DESALINATION A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR OVERCOMING WATER SCARCITY Abu Dhabi, 18 Jan 2017
Mr Khalid TAHRI
Technical & Engineering Director
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
Morocco, in brief • • • • •
• •
Position: North Africa, 14 km from Europe Area: 710 850 km2 Population: 35 millions Climate: Mediterranean Parliamentary, democratic and social constitutional monarchy GDP : 2000 Euro/capita Growth: 3-4 % per year
Marrakech
Rabat (capital)
Casablanca
Fez
Tangier
Morocco, Main Plans
ENERGY IN MOROCCO An important dependency to thermal energy of which 95% imported.
Energy bill is a real burden for the national economy 2015 14 000 MW
2030 25 000 MW
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
rainfall
Climate and water resources Mediterranean Mediterranean sea sea
Atlantic ocean
Potential of natural water Resources 22 Billion CM/Year
18 Billion CM/Year
Surface water
4 Billion CM/Year
Groundwater
Water resources regarding offer
Hydraulic stress
Water resources regarding demand Irrigation (90%) Drinking Drinking Water Water (8%) (8%)
Others Others (2%) (2%)
REGULATION:
Water Law 10-95 Updated to Law 36-15 Institutional
Institutionalization of the Supreme Council for Water and Climate Creation of river-basins agencies throughout the national territory Creation of provincial and prefectural committees of the Water Legal framework for desalination
Planning
National Plan for Water Plan on Integrated Management of Water Resources at the regional level
Protection:
Quantity: perimeter of protection and prohibition of groundwater Quality: protection against pollution
• Financial:
Introduction of the principle sampler-pays and polluter-pays
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Water demand management and valorisation of water resources
Preservation and protection of water resources, natural and fragile areas
application of the legislative and institutional reforms
Management and development of water offer
MORROCAN WATER STRATEGY
Reduction vulnerability to natural water risk and adaptation to climate change
Upgrading information systems and capacity building
Mobilization of conventional water Conventional water 1,7 Billion m3/year
• 130 large dams with a total capacity of nearly 18 billion m3 • Thousands of boreholes and wells • 13 systems of water transfer: 1100 km and 210 m3/s
Mobilization of non conventional water
Non Conventional water 800 Millions m3/year • Desalination program
• Wastewater treatment and reuse program
• Rainfall capture
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
Desalination KnowHow advancement Laayoune-Boujdour
Tarfaya-Smara-Boujdour
40 years experience
Laayoune-KhenifraKhouribga-Tan TanDakhla- Al Hoceima
Next Projects in the pipe
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
DAKHLA CASE Population: 100 000 inhab Main activities:
Nautical sports DAKHLA
Fishing
Breading
DAKHLA Technical Sheet Capacity
: 17 300 m3/d (55% to be desalted)
Process
: Reverse Osmosis
Intake
: 6 Boreholes
TDS
: 2,5 g/l
Physical/Chemical treatment (H2S, Fe removal)
Commissioning date : Dec 2015
A Complex raw water quality with many parameters exceeding drinkable water standards H2S, NH4, Fe, TDS, T°
Biological treatment (NH4 removal)
A complex process to remove all the exceeded parameters Membrane Treatment (TDS reduction)
TAN TAN CASE Population: 70 000 inhab Activities: Breading , Fishing, Potential tourism
Tan Tan
Tan Tan Technical sheet Capacity (1st phase)
: 9 000 m3/d.
Process
: Reverse Osmosis.
Required Power
: 5 MW.
Commissioning date
: 2014.
Electrical supply
: National grid.
Renewable energy could be the solution for reducing energy costs Morocco enjoys an important potential of renewable energies. Desalination coupled to RE is feasible (feasibility study already done for MENA regions). A specific one is in Progress. For economical reasons, this technique should be used for cogeneration of : Drinking Water, Electricity and Heat.
Outline • • • • •
Introduction Water strategy and regulation in Morocco Desalination, a planning tool for water scarcity Some relevant cases in arid area Conclusion
Overcoming water scarcity
ktahri@onee.ma www.onee.ma
24