Building Science and Services

BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION" ASSIGNMNET 02

REANIE SYNNIE KOH 0337721

TOC

TABLE OF CONTENTS Project 2A Space description & Floor plan

01

Dimension of walls Wall 1 & 2

02

Wall 3 & 4

03

R Value Table

04

Internal and External temperature (7a.m, 12p.m and 5p.m)

05

Heat transfer calculation

06-09

Conclusion

10

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

REPORT

FLOOR PLAN

SPACE DESCRIPTION WALL 1 (W1) 115mm(4.5 ') thick Brick wall with 40mm(1.6inch) solid core wood door WALL 2 (W2) 115mm(4.5 ') thick Brick wall WALL 3 (W3) 115mm(4.5 ') thick Brick wall with aluminium frame glass window WALL 4 (W4) 115mm (4.5 ') thick Brick wall

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 02

REPORT

DIMENSION OF WALLS

WALL 1 (W1) Brick wall

Solid core wood

Area of wall = 3380mm x 2891mm =9774471mm² /1000000

Area of Door = 830mm x 2350mm = 1950500mm²/1000000 =1.95m²

=9.7m² =104.41 ft²

Total area of wall = 104.41ft² - 21ft² =83.41ft²

WALL 2 (W2) Brick wall Area of wall = 8233mm x 2891mm =23801603mm² /1000000 =23.8m² =256.2 ft² Total area of wall = 256.21ft²

= 21ft²

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 03

REPORT

DIMENSION OF WALLS

WALL 3 (W3) Concrete Masonry wall

Glass single pane

Area of wall = 3280mm x 2891mm

Area of Window = 1250mm x 1800mm =2250000mm²/1000000 =2.25m²

=9482480mm² /1000000 =9.5m² =102 ft² Total area of wall = 102 ft² - 24.2ft² =77.8ft²

WALL 4 (W4) Concrete Masonry wall Area of wall = 8233mm x 2891mm =23801603mm² /1000000 =23.8m² =256.2 ft² Total area of wall = 256.21ft²

=24.2 ft²

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

REPORT

R VALUE TABLE

PAGE 04

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 05

REPORT

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE ( °F) 7 A.M 100°F 75°F 50°F 25°F 0°F

WALL 1

WALL 2

WALL 3

WALL 4

12 A.M 100°F 75°F 50°F 25°F 0°F

WALL 1

WALL 2

WALL 3

WALL 4

WALL 3

WALL 4

5 P.M 100°F 75°F 50°F 25°F 0°F

WALL 1

WALL 2

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 06

REPORT

WALL 1 (W1) HEAT CALCULATION TRANSFER

Thickness of wall: Total area of wall =104.41ft² - 21ft² =83.41 ft² R-value for brick wall = 0.80/4= 0.20 per inch =0.20 x 4.5' =0.9 R-value fro solid core wood door =2.17/1.75= 1.24 per inch =1.24 x 1.6'

12 A.M Internal temperature: 68 °F External temperature: 77°F Temperature difference, ^T= 9 °F Q = (A x ^T) / R Q1 =83.41ft² x9 °F/ 0.90 =834 Btu/hr Q2=83.41ft² x 9 °F/ 1.984 =378.3 Btu/hr Total Q= Q1+Q2= 1212.3 Btu/hr

=1.984

7 A.M

5 P.M

Internal temperature: 68 °F External temperature: 77°F Temperature difference, ^T= 9 °F

Internal temperature: 68 °F External temperature: 77°F Temperature difference, ^T= 9 °F

Q = (A x ^T) / R Q1=83.41ft² x 9°F/ 0.90 = 834 Btu/hr

Q = (A x ^T) / R Q1 =83.41ft² x9 °F/ 0.90 =834 Btu/hr Q2=83.41ft² x 9 °F/ 1.984 =378.3 Btu/hr

Q2=83.41ft² x 9°F/ 1.984 =378.3 Btu/hr

Total Q= Q1+Q2= 1212.3 Btu/hr Total Q= Q1+Q2=1212.3 Btu/hr

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 07

REPORT

WALL 2 (W2) HEAT CALCULATION TRANSFER 7 A.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 73.4°F Temperature difference, T= 5.4 °F Area of wall = 8233mm x 2891mm = 23.8m² =256.2ft²

Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 5.4 °F/ 0.90 =1537.2 Btu/hr

12 A.M R-value for brick wall = 0.80/4= 0.20 per inch =0.20 x 4.5' =0.9

Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 73.4 °F Temperature difference, T= 5.4 °F Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 5.4 °F/ 0.90 =1537.2 Btu/hr

5 P.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 73.4 °F Temperature difference, T= 5.4 °F Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 5.4 °F/ 0.90 =1537.2 Btu/hr

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 08

REPORT

WALL 3 (W3) HEAT CALCULATION TRANSFER Total area of wall = 102 ft² - 24.2ft² =77.8ft² R-value for brick wall = 0.80/4= 0.20 per inch =0.20 x 4.5' =0.9 R-value for signle glass pane = 0.91/0.25= 3.64 per inch =3.64 x 2' =7.28

7 A.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 84.2 °F Temperature difference, T= 16.2°F Q = (A x ^T) / R Q1=77.8ft² x16.2°F/0.90 =1400.4 Btu/hr Q2=24.2 ft² x 16.2°F/ 7.28 = 53.85 Btu/hr Total Q= Q1+Q2=1454.25Btu/hr

12 A.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 87.8°F Temperature difference, T= 19.8°F Q = (A x ^T) / R =77.8ft² x 19.8°F/ 0.90 =1711.6 Btu/hr Q2=24.2 ft² x 19.8°F/ 7.28 = 65.82 Btu/hr Total Q= Q1+Q2=1777.42Btu/hr

5 P.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 91.4°F Temperature difference, T= 23.4 °F Q= (A x ^T) / R =77.8ft² x 23.4°F/ 0.90 = =2022.8 Btu/hr Q2=24.2 ft² x 23.4°F/ 7.28 = 77.79Btu/hr Total Q= Q1+Q2=2100.59 Btu/hr

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION"

PAGE 09

REPORT

WALL 4 (W4) HEAT CALCULATION TRANSFER 7 A.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 75.2°F Temperature difference, T= 7.2°F Area of wall = 8233mm x 2891mm = 23.8m²

Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 7.2°F/ 0.90 =2049.6 Btu/hr

=256.2ft²

12 A.M R-value for brick wall = 0.80/4= 0.20 per inch =0.20 x 4.5' =0.9

Internal temperature: 68 °F External temperature: 75.2°F Temperature difference, T= 7.2°F Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 7.2°F/ 0.90 =2049.6 Btu/hr

5 P.M Internal temperature: 68°F External temperature: 75.2 °F Temperature difference, T= 7.2 °F Q = (A x ^T) / R =256.2ft² x 7.2°F/ 0.90 =2049.6 Btu/hr

PAGE 10

CONCLUSION According to the calculations, the critical wall identified is Wall 3 as it has the highest heat transmission rate. The cause for this is due to the window opening, which allows exposure to the outdoor environment. There is no thermal insulation installed.

BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND "INVENTION" ASSIGNMNET 02

REANIE SYNNIE KOH 0337721

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

DETACHABLE WINDOW COVERING DESIGN SOLUTION SKETCH- PROCREATE

FIG 1. EXPLODED VIEW OF PRODUCT (PROCREATE)

MATERIALS FIBREGLASS MESH PVC STRIPS REFLECTIVE FILM PLASTIC FILM GROOVE MAGNETIC STRIP SELF ADHESIVE MAGNETIC STRIP PVC CORNER PVC CLIP TAPE GLUE

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

ISSUES IWall 3, located on the East side is directly facing a park. During the day, when it's not so sunny, windows are opened to improve ventilation. However, mosquitos and insects have a tendency of entering. Glares are very strong during the afternoon, therefore, it can be uncomfortable to stay around that area.

Ideology I came up with a solution to limit heat transmission using the critical wall identified in Project 2A. A detachable window cover that doubles as a mosquito net during the day and significantly inhibits heat transfer. This product's concepts are based on personal experience.

There are moments during the day when it is very hot, and I have no choice but to draw the curtains. The downside is that it entirely blocks out light, making it impossible to see the outdoor view, and it gathers a lot of dust (traps small particles and debris).

Second, on windy days, windows are opened to allow fresh air in and enhance ventilation. Insects and mosquitos, on the other hand, have a tendency of entering.

To cope with this matter, this product can be used in multiple ways, depending on the situation.

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

FUNCTIONS #1 Window covering It can be detached from its main body and can be used solely as a window covering. It is magnetic and adheres to magnetic surfaces. (refer to figure 2)

fig 2. window covering

#2 Mosquito window screen It can be attached to the window covering or utilised on its own, depending on the situation. (refer to figure 3) #3 Magnetic memo board The magnets on the side gives the panel greater versatility, allowing it to hold decorative magnets and display

fig 3. mosquito window screen

postcards or memos. (refer to figure 4)

fig 4. Magnetic memo board

PROS AND CONS PROS

CONS

COMPACT REDUCES HEAT TRANSFER

UNABLE TO REPLACE MATERIALS

LIGHT CONTROL/ UV

SEALING MIGHT WEAR OFF OVER

PROTECTION

TIME

ANTI MOSQUITO

ONLY WORKS FOR WINDOW

EASY INSTALLATION

REGULAR CLEANING

PRIVACY MINIMAL MAINTENANCE FLEXIBLE & DURABLE DOES NOT DAMAGE WINDOW STRUCTURE COST EFFECIENT

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

PROCESS

PART 1

1. Measure the PVC strips

2. Cut the excessive length of PVC

3. Arrange the PVC strips accordingly and secure the corners with tape

4. Place the fiberglass mesh on top

5. Repeat Step 1-3 for the magnetic strips

6. Glue the magnetic strips accordingly

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

PROCESS

PART 1

7. Cut off the excessive mesh

8. Assemble the frame with the PVC clip and corner

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

PROCESS PART 2

9. Repeat Step 1-4

11. Place the plastic film on the reflective film and cut the excessive length.

13. Align the reflective film layer and glue the edges to the magnetic strip.

10. Place the plastic film on top and cut off excess

12. Remove the plastic liner on the reflective film and carefully stick.

14. Complete and may attach product to the other half completed in Part 1.

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

FINAL PRODUCT

FIG 5. VIEW OF COMPLETED PRODUCT

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

DETAILS

PVC clips are installed to ensure each component is serried together.

Handle corners (pull tabs) provide ease in removing the panel . It is used to lift the screen out.

Fig 6. PVC clip

Fig 7. PVC handle corner (pull tab) back view

Fig 8. PVC handle corner (pull tab) front view

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

DECIDING ON THE TYPES OF MATERIAL FIBREGLASS MESH -Anti-mosquito, lightweight PVC STRIPS - Frame, comes in 3 colours REFLECTIVE FILM -reduce heat transfer, visual comfort, light control, privacy GROOVE MAGNETIC STRIP - easy installation, without affecting the appearance of the panel, other functions( displaying memos)

SELF ADHESIVE MAGNETIC STRIP -

without adding anything permanent on the

window's surface, easily removed

STRIP CORNER - to remove the panel (hassle-free) STRIP HOLDER - to ensure each layers are held tightly SUPER GLUE

LIST AND COST OF MATERIALS

PASSIVE/GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

REPORT

DESIGN VALUE WORTH (RM) Average price (RM) = 50+6+29+30+20+25+15+35+30+65+50++15+50+30+15+25+35+18+55+20+40 21 = RM31.3

Average price- Actual cost of product =RM31.3 - RM27.3 = RM4

=

RM4

x 100

RM31.3

= 12.9%

REFLECTION Based on the design value of the product, my classmates have offered a relatively fair price. As the calculation shows that I have gained a positive profit percentage of 12.9%. Calculations were based on the "buying price' for my prototype. Although it was a positive outcome, I still think the choice of materials could be improved such as finding better magnetic strip suppliers who offers at a lower cost and finding a better alternative for the relfective film as it is usually sold at a higher cost. In my opinion, I think I have learnt a lot in this project, learning about materials that are good heat insulators and how it can be used in many creative ways.

REANIE KOH 0337721

BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN IN KITCHEN REANIE KOH 0337721

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

ORIGINAL KITCHEN Materials Countertop: Quartz countertop Sink: Granite composite sink Cabinet: Dark grey laminated particle board with J channel rail pulls Wall: Marble Floor: Ceramic tile

PICTURES OF ORIGINAL KITCHEN

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

TASK 1A: SITE STUDY AND RE-DESIGN KITCHEN ORIGINAL KITCHEN LAYOUT PLAN AUTOCAD

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

INTERVIEW WITH FAMILY CHEF (MOM)

Question 1: How would you assess the efficiency and comfort of the kitchen on a scale of 1 to 5?

Answer: I'd give it a 3.5 because there is sufficient counter space and cabinetry.

Question 2:What do you dislike most about your present kitchen?

Answer: I would say the traffic pattern. Because of the enormous kitchen isle, traffic movement in the kitchen is awkward when 3-4 people are present.

Question 3: Can you list out some details of the kitchen that are important to you?

Answer: The arrangement of appliances, lighting and space!

Question 4: What types of enhancements do you want to make?

Answer: easier-to-clean materials, newer electrical appliances, and better lighting.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

KITCHEN RE-DESIGN Based on the feedbacks given by the family chef, several adjustments are to be made. Minimise the size of the kitchen isle, imrpove the lighting and to rearrange the built-in electrical appliances. Rearrange plugs and sockets. Addition of fire sprinklers.

REDESIGNED KITCHEN LAYOUT PLAN

AUTOCAD

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

KITCHEN RE-DESIGN REDESIGNED KITCHEN ELEVATIONS

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

TASK 1B: DESIGNING AND JUSTIFICATION OF BUILDING SERVICES SECTION AN LOCATION ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING AND VAC Specifications for electrical equipments Samsung-Counter Depth Side-by-Side Refrigerator with Touch Screen Family Hub (black) Wifi connectivity + internal camera+family hub Refrigerant- R600A No. of doors- 2 Volt/ Amps- 115V/60Hz/ 5.0 A Total capacity- 22cu.ft Energy consumption- 636 kWh/year Dimension (incl hinges, handle and door)35.6' (W) x 70' (H) x 28' (D) Weight- 256lbs (counter depth) Additional features: In-door ice maker (Produces ice at a high capacity while saving shelf space for frozen food) Adjustable top shelf (Easily adjusted to fit user's needs) Gallon door bins (Provides more shelf space inside the fridge) Fridge is an important appliacne in every kitchen . It helps to reduce your weekly grocery visits in this time of crisis. It also offers better organsation enabling you to organise its contents and the family hub allows you to have an overview of whats in your kitchen.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

ELECTRICAL, LIHTGING AND VAC Specifications for electrical equipments

Samsung-Front Load Washer Dryer with AI Ecobubble™, 13KG Wash & 8KG Dry (black) washing capacity- 13kg Drying capacity- 8kg Net weight- 82kg Spin speed- 1400rpm Speed wash+ dry Dimension (incl hinges, handle and door)600mm(W) x 850mm (H) x 650mm (D) Design- Body colour (Inox) Door (Tint door+ Silver deco) Panel display (AI Control) Additional features: Auto dispense (Automatically dispenses the appropriate amount of detergent and softener for each load) Intelligent wash (Wash easily and effectively with powerful AI control. It personalises washing by remembering your habits, suggesting cycles and displaying timely information) Quick drive (half the time washing) Washing machine not only saves our time and physical effort but also saves water. It is also very important as it protects the clothes from getting damaged. Washing machines are available in a range of sizes allowing to fill them to the top with clothing or load larger items such as sheets an large comforters.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING AND VAC Specifications for electrical equipments

Samsung-Grill Microwave Oven with Healthy Grill Fry Function, 30L (black) Power consumption- 1400W Power Source- 240v/50z Power output- 900W Dimension- 517 (W) x 297.3(H) x 425.4mm(D) Installation type- freestanding Door type- Side swing with handle Cavity Material- Ceramic Enamel

In my house, we use the microwave pretty often, the previous model we had didn't have a handle, it was a button operated microwave. After some time, the button will stop working and tit gets really troublesome. This model has a side swing with handle so I assume this would compensate the previous model.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING AND VAC Specifications for electrical equipments OEM DOWNLIGHT (warm white) Wattage: 30W Size: 7 inch Colour:Warm white 6500k Lumen: 2900LM

I often feel that the illuminance for the lighting was too high. This helps to achieve a better lighting in terms of eye comfort. Achieves a desirable result.

Energy efficient due to the low voltage.

OEM kitchen under cabinet counter strip light Power: 28 Light colour: Warm white 6500k Input voltage: DC12V Lumen: 1000LM Having strips lights underneath the cabinet gives a better vision while working on the counter top.

Total daily kwhr of kitchen electrical equipments= 0.148

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

WATER SUPPLY AND PLUMBING

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

WATER SUPPLY AND PLUMBING

INSET TEGRANITE SINK TWO BOWL General measures Product width (mm): 510 Product depth (mm): 200 Product length (mm): 860 Net weight (Kg): 15,5 Base unit (cm): 90

PROS: Tegranite + Sink 2 Bowls High Resistance Surface To Impacts, Thermal Shocks And High Temperatures Excellent Uv Resistance Against Decoloring Bacteria-Free Surface Very Easy To Clean

The sink provides sufficient space for cleaning as it fits all the bigger sized pans and dishes. Its material will also prevent bacteria and very durable. The sink also has a sleek and modern design, therefore, it doesnt ruin the aesthetic of the kitchen.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

WATER SUPPLY AND PLUMBING

KOBIA PULLOUT MATTE BLAKC KITCHEN TAP Material: 59A Brass Main Body Working temperature: 0-70c Mounting hole: 35mm Laser logo Product type: Pull down kitchen Mixer Hot and cold water

This kitchen tap is manufactured with the finest materials, Its elements of minimalist design. I chose this because of it minimalistic look and that it has the function of a pull out sprayer, so that water can reach the corners of the sink easily.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

FIRE-SAFETY To improve fire safety in the kitchen, I've increased the width of the backdoor to allow for a speedy and effective evacuation in the event of a fire outbreak, as well as installing a fire sprinkler system (see fig. 3a) that provides adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system.

Besides adding fire fighting equipments, the choice of materials for kitchen worktops and cabinetry are also vital in preventing fire outbreaks. Thus, I have reselected the material for the kitchen countertop, which is granite (refer to fig.3b). It is one of the most heat-resistant countertop materials available in the market. The natural stone requires extremely high temperature to form. Therefore you can place pans straight of the the stove and not cause any harm to the surface.

Proving it to have a special resistance to heat damage.

(FIG. 3A, CEILING MOUNTED FIRE SPRINKLER)

(FIG. 3B, EXAMPLE OF GRANITE COUNTERTOPS)

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

COUNTERTOP MATERIAL

Granite countertop Power consumption- 1400W Power Source- 240v/50z Power output- 900W Dimension- 517 (W) x 297.3(H) x 425.4mm(D) Installation type- freestanding Door type- Side swing with handle Cavity Material- Ceramic Enamel Granite counter tops are not only safe and durable, but has its unique characteristic which is unable to copy. The surface can be re-polished after being scratched. Granite Countertops are a lifetime investiment.

BUILDING SERVICES DEISGN IN KITCHEN

REPORT

CONCLUSION

In this project, I have learnt ot pick the correct materials, to analyse and to pick the correct lighting. I was able to use my knowledge of building science to conduct this report. Being able to interact with my family for a project was a pretty good experience.

I have also learnt that it takes so many considerations to ensure the safety of a kitchen. From electrical wiring to water plumbing and materials used as well as a good kitchen layout.