paper :-
Bank paper is a thin strong writing paper of less than 50g/m2 commonly used for typewriting and correspondence.
Banana paper :Banana paper is used in two different senses: to refer to a paper made from the bark of the banana plant, mainly used for artistic purposes, or paper made from banana fiber, obtained from an industrialized process, from the stem and the non utilizable fruits. This paper can be either hand-made or made by industrialized machine.
Cotton Paper:Cotton paper is made from 100% cotton fibers. Cotton paper is superior in both strength and durability to wood pulpbased papers, which may contain high concentrations of acids. May also be known as cotton rag or ragged paper. Cotton paper is also used in banknotes.
Bond paper:Bond paper is a high quality durable writing paper similar to bank paper but having a weight greater than 50 g/m2.It is used for letterheads and other stationery and as paper for electronic printers. Widely employed for graphic work involving pencil, pen and felt-tip marker. It is largely made from rag pulp which produces a stronger paper than wood pulp.
Book paper :A book paper (or publishing paper) is a paper which is designed specifically for the publication of printed books. Traditionally, book papers are off white or low white papers (easier to read), are opaque to minimize the show through of text from one side of the page to the other and are (usually) made to tighter caliper or thickness specifications, particularly for case bound books. Typically, books papers are light weight papers 60 - 90gsm and often specified by their caliper/substance ratios (volume basis).
Photo Paper:Photo paper is a category of inkjet paper designed specifically for reproduction of photographs. The best of these papers, with suitable pigment-based ink systems, can match or exceed the image quality and longevity of traditional materials used for printing color photographs.
Paper Towel :A paper towel is a disposable product made of paper. It serves the same general purposes as conventional towels, such as drying hands, wiping windows and dusting. Because paper towels are disposable, they are often chosen to avoid the contamination of germs.
Inkjet Paper:Inkjet paper is paper designed for inkjet printers, typically classified by its weight, brightness and smoothness, and sometimes by its opacity.
Wall Paper :Wallpaper is material which is used to cover and decorate the interior walls of homes, offices, and other buildings; it is one aspect of interior decoration. Wallpapers are usually sold in rolls and are put onto a wall using wallpaper paste.
News print paper :It has to be made with adequate strength properties and surface characteristics; especially wax pick. Optical properties brightness is required for better readability and appeal (with ink to paper contrast which improves readability of print) and opacity. Used For: printing our daily news papers.
PROPERTIES OF PAPER Basis Weight (GSM) • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Brightness, Whiteness and Colour Bulk Dimensional Stability Folding Endurance (Double Folds) Formation Gloss Sizing / Cobb Smoothness Stiffness Stretch (Elongation) Tearing Resistance Temperature and Humidity: Conditioning of Paper Thickness Wire side and Felt side
Applications of paper To represent a value: paper money, bank note, cheque, security (see Security paper), voucher and ticket. For storing information: book, notebook, magazine, newspaper, art, zine, letter For packaging: corrugated box, paper bag, envelope, wrapping tissue, and wallpaper For cleaning: toilet paper, handkerchiefs, paper towels, facial tissue For construction: papier-mâché, origami etc Other uses: emery paper, sandpaper, litmus paper, etc
VISIT RATAN TEXTILE Huge number of designers is involved in ideation over the products. Ratan Paper also has a textile unit (Ratan Textile). They mainly work on surfaces of handmade paper. Machines are well equipped according to national and international standards. They do practice Screen printing on large scale basis. Number of skilled labour is 115, semi-skilled is 107 and non-skilled is100. Their target audience is mainly foreign buyers, because they are more aware of the environmental issues and can afford to buy recyclable paper goods which are 100% cotton. They emphasize on stack ability of the product for shipping purposes. The owner gives freedom to the designers to explore anything but selection of design is only on the basis of what would sell in the market. Their showroom is very well displayed with paper as well as textiles work. Mood boards send by the buyers or developed by the designers were displayed with the product ranges. They look forward to the packaging part more because it attracts the buyers.
VISIT KAGZI PAPER Mohd. Shafiq Kagzi the owner personally came to receive us and shown his production unit. At sitapura unit, they do not have a separate handmade paper manufacturing unit, they have production unit of paper products only. Their buyers send them the mood boards or themes, according to that samples are developed, then a presentation is given to the buyers, then, the products are selected by the buyers for production purposes. The selected samples then go in the production unit for the required production. At Kagzi, production unit is divided into major sections like sampling, production, packaging, and store. In cutting section, there are three die-cutting machines; to operate one machine two persons are sufficient. Cutting of grids are done through the die cutting machine on cardboard or paper sheet. Then, a section of workers put glue, some paste sheets on cardboard, others are involved in packaging. A combination of skilled, semi-skilled and non-skilled labor work there. Skilled workers and designers help in the ideation, semi-skilled and skilled one`s on technical part and non-skilled work as helpers. All the sections are well labeled. In every room, there is fire-extinguisher and first-aid kit as preventive measures
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS: First exercise:-
Our first exercise was to fold A4 sheet maximum times. From this exercise we explored that thin paper can be folded more than the thick ones.
Second exercise:-
Second exercise was to make paper translucent. To make it translucent we used two techniques, one was to rub wet finger on paper and second was to rub oil to the surface.
Third exercise:-
In third exercise we folded A4 sheet to make a stand for a brick. And we were asked to make the stand of maximum height.
Fourth exercise:-
In this exercise we were allowed to fold the paper maximum 8 times and we were also free to cut and and use glue for 4 times. By using all these we made a stand of maximum
Fifth exercise:-
In this exercise we were allowed to cut and glue the paper twice. By using this we were asked to make a stand of maximum one inch height for brick (vertically put).
Sixth exercise:In this exercise we rolled half page of newspaper diagonally to make paper sticks. By joining all those paper sticks we made a paper stool that could hold a person.
After these class assignments we did brainstorming of paper products available in the market and also those which could be me paper.
Brian storming:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Paper bags Reflectors Toys / Games / traditional games Boxes Lamps Folders Organizers Bookmarks Curtains / Rings / Rods Chandeliers Wall lights Dustbins Comb Foot wears Boxes Bags Jackets Table lamps Wall hangings Photo frames Earrings / key rings Wind chimes Wrist watches
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Paper Cups Table mats Carpets Folding bags Paper brushes Office table accessories Screens Car accessories Bathroom organizers Shaving kits Jewellery
After this a list of the products having possibilities were narrowed down which are listed below: Paper bag • Toys / Games /Traditional games • Lamps • Bookmarks • Footwear • Table lamps • Wind chimes • Paper Cups • Table mats • Packaging • Book racks • Screens and partitions
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Car accessories
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Jewellery
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Bottle Bucket Cloth clip Baskets Poly bags Pen/ cases Clips Rack Lunch box Dustbin Stools Mugs Boxes
After this some blacklisted products were discussed which should not be made. They were: • Small boxes • Dairies • Folders • Small books
Categorizations of Paper products:1.
Packaging:• •
Boxes Paper bags
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Gifts and life style products:-
3.
Stationary:• • • • •
Organizer dairies Paper / envelop / newspaper / magazine holders Note pads Phone diaries Pen stands
From the existing product range we were asked to choose a product to work upon. i was interested in working on wall light.for this i further did an extensive search on the the market.
After discussion an idea of making the wall light.further brainstorming wall light is portable. then i am explore form in news paper.
EXPLORATION
FINAL PROTOTYPE
ACKNIWLEDGEMENT I would like to give my gratitude to Mr. Harminder singh, our course faculty for guiding us throughout the course. I would also extend my thanks to ratan textile and kagzi paper. And i would also like to thank our dean Mr. Yunus Khimani, for providing us with this course.