Mountains - New Habitat Explorations by RegionalesBauenLUH

FOREWORD 1

MOUNTAINS New Habitat Explorations Edited by Jörg Schröder und Alissa Diesch Leibniz Universität Hannover

FOREWORD

This book explores mountains as a world distant to metropolis that offers chances for resilience. Mountains have always been and are now—in climate change, social and economic changes, and even in the Corona crisis—places of inventiveness. Our interest are new lifestyles and living/working models in mountain areas that attract new “temporary citizens” and form chances for peripheral and marginalised communities, in new linkages with metropolis. In the perspective of urbanism and architecture, we want to address spatial innovation connected with this “new habitat”, in particular spatial strategies, up-scaling, replication, new typologies. Two innovations are at the core of the research and design projects displayed in this book: new forms of urban and territorial projects, more strategic, more adaptive, more interactive, and new forms of analysis to grasp cultural resources for a creative use towards constructing shared visions. The book is based on ongoing research activities of the Territorial Design group at Leibniz University Hannover, joined by a master design studio in winter 2020-21 in the M.Sc. Architecture and Urbanism programme. The studio has been organised as an experimental platform of “free projects” with a shared topic and methodology. We are grateful to the participating students for the fantastic work and vivid engagement, starting from the selection of places of the different “drillings” in mountain situations in Middle Germany, the Alps, Catalonia, the Crimean peninsula, and Himalaya. They offered a range of diverse contexts and current challenges for the sustainable development of mountain areas with a focus on architecture and urbanism.

At the same time, it was possible to discuss and formulate transversal themes and novel approaches in analysis and conceptualisation across range of case studies. In particular, many thanks to the Erasmus students that brought not only different places but also additional perspectives into the platform. We are glad to share the outcomes in terms of design-driven research as well as the academic conceptual framework and evaluation for the topic of mountains—that gained new awareness in the current pandemic situation: nearby and regional places are rediscovered, often over-impacted, for leisure, new living and working models are experimented in peripheries outside of metropolis. Thus, even if the situation caused additional effort in digitally gaining knowledge and linking to local initiatives in the areas, it added highly to the relevance and to the perspectives that are in sight for mountain areas.

STUDENTISCHE PROJEKTE

Jörg Schröder

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INHALTSVERZEICHNISII Foreword

Table of Contents

New Habitat Explorations

The Flow for Territorial Creativity

The Post-Pandemic Future

Objectives and Task

Bibliography

Timetable 23 Explorations

Atlas of Interventions

Serra de Collserola As a Metropolitan Connector

Speculative Futures for the Harz Area

Periphery between two Mountains Eichsfeld, Thuringia

Junction Node

Sagarmatha Regional School

102

Leukerbad 2.0 116 Bergell and Engadin Between Rural and Urban

132

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5 From Ego to Eco New Lifestyle after Covid-19

148

United Towns of Sarntal

160

The Soča Valley 172 Image References 182

Participants 185 Imprint 186

NEW HABITAT EXPLORATIONS

This research aims to explore mountains as a world apparently distant to metropolis that offers chances to construct models of transformation towards resilience. In theories, in the last years a remarkable shift can be made manifest that overcame the definition of urban influence as indicator for fitness for the future (Diener et.al. 2007). In the context of climate change and more advanced models of economic innovation, peripheries today are considered in a perspective of potential and effective “Emerging Creative and Resilient Habitats” (Schröder, Carta, Ferretti, Lino 2018): able to allow and foster performance, in regard to new living and working models based on digital and social innovation, new organisational and financing models for resilience, and territorial creativity to activate and connect cultural resources. The awareness and search for a new access to peripheries has been evolved in different European countries—e.g., in new regional approaches (Land Vorarlberg 2006; Schröder, Danielzyk 2017) and in new cultural and economic roles (Caminada 2005; Cucinella 2018). This perspective demands new abilities, new concepts, and new tools in architecture and urbanism to detect and foster potentials, to link to other disciplines, to local actors, and to society. Not at least in the situation caused by Covid-19, a qualitative and targeted focus on active construction— in terms of processes and of spaces (Schröder 2017)—of towns and villages as “places of good living”, as Bätzing (2020) postulated for the idea of “Landleben”, is very much highlighted in public and political awareness and debate. Mountains in particular, due to extremes of climate, topography, and culture, have always been and are now—in climate change, social and eco-

nomic changes, and even in the Corona crisis— places of inventiveness and strong cultural experimentation (Schröder 2017). Here, our research interest are new lifestyles and living/working models that attract new settlers and “temporary citizens” in order to construct perspectives for peripheral and marginalised communities. Traditional concepts of seasonal migratory living and transhumance could give new perspectives for new living and working models beyond tourism. The existing (not only the protected heritage), as patterns of settlement and building culture, as tangible and intangible values, and in relation with nature, in this context “invite us not only to ‘recycle’ reality but to ‘re-inform’ it ... by incorporating new layers of superimposed realities—combined, conjugated, superposed, infiltrated, crossed, or hybridised—in synergy and mutual interaction” (Gausa 2018). Both, processes of building culture and processes of territorial governance are already being reset and reconfigured (Schröder, Hartmann, Leitgeb 2015; Bätzing 2018). Images and ways to imagine undergo radical re-use, concerning imageries, substraction, reinvention (Cantarella, Momo 2019). It is not to deny, that the Alps—as major European cultural creation (Bätzing 2015)—played a prominent role in the paradigm shift that started from social and entrepreneurial innovation—expressed in new approaches in architecture (Constructive Alps 2020; Kunst Meran 2018; Gantenbein 2014). In the perspective of urbanism, we address this spatial innovation as new patterns and networks of “habitat”, and address spatial strategies, upscaling, replication, new typologies (Schröder, Ferretti 2018). For this, two working fields are at the core: new forms of urban and territorial projects,

NEW HABITAT EXPLORATIONS

Jörg Schröder

more strategic, more adaptive, more interactive— and new forms of analysis to grasp cultural resources—material and immaterial—for a creative use towards the future, in the interaction space and society.

The materials gathered for this research open up to a broad range of territorial “drills”: low mountain ranges in central Germany (Harz, Thuringia), diverse situations in the Alps (Engadin, Sarentino/Sarntal, Lago d’Iseo, Leukerbad, Soca Valley), mountains in the middle of the Barcelona metropolitan area (Collserola), on the Crimean Peninsula and in Nepal. The research and design projects generated a framework to analyse common topics and to generate a deeper understanding of local characteristics. Identified transversal approaches and trends in mountain areas, in particular, led to focus on re-signifying established structures and embed them into new regional and metropolitan networks and flows. The research into the mechanisms, figures, and evolvement of these activities links architecture and urbanism in new ways to cultural and social sciences and, in particular, offers a comprehensive approach to politically and academically separated field: housing, working, mobility, leisure, tourism. In order to gain effective strategies towards climate change and to construct liveable places (Bätzing 2009), analytical as well as projective tools and concepts need to be re-informed, reconfigured, and invented. The methodology developed for this task foresees three steps: In a first phase, the selection of case studies and of focus as well as the sharpening of objectives. In an analytical phase, the clarification of specific tasks for each study, in spatial,

programmatic, and processual aspects, according to the specific context. In the experimental and design phase, the work on a range from territorial to architectural strategy and intervention; in the scales 1:25.000 (valley), 1:5.000/2.000 (town, village), 1:500/200 (zoom). For this analytical-conceptual approach, particular tools for analysis, design, and communication have been collected and extended in the common platform of the studio—from mapping, diagramming, video, infographics, drawings, to models.

Bätzing W. (2009) Orte guten Lebens: Die Alpen jenseits von Übernutzung und Idyll. Zürich, Rotpunktverlag.

Gantenbein K. ed. (2014) “Surselva: Aufbruch im Dorf”. Themenheft, Hochparterre, 10/2014.

Bätzing W. (2015) Die Alpen. Geschichte und Zukunft einer europäischen Kulturlandschaft. München, C. H. Beck.

Kunst Meran, Südtiroler Künsterbund, Architekturstiftung Südtirol eds. (2018) Neue Architektur in Südtirol. 2012- 2018. Zürich, Park Books.

Bätzing W. (2018) “Die Bedeutung der zeitgenössischen Architektur für die Regionen und die Regionalentwicklung im Alpenraum / The importance of contemporary architecture in the regional development of Alpine regions”. In: Archalp 2018 N. 1. pp. 17–23. Available online: doi.org/10.30682/aa1801a. Bätzing W. (2020) Das Landleben. München, C.H. Beck. Caminada G. (2005) “9 Thesen für die Stärkung der Peripherie”. In: Schlorhaufer B. (2005) Cul zuffel e l’aura dado. Gion A. Caminada. Luzern, Quart Verlag. pp. 133–137. Cantarella L., Momo A. (2019) “Riusi radicali. Soldati, sirene, deflagrazioni / Radical reuse. Soldiers, mermaids, deflagrations”. In: ArchAlp nuova serie N. 2 2019. pp. 134– 141. Available online: http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/IAM/ wp-content/uploads/2019/07/j_Riusi-radicali_Cantarella_ Momo.pdf (02.10.2020). Constructive Alps (2020). Constructive Alps. International architecture award. Online: http://www.constructivealps.net (02.10.2020). Cucinella M. ed. (2018) Archipelago Italia. Projects for the future of the country’s interior terrritories. Padiglione Italia alla Biennale Architettura 2018. Rome, Quodlibet. Diener R., Herzog J., Meili M., de Meuron P., Schmid C. (2007) Switzerland: An Urban Portrait. Vol. 1: Introduction. Vol. 2: Borders, Communes - a brief history of the territory. Vol. 3: Materials. Basel, Birkhäuser (orig. 2005 Die Schweiz: ein städtebauliches Porträt).

Land Vorarlberg ed. (2006) Vision Rheintal. Dokumentation 2006. Räumliche Entwicklung und regionale Kooperation im Vorarlberger Rheintal. Ergebnisse des Leitbildprozesses. Bregenz, Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung. Schröder J., Hartmann S., Leitgeb L. (2015) “Regional Building Culture for Sustainable Development—The Idea of AlpBC”. In: Handwerkskammer für München und Oberbayern, COA Energia service Finaosta S.p.a., Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung Leibniz Universität Hannover eds. (2015) AlpBC Alpine Building Culture. Final publication. Hannover, Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung Leibniz Universität Hannover, pp. 11–22. Schröder J. (2017) “The Construction of Alpine Building Culture”. In: ALPS design magazine, special issue “Reporting from the Alps”. LISt Lab, Trento. pp. 14–21. Schröder J., Danielzyk R. eds. (2017) “Baukultur und Region. Neue Wege für Planen und Bauen als regionale Impulsgeber”. Special issue, Neues Archiv für Niedersachsen 1/2017. Kiel, Wachholtz Verlag. Schröder J., Carta M., Ferretti M., Lino B. eds. (2018) Dynamics of Periphery. Atlas of Emerging Creative and Resilient Habitats. Berlin, Jovis. Schröder J., Ferretti M. (2018) Scenarios and Patterns for Regiobranding. Berlin, Jovis.

NEW HABITAT EXPLORATIONS

Bibliography:

THE FLOW FOR TERRITORIAL CREATIVITY

Mountains are fascinating, even extreme territories that differ from environments found in less pronounced topography. The particular spatial and climatic conditions of summits, valleys, hills and mountain ranges globally have been the breeding ground for highly adapted lifestyles and cultures. The fragile context of mountains demands special solutions in agriculture, work flows and social organisation, that is why the relation between humans and nature is well considered and balanced in all functioning mountain cultures. This particular equilibrium found in different mountain territories is often referred to as the “good life” (Bätzing 2009; Biedowicz, Friedrich, Ríos Aramayo 2016) and considered a vernacular and rooted form of sustainability. To detect these principals, creatively adapt, modify and enhance them with new technical and social concepts was an important topic of this studio. One example of the high degree of adaptation in mountains is transhumance, the seasonal movement of humans and livestock between different places that can be found in almost all mountain areas. This concept can be read as a traditional form of multi-local lifestyle and suggests to analyse and understand settlements in the mountains in a wider context and on a territorial scale. Buildings, settlements and specific adaptations of the landscape are connected by flows and rhythms. Also, the special circumstances of mountains are not an isolated world only interconnected in themselves, they have been transit areas and are in constant exchange with urban agglomerations. The apparent remote territories of mountains accordingly are closely connected to close by and far away cites. Other even more evident dynamics of mountain

areas during the last decades, the exodus of local population and the raise of mountains as attractive venue for tourism (Bätzing 2009), reflect these interrelations. On the one hand, new labour opportunities in the industrializing valleys, a better education and health infrastructure in the cities as well as escaping tight communities and harsh working conditions have caused shrinking mountain villages. On the other hand, specialized work in the cities and a growing leisure time have rendered mountains as perfect tourist destinations. The reading of especially the Alps and following other mountain areas worldwide as places of longing, with a stunning panorama of peaks and valleys, a perfect sports environment and a culture different from the urban life has created an important economic sector. In touristic hubs all of this has been turned into a well selling package of clichés and created places that are getting to their environmental and social limits. However, the scope of tourism is very wide and constantly generating new concepts that, wisely applied, can be valuable elements in a broader strategy. These concepts can range from local, low impact hiking holidays to relational tourism and up dated models of contemporary transhumance based on digital remote working and temporary project collaborations. To evaluate and propose new models for the relation of mountain areas and metropolises the linkages need to be analysed on several scales, taking into account a variety of trends and dynamics that can be summed up by creative mapping techniques. Switching perspective, viewing the relations of peripheral areas of mountains and adjacent cities from a new angle can reveal overlooked dynamics and be the source of fresh

THE FLOW FOR TERRITORIAL CREATIVITY

Alissa Diesch

concepts for housing and labour (Diesch 2020). Emerging life and work models are already setting novel trends in the peripheries revaluing and making use of existing structures by enhancing them with recent technical and social innovation (Schröder et al. 2018). However, these dynamics and their prospects for resilience are not yet sufficiently analysed and evaluated. The common framework for the here presented very diverse projects is the territory of mountains, remote worlds with particular conditions, specialised living models and building typologies. In all projects, communities living in these conditions have proofed to develop adaptive concepts for organising life, labour and culture, integrating and generating innovation for centuries. These social, cultural and economic structures are as characteristic and important for the places as the spatial topographic context. Focusing in each project on different scales, from territorial integration to architectural typologies, potentials and challenges were identified and within the design phase conditioned for new projects. On a social level models of intertwining housing and working environments were elaborated, considering traditional and new inhabitants. These concerns were combined with the concept of commons – shared places, duties and services – as can be found in traditional settlements in mountain areas. Typical multi-local lifestyles in montane communities like transhumant pastoralism or shifting working and living sites according to the seasons, were refreshed for living models with flexible work places and relational tourism. The project Serra de Collserola as a Metropolitan Connector shows the potentials of mountains as a hidden gem next to a metropolis and proposes

a tighter and more diverse relation of Barcelona with its close by Serra de Collserola. Outdated ideas of satellite suburbs and rural-urban relations are challenged by a new reading of the territory regarding its topographic features. In Speculative Futures for the Harz Area new scenarios are imagined to show possible futures for the region of Harz, a German low mountain ranges area. The multi-layered character and connections of towns, forests, borders, peaks, valleys, touristic areas, extraction zones and productive grounds are presented and reused for new prospects. Periphery between two Mountains shows new perspectives for the region of Eichsfeld in Thuringia based on innovative views. The geographic periphery and dynamics based on its location close to the former inner German border are complemented by strengthening and developing new inner diversity and cohesion by networks connecting and enhancing its relations. An area of several villages on the Crimean Peninsula is the setting for Junction Node. The rich heritage of several cultures that have formed the character of the villages, the agricultural production as well as their connection to Yalta and health tourism are the basis of the analysis. A tighter connection and refreshed notion of places of gathering is proposed as future concept. The Sagarmatha Regional School is located in Khumdjung, Nepal, close to seasonally frequented tourist routes. The project tackles the educational situation of the Sherpa village in a region that is marked by international alpinism tourism in the Himalaya. With a focus on the harsh conditions for teachers, students and their families, the school functions also as a community centre.

the ideas. All of these projects identified local particularities and connected them to bigger flows on several scales. The student proposals proof the creative capacity these special territories bear in themselves by inventing original and promising concepts based on the specific spatial and social characteristics. Mountains have challenged their inhabitants to develop adapted settlement structures and these models have always been dynamic according to flows, connections and seasonal changes and in terms of incorporating and generating innovations – and they are also now territories of innovative answers on how future habitats can be designed.

Bibliography: Bätzing W. (2009) Orte guten Lebens: Die Alpen jenseits von Übernutzung und Idyll. Zürich, Rotpunktverlag. Biedowicz M., Friedrich M., Ríos Aramayo D. (2016) Vivir Bien / Buen Vivir / Das gute Leben. Artes Contemporáneas de Latinoamérica / Zeitgenössische Kunst aus Lateinamerika. (exhibition catalogue). La Paz, Museo Nacional de Arte and Goethe Institut

Diesch A. (2020) Trueque Based Urbanism. In: Schröder J., Sommariva E., Sposito S. (eds) Creative Food Cycles _ Book 1. Hannover: Leibniz Universität Hannover, pp. 106–115. Schröder J., Carta M., Ferretti M., Lino B. eds. (2018) Dynamics of Periphery. Atlas of Emerging Creative and Resilient Habitats. Berlin, Jovis.

THE FLOW FOR TERRITORIAL CREATIVITY

Bergell and Engadin - between Rural and Urban explores the possibilities to transform established networks and touristic infrastructure into more flexible concepts. With zooms to strategically picked places the adaptations to relational tourism, new work and life models and a multi-layered cooperation between different places within and outside the valley are suggested. The project United Towns of Sarntal provides a strategy for settlements in the isolated valley in South Tyrol. Traditionally focused on cattle farming and slow tourism the proposal aims to strengthen this kind of tourism while complementing agricultural activities towards wine production. A sustainable mobility concept ties up

THE POST-PANDEMIC FUTURE Mountains as reserves of resilience.

«Peripheries are precious Reserves of Resilience for reactivating the urban metabolism in post-metropolis systems that, more and more, resemble archipelagos and matrices of places rather than satellite systems. Even if declining suburbs and peripheral regions still contain active cells (active communities, landscapes, agriculture, and manufacturing) that are capable of restarting jammed mechanisms of evolution, it will be necessary in the future to pass from the dangerous, constant state of a metropolis in unsustainable expansion to a state of dynamic neighbourhoods that are in progress towards resilience. Policies, projects, and actions can reactivate the possibilities and energy of peripheries to enhance the dynamism of a new development model» (Schröder et al., 2018, a). According to Schröder et al. (2018, a), suburbs and peripheral regions are fruitful places where it is possible to find elements able to activate the mechanisms of evolution and find innovative ways for regeneration. Policies, projects and people’s action are needed to enhance and promote new possibilities for the future development of peripheries (Carta, 2018; Schröder, 2018, b). Considering mountains as opposed to metropolitan areas, the paper states that these peripheral areas are valuable reserves of resilience. Mountains hold new job and investment opportunities, entrepreneurial activities and associations that can improve and grow the local socio-cultural fabric and activate the territorial creativity (Moulaert et al., 2005; Scaffidi, 2018; Wise, 2017). These territories have the possibility to attract new citizens, talents and job prospects that enrich the urban and economic dimension. This is crucial for contemporary planning and for defining innovative roles within local

governments and new skills for architects and urban planners. The post-pandemic world needs to reshape its spaces, creating multifunctional and versatile environments. The global pandemic has renewed job positions and teaching formats, allowing people to work and study from all over the world. This has enabled a more flexible life facilitated by technology and increasingly improving the base that society has built in recent years. Online platforms, virtual meeting, lives and new forms of social interaction with innovative socials networks (e.g. clubhouse) therefore are reshaping the daily life. What people need today is a technological tool and an internet connection to work remotely, and to access lectures and schools’ course from anywhere. Therefore, the current situation can be a great opportunity for the transformation of peripheral areas such as the mountains. In Europe, there is a new vocation for people to return to the countryside and inner lands to work from home, promoting the culture of returning to the periphery, to the “South”. The “Southworking” project, for example, promotes the culture of agile work, through the revival and enhancement of Southern Italy and its inland territories. As expressed in the Southworking charter, the South is to be understood as a relative concept, because “we are all someone else’s South”. This project, therefore, promotes alternative ways of working and flexible lifestyles. Starting from urban design and territorial planning, the paper aims to explore spaces and experiences that can develop peripheral areas. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by analysing spaces that can play a dynamic role in the reactivation of the mountains and that can foster a sustainable territorial future.

THE POST-PANDEMIC FUTURE

Federica Scaffidi

The declining population trend in the mountains and the high emigration rates of young people are one of the main reasons for the weakening of these areas. However, the breathtaking nature, beautiful villages, local talents, cultural resources and intangible heritage make mountains reserves of resilience. People and spaces can be activators of innovation, improving social infrastructure, inspiring new forms of year-round tourism, and promoting creativity and innovative jobs (Lusiani & Zan, 2013). Today, digitalisation makes it possible to live and work anywhere. The forced social isolation of the current pandemic has been transformed into an opportunity to develop new technologies, improve virtual connections and define new forms of work. This means that mountains can become future places of innovative activity, for young people, remote workers, and mountain lovers who invest and see a new future in valleys and peripheral villages. Europe is full of places in dire need of redevelopment, where the current trend can be reversed and the socio-cultural and economic environment regenerated. Considering this purpose, this paper aims to provide an overview of the subject by analysing the following three mountain areas: the Dala Valley in Switzerland, the So ča Valley in Slovenia and Lake Iseo in Italy. In Switzerland, the Dala Valley is well known for its winter sports and health resort. In the last 100 years, the importance and number of services has increased, improving the tourism sector more and more. Especially in Leukerbad, the accommodation industry is a major component of the local economy. Natural hot springs provide the thermal baths, one of Leukerbad’s main attractions. Albinen and Inden also play an important role in tourism and culture. Albinen is

a place rich in history thanks to its architecture and well-preserved wooden houses. The Torrent Lodges, opened in 1972, connects the village of Albinen-Flaschen with the Torrent Pass, a popular skiing and hiking area. Despite the beauty of the place and the great attraction, as is often the case in the mountains, tourism is concentrated in a few months of the year. Many buildings belong to tourist accommodation and only about half of the residential buildings are permanently inhabited by locals. This results in unused buildings, disused urban spaces and abandoned areas. This confirms the need to promote a process of re-densification, attract new inhabitants, reuse open spaces and promote sustainable and resilient lifestyles. The Dala Valley can be a place for different types of inhabitants, a place to develop cultural sites, regenerate urban spaces, innovate with new work models and create new technology to attract the next generation of citizens. A similar development model can be promoted in other places in Europe, for example the Soča Valley (Posočje), one of Slovenia’s main tourist destinations. It stretches from the Triglav National Park to Nova Gorica and includes the municipalities of Bovec, Kobarid, Tolmin and Kanal ob So či. It is the place of the “Emerald Beauty”, the So ča River, one of the most beautiful rivers in Europe. Its water flows through waterfalls and narrow rocky gorges, where it has carved out amazing canyons and pools. The valley is a place of attraction for sports and nature tourism, based on activities such as rafting, hiking and skiing. It is also a place of history; the mountains above the Soča River were the scene of the largest mountain battle in history during the First World War. An-

of Brescia and Bergamo. It is home to the largest natural lake island in Italy, as well as the highest lake island in Europe: Monte Isola. Lake Iseo is a popular tourist attraction with historical architecture and public spaces of cultural interest. It is rich in potential and resources to be exploited, such as abandoned quarries and industries, underused cycle paths and scenic routes. These elements can be activators of a new development process able to recycle these assets and promote a new future for the place and the community. In the Lake Iseo area a territorial strategy must be implemented following three main actions oriented towards: resilience and sustainability; the reuse of abandoned heritage and the recycling of weak and polluted sites; the development of new connections in terms of accessibility and digitalisation. In conclusion, in the last decades, the mountain has experienced a slow process of impoverishment that has created empty spaces, low density and youth emigration. Today, thanks to technological progress and the transformation that the current pandemic is imposing on people, new opportunities are developing for peripheral areas, such as the mountains. These aspects are decisive for the development of new territorial strategies, projects and policies that aim to attract new economic and social capital, create spaces for vibrant communities and dynamic centres of innovation, where to promote new jobs and enhance the local heritage.

THE POST-PANDEMIC FUTURE

other important asset of this place is gastronomy, with Kobarid being the epicentre of the region’s growing culinary reputation. Nature, culture, history, food and sport are important elements in the local development of the So ča Valley. Over the past decade, the number of visitors has experienced profound growth. In 2018, the Soča Valley destination generated 806,115 overnight stays, a growth of over 30% compared to the previous year. However, this trend could lead to a process of touristification, negatively affecting territorial development. Therefore, it is important to enhance the value of urban and territorial spaces, promoting policies that help to: regulate this phenomenon; contribute to the regeneration of neglected and disused resources; enrich the local economy; foster the development of new vibrant communities; promote new initiatives and projects able to attract people all year round. The centre of this process can be Bovec. A city to start with spaces for local craftsmen, national and international artists, but also travellers, remote workers and young families. Empty and underused areas can become stages for new ideas and products, spaces for interaction between people, cultures, tradition and innovation, and where workshops and new community spaces can be developed. Mountains can become new attractions for different types of users and inhabitants, where new lifestyles and tourism can be developed, where sustainable behaviour and resilient approaches can be improved. Neglected spaces and underused paths and buildings can be perfect scenarios for mountain regeneration. This is the case of the area around Lake Iseo in northern Italy, a UNESCO World Heritage Site between the provinces

Bibliography: Carta M (2018) Polipheries: Heterotopic cities and plural communities of a different present in Southern Europe. In: Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, et al. (eds) Dynamics of Periphery: Atlas for Emerging Creative Resilient Habitats. Berlin: Jovis Verlag GmbH, pp. 30–49. Lusiani M and Zan L (2013) Planning and heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 3(2): 108–115. Moulaert F, Martinelli F, Swyngedouw E, et al. (2005) Towards alternative model(s) of local innovation. Urban Studies 42(11): 1969–1990. Ostrom E (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Scaffidi F (2018) Territorial creativity in peripheral context. Urban and regional effects of the re-cycle of Añana saltworks. In: Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, Lino B (eds) Dynamics of Periphery. Berlin: Jovis Verlag GmbH, pp. 282–289.

Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, Lino B (2018, a) Dinamics of Periphery. In: Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, Lino B (eds) Dynamics of Periphery. Berlin: Jovis Verlag GmbH, pp. 6-7. Schröder J (2018, b) Open habitat. In: Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, et al. (eds) Dynamics of Periphery. Berlin: Jovis, pp. 10–29. Schröder, J (2017): Towards an architecture of territories. In: Schröder J, Carta M, Ferretti M, Lino B (eds.) Territories. Rural-Urban strategies, pp. 14–35, Jovis Verlag GmbH, Berlin. Schröder J (2016) Urban initials. In: Ricci M and Schröder J (eds) Towards Pro-Active Manifesto. Roma: Aracne Editrice, pp. 173– 179. Wise N (2017) Local community and local economy: Place, policies and power at the micro- scale. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 32(7): 595–600.

THE POST-PANDEMIC FUTURE

OBJECTIVES AND TASK Jörg Schröder, Alissa Diesch

Introduction: The topic of the master design studio in Winter 2020-21 is MOUNTAINS. We are keen to explore mountains as a world distant to metropolis that offers chances for resilience. Mountains have always been and are now—in climate change, social and economic challenges, and even in the Corona crisis—places of inventiveness. Our interest are new lifestyles and living/working models in mountain areas that attract new “temporary citizens” and form chances for peripheral and marginalised communities. We want to address spatial innovation connected with this “new habitat”, in terms of up-scaling, replication, new typologies. For this, two innovations are at the core of the studio: new forms of urban and territorial projects, more strategic, more adaptive, more interactive— and new forms of analysis to grasp cultural resources for a creative use towards the future. The master design studio will be organised as a combination of “free projects” with a shared topic and methodology—as a common platform of invention and experimentation. In a first phase, the selection of place and focus for the project (10%) as well as the overall objectives will be sharpened—starting from ideas the master students bring into the studio. In an analytical phase (30%), they will clarify the specific task of each project, in spatial, programmatic, and processual aspects, according to the specific context. In the design phase (60%), students will work on a range from territorial to architectural strategy and intervention.

Context: Mountains understood as particular territories and a world beyond metropolis are the spatial and conceptual framework that will be analysed and tested for design in this studio. The particular spatial and climatic conditions of summits, valley, hills and mountain ranges have been the breeding ground for highly adapted life styles and cultures, globally. These conditions are still and probably not yet sufficiently recognized - again chances for resilience. Emerging lifestyles and living/working models make use of long-standing adaptations to these regions by combining traditional abilities, knowledge, and intelligence with digital and social innovations. “New habitats” are created where native and vernacular concepts meet new “temporary citizens”, re-signifying established structures, expanding them with new global and local networks and flows. These innovative articulations of long standing heritage and new creative work forms and lifestyles will be analysed in the MOUNTAINS studio and used as base for further relational strategies. Methodology: In the MOUNTAINS studio each project will be developed and supervised individually according to the ideas the students bring up. However, the studio is understood as a common platform of exchange and mutual learning, of invention and experimentation. New forms of analysis to grasp cultural resources for a creative use towards the future will be tested. For this an analyticalconceptual approach, particular tools for analysis, design, and communication will be developed. This includes mapping, diagramming, video, in-

Phase I: Selection & Objectives (10%) Selection of place and focus for the project and sharpening of overall objectives. The participating students are asked to define places and regions for intervention as well as the guiding objectives — starting from ideas the master students themselves bring into the studio. Output (1) Portfolio: the selection of place and focus, definition of objectives. October 28th 2020 Phase II: analytical work (30%) Clarification the specific task of each project, in spatial, programmatic, and processual aspects, according to the specific context. The participants deepen the objectives and define tasks. Each project is individually discussed and developed considering to the concrete questions and program. Output (2) Research dossier: the analytical phase, spatial, programmatic, processual aspects. November 25th 2020

Phase III: design (60%) Work on a range from territorial to architectural strategy and intervention. The students design their projects spatially and conceptually in different scales, developing appropriate approaches and proceedings for their ideas. Output (3) Design manual: in the scales 1:25.000 (valley), 1:5.000/2.000 (town, village), 1:500/200 (zoom). February 3rd 2021

OBJECTIVES AND TASK

fographics, drawings, models, for the analysis as well as for the design process and presentation. The exchange of ideas and adapting concepts by up-scaling, replication, development of new typologies, new hybridisations of uses and meanings/ interpretations will mark the design process.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kunst Meran, Südtiroler Künsterbund, Architekturstiftung Südtirol eds. (2018) Neue Architektur in Südtirol. 2012-2018. Zürich, Park Books. Roger Diener, Jacques Herzog, Marcel Meili, Pierre de Meuron, Christian Schmid (2005) Switzerland. An Urban Portrait. Vol. 1: Introduction. Vol. 2 Borders, Communes - a brief history of the territory. Vol. 3 Materials. Basel, Birkhäuser.

Werner Bätzing (2009) Orte guten Lebens: Die Alpen jenseits von Übernutzung und Idyll. Zürich, Rotpunktverlag. Werner Bätzing (2015) Die Alpen. Geschichte und Zukunft einer Europäischen Kulturlandschaft. München, C. H. Beck. Mario Cucinella (2018) Archipelago Italia. Projects for the future of the country’s interior terrritories. Padiglione Italia alla Biennale Architettura 2018. Rome, Quodlibet. Jörg Schröder, Maurizio Carta, Maddalena Ferretti, Barbara Lino eds. (2018) Dynamics of Periphery. Atlas for Emerging Creative and Resilient Habitats. Berlin, Jovis. Constructive Alps (International architecture award). See: http://www.constructivealps.net

TIMETABLE

21.10. Introduction 28.10. Reports Selection & Objectives

02.12. Correction

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND TIMETABLE

04.11. Correction 11.11. First presentation analysis

09.12. Colloquium 1

18.11. Plenum - no correction 25.11. Full presentation analysis & Concept idea in kleines Foyer

16.12. Correction 06.01. Correction 13.01. Colloquium 2 20.01. Correction 27.01. Master Thesis - no correction 03.02. Final Presentation and Hand in in kleines Foyer ___________ 10.02. hand-in documentations

EXPLORATIONS

Harz Thuringia page 66-83 page 50-65

Alps

page 26-27

Location of the projects worldwide // googlemaps

Crimea

page 84-102

Barcelona page 34-49

EXPLORATIONS 25

Nepal page 103-115

* 0

400 km

Leukerbad page 116-131

Bergell Engadin page 132-147

Lake Iseo

page 148-159

Location of the projects in the Alps // googlemaps

EXPLORATIONS

Sarn Valley page 160-171

So ča Valley page 172-181

50 km

ATLAS OF EXPLORATIONS Alissa Diesch, Michel Grändorf

This Atlas shows the projects in two zooms, using the same scale and representation for each site. This enables cross references and discovering overlooked similarities. The first map is focusing on a typical settlement of the region. By analysing the different sizes and densities a wide variety appears, also the relation of topography and built structures are a focus here. By comparing topography, buildings, rivers and streets, the huge heterogeneity but also overarching schemes of habitats in mountain areas can be captured. 200 M GSEducationalVersion

The second map to each project is offering a bigger scale and with it a overview to each area. The different characteristics and environments of mountain areas are visible here and show the divers territories of the students’ projects. These maps also show the big differences by scale between the ten projects and with it the variety of the course results. The multi scale thinking in territorial design and the impact of small interventions for a extended area become perceptible. 5 KM GSEducationalVersion

Serra de Collserola, As a Metropolitan Connector

Speculative Futures for the Harz Area Vanessa Schwarzkopf and Emma Römer

page 34 - 49

page 50 - 65

ATLAS OF EXPLORATIONS

Michel Grändorf

574 m

73 m

CIUTAT MERIDIANA

BRAUNLAGE

153 m

200 M

GSEducationalVersion

Ciutat Meridiana

Braunlage

153 m

574 m

GOSLAR HALBERSTADT

SEESEN WERNIGERODE CLAUSTHAL-ZELLERFELD

BLANKENBURG

SANT CUGAT DE VALLES

QUEDLINBURG

OSTERODE AM HARZ

CIUTAT MERIDIANA

BRAUNLAGE

EL PAPIOL BARCELONA

HARZGERODE BAD LAUTERBERG IM HARZ

MEDITERANEAN SEA

NORDHAUSEN SANGERHAUSEN

5 KM GSEducationalVersion

Serra de Collserola

Harz area

Spain

Germany

Periphery Between two Mountains

Junction Node

Rebekka Wandt

Anna Kozachkova

page 66 - 83

page 84 - 102

227 m

272 m

AROMAT

HEILIGENSTADT

200 M

200 M GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Heiligenstadt

Aromat

272 m

227 m

GÖTTINGEN NORDHAUSEN

HOLUBYNKA

HEILIGENSTADT

AROMAT

PLOTYNNE SOKOLINOYE

5 KM

5 KM GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Thuringa

Crimea

Germany

Ukraine

Sagarmatha Regional School

Leukerbad 2.0

Karina Tews

Pia Schulenberg and Nadine Kristandt

page 103 - 115

page 116 - 131

ATLAS OF EXPLORATIONS

KHUMJUNG

KHUNDE

3935 m

LEUKERBAD

31 1246 m

200 M

200 M GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Khunde and Khumjung

Leukerbad

3935 m

1246 m

LAKE THUNER MOUNT EVEREST

THYANGMOCHE

PHORTSE KHUNDE / KHUMJUNG

LEUKERBAD INDEN ALBINEN

MARTIGNY

5 KM

5 KM GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Sagarmatha

Leukerbad

Nepal

Switzerland

Bergell and Engadin, Between Rural and Urban

From Ego to Eco, New Lifestyle after Covid-19

Ricco Frank and Hans von Witzendorff

Angela Gaini

page 132 - 147

page 148 - 159

SOGLIO

1053 m

MARONE

CASTASEGNA

205 m 703 m

200 M

200 m GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Soglio

Marone

1053 m

256 m

SCUOL COSTA VOLPINO

MARONE BERGAMO ISEO SARNICO

SANKT MORITZ BRESCIA

SOGLIO

5 KM

GSEducationalVersion

Bergell and Engadin

Iseo Lake

Switzerland

Italy

The Soča Valley

Gabriel Cameron and Nicolas Witt

Ajda Lukman

page 160 - 171

page 172 -181

ATLAS OF EXPLORATIONS

United Towns of Sarntal

456 m

BOVEC

995 m

SARNTHEIN

200 M

GSEducationalVersion

Sarnthein

Bovec

995 m

456 m

BOVEC

DURNHOLZ TOLMIN

REINSWALD SARNTHEIN

BOZEN

5 KM GSEducationalVersion

Sarn Valley

Soča Valley

Italy

Slovenia

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

As a Metropolitan Connector

Michel Grändorf

73 m

GSEducationalVersion

CIUTAT MERIDIANA

153 m

200 M

Torre de Collserola

Castellciuró

Ermita De Sant Medir

Historical view at El Papiol

Castle of El Papiol

Aqueduct Ciutat Meridiana 1

Aqueduct Ciutat Meridiana 2

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

Settlement in Collersola

The subject of „MOUNTAINS“ is on the one hand very clear and precise, on the other hand it is difficult to grasp due to its sheer size. In order to give this project a framework, it makes sense to first determine a location, as well as a topic question. The Serra de Collserola low mountain range is located between the second largest city in Spain, Barcelona, and the small and little known town of Vallès. The small town of Vallès is connected to Barcelona, but they have separate city systems. Barcelona continues to grow steadily, but is enclosed by the western river Llobregat and the eastern river Riera de Caldes, as well as the sea

and the low mountain range Serra de Collserola. As a result, rents are rising and the number of residents per square kilometer is considerably high. The second largest metropolis in Spain is home to the most densely populated square kilometers in Europe. Consequently, the question arises how the scarcity of land and the population density can be relaxed? One option for this would be to understand the mountain range not as a separation, but as a connection.

Grafic of Collserolas new tram line around and with resulting connections throughout the mountain

GSEducationalVersion

Cities in Catalunia are always located at the intersections of this road network. The nature areas are mostly located on the mountains, these areas are less occupied by humans. In my opinion, by finding new uses for these areas, they can strengthen the future of that region. If we do not point them out as special natural areas, sport or education places, they will be replaced by private buildings in the future.

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

It must be mentioned that in reality humans already have an influence on almost 100% of the earth. This also holds for the Serra de Collserola. However the conventional understanding of Serra de Collserola there are many natural areas. The connections from Barcelona to Vallès should be strengthened as much as possible without extensive destruction of nature. The means by which a connection between Barcelona and Vallès can be created must also be worked out within this project. Is a system possible here that could also be used in other mountain areas, or should action always be site specific? Systems such as a circular railway, comparable to that of Berlin, can also be thought of. Thus, the focus would be on the mountain, but the idea is not built on it. In Seoul, for example, the mountain in the centre of the city is deliberately not built on, but it is a point of attraction for the residents. In the following you find an investigation to these questions in more depth in order to find solutions to the problems of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Catalunia is quite complicated from the perspective of terrain. The population of the region is concentrated at the coastline. Shortly after the sea the landscape is changing into a mountain area. As a result most of the cities and villages are positioned in the gap between. Other cities like Girona are located in the area behind. Through the history a net of roads appeared, down the coastline and between the first line of mountain and the followings.

Concept

Vision building a Metroline around Casserola.

The result is a connection of the cities, towns The focus could switch to Collersola as anoand suburbs. ther fix point of the metropolitan area.

This should change the metropolitan area over time

Map of the metropolitan are around Collserola

2000 m

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

Concept

Example of a weekend in Serra de Collserola

Connections in Collserola through new points of interest

Concept

Sketch of the different uses at Collserola mountain

Lung of the metropolitan area

By locating more points of interests, like culture, restaurants, hotels, sightseeing, educational institutions into the area west and east of Collserola the traffic is going to equalize in the future.

Amount of tram traffic in the morning

Amount of tram traffic in the evening

Traffic direction depending on the time of the day

Change to equalize traffic in the future

The mountain Collserola not only takes on the tasks of connection, education and sport activities but also as a lung for the new metropolitan area - equal to the idea of the “Tempelhofer Feld“ in Berlin. If Collserola becomes the centre of the metropolitan area, than it is surrounded by compact building structures. The missing wind and fresh air in dense cities is often a problem. By offering green spaces close to these areas the wind can strengthen up in these green zones and can move into the city. The result is a natural cooling effect and gives the city the option of reaching a much denser building structure than a city without a natural lung. Since we know that there are many buildings at Collserola which could be adapted for other uses, we should implement these into the project. We learned in the beginning about already existing projects like the Torre de Collserola. So how could a day in Collserola look like if it is not only for getting in touch with the nature? (graphic p. 39) What could a weekend in Serra de Collserola look like? - After leaving the mobility hub the woman is passing art on the way into the mountain which is guiding the way. Afterwards the food of Catalonia could be enjoyed on the way. Social activities could take a part of the day, next to education in a university building or think tank. Also sightseeing could catch the interest of the visitor. Scientific progress should be a focus to give the visitor a feeling of the necessity of change in our world to keep the existing nature and to support following generations.

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

The following concept results out of the previous analysis and should help find solutions for the changes within the region. First of all it is necessary to keep the mountain Collserola as a mainly natural area. Second of all it should become another or the centre of the metropolitan area. Maybe this sounds odd but by giving the mountain a use and points of interest next to the natural aspects, it is redefining. But how to get there? The idea is a new tram line which is connecting the villages, suburbs and cities around Collserola with each other and the new uses within the mountain. In the future the gaps around Collserola are going to close and the area will be strengthened. In the last graphic the area is growing so much that the focus from Barcelona City switched to the centre of Collserola - the metropolitan city is born. If the new tram becomes a main traffic option for daily travel between home and work and the other way around, than there are going to appear travel directions in the beginning of the project. The morning routines are going to show a rush into the city of Barcelona and also Vallès which is located in the north of Collserola. Even if the industrial production is equally distributed around the area these main routes are going to appear because the service sector is growing in the last years and is taking over the mayor part of jobs. The traffic in the evening is going to be the opposite direction. But the idea should be equal traffic in the whole metropolitan area. By locating more points of interests, like culture, restaurants, hotels, sightseeing, education points into the area west and east of Collserola the traffic is going to equalize.

El Papiol

42 0

150 m

Map of El Papiol

Connections of El Papiol

Connections in El Papiol

The visitor who is not on a daily basis in El Papiol needs to be guided by architecture to the mountain. The starting point is the mobility hub, at the boarder of the historic area and next to the main street. From there the visitor has the option of going to the castle or to turn to the west, towards Collserola. Both ways are visible. The street from the mobility hub to the castle is changed into a pedestrian area with a new pavement for better recognition. Both ways are offering art and information spots to help the visitor on his*her way. The information points explaining the nature of Collserola and how the scientific and educational spots in the mountain are helping to strengthen nature and to minimise occupation Also the other spots in the mountain are advertised at these information points and should help the visitor to decide her*his path. El Papiol’s shops, restaurants and cafés should also benefit from these changes. With more users there are more people spending their money and time within this area. So the economy should rise and the centre becomes a social hotspot. The pavement of the pedestrian area is also changed to visibly show the new social direction of the old town. This pavement is designed so that all pedestrian areas of the mobility hubs are following the same architectural language. Basis for the design is the rose of the pavement of Barcelona. By scaling the rose up the leaves are not closed anymore. The result is not a closed object but a option of connection. By taking away one of these opened leaves of the rose the option of variation is maximised. The new design should represent the idea of new connection in the metropolitan area.

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

After explaining the new uses and developments of Collserola there is the question about how the new mobility hubs, where the tram stops are included, are helping each suburb, village or city? This is why we are going to have a look at the stations. Each of them is developed individually but certain aspects are in common to form a connection between the architecture of all the stations. El Papiol is located in the north west of Barcelona and in the west of Collserola. The small city is offering a small historic centre on a hill. The main sightseeing building is the castle of El Papiol. That area consists mostly of the residential living. In the south of the historic part is the industrial area. It is visible in the map by the structured and bigger scale of buildings. Until now El Papiol is a quite independent city. For sure, a certain amount of citizens are working in Vallès or Barcelona, but because of the industrial sector close to the old town many have the option of working in the surrounding area. The city is focused on itself. The connection to the surroundings is historically not realised. As a result El Papiol doesn’t interconnect with Collserola at all. In my opinion this should be changed in the future. By placing the mobility hub at the entrance of the historic part of El Papiol and directly at the main street which is running through the city, a strengthening of the spot should be the result. Furthermore, the connection between the different areas of the city should be better. If the main traffic is switching from private transport to public transport, then all the people of El Papiol are using the mobility hub and a revitalisation of the old part is the result. To create a strong bond between El Papiol and Collserola there needs to be a visible connection.

Zoom El Papiol

Main road from El Papiol to Collserola

New pedestrian area in the old town

50 m

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

Zoom El Papiol

Perspective of El Papiol

Pavement designed for the new metropolitan area

Ciutat Meridiana

GSEducationalVersion

Ciutat Meridiana

Connections of Ciutat Meridiana

Section of the mobility hub

100 m

10 m

the new mobility hub starts the path into Collserola. Visible is the metro station and the new mobility hub. The dotted line is showing the new tram line. Similar to El Papiol, the new station is located at the point where the tram line and a newly strengthened central area meet. Different from the path in El Papiol, Collserola is starting very close to the mobility hub. The axonometry is helping to understand the difference of terrain. Also the church and school next to the metro station become visible. Between them and the mobility hub appears the new pedestrian area. Similar to El Papiol, the pavement is changed to make the development of the quarter more visible. Art and information is located from the church over the mobility hub until the entrance of Collserola. The shape of the building derives from the lines of the existing buildings around and also because of the new tramline passing directly next to it. The mobility hub is closing the pedestrian area. A comfortable size of a plaza is the result, ready to be filled with social activity. The new mobility hub is facing Collserola but also the new plaza. It is the entrance or end of the new pedestrian area. By changing the pavement and closing the area for cars, there will appear more interest in the area among the citizens and visitors. The dark red buildings show the existing shops but also the way to the metro station and the ground floors on the opposite side of the street. They could be switched to new uses such as shops, bars, restaurants, hotels and offices.

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

As a second example for one of the stations I chose a quarter of Barcelona: Ciutat Meridiana. The area is located in the west of Collserola. The area is interesting due to its position between urban structure and countryside. It is one of the last high build residential areas before nature. Ciutat Meridiana got build in the second half of the 20th century, in a time of high issues with too few apartments for the working class in that time. This is the reason for the focus to the centre of Barcelona. All the tram and train lines are leading the people from Ciutat Meridiana to the core of Barcelona. Even with the nature of Collserola located directly at the boarder of the quarter, no interaction with the mountain is established until now. The acknowledgement of Collserola will change with the new projects in Collserola and nearby. With the proposal for Ciutat Meridiana there should appear a stronger connection to the mountain next to it. Visible in this map is the division of the quarter in different areas. The reason for this is the difference of terrain between each of them. This is also the reason for the two aqueducts in the area. There is going to be the new tram line and also the pedestrian connection from each area of Ciutat Meridiana to the next one. The furthest part in the North is an industrial area and a residential area. The other two parts are residential areas with a few shops in the central part. By changing the street in red into a pedestrian area and locating the new mobility hub in the western part of it there is going to appear a new centre of Ciutat Meridiana. The metro station is located on the eastern side of the red area. From

Zoom Ciutat Meridiana

Axonometry of the main intervention road in Ciutat Meridiana

Building shape

Floor plan -1 level

15 m

SERRA DE COLLSEROLA

Zoom Ciutat Meridiana

church and school

metro station

private school

new pedestrian area

existing shops

mobility hub

new tram line

Perspective of Ciutat Meridiana

Ciutat Meridiana perspective

GSEducationalVersion

Floor plans ground floor / first floor / second floor

15 m

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA Emma Römer, Vanessa Schwarzkopf

GSEducationalVersion

574 m

BRAUNLAGE

200 M

Braunlage

Wernigerode

Rabenklippe

Clausthal

Elbingerode

Hiking path

Quarry Elbingerode

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

Forest Dieback

The project evolved by the interdependency of our field of interests and a social dilemma we detected in the then chosen area. Combining both, we found the relationship between humankind and nature in the mountain range of the Harz area

to be unclear and longing for negotiation. Our method of building speculative future scenarios around this issue broad us to being able to reflect our thoughts and learn more about our present.

METHODS OF THE PROJECT 1. Finding Topics of our Interest

3. Analysing the Area 4. Defining Methods for Speculative Futures 5. Building Speculative Futures

2. Choosing a Location Vision A: One Harz

Vision B: Harz for All

6. Detecting Social Dilemma HARZ Northern Germany Mountain Range

HUMAN 6. Reflection

Total Area 2.226 km² Length 110 km Elevation 1.141 m Peak Brocken Parent Range Central Uplands Region Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia (trilateral border) Larger Cities (inhabitants) Goslar (50.554), Wernigerode (32.534), Sangerhausen (25.963), Osterode am Harz (21.563), Clausthal-Zellerfeld (15.727) Orogeny Hercynian

= ≠

NATURE

1. Field Trip

3. Megatrends gender shift health globalisation new work urbanisation individuality connectivity mobility knowledge culture security silver society neo-ecology

2. Analogies

4. Learning From

Limestone Quarry Elbingerode

Star Wars

Yosemite (CA, USA) Berchtesgaden (Bavaria, GR) Walsertal (Vorarlberg, AU) MAB- Programme

5. Magazine Covers

Photographing nature

Wernigerode

Photographing Paris

Chur

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

METHODS SPECULATIVE FUTURES

Vision A Harz from Producer to Service Provider to Artefact: One Harz

54 Vision A: National Park Harz

10 000 m

The Harz area is now merged to One Harz. There are no borders inside. Neither the trilateral border nor the inner-German border is existent anymore. The border of humankind and nature is brought to an extreme. The Harz is ruled by nature; outside are the humans, who are only allowed to visit. There is a new border around the Harz area. You are either inside or outside. You think this is too much? Why? You were already accepting the borders before. We are permanently surrounded by borders of any kind. Physically and emotionally. Decades, you were fine with the trilateral border and until now there are still differences between east and west. You were the one to differentiate between humankind and nature. Today, we reunite the Harz area and declare a new region, bringing every border to its extreme.

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA 55 Increasing urbanisation outside the National Park Harz 2050

Wernigerode and Elbingerode

5 000 m

200 m

Schematic section Wernigerode 2050

56 WERNIGERODE Arrival Point and Haus des Harzes Wernigerode is setteled directly at the foothills of the Harz National Park and already provides infrastructure and touristic programme to serve as an entry to the area. Dwelling, attractions and gastronomy have developed along the existing routes leading into the National Park. In the historic city centre, many hotels are located next to important hubs and areas yet to be developed. As one of the main entrances into the Harz National Park, Wernigerode is considered to work as service and information provider, educating locals and tourists about the area. Therefore, an implementation of a general information centre with landmark character is suggested.

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

Schematic section Elbingerode 2050

57 ELBINGERODE Revitalisation along the main roads and re-naturalisation of the quarries Since the mining era of Elbingerode will come to an end, the city will encounter new possibilities. Two of three quarries will be re-naturated; the third will transform into an industrial monument. While in one of the re-naturated quarries humans are excluded, they are allowed to stay and camp at the other one. The Harz as an artefact is now able to be observed and enjoyed with full awareness. In the main roads of the city of Elbingerode is place for info centres, shops and catering supply, where tourists are able to rest shortly from all their impressions.

Haus des Harzes and gate to the National Park

Open Cast Camping and revitalised Elbingerode

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

Vision B Harz from Producer to Service Provider to Habitat: Harz for All

59 Vision B: Biosphere Reserve Harz

100 m

The Harz area is now considered as the Harz for All. The human and the non human world live along side by side as well as in interrelation. Digitalisation made it possible for everyone to work from home. Therefore, a new work era has come. It is now possible to be close to nature and still be globally connected in real-time. Now is the time to drive ones one individualisation.

60 Growing settlements and further habitats in the Biosphere Reserve Harz 2050

Clausthal-Zellerfeld and Braunlage

5 000 m

200 m

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

Schematic section Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2050

61 CLAUSTHAL-ZELLERFELD Connecting Clausthal and Zellerfeld To support an identity for the city Clausthal-Zellerfeld the axis between the former Clausthal and the former Zellerfeld can be strengthened and considered as the connecting joint. A well-directed densification with attractive locations for housing, work and entertainment is the aim of this intervention. Harz Server Following the digital age, the virtual access for connectivity needs to be supported in the Harz area. To expand this network, there has to be a better infrastructure. The installation of regional server farms is not only a practical choice, but forwards the idea of an Harz identity an accelerator for Clausthal-Zellerfeld as an anchor point for innovation.

Schematic section Braunlage 2050

BRAUNLAGE 62 New Centre and Reprogramming Braunlage as a former city growing along the main road, has now the possibility to gain a centre with a marketplace, hotels, dwelling, educational institutions and other programs that are attracted to this kind of constellation. By creating this circle, a new kind of intimacy arises, leaving room for feeling save and able to rest. Inhabitants and visitors live not only along side each other, but have the chance to interact. Due to climate change, the ski tourism is decreasing. Braunlage will no longer be a place for ski-tourism. Therefore, tourists will find new motivation to visit the city. The transformation to health tourism with an eye on wellness retreats as well as points for seminars will dominate the city. This is the chance for a younger generation to participate, while being on a spectacular site in the middle of a mountain range. Some of they will just visit, some will see a reason to stay.

To devote oneself to a project always prompts the question of who serves who, who serves what and what serves what. In the best case, this is something that a designer is allowed to evaluate, besides finding a suitable place within the scene. To nuance all interests is therefore probably the most challenging, but at the same time the most beautiful task. In this project, we decided to proceed with our interests that accompanied us throughout the last years. Although they rather seem like personal interests, we believe they are strongly connected to a wider context in regard to social questions and debate the relationship between the human and the non-human world. We believe that gathering these interests and adjusting them to a spatial individual situation can create a realm, in which a convergence to the ideal of considering as much interests as possible is realisable – the project serves us and we serve the project. At this point, it is of importance to mention that the aim of the project is not to find universally applicable answers. The idea is to find even more questions drawn from all observers and all their possible answers. By looking into the past, we try to foresee possible developments in the future. By looking into the future, we hope to find solutions on how to act in the present. Working in different time frames is crucial to detach oneself from minor obstacles, which occur from personal perceptions within one’s own era. In the proposed speculative future scenarios for the Harz area the reflection of the relationship between nature and humankind is paramount.

How much nature is a human? Is there a border between those terms? If not, should there be one? And if yes, why? When we discuss this relation, are we rather discussing the relation between the human and the non-human world? And again: Do we need a segregation of these two? Both scenarios show futures debating these questions. Although they do not seem to be that different, they are. As planners our margin of solutions seems low. It feels that either way we have limited possibilities to intervene in the future. There are always the same items to add and to subtract. But the crucial point is where we see the addition and subtraction. These leaves ground for discussions and hopefully room for change. Over a long period of time now, we ask ourselves, who we are and who we want to be within the human world as well as the non-human world. The future holds so many challenges while bringing so many possibilities. Crises force us to change our behaviour towards our environment. This sounds at first dramatic and restricting. But, while others call it a crisis, we want to understand it as a chance. Understanding that everything functions in a network, makes us find ourselves within this circulation. It also makes us want to be more aware of our surrounding while we start to preserve it, to preserve us. It is possible to call this egoistic, but it is also possible to call it self-aware with the company of selfless actions. After all, we believe in a better future, because it carries answers as well as much more questions.

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA

Reflection

Post +

SPECULATIVE FUTURES FOR THE HARZ AREA 65

Thinking about the future should always happen in an infinite realm. Projects are never finished; thoughts shouldn’t also be. Let’s think about the future after the future. What will be our topics, concerns and pleasures? Future magazine covers can be seen as a teaser for answers and questions. These are examples concerning trends and topics connected to the Harz Area.

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

Eichsfeld, Thuringia

Rebekka Wandt

GSEducationalVersion

272 m

HEILIGENSTADT

200 M

Boarder museum Eichsfeld

Landscape at the boarder

Boarder track

Thuringia

Eichsfeld

Eichsfeld 2

Eichsfeld 3

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

Boarder

Central Germany consists of many mountains. Thuringia is a federal state with a high proportion of forested areas. The district of Eichsfeld lies between the Harz Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. Today, it is an important commuter region characterised by the landscape and the cultural life of the population. The Eichsfeld is becoming a research field for border region research. Especially in Thuringia, there are peripheral rural areas with low population density, weak economic power and migration tendencies. Thuringia has 2.2 million inhabitants, which is about 450,000 less than in

1990, and the forecasts predict a loss of another 275,000 Thuringians by 2035. In 2035, i.e. in nineteen years, Thuringia will still have about 1.9 million inhabitants. Thuringian Prime Minister declaring that Thuringia’s economy will be short of some 280,000 skilled workers by 2025 and 45,000 buildings will be empty in Thuringia, according to a plausible estimate by the International Building Exhibition Thuringia from various sources. Those who have such demographic conditions as Thuringia should, indeed must, actively strive for immigration and for a balanced relationship between town and countryside.

harzvorland

Eichsfeld

nordhausen

eichsfeld heilbad heiligenstadt

sondershausen

mühlhausen

erfurt eisenach

gotha

jena

thüringer becken arnstadt

bad salzungen

suhl saalfeld

meinigen thüringer wald hildburghausen sonneberg

GSEducationalVersion

Identification of the planning area

altenburg

weimar gera

osterland

Allgemein:

0-3% 3-5% 5-10%

Gründung: 01. Juli 1994 3 Städte / 79 Gemeinden Fläche : 940 km2 Einwohner: 100.645

Versieglungsgrad bezogen auf die Gemeindefläche Durchschnitt Thüringen 3,8%

flächenversieglung 5

15km

GSEducationalVersion

Harz GSEducationalVersion

Göttingen

Nordhausen

verbindung : halle - eichsfeld - göttingen/kassel

Auto-

A38 Kassel

unter 500 500 bis 1.000 1.000 - 3.000 3.000 - 5.000

Einwohnerzahlen (2018) 10.000 - 25.000

+ + Göttingen

SIEDLUNGS - und infrastrukturen 5

15km

region Hannover

GSEducationalVersion

northeim

Nordhausen

kassel

unstrut hainich kreis

werra meissner

weimarer

pendler ströme 5

Durchschnittliche Arbeitslosenquote 2017 der Landkreise in Prozent , Quelle: Bundesagentur

15km

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

FLOWS The centre-periphery divide is very different within Thuringia. The district of Eichsfeld is characterised by its location and commuter structure. The impact of the inner-German border can still be felt today. Today’s national border has its own dynamic effect, so that the efforts to achieve an inner unity of the Eichsfeld, even against the background of a historically grown togetherness, are by no means unbroken. The population decline in the Eichsfeld district continues. From 2008 to 2014, the decline of 6.2 % of the population was greater than in the period from 2000 to 2007. The Eichsfeld forms a stabilisation area between the metropolitan regions of the Saxony Triangle HalleLeipzig-Dresden and Hanover-BraunschweigGöttingen, as well as the independent economic growth area of Eisenach. With the completion of the A38 federal motorway, which runs between Göttingen and Halle, the Eichsfeld is the connecting element between these areas. The Eichsfeld commuter behaviour also reflects the low unemployment rate. However, there is a lack of connection to surrounding metropolitan regions.

SCENARIO 1

new networks How does mobility work in the village without its own means of transport? What will the rural lifestyle of the future look like? How can services of general interest be organised in the future in smallscale settlement structures with significantly fewer people? How will mobility and infrastructure change? How can we network better with the metropolitan regions?

SCENARIO 2

new structures

What do landscapes look like that strengthen the acceptance of the energy transition among the population? How does agriculture implement principles of sustainable living? How can a new relationship between city and countryside emerge in the area of food supply, recreation and energy production?

SCENARIO 3

new cooperation

What do the processes of change in the small-scale Thuringian landscapes mean for people‘s identity? What is needed to preserve lively villages? Between reurbanisation and suburbanisation. Out of the cities, out into the countryside. But why do some villages develop better than others and how can cooperation be generated?

strengths: new spaces of opportunity weaknesses: disregard of small / medium-sized towns opportunities: good metropolitan links threats: Imbalance - lack of infrastructure

strengths: recognisable local recreation area weaknesses: Accessibility / Distinction opportunities: Reduction of land sealing threats: Boundary between town and country

strengths: City remains city / village remains village weaknesses: pressure for redensification opportunities: local contexts threats: missing network

The challenges of the scenario in the Arenshausen zoom. A quarter of all municipalities have no rail connection. As a result, 75% of commuters use their cars to get to work and only 2-3% use public transport. There are currently few alternatives. Cycling is not yet an everyday mobility option. There is a lack of digitalisation ideas.

The challenges of the scenario in Zoom Uder. Currently, there is no prospect of meeting the climate targets. New energy cycles and new alternatives must be created. Uder offers enormous areas, e.g. for the cultivation of energy crops. There is a lack of public spaces, as there is no need for them. Food supply does not currently take place on a regional level. Farms need to be promoted.

The challenges of the scenario in the Heiligenstadt zoom. Lack of identification as a medium-sized town. The number of single-family houses is increasing, and so is construction. However, there is a lack of public facilities and cultural offerings. The ratio between new construction and redevelopment is imbalanced. In addition, there are empty shops in the town centre and new discounters in the industrial estate.

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

SCENARIO

STRATEGY 1. THINK AS ONE REGION In order to ensure sustainable protection of the entire region, developments must be considered and assessed regionally. In addition to mobility, spatial development and use, these also include social issues.

4. URBANITY FOR EVERYONE It is about the vibrant diversity of cultural and social facilities or various offers of education, work and living. For the region, this means a true-to-scale implementation of this urbanity at the urban and rural levels. In addition to the individual possibility of using space, this also includes comprehensive access to the technological standard.

5. ENVOLVE NETWORKS AND CIRCULATIONS 2. KNOW YOUR IDENTITY The Eichsfeld have a lot of charisma and different spatial characters, which have to be preserved, integrated and presented.

3. KNOW YOUR DIVERSITY Regional thinking in combination with local characteristics gives rise to an equally sustainable and fair region, which is nevertheless characterized by a variety of attractive individual characteristics. . Monofunctional structures are completely to be avoided.

The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy spares resources in the first place, in addition, it also connects a wide variety of participants locally and regionally with one another and, in addition, encourages decentralized supply.

6. INNOVATIVE THINKING Innovative planning should be the cornerstone of a sustainable region. Again, regional issues such as mobility, sustainability or social issues are in focus.

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

STRATEGY

ZOOM ARENSHAUSEN The Arenshausen location is characterised by its position on the railway network in the direction of Göttingen/Kassel and Nordhausen/ Erfurt. Arenshausen is also located directly on the A38 motorway and the Leine cycle path. Arenshausen is therefore a suitable location for the Mobility and Digitalisation Laboratory. In the course of planning the Kirchgandern Arenshausen bypass, which is an important junction, a flood protection system was built. The particular challenge of rural regions both in guaranteeing public services and infrastructures and in establishing innovative business models for companies - lies in their sparse population. Take Arenshausen as an example: in comparison, very large areas have to be served in order to reach comparatively few citizens.

einpendler

Nordhausen Göttingen

358 836 Daily commuters 53 binnenpendler

Kassel

422 Erfurt

INFRASTRUCTURAL JUNCTION

auspendler

Verwaltung

Rufbus Dorfladen Schwarzes Brett

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

This is an important task, especially in the area of mobility. Hence the idea of a mobility station. Because an area-wide infrastructure creates opportunities and preconditions for new business models and value chains. However, it is crucial for mobility applications to reach citizens and make new models accessible. Digitalisation dissolves part of the urban-rural fabric and increases the attractiveness of the place. In addition, new work models are possible in the new Mobility Hub. This increases competitiveness. The aim is to strengthen local value chains. In addition, this generates a place for local employment. The connection to Göttingen and Kassel is expanded.

Bürgerchat

75 Leineradweg Leihstation

Shared Space

Car Sharing

Bike Sharing

Farrradstraße

E-Station

Co-Working Shared Space

Start-Up Farrradstraße

Mobility Station

GSEducationalVersion

N S

m 1:1000

ZOOM UDER “In this laboratory, the relationship between landscape and agriculture, which is existential for the future of rural areas, is explored anew.” Uder lies in the Leine valley about four kilometres west of Heilbad Heiligenstadt. The landscape is characterised by the surrounding mountains. The location of Uder is particularly suitable due to its position along the country road in the Leine valley and is a central place for settlements in the surrounding area. Uder is not only characterised by its location and accessibility, but has also been home to two mills since the 17th century. In addition, the administration of Uder has the most agricultural businesses. The laboratory is intended to increase the proportion of Thuringian raw materials in Thuringian food processing in order to enable better local added value.

steinheuterode:

3 farms Farm complex with dairy farming

Nordhausen Göttingen

lenterode:

5 farms LF 384 ha

mackenrode:

4 farms LF 151 ha

Kassel

AGRICULTURAL CENTRE

Erfurt

UDER:

34 farms LF 2785 ha

UNI location

N S

The “Food Manufacture” concept is intended to simultaneously stabilise the ecology and economy of a climate-friendly land (economy) region. The landscape sets the rules, not the demand. Thus, a new food manufacture will be created in the village of Uder. The primary aim is to establish a regional value chain that generates new relationships between the city, the countryside and the landscape, and between producers and consumers. With the help of regional, interfarm agricultural product management in Uder, an exemplary landscape is to be created for Thuringia.

Experiment field

30min by train

m 1:1000 Forschungszentrum

Markt

Klimapark

Fliessband Markt

Ausbildungsstätte

Nutzpflanzenanbau Experiementierfeld

Alternative Hoflandschaft GSEducationalVersion

Werkhof

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

uder

göttingen

ZOOM HEILIGENSTADT Heilbad Heiligenstadt is the capital of the district of Eichsfeld with 17,129 inhabitants and a population density of 242 per km2. The town is characterised by the Klosterberg complex with the old town, several baroque buildings and the three medieval churches. Since the 19th century, the town has been further developed outside the city walls. Today, new single-family housing estates are being built on the outskirts of the town because demand is very high. Heiligenstadt's old town centre consists of few vacant buildings but has no cultural offerings. Heiligenstadt records 13,812 commuter movements every day. 78

einpendler

6.769

13.812 tägliche pendlerbewegung

Günterode

Nordhausen

bernterode rengelrode

Göttingen

heiligenstadt Flinsberg

keine direkt Verbindungen

Kalteneber Wirtschaftsstandort

110ha nettogewerbefläche

kassel

„EICHSFELD METROPOLCITY“

Erfurt

attraktive langjährige förderung durch eu, bund und land

aussterbender ortskern

GSEducationalVersion

Heiligenstadt centre could be strengthened through a process of settlement concentration, with the goals of strengthening the urban network, densifying promising areas and providing them with new services and facilities. Heiligenstadt‘s old town could specialise in certain themes: a new research and development centre, a centre for older people, a place for new start-ups and businesses. Above all, greater integration with Uder and Arenshausen would be conceivable. An integrated vision of rural areas and urban centres could be a possible development path, for multifunctional agricultural areas and new tourist leisure activities.

starker ortskern

example : Heiligenstadt

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

living requirements

79 W

m 1:1000

Kultur Hub

neue Wohnform

Shared Space neue Wohnform

COOPERATION In order to enable networking and cooperation, a meeting must take place at the beginning. This is how different networking platforms are to be formed. A place for good ideas. Here, vacant properties are redesigned for new ideas for use, and opportunities for promotion are shown in order to create added value for each community. This creates spaces for experimentation and a lively spatial culture.

Intensive urban-rural cooperation strengthens the competitiveness of the entire region. This would be enormously important for the Eichsfeld. Since in the Eichsfeld the community in most villages and the voluntary actors of the broad culture are becoming fewer and fewer, actors with different interests must be brought together. Crucial for a successful cooperation project with actors from rural areas is first of all knowledge about what determines the life-world of the actors. Where actors from urban and rural areas want to cooperate, they would do well to exchange information about the respective working situations and objectives and to develop curiosity. More in-depth research and cooperation would be the beginning, which could possibly lead to further models and recommendations for action, especially for the development of rural areas. Only in this way can a common level of action emerge that enables new potentials for rural areas.

Agriculture wants to farm!

Conservationists want to preserve species!

Residents want to enjoy the landscape!

Businesses want to develop commercial areas!

Mayors want construction land!

The aim of this work was to analyse the area on the basis of different landscape spaces. A new portrait for the state of Thuringia using the example of the Eichsfeld. A process-oriented development of a peripheral region with significant potential. On the basis of diverse visions of the future, a new

attitude for the region is to emerge. Identityshaping, contemporary and sustainable. In addition, my personal knowledge of this region, which I call home. Diverse landscapes make up an enormous quality of life for small towns and large villages.

PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

PERSPECTIVE

VISION

SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES

new networks Rail connection for all communities - short routes - call bus Transport to surrounding workplaces in the industrial area Improvement of public transport / expansion of infrastructure Bicycle becomes everyday mobility/ CarSharing new digitalisation ideas fibre optic expansion GSEducationalVersion

EXPERIENCE SPACES PERIPHERY BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS

PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES

new structures

new cooperation

New climate targets and energy cycles

New identification for Heiligenstadt due to new offers

Cultivation of energy crops

New residential structures / multigenerational living

creation of new open spaces and public squares

Attractive tourism

food supply on a regional basis

Redevelopment of vacancies

Promotion of farms

Increase in burger commitment

Research cooperation with the university

Strengthening of the old town centre / services

JUNCTION NODE Anna Kozachkova

227 m

GSEducationalVersion

AROMAT

200 M

Aromat

Rural place of culture

New park in Golubinka

Overall portrait

Memorial

Bus stop 1

Bus stop 2

JUNCTION NODE

Sokolyne

The area of intervention is situated in the Crimean mountains. It is part of the Bakhchisaray administrative district and consists of two rural municipalities: Holubynka and Zelene. There are nine villages with the population of 4.495 persons in the Holubynka rural municipality and six villages populated by 1.741 dwellers in Zelene rural municipality. The majority of residents in the area are Russians (49,94%), followed by Crimean Tatars (35,79%). The minority is represented by Ukrainians (9,54%). Thus, two large communities are present there: Orthodox and Muslim. The main road, Tavrida highway, passes through this territory, thereby connecting the administrative centre Bakhchisaray with Jalta and the southern coast of Crimea. In this way the villages

Concept scheme

there act like transit points and are typical main road villages, where some primary services, such as mini-market with limited products, post office, first-aid-dispensary, are situated near or along the road mainly close to the bus stops. Not all villages in the area have public transport connection and if they have it, the interval between the buses is from one to four hours in some directions. It makes the locals dependant on car in order they are able to satisfy their basic needs. The fact that there is a certain lack in delivering services and a limited range of products make this rural area also dependant on a town, namely on Bakhchisaray. Due to the favourable geographical position, exuberant vegetation as well as the presence of

count low frequency of passenger transportation, they are simply left without attention. These three components of life and infrastructure, namely sale points, Soviet bus stops as well as rural palaces of culture, served as starting point in the concept of territorial design. The aim is to eliminate informal trade along the road preserving, however, desire of subsistence farmers to sell their surplus. Furthermore, it is rational to use unoccupied space in the already existing or empty buildings instead of constructing new ones as well as important to broaden the range of products in the villages involving farmers from the neighbourhood and make them available for all dwellers, especially for those without cars. And finally, it is necessary to use the existing potential of the area in order to achieve certain independence at least in some spheres of life cooperating with the town. In other words the concept is to rearrange, improve and develop the area. This scheme, however, functions only with a proper mobility, which already exists in this territory in form of online gas station called booster. Special cars equipped with all the necessary devices deliver fuel via mobile application. Their function can be broaden to goods, meals and passenger transportation.

JUNCTION NODE

health and resort facilities, the district is famous for green tourism. In addition to the existing state structures private camp sites or households provide guests with accommodation as well. Architecture of buildings and houses is diverse and portrays mixture of different styles represented by mosques, Tatar houses out of shell rock, contemporary wooden villas as well as concrete schools, health and resort facilities build in the time of Soviet Union. Agriculture (crop production and animal breeding) as well as food industry are more developed in the direct neighbourhood and less in the area itself. The majority of the dwellers there are subsistence farmers, who produce for their families and sell the surplus. As a rule they arrange the so-called sale points along the road mostly near their own households. Such sale points are informal, because no one checks either the quality of products or the state of measure devices. Being almost 70 years part of Soviet Union has had influence on all spheres of life in Crimea as well as in the rest of Ukraine. One of the most interesting and still usable relics from the Soviet history is the palace of culture. It is an establishment, located in the centre of every rural settlement, town or city, where all kinds of recreation activities and hobbies are held. A typical floor plan of this building consists of space for entertaining functions, e.g. concerts, in the middle as well as space for additional functions, such as dressing, choreography and rehearsal rooms, around it. Most of the time the building is not or only partly occupied. Bus stops in their design also remind of Soviet time. Made of concrete they also function as protection during hot days. Nowadays, taking into ac-

Analysis

88 Location

Main branches of economy in the region

50000 m

JUNCTION NODE

Analysis

89 Main characteristics of the area

Valley with villages for the zoom

25000 m

Zoom

Village Holubynka

Cross section Holubynka

5000 m

using empty and abandoned houses means not only a source of income for the territory, but new working places for the dwellers without occupation, e.g. subsistence farmers, who are engaged in the process of cooking together with professional cooks. Fresh products from farms guarantee quality of dishes and thus success of this enterprise. Additionally, all dishes can be picked up or delivered to private households. Last but not least, these special cars function as public transport. With the help of mobile application one can check time-table, routes and current location of cars. As villages in Crimea as well as in the rest of Ukraine are pretty much the same in infrastructure, economy and lifestyle, one can create a catalogue of other periphery clusters based on Holubynka and Zelene rural settlements as the next step in this process. With the help of this catalogue it could be possible to act towards new centrality, mobility and chances for resilience in Ukrainian villages in general.

https://bahch.rk.gov.ru/ru/index http://golubinskiy-ss.ru/ https://wikiroutes.info/bakhchisarai/catalog

JUNCTION NODE

In the phase of rearrangement the idea of automates installed at the bus stops solve the problem of informal trade along the road. Specials cars pick up previously controlled surplus, e.g. fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, yoghurt, cheese, poultry, from subsistence farmers, bring it to the package station located in some empty house and afterwards load it into automates. Thus, some products are available 24/7 both for locals and tourists. In addition to this, it is possible with the help of application to see the location of automates as well as the range of products there. Farmers from the neighbourhood can optionally be involved in this process, too. In the phase of improvement big farms are totally engaged in this process. The concept of deliverable vegetable boxes and solidarity agriculture pick-up stations make it possible for locals without cars to get access to different kinds of fresh products. Special cars take away previously ordered via mobile application boxes with controlled products, e.g. vegetables, fruits, eggs, meat, fish, bread, groats, oils, nuts, and bring them to private households or pick-up stations located e.g. in rural palace of culture, school, kindergarten, library. These stations are open once a week for a couple of hours so that subscribed locals take their boxes away. As farmers do not either pay rent in pick-up stations or finance sellers, locals can buy different kinds of fresh products without mark-up, which means cheaper as in local grocery shop. Moreover, the centrality of these functional buildings make it convenient for the inhabitants to use this option. The phase of development is about increasing the value of the territory among locals as well as its attractiveness among green and health tourists. The idea of creating cafés with local cuisine re-

Zoom

Village Aromat

Cross section Aromat

5000 m

JUNCTION NODE

Zoom

Village Sokolyne

Cross section Sokolyne

5000 m

Concept/Design

94 Sale points in the area

Bus stops in the area

25000 m

JUNCTION NODE

Concept/Design

Sale points along the main road

Bus stops

Concept/Design

96 Rural palaces of culture in the area

Palace of culture: Typology

JUNCTION NODE

Concept/Design

Rural palaces of culture

Concept/Design

98 Phase 1 rearrangement

Concept scheme

JUNCTION NODE

Concept/Design

99 Bus stop in Aromat before the rearrangement

Bus stop in Aromat after the rearrangement

Concept/Design

100 Phase 2 improvement

Concept scheme

JUNCTION NODE

Concept/Design

101 Phase 3 development

Concept scheme

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL Karina Tews

KHUNDE

KHUMJUNG

102

GSEducationalVersion

3935 m

200 M

Sherpa culture

Sagarmatha

Ama Dablam and Khumjung

Khumbila

Namche Bazaar

Nepal impression 1

Khumjung

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

Khunde

103

104

Nepal is a small country (its territory is 750 km long, 250 km wide, population around 10 million) but it strikes with a bright individuality of its construction and artistic culture. At the same time it clearly features two cultures: India and China. Situated between the two big countries, Nepal has been fragmented throughout its history and has more than once become dependent on its neighbours. The caravan routes crossing the difficult mountain passes of Nepal, testify the continuous trade links between India and China. The first mentions of ancient Nepal are contained in Arthashastra. They talk about the Big Valley - the Kathmandu Valley, which has been the main life centre of the country since ancient times. Besides its immense culture, Nepal is very famous

for its mountain ranges and Alpinist tourism. One of the most famous tourist destinations in Nepal is the Sagarmatha region. The Sagarmatha region is located in the north of Nepal, on the border with China, in one of the longest mountain ranges, the Himalayas. The region attracts with its beauty and unusual location. It is surrounded by some of the highest peaks in the world, including the highest point on earth, Jamalungma. It is home to 8 of the 14 highest mountain peaks. This place is attractive for tourists, not only for its originality and culture. The settlements located high in the mountains are distinguished by the arrangement of their life from other regions of Nepal. The diversity of ethnic groups, castes, and languages is the cultural wealth of this country.

Concept Scheme

!! Links: JPG only! no PDF, no Ai!!

Main concept

but also additional children education as dancing, music, art classes etc. It also will supply this region with a place for people gathering and spending events. The Sagarmatha region is located in a highland area, the peaks here reach 8000 meters above sea level. Most of the settlements are located in the gorge between the mountains. The most visited place in the Sagarmatha region is the village of Namche Bazar, both among tourists and among Sherpas. It appeared quite a long time ago as a trading settlement. On Saturdays, a bazaar and fair are held here, where Sherpas from all the surrounding valleys converge. They trade, buy, sell goods. Namche originated on the main trade route of Tibetans and Sherpas, crossing the Main Himalayan ridge through the Nangpa La Pass (5860). Instead of the lost trade value, the city acquired a tourist one. Sherpas feed, settle, accompany tourists, of whom there are a lot. There are numerous hotels, catering facilities, shops with mountaineering equipment. There is no transport here, because of the steep slopes they move here on foot. The road to the surrounding villages on average takes 1.5-2.5 hours. Higher up the slope from Namche is the village of Kumjung. Kumjung is larger than Namche, Sherpas live here, raise livestock, grow potatoes, go to school. Tourists practically do not live here, sometimes they just pass by for preparation and acclimatisation, since the main routes to the frequently visited peaks pass Namche Bazaar. There is a school in Kumjung founded by Edmund Hillary. Now about 350 children from the surrounding villages study there, which is considered to be a lot for Sherpa villages.

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

Architecture, culture, and religion are closely related. And I reckon that this cultural wealth will give an impetus to the development of an architectural object. Today this country is far behind in progress. There are many obstacles to development related to drinking water, electrification, and infrastructure. The population of the district is quite large, more than 85% of the population lives in rural areas. The villages themselves often have little or no connection with the main cities and there are big problems in the field of education of the population. The region is very complex in nature. This is a place where the traditional culture and customs are still preserved. This is both a plus and a minus. It is hard to deny that the place requires development. People, especially young people, move from the countryside to larger cities. They have a lack of professional and social prospects. As well as more equipped houses and the availability of education and medicine. Mountain tourism in this area is the main engine of the economy and the main occupation of almost the entire male population of the area. The settlements are developing thanks to tourists, sometimes their donations. Tourism is an important sector of the economy of the Sagarmatha region, but unfortunately only this sector allows the region to develop. Everything is geared towards tourism needs, but tourism here, like in many other areas, is seasonal. The tourist flow reaches its peak in spring, which is the most favourable for climbing. The rest of the time, the male population leaves for big cities to work, women are engaged in cattle breeding. The main idea of this project is to make a centre which will include not only school education

105

Research shemes

106 Diversity map

500 m

The territory requires development. Namche Bazaar is the capital of the region and in comparison with other parts of the area it is the most modern “city” with a school, hospital and even a museum for tourists. People do not live here permanently because the work is seasonal. But in the upper village of Kumjung, people live on a permanent basis, raise livestock and engage in agriculture. Although Khumjung is located just an hour’s walk from Namche Bazaar, the equipment of the village here is much worse. The settlement is divided into two parts and does not have a single centre and structure. There is only a small market square, poorly formed by the adjacent buildings. Houses are chaotically located over a fairly large area. Each house has a large plot of land surrounded by a stone fence. It looks like terraces. In most cases, the plots are used for gardening. The settlement has several

Main regional center map

1000

small hotels, a hospital for the local population, several tourist canteens and bakeries. There is a main street along which goods are transferred from Namche Bazaar, and it is also the main road connecting the settlement to other territories. 1912 people live in Kumjung. Approximately 300 families has one to three school-age children. On the right side of Kumjnga there is an elementary school for 150 children, which is clearly not enough for this settlement. Some of the children go to school in Namche Bazar, but the journey takes too long. For this reason, children most often leave school after four grades, because families need help with household and due to the fact that the road to school takes 2 to 3 hours a day, children do not have the opportunity to help their parents. Thus, the settlement needs an additional educational centre for children and not only for them. Many Sherpa adults do not have

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

Concept

107

Value map

500 m

Main trekking roads map

Settlement map

500 m

Main touristic roads and centers map

500 m

Researcg shemes

Region school map

500 m

Regional main roads map

500 m

Distances roads map 1-1,5h 2-2h, 3-2,5h

500 m

108

Khumdjung map

People flue active map

500 m

2 00

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL 109 Local relief and major peaks

Local relief and main settlements

Masterplan

Zoom scaled down. adjust scale! (see below)

110

Left part of Khumjung masterplan

cross section

Khumjung area

200 m

for events. The premises of this school include 11 classes: 6 for elementary school and 5 for high school students, since fewer children go to high school. Of these, there are 9 general education classes and two specialized ones: a class for laboratory studies and a workshop where children can learn to cook, embroider, and make simple things. The school also has additional premises such as an assembly hall, a library and a separate block with a dormitory for teachers. The need for a hostel is due to the fact that this region has a shortage of teachers and they are forced to move from one settlement to another. Due to long distances and walking uphill, teachers get tired and stay overnight at schools. The school will allow the region to develop and provide the settlement with new school classes. The main design goal was to make the school building at the same time similar to the school and at other times similar to traditional Nepalese architecture. The main feature of the mountain architecture in this area is the squatness of buildings, pitched roofs for better snow melting, the use of ecological materials in the construction. White colour, lattice wooden “panels”, shutters and roofing from bamboo chips refer to the traditions of local architecture. Coloured frames are painted with natural paints whenever possible and hint to us that this is an institution for children. The choice of materials and technologies in general is due to the possibility of building in a similar area, without the use of heavy equipment and a large number of tools. The nearest delivery point for building materials is the Namche Bazar heliport. For the delivery of building materials, a rope hoist must be installed. The main structure of the building is made

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

enough education and there should be evening classes of additional school education for them. The new facility will serve the people living in the region as a point for various events, training, and leisure activities. As planned, the volume of the school centre will form the entrance to the settlement. It will attract people and serve as a “meeting” object on the way. Thus, the school will stand out from the main settlement and at the same time, there will be room for the further development of playgrounds and additional facilities in the future, a sport hall for instance. The scope of the school is a building in a traditional architectural style. The goal was to blend this facility into the environment and preserve the construction tradition in the region. Analysing the school facilities available in this region, a typical typology was chosen. Most of the schools in the region have open courtyards and classrooms facing the street. It was decided to adhere to this concept, due to the preservation of traditions, as well as fire safety. Since the region is highmountainous, construction is very difficult here. It is very difficult to deliver materials, for this reason the volume of the building is made in one floor and without a corridor system. The school will allow the region to develop and provide the settlement with new school classes. The school is designed for 150 students. The scope of the school is divided into two parts: a secondary school and a primary school. The need for such a decision is justified by the fact that Khumjung does not have a secondary school, and there are only 3 classes in the primary school. Thus, there will be classes for different children of different ages. The school will be divided but at the same time united by a common courtyard

111

Consept

Zoom scaled down. adjust scale! (see below)

112

Inner yard

cross section

Garden

This community centre will give local and lobby people the opportunity participate in the life of the settlement more actively. This is a new perspective for young people and even older people. A new platform will be created to unite the population. The canteen will help unload adjacent catering centres. The volume of the school fits perfectly into rural structure and provides an opportunity for further development. And also does not detach people from nature and their environment.

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

of timber frame, which is one of the lightest structures to assemble. It does not require too much effort and time, and can be assembled as a designer, even by non-professionals. The stel cake consists of the most wooden structure, wind protection, insulation, vapour barrier, lathing and external and internal finishes in the form of white plaster. The projected foundation is columnar, built approximately at a depth of -1200 mm. The basement of the walls and the fence are made in natural local stone. The roof structure is a simple rafter system that fits on wooden trusses with a maximum height of 800 mm, the filling is carried out with bamboo chips, after a layer of vapour barrier and insulation, an iron profiled sheet is laid. The proposal for the development of a new educational centre provides a path for the development of the valley and promotes the interests of not only tourists but also local residents. Tourism remains one of the strongest sectors of the economy of the region, but this project provides a small opportunity for the region to develop in another direction and will allow the settlements to become a little more comfortable and adapted for permanent life. This will provide additional jobs and temporary housing for teachers. And also there will be additional places for schoolchildren and will allow many children to get primary education. This is important for the development of the rural environment. This ensures that the region can develop further and more young people stay in the region. With the help of this object, the settlement will not lose its identity and historical authenticity, it will only complement the existing structure.

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Masterplan

114

School plan

100 m

cross section

Cross section

Relief cross section

SAGARMATHA REGIONAL SCHOOL

Construction sheme

115

50 m

LEUKERBAD 2.0 Pia Schulenberg, Nadine Kristandt

LEUKERBAD 116

GSEducationalVersion

1246 m

200 M

Leukerbad in winter

Leukerbad at night

Leukerbad in summer

Alpine ladder

Leukerbad nature

Thermal springs

Thermal springs 2

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Leukerbad in autumn

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118

The topic of this year‘s design project is Mountains - Mountains as a world distant to metropolis with chances for resilience. In this project, we are located in the Swiss canton of Valais, south of Bern and west of Ticino near the Italian border. For our analysis and design project we chose the Dala Valley, which is a secondary valley to the Rhone Valley. The district is called Leuk. If you explore the Dala Valley, you will come by small villages such as Inden and Albinen, in the valley head lies the well-known village of Leukerbad with almost 1600 inhabitants. Leukerbad is mainly known for its hiking, skiing and wellness tourism. The most special thing about Leukerbad is the source of many hot springs, which are used

Location: Switzerland - Canton Valais - District Leuk

by the local spas and thermal baths. The fact that about 50 % of the buildings are used for tourism shows that the tourism is very important for the village. At the moment there are not a lot of connection points between the tourists and the permanent inhabitants. Due to its topography, Switzerland has an exciting altitude development with many mountains and valleys. Leukerbad has been inhabited according to excavations since the Roman-Helvetian period (about 100-500 AD). It has about 20 hot springs, most of which originate in the area of the left bank of the Dalashore and the Dalabed.

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Eastern the Valley there is the Torrent Pass which is a popular skiing and hiking area. In the north there is the Gemmipass likewise a popular tourism region, it also borders to the canton of Bern. The Valley and the villages are all connected via themed hiking trails. One of the most important routes is the DalaRaspille cultural trail. It begins in the Gemmi and runs along rugged cliffs, green meadows and woods, and it stretches across the entire valley. At the end of the valley it runs through Varen and its vineyards to Salgesch in the Rhone Valley. The river that gives its name, the Dala, has its source at the southern foot of the Balmhorn massif and makes its way through the valley. In the northern part of the valley is the Dala Gorge. The varied landscape and topography of the Dala Valley has always been a magnet for travellers. Wide meadow and forest landscapes are abruptly ended by a steep slope. Therefore, there is much to discover in Leukerbad both in summer and winter. Summer attractions such as hiking, mountain biking or climbing are very popular. Many hiking trails start in Leukerbad: Destinations such as the Gemmi Pass, the Torrent Pass or the surrounding mountain villages or the Dala Gorge can be easily reached from Leukerbad. Cable cars can make the hikes easier. Climbers can use the framing rocks for running riot.

119

Dala Valley

500 m

Summary Analysis

120

Infrastructure

200 m

Distributions of functions

200 m

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Summary Analysis

121

More than half of the population is more than 40 years old. Since the early times the tourism was a big part of the local economy. Today nearly 50 % of all apartment buildings are used for accommodation, the highest density of buildings is in the centre, there is also the most diverse use of functions. Around and within the centre there are many poorly used spaces. Our concept is based on four main columns: The concept idea Leukerbad 2.0 is based on four main pillars, which are built on the current Leukerbad. In Leukerbad there are many poorly used spaces that have a lot of potential. The aim is to create an outdoor living room for the residents. Due to the surrounding mountain

landscape and the rich history there are many hiking trails in and around the village. The new paths shall connect the existing ones and explore new parts of the settlement and the nature. Most of the living houses are singlefamily houses. With multi-apartment houses and other multi-use building we are going to provide sustainable and modern alternatives. With collective parking lots at strategic points the individual car traffic is drawn out of the village. The existing circular bus line is updated with a more frequent schedule. Additionally there will be car and bike sharing stations all over the village to ensure a continuous connection.

Concept

122

Concept columns of Leukerbad 2.0

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Concept Interventions

123

Modular design principle

Schematic open spaces

Schematic trails, redensification, mobility

Masterplan

124

Caption

100 m

cross section

Masterplan

200 m

constructions are providing the setting with modern and sustainable living space. The floor plans are designed open and flexible. These buildings are supplementing the missing functions of Leukerbad. The purpose of those constructions is to reinforce the structure and improve the qualities as a town for the residents. The function of some buildings, especially in the city centre, are not ideal for the position. This will be changed with the interventions and designs. The idea of a more sustainable mobility is categorised in different topics, to improve different areas of the mobility: sharing stations, shuttles, buses and collective parking lots. The sharing stations are providing dependent on the location cars, bicycles or both. The shared means of transport are there for trivial uses but also for the connection between Leukerbad and the other villages. The existing circular bus line “Jet-Ring” is going to be updated with a more frequent schedule. Additional there is going to be a shuttle service that has a roadmap but can also be called to a different station. The locations of the parking lots are always next to a major function like a ski lift. They are always connected to the bus line. The purpose is to make the centre of Leukerbad car free. The spaces were originally used as parking lots, the intervention only enlarges them a little bit, properly adapted to the location.

LEUKERBAD 2.0

There are different types of new designed open spaces. In general, there are two categories: Green space and street space. The main purpose is to make existing meadows accessible but also to protect and support the nature. Flower beds, lawns and patches for wild herbage are instruments for that. The separate fields should be connected via the new trails. Most of Leukerbads roads are tarred. The roads in the village centre are subdivided with kerbs. With the new concept those subdivisions are going to be eliminated and the street officiates as a shared space for buses, bicycles and pedestrians. Squares and popular crossroads are building a new square system that runs through the city and can be used very flexible. A uniform flooring of the newly defined street spaces emphasises with the idea of unity. The new trails shall connect the existing trails in Leukerbad with each other and with further important places in the village. As shown in the graphic on the right the trails are mostly running through green spaces and sometimes, they are crossing a street or running along with it. The organic forms of the paths are imitating the natural flow of the surrounding. The flooring is the same as the one in the street space, thereby the passageways and spaces merge into one another. For example, a park has many paths that relate to each other, they are acting with each other and are categorised by different widths. There are different types of interventions of this category: New multi-apartment-buildings with a public use in the ground floor, single-use buildings and also the changing of functions and small redesigns of existing buildings. Arranged in the living settlements, these new

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Concept Interventions in Detail

126 Open spaces

New trails

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Concept Interventions in Detail

127 Redensification

Sustainable mobility

Zoom

128

Zoom schematic

Picked plants

Section zoom

50 m

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Zoom

129

Zoom design

Street space, example 1: Open-air concert

Street space, example 2: Themed market

50 m

Visions

130

Street space, summer

Street space, winter

LEUKERBAD 2.0

Conclucion

131

Concerts and events can take place in the street spaces, and a wide variety of sports activities such as individual or group sports can take place. The park landscapes are offering space for picnics, recreation, extensive walks and local flora. These new open spaces are intended to create places of encounter and promote harmonious coexistence, during all seasons, summer or winter. Our overarching goal was to enable residents and tourists to live together harmonically as a

community with better possibilities of contact and communication. So we recognized the street spaces as communal living space interacting with new accessible green spaces which function as a connection for everybody.

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Between Rural and Urban

Ricco Frank, Hans von Witzendorff

SOGLIO 132

GSEducationalVersion

1053 m

CASTASEGNA

703 m

200 m

Typical building structure of Engadin

Nossa Donna Caselmur

Julier theater

Bergell

Oberengadin Silverplana

Unterengadin Scuol

Unterengadin Ardez

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Soglio

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134

The richness of art, culture, sport and nature, coupled with the landscape, architecture and the climate in the Engadin and the Bergell region made a big impression on us and aroused our interest. The area has a long and rich history that can be experienced in a variety of ways on the way through the region. One of the highest inhabited regions in Europe, in the middle of the Alps, which has lived from tourism for centuries and is not only a sight and a recreational area, but also geographically interesting. The Lower Engadin borders Austria in the west, the Bergell merges into Italy in the east and the Lunghin Pass, above Maloja, forms one of the three continental watersheds.

Concept scheme

After leaving the large Swiss cities of Zurich, Bad Ragaz and Chur behind on the way to the Engadin, the path leads over the Julier Pass. After a few switchbacks and meters of altitude, the temporary Julier Theater, built in 2017, suddenly appears out of nowhere. A massive red wooden structure, surrounded by meadows, scree fields and mountain peaks seems like the gateway to the Engadin and Bergell. If you continue over the pass and down into the next valley, the road leads left towards St. Moritz and right over the Malojapass into Bergell, a sparsely populated part of Switzerland that has still remained traditional. Although located in the same valley, the difference could hardly be bigger.

which the people in Bergell and Engadin can identify. The exchange should be promoted without neglecting the autonomy of each place. Mountain tourism is the economic engine in Engadin and Bergell. Originally developed by the Brits, in the golden years of alpinism, as a health resort and recreation area, tourism transformed the region into one of the largest and most modern winter sports centres in Europe and the world. Not only nature suffered, but also traditional social cohesion. The transfer from extremely seasonal winter and summer tourism to a balanced, year-round distribution supplemented by labour tourism must be achieved. The aim is to deal more carefully with nature through sustainable concepts and to achieve a social mix through social offers. Mobility, energy and food production should be distributed more sustainably and more intelligently through digital networking in order to save resources. Demographic change is counteracted by extensive training opportunities and the euphoria of a “new alpinism“. At certain focal points distributed over the valley, the community becomes spatially visible and integrated into the existing structure. A building structure that picks up on all the topics that the analysis has brought up, that reacts to geographical conditions as well as to social ones. In the end, the networking of these structures creates an innovation landscape that is unique and takes up the needs of the location.

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

What happens if, e.g. the lack of snow as a result of the anthropocene or other factors, such as a health crisis, collapses the one-sided economy in Bergell and the Engadin? How can the region develop a balanced, less seasonal economic concept? How can the alpine valley remain worth living in the future? How can demographic change be counteracted? How can the consequences of climate change be treated at an early stage? Within the framework of the studio “Mountains“ we wanted to address these questions with the following work. The cities are becoming denser while displacing nature and living space is becoming increasingly scarce. Traditions are no longer passed on and communities are becoming more impersonal. Food is mostly produced outside of the cities and has to be distributed through complex logistics. In contrast, in particular young people move from rural areas to larger cities. They lack professional and social perspectives. The opportunity to shape your life as freely as possible according to your ideas, to participate in a global, digital life. But life in rural regions is also becoming more difficult for older people. Medical care and the provision of essential and consumer goods are becoming more central, which means longer distances. The vision for the Engadin and Bergell is to combine the advantages of rural and urban life and, conversely, to compensate for your disadvantages. The valley has the best prerequisites for meeting all the requirements of urban life in a rural context. The aim of the synthesis is to connect the valley in a network more closely. To create a brand that stands for everything that the region embodies and with

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Regional network

Perspective / Collage

136 Regional layer - infrastructure HUB

supra-regional mobility HUB

regional intervention

mobility HUB

local intervention

The valley - synergies | micro autonomies

supra regional network

mobility HUB

main road

regional network

micro network

railway line

new mobility 0

10000 m

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Concept

137

New alpinism - potential of modern living in the middle of nature

Digital network

138

Digital interface

provision of information Digital intangible network

single information

access of information

linking of different levels

Milk and sheep cheese 5G in the alpine region with

are practically sold out

Microsoft Andrin from Bondo went to St.Moritz at 8.30 am for the lecture Electric car reserved for the return journey at 1800 supermarket St. Moritz Milk and sheep cheese will soon expire With daily delivery, groceries are taken to the HUB shortly before their use-by date bike delivery service

HUB Milk and sheep cheese are loaded into the car booked by Andrin at the HUB Fadri

and

Bigna

from

St.Moritz want to attend the art auction at 1900 in Nossa

Andrin takes the two

Donna C.

with him

shared electric car culture- & event centre Caselmur Fadri and Bigna watch the auction they take the autonomous shuttle back to St.Moritz Heimatwerk Bondo

Milk and sheep cheese are back in the range

Andrin did not have any additional work and an additional

and do not have to be disposed of

food transport could be saved CO2 & waste reduction

In order to better bring this infrastructure into contact with the users, a digital network is required. Using an app, users, cultural institutions, companies, administrations and other institutions can participate in this network. All information from a local network converges in the associated mobility HUB and is transmitted to all other mobility HUBs. This includes information such as free co-working places, upcoming events or seminars, available car or bike-sharing offers, the next train connections, the excess or lack of resources and the current energy requirement. With the app, this information can be called up from anywhere at any time. It ensures the uncomplicated transfer of information which, coupled with a shared digital presence and the recognizable mobility HUBs, promotes cooperation between the different villages and cities. The result is an urban conglomerate despite spatial distances. It can be compared with the central network of lower distances in an urban metropolis. The following example shows how a user can influence the network by simply booking an e-car without having to significantly increase the effort. Instead of using his own car, he uses car sharing over the digital network to help prevent temporary supply bottlenecks. This saves logistical effort and reduces the waste of resources. In addition, taking other passengers along saves one trip and promotes the exchange between different people within the valley. The density of information and links is in no way inferior to the network of a metropolis.

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Heimatwerk Bondo

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Zoom St. Moritz

140

Education and sport campus | Upper Engadin

Inhabitants in St. Moritz (green) and Scuol (blue)

Overnight stays in St. Moritz

50 m

The existing infrastructure is good in most places. The interpretation of offers is often aimed at seasonal tourism. Highly frequented peaks arise in the summer and winter months. In the intervening periods a large part of the accommodation is empty and the capacity of the infrastructure is far from being exhausted. In order to give the region greater economic stability, these peaks must be balanced out and the capacities used sustainably. The current situation in the corona pandemic shows that we are less tied to one location and, with the appropriate infrastructure, can do our work from anywhere in the world. The most important stimulus for a decision to work in the mountains should undoubtedly be the proximity to nature. Nevertheless, incentives must also be created through an appropriate network and an excellent infrastructure. A development towards labour tourism acts as a catalyst for the region. Young people should see a perspective for their future within the mountain region and not migrate to the big cities. The educational offer is being massively expanded at the main locations in St.Moritz and Scuol and also offers outsiders the incentive to strive for a life in the valley. The newly gained density creates a new form of urbanity in the midst of relaxing nature, which brings many qualities with it that are not possible in urban metropolises. In order to do justice to the very specific locations, it is first necessary to work out the respective potentials and to strengthen them appropriately. Sustainability means durability. This provides an opportunity not to incorporate large new structures in the small villages, but to convert what already exists.

Sgraffito | sloping reveal | standing seam roof

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Built network - HUB

141

Wooden structure | open floor plan

Expandable | flexible | two-storey

Zoom Scuol

142

Education and innovation campus | Lower Engadin

Big structure in village context

50 m

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Zoom Ardez

143

Heimatwerk Ardez | Lower Engadin

Transformed “Engadiner Haus“

Floor plan 1st floor

25 m

10 m

Zoom Soglio

12.360 3

4 10

annual overnight stays in 5 hotels

cable car short therm appartments co-working spaces

new retailers beside the 6 existing

more houses inhabited long term

CO2 42.4

144 Village concept overview

Village square and community centre Soglio

cable car reduction by car parking in the valley

lower Soglio’s avarage age to Switzerland’s average 0

50 m

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

Concept sketch Soglio

145

Soglio’s local network connection to the regional network

Zoom Soglio

146

Community centre Soglio | Bergell

Cross section village square

25 m

10 m

to strengthen the connection to the regional intersection and to avoid inefficient individual mobility. The community centre gives locals and strangers the opportunity to participate in the digitally networked, global working world. A new village square will be created. Used by a cafe with an adjoining shop it will help to market local products. With the new local infrastructure, the smoke houses will also be connected, thereby strengthening the local economy and the connection to nature. An innovation and research centre with student apartments is being built in Scuol. As the regional capital, Scuol takes on important functions for the region and enables young people to study or continue their education. In addition there is the opportunity to research on alpine problems such as climate issues or modern alpine agriculture. The quality of the transition from urban to rural becomes visible on the campus. It is perfectly embedded in the urban structure and enables a view of nature. By strengthening the regional network and its individual villages, the transformation to work tourism, the creation of new educational opportunities, cultural institutions and the preservation of identity, a new perspective is created for young and old, local and foreign. The valley is becoming an experimental pioneer of European urbanity in rural areas, in which various local communities find their place and create a sustainable society. « We should address all people who have their hearts here, not just those who live in the Engadin. » - Jon Erni

BERGELL AND ENGADIN

The question about the future development of the valley is being asked more often. With our proposal for the “new alpinism” we are paving the way for the valley to develop a rural urbanism. Tourism remains one of the strongest economic sectors, but is developed into a labour tourism alongside winter and summer tourism. New incentives are given by the individual community centres with co-working workplaces and temporary apartments. While in the small villages existing buildings are being converted, large campuses are being built in St. Moritz and Scuol. «Not only the labour tourists would benefit from a good digital infrastructure, but also the Native. » - Roger Boltshauser The differentiation between the regional and local layers is important for the development of an urban network. It ensures that the region can appear closed and each location retains its identity and authenticity. If we consider the regional layer, physical and immaterial barriers are to be overcome by a well-developed infrastructure, especially in the digital area. The newly established mobility HUBs will improve the existing infrastructure and expand it with regard to sustainable mobility. By their modularity, the HUBs adapt to the respective situation and are still recognizable as a regional structure. All information of a micro-autonomy converges at the mobility HUB and is forwarded to the regional network and each individual user. This strengthens regional cooperation and facilitates supra regional integration. The micro-autonomies are to be strengthened through various interventions. In the example of Soglio we are proposing a new local infrastructure

147

FROM EGO TO ECO

New Lifestyle after Covid-19

Angela Gaini

148

GSEducationalVersion

MARONE

205 m

200 M

Marone city center

Floating piers from above

Floating piers

Ex factory

Valeriana way

Olive cultivation

Quarry

FROM EGO TO ECO

Iseo lake

149

150

Which is the future of the lake after the floating pears by Christo? This is the opening question that guided the project located in Iseo lake, in the Italian Prealps. The Floating Piers was a temporary, site-specific work of art by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, installed in 2016 at Lake Iseo. The installation created a walk-able surface between Sulzano, Monte Isola, and the island of San Paolo. On June 18th 2016, the walkway opened to the public. 270,000 people visited the free installation in its first five days. On June 22nd, the large crowds caused some chaos at the main train station in nearby Brescia. On July 3rd 2016, the work closed to the public; local officials estimated that it had attracted 1.2 million visitors, or an average of 72,000 per day, over its 16-day run.

Iseo lake is located in the Lombardy region and it belongs to the chain of large sub-alpine lakes together with Lake Garda, Lake Maggiore, Lake Como. The morphogenesis of these lakes is linked to a primitive river excavation, the second morphogenetic event of the glacial type. This lakes have a considerable extension and depth. The pre-Alpine lakes are part of the Landscapes of Insubric lakes. This landscape is one of the most peculiar of the pre-Alpine belt. It recalls the geological history of the formation of the Alps, the climatic events, and also the morphologies and forms of settlement of the historical period. These reservoirs are the result of ancient fractures and Pleistocene glacial modeling. All are enclosed by the pre-alpine ridges.

Concept Scheme

!! Links: JPG only! no PDF, no Ai!!

Project cover

the organization of spaces (the type of crops, settlement, traditional activities such as fishing, interrelationships by water ...) and historical evidence, perception and the use of the landscape as a setting for accommodation and tourism. Iseo lake is classified as an Eutrophic lake of Class V (worst class) for the total phosphorus parameter and it is considered as a mesotrophic lake of class II for chlorophyll and medium transparency (a condition of sufficient ecological status). The quality of the water with the purpose of bathing is high (except for the municipality of Peschiera and Pisogne). The investigations carried out on fish and fauna of the lake reveal levels below the limits set for all pollutants; however, there is a high level of alien species. In the biological and chemical state of the water, the values are only sufficient. Climate change is causing overheating of the water that obstacle water change; the last water change cycle happened in 2005. Another problem that causes water pollution is the inadequate sewer network. Moreover, the lake water has a problem of anoxia in which the oxygen absence causes biological death below hundred meters from the water surface.

FROM EGO TO ECO

Located at an altitude of 180 m in the Prealps, at the bottom of the Val Camonica, the basin of Iseo Lake is divided between the provinces of Brescia and Bergamo. The Oglio river is the main tributary and emissary of the Iseo lake. The Iseo lake surface is 60 km² long, its maximum depth is 251 meters (it is the fifth lake for depth in Italy) and the coastal length of the lake is 63.5 km. The basin of the Iseo lake is mainly mountainous with a maximum height of 1429 m asl. It hosts the largest natural lake island in Italy as well as the highest lake island in Europe: Montisola. With an extension of 4 km² and an altitude of 599 m a.s.l. the island is accompanied to the north and south by the islands of Loreto and San Paolo. Since 2018 the northern portion of the lake is part of the UNESCO biosphere reserve. Marone is a town of 3120 inhabitants in the province of Brescia. It is located about 200 m a.s.l. on the right shore of Lake Iseo. Its territory is mainly hilly. The main activities are the processing of wool, the production of felts, and the extraction of dolomite rocks. In recent times olive agriculture has spread a lot for the production of the typical Lombard olive oil. Marone municipality also adheres to the international association of “Cities of oil”. The presence of the lake strongly conditions the climate and the vegetation of the places represented by a spontaneous or imported flora from holm oaks, to olive trees, to cypresses. The presence of lake water is responsible for numerous other elements of singularity regarding

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Territorial scale

masterplan scaled down. adjust scale! (see below)

!! Links: JPG only! no PDF, no Ai!!

152

Analysis

Perspective / Collage

SWOT map, territorial strategy

2500 m

Diagrams, Schemes etc. own Layout

!! Links: JPG only! no PDF, no Ai!!

Diagrams, Schemes etc. own Layout

Actions

Objectives

FROM EGO TO ECO

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Model

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Current scenario and strategy

Industrial one, represented by the abandoned quarry, an industrial district that works on the materials extracted in the new quarry on the higher part of the hill, and an abandoned net factory; the natural identity, represented by two rivers, the forests, and the lake, and the cultural identity that is represented by the typical olive cultivations and the olive mill. The two models show the transformation actions from the current scenario to the strategy. The strategic actions consist in “plan new solution for the lake resilience” (phitodepuration and accessible nature), “reuse the abandoned buildings and spaces without functions” and “interconnect the attractions with soft mobility paths”. The new functions are located in the old quarry in which the project proposes to create a natural park with a research hub and a landmark lookout tower for tourists and in the abandoned factory on the lakeshore that will host new public functions. The two rivers are used as backbones to connect the lake and mountains and a new path is connecting the quarry park to the Valeriana way, while an elevated promenade is located in the lake parallel to the shore. For the hard infrastructures, the strategy proposes to improve the railway line system and create a limited traffic zone in the main road that crosses the city centre in order to create space for a green corridor and the missing bike lane connection. To deal with the pollution the strategy wants to improve the green network and introduce phitodeputation plants. In conclusion, the project tries to define strategies taking into account the existing resources to develop a creative and adaptive vision to deal with the problems and challenges.

FROM EGO TO ECO

The mountains around the lake are rich in heritage with potential and opportunity that is fragmented and disconnected. The idea is to address a strategy that improves the soft connections between the main touristic spots of Iseo lake in order to trigger low impact tourism and enhance awareness about nature. The intention is to recover, enhance and equip the network of paths and routes present in the territory. The focus area, in particular, presents historical architectures and public spaces with potential that needs to be enhanced and an old quarry that nowadays has a negative impact on the environment. The ultimate goal is therefore to contribute to the construction of a human ecological system in dynamic equilibrium, that tries to relaunch a return to the mountains. The SWOT map shows the most important analysis results on a territorial scale that helped to define the focus area. The most interesting outcomes are related to the mobility system, the water pollution, and the consistent but fragmented heritage around the lake. Following the three thematics: Reserves of resilience, Habitat vision, and Territorial creativity; some actions and objectives related to the lake, lifestyle, and mountains were defined. The focus area is located in the municipality of Marone on the right shore of the lake. The current situation map highlights the presence of a bike lane along the shore that is interrupted in the city centre, the presence of the Valeriana way that is a pedestrian path connecting the lake with the Prealps on a trail of almost 140 km, and the presence of the railway line that serves only the right bank of the lake. The identities of the place are: the

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Current scenario

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FROM EGO TO ECO

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Strategy

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Design

FROM EGO TO ECO

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UNITED TOWNS OF SARNTAL Gabriel Cameron, Nicolas Witt

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SARNTHEIN

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Sarntheim

Sarntal

Astfeld

Sarntal trails

Canyon of Johanneskofel

Stoanerne Mandln

Durnholzer lake

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Sarntal

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The characteristics of the Sarntal has always been its laid-back traditional lifestyle and focusing more on regional origin and traditions rather than the modern urban ways of life. In order to keep these characteristics up and countering an evergrowing emigration-trend from rural areas, the valley needs to adapt. It needs to support its residents, in order for them to survive economically. Creating a modern infrastructure and providing necessary facilities, while staying in line with traditions and holding on to the many benefits is vital for this process. The towns need to be strengthened in their position as local hubs. Every town in the valley needs to provide certain necessities for its residents and the surrounding farms. In general, the necessities for the towns can be divided up into six different zones. The town centre,

which includes an ATM, a grocery shop, a restaurant and a primary school, as well as an E-Bike charging station - following a redevelopment of the valley‘s infrastructure, which will be further explained in the corresponding chapter. A recreational area with appropriate facilities and an industrial/infrastructural area will also be added to every town. The industrial and infrastructural area are designed to overlap, as the added train stations provide space for industrial facilities. The hydroelectric power plants will be equipped with E-Car charging stations for the self-driving taxi system developed for the Sarntal. The area surrounding the aforementioned zones will be used as farmland and vineyards - which can be grown at these heights due to the impact of climate change.

Concept Scheme

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View of Sarnthein and the surrounding vineyards

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Overview

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Towns of the Sarntal

Infrastructure and Tourism

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In order to support the residents and farmers in the Sarntal and equip them adequately for future challenges, the infrastructure system needs to undergo a complete overhaul. Due to its unique geography, which cuts it off from the outside, the valley can construct its own sustainable and eco-friendly infrastructure system without interfering with that of the surrounding cities. There are four levels to the transport infrastructure. The first one is the connection of the Sarntal to the city of Bozen, which is of huge economic relevance for the valley. This connection can be considered as the life line, as almost all goods and workers are transported along via the state road through the canyon. The new state road which was only finished in 2016, to replace the old and more dangerous road, will be used for a train route connecting the Bozen with the Sarntal. The route will also connect to all other towns within the valley and is used for the transport of goods, as well as tourists and residents. In order to assure eco-friendly transport on a local level, the hubs and the surrounding areas are equipped with charging stations for E-Bikes for shorter travel distances and for E-Car taxis, which are used for longer distances or to transport luggage and goods. These E-Car taxis can be charged at the hydroelectric power plants and are called via an app when needed. The E-Bikes on the other hand can be picked up from any town centre, train station or on-farm accommodation. In order to connect the towns to the hiking trails and provide the opportunity for tourists to skip the exhausting climb, several cable cars are added to

the valley to cover the entirety of the Sarntal Alps. The touristic infrastructure on the other hand needs less of an overhaul. As the tourism industry in the Sarntal has already adapted very well to the growing trend of slow tourism. This trend will still be pursued, which is why there are only a handful of facilities that need to be added. As the popularity of authenticity and regionality will be growing even further over the next decades, so will the popularity of on-farm tourism. This gives local farmers the opportunity to provide such accommodations and strengthen the connection between agriculture and tourism. A water rafting route along the Talferbach as well as an extensive development of the panoramic route over the Penser Joch in the north, will add activities to the Sarntal to attract more tourists. As the agriculture in the area shifts towards more economically attractive vineyards, a wine centre in the heart of Sarnthein, will attract tourists. It will offer extensive wine tastings and tours of the different facilities connected to the making of the wine.

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Improved sustainable trasnport infrastructure

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Improved electricity infrastructure & context

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Addition to activities in the area

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Infrastructure and Tourism

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Areas covered by cable cars

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Different zones and essential uses surrounding the towns Cable car|Enhanced farms Train track|Missing public uses Street use|Missing businesses Ski track|Vineyards

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Sarnthein

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Cable car|Enhanced farms Train track|Missing public uses Street use|Missing businesses Ski track|Vineyards

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Bundschen

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Cable car|Enhanced farms Train track|Missing public uses Street use|Missing businesses Ski track|Vineyards

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Weissenbach

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Economy

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The main focus of this project lies on the upgrade of the economic activities within the Sarntal. The area was formerly known to be relatively poor compared to other South Tyrolean areas, as it heavily relied on non-industrial cattle farming. Small local businesses also had massive problems in keeping up with the competition from the surrounding industrialised cities. The eminent damages caused by climate change can be seen as a massive economic opportunity for the Sarntal. Vineyards can be established throughout most of the valley in heights of up to 1.200 meters. They are economically more attractive than the traditional cattle farming. The farmers will be able to make a living solely from the wine and not need to take any additional jobs. In order to support all local farmers and other small businesses, they need to be provided with a certain well-structured infrastructure. For this, a systematic production chain needs to be established which makes it possible for local businesses in the valley to work together, without being reliant on larger companies from nearby cities such as Bozen. The product produced in the periphery and the smaller towns, is transported to the nearest train station, which is located near one of the eight towns. There the product can be further processed and prepared for the journey ahead. The train takes it to the industrial area next to Sarnthein, where the final processing takes place. The final products can either be exported to Bozen by train or sold locally within the Sarntal. There are two major building interventions, which the focus lies on. As the train stations play a vital role in bringing the Sarntal closer together, the

design is complex. The building needs to host a variety of different uses while still assuring that it fits in with the landscape and the traditions of the Sarntal. The design of the train station has been divided into two parts, both of which are constructed from local materials such as wood and stone. The main building is to be placed at every train station. It includes the passenger terminal, a co-working space, facilities like toilets and can also be used as market hall. The market space will be necessary, because of the second part that makes up the building. These are the industrial modules. The quantity and use of the modules can be easily varied depending on what is currently needed at the train station. Possible uses can include a slaughterhouse, storage, a winepress hall or a saw mill. Employees working in the industrial modules share the facilities provided in the main building with employees from the other modules. A small hallway separates the loud industrial modules from the quiet main building, in order to prevent any conflicts. The second building which is of importance to the Sarntal is the wine centre. Its appealing and inviting design is made to attract tourists to the valley. The building sits in the centre of Sarnthein and gives tourists an overview over the different wines and their processes. The wine can be tasted and bought from the location. Tours taking them around the valley, explaining the wine-making process also start here. The entire export of wine can be seen as a way to promote the Sarntal.

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Protagonists | Economy

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Improved land use

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Economy

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Products manufactured in production chain Train station Construction with local materials

Terminal/Market hall Co-Working space Industrial module for Processing Industrial walkway

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Parts of a train station within the Sarntal

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Exemplary use of the industrial train station modules

Simple construction of industrial modules

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Wine centre in Sarntal

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171 Wine centre in the heart of Sarnthein

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Wine as a mean of promotion for the Sarntal

THE SOčA VALLEY Ajda Lukman

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BOVEC

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Soča river 2

Tolmin

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Canyoning Slovenia

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Soča river

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The Soča Valley is one of the most beautiful alpine valleys in the world. It is a valley of water and mountains. It is refreshed all year round by the air of the Alps and the breath of the Mediterranean. The Soča Valley is a source of pleasure for all who want movement and outdoor adventures. Today, the So ča Valley is the leading destination of Slovenian tourism and one of the most desired for many international and domestic tourists in Slovenia. It unites the municipalities of Bovec, Kobarid, Tolmin and Kanal ob Soci. Over the last ten years, the number of beds in the destination has doubled, the number of visitors increased by 2.5 times. 174

The Soča River is not only one of the most beautiful alpine rivers in the world, but is a unique emerald thread that connects the Julian Alps and the Adriatic Sea, the Alps and the Mediterranean. It connects the So ča Valley geographically, culturally and touristically. Its freshness and cleanliness has always aroused the respect and affection of the natives and visitors. In the Soča Valley, outdoor adventures take place on the doorstep of Triglav national park and alpine views, the cuisine smells of the Mediterranean, the culture is an exciting mix of influences, nature offers an unspoiled shelter and respite from everything on fresh air.

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The Soča valley

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Kobarid - history

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Tolmin - festivals

The towns of Bovec, Kobarid and Tolmin are interconnected by the So ča River, which is one of the main sources of outdoor tourism in the Soča Valley. The problems faced by all three cities are tourism only in the summer months, high average age of the population, emigration of local young people, climate change and pressures on nature and environment. Therefore, the main idea of my project is to connect all three cities in a way that each works separately for its own story but remains connected as representatives of the sports adventure valley. Through the analysis of the existing cavities of individual cities, I came to the conclusion that Bovec becomes a city from generation

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to generation, as it is the only city without a home for the elderly, and at the same time a very rich city in terms of tradition and history. So the idea of the town of Bovec is to connect locals with tourists and thus enable year-round tourism for all generations. Kobarid is a city of museums, a museum of history and a museum of cheese-making, so the idea of this city is history and tradition. Tolmin is a city of festivals, which attracts more than 10,000 fans of music festivals during the summer months, so the idea of this city is culture. All city centers would be closed for traffic, and you can travel through the valley by bus or rent a bike.

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Bovec

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THE SOčA VALLEY

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Empty spaces

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Bovec

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Axonometry

Bovec is a city I keep coming back to, mainly because of the sports activities it offers. But still, I want the city to offer something more. Genuine contact with the locals, getting to know their culture, traditions and crafts, tasting local food and a place to relax from the city and the crowds. Based on my own experience and analysis, I came to the conclusion that the main idea of the Bovec project from generation to generation will unite locals and tourists. I found 6 points in the city that I call empty spaces that have the potential for new interventions. The main point that unites these 6 spaces is the main square, which will expand due to the connection with the spaces. This expansion and closure for the traffic will allow the square to become a place for locals and tourists to socialize. The other 6 spaces will complement the city’s year-round tourist offer and the possibility of employing

young people who are currently emigrating from the valley. The community centre will offer housing for young families and senior citizens, where the younger generations will be able to learn from the elderly. The workshop will be the place where you can create and revive a tradition, such as making wooden souvenirs or a cooking workshop. Exhibition space will be the place for presentation of traditional products made in the workshop and the stage will be a platform for presenting ideas, conveying oral tradition and an intimate storytelling space for theatre performances. The view will be the highest green point with a view, a space of silence and relaxation with a drinking fountain. As the main square will be closed to traffic, the city centre will be free to become a place for open concerts, seminars, competitions...

IMAGE REFERENCES PAGE 35

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settlement in Collersola // https://www.archdaily.com/287862/ collserola-park-competition-entry-nabito-architectsactar/01-aerial-view, 25.01.2020

Sokolyne // https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/ photo-o/05/40/69/f6/caption.jpg

Castellciuró // https://www.parcnaturalcollserola.cat/contenido/ uploads/2017/11/DSC07248_castellciuro.jpg, 28.01.2021 Historical view at El Papiol // https://cloud10.todocoleccion. online/postales-cataluna/tc/2015/11/02/23/52491215.webp, 28.01.2021 Aqueduct Ciutat Meridiana 1 // https://media-edg.barcelona.cat/ wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Aqüeducte-Ciutat-Meridiana1-760x428.jpg, 28.01.2021 Torre de Collserola // https://www.fosterandpartners. com/media/2634216/hero_0454_fp205279. jpg?width=3840&quality=85, 28.01.202 Ermita De Sant Medir // https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/ photo-s/10/05/df/76/ermita-de-sant-medir.jpg, 28.01.2021 Castle of El Papiol // https://www.parcnaturalcollserola.cat/ contenido/uploads/2017/11/DG012064_papiol.jpg, 28.01.2021

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Aqueduct Ciutat Meridiana 2 // https://1.bp.blogspot.com/QRKXEp0E9UM/ULI9xpp8fvI/AAAAAAAABoI/nL3vyoNHljM/ s400/Aqueducte+de+Ciutat+Meridiana.jpg, 28.01.2021

PAGE 51 Forest Dieback // Emma Römer Wernigerode // Emma Römer Clausthal // Emma Römer Hiking path // Vanessa Schwarzkopf Braunlage // Vanessa Schwarzkopf Rabenklippe // https://www.forsthaus-braunlage.de Elbingerode // Vanessa Schwarzkopf Quarry Elbingerode // Vanessa Schwarzkopf

PAGE 67 boarder // www.augsburger-allgemeine.de landscape at the boarder // www.landschaften-in-deutschland.de Thuringia // www.hdsports.at/wandern/die-hoechsten-berge-inthueringen Eichsfeld 2 // www.fotograf-eichsfeld.de/portfolio/ drohnenfotografie/ boarder museum Eichsfeld // Rebekka Wandt boarder track // www.landschaften-in-deutschland.de Eichsfeld // www.gasthof-firlefanz.de/eichsfeld/ Eichsfeld 3 // www.fotograf-eichsfeld.de/portfolio/ drohnenfotografie/

Rural place of culture // http://www.krassever.ru/statics/images/ arcticles/032019/06032019x3c8aca77.jpg Overall portrait // https://yandex.com/maps? Bus stop 1 // https://yandex.com/maps? Aromat // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/5/54/Golubinka_8.JPG/2816px-Mapcarta.jpg New park in Golubinka // https://rk.gov.ru/uploads/ bahch/attachments/photo-reports/d4/1d/8c/ d98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e/5fe5f0a5cb5170.59030100_ IMG_6575.JPG?1.9.0 Memorial // https://yandex.com/maps? Bus stop 2 // https://yandex.com/maps?

PAGE 101 Khunde // https://www.welcomenepal.com/uploads/destination/ khunde-sbc-adventure.jpeg Sagarmatha // https://www.welcomenepal.com/places-to-see/ sagarmatha-national-park.html Khumbila // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ a7/Khumbila_2.JPG Nepal impression 1 // https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/ image/transf/dimension=535x1024:format=jpg/path/ s6105cdf0ddcce398/image/ibd770041e6086186/ version/1517748188/image.jpg Sherpa culture // https://nextescape.com.au/wp-content/ uploads/2020/01/17969028992_f26fd16ae3_b_Khunde-andKhumjung-1024x425.jpg Ama Dablam and Khumjung // https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/3/33/Ama_Dablam_and_Khumjung.JPG Namche Bazaar // https://www.welcomenepal.com/uploads/ destination/namche.jpeg Khumjung // https://www.snowmanstudios.de/typo3temp/ yag/08/24/2013-04-30_07-20-31_82495_5c2b534b4c.jpg

PAGE 119 Leukerbad in autumn // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ Leukerbad at night // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ alpine ladder // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ Thermal springs // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ Leukerbad in winter // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ Leukerbad in summer // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/ Leukerbad nature // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/

Thermal springs 2 // http://medien.leukerbad.ch/

PAGE 135 Soglio // Ricco Frank Nossa Donna Caselmur // Hans von Witzendorff Bergell // Ricco Frank Unterengadin Scuol // Wikipedia Typical building structure of Engadin // Ricco Frank Julier theater // Hans von Witzendorf

Soča river 2 // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/8/83/Soca_4.jpg/500px-Soca_4.jpg Tolmin // Leonardo Olmi Tolmin 2 // Matevz Lenarcic Kobarid // Jost Gantar Bovec center // David Štulc Zornik Kanin ski resort // Matic Klanšek Velej Canyoning Slovenia // Žiga Kalan

Unterengadin Ardez // scuol-zernez.engadin.com PAGE 151 Iseo lake // google maps screenshot Floating piers from above // Visit Montisola Ex factory // Artbonus.Gov.it

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Oberengadin Silverplana // Hans von Witzendorf

Olive cultivation // Marone proloco Marone city center // lagoiseo.it Floating piers // europhoto.photoshelter.com Valeriana way // trenodeisapori.area3v Quarry // google maps screenshot PAGE 163 Sarntal // upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Sarntal. jpg Sarntal // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/ Sarntal.JPG Sarntal trails // https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:PensSarntalLoipen.jpg Stoanerne Mandln // https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki File:Stoanerne_Mandln_-_South_Tyrol_01.jpg Sarntheim // commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarntheim_Talfer. jpg Astfeld // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/ Astfeld-047.JPG Canyon of Johanneskofel // https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Sarner_Schlucht_vom_ Johanneskofel.jpg Durnholzer lake // https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/c/c2/Sarntal_Durnholzer_See.jpg PAGE 175 Soča river // David Štulc Zornik

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PARTICIPANTS

TEACHING Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Jörg Schröder Dipl.-Ing. Alissa Diesch Dr. Arch. Federica Scaffidi

Gabriel Cameron Ricco Frank, Ricco Angela Gaini Michel Grändorf Anna Kozachkova Nadine Kristandt Ajda Lukman Emma Römer Pia Schulenberg Vanessa Schwarzkopf, Karina Tews Hans von Witzendorff Rebekka Wandt Nicolas Witt

PARTICIPANTS

STUDENTS

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IMPRINT

MOUNTAINS Edited by Jörg Schröder and Alissa Diesch Based on study projects at the Faculty of Architecture and Landscape Leibniz Universität Hannover 186 ISBN 978-3-946296-37-9 Published by: Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung Leibniz Universität Hannover Herrenhäuserstraße 8, D-30419 Hannover www.staedtebau.uni-hannover.de Design and Layout: Alissa Diesch, Michel Grändorf Cover by Michel Grändorf ©2021 Regionales Bauen und Siedlungsplanung LUH Text by kind permission of the authors, Pictures by the kind permission of the photographers/ holders of the picture rights. All rights reserved