The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species

The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species

The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species Produced by the Wildlife Enforcement Directorate, Environment Canada An initiative of Environment Canada and CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, www.cites.org

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication CITES guide to falconry species [electronic resource] = Guide d’identification CITES des espèces utilisées en fauconnerie.

Electronic monograph in PDF and HTML format.

Text in English and French.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-662-05870-0 Cat. no.: CW66-203/2-2008-PDF 1. Falcons – Identification.

2. Falconry – Handbooks, manuals, etc.

3. Endangered species – Handbooks, manuals, etc.

4. Wildlife conservation (International law).

I. Canada. Environment Canada II. Title: Guide d’identification CITES des espèces utilisées en fauconnerie.

QL696.F34C57 2008

598.9’6

C2008-980246-2E

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2009.

TABLE OF CONTENTS The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Species represented in this guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to use this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Identification of wild caught and captive bred specimens . . . . . . . . . .

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accipiter spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco spp. Quick Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Species Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Juveniles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hybrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i i i ii iii iv v vi 1 2 12 14 17i

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Species represented in this guide

Many species of falcons, hawks, and eagles are used in the sport of falconry.

The following falcon and hawk species have been included in this guide because they are popular with falconers and, as a result, are common targets for poachers and smugglers.

UÊ > iÀÊv> V ÊFalco biarmicus (App. II) UÊ -> iÀÊv> V ÊFalco cherrug (App. II) UÊ >}}>ÀÊv> V ÊFalco jugger (App. I) UÊ >ÀL>ÀÞÊv> V ÊFalco pelegrinoides (App. I) UÊ *iÀi}À iÊv> V ÊFalco peregrinus (App. I) UÊ ÞÀv> V ÊFalco rusticolus (App. I) UÊ ÀÌ iÀ Ê} Ã >Ü ÊAccipiter gentilis (App. II) The Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus (App. II) has also been included in this guide as it closely resembles many of the above-listed species of concern. This species is common in falconry, but is not prominent in illegal international trade.

How to use this guide

The identification process begins with pages iv-v which will help you determine whether your specimen is a member of the genus Falco (falcons) or the genus Accipiter (hawks). The Accipiter page will direct you straight to photos of the ÀÌ iÀ Ê Ã >Ü ]ÊAccipiter gentilis. The Falco page, however, will direct you to a range of colour photographs of various falcons. Do not try to match your specimen with one of these photos, but rather try to find similarities of colour pattern. Juvenile and hybrid birds, which often are found in trade, can be more challenging to identify, so ensure that you carefully compare your specimen to all of the photographs. Once you have selected a photo that resembles your specimen, follow the directions below that photo to find the correct species page. In order to successfully identify your specimen, it is important that you take your time comparing your specimen to the photographs. Key identification features are indicated with red arrows. It is important to recognise that there can be considerable variation in colour and pattern within a species, so although you should compare your specimen carefully to the photographs, be aware that the colours may not be an exact match. It is also important to consider the size of the specimen when making your identification.

i

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Identification of wild caught and captive bred specimens

In many jurisdictions, seamless bands are placed on the feet of falcon chicks to identify captive-bred birds. The feet of falcon chicks grow rapidly, and within a few days the foot will be large enough that these bands cannot be removed. The use of these seamless bands is recognized as being an effective way of identifying captive-bred birds.

Some jurisdictions permit the capture of wild adult birds for falconry, and these birds may be laundered as captive bred. With proper training and a hood, wild caught birds can become very comfortable with their handler within a week. A bird’s temperament cannot be used as an indicator of origin.

Seamless bands (ruler cm)

ii

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Terminology BWÊrÊ `ÞÊ7i } Ì°Ê TLÊrÊ/ Ì> Ê i }Ì °Ê i>ÃÕÀi`ÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊÌ «Ê vÊÌ iÊ i>`ÊÌ ÊÌ iÊÌ «Ê vÊÌ iÊÌ> ° X = When found between two scientific names, “x” indicates a hybrid.

e.g., Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus is a hybrid of these two species.

Upper parts\Ê >V ]ÊÃV>«Õ >ÀÃ]ÊÀÕ «]ÊÌ> ]ÊÕ««iÀÊÌ> ÊV ÛiÀÌÃÊ> `ÊÜ }ÊV ÛiÀÌÃ]Ê

primaries and secondaries.

Lower parts\Ê Ài>ÃÌ]Ê>L` i ]Êv > ]ÊÌ } Ê> `ÊÕ `iÀÊÌ> ÊV ÛiÀÌÃ°Ê Lesser wing coverts Greater wing coverts

Ear coverts Crown Nape Cere

Back Primary wing feathers Neck

Chin Cheek (with malar stripe) Throat

Scapulars

Breast Rump Wing Coverts Upper tail coverts

Abdomen Flank Secondaries Primaries

Tail

Thigh Under tail coverts

Upper parts

Tarsus Lower parts

iii

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Falco spp.

The most important feature for distinguishing a Falco spp. from other birds of prey used in falconry is the eye colour. All Falco spp. commonly used in falconry have irises that are dark brown to almost black.

UÊ - âi\Ê/ ÊÎx È{ÊV ]Ê 7Êxää Ó£ääÊ}° UÊ i > iÃÊ >ÛiÊÌ iÊÃ> iÊV ÕÀ }Ê>ÃÊ > iÃÊ ÀÊ>ÀiÊà } Ì ÞÊ`>À iÀ°Ê i > iÃÊV> Ê be up to one third larger than males.

UÊ }]Ê« Ìi`ÊÜ }ðÊ7 i ÊÌ iÊÜ }Ê ÃÊiÝÌi `i`]ÊÌ iÊÃiV `Ê«À >ÀÞÊvi>Ì iÀ°Ê is the longest. When folded, the tips of the wings are almost as long as the tail.

UÊ ÃÌÀ ÃÊ>ÀiÊÀ Õ `ÆÊ>ÊÌÕLiÀV iÊ ÃÊ«ÀiÃi ÌÊ Ã `iÊÌ iÊ ÃÌÀ °Ê

≥ Not a Falco spp.

35-64 cm

Tips of wings do not reach tip of tail

Tips of wings almost as long as tail

Iris dark brown to black

Cere grey or blue-grey in juveniles Small scales Round nostril with tubercle

Sharp tomial tooth Malar strip (sometimes absent)

Long middle toe

To Falco spp. Quick Key page iv

1

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Accipiter spp.

Accipiter spp. are also commonly used in falconry.

UÊ - âi\Ê/ Ê{n ÈnÊV ]Ê 7Êx£Ç ££ÇäÊ}° UÊ - ÀÌiÀÊÜ }ÃÊÌ > ÊFalco spp.

UÊ ÃÌÀ ÃÊ>ÀiÊ Û> ÊÃ >«i`]Ê> `Ê >V Ê>ÊÌÕLiÀV i°Ê UÊ / «ÃÊ vÊÜ }ÃÊ` Ê ÌÊÀi>V ÊÌ «Ê vÊÌ> °Ê UÊ À ÃÊV ÕÀÊ ÃÊ} `ÊÌ ÊÀi`°

≥ Not an Accipiter spp.

48-68 cm

Tips of wings almost as long as tail

Tips of wings do not reach tip of tail

Iris gold to red

Large scales Oval nostril

Rounded tomial tooth

To Accipiter gentilis page v

11

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INTRODUCTION Symbols

Detain and refer to an expert

Male

i > i

vi

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES FALCO SPP. QUICK KEY

UÊÀi`` Ã LÀ Ü Ê i>` UÊ >ÀÀ ÜÊ > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «i UÊ}ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ

UÊ`>À ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ UÊÜ `iÊ > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «i

2

3

4

UÊ >À}iÊv> V Ê­/ Ê{n ÈäÊV ® UÊ`>À ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ]Ê i>`Ê streaked with white

6

UÊ >À}iÊv> V Ê­/ Ê{n ÈäÊV ® UÊ«Ài` > Ì ÞÊÜ Ìi

7

8

UÊLÀ Ü ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ UÊLÀ Ü ÊÌ Ê«> iÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ

UÊ >À}iÊv> V Ê­/ Ê{n ÈäÊV ® UÊ«Ài` > Ì ÞÊ`>À ÊÕ««iÀÊ and lower parts

9

10 1

5

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco biarmicus – > iÀÊ > V ]Ê ««i ` ÝÊ reddish-brown head

dark malar stripe

L>V ÊL Õi }ÀiÞ]Ê with light bars

Adult

barred tail

Size:Ê/ ÊÎx xäÊV Ê

Countries of import: U.K., U.S.A.

Ê Ê

Countries of export/re-export:

7Ê > iÊxää Èää g 7Êvi > iÊÇää ää g

Germany, European Union countries, Guinea, Canada, U.K.

Subspecies: F. b. feldeggii, F. b. erlangeri,

F. b. tanypterus, F. b. abyssinicus, F. b. biarmicus

Purpose: Majority commercial, also

Range:Ê ÀÌ Ê vÀ V>Ê> `ÊÌ iÊ `` iÊ

Source: Majority captive bred, many wild

captive breeding programs and personal.

East, in stony semi-desert and desert.

caught as well.

ID:

UÊ Ài`` à LÀ Ü Ê i>`Ê­ >ÞÊLiÊ Ýi`Ê with white) UÊ L>ÀÀi`ÊÌ> UÊ L>V ÊL Õi }ÀiÞ]ÊÜ Ì Ê À â Ì> ÊÃÌÀ «ià UÊ `>À Ê > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «i

ÀÊ ÕÛi iÃÊ vÊÌ ÃÊëiV iÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12

Similar species: F. jugger, F. pelegrinoides

2

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco jugger – >}}iÀÊ > V ]Ê ««i ` ÝÊ reddish-brown head

grey upper parts

light eyebrow

tail NOT barred

Adult

Size:Ê/ ÊÎx {ÈÊV Ê

Trade: i}> Ê} L> ÊÌÀ>`iÊ ÃÊV «>À>Ì Ûi ÞÊ

Ê

small.

7ÊxÓx nxä g

Subspecies:

É

Countries of import: U.K., Canada,

Range: India and neighbouring countries.

European countries.

ID:

Countries of export/re-export:

UÊ Ài`` Ã LÀ Ü Ê i>` UÊ Ì> Ênot barred UÊ }ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ

Purpose: Commercial, personal captive

Similar species: F. biarmicus,

Source: Majority captive bred.

Germany, U.K., Switzerland. breeding, unknown.

F. pelegrinoides ÀÊ ÕÛi iÃÊ vÊÌ ÃÊëiV iÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12

3

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco peregrinus – Peregrine, Shaheen, Appendix I dark cap

blue-grey back

wide malar stripe

blue-grey coloration on lighter parts

Adult

Size:Ê/ ÊÎ{ xäÊV Ê

Similar species: F. pelegrinoides

Ê Ê

Trade: i}> Ê} L> ÊÌÀ>`iÊ VÀi>Ãi`Ê Ê

7Ê > iÊxnä ÇÓä g (averageÊÈ£ä g) 7Êvi > iÊnÈä £ä ä g (averageÊ {ä g)

Ì iÊ£ näÃ]Ê> `Ê ÃÊÃÌ Ê } °Ê-V> ` >Û > Ê countries mainly trading eggs for captive breeding programs, reintroduction and scientific purposes.

Subspecies: F. p. anatum, F. p. tundrius,

F. p. pealei, F. p. cassini, F. p. japonensis, F. p. fruitii, F. p. calidus, F. p. peregrinus, F. p. brookei, F. p. madens, F. p. minor, F. p. radama, F. p. peregrinator, F. p. ernesti, F. p. nesiotes, F. p. macropus

Countries of import: Denmark, Germany,

Sweden, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), U.K., U.S.A.

Range: Global, except Antarctica.

Countries of export/re-export: Austria,

ID:

Canada, Denmark, Germany, Sweden.

UÊ L>V ÊL Õi }ÀiÞ UÊ `>À ÊV>«ÊÜ Ì ÊÜ `iÊ > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «i UÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ >ÛiÊ`>À Ê À â Ì> ÊÃÌÀ «iÃÊ on pale background

Purpose: Commercial, personal, captive

breeding, scientific, and undeclared.

Source: Majority captive bred.

ÀÊ ÕÛi iÃÊ vÊÌ ÃÊëiV iÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12

4

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco pelegrinoides – >ÀL>ÀÞÊ > V ]Ê ««i ` ÝÊ dark cap

reddish-brown on neck

back light blue-grey

wide malar stripe

yellowish

Adult

Size:Ê/ ÊÎÎ {{ÊV Ê

Similar species: F. peregrinus, F. biarmicus,

Ê Ê

F. jugger

7Ê > iÊxää Èää g 7Êvi > iÊÇää ää g

Countries of import: Canada, Mexico,

Subspecies: F. p. babylonicus,

U.K. and U.S.A.

F. p. pelegrinoides

Countries of export/re-export: Austria,

Range:Ê ÀÌ Ê vÀ V>Ê> `ÊÌ iÊ `` iÊ >ÃÌ]Ê

in stony semi-desert and desert.

> À> ]Ê iÀ > Þ]Ê->Õ` Ê À>L >]Ê1° ° °Ê and U.S.A.

ID:

Purpose: Commercial, personal, captive

UÊ L>V Êlight blue-grey UÊ Ài`` Ã LÀ Ü Ê >«i UÊ `>À ÊV>«ÊÜ Ì ÊÜ `iÊ > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «i

breeding programs and scientific.

Source: Majority captive bred.

Difference from F. peregrinus:

UÊ L `ÞÊÃ iÀÊ UÊ V iÃÌÊ> `Ê>L` i Ê } ÌiÀÊ> `ÊÞi Ü Ã UÊ > >ÀÊÃÌÀ «iÊ ÌÊ>ÃÊ`>À Ê>ÃÊF. peregrinus UÊ F. peregrinus with more contrast on chest and abdomen

5

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco cherrug – -> iÀÊ > V ]Ê ««i ` ÝÊ head streaked with white

brown upper parts

white oval spots sometimes forming bars on tail

Adult

Size:Ê/ Ê{x xxÊV Ê

Trade: i}> Ê} L> ÊÌÀ>`iÊ VÀi>Ãi`Ê ÊÌ iÊ

Ê Ê

£ näÃ]Ê«i> }ÊÌ iÊ >ÌiÊ£ äð

7Ê > iÊÇÎä ä g 7Êvi > iÊ Çä £Îää g

Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major

Subspecies: F. c. cherrug, F. c. milvipes,

F. c. coatsi, F. c. hendersoni

country of import. Qatar, Saudi Arabia also significant.

Range: Asia and Africa.

Countries of export/re-export: Major

ID:

country of export is Pakistan, U.A.E. also significant. European countries.

UÊ >À}iÊL À` UÊ i>`ÊÃÌÀi> i`ÊÜ Ì ÊÜ Ìi UÊ LÀ Ü ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌà UÊ Ü ÌiÊ Û> Êë ÌÃÊà iÌ iÃÊv À }Ê bars on tail

Purpose: Majority are traded for

commercial purposes, also significant trade for personal use.

Source: Main sources are captive bred

Similar species: F. rusticolus grey morph

and wild caught. ÀÊ ÕÛi iÃÊ vÊÌ ÃÊëiV iÃ]ÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 12

6

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco rusticolus (grey morph) – Gyrfalcon, Appendix I grey upper parts

pale lower parts

Adult

Size:Ê/ Ê{n ÈäÊV Ê

Trade: i}> Ê} L> ÊÌÀ>`iÊ ÊF. rusticolus

Ê Ê

VÀi>Ãi`Ê ÊÌ iÊ£ äÃ]Ê> `Ê>««i>ÀÃÊÌ ÊLiÊ on the rise.

7Ê > iÊ È£ £ÎÓä g 7Êvi > iÊ£ÓÈÓ Ó£ää g

Subspecies:

É Ê

Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major importer, Qatar (primarily from the U.K.), U.K., Germany and U.S.A.

Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of ÕÀ «i]Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê ÀÌ Ê iÀ V>° NOTE: This species has other colour morphs. See pages 8 and 9 .

Countries of export/re-export: Canada,

ID:

Purpose: Commercial, personal.

UÊ }ÀiÞÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ UÊ «> iÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃ UÊ >À}iÃÌÊ> `Ê i>Û iÃÌÊ vÊÌ iÊv> V Ã

Source: Main source on CITES permits

Germany, U.A.E., U.K. and U.S.A.

is listed as captive bred, but there are not many captive breeding facilities.

Similar species: F. cherrug

Juveniles:

UÊ LÀ Ü ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌà UÊ LÀ Ü Ê> `ÊÜ ÌiÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌà ÀÊ v À >Ì Ê Ê ÕÛi iÃÊÃiiÊ«>}iÊ 13 7

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco rusticolus Â­ĂœÂ…ÂˆĂŒiĂŠÂ“ÂœĂ€ÂŤÂ…ÂŽĂŠq ÞÀv>Â?Vœ˜]ĂŠ ÂŤÂŤi˜`ˆĂ?ĂŠ head predominantly white

malar stripe thin or absent

upper parts predominantly white

lower parts predominantly white

Predominantly white falcons originating from Siberia are highly valued and often smuggled.

Adult

Size: TL 48-60 cm

Trade: Legal global trade in F. rusticolus

BW male 961-1320 g BW female 1262-2100 g

increased in the 1990s, and appears to be on the rise.

Subspecies: N/A

Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major

Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of

ÂˆÂ“ÂŤÂœĂ€ĂŒiÀ°Ê+>ĂŒ>Ă€ĂŠÂ­ÂŤĂ€ÂˆÂ“>Ă€ÂˆÂ?ÞÊvĂ€ÂœÂ“ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠ1° °Ž]ĂŠ 1° °]ĂŠ iÀ“>Â˜ĂžĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ1°-° °Ê

Europe, Asia and North America.

Countries of export/re-export: Canada,

NOTE: This species has other colour morphs. See pages 7 and 9 .

iÀ“>Â˜Ăž]ĂŠ1° ° °]ĂŠ1° °Ê>˜`ĂŠ1°-° ° Purpose: Commercial, personal.

ID:

Source:ĂŠ >ÂˆÂ˜ĂŠĂƒÂœĂ•Ă€ViĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠ / -ĂŠÂŤiĂ€Â“ÂˆĂŒĂƒĂŠ

UĂŠ Ă•ÂŤÂŤiÀʍ>Ă€ĂŒĂƒĂŠÂŤĂ€i`œ“ˆ˜>Â˜ĂŒÂ?ĂžĂŠĂœÂ…ÂˆĂŒi UĂŠ Â?ÂœĂœiÀʍ>Ă€ĂŒĂƒĂŠ>˜`ĂŠÂ…i>`ĂŠÂŤĂ€i`œ“ˆ˜>Â˜ĂŒÂ?ÞÊ ĂœÂ…ÂˆĂŒi]ĂŠĂœÂˆĂŒÂ…ĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŠLÂ?>VŽÊ“>Ă€ÂŽÂˆÂ˜}ĂƒĂŠ UĂŠ “>Â?>Ă€ĂŠĂƒĂŒĂ€ÂˆÂŤiĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŠĂ›iĂ€ĂžĂŠĂŒÂ…ÂˆÂ˜ĂŠÂœĂ€ĂŠÂ“ÂˆĂƒĂƒÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠ

ÂˆĂƒĂŠÂ?ÂˆĂƒĂŒi`ĂŠ>ĂƒĂŠV>ÂŤĂŒÂˆĂ›iĂŠLĂ€i`]ĂŠLĂ•ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂ€iĂŠ>Ă€iĂŠÂ˜ÂœĂŒĂŠ “>Â˜ĂžĂŠV>ÂŤĂŒÂˆĂ›iĂŠLĂ€ii`ˆ˜}ĂŠv>VˆÂ?ÂˆĂŒÂˆiĂƒÂ° Juveniles:ĂŠ Ă•Ă›i˜ˆÂ?iĂŠĂœÂ…ÂˆĂŒiĂŠÂ“ÂœĂ€ÂŤÂ…ĂŠF. rusticolus

Â…>ĂƒĂŠĂœÂ…ÂˆĂŒiĂŠĂ•ÂŤÂŤiÀÊ>˜`ĂŠÂ?ÂœĂœiÀʍ>Ă€ĂŒĂƒÂ°ĂŠ/Â…iĂŠViĂ€iĂŠ >˜`ĂŠiĂžiĂŠĂ€ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠ>Ă€iĂŠ}Ă€iÞ°Ê i}ĂƒĂŠÂ“>ÞÊLiĂŠLÂ?Ă•i‡}Ă€iÞÊ ĂœÂ…iÂ˜ĂŠĂ›iĂ€ĂžĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˜}°ÊÊ 8

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco rusticolus (black morph) – Gyrfalcon, Appendix I head and upper parts predominantly brown

lower parts brown

ID Note:

This is a juvenile colour morph of F. rusticolus. After >««À Ý >Ìi ÞÊÓÊÞi>ÀÃ]ÊÌ iÊ dark plumage will be replaced by typical adult, grey morph « Õ >}iÊ­«>}iÊÇ®° Juvenile

Size:Ê/ Ê{n ÈäÊV Ê

Trade: i}> Ê} L> ÊÌÀ>`iÊ ÊF. rusticolus

Ê Ê

VÀi>Ãi`Ê ÊÌ iÊ£ äÃ]Ê> `Ê>««i>ÀÃÊÌ ÊLiÊ on the rise.

7Ê > iÊ È£ £ÎÓä g 7Êvi > iÊ£ÓÈÓ Ó£ää g

Subspecies:

É

Countries of import: U.A.E. is the major

importer. Qatar (primarily from the U.K.), U.K., Germany and U.S.A.

Range: Arctic and subarctic regions of

ÕÀ «i]Ê Ã >Ê> `Ê ÀÌ Ê iÀ V>°

Countries of export/re-export: Canada,

NOTE: This species has other colour morphs. See pages 7 and 8 .

Germany, U.A.E., U.K. and U.S.A. Purpose: Commercial, personal.

ID:

Source: Main source on CITES permits

UÊ > ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ> `Ê> Ê vÊ i>`Ê predominantly dark chocolate brown UÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ`>À Ê

is listed as captive bred, but there are not many captive breeding facilities.

Adults: Adults of this colour morph will have typical adult grey morph plumage, and yellow cere, eye-rings and legs.

9

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Falco mexicanuss – *À> À i > V ] ««i ` Ý white behind eye

white stripe at nape

Adult

Size: / ÎÇ {Ç V

Trade: Falco mexicanuss is not common in

Ê

illegal trade. Its plumage closely resembles the juvenile plumage of many other species.

7 xää Èää g

Subspecies:

É

Range: Western United States and

northern Mexico.

In order to distinguish adult F. mexicanus from juveniles of other species, please refer to page 13 .

ID:

UÊ Ü Ìi Li ` Ì i iÞi UÊ Ü Ìi ÃÌÀ «i >Ì >«i UÊ `>À >Ài>à º>À « Ìû Similar species: juveniles of F. biarmicus,

F. jugger, F. cherrug.

10

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

ÀÌ iÀ Ê Ã >Ü ]Ê ««i ` ÝÊ

Accipiter gentilis – white eyebrow

dark patch

white eyebrow

dark patch European variety

North American variety

1 2 3 4

4 tail bars

Accipiter gentilis albidus

Accipiter gentilis

Size:Ê/ Ê{n Èn°xÊV Ê

Similar species: F. jugger, F. pelegrinoides

Ê Ê

Trade: Commonly used in falconry in

7Ê > iÊx£Ç ££Çä g (averageÊÇÓä g) 7Êvi > iÊnÓä £xä g (averageÊ££Îä g)

ÕÀ «iÊ> `Ê ÀÌ Ê iÀ V>]ÊLÕÌÊÀ>Ài ÞÊÕÃi`Ê in the Middle East.

Subspecies: A. g. gentilis, A. g. arrigonii,

A. g. buteoides, A. g. albidus, A. g. schvedowi, A. g. fujiyamae, A. g. atricapillus, A. g. laingi, A. g. marginatus, A. g. apache

Juvenile:

UÊ LÀ Ü ÊÕ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌà UÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊÀi`` à ÊÞi ÜÊ> `Êë ÌÌi`Ê UÊ Þi ÜÊ À ÃÊ­V V ÊL Õi }ÀiÞÊ À î°Ê/ ÃÊ À ÃÊ will change to adult orange coloration LÞÊÌ iÊ{Ì ÊÞi>À°Ê

Range:Ê ÕÀ «i]Ê ÀÌ Ê iÀ V>Ê> `Ê northern Asia.

ID:

UÊ Ü ÌiÊiÞiLÀ ÜÊÃÌÀ «iÊ UÊ `>À Ê«>ÌV ÊiÝÌi ` }ÊvÀ ÊiÞiÊÌ Êi>À UÊ Õ««iÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ}ÀiÞÊqÊvi > iÊ >ÞÊLiÊLÀ Ü iÀ UÊ ÜiÀÊ«>ÀÌÃÊ«> iÊÜ Ì Êv iÊ À â Ì> Ê ÃÌÀ «iÃÊ­ÛiÀÞÊv iÊ Ê °Ê iÀ V> ÊÛ>À iÌÞ®° UÊ À ÃÊ À> }iÊÌ ÊÀi`Ê­Ì iÊ `iÀÊÌ iÊL À`]ÊÌ iÊ redder the colour) UÊ {ÊÜ `iÊ À â Ì> ÊÃÌÀ «iÃÊ ÊÌ> Ê

ÀÊ}i iÀ> ÊAccipiter characteristics see page v

11

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES JUVENILES

Juvenile Falco spp.

Falco biarmicus – juvenile

Falco peregrinus – juvenile

Falco jugger – juvenile

Falco cherrug – juvenile 12

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES JUVENILES

Juvenile Falco spp.

Given that many falcons, especially juveniles, are similar in appearance, it is possible that a high-value specimen might be declared as some other species. Juveniles can be very difficult to identify. If you are unable to make an identification, be sure to detain the specimen and refer to an expert.

Differentiation of juvenile Falco spp.

F. mexicanus F. biarmicus F. jugger F. cherrug – This species will be the largest.

A common trait in juveniles of the genus Falco, is the blue-grey coloration of the ring around the eyes, the cere and sometimes the legs. In adults these features will be yellowish.

They all have: – brown upper parts – pale under parts with varying degrees of brown spotting or streaking – white forehead – white eyebrow stripe – dark eye stripe and malar stripe

In many species, the juvenile will have brown upper parts, and will have lower parts that are darker and more heavily marked than the adult.

F. rusticolus white morph – predominantly white, with brown markings.

A mix of brown and grey plumage on the upper parts may indicate that the specimen is a juvenile in the process of replacing its brown, juvenile feathers with grey, adult feathers.

F. rusticolus black morph – refer to page Similar Species: Adult F. mexicanus are quite similar to the juveniles of F. biarmicus, F jugger, and F. cherrug.

However, the adult can sometimes be distinguished from these juveniles by the presence of the yellow adult coloration in the cere and the ring around the eye.

In the samples to the left note that Falco biarmicus, F. peregrinus and F. jugger all have more extensive brown coloration on the lower parts than the adults of the species. Falco cherrug à ÜÃÊÞi Ü Ã ÊviiÌÆÊ however the eye area and cere are the bluegrey colour of a juvenile. Falco biarmicus displays a yellowish colour on the eye area, ViÀiÊ> `Ê i}ÃÆÊ ÜiÛiÀ]ÊÌ iÊ i>Û ÞÊÃÌÀi> i`Ê lower parts reveal it does not yet have its adult plumage.

ID Note:

There is potential for juveniles of Appendix I species to be declared as Appendix II species or as adult Falco mexicanus. Verify the colour of the cere and eye ring of any juveniles. Refer to an expert.

13

9

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES HYBRIDS

Falco spp. – Hybrids

1

2

Hybrid F. rusticolus x F. cherrug juvenile

Hybrid F. rusticolus (white morph) x F. peregrinus

3

4

Hybrid F. rusticolus (grey morph) x F. peregrinus

Hybrid F. rusticolus x F. pelegrinoides 14

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES HYBRIDS

Falco spp. – Hybrids Hybrids may be mistaken for one parent or the other, or may demonstrate a variety of blends of parental characteristics.

Hybrids may also be bred in genetic ÝÌÕÀiÃÊ vÊxä¯ xä¯]ÊÈÓ°x¯ ÎÇ°x¯]Ê Çx¯ Óx¯]Ê ÀÊ ÊV L >Ì ÃÊ vÊ ÀiÊ than two species.

Example 1 This bird with its white head, chest and legs indicates white F. rusticolusÊ}i iÃÆÊ however, the dark, densely marked back and the “caramel” markings seen on the wings indicate F. cherrug genes.

Example 2 This bird displays the general colour pattern of F. peregrinusÆÊ ÜiÛiÀ]ÊÌ iÊÛiÀÞÊ thin malar stripe and the amount of white on the head and neck indicates a cross with F. rusticolus°Ê Ì ÊF. peregrinus and F. rusticolusÊ >ÛiÊ>ÊÜ ÌiÊV iÃÌÆÊ ÜiÛiÀ]Ê the extent of the white in this hybrid indicates the presence of F. rusticolus genes.

The creation of falcon hybrids using artificial insemination to boost size, strength and vigour is quite common. ÞLÀ `ÃÊ>ÀiÊÕ «Ài` VÌ>L ÞÊÛ>À >L iÆÊÌ iÞÊ may have any mixture of characteristics, and the mix is not consistent – for example, one F. rusticolus x F. peregrinus can look very different from another.

When identifying hybrids it is best to compare it to the parent (or grandparent) species and then look to see if the bird has some traits common to these species. In ÃÌÊV>ÃiÃÊ ÞLÀ `ÃÊÜ ÊLiÊ>Êxä xäÊ Ý°

Example 3 At first glance this bird could be identified as F. rusticolus with its brownish-grey coloration and the markings on the lower body. However, the suggestion of a thin malar stripe, the light area around the neck, and the light breast indicate F. peregrinus genes. (As well the distinct “salmon”colour in the light areas of the neck and breast are distinctive to the subspecies F. peregrinus anatum.)

A few tips can assist with the identification of hybrids.

UÊ vÊÌ iÊL À`Ê ÃÊ >À}iÊ­/ Ê}Ài>ÌiÀÊÌ > Ê xäÊV ®]Ê ÌÊ i ÞÊ >ÃÊF. cherrug or F. rusticolus genes.

Example 4 At first glance the bird has the general characteristics of F. pelegrinoides. However, if you refer to page 5 , you will notice the predominant malar stripe is missing.

Crossing F. pelegrinoides with a white or light F. rusticolus has reduced the malar stripe trait considerably.

UÊ ÞLÀ `ÃÊ vÊëiV iÃÊ vÊ` vviÀi ÌÊà âiÃÊ will usually result in a size between Ì iÊÌÜ °Ê ÀÊiÝ> « i]Ê>ÊF. peregrinus x F. rusticolus will almost always be larger than F. peregrinus, and smaller than F. rusticolus.

UÊ ÊF. rusticolus x F. pelegrinoides hybrid V Õ `Êi>à ÞÊÜi } ÊÓää ÎääÊ}À> ÃÊ ÀiÊ than a pure F. pelegrinoides male.

15

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES

Falco mexicanus – *À> À iÊ > V Falco rusticolus – Gyrfalcon

Example of a falcon hood Falco biarmicus – > iÀÊ > V 16

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INDEX Names Scientific names Page Accipiter gentilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ì> Ê > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Anatum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus anatum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Autour des palombes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Azor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Azor común . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÀL>ÀÞÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Duck Hawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eyass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. (juvénile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug altaicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco gentilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco kreyenborgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco madens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco mexicanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11 11 11 5 4 12 6 2 6 11 3 4 4 10 5 4

Falco peregrinus babylonicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

>ÕV Ê`iÊ >ÀL>À i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÕV Ê`iÃÊ«À> À ià . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÕV Ê}iÀv>ÕÌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÕV Ê >}}>À . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

>ÕV Ê > iÀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÕV Ê«m iÀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >ÕV ÊÃ>VÀi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gavilàn azor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gerfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 7

10 7 3 2 4 6 11 7

Gerfaucon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gerfaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Goshawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Àii > `Ê > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

17

7

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INDEX Names Scientific names Page ÞÀÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Gyrfalcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gyrkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Gyrperegrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gyrsaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gyrshaheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus x Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Habicht. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

Halcón blancuzco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón borní. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón común . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > V Ê`iÊ iÀLiÀ > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón de la praderas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Halcón gerifalte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón mejicano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón peregrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > V Ê«iÀi}À Ê`iÊ >L V> . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón pradeño . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

14 14 11

2 4 5 10 7 10 4 5 10 4

Halcón sacre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón viajero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Halcón yággar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hurr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

Hypotriorchis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vi > `Ê > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jerfalcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jerkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus (mâle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iv

i ÃV `̽ÃÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus kreyenborgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >LÀ>` ÀÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >}}>À . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >}}>Àv> i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

>}}iÀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > iÀ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > iÀÊv> V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > iÀiÌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus (mâle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

> iÀv> i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco biarmicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Õ}}iÀ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco jugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

18

4 3 7

7 7 7

7 3 3

2 2 2

3

THE CITES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO FALCONRY SPECIES INDEX Names Scientific names Page ÀÌ iÀ Ê Ã >Ü . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accipiter gentilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Peales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus pealei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Peals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus pealei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Peregrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *iÀi}À iÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *À> À iÊ > V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Präiriefalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco mexicanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Red-naped Shaheen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco pelegrinoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shaheen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tercel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco spp. (mâle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Turel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco rusticolus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wanderfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco peregrinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Würgfalke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Falco cherrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

4 4 10 10 5 6 4 iv 7 4 6

Credits The CITES Identification Guide to Falconry Species An initiative of Environment Canada and the CITES Secretariat Research, Concept and Production: John Sellar, CITES Secretariat, the CITES Enforcement />ĂƒÂŽĂŠ ÂœĂ€Vi]ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ ˆ˜`Ăƒ>ÞÊ ÂœÂŤÂ?>˜`]ĂŠ7ˆÂ?`Â?ˆviĂŠ ˜vÂœĂ€Vi“iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ ÂˆĂ€iVĂŒÂœĂ€>ĂŒi]ĂŠ Â˜Ă›ÂˆĂ€ÂœÂ˜Â“iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ >˜>`> Graphic Design and Illustration: Tamara Maliepaard Published by Environment Canada

Photography Credits All falcon photographs with the exception of those mentioned below were provided by: Falcon Environmental Services Inc. Óäqx™xĂŠ ˆ}}ĂŠ,Âœ>`ĂŠ Â?iĂ?>˜`Ă€Âˆ>]ĂŠ"Â˜ĂŒ>Ă€ÂˆÂœĂŠ ä ĂŠÂŁ ä /iÂ?°\ĂŠĂˆÂŁĂŽÂ‡xĂ“x‡™™™nĂŠ >Ă?\ĂŠĂŠĂˆÂŁĂŽÂ‡xĂ“x‡{Ă“ĂŽĂŽ ˆ˜vÂœJv>Â?Vœ˜°LâÊUĂŠĂœĂœĂœÂ°v>Â?Vœ˜°Lâ

ÂœĂ›iĂ€]ĂŠ*iĂ€i}Ă€ÂˆÂ˜iĂŠ >Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ iÂœvvĂŠ Ă•VÂ…iĂ€>]ĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŒÂœVÂŽÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂ°Vœ“ /ÂˆĂŒÂ?iĂŠÂŤ>}i]ĂŠ*iĂ€i}Ă€ÂˆÂ˜iĂŠ >Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ ÂœÂ…Â˜ĂŠ*ˆVÂ…iĂ€]ĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŒÂœVÂŽÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂ°Vœ“ *>}i棊]ĂŠ*Ă€>ÂˆĂ€ÂˆiĂŠ >Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ7ˆÂ?Â?ˆ>“Ê-V…“œŽiĂ€]ĂŠÂ…ĂŒĂŒÂŤ\ÉÉLĂ€`ÂŤÂˆVĂƒÂ°LÂ?Âœ}ĂƒÂŤÂœĂŒÂ°Vœ“ *>}i棊]ĂŠ*Ă€>ÂˆĂ€ÂˆiĂŠ >Â?VÂœÂ˜ĂŠÂ…i>`\ĂŠ ˆ˜`Ăƒ>ÞÊ ÂœÂŤÂ?>˜` *>}iĂŠÂŁĂˆ]ĂŠ*Ă€>ÂˆĂ€ÂˆiĂŠ >Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ ÂœĂ•}ĂŠ >VÂŽÂ?Ă•Â˜`]ĂŠÂ…ĂŒĂŒÂŤ\Ă‰Ă‰ĂœÂˆÂ?`ÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœ}Ă€>…Þ°Vœ“ *>}iĂŠÂŁĂˆ]ĂŠ ÞÀv>Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ ˜}>ĂŠ Ă€i˜˜>Â˜ĂŠqĂŠ*Â…ÂœĂŒÂœ}Ă€>…ÞÊEĂŠ iĂƒÂˆ}˜]ĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŒÂœVÂŽÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂ°Vœ“ *>}iĂŠÂŁĂˆ]ĂŠ œœ`\ĂŠ/>Â˜Ăž>ĂŠ Â?Ăž`i]ĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŒÂœVÂŽÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂ°Vœ“ *>}iĂŠÂŁĂˆ]ĂŠ >˜˜iÀÊ >Â?Vœ˜\ĂŠ Ă€>Â…>“Ê iĂžĂœÂœÂœ`]ĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŒÂœVÂŽÂŤÂ…ÂœĂŒÂœĂƒÂ°Vœ“

Acknowledgements Dr. Pepper W. Trail]ĂŠÂœĂ€Â˜ÂˆĂŒÂ…ÂœÂ?Âœ}ÂˆĂƒĂŒ]ĂŠ >ĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜>Â?ĂŠ ÂˆĂƒÂ…ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ7ˆÂ?`Â?ˆviĂŠ ÂœĂ€iÂ˜ĂƒÂˆVĂƒĂŠ >LÂœĂ€>ĂŒÂœĂ€ĂžĂŠ ­1°-°Ê ÂˆĂƒÂ…ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ7ˆÂ?`Â?ˆviĂŠ-iĂ€Ă›ÂˆViÂŽ Dr. Margit Gabriele Muller]ĂŠ >˜>}iĂ€]ĂŠ LĂ•ĂŠ Â…>LÂˆĂŠ >Â?VÂœÂ˜ĂŠ ÂœĂƒÂŤÂˆĂŒ>Â?

Mark Bell, Royal Ontario Museum Steve Downing, Operation Artemis Tyler Hoar