Bcon II Project 1

TABLE OF 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DESIGN STRATEGY IDEA DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSED JOINT MATERIALS OVERALL PROGRESS

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FORCE DIAGRAM TESTING CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION EXPERIENCING AND UNDERSTANDING SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION IS IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING SUPPORT. OUR TASK IS TO CON-

STRUCT A SHELTER FOR ONE IN A SITTING POSITION (0.75M X 0.75M X 1.50M) TO DEMONSTRATE THE UNDERSTANDING OF SKELETAL FRAMES AND ITS JOINTS, THE SHELTER NEEDS TO BE ELEVATED 5 INCHES ABOVE GROUND SO THAT THE FOUNDATION OF THE STRUCTURE WOULD RELY ON THE COLUMNS. THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS AND JOINTS USED ENSURE THE STABILITY, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE SO THAT IT IS STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT BOTH DEAD AND LIVE LOADS.

DESIGN STRATEGY IN CONSIDERATION OF USING RECYCLE MATERIALS IN OUR SHELTER, BAMBOO IS

CHOOSEN BECAUSE OF IT’S NATURAL PROPERTIES WHICH PROVIDE STRENGTH, LIGHTNESS AND AESTHETICS. IN TERMS OF CONNECTION, NYLON ROPE IS USED INSTEAD OF NAIL AND BOLTS AS OUR STRUCTURE’S JOINT. TO SECURE THE JOINT, WE HAVE CUT OUT NOTCHES ON THE INTERLOCKING SECTION TO PREVENT SLIDING WHICH WOULD LIKELY AFFECT THE OVERALL RIGIDITY AND STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE.

2

IDEA DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

INTERLOCKING PLASTIC BOTTLES

DESIGN 1 SIMPLE STRUCTURE

WITH BASE, COLUMNS AND ROOF IS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE THE SUPPORT, STABILITY AND PRACTICALITY OF THE COMPONENTS. HOWEVER, HE SLANTED SUPPORTING STRUCTURE IS SET TO LOW THAT IT IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO STABILIZE THE OVERALL BAMBOO STRUCTURE. RECYCLED PLASTIC BOTTLE INTERLOCKING IDEA WAS DROPPED AS IT GO WELL WITH OUR OVERALL BAMBOO DESIGN.

DESIGN 2 DIAGONAL BRACING WAS ENLARGED AND MOD-

IFIED INTO A PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME DESIGN WITH A BASE RUNNING THROUGH THE BOTTOM WITH A ‘V’ SHAPE BEAM. THE ROOF IS MADE WITH PALM LEAF TO COMPLIMENT WITH ALL THE NATURAL MATERIAL DESIGN.

DESIGN 3 THE ONE POINT

SUPPORTING ROOF WAS CHANGED TO TWO POINT SUPPORTING ROOF STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE MORE STRENGTH CONSIDERING THE SAFETY OF THE PERSONAL RESTING UNDERNEATH IT. THE BASE IS ENHANCED TO A FUNCTIONAL SITTING PLATFORM WITH A ROW OF TIGHTLY ARRANGED BAMBOO BRUNCHES. A CANVAS ROOF WAS USED DUE TO ITS WATERPROOFING PROPERTY AS WELL AS ADDING A MODERN CONTEMPORARY VIBE TO THE TROPICAL BAMBOO DESIGN.

3

IDEA DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN 4 THE BASE IS ROSE 20CM FROM THE GROUND AS REQUIRED BY THE PROJECT DIAGONAL NOTCH JOINTS

BRIEF AND THE NUMBER OF BAMBOO BRANCHES IS REDUCED TO DECREASE DEAD LOAD SO THAT HIGHER LIVE LOAD CAN BE COMPREHENDED. THE ROOF IS CHANGED INTO ROPE SUSPENDED STRUCTURE TO ALLOW IT TO BE RETRACTABLE, MAKING IT MORE USER FRIENDLY WHEN ENTERING THE SHELTER BY PROVIDING MORE HEAD ROOM. A HANDLE IS ADDED TO ALLOW EASY RELEASE OF RETRACTED ROOF. THE LOOSE AND SHAKY STRUCTURE IS STRENGTHEN WITH A PRESTRESSED TENSILE SCISSORS BRACE. A BAMBOO STICK IS STICKED INTO A ‘X’ LOPE AND TWISTED UNTIL TENSION IS CREATED TO HOLD ALL MAIN SKELETAL STRUCTURE TOGETHER AND LOCKED INTO POSITION.

SCISSORS BRACE

4

PROPOSED JOINT

PLUG IN CONNECTION WITH BAMBOO SLIT WEDGES

FRICTION-TIGHT ROPE CONNECTION

TAL BAMBOO WEDGES TO STABILIZE AND SECURE THE POSITIONING OF THE DIAGONAL COLUMN BEFORE LASHING THEM ON THE VERTICAL COLUMN. THE SLIT WEDGES ARE SLOTTED TO HOLD THE DIAGONAL COLUMN IN PLACE.

SKELETAL STRUCTURE TO ENSURE THE RIGIDNESS OF THE SKELETAL FRAME. THIS TYPE OF CONNECTION IS STRONG WITH SUFFICIENT LASHING TECHNIQUES, BESIDES THE CHANCES OF BAMBOO CRACKING IS LOWERED AS COMPARED TO USING NUTS AND BOLTS.

THIS CONNECTION METHOD IS PRACTICED ON THE HORIZON-

FRICTION-TIGHT ROPE CONNECTION IS USED IN THE ENTIRE

DIAGONAL NOTCH JOINTS

SCISSORS BRACE

COLUMN AND DIAGONAL COLUMN, SLANTED NOTCHES WERE CUT AT 60 DEGREE TO FIRMLY HOLD THE DIAGONAL COLUMN IN PLACE.

TO RESIST SIDEWAY FORCES. WITH THE SCISSORS BRACING IN PLACE, THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE IS RIGID AND ABLE TO STAND FIRMLY AND PREVENT THE STRUCTURE FROM SHIFTING AND MOVING SIDEWAYS..

THIS JOINT METHOD IS USE IN CONNECTING THE VERTICAL

THIS STRUCTURE IS ADDED ON THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE

5

PROPOSED JOINT

NOTCH JOINT

ROUND TURN & TWO HALF HITCHES

THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF NODES, MOST OF THE PART OF THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE PRACTICED THIS JOINTS EXCEPT FOR THE DIAGONAL COLUMN. THE NOTCH MEETS WITH ONE ANOTHER FORMED A SET OF FLAT NOTCH JOINTS. SQUARE JOINTS USED PREVENT THE SKELETAL FRAME FROM SLIPPING.

ING.

THE STRENGTH OF THE SKELETAL FRAME SOLELY RELY ON

USED AT THE END WHEN SECURING AND FINISHING THE LASH-

CLOVE HITCH

SHEAR LASHING

“X” AND IS USED AT THE STARTING AND ENDING OF A DIAGONAL LASHING. CLOVE HITCH ENSURE TIGHT CONNECTION AND PREVENT LASHING FOR SLIPPING FROM IT’S ORIGINAL POSSITION.

TURES ON THE BASE WHICH ALLOWED THE STRUCTURES TO SIT ON THE BASE FIRMLY.

ALSO KNOWN AS THE SCOUT KNOT. IT TOOK THE FORM OF A

THIS METHOD IS USED TO SECURE THE HORIZONTAL STRUC-

6

MATERIALS

BAMBOO

POLYETHYLENE ROPE

CANVAS BANNER

BAMBOO IS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

ROPE IS CHOSEN AS JOINTS INSTEAD OF

CANVAS

MATERIAL WHICH PROVIDE HIGH TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH. THE INTERIOR OF BAMBOO IS HOLLOW WHICH MAKES IT RELATIVELY LIGHT WHEN COMPARED TO WOOD WHICH RESULT IN HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO. IN ADDITION, IT IS VERY MUCH RESISTANT TO WEATHER AND PROVIDE AESTHETICS.

NAILS TO PREVENT THE BAMBOO FROM SPLITTING. POLYETHYLENE IS VERY STRONG AND LIGHT WEIGHTED AND HAS THE ABILITY TO FLOAT. LASTLY, POLYETHYLENE ALSO HAS A LOW MELTING POINT AND ABRASION RESISTANT WHICH HELPS WHEN SECURING THE JOINTS.

BANNER IS A MATERIAL THAT CAN BE FOUND EASILY AND COMES IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. IT IS A VERY LIGHT MATERIAL WITH RELATIVELY HIGH DURABILITY. IT IS OPAQUE WHICH PROVIDES SHADING ABILITY FROM THE SUN AND IS ALSO WATER RESISTANT WHICH GIVES IT THE ABILITY TO BECOME A SHELTER TO TAKE COVER FROM THE RAIN.

7

OVERALL PROGRESS

1B

AMBOO STICKS ARE PROCESSED AND THEN TIED TOGETHER TO FORM A 0.75M X 0.75M BASE.

2T

HE MAIN VERTICAL ELEMENTS ARE THEN CUT WITH JOINTS TO BE TIED TO THE BASE. DIAGONAL CUTS ARE ALSO MADE TO THE SECONDARY VERTICAL ELEMENTS TO JOIN WITH THE MAIN VERTICAL ELEMENTS.

3

BRACINGS ARE THEN ADDED TO PREVENT THE TALL VERTICAL ELEMENTS FROM BUCKLING.

8

OVERALL PROGRESS

4R

OOF BASE - A SQUARE BASE WITH 4 BAMBOO SIDES ARE TIED TOGETHER.

5

THE

ROOF BASE IS CONNECTED TO THE SHELTER WITH THE USE OF STRING- TO CREATE PITCH OF ROOF, AS WELL AS OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE ROOF. IT ALSO ACTS LIKE A “HOOD” FOR THE SHELTER.

9

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 1

MATERIALS ARE COLLECTED.

2

BAMBOOS ARE CUT TO REQUIRED LENGTHS.

3

NOTCHES ARE OUTLINED AND CUT ON SPECIFIC PARTS OF BAMBOO.

4

ROUGH EDGES ARE SMOOTHENED OUT WITH SAND BLOCK.

5

PLATFORM OF THE SHELTER IS CONSTRUCTED FIRST TO FORM

THE SHAPE.

10

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 6 7 8 9 10

COLUMNS ARE THEN ADDED TO THE PLATFORM TO FORM THE

PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME.

A

BRACE IS ADDED WHICH JOINS THE TWO PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME TO HOLD THE STRUCTURE TOGETHER.

ROOF STRUCTURE IS ADDED BY LOOSELY TYING IT TO THE A FORMATION BRACE.

CANVAS BANNER IS ADDED ON TO FORM THE ROOF WITH POLYETHYLENE ROPES.

POLYETHYLENE ROPES ARE FURTHER ADDED TO THE BACK OF THE

SHELTER TO FORM SCISSORS BRACE WHICH PREVENTS THE STRUCTURE FROM SWAYING.

11

FORCE DIAGRAM EDGELESS

SKELETAL STRUCTURE REDUCE LOAD PRESSURE BY WIND AS WELL AS PERPENDICULAR A FRAME EFFECTIVELY TRANSFER FORCE TO GROUND

TO

SOLVE THE SWAYING OF THE TWO ‘A’ FRAME STRUCTURES, TWO LOOPES ARE TIED ON THE TWO PERPENDICULAR COLUMNS. EACH LOOPE ARE TWISTED MANUALLY WITH A STICK TO STRENGHTEN THE TWO COLUMNS BY INDUCING A STRESS ON THE CENTER OF THE LOOPE.

SECONDARY COLUMN

PRIMARY COLUMN

ONE WAY JOIST SYSTEM ARE ABLE

TO HAVE LONGER SPANS TO HANDLE HEAVY LOADS AS WELL AS REDUCES DEAD LOAD DUE TO NUMBERS OF VOIDS. ITALSO RESIST VIBRATION ESPECIALLY THE JOINT IS MADE OF ROPE AND THE CYLINDER NATURE OF BAMBOO

SECOND HALF

FIRST HALF

THE PERPENDICULAR COLUMN ACT AS

A PRIMARY VERTICAL SUPPORT STRUCTURE THAT TRANSFERING THE HEAVIER SECOND HALF PORTION OF THE PLATEFORM WHERE THE HIP ABOVE BODY WEIGHT. WHILE THE DIAGONAL FIRST HALF ONLY TRANSFER BOTH WEIGHT OF LEGS TO THE COLUMN.

12

TESTING LOAD TESTING

THE LOAD TESTING WAS CONDUCTED WITH 80KG LIVE LOAD, WITH 33.33% MORE THAN THE

WEIGHT REQUIRED IN THE BRIEF FOR FULL 3 MINUTES, WHICH IS 50% EXTRA. THE SHELTER SHOWS NO DEFECT OR ANY DYSFUNCTION ON THE COLUMN, PLATFORM OR BASE THROUGH OUT EXPERIMENT WAS TESTED. AN EXTERNAL FORCE WAS INDUCED ON THE COLUMN TO TEST THE STRENGTH AND THE STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE, THE STRUCTURE GIVES NO SIGN OF GIVING IN TO THE PUSH.

ROOF TESTING

THE ROOF WAS THEN TESTED BY BEING OPENED AND CLOSED WHEN THE PERSON WAS SEATED IN THE SHELTER. THE EXTRA ADDED USER FRIENDLY HANDLE GIVES THE USER MORE EASE TO TRIGGER THE SUSPENDED ROOF FELL DOWN EFFORTLESSLY.

13

CONCLUSION

WITHOUT THE DEDICATION AND COMMITMENT FROM EVERY SINGLE GROUP

MEMBER, THIS ASSIGNMENT WOULDN’T BE CARRIED OUT AS PLANNED. THROUGH THIS PRACTICAL-BASED ASSIGNMENT WE GET TO LEARN ABOUT SKELETAL STRUCTURE IN A REAL LIFE SIMULATED SCENARIO THAT CAN’T BE UNDERSTOOD OR IMAGINED THROUGH A ONE-WAY LEARNING CONDITION IN THE LECTURE HALL. THROUGH THE WISE ADVICE AND GUIDANCE FROM OUR LECTURERS DURING THE INTER-SUBMISSION PRESENTATION A WEEK BEFORE, TRULY GIVE US MORE SPACE TO IMPROVE ON OUR DESIGN AND STRUCTURE. WE ALSO GET TO LEARN FROM THE EXTRA RESEARCH WE DID FROM THE INTERNET AS WELL AS THE WORKSHOP SUPERVISOR WHO NEVER FAIL TO TEACH US HIS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARPENTRY AND MACHINERY USAGE.

14

APPROPRIATE BUILDING MATERIALS: A CATALOGUE OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS: EXAMPLES

REFERENCES

OF FLOOR MATERIALS: BAMBOO FLOORS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 22, 2015, FROM HTTP:// COLLECTIONS.INFOCOLLECTIONS.ORG/UKEDU/EN/D/JSK01AE/7.4.HTML

BAMBOO JOINERY TECHNIQUES. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 19, 2015, FROM HTTP://WWW.BAMBOOIMPORT.COM/DIY/BAMBOO-JOINERY

HOW TO LASH A BAMBOO TRIPOD BY TIAT. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 25, 2015, FROM HTTPS:// WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=55THQBBYF14

LASHING. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 27, 2015, FROM HTTP://WWW.BSATROOP780.ORG/SKILLS/ LASHING.HTML

POSTS TAGGED WITH: TWO-SPAR SHEAR LASHING. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 26, 2015, FROM HTTP://SCOUTPIONEERING.COM/TAG/TWO-SPAR-SHEAR-LASHING/

15