Brief History of tecnology and computation in Chile v2 2023 (v1 Octubre 2019) Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Ricardo Vega M. rvegamora@gmail.com @ricardov_cl www.ricardov.vl
Diagram: Cybersyn project
Technology has geography, history, culture
Technology is not just about building smart, better or innovative things.
Technology as social, cultural and geographical roots and implicances.
It is necessary to consider this issues in order to understand the impact of technology in people and society.
Computer ER-56, Engineering School Universidad de Chile.
First digital computers in Chile (1961 and 1962)
-Customs house, Valparaíso (December 1961) for administrative processing.
-School of Engineering, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of Chile (1962)
First scientifically oriented computer. Standard Elektrik Lorenz ER-56 (German)
INTEC (1968)
Industrial Design Group at INTEC
Technological Research Institute of Chile INTEC dependent on CORFO.(Production Promotion Corporation)
Cabinet design for an electronic calculator, 1971.
Image: Fernando Portal Redesign (2018 aprox.)
INTEC (1968)
https://artishockrevista.com/2018/06/06/fernando-portal-bienes-publicos/
Antu Television (1970)
Electronic Industry in Chile
usdii!iekrell
Computer departments of the Universities of Chile and Santiago
Patricio Poblete (academic) and José Miguel Piquer (assistant)
“If this email reaches you, let's open a bottle of champagne”.
Computation in Chile: four paradigmatic cases
–Protobio
–Cyberstride
–Thor –VirDet
Protobio:
Humberto Maturana, Francisco
Varela, Ricardo Uribe
Protobio:
Based on formal description of Autopoiesis, concept or metabolic self organization in living systems.
Systemic concept
Definition of life
Protobio:
May be the first artificial life simulation in the world.
Protobio:
Cybernetic Forum (1981)
http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~alife/bmcm9701/node7.html
http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~alife/bmcm9701/node18.html#listings
Autopoiesis:The OriginalAlgorithm
Computational
Barry McMullin, Dublin City University
Codigo Fortran:
Protobio:
Cybersyn. Chile, 1970, 1973. Control and administration of the Chilean economy. Cybersyn De Rama, CC BY-SA 3.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=113799117
Cybersyn
Control and administration of the Chilean economy. Background of Big Data and Data
Cybersyn
Cybersyn. Chile, 1970, 1973.
Science. Viable System Model, by Stafford Beer.
Parts of the Project:
Proyecto Checo
Cybernet
Sala de Operaciones
Cyberstride
Cyberfolk
Cybersyn
Stafford Beer
Extensive use of diagrams, for the process and contextualization of the project.
Cybersyn
Cybersyn
Cybersyn.
Background of Big Data and Data Science
First project in human history of a society whose management is based on data
Cybersyn
Cybernetics Revolutionaries
Eden Medina.
Thor
TOR, chilean computer (70)
Hellmuth Stuven, Dinamarca.
Vir-Det
Vir-Det: The World's First Antivirus (1987) Universal Antivirus. Miguel Giacman.
-Vir-Det: attacked the world's first virus (Jerusalem virus). 7 more viruses appeared, Giacaman invented 7 antiviruses.
Oyster antivirus Universal
- Based on the immune system (1994), bought by IBM, called it the best antivirus in the world...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVpOISXz0Es
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFJ32sR10go
Some key points:
–Almost all are based on biological concepts (Protobio, Cybersyn, VirDet
–Emerging from not central geographical and cultural context
–Proposing novel technology but also societal views
–First in their kind, opening new frontiers
REFERENCES
http://www.icarito.cl/
Revista Bits de Ciencias (Universidad de Chile) https://www.dcc.uchile.cl/bits-de-ciencia
Juan Álvarez (Profesor DCC, Universidad de Chile)
La historia del primer computador que llego a Chile. Artículo
http://diario.latercera.com/2010/09/17/01/contenido/tendencias/16-38909-9-la-historia-delprimercomputador-que-llego-a-chile.shtml DCC conmemoró 50 años de la instalación del computador ER-56.
https://www.dcc.uchile.cl/node/1344 Historia de la computación en Chile.
Sebastian Ojeda, Maximiliano Fuenzalida, Andares Padilla.
https://es.slideshare.net/andresipadilla/historia-de-la-computacion-12872937
“Diseno industrial Estatal en Chile 1968-1973”, Hugo Pamarola.
http://www.guibonsiepe.com/pdffiles/timeline_design_chile.pdf
Juan Álvarez Rubio especial para G80 El Golpe en la Computación / Informática chilena
https://www.g80.cl/noticias/columna_completa.php?varid=18359
DCC conmemoró 50 años de la instalación del computador ER-56
https://www.dcc.uchile.cl/node/1344
Cybersyn, Sinergia Cibernética.
http://www.cybersyn.cl/