EDF EXPERIENCE WITH STORAGE IN EU AND US MARKETS WORLD FUTURE ENERGY SUMMIT ABU DHABI, UAE, JAN. 2017 EDF CIST – xavier.epiard@edf.fr EDF R&D – bruno.prestat@edf.fr
| 1
Copyright EDF
EDF GROUP AT A GLANCE WORLD’S NO. 1 ELECTRICITY COMPANY • EDF Group is particularly well established in Europe, especially France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Belgium. • A marked increase in the use of renewables is bringing change to its power generation operations, which are underpinned by a diversified lowcarbon energy mix founded on nuclear power capacity.
LEADER IN LOW-CARBON POWER GENERATION • No. 1 in the world for nuclear power generation. • No. 1 in Europe for renewable energy generation. • No. 3 in Europe for energy services.
EDF COVERS ALL ELECTRICITYRELATED ACTIVITIES • • • •
Generation Transmission, distribution Trading, supply Energy services
| 2
37.6 million customers worldwide
159,112 employees
EDF GROUP IN 2015
â‚Ź75 billion sales
619.3TWh electricity generation | 3
OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe
Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development
Synthesis | 4
STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Hydro Pumped Storage has contributed to optimize the French / European power system for more than 40 years
EDF, a significant European storage player
EDF: 6 HPS, 4 GW of daily & weekly pumping 2 pure HPS, 4 hydro plants + HPS, 1 under rehabilitation Build in the 70s and the 80s to optimize generation/load balance
HPS capacity in Europe: 45GW | 5
STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Residential Electric Hot Water Heaters have also contributed to shape the load curve and optimize the French / European power system
• • • •
Large deployment in France: 13 million tanks Almost 50% of residential hot water systems 20 TWh of annual consumption Up to 8 GW during night periods in winter
Simple and reliable communication & control on/off signal: 175 Hz PLC through distribution grid New Linky smart meters will ensure communication Hot Water Heaters: 13 million tanks, 20 TWh of flexible load
Source: EDF
| 6
STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Impact of Residential Electric Hot Water Heaters over time
Hot Water Heaters shaping the load curve
| 7
OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe
Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development
Perspectives | 8
POWER SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY: BENEFITING FROM ALL RESOURCES ACROSS THE SYSTEM The European interconnected system spreads across several counties Large areas with significant interconnection capacities reduce uncertainties and allow benefiting from flexible assets at large scale
Focus on France
Expor ts Impor ts
Variable generation impacts demandgeneration balancing, from planning to operations EDF R&D Study: Technical and Economic Analysis of the European Electricity System with 60% Renewable Energy Resources in 2030 Reference: http://www.energypost.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/EDF-study-for-download-on-EP.pdf
Source: EDF
| 9
EDF’S 60 % RES INTEGRATION STUDY: ASSESSING THE INTEGRATION CHALLENGES HiRES scenario
HiRES EU energy roadmap
HiRES scenario
scenario
EU energy roadmap Generation Mix 2030
EU energy roadmap
Generation Mix 2030
Generation Mix 2030
Study deals with many aspects
Power grid, balancing, flexibility, system 60 % RES security & operation, economics…
60 % RES (generation)
Storage’s role studied, in competition with 40 % Wind & other flexibility levers Solar RES
Interconnections
40 % Wind & Solar RES 40 % Wind &
Solar RES
Thermal fossil fuel
Nuclear
Wind offshore
Solar
Generation flexibility (thermal back up & curtailment)
60 % RES (generation)
(generation)
Thermal fossil fuel
Nuclear
Wind offshore
Solar
Thermal fuel Windfossil Onshore
Nuclear
Wind offshore Hydro power
Solar
Biomass & Geothermal
Hydro power
Wind Onshore
Source: EDFHydro power
Biomass & Geothermal
Biomass & Geothermal
Demand-Response
Wind Onshore
High RES 2030
GW
Load factor (h/yr)
Solar (PV)
220
1100
Onshore wind
280
1900
Offshore wind
205
3200
Hydro
120
3800
| 10
STORAGE IN A HIGH RENEWABLES FUTURE M€/y Weekly Storage (40 h) - System Benefits in a 60% RES Scenario in Europe 1000 France Germany + Austria UK 800 Gross benefit
600 Net system benefits interval
400 200
Source: EDF
0 0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4 Added GW of storage
-200
Source : EDF 60 % RES integration study in Europe
Net benefit interval as a function of storage cost and installed capacity
EDF R&D study shows storage in competition with other optimization levers, e.g.:
Deploying thermal back-up (OCGT) & allowing curtailment
Deploying more interconnections between EU countries
The interest of additional storage for generation optimization depends on countries/regions, other alternatives and storage costs
| 11
OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe
Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development
Synthesis | 12
NICEGRID DEMONSTRATION: A SMART SOLAR DISTRICT Project’s Main Objectives Demonstrate massive PV integration in distribution grids. Test islanding on a LV feeder Key Role of Storage Several Li-ion batteries (different sizes/locations): • • • •
1 x 1 MW / 560 kWh at primary substation 1 x 250 kW / 620 kWh at secondary substation 2 x 33 kW / 106 kWh at LV level 18 x 4 kW / 4 kWh at customer level
Storage devices can provide high flexibility (charge/discharge) and services when properly sized (power & energy) and controlled. LV microgrid technically demonstrated | 13
VENTEEA DEMONSTRATION: WIND INTEGRATION IN A DISTRIBUTION GRID Project’s Main Objectives Accommodate more renewable generation in distribution systems at lowest possible cost
2 MW / 1.3 MWh storage battery
Key Role of Storage •
2MW / 1.3MWh Li-ion storage provides up to 12 services to the TSO, DSO, DG, and End-Users
•
EDF control architecture to anticipate grid constraints and provide right services at right time
Multi-service storage demonstrated. Allows DER and distributed flexibilities, to provide services to DSOs, microgrid owners/operators, local utility, markets | 14 14
CONCEPT GRID – R&D SMART GRID PLATFORM Experimental R&D plateform to validate Smart / Micro-Grid elements and functions in real conditions prior to field deployment Nicegrid: first microgrid islanding in France performed at Concept Grid prior to field installation. Set-up and control laws validations, operation with local PV generation Frequency regulation: development and validation of control laws, assess cells ageing and optimize business case. Learnings directly applicable to operational projects such as McHenry
NICEGRID preparation of islanding at Concept Grid to de-risk field installation
Microgrid DERMS: validation of microgrids management systems Concept Grid Lab, EDF R&D: de-risk roll-out and accelerate product development in real conditions
Frequency regulation at Concept Grid to prepare McHenry: 1MW / 500kWh Source: EDF R&D
| 15
GOING BEYOND CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES Li-ion batteries are the current reference. Costs expected to reach floor prices in 2025/2030 Next generations must be prepared now Metal-air batteries are a strong option
Patent and preindustrialization of zinc air battery technology reducing production costs (<100$/kWh), weight (200Wh/kg) and environmental impacts
EDF R&D carries out extensive research on storage technologies: basic research, cell development, cell/system testing, stationary/mobile applications, ageing and performance assessment, etc.
Source: EDF R&D
EDF Labs are open to third-parties | 16
OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe
Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development
Synthesis | 17
TOWARDS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Emergence of market and regulatory evolutions allowing energy storage to provide services (USA, Europeâ&#x20AC;Ś) Evolutions require sound evaluations/analysis: demonstrate creation of social surplus, avoid market distortions Long-term contracts or contracts for difference (CFDs) can provide visibility for investment in storage technologies EDF has extensive international knowledge and expertise on these questions
Source: FERC
EDF is building international leadership in commercial energy storage projects Examples: 1 - McHenry storage farm, USA 2 - Enhanced Frequency Response tender, UK 3 - Public RFP for solar+storage power plants, French Guyana | 18
MCHENRY STORAGE FARM
1
Commercial storage project by EDF Renewable Energy • 20 MW of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries in McHenry, IL • Provision of fast frequency « RegD » control to the PJM market • In-house development of control systems by supported by EDF R&D • Online in December 2015, 10 months after board’s approval
Source : FERC Source: EDF R&D
Modeling and simulation analysis Development of control algorithms
US Market Expertise in battery Analysis technologies and experimental validation
Probability distribution of the RegD signal over the 31-day studied scenario Perf. score estimator
0.14
0.12
0.08
Power (MW)
Probability
0.1
0.06
RegD
Pgrid
P=f(SoC) limitations
ESS output power vs. raw RegD control signal converted to MW 1
10-second latency
RegD’
+
+
+
Pref +
PCS model
0.5 P0ref
0
PSoC
SoC
Pstorage
Paux
Auxiliary equipment model
Pthermlosses
0.04
-0.5
RegD control signal SoC control Output power
0.02
algorithm
-1 0 0 -1
5 -0.8
-0.6
-0.4
10 -0.2
0
15 0.2
RegD Evolution signal
0.4
20 0.6
0.8
25
Storage model
30 Local storage supervision
1
of the SoC as a function of time
100
SoC (%)
80 60 40 20 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Time (days)
Source: EDF R&D
http://www.edf-re.com/edf-renewable-energy-announces-commercial-operation-first-battery-storage-project/
Testing at EDF R&D Concept | 19 Grid and factory tests
20 MW lithium-ion batteries McHenry, Illinois, USA An EDF Renewable Energy project
1
| 20
Copyright EDF
UK FREQUENCY REGULATION MARKET
2
National Grid goes big into energy storage with 201MW of fast-acting batteries 2016 tender for Enhanced Frequency Response to bring forward new technologies that support the decarbonisation of the energy industry by providing a fast response solution to system volatility Projects set to come on-line between April 2017 and March 2018. Four-year service contracts EDF Energy Renewables, just won a $15.7 million tender for a 49MW project at West Burton naturalgas-fired power plant West Burton B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1300MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbines
| 21
TOUCAN PV + STORAGE FARM Commercial photovoltaic + battery storage farm in French Guyana by EDF
Under a PV+Storage RFP from the French Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development and Energy
3
Toucan Project Characteristic 5 MW PV panels 1.5 MW / 4.5 MWh Zebra batt. 2MW Max Power 6 GWh Annual Generation Controls by S&F
Expected total capacity: 450MW Requirements: 40% peak-shaving Generation towards end of the day Generation forecasting (D-1, H-1) PV smoothing and ancillary services Source: EDF
| 22
OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe
Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development
Synthesis | 23
SYNTHESIS EDF has acquired extensive experience regarding bulk/distributed, electric/thermal storage, for interconnected or islanded grids Large range of activities, from basic research to commercial development Bulk energy storage, batteries for frequency regulation, hybrid power plants for isolated systems, microgrids, self-generating customersâ&#x20AC;Ś Strong skills: storage control software, technology assesment, unit, lab and field testing, storage integration, modelling & economic analysis EDF is a funding and proud member of Transmission Grid Engineering website
Research and Development website
| 24