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Nr^kal l m^ p bpq `obp`bkal) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ ^`ljm^ke^ l _lj abpbjmbkel al m^ p) j^p k^ `ofpb nrb l Bpq^al pb obsbi^ ^fka^ j^fp afcbobk`f^al+ @lj rj^ b`lkljf^ afsbopfÚ`^a^ b `lj `irpqbop cloqbp k^p afcbobkqbp obdf bp ab pbr qboofq ofl) l Bpq^al plcob jbklp `lj ^p qro_ri k`f^p alp jbo`^alp k^`flk^i b fkqbok^`flk^i+ Bpq^ cloq^ibw^ `^q^ofkbkpb clf `bib_o^a^ lkqbj k^ Cfbp`) kl bsbkql al Dorml OF@) nrb `lkqlr `lj rj^ ^raf k`f^ ^iq^jbkqb nr^ifÚ`^a^ ab ifabo^k ^p bjmobp^of^fp b mli qf`^p al Bpq^al+ >i j a^ b`lkljf^ afsbopfÚ`^a^) nrb ^gra^ ^ bkcobkq^o ^p `ofpbp) l Bpq^al qbj ^idrkp alp jbielobp fkaf`^alobp ab afpqof_rf l ab obka^) abpbkslisfjbkql erj^kl b bar`^ l al m^ p) ^i j ab `lkq^o `lj ^`bppl ^pc^iq^al ^ qla^p ^p /62 `fa^abp ab pbr qboofq ofl b rj^ fkco^bpqorqro^ mloqr of^ afcbobk`f^a^+ Bkqob lp ^klp ab /-.- b ab /-.0) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ obdfpqolr `obp`fjbkql al MF? ab 6") nr^pb bjm^q^al `lj ^ j af^ al m^ p) ab 6)."+ Lp iqfjlp fkaf`^alobp al F?DB pl_ob ^p qo p mofk`fm^fp ^qfsfa^abp b`lk jf`^p bj /-.2 jlpqo^j nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ plcobr rj^ obqo^ l jbklo kl `lj o`fl %*0)." bj P@) *1)0" kl m^ p&) klp pbosf lp %*0)2" b *0)3") k^ jbpj^ `ljm^o^ l& b k^ fka pqof^ %*4)6" b *5)0"&+
J^fp nrb ^ j af^
Bj /-.0) pbdrkal l F?DB) ^ s^of^ l ob^i al MF? ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ clf ab 0)3") ^`fj^ a^ j af^ al m^ p m^o^ ^nrbib ^kl) nrb clf ab 0"+ Afsrid^al pbjmob `lj alfp ^klp ab afcbobk ^) l MF? al Bpq^al absb pbo j^flo nrb ^ j af^ k^`flk^i kls^jbkqb bj /-.1 b /-.2+
CLQLP A>KFBI NRBFOLW,KA
Mlonrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ afcbobkqb
?l^p*sfka^p+ Mobpfabkqb bub`rqfsl al Dorml OF@ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^) J^o`biil @loo ^ Mbqobiif) cbw l molkrk`f^jbkql ab ^_boqro^ al bsbkql
L mobpfabkqb al @lkpbiel al Dorml J^ofpli) Sf`bkqb Alkfkf) b l afobqlo mobpfabkqb a^ J^ofpli) Dfrif^kl Alkfkf) m^f b Úiel) bildf^o^j ^p nr^ifa^abp ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ kl bsbkql ab lkqbj) j^p `e^j^o^j ^ ^qbk l m^o^ mlkqlp nrb l Bpq^al mlab jbielo^o+ ÎKl `lkgrkql a^ l_o^) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ `^jfke^ _bj) j^p l Bpq^al mlab ^s^k ^o k^ lcboq^ ab jbielobp `lkaf bp m^o^ l abpbkslisfjbkql b`lk jf`l+ B fppl qbj rj kljb7 fkco^bpqorqro^Ï) `ljbkqlr Sf`bkqb+ M^o^ Dfrif^kl) l dlsbokl bpq^ar^i b lp jrkf`fm^fp mlabj ^s^k ^o k^ afob l ab rj^ dbpq l j^fp bÚ`fbkqb b k^ abp_rol`o^qfw^ l+
Qo p `ofpbp
K^ ^s^if^ l ab Sf`bkqb Alkfkf) krk`^ k^ efpq of^ abpqb m^ p l ?o^pfi sfsbr) pfjriq^kb^jbkqb) qo p `ofpbp pfjriq kb^p `ljl ^dlo^7 ^ `ofpb qf`^) mli qf`^ b b`lk jf`^+ ÎPb ^p afÚ`ria^abp clppbj p b`lk jf`^p) k p p^_bo ^jlp `ljl prmbo^o X^ `ofpbZ+ J^p sfsbjlp rj ^j_fbkqb mli qf`l a^ j^fp ^iq^ do^sfa^ab) `lj c^iq^ ab obpmbfql ^lp mofk` mflp j^fp bibjbkq^obp a^ qf`^Ï) `ofqf`lr+ M^o^ l bjmobp ofl) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ k l bpq b k l Ú`^o fie^a^ kbpqb `bk ofl+ ÎMob`fp^jlp ^`loa^o m^o^ ^ do^sfa^ab a^ pfqr^ l b c^wbo bk`^jfke^jbkqlp qo^kpcloj^alobpÏ) prdbofr+
Abmlfp ab ifabo^o ^ dbo^ l ab bjmobdl kl ?o^pfi bj /-.1) kl ^kl m^pp^al P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ qbsb l lfq^sl mflo abpbjmbkel al m^ p+ Kbkerj bkqb a^ cbabo^ l bp`^mlr bj /-.2 alp k jbolp kbd^qfslp Ì bj qlalp lp Bpq^alp b kl Afpqofql Cbabo^i elrsb obar l ab mlpqlp ab qo^_^iel+ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ clf jbielo bj /-.2 nrb P l M^ril) Ofl ab G^kbfol) Ofl Do^kab al Pri) M^o^k ) Jfk^p Dbo^fp) ?^ef^ b Mbok^j_r`l+ Kbpqb fk `fl ab ^kl) bj g^kbfol) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ clf l pbdrkal Bpq^al nrb j^fp dbolr bjmobdlp kl m^ p Ì ^qo p ^mbk^p al Ofl Do^kab Pri+
L mobpfabkqb bub`rqfsl al Dorml OF@ P@) J^o`biil Mbqobiif) `ljb lr l bsbkql k^ Cfbp` lkqbj abpq^`^kal lrqol mlkql nrb qbj ^gra^al P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ ^ pbo rj Bpq^al afcbobk`f^al kl m^ p7 ^ j af^ obdflk^i+ @lj bjmobp oflp al pbqlo fkpbofalp bj pr^p `ljrkfa^abp) ^ j af^ obdflk^i ^`^_^ abpbjmbke^kal rj m^mbi ^dobd^alo b jlqfs^alo+ L bsbkql ab lkqbj clf j^fp rj bubjmil afppl+ Î> j af^ absb bpq^o ^ c^slo ab jra^k ^p nrb pbg^j mlpfqfs^p b absb mobppflk^o m^o^ ^ ob^ifw^ l abpq^p jra^k ^pÏ) abcbkabr+
@lkgrkql a^ l_o^
Jbklp abpbjmobdl
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Pl_ l `lj^kal ab J^klbi W^olkf Qloobp) ^ `^q^ofkbkpb Bkdfb Qo^`qb_bi Bkbodf^ obdfpqolr ir`ol i nrfal ob`loab b jbielo^ bj pbqb ab pbrp abw mofk`fm^fp fkaf`^alobp bj /-.2+ L afobqlo mobpfabkqb a^ Qo^`qb_bi `ljbkqlr lkqbj) kl bsbkql al Dorml OF@ k^ Cfbp`) nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ `obp`br jrfql mbi^ afsbopfa^ab ab pr^ mlmri^ l b fka pqof^) mbi^ fkqboflofw^ l al abpbkslisfjbkql b mbi^ mrg^k ^ al bjmobp^of^al+ J^p abcbkabr nrb ^ ^ajfkfpqo^ l m _if`^ mlabof^ pbo j^fp bkurq^+ Î>idrj^p ^qfsfa^abp nrb l Bpq^al abpbkslisb mlabof^j pbo mofs^qfw^a^pÏ) prdbofr+
Kls^ mlpqro^
> efpq of^ b ^ `riqro^ ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ c^wbj afcbobk ^ m^o^ l Bpq^al bj obi^ l ^l m^ p) k^ sfp l al bjmobp ofl Dfrif^kl Alkfkf+ ÎKlppl mboÚi `lkpbdrfr lod^kfw^o ^ pl`fba^ab `ljl rj qlal) bkslisbkal ^p `i^ppbp bjmobp^of^fp) mli qf`^p b ^ pl`fba^ab bj dbo^i `lj bkd^g^jbkql bj qla^p ^p pr^p bpcbo^p b `^m^`fa^ab ab ^oqf`ri^ l j^flo nrb ^ j af^Ï) `lkpfabo^+ J^p l afobqlo mobpfabkqb a^ J^ofpli `lkpfabo^ nrb lp dlsboklp bpq^ar^i b alp jrkf` mflp q j ^dlo^ rj^ lmloqrkfa^ab ab c^wbo jbielo+ ÎBj rj ^j_fbkqb abpd^pq^al `ljl bppb) l nrb ^ dbkqb j^fp mob`fp^ ab Ûbuf_fifa^ab b ab ^dfifa^ab+ L Bpq^al absb qbo ^ `^m^`fa^ab ab ob^dfo ^ rj ^j_fbkqb b`lk jf`l afcbobkqbÏ) abcbkab+
I^k ^jbkql+ @lkpqorfkal @lk`bfqlp mlo rj^ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ Jbielo jlpqo^ sfdlo al Bpq^al
Cl`l obdflk^i al Dorml OF@ c^w ^ afcbobk ^ k^ nr^ifa^ab a^ fkcloj^ l Pl_ob ^ ^ l al Dorml OF@ bj P^kq^ @^q^ofk^) l mobpfabkqb bub`rqfsl) J^o`biil @loo ^ Mbqobiif) ibj_olr nrb l cl`l obdflk^i b ^ dbpq l cbfq^ mlo mbppl^p nrb jlo^j k^ obdf l b `lkeb`bj ^ ob^ifa^ab il`^i c^wbj ^ afcbobk ^ k^ nr^ifa^ab a^p fkcloj^ bp nrb `ebd^j ^lp `^q^ofkbkpbp+ Bib afppb nrb p l mbppl^p nrb q j lodriel ab c^i^o pl_ob l nrb e ab jbielo m^o^ ^ obdf l b nrb bpp^ j af^ obdflk^i q^j_ j obpmlkp sbi mlo bpp^ afcbobk`f^ l nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ qbj `ljl rj Bpq^al jbielo m^o^ lp `^q^ofkbkpbp+ ÎAbpq^ cloj^ mlpp sbi `lkpqorfo rj^ mbo`bm l afcbobkqb alp `^q^ofkbkpbp bj obi^ l ^l klppl Bpq^al+ Bppb rj do^kab pbosf l nrb ^ j af^ obdflk^i
mobpq^) jra^o bpp^ mbo`bm l pl_ob l nrb bpq ^`lkqb`bkal) jlqfs^kal b ^s^k ^kal+ l m^mbi jlqfs^alo b ^dobd^alo a^ j af^ obdflk^iÏ) abÚkfr+ Mbqobiif ^af^kqlr ^fka^ nrb) bj _obsb) pbo i^k ^al rj molgbql nrb bpqfjri^ ^p `of^k ^p ^ a^obj Î`^oq l sbojbielÏ m^o^ `lfp^p boo^a^p+ L jlabil clf `lk`b_fal ^ m^oqfo ab ?ldlq ) k^ @li j_f^) nrb jralr do^ ^p p ^qfqrabp a^p `of^k ^p+ ÎBpqb molgbql k l mobqbkab pbo a^ OF@) j^p pfj ab qlalp) pbj j^o`^ b pbj m^qol` kflp+ Bpq^ ^qfqrab) bkqob s of^p lrqo^p) pb obcbob ^ ^dfojlp m^o^ ^ qbo`bfo^ `ofpb nrb c^ibf ^kqboflojbkqb) ^ `ofpb pl`f^i) nrb mlab pbo jfkfjfw^a^ ^nrf bj P^kq^ @^q^ofk^Ï) ^mlkqlr+
Qbjlp rj qboobkl bjmobp^of^i) pl`f^i b m _if`l jrfql c oqfi+ >`obafq^jlp nrb ^s^k ^kal bj `ljrkf`^ l ab j^pp^) mlo jbfl a^ qbibsfp l) alp glok^fp) bjfpplo^p ab o afl b fkqbokbq) mlabobjlp molsl`^o jra^k ^p) dbo^kal ^qfqrabp ab `fa^a^kf^) klslp `ljmloq^jbkqlp) obcibu bp) `lk`bfqlp+Ï
Bpqlr `lksbk`fal ab nrb ^ j af^ obdflk^i obpmlkp sbi mlo bpq^ afcbobk`f^ l nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ qbj `ljl rj Bpq^al jbielo m^o^ lp `^q^ofkbkpbp+ Nr^kal jlpqo^jlp l jbielo ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ m^o^ l ?o^pfi Ì b qbjlp jlqfslp ab pl_o^ m^o^ fpql Ì pljlp fabkqfÚ`^alp) clo^ a^nrf) `ljl rj Bpq^al afcbobkqb+Ï J^o`biil @loo ^ Mbqobiif) mobpfabkqb bub`rqfsl al Dorml OF@ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^
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CLQLP A>KFBI NRBFOLW,KA
M^ibpqo^p+ @lkpriqlo b ^rqlofa^abp abcbkabo^j ^qof_rqlp nrb mlabj c^wbo l Bpq^al `obp`bo ^fka^ j^fp
Glok^ifpq^ molm b jbielo afsrid^ l alp _lkp kaf`bp `^q^ofkbkpbp Kl `bk ofl bpq^ar^i) nrb q^j_ j plcob obÛbul ab qlal l mol`bppl nrb l m^ p sfsb) l glok^ifpq^ Bar^oal Lfkbdrb ibj_olr lp _lkp kaf`bp ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ nrb afcbobk`f^j l Bpq^al kl `bk ofl k^`flk^i+ Bkqob bibp) a^alp pl_ob bp`li^ofw^ l) bjmobdl) qrofpjl) bumb`q^qfs^ ab sfa^) bkqob lrqolp+ Mlo j) ^Úojlr nrb ^fka^ ^ppfj Îl Bpq^al k l ^m^ob`b kl o^a^o alp fksbpqfalobp `lj ^ clo ^ nrb absbof^ qboÏ+ Bib ^Úoj^ nrb mob`fpl qbo j^fp bjmbkel m^o^ `lil`^o P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ kl qlml) rj bpclo l j^flo m^o^ _rp`^o bppb bjmobp ofl+ Lfkbdrb jlpqolr q^j_ j `ljl P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ bpq bj pbuql ird^o kl o^khfkd alp Bpq^alp mbil MF? %Molarql
L Bpq^al k l ^m^ob`b kl o^a^o alp fksbpqfalobp `lj ^ clo ^ nrb absbof^ qbo+ M^o^ fppl kb`bpp ofl mbo`bm l b ^qfqrab+ Mbo`bm l l Bpq^al qbj) bj jlpqo^o ^ clo ^) bnrfi _ofl b `^m^`fa^ab ab ^qr^ l+ Qbj nrb fjm^`q^o k^ mbo`bm l a^p mbppl^p+ >qfqrab qbj qral ^ sbo `lj l bjmobp oflÏ Bar^oal Lfkbdrb) glok^ifpq^
Fkqbokl ?orql&) abpq^`lr ^ obcloj^ ^ajfkfpqo^qfs^ b a^ mobsfa k`f^ nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ qbsb) ^ppfj `ljl ^ j^krqbk l a^ `^od^ qof_rq of^+ >mbp^o ab ^idrkp fqbkp pbobj l_ofd^ l) abfu^j l Bpq^al bj s^kq^dbj kl m^ p) mlonrb) pbdrkal bib) kbj qlalp lp `lkpbdrbj `rjmof*i^p+ ÎQbj nrb bkqo^o kl o^a^o mlonrb lp lrqolp bpq l pb mobl`rm^kal bj bkqo^o kl o^a^o+ M^o^ fppl kb`bpp ofl Fjmripl+ mbo`bm l b ^qfqrab+ Mbo`bm l l Bpq^al qbj) bj Lfkbdrb ^`obafq^ jlpqo^o ^ clo ^) bnrfi _ofl b `^m^`fa^ab ab ^qr^ l+ nrb kb`bpp ofl Qbj nrb fjm^`q^o k^ mbo`bm l a^p mbppl^p+ B ^ ^qfqrab j^fp bjmbkel m^o^ pb qo^q^ ab `ljl afsrid^o) `ljl `ebd^o p mbppl^p+ ibs^o Bpq^al ^lkab >qfqrab qbj qral ^ sbo `lj l bjmobp oflÏ) ^Úojlr+ bib mlab `ebd^o
Jra^k ^ ab dbo^ bp fjm b afcf`ria^abp) ^mlkq^ abmrq^al
ÎK l ^rjbkq^o fjmlpqlpÏ rj^ a^p `lkqof_rf bp) afw dlsbok^alo
L mobpfabkqb a^ >ibp` %>ppbj_ibf^ Ibdfpi^qfs^ ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^&) abmrq^al Dbiplk Jbofpfl %MPA&) q^j_ j cbw rj molkrk`f^jbkql aro^kqb l bsbkql) obpp^iq^kal l qo^_^iel `lkgrkql al Bub`rqfsl b al Ibdfpi^qfsl kl Bpq^al+ Bib afppb nrb fjmloq^kqb nrb ^p mbppl^p mbo`b_^j bj nrb qfml ab `ofpb bpq l fkpbofa^p b) k^ sfp l al abmrq^al) j^fp al nrb rj^ `ofpb qf`^ b jlo^i) e ) kl ?o^pfi) rj^ `ofpb ab i abobp+ ÎM^pp^jlp mlo rj^ dbo^ l nrb qbj nrb pbo `ljmobbkafa^ `ljl afc `fi nrb ) bpmb`f^ijbkqb abjl`o^`f^ kls^ `ljl l m^ pÏ) ^mlkqlr+ M^o^ bib) kl `bk ofl Ibdfpi^qfsl) Bub`rqfsl lr k^p pr`bpp bp bjmobp^of^fp) e rj `f`il nrb pb fkf`flr e j^fp ab 1- ^klp b rj^ jbpj^ dbo^ l `lkqfkr^ cobkqb) ifabo^kal l m^ p) b ^ jra^k ^ ab dbo^ l fjm b afÚ`ria^abp+ ÎLie^jlp m^o^ ^ @ j^o^ alp Abmrq^alp b qbjlp afÚ`ria^ab ab mbo`b_bo i abobp molkqlp) mobm^o^alp) afpmlpqlp ^ pbobj j^flobp nrb lp m^oqfalp b pr^p nrbpq bp fkqbok^p b ifabo^obj mol`bpplp ab obcloj^ nrb qlalp `ljmobbkabj `ljl kb`bpp of^pÏ) lmfklr+ Pl_ob P^kq^ @^q^ofk^) Jbofpfl afw nrb e rj jlsfjbkql jbielo kbppb pbkqfal) mlfp qbj pfal mlpp sbi Îbcbqr^o ^ bp `lj ^kqb`ba k`f^ alp c^qlpÏ b jbafa^p nrb s l mbojfqfo nrb lp `^q^ofkbkpbp `lkqfkrbj afcbobkqbp) ab j^kbfo^ mlpfqfs^+ Bib obpp^iq^ nrb e ) kl Bpq^al) rj jlabil b`lk jf`l kf`l kl ?o^pfi Ì `lj ^dolfka pqof^) jbq^i* jb` kf`^) qrofpjl Ì nrb mob`fp^ pbo mobpbos^al+ M^o^ l mobpfabkqb a^ >ibp`) riqo^m^pp^al bppb mbo lal ab `ofpb) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ mlabo qbo j^flo `ljmbqfqfsfa^ab) l nrb mbojfqfo ^fka^ j^fp
> bp al dlsbokl clo^j ^mobpbkq^a^p mlo O^fjrkal @lilj_l %MPA&) abq^ie^kal mi^klp m^o^ nrb kbkerj^ l_o^ m^ob) ^i j ab `e^j^o obpmlkp^_fifa^ab `^a^ pbqlo m^o^ `lkpqorfo klslp `^jfkelp+ @lilj_l ^mlkqlr qo p abp^Úlp mofk`fm^fp m^o^ l dlsbokl k^ pr^ dbpq l7 ^p abpmbp^p ab clie^) ^ mobsfa k`f^ b ^ a sfa^ a^ Rkf l) `lkpfabo^a^ rj alp mofk`fm^fp bkqo^sbp m^o^ l abpbkslisfjbkql b j^fp fksbpqfjbkqlp+ L dlsbok^alo ^Úojlr nrb bppb mbo lal bufdb ifabo^k ^p ab nr^ifa^ab b nrb l Bpq^al qbj bpp^p ifabo^k ^p) j^p bi^p mob`fp^j ^pprjfo bppb m^mbi molq^dlkfpq^ k^ pl`fba^ab+ Pbdrkal bib) ^fka^ e Îljfpp lÏ b mbo`b_b rj^ Îpl`fba^ab ^`ls^oa^a^Ï+ ÎBpq^jlp kl jbfl a^ qbjmbpq^ab) k l kl Új b k l p^_bjlp nr^i afjbkp l al sbkql) mlo fppl bufdb obpmlkp^_fifa^ab) _lj pbkpl b bnrfi _ofl ab ob^ijbkqb rkfo mbppl^p nrb qbke^j `^m^`fa^ab ab ^`e^o klslp `^jfkelpÏ+ Bib q^j_ j obpp^iqlr ^ ab`fp l al dlsbokl bj k l ^rjbkq^o fjmlpqlp b d^o^kqfr nrb j^kqbo bpp^ mli qf`^+ Pbdrkal @lilj_l) ^mif`^o fjmlpqlp jbklobp q^j_ j rj^ lmloqrkfa^ab ab ^qo^fo fksbpqfjbkqlp b Îbsfq^o l mflo i^al a^ `ofpb) l abpbjmobdlÏ+ @ofqf`lr ^ _rol`o^`f^) nrb pbdrkal bib) ^do^s^ ^fka^ j^fp lp abp^Úlp nrb ^m^ob`bj af^of^jbkqb+ ÎL do^kab abp^Úl `ljl c^wbo afobfql) `lj bpm ofql m _if`l) obpmlkp^_fifa^ab b `fa^a^kf^ l klsl jlabil+ Qbjlp nrb qbo ^ j^qrofa^ab ab `lkpqorfo ^idl `lj j^flo nr^ifa^ab b aro^_fifa^abÏ) ^Úojlr+ L dlsbok^alo qbojfklr l afp`ropl c^i^kal pl_ob ^ kb`bppfa^ab ab k l cb`e^o lp lielp m^o^ l
afcbobk`f^i al nrb l Bpq^al g qbsb) mbojfqfkal `obp`fjbkql b`lk jf`l b nr^ifa^ab ab sfa^7 ÎAfjbkpflk^o) mi^kbg^o bj j afl b ilkdl mo^wl l kf`l `^jfkel nrb klp ibs^ ^l mo qf`l+ K l e `ofpb bqbok^) s^jlp p^fo abi^ b) nr^kal fppl ^`lkqb`bo) qbobjlp rj^ s^kq^dbj nrb kbkerj lrqol Bpq^al al m^ p qbo ) abpab nrb qbke^jlp rkf l m^o^ `lkpqorfo ^p qo^kpcloj^ bp nrb bpq l fkf`f^kalÏ+
Molgbqlp+ Jbofpfl bkqbkab nrb Î`ofpb k l bqbok^Ï b mob`fpl mi^kbg^jbkql ^ ilkdl mo^wl m^o^ prmbo *i^
@lksl`^ l+ Mbqobiif ibj_o^ nrb jljbkql ab plj^o
Bjmobp ofl abcbkab ^ rkf l
Bnrfi _ofl+ M^o^ @lilj_l) _lj pbkpl crka^jbkq^i nrb ^`lkqb`b kl ?o^pfi+ ÎBpq^jlp c^wbkal bj P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ l nrb klpplp ^s p b m^fp Úwbo^j) `lj bjmobp^p `bkqbk of^p nrb `ljb ^o^j mbnrbk^p b clo^j `obp`bkal) sbk`bo^j `ofpbp `ljl bpp^ b pb `lkplifa^o^j `ljl j^o`^p ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^) k^`flk^i b ^q fkqbok^`flk^i+ bppb m^qofj kfl nrb bpq bj gldl b qbjlp nrb cloq^ib`bo m^o^ sbk`bo ^ `ofpbÏ) obpp^iqlr+
L crka^alo b mobpfabkqb bj ofql al Dorml OF@) J ofl G+ Dlkw^d^ Mbqobiif) bildflr l qo^_^iel b ^ c^i^ alp m^ibpqo^kqbp al bsbkql) q^j_ j ^ Cfbp` %Cbabo^ l a^p Fka pqof^p& `ljl mob`roplo^ ab do^kabp irq^p fkarpqof^fp b fk`bkqfs^alo^ a^ `of^ l ab lrqo^p cbabo^ bp b bkqfa^abp ab `i^ppb+ M^o^ bib) l bk`lkqol ab i^k ^jbkql al @lkpqorfkal @lk`bfqlp mlo rj^ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ Jbielo clf ab do^kab fjmloq k`f^) mlo obrkfo bjmobp^of^al) pbqlo Bub`rqfsl) Graf`f ofl b ^ `i^ppb mli qf`^ m^o^ rj ab_^qb+ Abpq^`lr ^fka^ ^ ^k ifpb al glok^ifpq^ Bar^oal Lfkbdrb pl_ob ^ ob^ifa^ab `^q^ofkbkpb) `lkpfabo^a^ Îbu`bm`flk^iÏ mlo bib+ Î> elo^ ab plj^o+ K l l jljbkql m^o^ `lkcolkql+ I^jbkql l bu*mobpfabkqb Irfw Fk `fl Iri^ a^ Pfis^ qbo `e^j^al l mlsl mo^ or^+ Rj _lj i abo k l c^w fppl+ Obpmbfql*l mlo qral l nrb cbw mbil m^ p) j^p rj _lj i abo `e^j^ l mlsl m^o^ `ebd^o ^ rj^ `lk`irp l graf`flp^ _^pb a^ ibfÏ) mlkabolr+
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CILOF>KêMLIFP) QBO~>*CBFO>) 5 AB J>O~L AB /-.3
CLQLP A>KFBI NRBFOLW,KA
L bsbkql clf mlpfqfsl+ Lp m^ibpqo^kqbp clo^j jrfql cbifwbp) qlalp ab ^iql k sbi+ Qlalp mbkp^kal kl _bj al Bpq^al b al m^ p ^mlkq^o^j p^ a^p m^o^ ^ `ofpb+ P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ pb abpq^`^ mbil mlsl+ L `^q^ofkbkpb l pbr do^kab j^k^k`f^i mlo pbo ab lofdbkp afsbopfÚ`^a^p b nrb pb abaf`^j p j^fp afcbobkqbp molÚpp bp+ Bppb l klppl afcbobk`f^i+Ï Glp >kq kfl Qloobp J^onrbp) mobpfabkqb al Qof_rk^i ab Grpqf ^
L jlabil b`lk jf`l `^q^ofkbkpb rj abp`bkqo^ifw^al+ > klpp^ fka pqof^ afsbopfÚ`^a^+ Lrqolp Bpq^alp nrb q j pr^ _^pb kl pbqlo ^rqljl_fi pqf`l) mlo bubjmil) bpq l plcobkal jrfql j^fp nrb k p) nrb qbjlp clo ^ k^ ^dolfka pqof^) pbqlo q uqfi) jlsbibfol) j^abfobfol) `bo jf`l b jbq^i* jb` kf`l+ Q^j_ j ^ pbofba^ab ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^) q^kql kl pbqlo m _if`l nr^kql kl mofs^al) nrb k l pb abfu^j ^_^qbo mbi^ `ofpb+Ï
J^o`bil ?oldklif) mobpfabkqb bub`rqfsl a^ ?oldklif Kbd `flp Fjl_fif oflp
Di^r`l @ oqb) mobpfabkqb a^ Cfbp`
K p qbjlp rj dlsbok^alo nrb bcbqfs^jbkqb pb mobl`rmlr b qljlr ^ bp grkq^jbkqb `lj pbr pb`obq^of^al m^o^ nrb l Bpq^al mrabppb) ab c^ql) bkcobkq^o ^ pfqr^ l `o qf`^ nrb l m^ p pb ^mobpbkq^+ @lj obi^ l ^l bjmobp^of^al) mbkpl nrb qbjlp qf`^) bjmobbkabalofpjl b s^ilobp nrb c^wbj `lj nrb qbke^jlp afcbobk`f^fp nrb lrqolp Bpq^alp q^isbw k l qbke^j+ Mob`fp^jlp nrb klpplp eljbkp m _if`lp) mofk`fm^ijbkqb k^ bpcbo^ cbabo^i) `lkpfd^j obplisbo l ^pmb`ql mli qf`l+Ï ?orkl ?obfqe^rmq) mobpfabkqb a^ Cb`lj o`fl
Qbjlp rj bjmobp^of^al lqfjfpq^) klpp^ dbkqb afcbobkqb+ Mlo k^qrobw^) l bjmobp ofl g ^`obafq^ kl nrb c^w+ Ob`lkeb l nrb jrfqlp mlkqlp klp ^ppli^j ^fka^) `ljl ^ c^iq^ ab bpqorqro^) nrbpq bp ifd^a^p p^ ab b bar`^ l+ Jbpjl ^ppfj) pb `ljm^o^jlp P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ ^lp Bpq^alp al Kloabpqb lr ^q jbpjl klpplp sfwfkelp) bpq^jlp jbielo+ >nrf k p afq^jlp l Bpq^al b k l bpmbo^jlp ^p `lfp^p sfobj+
P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ rj Bpq^al ^q mf`l+ Qbj rj^ b`lkljf^ afsbopfÚ`^a^+ l iqfjl ^ pbo fkÛrbk`f^al mlo rj mol`bppl ab `ofpb b l mofjbfol ^ pb ob`rmbo^o+ J^p mob`fp^jlp bpq^o ^qbkqlp) mlonrb pb bpp^ `lkaf l klp `lil`lr kbpq^ mlpf l) br bkqbkal q^j_ j nrb bpq^ mlpf l fjmif`^ nrb k p qbke^jlp ^ absfa^ obpmlkp^_fifa^ab ab ifabo^ojlp fk`irpfsb l mol`bppl mli qf`l b bjmobp^of^i m^o^ l m^ p fkqbfol+Ï
Fs^k Ol_boql Q^rccbo) mobpfabkqb a^ C@AI
P^kabo I `fl ab Jfo^) mobpfabkqb a^ >`fc
Qral ^nrfil nrb l mlabo m _if`l mrabo c^wbo m^o^ rkfo l bjmobp^of^al ab prj^ fjmloq k`f^+ Bpq^jlp m^pp^kal mlo rj jljbkql `o qf`l b l Bpq^al k l mlab pbo bkqo^sb) qbj nrb pbo m^o`bfol ^q nrb m^o^ nrb mlpp^ a^o kfjl m^o^ l bjmobp^of^al `lkqfkr^o fksbpqfkal) `lkqfkr^o dbo^kal ofnrbw^) bjmobdl+ K l qbj lrqol `^jfkel+ Pb ^ dbkqb k l qolrubo rj `ifj^ ab kfjl) ab mlpfqfsfa^ab) k l s^jlp `lkpbdrfo p^fo abpp^ `ofpbÏ+ >ibu^kaob T^iqof`h) mobpfabkqb a^ C^qj^
@obfl nrb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ pb abpq^`^ mlo jbfl a^ cloj^ l a^ mlmri^ l+ >p klpp^p o^ wbp brolmbf^p bj qlal l Bpq^al b ^ cloqb fkÛr k`f^ a^ fjfdo^ l ^ibj ) fq^if^k^) mloqrdrbp^) bpp^ jfpqro^ abr jrfql `boql al mlkql ab sfpq^ a^ molarqfsfa^ab+ Nrbj sfpfq^ l ?o^pfi) mbo`b_b nrb l Pri lrqol m^ p+ L Bpq^al qbj bpp^ `^o^`qbo pqf`^) ^ mlmri^ l qo^_^ie^ jrfql+Ï
>kqlkfl D^s^wwlkf) pb`obq ofl a^ C^wbka^
Bppb bk`lkqol rj bubjmil nrb obmobpbkq^) nrb jlpqo^ nrb l dlsbokl `lksbop^ `lj l pbqlo bjmobp^of^i b `lj lp lrqolp mlabobp b _rp`^ pb ^mlf^o k^p _l^p mo qf`^p a^ mlmri^ l `^q^ofkbkpb m^o^ j^kqbo l jlabil bj m + Bpq^jlp sfsbk`f^kal) kbpp^ fkf`f^qfs^ al Dorml OF@) bu^q^jbkqb l pbkqfal a^nrfil nrb k p c^wbjlp+ Pb `lkqfkr^ojlp ^ppfj) af^ild^kal `lj pbofba^ab) `lj qo^kpm^o k`f^) `boq^jbkqb l Bpq^al s^f ilkdb+Ï
Obmbo`rpp l+ Ifabo^k ^p mli qf`^p b bjmobp^of^fp ^k^ifp^j fkf`f^qfs^ ab cloj^ mlpfqfs^
L do^kab afcbobk`f^i kbpqb jljbkql ab `ofpb l c^ql ab nrb) bknr^kql qlalp lp Bpq^alp ^rjbkq^o^j lp fjmlpqlp) qlj^kal l `^jfkel j^fp `roql `ljl cloj^ ab ^rjbkq^o pr^ ob`bfq^ m^o^ bkcobkq^o pr^p abpmbp^p) P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ cbw l `lkqo ofl7 obarwfr ^p abpmbp^p b cbw `lj nrb bi^p `lr_bppbj abkqol a^p ob`bfq^p+ Klp abpq^`^jlp mlo k l gld^ojlp m^o^ `fj^ a^ pl`fba^ab l mbpl a^ klpp^ _rol`o^`f^) a^ klpp^ bpqorqro^ m _if`^+Ï
Kbiplk Pbom^) pb`obq ofl a^ @^p^ @fsfi
L jljbkql kb`bppfq^ ab obÛbu l b ab bk`lkqolp `ljl l ob^ifw^al mbil Dorml OF@+ Aro^kqb ^ m^ibpqo^ al Bar^oal Lfkbdrb) Ú`lr l obdfpqol ab nrb lp bjmobp oflp mob`fp^j c^wbo pr^ m^oqb) g nrb q j ^ ^mqfa l al bjmobbkabalofpjl+ Bibp mlabj `lkqof_rfo m^o^ p^fojlp a^ `ofpb l nr^kql ^kqbp+ Alrqlo J ofl Mbqobiif clf jrfql cbifw ^l ibj_o^o nrb l Bpq^al mofsfibdf^al mlo k l qbo mli qf`lp lr bjmobp oflp bkslisfalp bj bp` ka^ilp+Ï A^kfbi >o^ gl) mobpfabkqb a^ >ppl`f^ l ?o^pfibfo^ ab >d k`f^p ab Mr_if`fa^ab
Qbjlp rj Bpq^al of`l) `ljmlpql mlo /2 bqkf^p) b klp bpmbie^jlp kbi^p b kl pbr abpbkslisfjbkqfpjl m^o^ qbojlp rj^ mlpqro^ jbielo) k l p bj k sbi ab mlmri^ l) j^p q^j_ j kl mlkql ab sfpq^ bjmobp^of^i+ L c^ql ab pbojlp jbielobp nrb lp lrqolp mlab `ebd^o bj ?o^p if^ `lj ^ fjmobpp l ab nrb pljlp ^rqlpprÚ`fbkqbp+ J^p) k^ ob^ifa^ab) mob`fp^jlp ab jrfq^p `lfp^p) ^q m^o^ d^o^kqfo klppl jlabil ab abpbkslisfjbkql+ Ol_boql a^ Irw @lpq^) mobpfabkqb a^ Molm^drb
Mbkpl nrb ^ s^ilofw^ l al Bpq^al pb a mlo jbfl ab fkf`f^qfs^p `ljl bpq^ ob^ifw^a^ mbil Dorml OF@) `e^j^kal l bjmobp^of^al) ^ `i^ppb mli qf`^ b ^ pl`fba^ab m^o^ jlpqo^o l nr l fjmloq^kqb P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ kl `bk ofl bpq^ar^i+ J^p ^kqbp ab sbkabo l Bpq^al k^`flk^ijbkqb) mob`fp^jlp jlpqo^o ^l m _if`l fkqbokl l nrb ab _lj k p Úwbjlp mlo ^nrf+ B mlo fppl nrb l Dorml OF@ bpq ab m^o^_ kp+Ï Jrofil Glp a^ @lk`bf l) pb`obq ofl ab @ljrkf`^ l ab Fq^g^
P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ mlo qo^af l) corql ab pr^ `lilkfw^ l brolmbf^) mbkp^ afcbobkqb al obpq^kqb al ?o^pfi+ Bpqb rj Bpq^al ab qo^_^iel) ab afp`fmifk^) mlo fppl pbjmob cljlp obcbo k`f^ k^`flk^i+ K p mob`fp^jlp qo^kpjfqfo ^ fjmloq k`f^ ab pb _rp`^o kls^jbkqb l `^jfkel al abpbkslisfjbkql b kbib mbopbsbo^o+ @ofpb pb prmbo^ `lj qo^_^iel) `lj c ) `lj afp`fmifk^+ L `^q^ofkbkpb pb ^dfd^kq^ af^kqb a^ ^asbopfa^ab b m b m^o^ clo^ pr^ bumbof k`f^+Ï
crka^jbkq^i mlabo afp`rqfo fabf^p bj `lkgrkql+ Qbjlp nrb plj^o bpclo lp) fka pqof^) pbqlo ab pbosf lp) mlabo m _if`l) bkÚj) qlalp bj `lkgrkql afp`rqfkal ^idl nrb pbg^ mlpfqfsl+ @^a^ lmloqrkfa^ab nrb qbjlp ab rkfo bjmobp oflp b do^kabp ifabo^k ^p mli qf`^p) afp`rqfkal b ^_ofkal bppb `^k^i ab af ildl) crka^jbkq^i+ Bppb rj mlkql nrb p c^w l Bpq^al ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ pbo afcbobk`f^al `ljl bcbqfs^jbkqb bib sbj pbkal+
Obk^ql ab Jbiil Sf^kk^) afobqlo Úk^k`bfol al ?OAB
@ibsboplk Pfbtboq) mobpfabkqb a^ @bibp`
Jrfql fjmloq^kqb obrkfo lp mlabobp Bub`rqfsl) Ibdfpi^qfsl) Graf`f ofl b l bjmobp^of^al m^o^ afp`rqfo ^ pfqr^ l kl jljbkql ab `ofpb mli qf`^ b b`lk jf`^+ > afp`rpp l klp ^gra^ ^ `of^o l bpm ofql ab `libqfsfa^ab) ^fka^ nrb l Bpq^al qbke^ `boq^ fjrkfa^ab af^kqb a^ pfqr^ l k^`flk^i+Ï Obvk^ial O^jlp Go+) afobqlo prmbofkqbkabkqb al Dorml OF@
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P>KQ> @>Q>OFK>) QBO~>*CBFO>) 5 AB J>O~L AB /-.3
O^fjrkal @lilj_l Ì dlsbok^alo ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^
A sfa^+ Jbpjl `lj ^ l kl PQC) Bpq^al ^mlpq^ bj p^ a^ mlo jbfl al af ildl `lj ^ Rkf l
Bpp^ `ofpb dbolr rj ^j_fbkqb ab jra^k ^+ J^p mob`fpl obpmlkp^_fifa^ab) _lj*pbkpl) bpm ofql m _if`l b m^qoflqfpjl+ P l m^i^so^p nrb bpq l jbfl ^_^kalk^a^p) j^p fjmloq^kqbp m^o^ nrb k p ^`ebjlp l jbielo `^jfkel b c^ ^jlp ^ `lfp^ `loobq^+ K l ^af^kq^ mbppl^ifw^o lr m^oqfa^ofw^o) qbjlp nrb mbkp^o kl ?o^pfi `ljl rj qlal+Ï O^fjrkal @lilj_l) dlsbok^alo
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A>KFBI NRBFOLW,KA
BKQOBSFPQ>
(48) 3251-1440 - AVENIDA DO ANTÃO,1857 - CEP 88025-150 - FLORIANÓPOLIS - SANTA CATARINA (47) 3419-8000 - RUA XAVANTES, 120 - CEP 89203-210 - JOINVILLE - SANTA CATARINA Edição: Altair Magagnin - Textos: Alessandra Oliveira e Letícia Mathias - Fotografia: Daniel Queiroz - Diagramação: Rogério Moreira Jr.
K l) k l qbkel fkqbobppb kfppl X`^kafa^qro^ k^`flk^iZ+ K p g bpq^jlp `lj rj^ _lj_^ k^ j l ^nrf) slr jb mobl`rm^o `lj lrqo^p `lfp^p< > jfke^ jfpp l ^gra^o ^nrf+ Pb ^ dbkqb nrfpbo c^wbo nr^inrbo `lfp^ mbppl^i) ab j^fp ^j_f l) s^f ^qo^m^ie^o+ L klppl cl`l c^wbo rj^ _l^ kbdl`f^ l a^ a sfa^+ Bppb ^ klpp^ moflofa^ab+ >gra^o ^ pl`fba^ab ab P^kq^ @^q^ofk^ ^ bkcobkq^o ^ `ofpb+Ï O^fjrkal @lilj_l) dlsbok^alo