STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, JACK REECE CUTAJAR
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION A1 DESIGN FUTURING A2 DESIGN COMPUTATION A3 COMPOSITION/ GENERATION A4 CONCLUTION A5 LEARNING OUTCOMES
PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN B1 RESEARCH FIELD B2 CASE STUDY 1 B3 CASE STUDY 2 B4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B4.1 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPE B6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL B7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
PART C: DETAILED DESIGN C1 DESIGN CONCEPT C2 TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES C3 . FINAL DETAIL MODEL C4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES APPENDIX - ALGROITHMIC SKETCHES
APPENDIX: BLUE BANDED BEE REASURCH
APPENDIX: MORTAR MATERIAL REASURCH APPENDIX: SITE ANALYSIS APPENDIX: FINAL PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
I’m Reece, a third-year environments student studying architecture at the university of Melbourne. Before architecture I studied building design at RMIT, at RMIT I learned programs like AutoCAD and Revit, I feel I have a great understanding of the workings of these programs. I have also begun to learn about Rhino in my second of the Environments Corse at Melbourne, though I am still a beginner at using this program. I have had a quick introductory into grasshopper and didn’t understand what was going on, though it was more of a show and tell.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
Last year I completed a subject where the idea of digital design became a focal point of the digital design and fabrication subject, in this course we were tasked to create something that can go around the body and provide some private space, weather that was visual, setback or something else. During the semester we were assigned reading tasks where we looked at different digital techniques and 3d printing techniques to produce these designs. The focus was on the digital fabrication side and how we can use these tools to create new and creative designs.
PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 5
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING
FIG.1 THE MONTREAL BIASPHERE
FIG.2 THE LIVING HI-FI
The Montreal biosphere was designed by Buckminister fuller in 1966. The dome was constructed in Montreal, Canada, to mixed opinions and may many environmental flaws. The intention of the architect was to design a dome that could use a 1/5 of the materials normally used in architecture design. Buckminster fuller wanted the structural design of the dome to be self-supporting and constructed with materials that are environmentally friendly in the hope that this dome can create a micro climate.
The similarity between Bucky fuller Montreal biosphere and David Benjamin who designed the living by HY-FI, is how these designers view architecture, similar they both view the use environmentally friendly building with the supported with the use sustainable materials, whilst designing efficient and comprehensive paradigm systems in close contact between nature and mankind. The bio organic material technology David used for the living structure, produces close to 0 emissions during its life period and after its life span the bio organic material can be returned into the environment where it came from.
The problems Buckminister fuller didn’t account for were the uncontrollable indoor temperatures due to the lack of ventilation and fragility of the facade covering the dome. The noise levels internally became unbearable with a lack of acoustic design. At the end of the day the sphere was not suitable for any urban environments due to the limited extendibility and due to the circulation of the structure they require fire prevention insulation and excellent ventilation systems that cannot be achieved with this design.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
The importance of these projects are the new inspiration and technology’s that have been developed, through the design process with the revolutionary self-supporting structure fuller has being developing over the years and for David the new bio organic materials that can be incorporated into the environment after its use. The bio sphere later on became a cultural centre focusing on the understanding of St Lawrence river and the ecosystems, this building has building has become a tribute to fully who has been recognized as brining the widespread use of sustainability to architecture.
FIG.3 DOLPHAN EMASSY SKETCH
FIG.4 DOLPHAN EMBASSY PLAN
The idea of a dolphin embassy was the inspiration by a small company called ant farm. The vision of a dolphin embassy was to create building around water that will allow for the of the research of the second smartest species, dolphins. The original concept for this to be an underwater building, this would have place the researchers in the same environment as the animal to better research them in a there home but, due to the financial costs of a structure like this, the concepts was reimagined to an above water facility. The original concept plans of the facility, has multiple water areas for the dolphins surrounded by research centres forming a triangle shaped multi- story facility, as shown in the image above.
the dolphin embassy was not the last concept to be designing to float on water, a pavilion in Rotterdam, Neverlands was constructed to float on the water. With climate change and the rise in water as the polar ice caps melt, a Dutch architect envisions future architectural city will be designed to float on water. This concept of a research facility that sits above water is a concept that looking in the future, if water level rises, floating architecture will be a necessity. The effect this will have animals on land, we use to research, farm or keep as pets. There will need to be consideration for the environment we are creating so too allow for these animals to survive, when the inevitability of our relocation onto water.
What this facility would have achieved if it was built, is unknown. The research of human and dolphin communication to this day would have ground-breaking, the relationship between humans and animals is a strange one where we as humans have been the alpha male in many respects, this is shown with the coverage of humans on this planet, also shown with the foods we eat but, there are animals we allow to live with use like cats and dogs where we treat them with respect and there are others that we would kill without a seconds hesitation. Most research facilities these days are used to experiment on animal for medical cures or makeup products or even killing animals for researching for anatomy research. CONCEPTUALISATION 7
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
The design process for an architect would be to research the property they are working with to find everything about the site, then would use this information to influence the design outcome with the parameter they have been giving by the client and the site by hand. The invention of the computer has been a massive timesaver for architects for the last couple of decades with the use of programs like AutoCAD and Revit with their ability to change layouts in a short time. But how has this influenced the design process? With programs like rhino and grasshopper, architects have more freedom to create unique complex geometries with tools that can give us immediate performance evaluations with a click of a button.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
This technology has improved the design process for architects with the limitless possibility that can be create with the use of an algorithm, that algorithm can then be used to determine the best design option for a parametric structure and how it reacts to its environment, with immediate design adjustment. The technology that architects now have with computer allow for the most average designer the ability of a super pen that allow them to design the most unique structure with the use of an algorithm. Technology is evolving faster then ever before, the use of computation has evolved the design process further then, what was ever possible.
FIG.5 GRASSHOPPER TUTORIAL
FIG.6 CONCRETE MOULD
CONCEPTUALISATION 9
A.2.1 PRECEDENCE STUDY
The Ai Concrete framework is constructed using custom 3d printing moulds. These 3d printed geometric walls become the supporting structure for the concrete. As show in figure ??, the parametric form of this mould is transferred into the concrete wall. These moulds produce zero waste and reduces the amount of labour intensive work with due to the programmed machinery. The advantage of using 3d melding allows for greater design flexibility of concrete walls. Most commercial concrete walls are produce with standard paten and liner finish. The influence of computation provides a flexibility that can redefine the parametric design of the mould, this will create more diverse concrete walls systems. The construction industry is always evolving, with the benefits of prefabrication, builders can construct houses faster than ever before.
FIG.7 CONCRETE MOULD TOP VIEW
The Amalgama a 3d printed object from Wonderlab shown in fg.???. the fabrication of the Amalagama is a standard 3d print but, the object itself is what is unique, the amalagama was 3d printed with different materials, each of these materials have a different role to play depending on its properties. This is quite unique with all 3d printed objects focusing on the one material type. The use of computing provides data for generating Bezier curves inside the octree voxels, that will intern combine to print the structure. On a larger scale the combination of different materials and 3d printing, can impact how we conceive these geometries, for example the performance of the materials used will allow for a longer durability and will expand the environments these structures can be placed. FIG.8 CONCRETE MOULD SIDE VIEW
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CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG.9 CONCRETE MOULD SECTION
FIG.10 CONCRETE FINISH PRODUCT
FIG.11 3D PRINTING MACHINE
FIG.12 3D PRINTING FINISH
CONCEPTUALISATION 11
A.3 COMPOSITION/ GENERATION
SILK PAVILION The silk pavilion is a 3d cocoon made from a 1km single silk thread, this thread wrapped around the 26-polygon panel structure using a algorithm. The threat is a multi-property silk threat, that allows for the structure to create different levels of density with the overlapping threads. Silkworms were added to the pavilion as a biological printer where they were able to reinforce patches of the pavilion. Research shows that silkworms prefer the darker, more dense areas of the silk pavilion due lack of light and the wormer temperatures. FIG.13 SILKWORM MONTAGE
This bottom up designed pavilion uses silkworms to manipulate the environment its surrounded by into a home with the use of it biological body. I think this case works for a bottom up design process, it allows the insects to manipulate its environment to suit its needs. The addition of using a material (silk thread) that the insect responds to will attract these animals to the structure. The relation ship between digital and biological fabrication for this project is well executed, I liked how they ‘design’ their own environment using the silk thread., I would of like to have seen the durability of this pavilion over time to see if it breaks down or dose the silkworms maintain the structure forever? FIG.14 SILKWORM INTERNAL
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CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG.15 SILKWORM CLOSE UP
FIG.16 PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF SILK PAVILION
FIG.17 CLOSE UP VIEW OF PAVILION SILK
FIG.18 COSE UP VIEW OF PAVILION STRUCTURE
CONCEPTUALISATION 13
A.4 CONCLUSION
Design Futuring section looked at the future of architecture, the future of sustainability and environmentally friendly materials. The case study for design Futuring, the Montreal biosphere and the living explored the technologies that were developed over the last couple of decades that can be important going forward for future architecture. This impact was shown in the Live with the innovative bio organic material that after is life span the material can be incorporated back into the environment with 0 emissions. The bio sphere was unique for it idea of creating a self-supporting structure that is being used today. Design computation investigated the innovative use of digital modelling and unique fabrication process. The case study examination the AI concrete framework produced by wonder lab. The parametric moulds for concrete structures, that are created using computation and 3d printing is an innovation for the unique geometries that can be created with concrete. Composition and Generation investigated the silk pavilion that was create and reinforced with silkworms. The facade of the pavilion was made form a single silk thread. The thread was interwoven over the polygon framing with the use of a robot arm. This project was very inspiring to see how an animal can manipulate the thread over time to create dense patches to lay eggs in the pavilion. I liked that we saw how these silkworms have their own unique designs when manipulating the silk thread.
My intended approach for the design moving forward will be to focus on the environmental manipulation of my researched material, to create a home for the blue banded bee to manipulate to suit its life style just as we do for our homes. I will also consider the sustainability and environmental impact of this structure, and how it effects the future generations of bees. this concept might not be ground breaking but, I feel more thought needs to be considers about the long-term effects of the structures we build and how this embassy can allow for bees and humans to coincide as most people are scared of bees. The benefit of a relationship between bees and humans is we provide more homes for animals that have being forced out due to the construction of residential and commercial homes us humans.
FIG.19 CLOSE UP VIEW OF BEE
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CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG.20 BLUE BANDED BEE HOME
CONCEPTUALISATION 15
A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES
I HAD A BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPUTING BEFORE THE SEMESTER STARTED, WITH THE PROJECTS IN DIGITAL DESIGN AND FABRICATION. I HAVE FOUND IT INTERESTING DELVING DEEPER INTO THE WORLD COMPUTATION WITH THE LEARNINGS OF GRASSHOPPER. I CAN’T SAY IT’S BEING SMOOTH SAILING BUT, THIS EXPERIENCE HAS BROUGHT NEW A DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION OF THE USE OF ALGORITHM IN DESIGN. THE KNOWLEDGE OF GRASSHOPPER WOULD HAVE BEEN EFFECTIVE IN THE SUBJECT, DIGITAL DESIGN AND FABRICATION AS IT WOULD ALLOW US TO EXPERIMENT WITH THE BONE STRUCTURE TO CREATE SOMETHING THAT IS MORE DYNAMIC AND STABLE. THESE PAST THREE WEEKS I HAVE COME TO UNDERSTAND HOW COMPUTING CAN BE IMPORTANT TO THE DESIGN PROCESS AND THE BENEFITS OF PROGRAMS LIKE GRASSHOPPER CAN HAVE ON THE FABRICATION AND STRUCTURE OF CONCEPT DESIGN.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 17
REFERENCES BIO SPHERE ARCHEYES 2016, MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://ARCHEYES.COM/MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE-1967-BUCKMINSTER-FULLER/ DAVID LANGDON 2014, MONTREAL BIOSPHERE VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCHDAILY. COM/572135/AD-CLASSICS-MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE-BUCKMINSTER-FULLER KRIS GRAVES, 2018, BIODEGRADABLE HY-FI VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.DESIGNBOOM.COM/ARCHITECTURE/ HY-FI-THE-LIVING-DAVID-BENJAMIN-MOMA-PS1-YOUNG-ARCHITECTS-PROGRAM-2014-07-01-2014/ HILIP STEVENS 2014, HY-FI VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.DESIGNBOOM.COM/ARCHITECTURE/ HY-FI-BY-THE-LIVING-WINS-MOMA-PS1-YOUNG-ARCHITECTS-PROGRAM-02-06-2014/ FRAC NCENTRE 2018, ANT FARM VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018,HTTP://WWW.FRAC-CENTRE.FR/_EN/ART-ANDARCHITECTURE-COLLECTION/ANT-FARM/DOLPHIN-EMBASSY-317.HTML?AUTHID=8&ENSEMBLEID=463 JACOBINE DAS GUPTA 2010, ANT FARM VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018,HTTPS://THEGREENTAKE.WORDPRESS.COM/2010/10/18/ROTTERDAM/ GREG 2010, CUE THE DOLPHIN EMBASSY VIEWED 15TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://GREG.ORG/ARCHIVE/2010/06/01/CUE-THE-DOLPHIN-EMBASSY.HTML AI BUILD 2017, CONCRETE FORMWORKVIEWED 15TH MARCH 2018,HTTP://AI-BUILD.COM/CONCRETEFORMWORK.HTML MIT LAB 2013, CONCRETE FORMWORKVIEWED 15TH MARCH 2018,HTTP://MATTER.MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO MIT LAB 2013, CONCRETE FORMWORKVIEWED 15TH MARCH 2018,HTTP://ARANDALASCH.COM/WORKS/20-BRIDGES-FOR-CENTRAL-PARK/
IMAGES FIG1: DAVID LANGDON, 2014, THE MONTREAL BIASPHERE, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 6 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW. ARCHDAILY.COM/572135/AD-CLASSICS-MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE-BUCKMINSTER-FULLER FIG2: KRIS GRAVES, 2014, THE LIVING HI-FI, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 6 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.DESIGNBOOM.COM/ ARCHITECTURE/HY-FI-THE-LIVING-DAVID-BENJAMIN-MOMA-PS1-YOUNG-ARCHITECTS-PROGRAM-2014-07-01-2014/ FIG3: FRAC, 2014, DOLPHAN EMASSY SKETCH, VIEWED 6 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.FRAC-CENTRE.FR/_EN/ART-ANDARCHITECTURE-COLLECTION/ANT-FARM/DOLPHIN-EMBASSY-317.HTML?AUTHID=8&ENSEMBLEID=463 FIG4: FRAC, 2014, DOLPHAN EMBASSY PLAN, VIEWED 6 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.FRAC-CENTRE.FR/_EN/ART-ANDARCHITECTURE-COLLECTION/ANT-FARM/DOLPHIN-EMBASSY-317.HTML?AUTHID=8&ENSEMBLEID=463 FIG5: ADMIN, 2017, RHINO GRASSHOPPER WORKSHOP, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP:// WWW.STUDIOROLA.COM/COURSE/RHINO-GRASSHOPPER-WORKSHOP-2/ FIG7: AI BUILD, 2017, CONCRETE MOULD TOP VIEW VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://AI-BUILD.COM/CONCRETEFORMWORK.HTML FIG8 AI BUILD, 2017, CONCRETE MOULD SIDE VIEW, VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://AI-BUILD.COM/CONCRETEFORMWORK.HTML FIG 9 AI BUILD, 2017, CONCRETE MOULD SECTION, VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://AI-BUILD.COM/CONCRETEFORMWORK.HTML FIG10 AI BUILD, 2017, CONCRETE FINISH PRODUCT, VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://AI-BUILD.COM/CONCRETEFORMWORK.HTML FIG11: WONDER LAB, 2017, 3D PRINTING MACHINE , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.W-O-N-D-E-R-L-A-B.COM/PORTFOLIO/AMALGAMA/ FIG12: WONDER LAB, 2017, 3D PRINTING FINISH , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.W-O-N-D-E-R-L-A-B.COM/PORTFOLIO/AMALGAMA/ FIG13: MATTER MEDIA 2013SILKWORM MONTAGE , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP://MATTER.MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 14MATTER MEDIA 2013 SILKWORM INTERNAL , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP://MATTER.MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 15MATTER MEDIA 2013 SILKWORM CLOSE UP , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP://MATTER.MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 16MATTER MEDIA 2013 PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF SILK PAVILION , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP://MATTER. MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 17MATTER MEDIA 2013 CLOSE UP VIEW OF PAVILION SILK , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP://MATTER. MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 18MATTER MEDIA 2013 COSE UP VIEW OF PAVILION STRUCTURE , VIEWED 15 MARCH 2018, HTTP:// MATTER.MEDIA.MIT.EDU/ENVIRONMENTS/DETAILS/SILK-PAVILLION#PRETTYPHOTO FIG 19: MAGDELINE LUM, 2013, FLOWER AND BLUE BANDED BEE , VIEWED 5 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://AUSTRALIANMUSEUM.NET.AU/IMAGE/AUSTRALIAN-BLUE-BANDED-BEE FIG:20 NATIVE BEES, 2011, BEE HABITAT , VIEWED 18 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.NATIVEBEES.COM.AU/SOLITARY-BEES
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CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 19
PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN
20
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 21
PART B1: RESEARCH FIELD VOLTADOM BY SKYLAR TIBBITS
CONSEPT DESIGN IMPLICATIONSTHE STUDIO SJET CREATED AN INSTALLATION THAT JOINS BUILDING 56 AND 66 TOGETHER, AT THE MIT CAMPUS. THE DESIGN USES PANEL SURFACES THAT HAVE BEEN EXPANDED DEPTH. THE DESIGN RESEMBLES A CELL THE CHANGES ITS RELATIONSHIP SCALE AND MULTIPLY TO BUILD A SOLID BOARDER, IT BECOMES A SELF-REPLICATING SYSTEM TO ADAPT TO ANY GIVEN SPACE. THE QUESTION ASK BY THE CREATORS OF THE VAULT REFERS TO THE FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURE, IS THE MATERIAL THAT IS SELF-REPLICATED, AND CAN IT BE ADAPTED TO CREATE BOUNDARY’S AND FILL VOIDS. OPERTUNITIES AND CONCERNS FOR FABRICATION THE ASSEMBLY OF THE VAULT, USES SINGLE STRIPES OF MATERIAL THAT IS BENT INTO SHAPE. WHILE MAINTAINING A RELATIVE EASE INSTALLATION AND ALLOW FOR A CHANGE IN SHAPE AND SPACE. THE SELFREPLICATING SYSTEM USED FOR THIS VAULT ALLOWS FOR A SIMPLIFIED DESIGN FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY. THE FABRICATION HAS BEEN INNOVATIVE THAT TRANSFORMS THE COMPLEX DOUBLE CURVED VAULT INTO A SIMPLE ROLLING SHEET. THIS PRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY THIS FABRICATION TO A LARGER SCALE. THE SCALE OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN CAN BE A ADJUSTED TO SUIT THE PROJECT. WITH THE ADDITION IF 3D PRINTING AND LASER CUTTING LARGER SCALE PROJECTS CAN BE CONSTRUCTED MORE EFFICIENTLY THEN EVER BEFORE. THE BIGGEST POTENTIAL DRAWBACK FOR A PROJECT LIKE THIS IS THE LONGEVITY AND THE COST. THE HIGH TRAFFIC OF UNIVERSITY BUILDING HAS. THE MATERIAL WILL NEED TO WITHSTAND THESE PRESSURES AND CHANGE IN TEMPERATURES AND AIR PRESSURE OF THE HALLWAY. THIS CAN BE MITIGATED WITH CONSTANT MAINTAINED AND A BETTER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.
FIG.21 4M LARGE SCALE MODEL
FIG.24 EXPANDING SPACE RENDER
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CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG.22 MODEL OF METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE
FIG.23 INTERGATED LANDSCAPE INTO FLOOR PLAN
FIG.25 SOUND CAVE
FIG.26 OVERHEAD VIEW OF MODEL
CONCEPTUALISATION 23
PART B2: CASE STUDY 1 SPECIES 1:
SPECIES 2:
SPECIES 3
SPECIES 4
24
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 25
PART B2: CASE STUDY 1
DESIGN POTENTIAL IN RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE THESE DESIGNS FOCUS THE MANIPULATION OF THE GEOMETRY TO ACHIEVE A SPACE THAT WILL ALLOW FOR BEES TO BE ATTRACTED TO THESE NEW HOMES. THE POTENTIAL OF THESE DESIGNS IS THE GEOMETRIC FORMS CREATE. THESE FORMS ARE DESIGNED TO ALLOWS SPACE FOR THE BEE TO LIVE IN ITS NATURAL HABITAT. I A HOLE. THE MATERIALS THAT CAN BEE USED FOR THESE DESIGNS ARE FLEXIBLE. MORTAR, ONE OF THE MATERIALS RESEARCHED CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE THESE RESULTS, THIS IS BENEFICIAL BECAUSE ITS IS ONE MATERIALS THAT CAN ATTRACT THE BLUE BANDED BEE, ALLOWED THE MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES TO BE APPEALING TO THE BEE WITH THE AVAILABLE MATERIAL. THE DESIGNERS THEMSELVES ARE NOT THAT COMPLEX, BUT THEY CAN BE PUSHED TO ACHIEVE A MORE INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM THAT CAN WORK FOR THE BEES NETWORK.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE
ATTRACTION
ATTRACTION
SPACE FOR THE BEE
SPACE FOR THE BEE
COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN
COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN
MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE
ATTRACTION
ATTRACTION
SPACE FOR THE BEE
SPACE FOR THE BEE
COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN
COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN
MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
CONCEPTUALISATION 27
PART B3: CASE STUDY 2
NERI OXMAN FIBONACCI MASHRABIYA THE MASHRABIYA IS A SCREEN WALL MADE FROM LATTICE WORK, THE WALL ACTS AS A SOCIAL BARRIER AND AN ENVIRONMENTAL FILTER. THE DESIGN OF THE PATTERNS AND ITS THICKNESS, CREATE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS. THIS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH THE SPIRAL VORTEX THAT MANIPULATES THE ORIENTATION OF LIGHT MOVEMENT AND AIR FLOW. THE WORK REINTERPRETS THE MASHRABIYA DESIGN AN ANCIENT ART, WITH THE USE OF DIGITAL FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES. THE DESIGN IS INSPIRED DIGITALLY THROUGH FRACTAL PATTENS OF NATURE.
FIG.27 IMAGE OF FIBONACCI MASHRABIYA FRONT ELEVATION
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CONCEPTUALISATION
POPULATE 2D
VOFRONOI
EVALSRF
SCALE
LOFT
BAKE
CONCEPTUALISATION 29
PART B4: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
30
CONCEPTUALISATION
THE AFFECT I WAS LOOKING FOR WAS A COMPLEX GEOMETRY THAT HAS THE SPACE FOR THE BEES AND ANY VEGETATION THAT COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THE DESIGN. THE DESIGN ALSO NEEDS TO HAVE A SECTION VISUAL APPEAL TO BEES AND HUMANS. THIS CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH THE GEOMETRY HAVING A UNIQUE PATTENS AND CURVED SHAPES. THE SPACE FOR THE BEES AND POTENTIAL VEGETATION AND HUMAN INTERACTION, THE AIM OF THESE DESIGNS WILL HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS. EACH OF THE DESIGN RANGE FROM A PULL CURVE, BOX MORPHING, CHANGING THE SURFACE EXTRUSION, CHANGING THE PATTENS AND PUSHING THESE TO THE MIN AND EXTREME, THIS WILL ALLOW ME TO ACHIEVE THE MOST OUT OF EACH ALGORITHMS AND CHANGES MADE IN EACH INCARNATION.
CONCEPTUALISATION 31
PART B4.1: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN PROTENTIAL THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ITERATION HAD THE EFFECT OF A MOVING/ ROTATING SHAPE THAT COULD BE ASSEMBLED DIFFERENTLY EACH TIME AND THE SHAPE AND SCALE OF EACH GEOMETRY WOULD BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE BEFORE. THE ONE I FEEL HAS THE MOST POTENTIAL WOULD BE SPECIES 4 AND 8. THE ADVANTAGE THESE TWO DESIGNS HAVE IS SPACE FOR THE BEES TO NEST AND ALLOW FOR HUMAN INTERACTION. THE POTENTIAL OF SPECIES 4 HAS THE ABILITY TO CREATE A SMOOTHER SURFACE BETWEEN EACH COMPONENT AND THE SHAPE AND SCALE OF THE CELL CAN BE ADJUSTED TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF THE BRIEF. THE FINISHED SHAPE OF THE COLLECTED CELLS CAN FORM A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRY’S THAT CAN BE SUITED TO EACH ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS.
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CONCEPTUALISATION
SPECIES 1
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE ATTRACTION SPACE FOR THE BEE COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
SPECIES 4
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE ATTRACTION SPACE FOR THE BEE COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
SPECIES 2
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE ATTRACTION SPACE FOR THE BEE COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
SPECIES 8
RELATION TO THE BLUE BANDED BEE ATTRACTION SPACE FOR THE BEE COMPLEXITY OF THE DESIGN MATERIAL ACHIEVABILITY
CONCEPTUALISATION 33
PART B5: TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
ASSEMBLY THIS TYPE OF MORTAR JUST REQUIRES A WATER RATIO OF 2L FOR EVERY 10KG . ON A SMALL SCALE I USED 400G OF MORTAR AND 80ML OF WATER. THIS ALLOWED ME TO CREATE SMALL SCALE MORTAR PROTOTYPES.. BECAUSE OF MORTARS FLUIDITY IS HARD TO CONTROL THE SCULPTURE OF THE MATERIAL. I USED PLASTIC POCKETS FOR THE INITIAL PROTOTYPES. THIS ALLOWED ME TO CONTROL THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE MORTAR FOR TESTING.
FIG.28. PHOTO OF MORTAR DRYING
FIG.29 PHOTO OF MORTAR BAG
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CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG30 PHOTO OF MORTAR ELEVATION
FIG.34 PHOTO OF MORTAR HOLE PUNCHED
FIG.31 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED
FIG.35 PHOTO OF MORTAR HOLE PUNCHED ELEVATION
RESULTS THE FIRST SET OF TESTING WAS TESTING THE RESULTS OF MORTAR AND SOME TEXTURES THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED. AFTER ONE DAY. THE MORTAR IS STILL IN THE DRYING PROCESS SO TESTING ITS STRENGTH HAS NO USABLE RESULTS. AFTER A COUPLE OF DAYS THE MORTAR HAS HARDEN ENOUGH TO TEST. THE OUTER RIM IS STILL SOFT ENOUGH TO DRILL THROUGH BUT THE SURROUNDING DO FLAKE OUT. LEAVING A MESSY FINISH FIG.32 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED PROSPECTIVE
FIG.33 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED CONCEPTUALISATION 35
PART B6: TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL
36
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 37
Pseudo Algorithmic sketch of urban design idea
LOAD POINTS ON PORTENTIAL URBAN AREAS
38
CONCEPTUALISATION
INSERT BOUNDING MATRIX. CONNECT EACH POINT USING A LINE
CHOOSE PULL OR PUSH SET NUMBER OF LOOPS
CONCEPTUALISATION 39
40
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 41
42
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 43
44
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 45
Design 02 PLAN/ SECTION
46
CONCEPTUALISATION
BEE NESTING AREA
BALUSTRADE
SEATING/ GARDEN AREA
DECKING
CONCEPTUALISATION 47
Pseudo Algorithmic sketch of generative thinking / Matrix of design iterations
DRAW CELL SHAPE
CREATE A MESH SURFACE USING MESH FROM POINTS
48
COPY AND SCALE THE CELL
LOFT THE TWO TOGETHER
CREATE A MESH SURFACE USING MESH FROM POINTS
CONCEPTUALISATION
DRAW A LINE
BAKE FINAL DESIGN
DIVIDE BY 3
ADD A GRAPH TO CONTROL LINE CURVATURE
RECTANGLE GRID OVER USE THE POINTS TO BOX SURFACE. USE THE GRID MORPH THE GEOMETRY TO OFFSET THE SERFACE AROUND THE SURFACE ADD POINTS TO ADJUST THE GEOMETRY HEIGHTS
3D Print & Photos of Prototype/Material Tests
CONCEPTUALISATION 49
Isometric of design in context
CELL DESIGN LOCATED UNDER THE ARTHURTON RD, THE MODEL WILL LAY ACROSS THE HANDRAIL
50
CONCEPTUALISATION
Fabrication detail
POTENTIAL BEE AREAS
POTENTIAL PLANTING AN HUMAN AREA CELL PLAN
SOLID CELL BASE / SEAL AND SHELTER
BEE TUNNEL FOR FOOX STORAGE, EGG INCUBATION
PLANT TUNNEL / FOOD ACCESS
CELL SECTION
CONCEPTUALISATION 51
PART B7: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME STUDIO AIR THIS SEMESTER HAS EXPLORED THE IDEAS OF DESIGN COMPUTATION, COMPOSITION/ GENERATION AND DESIGN FUTURING, DESIGN FUTURING LOOKS THE FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURE IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABILITY, THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND COAL RESOURCES DEPLETING, WE AS ARCHITECTS MUCH CHANGE THEY WAY WE DESIGN AND THINK MORE GREEN DESIGN. THIS COULD BE THE TYPES OF MATERIALS THAT ARE RECYCLABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WITH LOW TO NO EMBODIED ENERGY IN IS LIFE SPAN. IT ALSO EXPLORES HOW WE ARE DESIGNING OUR STRUCTURE AND SPACES AND THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY WE CAN SAVE WITH OUT LAYOUTS AND SHADING; CAN REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT WE HAVE WITH OUR DESIGNS. DESIGN COMPUTATION IS A RECENT ADDITION TO THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE. ARCHITECTS ARE NOTORIOUSLY LATE TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES, THAT THEY DIDN’T START USING DIGITAL SOFTWARE TO DESIGN THERE BUILDING UNTIL THE LAST COUPLE OF DECADES. DESIGN COMPUTATION ALLOWS THE DESIGNER TO DIGITAL CREATE A STRUCTURE USING AND ALGORITHM THAT CAN GENERATE NUMEROUS DESIGNS AT THE CLICK OF A BUTTON. THESE DESIGNS CAN BE CONTROLLED AND TESTED IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT TO SIMULATE THE REAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, WITH PROGRAMS LIKE GRASSHOPPER, DESIGNERS CAN NOW CREATE UNIQUE STRUCTURES BY SETTING PARAMETERS AND ADJUSTING THEM, UNTIL THEY ACHIEVE THE INTENDED GOAL. COMPOSITION AND GENERATION EXPLORES THE FABRICATION ASPECT OF DESIGN. WITH THE RISE OF 3D MODELLING TECHNOLOGY THERE COMES PRINTERS THAT CAN PRINT THESE DESIGNS. FABLABS NOW USE 3D PRINTERS AND LASER CUTTER TO NAME A FEW, TO GREAT EFFECT THAT THEY THE PRINTERS THEMSELVES CAN ARCUATELY PRINT OUT OUR PARAMETRIC DESIGNS TO BE TESTED AND OBSERVED. THIS TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS FOR A MORE EFFICIENT PRECISE BUILDING PROCESS.
52
CONCEPTUALISATION
THE BIGGEST AREA I HAVE STRUGGLED THIS SEMESTER IS THE DESIGN COMPUTATION, LEARNING GRASSHOPPER FOR THE FIRST TIME HAS BEING CHALLENGING AND I FEEL HAS RESTRICTED THE PROGRESS I AM ABLE TO MAKE WITH MY DESIGNS. THIS IS CHALLENGE THAT I WILL NEED TO OVERCOME WITH PERSEVERANCE AS WELL AS PATIENTS. I FEEL MY STRONGEST AREA IS THE DESIGN FUTURING WITH THE BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN HAS REALLY HELP WITH THIS AREA. THINKING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF MY DESIGN AND THE EFFECT OF THE MATERIAL. THERE IS STILL SOME ROOM FOR ME TO GROW IN THIS AREA, HAVING MORE RESEARCH TO BACK UP MY FINDING, CAN HELP MAKE MY DESIGNS HAVE A STRONGER IMPACT. THE FABRICATION ASPECT, THIS SEMESTER HAS BEEN AVERAGE, THERE HASN’T BEING THAT MUCH NEED FOR 3D PRINTING IN PART A, MORE IN B. THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE I HAVE FACED IS THE TIME CONSTRAINED IN BUILDING THESE 3D PRINTED MODELS. AS THEY DO TAKE TIME TO PRINT AND THEN ANALYSIS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES FOR THE DESIGN, TO THEN BE FIXED AND REPRINTED. THIS SEMESTER WE HAVE RESEARCH A NUMBER OF PRECEDENCE PROJECTS THE EXPLORES DESIGN COMPUTATION IN ARCHITECTURE FOR EXAMPLE THE LIVING HI FI IN NEW YORK AND VOLTADOM BY SKYLAR TIBBITS. THESE PROJECTS FOCUSED ON DIFFERENT ASPECT OF FABRICATION. MY VIEW OF DESIGN COMPUTATION BEFORE THIS SEMESTER WAS, THAT IT IS A LARGE PART OF THE DESIGN PROCESS AND ALLOWS FOR DESIGNERS TO GENERATE MORE UNIQUE AND COMPLEX DESIGNS THAT ARE INFINITELY MORE COMPLEX TRYING TO ACHIEVE WITH A PEN AND PAPER. THROUGHOUT THIS SEMESTER I NOW A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF DESIGN POSSIBILITY THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH DESIGN COMPUTATION. THIS IS MORE EVIDENT IN SKYLAR TIBBITS WORKS. THIS RESEARCH HAS WIDENED THE ARCHITECTURAL POSSIBILITY THAT CAN BE GENERATED THROUGH THESE DIGITAL PROGRAMS.
AT THIS STAGE I HAVE MORE CONFIDENCE IN MANIPULATING PARAMETRIC MODELLING THEN CREATING THEM. MY UNDERSTANDING OF HOW MODELLING ON GRASSHOPPER ISN’T THAT GREAT. AT THIS POINT. BUT I FEEL I AM IMPROVING SLOWLY AND WITH THAT I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THESE COMPONENTS ARE AFFECTING THE MODEL. BUT THE CREATING A NEW PARAMETRIC MODEL FROM SCRATCH IS SOMETHING THAT I WILL STRUGGLE WITH AT THIS TIME. ON THIS PAGE ARE EXAMPLE OF MY MANIPULATION OF PARAMETRIC MODELS, THOUGH I DIDN’T CREATE THESE FROM SCRATCH. I UNDERSTAND WHAT THE COMPONENTS DO AND WAS ABLE TO CHANGE THE DESIGN OUTCOME.
CONCEPTUALISATION 53
REFERENCES SKYLAR TIBBITS DINA1990, 2013, VOLTADOM BY SKYLAR TIBBITS VIEWED 23TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ SJET, 2017, VOLTADOM: MIT VIEWED 23TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://SJET.US/MIT_VOLTADOM.HTML ARTS CENTRE 2011, VOLTADOM ARTS MIT VIEWED 23TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://ARTS.MIT.EDU/EVENTS/SKYLAR-TIBBITS-VOLTADOM/ THINK PARAMETRIC 2018, VOLTADOM BY SKYLAR TIBBITS VIEWED 23TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://DESIGNPLAYGROUNDS.COM/DEVIANTS/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ NERI OXMAN MATERIALECOLOGY 2018, FIBONACCI’S MASHRABIYA VIEWED 23TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.MATERIALECOLOGY.COM/PROJECTS/DETAILS/FIBONACCIS-MASHRABIYA
IMAGES FIG.21 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF 4M LARGE SCALE MODEL, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.22 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF MODEL OF METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.23 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF INTERGATED LANDSCAPE INTO FLOOR PLAN, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.24 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF EXPANDING SPACE RENDER, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.25 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF SOUND CAVE, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS:// WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.26 SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF OVERHEAD VIEW OF MODEL, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ARCH2O.COM/VOLTADOM-BY-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SKYLAR-TIBBITS/ FIG.27: SKYLAR TIBBITS, 2018, IMAGE OF IMAGE OF FIBONACCI MASHRABIYA FRONT ELEVATION, PHOTOGRAPH, VIEWED 23 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.EVOLO.US/ARCHITECTURE/VOLTADOM-INSTALLATION-SKYLAR-TIBBITS-SJET/ FIG.28. PHOTO OF MORTAR DRYING FIG.29 PHOTO OF MORTAR BAG FIG30 PHOTO OF MORTAR ELEVATION FIG.31 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED FIG.32 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED PROSPECTIVE FIG.33 PHOTO OF MORTAR FAILED FIG.34 PHOTO OF MORTAR HOLE PUNCHED FIG.35 PHOTO OF MORTAR HOLE PUNCHED ELEVATION
54
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 55
PART: C DESIGN CONCEPT
56
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 57
C1: Design Concept OUR PRESENTATION FEEDBACK WAS POSITIVE OVERALL. WE MANAGED TO PRESENT OUT PROPOSALS, THE AREAS WE THOUGHT WE COULD IMPROVE WERE EXPLAINING AND DEMONSTRATING OUR PROPOSALS BETTER. WE COULD OF ACHIEVED THIS WITH BETTER DIAGRAMMING AND MODEL REPLICAS OF THE DESIGN ON A SMALLER SCALE. THIS WOULD OF ALLOWED US TO DEMONSTRATE HOW WE ENVISIONED OUR DESIGNS IN CONTEXT. THE FEEDBACK ON OUR WORK WAS MIXED. WE FEEL LIKE WERE ON THE RIGHT PATH BUT, WE NEED TO REFINE AND GO IN DEPTH WITH OUR PROCESS AND LOOK DEEPER INTO OUR PROPOSAL. THE DESIGNS THEMSELVES WERE RECEIVED WITH MIXED REACTIONS. THE JUDGES THOUGHT THAT OUR DESIGN PROPOSAL 1 SHOULD HAVE A DISTINCT LOOK COMPARED TO THE FENCE AND RESEARCH THE AMOUNT OF FOOT TRAFFIC THAT RUNS THOUGH THIS AREA TO GAGE THE HUMAN INTERACTION WITH THE STRUCTURE. THE ALSO WANTED US TO EXPLORE THE MEANING OF THE PLANTS TO US, HUMANS AND THE BEES. OVERALL THEY LIKED THE IDEAS WE PRESENTED BUT NEEDED TO REFINE THE DESIGN AND THE INTERACTION WERE CREATING. FOR OUR DESIGN PROPOSAL 2. THE WE RECEIVED A LOT MORE FEEDBACK ON THE DESIGN. THE BIGGEST QUITISISIM WAS THE LACK OF CREATIVITY IN THE FORMATION OF THE DESIGN AND THE UNFINISHED EDGES. THEY WANTED TO SEE, OTHER DESIGNS THAT COULD BE ACHIEVED INSTEAD OF THE EXTRUDED CHAIR. OVERALL THE SECOND DESIGN PROPOSAL NEED THE MOST WORK, BUT WE FEEL IT HAD THE MOST POTENTIAL. BEFORE SUBMISSION WE PLAYED WITH THE GEOMETRY OF THE CHAIR AND USING OUR PRESIDENTS STUDY WE TRIED TO CREATE MORE OF AN INTEGRATION LIKE AN ‘’AQUARIUM ‘’ AS MENTIONED BY THE QUEST JUDGES. WE GOT RID OF THE EXTRUDED BENCH AND MADE A MORE ORGANIC, FREE FLOWING SPACE THAT CREATES AN ENCLOSE CLOSE UP ‘’AQUARIUM’’ LIKE ATMOSPHERE. THE AIM WAS TO TRY AND CREATE A MORE ATTRACTIVE SPACE FOR BOTH BEES AND HUMANS.
58
CONCEPTUALISATION
PLANT AND BEE MUTATION SKETCHES
CONCEPTUALISATION 59
C2: Tectonic Elements & Prototypes
SKETCHES
SKETCHES
STEM STRUCTURE DIAGRAM
BEE STRUCTURE DIAGRAM
Scanned by CamScanner
60
CONCEPTUALISATION
DESIGN BEFORE THE MUTATION OF LAVENDER AND BEE
STANDARD SIZES FOR EACH COMPONENTS
CONCEPTUALISATION 61
C2: Tectonic Elements & Prototypes 3D PRINTED CONPONENTS
62
CONCEPTUALISATION
ILLITERATION TESTING
CONCEPTUALISATION 63
C3: Final Detail Model
64
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 65
C3: Final Detail Model
66
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 67
C3: Final Detail Model
68
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 69
C4: Learning Objectives and Outcomes
THE FEEDBACK ON OUR PRESENTATION WAS POSITIVE, WITH A FEW AREAS WE NEED TO WORK ON. THESE AREAS ARE, THE MATERIALS OF THE MODEL, HAVING THEM AS 2D PRINTS IS IMPRACTICAL FOR MASS PRODUCTION, WE NEED TO FIND OTHER AVENUES THROUGH TESTING TO ACHIEVE A BETTER RESULT. A LARGE CRITIQUE FROM A PRESENTATION WAS THE RELATION SHIP BETWEEN THE HUMANS AND OUR PROPOSED BEE EMBASSY, AS WE COULDN’T CONVINCEDLY EXPLAIN THE CONNECTION WE WERE TRYING TO ACHIEVE. THE LAST MAJOR CRITIQUES WERE THAT OUT PROPOSAL WAS DESIGNED TO FIT BETWEEN ROCKS AND THE LIMITATIONS THIS BRINGS. WE WENT AWAY AND LOOKED INTO THE POTENTIAL MATERIALS THAT WOULD MAKE MASS PRODUCTION POSSIBLE, AT A CHEAPER BUDGET. THIS PROVIDED SOME PROBLEMS BECAUSE CASTING OUR MODEL HAS ITS OWN PROBLEMS WITH THE SPIKES POINTING IN A MULTITUDE OF DIRECTIONS, THIS MAKES IT MUST GET A CLEAN CAST WHEN TRYING TO TAKE OUT THE MODEL. OUR ATTENTION TURNED TO FINDING OTHER METHODS OF CREATING THIS MODEL THROUGH 3D PRINT AND THE MATERIALS WE COULD USE TO ACHIEVE A SIMILAR RESULT. THE RELATIONSHIP WE WERE TRYING TO CREATE BETWEEN THE BEE EMBASSY AND THE PEOPLE WAS ONE THAT CAN LIVE IN UNISON. THE BEES ARE VERY IMPORTANT TO THE SURVIVAL OF THE HUMAN POPULATION WITH THE BEES POLLINATING THE PLANTS AND SPREADING THE SEED TO HELP WITH THE REPOPULATE THESE SPECIES OF PLANTS. LIKE HAVING THE EMBASSY HAVE A LAVENDER SMELL TO ATTRACT THE BEES TO STRUCTURE, WE WANTED TO CREATE A MUTATED PLANT LIKE GRAFFITI AS THE LOOKS INTO SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN DIGITAL MEDIA
70
CONCEPTUALISATION
ATTRACTION TO THE EMBASSY FOR THE HUMANS, THE DESIGN OF THE EMBASSY PLAYS A HUGE PART IN THE BRINGING BOTH SPECIES TOGETHER. THE CRITIQUE THAT OUR PROPOSAL IS LIMITED IN THE LOCATIONS THAT IS CAN BE CONSTRUCTED AROUND. FOR US THE WE FEEL THAT THIS STRUCTURE CAN BE PLACED ANYWHERE INGROUND OR IN A WALL. BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL GROWTH OF THE MODEL THE POSSIBILITIES EXTEND FURTHER THEN THE ROCK WALLS. WE FELT THAT THE ROCK WALLS ARE A GOOD STATEMENT THAT WE ARE FIXING THESE ‘’HOLES’’ IN THE SYSTEM (LUCK OF SUPPORT FOR BLUE BANDED BEES) WITH OUR MODEL (A POTENTIAL SOLUTION). OVERALL MY PERFORMANCE IN THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES IS AVERAGE. THE FIRST OBJECTIVE LOOKS AT THE BRIEF IN RELATION TO DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES. THE BRIEF FOR THIS STUDIO WAS TO CREATE A BEE EMBASSY FOR THE BLUE BANDED BEES AND FOR HUMANS TO INTERACT WITH THEM. THE BIGGEST AREA WE STRUGGLED WITH WAS THE DEFINITION OF THE BEE EMBASSY, AS WE WERE FIXATED ON THE HUMAN ELEMENT OF THE EMBASSY AND SWITCH THE MEANING FOR THE BEE. WHAT WE WERE ABLE TO DO IS WORK ON WHAT WE NEEDED IN THE BEE EMBASSY FOR IT TO WORK, AN EXAMPLE WAS THE USE OF SOFT MORTAR FOR THE BEES TO BARROW IN AND CREATE A NEW NEST. SOME OTHERS WHERE THE SIZES OF THESE HOME AND THE BIGGEST ONE IS HOW DO WE ATTRACT THE BEES TO OUR MODEL. THIS WAS ACHIEVED WITH THE USE OF COLOUR, FOOD SOURCES AND LAVENDER SMELL THAT BEES ARE ATTRACTED TO. THE NEXT OBJECTIVE AND GENERATING A VARIETY OF POSSIBILITIES. FOR THIS AREA, WAS MY WEAKEST IN TERMS OF BEING PROFICIENT
AT USING GRASSHOPPER AND SOME FUNCTIONS IN RHINO. THIS MEANT, DEVELOPING A VARIETY OF DESIGNS TOOK LONGS ARE WAS LIMITED COMPARED TO THE POSSIBILITIES THAT A PROFICIENT GRASSHOPPER USER CAN ACHIEVE. GRASSHOPPER AS A DIGITAL PROGRAM, USES ALGORITHMS TO CREATE PARAMETRIC DESIGNS VERY QUICK, WITH THE ABILITY TO ADJUST THE DESIGN FUNCTION WITH A CLICK. THE NEXT OBJECTIVE WAS UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE AND AIR THROUGH MODELS AND THE DESIGN PROPOSAL. THE PROPOSAL OF THE BEE EMBASSY AND THE PHYSICAL MODELS ALLOWED ME TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE IN THE SCALE OF SPACE THAT IS NEEDED FOR BEES AND HUMANS. WORKING ON SMALLER SPACES IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT TO THAT OF HUMANS AND CREATING STRUCTURE THAT
CAN ACCOMMODATE THEM. WAS AN INTERESTING CHALLENGE. THE NEXT OBJECTIVE WAS CREATING A ABILITY TO MAKE A CASE FOR OUR PROPOSALS. I FEEL WE DID THIS WELL, WE HAD A GOOD CONCEPT THAT WE WERE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE IN THE ALLOCATED TIME. THIS PROJECT CHANGED THE WAY I VIEW SOME ASPECTS OF PARAMETRIC MODELLING IN TERMS OF SCALE. BEFORE THIS STUDIO I HAD A HARD TIME SEEING THE USE OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN BEING RELEVANT TO RESIDENTIAL AND ONLY SAW IT AND A COMMERCIAL AND A SOCIALISED CONSTRUCT. WITH THE USE OF 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES THE POSSIBILITIES FOR SMALL SCALE DESIGNS THAT CAN BE CONSTRUCTED FROM MATERIALS THAT WOULD BE MORE APPROPRIATE TO A RESIDENTIAL HOME, LIKE CONCRETE. THE PARAMETRIC TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED HAVE A GREATER SCOPE THEN I THOUGHT WAS POSABLE. THIS WAS EVIDENT IN THE PRESIDENT’S STUDY. AI CONCRETE MOULD. WHERE THEY CREATED A MOULD FOR A PARAMETRIC WALL. THIS WAS ALSO EVIDENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BEE EMBASSY WHERE WE WHERE DESIGNING A HOME FOR BEES USING THESE PARAMETRIC TOOLS. THIS HELPED WITH UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECTURE AND AIR. WITH THE TUTORIALS IN GRASSHOPPER AND SOME IN CLASS WORKSHOP I CAN CREATE SOME PARAMETRIC MODELLING, AS SHOWN IN THE FINAL PRESENTATIONAL MODEL. I STILL HAVE SOME WORK TO DO ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CREATING THESE MODELS, BUT THIS WILL COME WITH WORKING ON MULTIPLE PROJECTS, THIS WILL ALLOW ME TO BECOME MORE CONFIDENT AND OPEN THE GATE TO THE OTHER ASPECTS OF GRASSHOPPER.
CONCEPTUALISATION 71
APPENDIX - ALGRITHMIC SKETCHES (SKETCHBOOK)
72
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 73
A.6 APPENDIX - LOFTING SHELL
DRAW A SWIRL
74
DIVIDE ALONG THE CURVE
CONCEPTUALISATION
DRAW A REFERENCE ARC
ARRAY IT AROUND THE SWIRL
LOFT THE ARCS TO FINISH THE SHELL
CONCEPTUALISATION 75
1 CURVILINEAR, 1 RECTILINEAR
1 CURVILINEAR, 1 RECTILINEAR
A.6 APPENDIX - FAMILIES AND ITERATIONS
4 CURVILINEAR 1 PRIMITIVE COMPONENT
3 CURVILINEAR,
A.6 APPENDIX - 2D VORONOI/ DELAUNY
DRAW A SWIRL
DRAW A REFERENCE ARC
ARRAY IT AROUND THE SWIRL
USING VORONOI IN GRASSHOPPER, WHAT I WAS TRYING TO ACHIEVE WITH THIS TASK WAS PLAYING WITH THE SCALE OF THE VORONOI.
78
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 79
A.6 APPENDIX - 3D VORONOI/ DELAUNY
THE 3D VERSION OF THE VORONO ON GRASSHOPPER. WHAT I WAS TRYING TO ACHIEVE WITH THESE INCARNATIONS WAS A SCALE FACTOR WITH THE SHAPE AND ACCESS POINTS THROUGH THE CUBE. AS SHOW THE DIFFERENT SCALES THE PATHS CHANGE.
POPULATE 3D
VORONOI 3D
80
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 81
A.6 APPENDIX - 3D VORONOI/ DELAUNY
POPULATE 3D
VORONOI 3D
82
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 83
A.6 APPENDIX - PRIMITIVE TOOLS
DARK SOFT PIMPLED SHELL SHORT HEAT
84
CONCEPTUALISATION
ERODED SOLITARY BULBOUS ROOST DRY
SOLITARY
LIGHT
SHELL
ROOST
ERODED
SOFT
CONCEPTUALISATION 85
A.6 APPENDIX - OCTAGONAL MODIFICATION
THE AIM POOF THIS TASK WAS TO CREATE 3D OCTAGONAL SHAPES AND MODIFY THEM TO CREATE SOMETHING THAT CAN BE USED TO ATTRACT THE BLUE BANDED BEES AND FIT IN WITH THERE NATURAL HABITAT.
86
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 87
A.6 APPENDIX - BOX MORPH
CURVED LINES
88
LOFT
CONCEPTUALISATION
DIVIDE AND DIVIDE DOMAIN
SURFACE BOX
BOX MORPH WITH GEOMETRY
GENERATE GEOMETRY
SET BASE PLANE
CONTOUR, X AXIS
CONSTRUCT PLANE, DISTANCE BOUNDS AND REMAP
SCALE UN
CONCEPTUALISATION 89
B. leaf venation, koch curve, rep-tile
KOCH CURVE
TRIANGLE SHAPE
EXPLODE , DEVIDE TO GET CENTRE POINTS
90
CONCEPTUALISATION
REPEAT
REPEAT
REP-TILE
DRAW UP A REP-TILE SHAPE USING POLYLINE
USE POINT TO FIND THE CENTRE OF THE REP-TILE
SCALE THE SHAPE AND ROTATE
MOVE AND ROTATE TO FILL THE REP- TILE SHAPE
LEAF VENATION ALGRORITHM
DRAW THE BOUNDARY USING A POLYLINE
POPULATE THE AREA WITH RONDOM POINTS
USE LINE TO JOIN THE POINTS TOGETHER WITH LINES
USE THE WALKING MAN TOOL TO LINK THE POINTS TOGETHER STARTING WITH THE BASE POINT
A FINISHED LEAF VENATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 91
B. FRACTAL PATTERNS
92
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 93
B. FRACTAL PATTERNS
THE AIM OF THIS TASK WAS TO TRY IMPORTING IMAGE PATTERNING INTO GRASSHOPPER AND EXPLORING THE RESULTS THAT WE CAN ACHIEVE. FOR THIS EXERCISE I CHOSE THE IMAGE THAT IS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR PSYCHIATRY TEST IMAGES. THE RESULTS BEGIN TO DIVIDE WHEN THE X AND Y DOMAIN WAS CHANGED.
94
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 95
B. 2D CELLULAR GRID SYSTEM ATTRACTOR
ATTRACTOR GRID
ATTRACTOR LINE
IMAGE SAMPLING
REFLECTOR GRID
96
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 97
B. AGGREGATED CELL/ OBJECT
98
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 99
B. AGGREGATED CELL OBJECT
THIS AIM OF EXERCISE WAS TO CREATE THE PHYSICAL CELL THAT WE BEGAN DESIGNING ON THE PREVIOUS PAGE. OUR DESIGNED HAS EVOLVE FROM A LAND MINE BASED DESIGNED TO A MODE SIMPLIFIED 3D GEOMETRY, THAT HAS BEEN STRETCHED OUT AND CURVED IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AT EACH POINT. THE CENTRE OF THE CELL REPRESENTS THE FOOD/ WATER SOURCE FOR THE BEE. AND ON THE LEFT SIDE REPRESENTS THE MALE SIDE AND THE RIGHT THE FEMALE. THE MIDDLE EXTRUSION REPRESENTS THE UNISON BETWEEN THE BEES AND THE HUMANS. OVER THE PLANTS AND DRINKING AREAS THIS DESIGN, WE THOUGHT WAS SUCCESSFUL TO A POINT WE LIKED THE DESIGN BUT WHERE IT NEEDED WORK WAS THE BENDING ASPECT MADE THE COMPONENT WEAK AND UNSTABLE. THE FEEDBACK SUGGESTED THAT FOLD THE EDGES WILL CREATE A STRONGER CELL.
100
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 101
B. RECURSIVE ALGORITHM
102
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 103
PART A: THE BLUE BANDED BEE RESEARCH
104
CONCEPTUALISATION
THE BLUE BANDED BEE
FIG.36 BLUE BANDED BEE EATING
The blue banded bee is 11-12 mm big Male has 5 bands and female has 4 Flower Preferences Tomatoes Sweet Basil Perennial Basil Abelia Verbena Lavender Flax lily Myrtle Mona Lavender Blue-bell creeper Hibbertia Senna Mountain devil or Honey flower Spider-flower grevillea Scarlet sage Salvia Duranta Rosemary Lemon Balm & Passion Fruit flowers Prefer soft mortar with no concrete Like to live above ground Life cycle of 40 days, eggs hatch around the summer time. Attracted to Mudbrick, with 25-30mm deep holes
CONCEPTUALISATION 105
PART A: MORTAR RESEARCH
FIG.37 MORTAR MIX
106
CONCEPTUALISATION
Mortar Posable finishes
Suppliers name location Costs Fabrication methods
Colour Mortars can have oxide added a finished colour with the use of LanXess. Sandstone and Marigold oxide. The general colour mortar comes in is grey.
Texture The texture of mortar added to masonry are finished with a rough surface, with the use of masonry mortar can have a flush joint, parget finish, clean rolled finish, line parget finish.
Bunnings Throughout Melbourne/ Vic Closest to city, Collingwood
Boral Throughout Melbourne/ Vic Closest to city, North Melbourne $8 - $60 ? With the mix of sand cement and water the mortar is generally used to bind masonry blocks together and act as a fill and seal between the masonry.
Fabrication constraints
Mortars can be mixed used for a variety of uses like concrete blocks, masonry, floor finishes (between tiles), there is also a waterproof sika mortar.
Material Performance
Mortar is generally made from a mixture of sand, binder and water, the mix of mortar is very important as it defines the grade of the mortar, adding too much water can make the mix watery and very difficult to deal with and adding to little water can make the bonding of the materials that make up the mortar not connect. The grade of mortar ranges from M1-M4. M1 being the weakest. Tests have been done on mortar in different environments like extreme marine exposure and the results shows any significant deterioration. The different levels of mortar grade benefit different environments. M1 is mainly used for general use. M2 generally used for mild conditions and interior use. M3 used for wet and dry areas. M4 used below DPC in aggressive soil and severe marine environments
material description
Mortar is a ‘glue’ that is formed with the mixture of Portland cement, lime and sand, mixed with water.
SWOT Strength
Cheap to repair, act as a fill to reduce water entry, good bonding agent, can add colours using oxide.
Weakness
Durability, consistency if mixed poorly, can be very messy, can use machinery to model complex designs and need to make exoskeleton mould to fill and set the mortar to obtain ideal shape, limited surface finishes (rough), crack,
Opportunities
With the mix of Portland cement, it can take on a new set of SWOT performance, can be added to other materials as an acting bonding glue, using different mortar can used as fast setting time for modelling and shaping.
threats
Ground movements can cause mortar to crack under pressure. Other treats include using the wrong grade mortar in for a specific situation CONCEPTUALISATION 107
PART A: MORTAR PRECEDENCE tjettgtggt
FIG.38 MORTAR INTERNAL
FIG.39 MORTAR LION STATUE
DRIOS, SOUTH PAROS.
SAN MARINO, LOS CALIFORNIA, USA
GIANNIS THALASSINOS ARCHITECTS MORTAR WAS USE TO SCUP THE WALL AND JOINARY FINISHES. ALL THE FINISHES HAVE ROUNDED EDGES
ANGELES
FIG.40 MORTAR STATUE WOMAN COUNTY,
MORTAR WAS USED TO FIX AND REPARE THE STATUE
SAN MARINO, LOS CALIFORNIA, USA
ANGELES
COUNTY,
MORTAR WAS USED TO FIX AND REPARE THE STATUE
tjettgtggt
FIG.41 MORTAR BOWEL
FIG.42 MORTAR WBEE HOME
HEIBERG
BEE HOTEL
VENTILATED MORTAR FAÇADE, STUCANET SYSTEM
MORTAR BASE CURVED INTO A BOWEL. WITH A SMOOTH GLOSS FINISH
THIS BLOCK IS FILLED WITH SOFT MORTAR AND DRILLED WITH HOLES RANGING FROM 2MM DIAMETER TO 10MM. ALL BUT THE 2MM HOLES HAVE BEEN USED BY RED MASON BEES. ONE 2MM HOLE HAS BEEN USED BY A PASSALOECUS APHID-HUNTING WASP. THE MORTAR HOLES HAVE ALSO BEEN POPULAR WITH SEVERAL SPECIES OF SOLITARY BEE AND WASP FOR ROOSTING OVERNIGHT.
WATER-RESISTANT MORTAR IS PROJECTED ONTO THIS PANEL IN TWO LAYERS, WITH A TOTAL THICKNESS OF 20 MM. THE RESULT IS A SHEET OF HIGH- RESISTANCE REINFORCED MORTAR. THE FAÇADE IS IMPERMEABLE AND VENTILATED IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
108
CONCEPTUALISATION
FIG.43 MORTAR WALL
tjettgtggt
FIG.44 MORTAR WALL ART
FIG.45 MORTAR STATUE
ARTIST ALEXANDRE FARTO
SEPIK - PAPUA NEW GUINEA
THE USE OF MORTAR OVER A OLD MASONARY WALL CONVERTED INTO A IMAGE
20TH CENTRY STATUE THAT WAS SCULPCHERED WITH MORTAR
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FIG.46 MORTAR BRICK WALL
FIG.47 MORTAR ARCHITECTURE
SLOPPY MORTAR, PI KAPPA ALPHA FRATERNITY HOUSE. 1931, BOULDER ARCHITECT GLEN H. HUNGINTON
ABU SIMBEL TEMPLES, NUBIA, EGYPT
SOMETIMES, HOWEVER, SLOPPY MORTAR WAS AN INTENTIONAL CHOICE OF THE ARCHITECT.
WHEN THE TEMPLES WERE RELOCATED, THE STATUES WERE DIVIDED INTO PIECES, AND A MIXTURE OF MORTAR, CEMENT AND DESERT STAND WAS USED TO SEAMLESSLY JOIN THEM BACK TOGETHER.
CONCEPTUALISATION 109
PART B: SITE ANALYSIS
110
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 111
112
CONCEPTUALISATION
URBAN POLLINATION PLAN @ 1:1200
CONCEPTUALISATION 113
114
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 115
116
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 117
118
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 119
120
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 121
122
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 123
REFERENCES IMAGES FIG36: SALLY WILSON, 2014, BLUE BANDED BEE EATING , VIEWED 15MARCH 2018, HTTP://THEPLANTHUNTER.COM.AU/UNCATEGORIZED/BEE-HOTEL/ FIG37: CANNABRIC, 2009, MORTAR MIX , VIEWED 14 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.CANNABRIC.COM/CATALOGO/ MORTERO_DE_CAL_HIDRAULICA_NATURAL_NHL5_CONSOLIDACION_BASE_GRUESA_/?LEN=EN FIG38: THE LASSINOS, 2018, MORTAR INTERNAL HOUSE , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.THALASSINOS.NET/PROJECT/DRIOS/ FIG39 ACTION CATAWIKI, 2018, MORTAR LION STATUE , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://AUCTION. CATAWIKI.COM/KAVELS/7630513-MORTAR-FOR-BETEL-NUTS-SEPIK-PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA FIG40 ACTION CATAWIKI, 2018, MORTAR STATUE WOMAN , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://AUCTION. CATAWIKI.COM/KAVELS/7630513-MORTAR-FOR-BETEL-NUTS-SEPIK-PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA FIG41: HEIBERG, 2018, MORTAR BOWEL , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP:// WWW.HEIBERG-ID.COM/LEGNOART_MORTAR.HTM FIG42: ED PHILLIPS, 2014, MORTAR BEE HOME , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018,HTTP:// WWW.EDPHILLIPSWILDLIFE.COM/NEWS83285.HTML FIG43: ALEXANDRE FARTO, 2018, MORTAR WALL ART , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW. TELEGRAPH.CO.UK/CULTURE/CULTUREPICTUREGALLERIES/8361849/PORTUGUESE-ARTIST-ALEXANDREFARTO-CREATES-PORTRAITS-IN-THE-BRICKS-AND-MORTAR-OF-BUILDINGS.HTML?IMAGE=4 FIG44: ALEXANDRE FARTO, 2018, MORTAR WALL ART , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW. TELEGRAPH.CO.UK/CULTURE/CULTUREPICTUREGALLERIES/8361849/PORTUGUESE-ARTIST-ALEXANDREFARTO-CREATES-PORTRAITS-IN-THE-BRICKS-AND-MORTAR-OF-BUILDINGS.HTML?IMAGE=4 FIG 45: ACTION CATAWIKI, 2018, MORTAR STATUE , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTPS://AUCTION. CATAWIKI.COM/KAVELS/7630513-MORTAR-FOR-BETEL-NUTS-SEPIK-PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA FIG46: LETOAN, 2018, MORTAR BRICK WALL , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018, HTTP://LETOAN.CO/ COLORING-MORTAR-JOINTS.HTMLHTTP://WWW.TECTONICA-ONLINE.COM/PRODUCTS/1310/ STUCANET_MORTAR_FACADE_VENTILATED_TABUENCA_POUTRAFIL_FERNANDO/ FIG47: WORLDHISTORYLEVERETT, 2017, MORTAR STRUCTURE , VIEWED 10 MARCH 2018,HTTPS://WORLDHISTORYLEVERETT.WORDPRESS.COM/PAGE/6/
HTTPS://WWW.BUNNINGS.COM.AU/COMPARE?PRODUCTS=0761529,0760516,0760433,0760246,0760435, BUNNINGS 2018, MORTAR VIEWED 12TH MARCH 2018, HTTPS://WWW.BUNNINGS.COM. AU/COMPARE?PRODUCTS=0761529,0760516,0760433,0760246,0760435,
AUSSIE BEE 2018, MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTP:// WWW.AUSSIEBEE.COM.AU/BLUE-BANDED-BEE-INFORMATION.HTML BEC CREW 2014, MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://WWW.AUSTRALIANGEOGRAPHIC. COM.AU/BLOGS/CREATURA-BLOG/2014/09/BLUE-BANDED-BEE-A-NATIVE-BEAUTY AMEGILLA CINGULATA 2018, MONTREAL-BIOSPHERE VIEWED 10TH MARCH 2018, HTTP://BLUEBANDEDBEES.COM/