EDF EXPERIENCE WITH STORAGE IN EU AND US MARKETS

EDF EXPERIENCE WITH STORAGE IN EU AND US MARKETS WORLD FUTURE ENERGY SUMMIT ABU DHABI, UAE, JAN. 2017 EDF CIST – xavier.epiard@edf.fr EDF R&D – bruno.prestat@edf.fr

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Copyright EDF

EDF GROUP AT A GLANCE WORLD’S NO. 1 ELECTRICITY COMPANY • EDF Group is particularly well established in Europe, especially France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Belgium.

• A marked increase in the use of renewables is bringing change to its power generation operations, which are underpinned by a diversified lowcarbon energy mix founded on nuclear power capacity.

LEADER IN LOW-CARBON POWER GENERATION • No. 1 in the world for nuclear power generation.

• No. 1 in Europe for renewable energy generation.

• No. 3 in Europe for energy services.

EDF COVERS ALL ELECTRICITYRELATED ACTIVITIES • • • •

Generation Transmission, distribution Trading, supply Energy services

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37.6 million customers worldwide

159,112 employees

EDF GROUP IN 2015

â‚Ź75 billion sales

619.3TWh electricity generation | 3

OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe

Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development

Synthesis | 4

STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Hydro Pumped Storage has contributed to optimize the French / European power system for more than 40 years

EDF, a significant European storage player

EDF: 6 HPS, 4 GW of daily & weekly pumping 2 pure HPS, 4 hydro plants + HPS, 1 under rehabilitation Build in the 70s and the 80s to optimize generation/load balance

HPS capacity in Europe: 45GW | 5

STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Residential Electric Hot Water Heaters have also contributed to shape the load curve and optimize the French / European power system

• • • •

Large deployment in France: 13 million tanks Almost 50% of residential hot water systems 20 TWh of annual consumption Up to 8 GW during night periods in winter

Simple and reliable communication & control on/off signal: 175 Hz PLC through distribution grid New Linky smart meters will ensure communication Hot Water Heaters: 13 million tanks, 20 TWh of flexible load

Source: EDF

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STORAGE: A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLEMENT TO GENERATION FOR DECADES Impact of Residential Electric Hot Water Heaters over time

Hot Water Heaters shaping the load curve

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OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe

Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development

Perspectives | 8

POWER SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY: BENEFITING FROM ALL RESOURCES ACROSS THE SYSTEM The European interconnected system spreads across several counties Large areas with significant interconnection capacities reduce uncertainties and allow benefiting from flexible assets at large scale

Focus on France

Expor ts Impor ts

Variable generation impacts demandgeneration balancing, from planning to operations EDF R&D Study: Technical and Economic Analysis of the European Electricity System with 60% Renewable Energy Resources in 2030 Reference: http://www.energypost.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/EDF-study-for-download-on-EP.pdf

Source: EDF

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EDF’S 60 % RES INTEGRATION STUDY: ASSESSING THE INTEGRATION CHALLENGES HiRES scenario

HiRES EU energy roadmap

HiRES scenario

scenario

EU energy roadmap Generation Mix 2030

EU energy roadmap

Generation Mix 2030

Generation Mix 2030

Study deals with many aspects 

Power grid, balancing, flexibility, system 60 % RES security & operation, economics…

60 % RES (generation)

Storage’s role studied, in competition with 40 % Wind & other flexibility levers Solar RES  



Interconnections

40 % Wind & Solar RES 40 % Wind &

Solar RES

Thermal fossil fuel

Nuclear

Wind offshore

Solar

Generation flexibility (thermal back up & curtailment)

60 % RES (generation)

(generation)

Thermal fossil fuel

Nuclear

Wind offshore

Solar

Thermal fuel Windfossil Onshore

Nuclear

Wind offshore Hydro power

Solar

Biomass & Geothermal

Hydro power

Wind Onshore

Source: EDFHydro power

Biomass & Geothermal

Biomass & Geothermal

Demand-Response

Wind Onshore

High RES 2030

GW

Load factor (h/yr)

Solar (PV)

220

1100

Onshore wind

280

1900

Offshore wind

205

3200

Hydro

120

3800

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STORAGE IN A HIGH RENEWABLES FUTURE M€/y Weekly Storage (40 h) - System Benefits in a 60% RES Scenario in Europe 1000 France Germany + Austria UK 800 Gross benefit

600 Net system benefits interval

400 200

Source: EDF

0 0

1

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4 Added GW of storage

-200

Source : EDF 60 % RES integration study in Europe

Net benefit interval as a function of storage cost and installed capacity

EDF R&D study shows storage in competition with other optimization levers, e.g.: 

Deploying thermal back-up (OCGT) & allowing curtailment



Deploying more interconnections between EU countries

The interest of additional storage for generation optimization depends on countries/regions, other alternatives and storage costs

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OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe

Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development

Synthesis | 12

NICEGRID DEMONSTRATION: A SMART SOLAR DISTRICT Project’s Main Objectives Demonstrate massive PV integration in distribution grids. Test islanding on a LV feeder Key Role of Storage Several Li-ion batteries (different sizes/locations): • • • •

1 x 1 MW / 560 kWh at primary substation 1 x 250 kW / 620 kWh at secondary substation 2 x 33 kW / 106 kWh at LV level 18 x 4 kW / 4 kWh at customer level

Storage devices can provide high flexibility (charge/discharge) and services when properly sized (power & energy) and controlled.

LV microgrid technically demonstrated | 13

VENTEEA DEMONSTRATION: WIND INTEGRATION IN A DISTRIBUTION GRID Project’s Main Objectives Accommodate more renewable generation in distribution systems at lowest possible cost

2 MW / 1.3 MWh storage battery

Key Role of Storage •

2MW / 1.3MWh Li-ion storage provides up to 12 services to the TSO, DSO, DG, and End-Users

•

EDF control architecture to anticipate grid constraints and provide right services at right time

Multi-service storage demonstrated.

Allows DER and distributed flexibilities, to provide services to DSOs, microgrid owners/operators, local utility, markets | 14 14

CONCEPT GRID – R&D SMART GRID PLATFORM Experimental R&D plateform to validate Smart / Micro-Grid elements and functions in real conditions prior to field deployment Nicegrid: first microgrid islanding in France performed at Concept Grid prior to field installation. Set-up and control laws validations, operation with local PV generation Frequency regulation: development and validation of control laws, assess cells ageing and optimize business case. Learnings directly applicable to operational projects such as McHenry

NICEGRID preparation of islanding at Concept Grid to de-risk field installation

Microgrid DERMS: validation of microgrids management systems Concept Grid Lab, EDF R&D: de-risk roll-out and accelerate product development in real conditions

Frequency regulation at Concept Grid to prepare McHenry: 1MW / 500kWh Source: EDF R&D

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GOING BEYOND CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES Li-ion batteries are the current reference. Costs expected to reach floor prices in 2025/2030 Next generations must be prepared now Metal-air batteries are a strong option

Patent and preindustrialization of zinc air battery technology reducing production costs (<100$/kWh), weight (200Wh/kg) and environmental impacts

EDF R&D carries out extensive research on storage technologies: basic research, cell development, cell/system testing, stationary/mobile applications, ageing and performance assessment, etc.

Source: EDF R&D

EDF Labs are open to third-parties | 16

OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe

Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development

Synthesis | 17

TOWARDS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Emergence of market and regulatory evolutions allowing energy storage to provide services (USA, Europeâ&#x20AC;Ś) Evolutions require sound evaluations/analysis: demonstrate creation of social surplus, avoid market distortions Long-term contracts or contracts for difference (CFDs) can provide visibility for investment in storage technologies EDF has extensive international knowledge and expertise on these questions

Source: FERC

EDF is building international leadership in commercial energy storage projects Examples: 1 - McHenry storage farm, USA 2 - Enhanced Frequency Response tender, UK 3 - Public RFP for solar+storage power plants, French Guyana | 18

MCHENRY STORAGE FARM

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Commercial storage project by EDF Renewable Energy • 20 MW of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries in McHenry, IL • Provision of fast frequency « RegD » control to the PJM market • In-house development of control systems by supported by EDF R&D • Online in December 2015, 10 months after board’s approval

Source : FERC Source: EDF R&D

Modeling and simulation analysis Development of control algorithms

US Market Expertise in battery Analysis technologies and experimental validation

Probability distribution of the RegD signal over the 31-day studied scenario Perf. score estimator

0.14

0.12

0.08

Power (MW)

Probability

0.1

0.06

RegD

Pgrid

P=f(SoC) limitations

ESS output power vs. raw RegD control signal converted to MW 1

10-second latency

RegD’

+

+

+

Pref +

PCS model

0.5 P0ref

0

PSoC

SoC

Pstorage

Paux

Auxiliary equipment model

Pthermlosses

0.04

-0.5

RegD control signal SoC control Output power

0.02

algorithm

-1 0 0 -1

5 -0.8

-0.6

-0.4

10 -0.2

0

15 0.2

RegD Evolution signal

0.4

20 0.6

0.8

25

Storage model

30 Local storage supervision

1

of the SoC as a function of time

100

SoC (%)

80 60 40 20 0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Time (days)

Source: EDF R&D

http://www.edf-re.com/edf-renewable-energy-announces-commercial-operation-first-battery-storage-project/

Testing at EDF R&D Concept | 19 Grid and factory tests

20 MW lithium-ion batteries McHenry, Illinois, USA An EDF Renewable Energy project

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Copyright EDF

UK FREQUENCY REGULATION MARKET

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National Grid goes big into energy storage with 201MW of fast-acting batteries 2016 tender for Enhanced Frequency Response to bring forward new technologies that support the decarbonisation of the energy industry by providing a fast response solution to system volatility Projects set to come on-line between April 2017 and March 2018. Four-year service contracts EDF Energy Renewables, just won a $15.7 million tender for a 49MW project at West Burton naturalgas-fired power plant West Burton B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1300MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbines

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TOUCAN PV + STORAGE FARM Commercial photovoltaic + battery storage farm in French Guyana by EDF

Under a PV+Storage RFP from the French Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development and Energy

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Toucan Project Characteristic 5 MW PV panels 1.5 MW / 4.5 MWh Zebra batt.

2MW Max Power 6 GWh Annual Generation Controls by S&F

Expected total capacity: 450MW Requirements: 40% peak-shaving Generation towards end of the day Generation forecasting (D-1, H-1) PV smoothing and ancillary services Source: EDF

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OUTLINE Storage in France Storage in a High Renewables Future in Europe

Storage Breakthroughs at EDF Storage Commercial Development

Synthesis | 23

SYNTHESIS EDF has acquired extensive experience regarding bulk/distributed, electric/thermal storage, for interconnected or islanded grids Large range of activities, from basic research to commercial development Bulk energy storage, batteries for frequency regulation, hybrid power plants for isolated systems, microgrids, self-generating customersâ&#x20AC;Ś Strong skills: storage control software, technology assesment, unit, lab and field testing, storage integration, modelling & economic analysis EDF is a funding and proud member of Transmission Grid Engineering website

Research and Development website

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