Status of the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca in Macedonia between 2004 and 2013
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
HABITATS
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Ovce Pole (central Macedonia) is open and hilly terrain with the elevation ranging between 150 and 400m. The region consist of dry grasslands, arable lands and small forests of oak species In these areas, Imperial Eagle nests are mainly located in poplar trees (Populus alba) along small rivers and streams and also on oak(Cvercus ceris) on the hills.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
The second habitat is typified by a more rugged and forested terrain along Vardar river valley. This habitat consists of hill pastures, arable lands and gardens. The mass cutting of poplars along river, forces eagles to nest in high-voltage pylons.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
BREEDING DISTRIBUTION
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
1
Negotino
old
21
Tripatanci
old
43
Zubovce
old
2
Crveni Bregovi
old
22
Vakaf
active
44
Nikuljane
active
3
Dzidimirci
old
23
Topolovik new
old
45
Mamutchevo
old
4
Luda Mara
old
24
Topolovik old
old
46
Popovica
old
5
Crna Reka
old
25
Zubovce
old
47
Lepopelci
active
6
Bregalnica
old
26
Makresh
old
48
Saramzalino
active
7
Gradsko
active
27
Mamutchevo
old
49
Nogaevci
active
8
Kochilari
old
28
Karatmanovo
old
50
Makresh
old
9
Karaslari
active
29
Nogaevci
old
51
Bajlovce
active
10
Chuloshevo
old
30
Farma Chichevo
old
52
Sokolarci
active
11
Sojaklari
old
31
Dubrovo
old
53
Kocilari
old
12
Kjoseleri
old
32
Dubrovo
active
54
Dorfulija
active
11
Bogoslovec
old
33
Koreshnica
active
55
Dzidimirci
active
12
Erdzelija
active
34
Patetino
active
56
Krushevica
old
13
Sudic
old
35
Puzderci
active
57
Gradsko
old
14
Stamulovci
active
36
Crnilishte
old
58
Gradsko
old
15
Mechkuevci
active
37
Mamutchevo2
active
59
Topolnica
old
16
Orel
active
38
Novo Selo
active
60
Shtip
old
17
Dolno Djugance
active
39
vrba Gradsko
old
61
Klechevce
active
18
Preodski Nivi
active
40
Palikura
active
62
Murgash
old
19
Sveti Nikole
active
41
Mushinci
old
63
Makresh
active
20
Shupli Kamen
active
42
Kocilari
active
64
63 breeding territories 29 active breeding couples Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Activ nests Reserve or abandoned nests Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Year
Occupied nests
Successful nests
Number of fledged young
Young per successful nest
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
17 17 17 20 16 19 25 29 29 27
17 17 11 20 16 19 25 29 29 23
23 23 13 29 23 26 35 40 40 25
1,35 1,35 1,18 1,45 1,44 1,37 1,40 1,38 1,38 1,09
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2004
2005
2006
2007
Occupied nests
2008 Successful nests
2009
2010
2011
Number of fledged young
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
2012
2013
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
In the past Imperial Eagles were considered to be migratory. Recent observations demonstrate that breeding pairs , even some of the young eaglets, are wintering in their breeding territories or around rubbish dump of big cities.
On the feeding place in Ergelija
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
DIET
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
THREATS
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
- Breeding habitat loss - Feeding possibility - Poisoning - Electrocution - Disturbance Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Breeding habitat loss Breeding habitat loss is one of the main threats. The illegal tree felling are serious threats. The majority of nests are in poplar trees, which are usually the only remaining tall trees in the lowland areas.
The mass cutting of poplars significantly reduces the number of suitable nest sites.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Feeding possibility Very important threat is abandonment of pastures due to the decrease of livestock numbers. This in turn contributes to the decrease in hunting possibilities because grazing keeps the grass short.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Poisoning Poisoning is a potential threat since there are cases of poisoned vultures in Ovce pole. Poisoning is incidental and is the part of fight of poor farmers with wolves. But unfortunately, the victims are always vultures and other birds of pray.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Electrocution There is several evidence of an Imperial Eagle dying due to electrocution. The power line network in Macedonia includes many dangerous structures for birds. There are several cases of other raptors being killed or injured from collisions or electrocutions, so this threat can be serious problem and cannot be ignored.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Disturbance
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
CONSERVATION
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
In Macedonia, the Imperial Eagle is strictly protected. Poisoning, shooting or trapping are completely forbidden. Nevertheless it is necessary to implement more serious conservation measures for their protection.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
In 2012 are placed 25 nest platforms on the high-voltage pylons in Ovce pole which will help in increasing of nesting possibilities.
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
The feeding place in the area of Ovce pole were operate regularly until 2009
The most regular visitors on this feeding place are Imperial eagles in groups from 4-10 birds, especially juveniles during winter. Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
This year team of MME-Hungary placed 5 satellite transmitters on eaglets
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila
Thank you for your attention
Emanuel Lisichanets NCA - Aquila