Il volWDe '"La 0urmi di ùdom, 19 1s-191r racrogtie &li atti c1e11·omoDDDO c:onvepio ehe li 1vobe nel novembtt 2016 praao l'UniV8Wli di Trieste. Le rel.ui(mi pre,enwe in quell'occuiolle hanno ~ l a l O wi mommto di nwva riftestione 1ia 1ulk ~ ddla Grande pen11 Jia ...11a f'iau,a di Luiai e.torna. AnBveno i ronlnbldi di ltudXJli di diflamie irnpotta-. <tione IIOfio&nriea e di dn'cna MNibilili l i è raliluil.l IU1tl la a,mpleuili delle vieendepolitiche,militui eillkmuionali ebee~l'ltalianelperiodoin eui Cadoml fu alla pida dell'Etereito icaliano. Per qumo motivo, il volume ha l'ambiziontdiOOltihlftuapuatodìrirerimcoloper&liltlldii,uU.Primagum1 mondiale,M'ricc:bc:ndoc:onisuoicoalelluti iJdihalti1narwinn,fioosull'111110fflffl!O, Pietro ~ie, è Prora-e ~ Ì l ( o di SIOria ~ all'Universili di Triesce, oono di laua in Scienze Iniemarion,,li e Diplomatìebe - secle di (ìc)riria. SrudK.*> dd movimento 1indaealc, del oomunilfflO e del fMcdfflO. li è oecupatO • 1unp dei comp1eS1i rapporti fra comunisti e fucisti. Dal 1992 112002 èll.ltOdirctlon: della Fonduiooc Oiu,eppe Di Vittorio.
Ani.ba. Uap:i, Ph.0., è Prorenon: ._. dì Storia c : o n ~ all'Univcnic.l Ouj:lielmo MaRlOlli di Roma. Si è oecupatodcllastoriapoliticadell'lcaliledi storia miliwe in panM:OIN'c delle vkcndc dell'Aviazione: e dell'Exrcito icaliano durantelaOnndcweflLTniillUOiultimi lavori ~1.,a Guem del Re. Monarchia. Sisltma politico e Forze armate nell1 CÌl(o
Grmdeau,erraH(2018).
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UFF1CIO ST0fl1CO SMI: - ROMA :!011 ISl:IN: 9 ~ ~2
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La Guerra di Cadorna 1915-1917
Atti del Convegno Trieste - Gorizia 2 â&#x20AC;˘ 4 Novembre 2016 a cura di Pietro Negli, e Andrea UP1guri
Presentazione
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italìaa,,ci~lc.hl,illll.i•.,ueltiannidiriootn:,w,ddCCIIIClllrio.ilprolikran: diwnvepicdipubblM:NionifWi..-~cli...iiuarelaJl,leffllflvileflln.lPCII
"""uu111rmllrplidddi..,.iri. ~le.,...lklriosnfichepilln,cerHi,iwtioolan: i-im11>nvollo.tk~icuhunlli,oocialicdi.,,.,...,,roel1a"""via.donoct'II: ci-lmridifflpandimml,,pooaa,.:,-.eurili • ~ . , . , . . . . . , .. n.nplcsoilàikl ronllinodel1914-IS. UNmagmMk1U:NlM•qo,esfi""fldlihalffll'.'1kroconlribui101d
arncthin'ildiballòtoJIOriotnr,6roc.ntl~1fo,.,."11111di-fflpi•-ivl di un ftnomc:no comc,lc:,lo, dalk t f- . clw dn rikv.,.i implitatiolli e npett""""""••• ""ll1 Slalaewop:1... .., qudlonnewope,. Una1et"~di11udiche.olw1 l'<nin:..,.......,pnì policwlcodi ""n=iornmc qwRodella sucm europca.1-U<:Kdi •""""' • WII rilftM dolll llon0p'IF1.,.,..
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a u ...i.o al"' Qllàlioni di f-11:n: po~M""l. Qu,:,ib, O<UJla mfoni, nqti ldtimi 11U1ihacic,,,"1110~i.,.,.,.i ro111111~ilabòktamhio~ct'll:t.vifloil venir mmodi ;..........,...;"°......-,.ionri,. ...1CftMeq!O, mn l"~diur\11 oc;hiet,di
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_,. s,eaenl......,_ mlCI Rmbn cli ~dif'tct'II: la tl<lNpnlir1C1.,..oc:mp,t'pnl«wlllidmo111.ll(IJWMWOOnlep»·,..;lt-\,c,qi,,,sillflclcmcnlo
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~ nell'inda111,c ~ EbbeM, 'll'CSIO vol..«oe, rhc ~ Jli alti del eoavqn,o "LI QuenadiùdorM t<n!l,-191rswholi Pf"IIO l'Uniw,nòù di Triellcdll
2&1<4~2016.ha l'ambirionetcbxla~)chdimoomn:cw...,...lc il ronll"llnl\, ot11iio CM Il...,,;. polilin ha._,,.. ogi. qualcota dli dif't nrl diN11110 ..ionoe,,,6colfflm'lc. l:prruaoaxdimoriYi. lnnanriluno.l• to1K11CnW1ocorica t ill , 01Mi.....,evolu:6on,e;_,.111;1<11WdoV\IU.,.. ..,._,...,11;""°''e~le ~hla..;di lcm,,,~oaalll~dì-f<lntic#dliv,d,c__,,,dirilcap:n,e,.,;,,~ costanlttnffll< ,I paou10 , ~ • - - · ~ 111 p,enod1vct1": 1n clà. i1 CMlpÌll'lpiilanlu<lpcrsli .rorici, quctllldìKttttarl:l'*-dd=iliolnMnO.e-·iwldodi armccar,i "' mulili dop,Munu e pttOIIOICCllod~ ano •i~.."" la rolllpn...,_ do, rfflOIIWli. f>roprio11CCe!Undo di rilomattM1ipnlflnpwi edi funlln:IIUO'>tilllel'fll'l'Wiono, lotl0riopwpolitic1hodi-..ill'f'l'CM'!volumc-v1111iiùinup<1..la.nkp(IIOO C-VmlÌ Cpa10UN1.,;qm,lii1_,...10cilicnp\tofrC!fmll1. la_,.,,...,l""IO,la:llufaddlll'rimli1jVUttllUUllk.""""to..un.pai,,eckU1 ~ doU' IWillìhl."nle.iac,,n_...,,..dilliln; -ao}D<111.,wolèoerlO~N:
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cvlcka>;.-C~r.::tdwk__.rikvlntipcrklMidtl l'lar,incibrilpecdoiancloilpoll sc,,cnloqll8dru_,.,......-.,._c1e..,.,W,.,t1aecmllÌlldipcnoncCM«-1...,·- . al 1emp1. c i - p<~iàa e c i - d,rise- delle , W nm<ll'IÌ. le inMw motivazio.iddlolom-lw,ilomllMl,~leNli,illorumoclo dirapi!OfUn,alpolilioo,ipilil~"'quclllloornplcM;iù~ll'•IPrelk-llacWMdinac-europ:schc, alin,po.,...._.... .......,.,..__,.~ , , - ~ pnea;:cllf:Na.P'rar.i....... dalla ~ d i - 1....ificlpn,chldct1ilal.'Ol1lpl'ffllioiMdclle-va,10111diqueo J«W,,,,..._,. le=-lle•~ta.,;..,.,..11a ,iiadi fflilatic milio.di iMiridui lnfiM,pn'lpnOpn,_.111nlacunpaailidollcK1:llcdd.. clM«_,......ilaliaa..tii da:..odome11CK1co•f..-i...;....t,;c;1un..,1qu,a1ie11a111ani,,oi,,nnolconodril"halÌII lobffaie,01111qi,dlopol,ticc,,..,..llomili1aree,inline,qwllodipkMnltoco. Un"- llli. dur,quc,chcl,,a~di~1llc1«ltedtil'fl)UfOl!ittiokili.....i aa,l,iti,mache i.. ,·okilo) JnCtlcrli. co,i!io,11(,, ~ ' rifkMi ( i di .-,tiio ..... lom "'""· k""'ip,.,dw~eivic:endewlianriu;,R..,.parnla.ricmuvnqudllla,mplaMli dtlfc-potiocochcopc110IOCIOnlkledecllioni11llimcJci...-.,.,nridtllaS!oria. SclfUO"'IC"""°k.-....,.-idifondochclwlnnop,,,\ailo1prnlil'lffl'l't,ppNCCOO polilioo•ll&COll~ddlaG,mdc 1""""- 1111 dÌ-'"'J I ~ V : I fluo per lii
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,liR'en,nw: c~dtli.°""""....,.,,chcOO\·rcbbcdi,MknimlNC-!ipcnodo. 191'-1917tl9lM919.Quesllperi<,dio.a>:IOfltlllC1lOOf•~,•-· "'·oio,la drl ·ACrn . . . , . -· saa.ndoaoe-_,..nella~1I F*'9e9'ioip,llf--r,n11umza ..:"""'1l1Ca,n1t~tpùl,bt;:l.\ksl1.ollc:a<i.
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In ,lfew, .,. dell'1nmo dc! cunllinu l'lialia 1,·cn manikowo la,...,,.,. d ~ , dJlll'1ilNo1lblo, INl ton0 il prullloali. S1111000qucllo ~ ,. infine, IOtlO q,,cllo,niliwc.La-61tadiCapo,,:tso,dwa.-e,,1poN101llapenliladiCfflllMÌlldinui),IIWI di..om,ai.-=-,milnparirie.,,..,.,..1,_,_;...;.,, ~ . , i r • pcr 11 pt'lffll ....... dall'iaido dc! waflillo <kJ lffnlOnO ..........ic, KCc:111116 l'ìnlluo:olo ... Mll"*"l ... pol>IQ*sli-.lloMi, nducffldo11Lterw:w,nm1elllp<IIMl'hlidi.......,.,... pcm,l...... 1-ctw..--.... 11-..:-dal p.waw,S........... Sec,llmhcafft>:'al1m nsvolb p(>fllJ"1 ~la d o , - d, ,rprovi11e•linarc l a - · - della pcm, 11al- e
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lladoslio. M1lpadocib.cnom>NdliNOctoc ilfllPPl)t1uln llaliaed1llclllinmli.-dlhc pfllpocltO ...... ......,d, porilL I.a .:ella dcl !ilolu1.aO..,,.,, di C ........ h l " " " ~ ...... pn,C,Ì,LI IIC 11
a;IIUda .Jl'inlcmo dol .....,. politiar. Il pm<*I 1'11$.i7, infatti, fii <GMOlalO da 1.11111 n,nti,......,._lninmdopolilicocmilillff Scnria:nodelpcriododellallCW'llliù, infaui, il munclo policico-.- lo pida dol pmcaao dcd,...,.,..lc che iuwo all'illlencneo. p,oprio • ,-titt daM'i•..- il, ptm, lo tcOt'llro In ùodomo e i •., PraiJmlidc!C001$111lioc1van Mdlistri~•-1C111dirofflllallc. U.,-.:,.,1 qiqlclÌIO\~qualionidipoliloca"""""'•qwllcd,pol,ùC:11--.inlaajp•llnO poai111llllziona!i, polilicicmiliuri.il 111110ll'ricdlilo.-ll'..,,.,.,ano111:n,,dalk
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1injp,li mini.ui II o.t....,ii .,ililari. A .....uanì '7W1'1. po,, duo,.;.;..,; WllnpJl(>lle che ai conliunlr,mmac,lladeli111itazimedcllc~hc•ktcd'infhoi:tuea.O.W1lalouamoado poli,icochc rivcndiava Il -111 dell'fflffllg in.,.... e, quindi, la volooLi di n<lf\C'ÌlaR' un C<Nllrollolia111llapolilica....,. ......11 a c ~ d ollcop,;naunimi!Mic.dall'lllrll, U11COIN!ldo~ chc. almsl,cmln1ctocall""Cf90.>..,.._.oio~,;,,,mp,.111diil ionlc inaml0c klm~ li RrJÌOaocn:iw 11111i sliMnlmenli pcr c.msq11in: la , ·il.......,, llffl1:I ak'\I,... ~ . a nrilc opcnao,N. Ehtimc, 111nmiK odq- del 1\117 e della 1<onfi111di~11111oip,tlican:.conlo..,..;~di<:,,dun.,wn0iazllla1uida doll'Eom:1to,proprioqu,ol~ad11i.-,.UdelLli1...m""'U1qualcin,pponi tnomondopolilico c mili11n:flirono.,.."'"'21111 d l ~illl c • ...._.·a1tm. daun ,,......,...ooat,..U.,J.,i,,'fll<ipulioici ...ir~di..-,:llimililari, l'rupriopcrllolcnklll',:,, l'•tier,,;io,,e dì Cadcima ha <011i11tito -drali demmti ,-i11e11•h del conwpo Un'IIIIC!IÒIIIIC che ha 1,u1o l'obiictii,.., di rilcgm, Cadomo sW 11'11 ""''"'""'· cerando di
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e<>lko<:a,lc,n,:ll'li,"" p,ilillreM'llf*l't, ...,..ffll!IO.d,~17;,- 1IIUOopcnloDCI f1Crilldollori.vi• t llioiUOW1ad...,.......,. lnlal-.tefflffllOunpen<""'111ion>lk,1"Ù puliedricodi..,.,....t...-c,..,..__, _ ~m,tJion.-,,.lithc l' llaJiallbb.. maia>'Ulocchclltwnrn-.dlr-, a pori"""&liahriwlllci.alìct1n,pri, U1111 Kclla. dufll!IIC, quello del perioda 191$-17 e della fi...,. di Ca,J,:,ru d1c ~wk indicare un nu(W(I ,api,roccio l"""'lfflalÌYO llla Gnade pcmi; apfYOCrio cbc ln>Vi le .... fondamenti rw:I - d e i f'IJIJl(lrto inlnMnonlli in h11lia e alleali e ac,llo lllildifìa dollc n:lazioni In venici poliliori t milìlari ul'ÌlllffllO ddl"cd16ao dollo SC.IO libcnk. QlleSIO,'Ol....,,quiadi,wokcam=uaeoolribulualdibaltilOll<lriopaf,collllloCnndc 11uonn;unconaibMocbc11tllac,.,nlillldrJliinlen'ftbcMlladì~-,bòltddqli
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SALANDRA, SALANDRA E... GLI ALTRI Federico Lucarini ll11IOloo~llo11aNINicwe-nelpenodoòtllaneulrlliliueollllac1no:oild11.IOI\III&, diq...,11a.....uiewi1iia-..dclk 1n1111ivc.:w.•iducllclualln...,1i.dcll"CS11RU1inJUfflll c n,:lkmodlliùodicondo1111idwnllit10- ... ...i,_"'Ìl*m0Mcllc111q111:llo"a.&emo" • il pmidifflu, del Conai11io~ inoonlfaqie oonf"R!IIIW11 con diYttJickmm1i, p(rlo meno ml plll'IOpolmco, nonchll! 111 (llldlodcli. cOlidllçua "opaiolw: ~iça.M. Una -Ila, dll*1tfflia.denab.....,..dMl!bw>cblr.--~kma,•lual. dati.<'Otiapr..,.,Cll chcll~1-ulvopo,;hccra,.,cucrlc,ni.cllcetam1ntraro0in~- ba10fTcrmMo .. p,,,pruoaam,.oone .,..__, Kuni di IIIÌ pnricwd...,•>pnlMIG: il ,_..pdolll nao1nlit.i111"mtra111 inp,cm,; lacadulldcl noinmu praieclulodal~.,..Jiac nd &iupoclcl 1916'. Uu......,.. ntton..laC.tlad«~ d i - le ri,oen,he e la we<:a,M,-. n.arnricne quali ~ a illl ftl""'dì Salanih e, in pano di Sonnino, f,~pe< che n e ~ kclecillioni cii rvoloo:hc,·i o:bbt:wpen,81U.ic1YVC111,ncnricer,o:,dimaa,ior,eo"'i"""'rile\-.nuc..--,..,.l:l'l)ld'O' ..... 1ì,..,.como:qucllacl1clÌ im.11111•-.a f'alanofln«lli IICl-clcl 1914 SÌprcsUVlldi pnKslcQ.l (\lOh: il protaa,;inistldi ~le vimicit-ift f'ad__, il S lprile) -
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ann d 1 ~.1apoai-,-1eu.. <111 1top11d"haloa - 1nm11c o1 00fflll!UCM0ditllap10 -ru.,..,lladrllaneutn1lolllMM>Ml...ia.,fn>MideiM~iormaibcll~ ·. l:ppun,-,:onw,:lllavvfflilomol10hene8runolloViFtti.-k'pndo11lee-enu1aliliolloJalJlfliodtlro,,l'li111:> - lltlllla'dl-diol1914Salaindninrnlla """"-""P-lapoa1ibihUdi1Cn"inidelllmau-1ìolinoanainl'ar1amenloper1en1an: lii anrc ua"alleruti,,. ritpcao llkdil'l:ffrici pol~del pmr,rio ~ ,. Ceno. to11 n,ru, poool,ilili. Emilio (i,,alile Ira aca.,nWo a pct0 cca:uivo alk 111llenDllni - ' ~ - ' Conoia.lio• dilìomino (primlc.....,,.1,,_1e4<:,pochc quea"uhimodi,"fflM.lltl~ddl914.il~-diS...G1uliannallaC-ltal diadollan: ..... ~Pft'CÌN,cbea.........,all*<'dirien,r,in:dicon1enuti rnoli lalònnullonnicllll'lpftlltin*lla"""-potiriail'WOUle".roslwmccn9Ull formu1aada Salandra•. E'1ltn::slYU'OMfflikche-andudo.U.riterca diindi,i.11e-dia.,rcntiche Pf'l"<'.•l-sino11~*11914 - - p,,)lcron0 t /ilgire•ll'opomonepubblicap1ÌI
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pcrSalanch,;.1111.,....,.. ., i,.-pancil,;oo,trario.anchc .. PUL.•II• ..... .,_,.;, .......,. Del l"l'IIIO. ~ pmidaik ,Id c-i&loo ~ wa il diml:m e l"allaipll
KÌ<U1froollidriaollqhii-tarn-ari1ll"UM>luta--· difflll*>I O<llllcliir"1.e ~,:1,e.,...r-.,._,,pm1on1iMndolld1tp,anc d'llalia. ... -•11elinM1 i,cr «w,iividm! . . . ~dq,ulM,,diM.-.,mlieche . d"1Mlpanc . dilf"'"""""ftllnllndal collep MlftÌftl,ilq•lc-..arqol,,iC0111a11.iq,i,lolaioo,,o.t,ric,lcO'A ~.
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l'.sli-chc,clclnesi0.di-dllmill....,cits~Affari&l,ri.~""'-Wldi1tt111 nelJÒl!pocltl l916 -i.i " ' * " " ~ - •n ·auohrlai11eapo,rili ddl'eKCUlÌ>'O d1 pmpapr,claN.11e1paacltll'l- , l e .......icllr............,lpÌMll l' l11li11dentnn:,wl wnlliaoeche . . Hrdiben:IJuidok>.moqp,ilo. r allÌYiùdiplonwic.oelca,.oonibellidoe. Quu,do1aò11ogiunpcheSonamo - con~lra5cOoffn:cltllc1eth1111Mtclt,mesi ~ ............ """'lftpiù ~ 1111 ..,....lche1-pnrwo1ll.oflm11cltl
roi.idck110huodi Londrl,lmlffldodiip,onrc...,.io.-..~11111 o ~ clria.kani. 11mttio dllla pri111,ffl1dd l916, ..... ~ll,p11VCttlllldo~.... «caaiV<1indd,,:iluni:nlOcltll"A.......·Unpcnlll'Clll.o ............._c1tl pu1tllwuni 1uniononCroana.pu1ecltllaDlln,ui.o. llCnleSabil i1111,qnodt&liMlvi del lUd).il f'll.......... appar<comp1cto.Noaaa. d1f.ai.pmaibilc.in ... conftitto-p,balc,· -qye11o che ffl c1ef1aan1t, nell'- citi 1914, pnmo ddl'inlervfflu dep Sllli Unili neir..,.;lcdd 19 17 ccltll'..-ia,;;c,ne clriquaoordici punri. l'M smnoio ddr....,
•'fle'IO-
sepcnic,dll~~w~-.rilrcl-,i"""perra.._H,~dd'"illm! tS')ÌlfflO- dimNria!1111andri111".
•-•cavalloddacondoannoddlcopcnrionihcllictM:•ivarim>l1i,la1illlarionc tvohev1r-i,i<lafflmR.llCllil coi1YOlp,lenl,c,dilllJfflCn:llipa,esl.F.ppul\'il~del C()IIIÌJlio, Il miftiwo q li Affari~ il CIP<>di 9WO mogiore L•i&i Caei,..,. e lu . - . minillm ckllc Colonie - ..-·wllimo""" 111 piii il citi p;boklinÌIIIIO e
J,:,l1"i~ - ,:r-,convin1idipo1erman&cnm:11n1oondonaJK>litic.o......,i111. EìlCJIIIUl'C,per'l"Mlonpanll,1 laFl'lneil. S1 ~p(lQIIO.ll-p11r7.i1hnmte. r-,1aedi •-UÌlmfflllldell.oclaRJK>IÌDCltddlcal'"~mililmi t1Dp111mmodopo
lc-itfmaclcl l'JL71"J,articolan,., 10ca""' od ""........,..io"°'°'*""i1lcllnWI t l"'bbliciwo d'Olualpe JwliNt..cuitt-fonuiot\'<Wl l907tpmide<v.Jiftoal1'11•. dell'/,uti,w/~d,fi,m,c.f•IIOUKaMartinila~~IIIClf*ÌÙ dìplomatu e ~ cltY"ltalil di p•o11111M'ett la pvpria "immlJiK• .,._ Jli lllnli t ncllcopi1iunipwbblii.:hc p i ù ~ i tanivc clrivaripcoi. D'llln~ la 11CCll1 di_dic:• ._..pianallac.enn-a ---"""-'Ma..LlllljlOIIOl9[b_llpblncllo IIWOlll.lc prnicdu&o dall'anziano- ~pttholu Hmclli • La dice lunp ...11c-1..
chc...S..._m11urandDdopar11cdidli~1PalauolJruchi.m,,~IOnclle
arnpic11111>:ecltll• Corsu.....
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lfùhcazollcn1,"CV11..._C _ _ila...,;,,,pw11Co1a,cpcr~~lklk-
lM1IUDO!li. del...,__,.,.,.. ..... capacil1c lo -ull\ln..l!~iòlftçM1~del faM - rile.-..1.,KUIOcpm'-io..,...ilo,ediq,,,ejl*:ICeomc~A.-òo llorJle,e• .ollaYitilladell&caduta,klleCO.tll)p·-pA9iedollo·Saland,a - cheli r- p,odoan.wsJì_i.,._,...., .. toaftiuo.•~iDYffldtl . . . lÌp<Mn"MO OMen1areconclliaran..,._l,_illvol..ii~•n.-kKINao_,,,,.,..,.... ~IOCI -diel...loJlanf;ioidali,ucodi:::!l&ffl'd!Nl~~itoepo.-.riuc
cinp1nlcmpo,._.__._,~••aoafio-.i.-•.
Oclruoo, rellnllflOOdi~-·...........,•8criiao, onwi1~•....,;di di- d a l hopodtl 1914.-,l'Ml>Rao d i -·----··-'*poQIIO(for. ar,çhe6'.wlolo) lbranal.,,._diL9C'fflll&poNibiliàdi.......,inltt«Clloide<'lloJic ..,_nilldlc,aeailiimpullo...,di 1,oi,n., .. ; ut,ieui~i oanbooitial wP--paruto~henlocM Mancllalardlo,,....._.del 1916c1I".....,._,.._. .kll"111a1:a>Jcll'c:,ctti1,;, _....,_d,c1~fdlbc ì••·ali1o> rallopaao di Ja ricora,do ........ ec1.-naco.,ibenll.ismoazioMle~ .~,....9Ul,iloflli-blolllY11
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d'" " " " " ' c ~ - q , , , e l - d d l"Ntivià dcl.-modiel"1'dlbc....._, .-itolinel'- , - -, owc,o-potiliao .-.. • ...,_ ....,........ F.olt"""' chepobimMdcll"lalia• ... ,-..cqucll, d!llaTriplitc l_(...,_Londnot
~cpoi~)GMO;.,..,_,.panc~. ~laprimalipgncno:,,oak fillcqucllOdi~tdiJltalfia,Ml'A-.a.~--.,lo...,.,..1,_ -IIXlpOlflldlodil<'hila.... , a:mcnna... -;1&muco6dlafribo.aw OliildoMalltOdi · l a ~" .
M.atenelmarmdell916 • ndl'ambilodeldiwtiioallaCamcnA1l'olil""'«-""' , Polit>C'O di IIW"" • S..boldrl ~ di ,,,pdl#s, l lla ....,....mii.i.,..; oolletlfli o.ti
-1cncn:cbciprovvcdiMmlipropo11idallllOllaloCl'0111'~dcll'..,la"°" cnnoaff111000MC01110n1ncit.ocheij_,.,_lab1vrdibcmclo\lUIO~•we di la -....u; ... LÒ&à<- d i ~ · ; la lidu,<ia·. qli ,.,.,...;... predo d, qi,ell'in9imM di ~ 1 di .....,pilli ""' ~ dello piil ..,.,.._ I n rlfcw, mm1n 11 ... obilitànr1r.._di111~rap,ne-1opom,... 11011C11tT1:lal*l'OOWlc . ..,_;,..,......•_Jeo.iolp,ala ... - i kl 1U110e>·idcnlc...•.di-CNmun c_,,_,...,1nn,olOlldo.ll~lfflUI011rilapmnll-didloe-,iprin,,:&. con l'IQ.irafflffllOdebpr-.i~coneolidlu..t1m..k.ndo.NIOffllll .. Rc 11 Sonni11<>,lcPf""P11,..,Jrihrlln-,ne,,....,.. r1noquMiunrivokuioonorio•. Proprio comcldicN,o. lllr,rd,é~chcpcrlaC-.qwlloona,no-cnunconftim ~ -. bcnll""m,allCft·, 1cllcpcrdinprio'1"1lloCM..,...ivacnW1"°°'1anof'onc,, 1iaarodiot. che1D1abbia1 dlXllleftosni1iornoQNomO.tla-a-•. ~ l i i ~ il lnl""sJio ~ I s--W 1mpracmdihilc • per le I"*"""' ~ ; - di ...-..,di quc,l'-idcaddla.,an·.cbcr.-c;.'lorinill!IO l'll.ioo,c ikl prniikmeddC-1&Ho1del111inisln>dq.liAlfaiEMai,ncimi..,mnocmext0, ad 11M · ,...,.... cl.li,, i<l,,r• . dkinTrilhc """"'8 1ffiancoflo al in 101ht1, ir1a. li 1111,·1 n ~ . . - d i l kolepcr...,.._(-.ilo)d' .... oolaidca...,. Lodimo11rn1 sia if°"""""'cu,la_,,.,.<Albmi1imo1n1 ip.:,chicbc_.;- . - . . . , • ~ l i • ...iJ ffll&IÌlll' ...... llo<'OllilC..,.,dilUIIO ffll&CÌOr' ùdoma (cht a v e v a ~ Salanllrae SonnitlO ddl'q,ilclOdi ·imbecilli"'}. irrimeclilbihwn!delerioralou ... il........_. ..., laDpO"'. D'altrapu1e:.proin::,t'un111inlep.-cn:diS.::.i,,o 1diMlrullO•~idl Ricilard WdRt'-..,.,___l~llpllMlp)di· ·•llalimòmu*IP"tÀdt'*owiConsisloo ,dlilllkniia.t-cad!IPl'WR.,.,,.;k,soral,.).-•pruvM<>cn..,.,;kaliw.Cill - imon1.1vao;:on11ool111cileenillftlnlOinteetL1qoulellie-diOiolitti.perdivfllirequindiil ""°l'ffl""ÌlmolOIIÌIUlo.p,i l'-,o dd l' ~ia ..-dtllapalril.("CN.1oolactlml ,....,.__").\IOciva . ..,.., . <1111,.....,..,oo a11111l'incamarionediquc,ll'al11m1ti•, manc,ta. int..-.., di lnMbft ir, pnac-1 la formooladel '1ibmfumo IWMllllllc~ alle prae
pane,""'""
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BOSELU E CADORNA. DAUA STRAFEXPEDffiON A CAPORETTO
Sandro Rogarl 1,a..,..,1tlllClduladelpcmoSalan<hi a11rihuiualla$1nbpeditioncklfflllllP) 1!!111""1916'. l:llil"""'""'*'CM il p...,..Sai.oJra..,,viMulo insiml,;ooicolC-,,do mihiwc e cloe IMI diboonitopwlammca,c cn cmm.o che~ ICfttllivo di Sala,,dn di tu Clldoma la ~ t 1 1 à dd fallunet110 . . , I - • • ~ - " ' ° lotrropv, la..,. eadutl f u ~ . ln~lù.•mioa,·, ·iM>, illllOlivodiro..donn'a piil""l""motivarinN poli1iche. !;' 111r.ti cuidivlJibill:, _ ... w di l*'e, ,I &illdìtio dì Fttd,I\Mdo M"'1,ni, che Salan<hen<"aduto ptffM..., av"11 vollllOlfl'ln, il miniJICJO alla oompo,lffllc
ri•· -
<kll',nicrv- ~ ·. 1*111 proopct11n Jì MatiN .,..._. linea di Salandn an,jaw, ...,,;naallo! v,n~delm,1111,1er9,dal _ d , t la .... c o s i . m e ~ cnwl~...,..la.,._...,;.-dis.......,.Ma ...... ci,,,l<.-la~,..,cur,ou,&1 v1l111SV11l1-- ·-po1ibca1Salandn,,tndiffi,;ilmf:n1C1~kche il_.., l""Cffl011Mdoveu<l@dtttdi,.piùa,npio _ _ ~ladebol,eu,o..,.,..,, mil,..,.
bo,nolpolitiça,il frnnledd~alp_._.._......... .11arpw. Sem,,reo«onoo Martu11,1l-<kllanwlldilialilnch.llOlflMldal"'*>did\dooc:11dcl 161PIIJIIIO, .., l"'~......,QUe~RoKllt'IJ'l"ftl'accoppiNa~.....i' Pre\·allt
l'upzioac..,..im..-aioinWIIIÌnuÌlà,'f"U'di.....-ftdoMkklo,poaizjonidic,;,iom che, oome Sennino, ~ v a M . IOpnlltllllO aali ocdu cq:li alleali, la wiel.o 6e&li oa:ooli IOIIOlloCritti. En n ~ CM in quel....,.._ politioo, w rahcru1in ronw prffffllal&da Mart,nocnctlOfflla, lalCOlldan'n!bhea,mporU,10 11111mn11n dnuica, """"'nuuo nqlì indirim di l"'lilica eMen che dllt'. .u.u in ,urm, tnn0 QCNACIW ,:o11
lcpo&izi,o,,idiSonnino.l1"""'"-di~rioc-ckvaià,,>11edi.,....,di Vnklrio E , - k Qrlar,do dir dal mniwm di Grui,o e Qill$IÌZÌI
i-911
dio;....,....<lr1i:N,itopri,na .,,Jlnftri,,, dollo-S.landra. l:tll 111111 apc,t\lta
-,ti l nl<'ffli,
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dal momenll>Chc a un H 1,olllllano \"ffll"11 <i.io..., ffllt"ilfro ".,.; J"OO~l'Ìtf'dlO a,li Etleri1cn1ii<>dl,S...O,_d,li::ir1,:~p,lilin t oupnlllutludi p,11111.lllchcl·lll'di,..
intçrr,o~----~inpolitiche~iwt.,.,,.np,lrdo\lffSO
Orlando"_,..,
r o r i - ~ 'IOCialitta. ntlla p o 1 - di dli. ÌII qualilt cli minillro del i,onmo che 1...:va port.llO l'llal11 •• para. - 11 era eap»1U III pooi:rion, DNlnlh>W. ~ - , , , . . . , . - - ~ M l - 1 9 . J t , , , . . n . 2 ' 7. l O.MAU111'..._C_ _ _ _ ,.,,,.i,19. .., , • .. . . _ . ,, .. . - . 11. VIOl-7.7.lj,
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f MAIUINt. - lfl#-191,.0. l>f.ltOSA!u,n • ~ ~ M i _ ! , _ , , , 7)9
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SANDRO ROGARI pur pnn·rwndo cli ambiffll1 ,;oi,..... u ... line,, ambip. lUIQlll!. ml! nd Jiupll 1916
poleYaeMCn:..,..pnlaaftl'l;..di..,minlilm>polìlicodir,ri.,..pandt:r.za""""'Jli lniemi. ma che ..-.:<n mMk>'I ; ~ ; . , . l"-.àone ddll l"micknn llcl DDnli1lio. lnolttt.il lOdo<kll.oquni,._polÌ1Ìcacmiliun:11a... ndlapennancntco«illwoncckiJli equilibri m ~.....-e ;1.._..ic.4,c......._~ ... ""°ci..e SaJMdnotn ~ u c l l e pcrl",~iùldiff'l>Wttll""'1i1U1WIC1C.........,• .,....~cpurntfldrlnc...i,iK,
1 · ~.coa
Bol,cl1i c.iom. ... COln'inlodi ck,mom-,, .._i11i'. In mol..,tc ~~~pcr~prnldmle:6r!Comi1li,),-locnpn-il COl'llml,,_...1ec1c11c iclmorl, fn, il ,cwcmo e il ronWldo mili._., di Ud_, dlc vmiv1 a,,,a&,..,.,,.i,,.; ron'lt
.n ronlNl ..,.,..mo na:,;,nnaie,
_ , . . . . . . , _ NICMfibolc
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dallo . _ tloleUi li 1n11r111 di H ~ di narionak. onrnpru,ivo andie di colorochc,purf-..oo-inn,tnli,u,1,1ttMM1 dodM-1d1'f'ONboh1 a,ll1honrc1llo 1forzonazionalo,m1IKAKc-. l:nnou,,lusiilOl'ialiMtchf:. Mln'ia.1lmenocomc""""° part.mmurenlllaM\._mk~ , 111 funnulacon1M1cll l.a:l:l;wt.""'adcrittno!tabotltt-. Scwn6o ~ ripona10 di M~nim, ~ l i 1....tibr dtclol e rip,:t,,lo • Salandni, ~i.ali
l*<)lc, chc: ~ ip:,wn,o....;oulc: . , . _ mindiioema. Ml lovo,IÌllflO._ chtd ~ farc7'. Tut1:1via,itlcon1~delrinlertocwlft.Sa!Mdn"""""°chtrn-• dimclleni.c't dldubi1a1edo::le~iarazion1di8oocll1~al1111>pau.Ìm). comunq...., 11011~"llllOallc..,.pubblicMdichiarv.ooa1e1""""Ekltelliprac,r,iò
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~&l~dieadurmcdalquk..-MMiC9Ci.ihlni ,;,okwodlc•vevtn0 m tic-Moil C<lfflMdo miliuni. """"a,a-.....i,_,..,v.-cmo,pemw, 1,1,uoi,,tia l'fOW.,.. Ferri mop,a·q:&fflle......,, •«-biuM dcl Mtcb;onocol .,...lc nepn LI liduria&lminiAm>.diccnc•-caa,1coavo;il M- - ~ , . . " " MinlSlffll dilnMi,.._,,". l ncffrai, LltiquiduionodiùdorMi--i,oooincMfflnCC01LI
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cadMcadiBo,,,,llinei1l(WIIÌdiCaporct10,1U_ • _di.....,. ~ ...... dell' ~ llcllal'm~• *' ronliglio .. fflrlODOncdì c ........, •. QùMli nppracm..: Uo,..,Jtiçomc ~ d i ~ - - - l i • ~ p,qpima. U-.ondamiriale<TiundiFerrittach,: dlll-dleSalandracSonnino n~oprn1<1i11lfflllioal.Ll~.adiS.-iM• ..,.,.,..,"1liF.-i.nel_,.n,ninl,_... dimi.nnchc-c"naionourioncaell'....t,ilofflltidedttl.lpc,litiatstcrL..Comt.più di WII0.1\1 il "'°'1IO * I l ' ~ SoN!ino7 Ma fil l'onorevole o.;,.c11, libero ncNa1«lla?oo"11oinua,·a,anpn,Giaoomofcrri. o·..1npw1c...wa11ro-1c.quc11o, r..,....,c1c1milltllem, r <11. MolinaCC01nlidl,,. l11eidil'ffl'iqu,ndoin""*',pecu~dU\"&doe.,..,·q1;_.._ .. fidu,ei11 Salandrail l61"'C"O_..,, ...awio.... 1aMv1 1 ~Hi per Ll "'3111i110111.idcl mi11~. 1no11re. JOIIOlinaon compilci""' dlc il neo prnidcncc dici Consiglio 1i en affÌ'\"ftale) W tnvi..., • Cadonw.., ..,..,.,_ di plauto". J - . il mini- li ~ v a JUl:,,1u
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d1d aillulìco Meda, che udova a çop,rr il ....,illcro delle Fìnanzs; dal IUCalc Saxhi, deai....., al minia.mdi cmma e Oim1ÌLÌII; dal polilliaao Colooinu. alle Colonie,, e dal l'Micalcfmallcl'ollc,ln(tllrrAr1oilllellainni,mivano-,ti.....,.port1fo&!io.La ~ cnoc,llle, P" il pct(I citi minklcm e Jtff la . . . . -~d p,llria che lo oopn.... eniqucllo dì0rlando.m1abbiamoml0d1'csti"'*'.. ,l'rurwc r ........,ilirappracn1aa daJlae()ftl1n,11d~pra,ent.1•l ..,...emoSalandn. l• rnld,'fl'"U.,. la V f f l l ~ poll1ìcaddPffi10 Ros,clli,...chc,•llllli~ l' allfflQllnt 1i11 Biuolatic "'l""' ICO!Mm am CaclomL Orlaadu mo ck..io di.,...,._~ dlii NOio d• n,,anlM,a,11, 1 """Ilo di l'llinisllro delt' llllcfflO e ~ ,..ii,.. ..,. mai,,_'fia incan,;bccn111: rana di unJloepubblicoc diwno.....,.,.._"pn!plpaOl_,,ff'IM~andlc&a1toldabc~ ne fat'e'>.. d n m -l1arediC...,,,..,NCOl1C110.lan'!Mldeie<:1111ifinale1,.._qund<; il C<,mandan111:""""""',,.,,_di 111, ibu,.., al cedìmonlO....,....dcllc lrllf!l)< c alla ~ tovvmi,.. il clÌalU'O diCapo,dl<>,mmln:lccauae......opmllmenlc mìlilMi".
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ricqu1litn,·1polll11:""""'*ilm11-nspenoal~""'piil,..H'ÌJllmlll""'cho nella IOOUILZI. Sono qucuo profilo. ali - , ini th,.a,·c ,:nnc, Riunlali e Comandin1, olin: che Bonomi, <bli1111ioai Lawon l"ubblic,i.""' ,opralllltlO it prn,oche,eomc ...,..,.,.. nel l<IOV..,,,,,,,li,iro,lio.,.,,.._iulodì--la~dìoolJe....-,ddllttll,...,..,ool
comando d,Cadoma'". f.'1"icamine,......,.;pnm,cor,u,...;c..,he 1prim,(Pllipc,- ilgo,'Cfl'O.AP1"'na-,,,1a lacwka.81!,tobl:, s, m.-òal f....,1<..l'Jobabii-le...,inlmlionimmoooluquclkdi r a - . il NOio Jirlla pullOO.; ......,ffl>IIIJ l»llc compclfflllr 1eet1icv del Comando, oltrr che ccrcan, di milipre i "I"" drila dùt•phaa impo&ll da CadomL Soao qu,MO 1'.,Klne d1 BiMolati fudd hll10i11efficac,o, U• -po~ lardi. nei iu&LIO 1911 l!is9olali ..,;,.-l, a vanlarli d i · - ronviMOC......... in CHO di oed,......... mitiw.,, 1fucilatt oolo"i piùiadizialJ-,-..:prima>1sn.. 1"p,-.i dclladcun•rion,einllit11 coriMW1eg10. l1rnld, UIUOlari-mn.....,IOadOUfflere~lf,IQJIO.pncWcolldi ,cri;... 'l'IM'IOOJ'fflaprimavnlta.amcittolan!clrl ?Ollqjl10 l'Jl71i ç.-,..,,di,C-.k,m,,..,riw,11,...,b,.,...,·a lnli.ttil ioO&Jllo Mro,,c~ l l f f l l l > I.... Q11tr.dl,Ll,ev-na onlerVftUla1""dÌ>'cnodinamicllC..cl.,,,.tll--,,,·cr,,"°Jftl!UIIO al r.u., che, dopo.I l'off~,.-. del ffllUKI. 111 1iucno &I• ...uia,:i a,cv""" riconqui>llloJ Mie ~lem!Wft<l'l~ICdaJLI Uban1ad"" prrno1llOU1rnoequ11\CIICadorna1v-
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1.,.,.. pmoN lllfhit Rotclli ,i,:,oncludt liOlo•dimatnwa il.__, Doimcconwmpltlo c«liffllCIIIO di Biuc>llti. I moc,., dcll'mlilil:à di C...... •eno Bi.olùi IYnWIO di.._ ,,n1iftc. llP'ÌfflOdenva•-.dalr.....ciwp,s.11nc1n.00fflelobhmrnoviMo.••ev1Jlft)\'M<I• ,,ll'IIO(WfflOci.lCOftllnOlo..()uindiil.,...._lcvivn•inuadimadi-.peaotiti.pc:<inanenlC
vcnoiLpnno1i""" .....islriche..uazialmetnod1optt>21Y11. ll _..,moc,..oera chcCadorna""""°'Ulndclll vok,al:à d1 Rislolatid1 •w:rk>-.tìllliwoolp,ncn,lcCllprilo
1n,·1nùdcilol'o"""'°"11epmi-.cl". l'fflllllaNflOIUilComondu~IUpfflOO s i ~ p e r , _ i l ~ c . , , r i l u
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in1111 ldtpa,NN,da ltilfOIMi,che r.. knuin pubbhoodJ IM<lli 1Torùlo". l'IOOffll-padincbr 1-,;oubonllnaa•,·- ,;,""'°"'i p11bbli,;ipe,,;t,ém,conv,n10 c,ipreuo
chc Q""*"'indi:bul~ Llk,,uMlbotd,nuionct.JComandocbxt.lÌnll:nllva1nchcap:luoic p<t'l<Nlollie11monchcpol(ureMCl'C'-Pl'fn~. La lm - w c . . . . _ h1.dunifu,...... lladid1--~ noolopolilioodi IM(l111Qre1 Rilloll1i. ~ <:01Mw,ic,,,1MO...,,~>lminòWoJclLI O.O,,,.il ~Monont.cdidiilp'.lrff 1·...,kuionedol1':occeuoal ~ d i Mli i m111ÌIUI" . Lo a,.,,;.,,,1ro. pmdw ..,,..,~ do Bmului ad.., Oiuiu", nuiumi: ,1 di..-,,,
quandoa....llifwC<ISU'ffl01~i•prin-.,.._ooncfldotM,-.:hcf""""" m....-wnin:iln:. pe,d11cdcf111dora:abedo1M111...,_;lffl0clie"l"t"tlbc-potulQ1wrt OOfllO a>MqUCft4 le dìllUMioni dd
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ll caollouhetdl\·mne l",ncldenledlpctt<ll'IOdWCOllnnleH1_...,1 p,qanial ,oltn:di Cado>rna. llcuo.!-.. ll coloaadlollu,,h,;t1...,..1~ u n - i l k fonemenie ,;:rmeo ,,_ i."'"'lqio dd C<lmlnllo aa,cnlcchc • ,.,......i,.., 19 11,1,,....1 "°'"""l"'IOIGattanoMooo,s.lij~de[
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,.... d,uaman:doctrolcqi11Meconw,-~. lk*"~,1:1,,.....lifwono""H"111p>,C<Mffffli1ldl.....,., ...11cp1111izio111delCOfflllldo. NddibMtiW>F*lami;:n11n, d1diccmlftwlLI011U1Zioncbdloca-llq,1e11"*.WVlllnllll1UIIUldoll'un. O.:t"dia:
(ì;uffrwladle•-doJillloMo.cllpn~fànolalon:dd--". Mooc•pm91) bncdidmllnilUbòlodichianoldo:orio llCONÌ&li,,iilcolonllclloDouhd.elollCClllidiai ~ ~ d a ~ il lDtfflOl\llc:...((._)ec:ancM)ionpli,:~_,aJiaw, d1dllrlo1chi....-". lnrakl-lo1ve>111C0111i1lilw,lllprmcbloemcumdo:,ia '*'-Pff!IOÌ.1 ..... clin:.pffllffloorlOlnO-. A~,-io.il Pffl!Oen<'Ola"<"tlO lld-.-poairio,n,e.:o,olllftQdlblìpadipmldm,lc:dtuMelll'l'*llOKrillOdll cok:,nn,dlo. Com. nconla Man:elloSolm ...,... tue .w......n.. Dooohd fu condaaaMo ad,. annoe l"OCCIMONIOV! pn - o p i - ..... 11ot1.,.._ di am:Ìla"Cuaronlnlllo polmoofllll"opc,audiCadoma... A..-....,iollpa,tiu,dèlComudo-llistolaliP"')-idennictoi-ùpi-., dlequcMidiiv-,.lllldirin""'pwodt ...-dìCadoraa,r--a,qnndmdofwl ili fondod,cSoftnillO. il 1110c-.1Wepol,1ocodoWroil lt""'CfflO.~bu d,,ll"aMC CtlfMM. NoJII ICMO,ldicelnll\'c ti ,m~ ... poltrlZiale<ffli di i,ovcno proprio in1om11diW-.,. m1l~ l•lilMai. t-che-..lmlolltielUIIO l'i,_..-mùsiuu dotmom,111copu,11a..-a111 d,IIICll~dell"A--.SonninoA illuckvadella-pouibile topnniwnn, al lcrminedèl oonlli.o in (~ d i cqui~brio nel muro Wl'OJIII. En la -~ · -ddllpoliiifacwnilaliM&cherialMlaCaare Balbo ccheeninc:onciliabilc: «lftq,i,tllodclllsi11,,.,.~c~otodlc.ù«-lnrio......... ~ ndpnnd.,1odillAZional11àcoulpunm11rich...,.....,ùmqiNcrodiMa,.rini. A di.,m,tn li pc.e l o ~ - di IOlleci~ 1"111110 dqb alleati qlo hntai pn IYÌl~-rnauioebtmnlucMOftil:Mi>-.dlec.-.lpiaelfondo l"l lieMnpifldcllole della co.iìà.,n,: dqli l"'l'ffl """1>11. l"AIOICria. lf'PldO, e che ddcnn,_,c le aorti finlli tkllalJllffla-L"_di..,..___:n'ldlk.,..._.,~fflOla~dil.ubilna,ma irw.:D11tn'>MIMO, r .,..;1;udis,-,,,. 1n""'J,i,· l c : ~ di~ditep<,....,rn1111 ""°in1emeali,,va,,oilalilno. UCOffllndolnncacdaidcnvllnXnklllmicchc:la ........ foo1ill:V11UM1lfronlori_.._c1fUindi ... OMilc:1lfflld"fflfflffl!Odiln'l'l'CoulfivrM italiono". i;,. p,ÌI CM(IOllibilc: il ~ MUM!,a,. ma 1c: 1n<fllleue e i dubbi iniu1li a.rcbbo:ro1,.....,_inc......,.,acltàn:f.Um:llpmp,&U.Sccoado~fNlriod1ll1wollt1 ...,1i.c:anfnmniin1...1laaclitìnel916.Uoyd(iairp,a,·........,offrrml"11fl0Won11,lima paan1em<:011u.rd,l"inirialc:fimdcuadoC.......,.•. Poiill 7.,,......Cadonll 1nv;,,....,. ao1aincw,~)OOpc-nidl.,ljl..,.,.c<1110diVWON.1MOffllll• .,.,..II....,...,... frftkla d,d,,;ernbrc.. l"t111luhc11;11ieni~1111lfronlcl'ranccw" o,,..li-11,11;,1; ffll<'l'Wl't<fi'aCadotuc!ì<llwno,ttet....,_,_fdalO~,maHl$60lat1n111dN mortm: • Lloyd ~ I,, pn,n..- d1e ~ e.po c l i - macp.ff bnllmlCO Ruberuol! ,.........,VfflUIOinhalMOe:nm:ibcinlffloquito-Oidornaallarw-dcl1<>•'ff1IO
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U11-....lo.-ì..,dicnsicdipoaibile ....... drl.,..ffll0tricoll<.lueitliledi""°"' • lk>K..-V fra Somnino.do 1111 lalo. BiNolllti.. ix-ii cC-..dini, doll'111!,u,a liqllilu dclbpruclamll.Honc,dll p1111tdrl.-,ale Ferret0..,~di Souinn,clell'1111itàc dclbn:lipmdmn.clell'Alt,.,il10t1<1 l'qidllcla~llalilrlsi". l.acm1JICtll'Piail
71iua,,ol917cliroNVm11Miduepomì-.v~IIIDU>..1a11fl'icilllmmtodalf1t1ochc ,ll"ven,o,:n,11111<1-all'_.....,di...,•r.icr..irilc\,-. L"-...1Soono1nott11di nlUO\lfflÌOOO'lllCINlplen,~ilno.lffllllfflllm:tonlOdclproprioopcnlu
F.-M10Nnlall10p,i . .,c~..,Jdiballilo,.._dcldlC!fllhn,ncedmle C...,IIÌCl'llainthi!OOoolYOOOdifldlocia1lp'Cffll'r",l'11XUUp,IIS-WCcn-po,W1 oonwo Sonnino. • p,i d ' - .... ..,,,..a111io • Tunti. càc sii nnr-.., .. di 1n1m 11 ,,,.,,..,_0~111·-c1e11apropnapo1itiai. H<wllinn•difaoil fflllfflldichianndochc•ilmM><XlllcpcleaJiE,w,r,1KCqui.m11
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l '. - !...... Onoppari""dw~il p,csìdc,IICddCOOISiaJioetalUI01nformalodi"" •nodi1alerib..,.polot0ta.
AlçclllfOclellui.;001rO....,.di11110YO-q...aoncchc1nM1val'"ff'OMrlonc:clel lh,.,..dcmocnhco pen:k ......la• ~ , , . . l<lp<àttullOd.....,..,,....,d,c ledccioioo,, ,,lcYMfidi p.,1rucae11n11aMM>-m1ilalnaln1n111:dl S.-mo. 1- - o ul pu,,IU f>un NI oambÌllf) ....,Jla dopo .. a,duu di s.bndo'I. la mli ICtlllri ÌDn'ÌlabÌio: C IU11aYÌI "'"'""oupen1&,•lnlcno-.w-11r-cMSoNt,nndlichia,,v1di ..m: llnloc1pa1Uilduf-:<:ioal,-aiclmlo clelCorllia)oolallf:l'l~.,...,rl,bc1fu1P1u 1 IÌOklli•. F.t'Ofl!Un<IK.--"'>Sonniao,ll doc~cn1ÌII IMroolapolil,a, eo1endclpcmucpi,~.,.,........,;., 1inNdipn,..ipio.lnfffltllaniti fu....- pm:hc, pe<......,. etaula, la-lO!w..-ton l ' - d i BoocUi ov,d,belipiflcuoo.........,m,SoftninD,chcl'""'eVa~O ~oonla11niln 1......., llaR...,..loc<111Uldiriromp.)m:.,ru-nnochc-~p,•di""ilinazionalc. NftallllldelleQ~1tr.1pnlicah,lepm:ht1~~.ndriiolilol'hal11\'lln01tial ....i nvvemovrdlhc indctloluo1I ffoouo: .,.uno.q,,,lldi ,I pcnoJltolelh fuf-""Jlrlvvr•..,... ,.,_diltotlpi1111fPIOri,_...,ad,iloS!eboV111ono&n.n..:k Orlando.CMnn'II
--fffl;~coio.-• 11p,opno""'°""'1111..-...-~caklrgg:ia,·• 11..e1t11o>IIWCll'IC"'. T111ta,·111. il..,.....,.,.,~ llaillinum.........., indel!olito ~ è do...:NUDtàt1ooonclamalOdw1lprnoclcme clclt:oMiaho - è 11&ndodiesm,o1areUN le11clm1'11pralc llllla ~ ,.,,,,en,aUYI. Sopn>-..·Mf! ito .._di _Cldiu Ol!Ni 1nn<1,..iNa.,....,,to .. ,·~le~polìti<,hcper-Ml«fllionein1inc1
<'0Clla~dim,pm,o~cho1ilinp.to di""""""illan:laflducil e il IOlilqllO dd ~ d 1 c I l ~ c k l l ' - ma debole 8-ili non nevi sap.11<1~. D'llnpane, di.,_oncmeo.-wc-clleiapn,opfflivalladubdi RoJdMIVTtbbeliJICfl<llcpMe alla~Orbndo. 11dimopolibcDJONWRkpoi en~ncpri,onclla pnfflll,- n o - 19l7,dopod1Clicn-- llprimafdcllariYOkl>;imwr\ll.Me"°'"""'~~d""C.........,...,_;r~-a,nSor,niao, ~ .... di11a1inmilitan:cllle-- ddn.noilPwa..-.-. l'<lnoennolDlo...,..aiiafundati.a.lChlpm:WCNOfflll~va-,lld.-lNel.. 1Jla 1nM11CN1, 1n1 enno1nalonri dli vilgi di Dlulc. milwln:cle ~II Populod'ltlllil~ fG~diMl>NOliai1Ud.,....cdalkvoci~,dlC1rOY1....,Cffi!i10MChein (',iolini. Cil> do, ri1u1ta C'hiuu, dopo Il mai malamenie , . . _ del ai"lflO 1917, t cht lul1U ço,>1ilnpcr_1111CCCN_allll'raìdcnndd~p<l1favon,di0rwodooon1n1 il """kli-..o-.itis~~ddlaprn' - 1"tonn.,....,~e , ~Clllormlno-. 11 morivo di fOftClo dello en dM! l'inlerv-.ino dcl poliUiMO Orlando en ~ dubbio, tllk do di fto:eilca. pm:W Or'-'do li en......, ad ClNCtt "''"*"' clel pa.oSalandraq,aaAWIÌen .. iluJ,pM,}loKWll'Ofn,~ t -lnllisti lnol1re,1r11YOlu, deo,,à,al...,..dimin111roddl'~a,no..dJi,Ort.ndonon IVC'Vlrilfl"l'T"Ì,MO<:rilid,c.ill-,;iodiC....... edenilUIO~alk_,_dlt
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prova,,.._<111C..........,,....d1nonp<nep1..,a,nadquakrni-ildi•fa11i,rnu
intemocho,JCCondoCadoma.enali.....tuodaioocialisti. ln-1... la **siadiOrtando enqudladi...ie,,e.., ll rnodtrazioMdi T-. cdiT-...evitllndodi_..,il ,...groodà fo:rru uno il pon,w 1U1:ÌIIÌ!II. ,'KI mc~ 1,-m,t:,c ,ndddili". c..son.. AJlt"'I che.eo. O.lar>do ~ do:I C-.lio, 1a...,. flaplllt a1 Commdo ~llnit1tqu;indoq...,.....,......odwmlridiVfflittpi~,,.,.._pua6•ll'U11CCO. lli
J:1Up,o1917 farccap,t11n: 1&.dlì .... ldlnadipcAOIIÌmlidlcwnolapol,ti,çain&cfflldel p_.dlledcNion.iltll~di"""ldlemiJ:]iaiodi~--,;vi-. l '..IKOO taincnlricopnrhfwincidi:a,nkdì,n,..,,,;di8iMolali,Uononutc..m.r.diin,pn l'.tf.,., Albanil.. Sonbni 'l"IIÌ docci lia III diocpo politico con 11111 btn iwhiltwota rqia vo1a1tll't~ 1l.,..-mm. l.'~--pcrlc......,wanonipnm1noorcl:Mc. maqu,;,IIO-IÌ&nifklchtil_i.,..diondchol,..,Oriandc,...,.,vadl1vuili. ll l!p,lp,o pnltfft al nmpNM>dtl ,...._ che ha i....,;""""'' pii, lipificauvi ndll cm.riont del mll'IÌtltfOddk AmN e delle M1111.,.,..i, affldllo al Jtllft. lllllolio. p r i m a ~ e nella _,timonedcl p . M°'"*' ool &ffl, G-,d,.aoalll G_.. e l'ornm,rqhoCan,
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...,puw,,;.,,,;.....,;.,,,,. ..,.,...Ort.,,dndic,omc,1t1a"tm.1adibndie-,,_ , .,..,w;..i;... lnrealli,ll~ fu ....;dunel'in!<Cfprdalionc:deifauicheOrlandopropo1C-·ho olla Canlffll....;. che ••I mowimenlO di Turi.o orisi*" iftdubb<arnffllt dli,... effi,tli,·1 e11:lud...1 <>pÌ Ìpolal di CCft.lÌUR. ()uo:,,I,,.,..; ol _,.,,. OOII que-l ladt Comandono.f11t.1....,-=hciolro-11iodei Minooi. pcril qu11lc•1ntlaV11cli d..1Ìclfflzl d i pane,,.'°
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Ma.1nrukà.Jiunlo11Ct1Cfflt:n,Odando1....,.onna1~ w i ~ t c l 'MIIIOCO es.1,vochcllrC\'l~~diiJ*Onoon l1 ~ ,1 2&11ugnodelCom,1a1odci45 '""'""° dll Cicroni c con"" hel1 - d clladeslnaomiR1-•oalandrinochcchicdt>·1
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GUERRA E CICLI ECONOMIO Giuseppe DI Taranto, Rita Mascolo*
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la ri>"Ul\1,!l(O)C lflilc:,c, dio li"*"< dalll fi.. ckl Sfflo<:cnto I l ....,., d«CMio ,Id IIUOO Wl:ffSI.IW, fio r...,.,no ~ dilll'..,_c CS.,111 c1,m..-c1e1L1111XClliN•""l"ft•clollc1a:nd,edif........,nclodlt>rc~. l 1 nuoY1&,,;c:~fia,;an1~ d a ll'-mmilcdcllafflllCChinaav""°"'c l'" l!llio) 1,11llo ,viluppo dei - . ; e dclii uv,aaz,c,ni:, che n,,~ lii ~ ; . . ,k ll11iclmqia..dtll1mct11llwJ,aeddb inm;miii;a. ll çicloean.imicocu,ol....,ap,ce loJK(lflpW)dclll l"mu•&...,.. .._.....,v,1M1111pm<emodi""iluppoain ll l«onda iAIM'lriale d11: alfundo>11 le pn:,pric radio:• ,. 11m prubodl indor,na;,,one do:lk 1n:nnlotie.m1~noni:lll~ di Ol>O\'e fu.tidieatttia, d pmolio el'cleUricid. ch c ~ " " r i i e u M r -M lll pmdurti,,;gneimmpartitradilKlalli eialflllOI~ chcall'~nooo.......liv,:....,.....;c.,,,ch,mi<,ot....,....,t,,lìttòoo.°"""8~di 1Rnovv--tnm1n1..ellaeoaMldirttll«Gndl~ ioduluille,,;l,edifli:nvadalla r,nm1pcrlaotrmaa,nness,._ron 1a rimaocimtificaappliclb..in-,ePfima ddll50
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G IUSEPPE DI TARANTO. IUTA MASCOI.O
~cambwlwnlo~IIC!llmagiorpan,:clo,cllli,rnKanlnlodo-= l'f1'&"*1Chtanulalcai""l .......... f'mpio•f*'liredlqua.u....,11-•natt"" k:pmc~pnìwenonlCtClll'.1c1a;aolopchlell:aOlopcmodaliàdipn,dolrimc cwnuncio)a._..indi....,..lo:111Mnomio1Ciffllaedeconomia. Lcf.,.,di~aloontrano,hannon,IJKlnlO......,,~larard'uimc dcllo:"o,.~d'111,·--·.1·..._.,_dcilì,;dlidiHlvìtà-.lorid,.,w, prud..,...,..di...,ela~l'f'l'iW. ùw,.,.,,,._"'C•l"Oftll•Wc~ . . . . . i l. u,-.~1·~.pndle.1n,i,.1mc~.llttelcnnolo n~w,pp0cloll'nMlnad11Nok.ma-.Sfflmll,.,.,_~..... c r i l l d i - ~. doY\ole1ll·a1i.s-c1o11a~;gprodutl,.·1dunnlc,lp1.TMJd.,bdlioon..,c11o1.,..dla 1Ut'lkom1eaoodd,,;f..,i~dcll1produnoncinrundizionodipen.Ques1tcn1~pcn.,ò, -=..-,.,lalelldcn,adi......,all·iavcnioncdclciclo. ,_. pn,na r.... di dqnNiono (1115--69) f• ~ " • al blocca ......-..11: e 11111 R.,,..,...,_"°"'dopolopnn:napoleun1<ht. UNf•pm,,...,..dallacnnt..,..diocew, de, prnz, ..,.....,. <:Ile, ne, hanpl .-i dei ,:onff,ru. e dur111111c bo__,. di<! 1116-17. li.-.•llo parurolannmic, clo:,-.b. Ques&a ~ c h r II pml.....,.fiao•
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nd....,..,..., r.u11crior<nmlcag:r,,v1111dalla _,.,col!u111di"""'c1nn-..aolaopinu dclrau""""° dtlla popo1.a...._ e della donwom dql, nen:rn - e dtlll nduzionc di.ila pn:,durionrdiom.docJ1mant.na<CU.WOkmnuinf<rioreai!Mopidd-· ._. _......,_di..,,._(1117~-96)ebbe,ni00dopolall',lfffldi~clog~SUù Uniti.quelll~cahnconllillidi mi-.:n...,-..w,. EMI si iM.cl01UIII ~dd-dclbupc,di.chrpcnrnc•l,SUl,Un,1,d,C3f!O'WC•""""prudoai111i lllffl:.IIINNpn. .............1ta,·... p,ùoompet,\tYlnapclll>aqudhlocal1; 111laa,enlinalo ini:n:mcnl,,dclla~l'fl"Wl':.IOdallodiff.....,.,.,della~mdbslrw,1,:c,NICOn ..,.W>lll..perloope,,c:mi1,un.UMddlo:1WpiÌl~Ì_,..,..,,.foi1·~•1 oom;.,;.,ro1on,.1,: europeo .. ,....,...,., dell'Alno:• e doll',._ per la c:unquiRadi .....,..; mçrçau<11i,1,c,a;o.1.a11:n.ar.... c1,dq,rm,lonc,1 1<n1,J9)11dna1r,adoeaniddpnu., coafl,nomondoate. r,....111,1n11etM>ddlancorn·e n - d d l · - · dipa,,:e,dci..,_w, d1ri~1n,Ofdinc:llrimrrcaùn..urio.1op,a1NH0,di..,.1M,:n,c~ct.: 11...-ktlb-lomso<k-11929-ll".
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Si<l!.,_,_,.~di•--··•snpp;i&o" .top:r•dop,mpfflldò&uri faa:iamu11R"bo11Mwndd....,_«.,.._1«1da~11iìnimico. - . C01J• ...t; YÌW,,:Ì!l ... pw,:,llltOdÌ~.IOIICtd1-pmch,lt1"0del 110\~., t d o , _ dialinpm, r - i a ,. - cvmc n,_, cin:<ii.--c • ~.. ..., dall'eronomill di 1vot""9()........,l«tl.,.c~pn><Ml,.,,._,-.riab,lo. l"cr...-.mwvanonc pcrSchumpcln-idipnM!rill:>-.i1tlo11udiotl'-Ji11dealitquili1,rid,ci15........ pM11D81<1! ,....,._ "'*"ifkac bo-·= ·- chr l'rqaolil1no .....,_,. con
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l',ntmdurlonc:di,ono>v.H)tli:n•.,,..~ril~ilmel<ldodclla.,.,_,.,..elladlo og1i1·...1,.. <11_"'"COflll*lill ". ~ IC9JNtali1mo"111i"~•ieneimmedi-"'11a dall'intnlllw- di IIW\'c ic,,.'llichc. clw:, !ICI lillcnll cOOICOn'ffllialc, •CftllO'IO ,...,_lt'imrt11e.Los,iriM)di _ , . , _ cd11m,1a;<,oncdqL11q,,fflCli1'0ripet'fflellt' rapidi di!T",.._ delle-.,""""""" e ,nib:c,.. ~ i"""'"'""*' della e-,-:iiì ~ .... .. . , _ . . ~ ; , . . . . ; . ; , 1 ; . . , . ~. D i n a n z i a l ~ <k:ILa-g,"""un.""*""ftll...,....deipffllifdupl~: difen«n,-rado7.i<wdi ti.urinelaiffaric.cofffflll•-a.0011laoonq,,itl.dimm:a1icoloniali.
c-i;,.,,,.--.,innr"""""'wh> L"inlnJduòono:.Jcllcnw<:h1Mclafl(IISibililàdirioorren:IMpmcn1ealcml"°aummta Lafn,qu,ettUclap•ilA ddlccmi.pm,l>t!sufl\cic• c ur,incrcrntModelllrichiauidi .,"lamUlaliprodon1induotfialipcri...brc i>'«Cliiprodutioriod al.......,1liimpianri o , ,....,..; 1fflJ'R"'dìluln • '-""JC"' allri pq,rio paz,eaUa facilili di a«a10al capitale ~ . Ren""""'1,pml,oillfflv1allaM..1W,._delmaa!0.1lpru:ipin,llleipn:-.ui.al t•ll1mmo«J~ltabilimcn1icallad~d1puaacmuR•. s.pcn11.ad~al
~~l~:~~~~r=·::::=..=:~:i~::..m:·.= . 11anromiacia,n.llewltaroc1111DanOa~"tf"ÌÌ~ic,vih-llOmWCabocwdellc ,.111i pn<Ul,.,., di ~ -. che. di"""'1 alla n1inaa:ia di..,.. incombcmc ...,;.; dcpn,uiva. l'<'CUIIO.llrlia bcilooom,acie,1.....,.__, egli Sta1111n1cr1mirc. inducendo r ~ dcllc,...........,bciJichl,cs-ahcllichl,mr-<>a.....,11cpN81Am11i• .
Hfnvorcpn<Ulivo1tal...,ie,clàp,li11ianafiifm:r ilo dalraffonani:Mock-l i,i9'C:nlll Nnl:a10.qualcflltlon:~d1propuls,one. Anchtm ltal1&,C001 l'attm>Joftedtll1 ..,.,...... rivohmoM induolrialc. in:fflnfflll\ l'i""idrtua dei rompwu paulli ... n,ap.tic~ che avcv..., ric~aMI IOIUftnooi iava1imcati. Ad nompio, Ml IM\19...,. La Società -..niml di Elba di miRicft e altiforni per lo dJUtlllmnlO del mcdt,1mo IÌacimffllO >iderurJli.-o.~111 ... ppunofi.....,..JMM)di uioAiolifrancoi cbd., cal1<111cti:n0di 1o:1 1-..J di hM<M apqailltc dal Cfl!d110 ,taiw,o. S, avvii, WI periodo ,..,..,.....le n.cHiol .,..,,.. dcll"illllmril italiana. an11Eriua1<> . i . , . . ~ e d, 1~ii-:ariccnw1MTCfi-·~ · , d11 a . . . . . . . _ ~ 1· ~ d, pnucimptt,e.COOMIITmri.l'l;lbacl' llva. l.aMlllffl~han,:,ac.......,,.p,rn,i,,,e il del!°~ tkrtriça, (hc nel fn,u,;mpo av~I VIIIO m'l!I~
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1M11an1ditraoponoa d......,.pcr......,diG1~leo t"erraristAnlonio l'a,:inom". Nd lliM1Milano.....,bSodrùF""flllc ,talian.odiclcltnçili Ji:i.lmll 1o,1;..,... ..,11ollauid,,
GIUSEPPE PI TAllANTO, RITA MASCOLO
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PiemonlctStp).laSoctcd~ledirldvK:1Ul(Smo)c l1Socldilh&L'ff--.Jo clcttncili. L'iMruc,ockllc.,_-ipa,jo,,i n i..a. c""lft"ldetam...,dawo ...,, ..,.
lòrk..-a1""P"H'.... &.oallafia.ddla0nndcpan1.dall'Ulnl_.. .... _ _
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,11c~i.l"ffl'll1l ...-i..c.;.,iu,[Ìllnll,qiouò- " * -CNK111ckll'auivo: afi l>'!iwt1di__,.,cCMM1<1rll -ddll,~c--,clc-.:.,.dii;:ralioo ,,n,1;......,, pttcW MUOIO le prillciJ,ali flMn>:iatrici dclii ~ bdh C,..ic,,c,W le qulllr\>p;i,Ìll!pOl1dii.ndlclllilwi... _•S-ilaliludi.roiMn.BM.i~ ilaliana,Cffdill>it.11- c S - d i ~ -•i d e r v - d kwoau,vo•b,lan,;:,o . . 7j% nri l'11<t .i'IO%...tl917". 0
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1911 FÌNM:Jlp,J,l,/inl, " " " " ' ~Aldauft•.11......,1·ll0%cklla1pCMIOlalcperlaGnndo:panllo"°""-
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OIUSEM'E DI TAllAN'TO. RrTA h4ASCOLO Schlnpelff--...uolinced.:o<nel l9141e~foeocropl.polellZll,a--. 1ncontbenri.td!ot ...,...poil,WÌCll.....,..mllelnlro..nbinp,ooperid•dopoCNllo11i...zooa, in10t1Caibilì~"'. L'aixraciula ~~lica......,_il primoconnino......tiale.difaw. pC11,cipò~coli-.........,.oco; 1n,;oltR,lo:inizialiesi&t""'pollbclliche~ilM<Mr clol l91K a l A ' d l o i ~................... lll liquòdazioneclolltlffllfl-d1 pe,ra"""""'-lolncolloda 1920-21cdcl 19?9-)l. Il ~ ddle Jtn,u,: bcllM:11c e panlwlliclle dello SIMO ~l«a la w~lli do~rwia- ~ - la ~ d i dividendi. otipmdi e Alari Id arion1t1J.•mp,epti•"""""·Ntll'f'""'ç,:,oin,uo,-ui.11:-pubbht+ie.dif11"'·"bint~~-~dll:avcvaMobilo..,....,_d.-...iopà-.:l l'IOl. e pe,,nÌNt'O.,li 1nopmodlleridi MOI~ pw,i p,olin,. poòcW ~ , t i o,pn, IIWI· li . c t t t U i • - - ~ - ; r , w ; rkhielli.eflt11111vuop,:,,.1e~ic
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llllt,........,bdlidlecil~dq~ehribnli. ~i1ronlrollodcipR"ui dopanec»UeaaoriuopCffllltl•-c. , ,,- , o.,...r.,ne'f""llt •nlllin,.,.,1,,..11offllen'lario. ...ic.1an10rhcin ll&lior.t1<1a IOOl'nlittdrip,T'n.iclol 191l,_,.lie,,Ma-...i 191l, ·- ~ f.ilpoù""""""lrl•r,n•,r,,,bptW:li~tiFfallli4'. S-OIWlt1idanolie-,..,.,.1idollo tv1l"'""""'°della~-.: 1...,._.10WÌtllf'PO"i clcllitori e tmh:ri. llnÌ<dlÌ,ncnlo della cllMc impm,dilricc • danno dqli impit"pU, ...,_..,c1e,ntdt,cktrofflfllffl:101111ttnaloonale.'f'IIIIIIÌ,mp!lfW'ionop,ieo&IOliccd11fi, coll.i<.TalCffll1nclleelfl(lfllnCIN. L'n1&,iuno:~,..rnnool""~PffilOdi"l'-
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,.,11e-~.roaicdit\l'lftftwone--llcapt1Ciàdiaequit.ludiri1inlJOli m,rn:ndioori "'"«,...1 m,_ .... r,WlnllCcdii pul,-fruircdi _,.., OOlllliamcnti. l>uranoc i conflirri onnMi le fonirtwc• .,. civ,li..,. miliian. ~-_,_;.....,di 1111 , ,.,..,..,nlCIIIICrVCIIIOdctp..,.,.,111"°""""''"-Slp,,nll</fw..._bOrand,o ....... le,,_. .., ,,,.. d1p;,ti1C<Jircuaan.ucdalJ,,si.,ilalM11111~KafflOO;ino1~ 1l1IMCfflldif1-. '~""'del flh!ui,del •luobloçei,va , rndì,:'°""limttt111111m,<klincn,a111-=ok ""'fttenelo~ nwncdalprw.io.ipubbhro, In luolia. ll&ffleRleAJfmlnO.llolio.1 <-•P<><lellOl~pnleAmueM1R1iaoni.~c...-pniu:òlamohil,w"""'indii• , ,.,~l<;"'&li"'·c....,,lcon,p,ll)dil,llbil,.. c f• n~le-,,.,.,.,dcl.,fumiwrcmil,1an, ,c.,111>1releri10nC nlemolcna:~pa r~wi~dcll'~imcdella marina, "'"...-c""°"iiffll'Olnliclaaw..n.:.ealleimr,moc pri,,.1encllapmdlanoncbcl1,ca.Ncll91 S '""""'diehi..., --man~ 221 "*"'i;.....,.; e.ii. fino • 11• ......,. hcfl 1 ~7~. do cui il ~ ,"n ,..,.looa111nol11Ùnaoloincaoslriale". 1.a p,odlv"""'bcll.,..ftte1fllu,n,cnonn,111MK .. .,,.a t,mm1,inf1,·o n,d,...,.11e "'•""""'d"'Jillpnmaddlu ...~della..,...a~_,u,n,11NDUreloeC1llq>amen1C ,., ,.W111ccpu,dio,pn.,,,.,,_,. lnillf..,HooloMo~ddl'Alllaldoconubt,,;wna <'<f'OnlKW csp:,nn,riale, i-aandoda6.000 a,l,6.000 d1p<tW,kttti. mi:nuciltu0Cll)IU1le '""'""'I/idi )O milioni acl 1916 1 S(l(l milioo, nd 1911. Nel Qffll)OllleOCanK<l II dmime I• INII: leffllftlnftle11an,pl,-da.,UI001..0,000 ...,ticlaprodlwoacolt,q,u,,i,1 71J.0(l0allkln,u.,,, d, cu, il 90% per e<-. dcli.. Siàa,_ I..,.~ oi un fono i"'f'UI"" ,.,tl'I C f O f t l u l i c a . u n - . - i ~ ì - ~ 1 < " ; i n g u c 9 1 0 ,,..n10 pruduni\ltl 1ÌdÌ<IH"M i.c...,..i, diefabhricoptf"la perr-. ll.OOOllffllpbni.N.000
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l>uran~IIGAlldc:p,:rn il olinam,.....,dqlinp,Ndiloripriva1i,aca,m1••n•uda11n "'*"'ole11i>n,uMllrltiarioòrlloSUio.1i!ndl.-a..,po1eanaleprodua,..,...........,,._ e riqualificalo. in padodi a,ppliarc i., .....,.~ lttaoiop, ~ "Cli armamenti, cllt IÌ lra(lu,;e,.,o,n-uior>~1c 111aa:~,.11c.,,.,.i11disUuni,,·a,.. • p , , , , . ~ 1 · , ~ r 1 1 e .... prrnpu(lprodum::baslni,i11pri..-.t-11u111, """lchc_,_cilenon~il primooonlltt1<1-...dlllk.,.;1·ewo,.. .... 1 a ~ cw i l c ~ d d 11161- lk.S•'". lnquqili...,,, fu IIIUOdotMI ,I l.!at C.,.....,kchc n<l"'-'C"al'1Jll!)K"s,Jdi~dinta•111c1".aocpnmtlle>'l-aolodi ,,..,...,-niatt1U1
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salari.ll'lli,opnlllono dioon1inuarell~agnoob-n.. 11d,mi11111:'°""dclla ~""'campi•c-ckbk>'amililMfor,a111T.. lei""""»ionicliJ""1•IÌ
indi,·ici..ano-.ilcibu1n11<11IOla,IIIIIICffl1MdaC10C'ff.k1a&licll-i.nlpcrlcJi,·ùoc. clM'M.1CCeNJ-ft.iroroldonMcpcr l'lbbialillnmlo cperkcab:M>n. 1,.a Pnma,...... mondiale "'!pÌCJÒalC(lpl bellici k poil 11pilkaive ÌnV1'1V.IOIII della
_.......,nvo!u,,onc;.....,1,o . ...........t,it,,nm....,coerri-.-ificandol'u1,l,,=dcllc """'~bmeolifflCfllD-pnrolio.bmzinocdicwl.C...,.nq1i su1iUnià""'u:oKCulo prttna,furonoidcalc, 1nvHzM)ltlchci11qiii10V1'twlffl>adnnlilepcr""°"'dv,l1. U11JO!dMo ilaliano, Untbfflo Umcrini, f-t/11 Milano l'opera Màmmk Scaldaruc,o. clM' producna cilindridicana1n11Mi a,n,,_..m. . ,.,paoodirualdm:~cibo....,.axnbim1bili;
OOMÌ""'-*',oq,pur"'.......,..abbtillnza~tan1panak,laleitwwarlUflC'nMl1,·a alla pcrn rmm ,..,,.,._..., t lii po, ~ .s., !nncai ( - t ,m caso che lJmmn, eomhaaéndlc~ncll91,).S,ncon11.,~lalMXhml•11poì"'·ct11aUda1k:unc ,J,.,nr,c~". lool~.la-.itl,diadolllrt'""npido_...,,...,._,..1achi~ Y<Cloctc pm:..., di dtioe lt,..t,, di - i p<)l10 r ~ •~~ Gid,,ooo Su.ndbliclr;,a pttfeaonanellftm""11Ztp.allllCflllllolo1~dcfllilli~ d,ltphU'll; qlltSI011UOVORSICINI
fu l;wp""""" ""PCP"' nctk 1111i""11'1i e nqli .,.,.,; ddl',ei,,nri,o ammcarv, dlnnu. il primo-mondiale, ma ,0J,ffillent+l'indu,cnadtll'abbo1lillll'lffllo to.....,,,1Cdi.lnn1C 11,..,~iT""'11"°. A11o.....,,,;..c1c111 o....i. p,aTll. molli a.m:11i Il pram__, ..,;caq,iJ, hlluaelia M«n
a aullo, ....,.., con lante o Yecclll fuc,I, ~I ano del ronft1110 enlr.lmbo ali
ochitrat-i.; doummdi am . .•i. umi cnrarnti, 1n,.,.i11111, ,ci,C-W con p11a11< di da:incdich,lomctri,.,,.,;c~imichtc11w:mioli _ _ _ wiarldto. Uanouilal() nwdal l'"'IJalO~c.:ifnlifim". La ~eom:itala d.ol:C ""-"' bellidic. In il 1914 t ~ 1918, pon6 a"" ..- - don.o ...1111 riccmi di 11.'aUChc,tpt$f(I-IC dal 11"'U1U,pcr ptrfc _ , $tlltffll lllRD\'III\I do all CftnD &" in i - - ,. 1,.a ~ d i ......,,in~ i.n,.......,.J; ,_.,,..li 1111ui,wmcn1e
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••·rcth: proli-. La snn& ....,.,11 o6i ,.,..,,cdii-·, rimlok al ic....... dtlla pcrn ~~•·1no!lpÌMOl-cW11l<wcol~eutiliQWM!nci,,camp,ciY1lc. Tnali.,.,, v.,..ue11i..,;T,_............,;pnno;a,11quncnc,,q,,br1per vi,,Kl'ClldcNi...,i1I ..,....,;.,i--a,m, _.tcdaca Dcubchc Lull-Rcedm:i COfflP ~ primo , ,,ioci,,ilo- dclrna~la il 5 lcbbnio 1919, Mpiaapilfflllffp,n,i dopodal pmlO
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d, .....,,,il11pp11disordi11MO.chclolll li11edcl ccnlin.ova n............,, richiedo,.. "'*''""' ,;1,,rmpcrllnoo,m:nionc:.E.,..~.....,;_,,.,il<alO~ l e , . . . - , ~ <l'IClle Ji lf'ONC dofflffllMII. ,i nw» ll)«ialìwok •dia produàonc IN'J1ica. Alt,, tille <10:tle<)M1lt1t .. rq;.ma"""~,·-nell'econom11n,,oncl,11f,,...1eril\Hoodell1 ,..,....vaM<JIIC ....,IOllali>'idiri,,:.bilin:onl111Cllelmm:atifflOl'ICl.-i.Dq,o 'fll(Sllfalc ..
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UN1PERTROFIA INEVITABILE? LA MOBILITAZIONE INDUSTR1ALE E LA TRASFORMAZIONE DELL'APPARAID AMMINISTRATIVO PER LO SFORZO BEWCO
Luciano Segreto I.e 1n1"'"-'ion1 "'9"- dl,IL,, primi p,:trll mondoak ""' «-ico. ldmor,, -=ialc e nillunlc di 11111i i paisi <'Oinvolri nel .....nino e . ~ ,n m111n minoN:.-=he1111Uru P•hri.almmoin t:....,.. hann(, tpink,dl,~ .. i111M1...ia ,.;1,1nn:ilooncdl0dilòf,,/_., <illl""'&'fll•...,.,...lobfiniw pa- oam,,.;lmàr,uc1M: pctlllo«Glldapnn,mondWr. U1ainllndo1akrona:11osi-mq:li<>inevidffln r ,,.,mv: <klh e~,"'°' nel io.o ~fllO procfllO di r,,....._ e di n1'UWo,. 1nlrulbi!no-inql, _ i ~ , ,·1ddle'°"""'dcll'~Sonotakprofilo. tulUlvia,la~,_,.,.,._lcha<Ollo,:..,..ll<Jkvakriwdo~inolli.fn,1
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dmm, ..,.; mon,'Ollu nel ,;onft1no. QUMdo 1i n nna do dic,fmif\' modellì orpno7.lal"''• conlinod, compnm,:,o ua l,:di,ffll< iscall1':. pnonù, c. in -141n:t>bc:pot"'°CMC!n!il,1Aem1-le oll' mdoonanl'-l.,,,..,.,no,
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,,,,·~-lah/1,,? Nd e-. doll'llalia. LI decisioM di mmn: it, auern dieci mesi ...... l'illizio del ~ 'l"lli '-m lo ,;ollUMMli~.,._-Mlo:,aalea.hro,it,PIIW• ..... doll'lr,ietachc in~wlliddllomlllÌ ,...,.,_ Tripl~. In F....,ia.. ...-1 pnmo 1111r10 di IUfflll. >fflnml ruotiwili dei C.OMila ,/",.,-1/o,t ~ i q w . incaricati ..:,pnnullt! di vaglw,;, lc n d i - dJ met\none dalla ,h..,,..11 1Jle Mffli (là pmo.i ~"" 1111 IOlaic di meno di 40 milioni d 'olMtalllì, ~ ,~,nnccbainbin,.,IMhihtatifumnn•.4milioni). Scrapttllll.,......_,1k"" '•luaRN11Un1 ...,...,.lc, l' ~ c n , 1 r a 1 • ~ • ~ r 1 ~ . s ~ ( q , . , c t r i 1lli!111.,._ cira .., m, lì,.,ncncl fcbtnio dol J91S}. si ~ di oollocan: d1J10C:a1..1io nfup,m 1ltnl>'tft0 I~ oollll!oraz,one d, _,,, _ _ d, ~ {il dn lto,,ùt;,a, il
u 01lli11o doe<k IÌl:wammlc l'"f'P(lf1unili di OMCn"an: con
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L.f!l"09h1cqa,,~.d,cri..-coq,~ iftdipc,,,dcntcdol loSC.1o'. In lnglultcmo, F-lnl del hbonol-, lo tnillllO dir, f - per...,..~ .od""" fonr111 r"' wmpkua di Nlfcn·oltlO llalalc -,,b,n• <Un....., mubo allo. Pa[lrimi PIC5Ì d, 111Cff1.Lldol<lfllll'"-".-"'llflÒ""''nlnll. l.a cult....,""""°"""•omm•n111n1,va n rwg, ,11daÌllltl'>'fflt1che """1•"""-'"'A"' 'l ........,1Pundic:oci11uu,oot11lcenuu no le imprae OO!n•<>ltc nelle produ,io,,i bc!lid,o 1w""*'no dowwlo 1&ff, Del raio, l:a !•'ffll O prt"lùllli)i.upcn....,ù,~aell'Cnnlolica ift ~cmnp>eodin,iw11111
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l1G:ffllali.l.do:n·tltriftcnouni 111lle111not.....,..pio,ll1»cdli-in v,sg di una pcnan...-•vihlf'PIICinll!Hallllffllfflenltoupcri,:ftP'"""ckl ronlliflo.l'~-.:io 1u...i,;..,moho di,·cno. Laq,io1ioncfaniaoncnlalc111cu,puntattlavanpar1tdcll 'mpqp,o VtnMilldiv!duMa,,.lnfonaimmloe,,.lladiolrbmonedcllcmatcricprimc1nlc~ roinvullenelln,fo)r,o b<,llico. l: OtpllÌlfflOcui,,_affidoolo l' mcaricodìcoordi....., llnwm!inl,nda,.....lcpcrllpcm,l\, ,I Kriqc,du,oJJi,/>kiiw.,. ;1 o;port,........,l""le 1111\me pime hnlichc, ÌUÌIUIIO ,,..ll'lffll>ito del dtlla pttn ~ il 13 a&<""" I IJl 4. l.'""""'chiama10adiriscrcilK RA.l'a......,;moooncuidi,aino,"'*>t1lc urpni$111G.1\i 'A~lthcr Radlenau. fi.Rliodi t:mil Ralhenau, fonda10redcll'AEG, la maa:ioo'R irnpn,ta~lo,tuome,cçan~Lcdi:,caall'q,uca. i.,.ic,,...,11 1a S.......,.,._ca .... volta,-a,erdi pimo piam del l"'l'PD· k.alhcnau poM <:Ull MÒ Wid<a,d YOII M0< lkoorf, . . . . , ~ dtlll d1vi>K1HC mew1, dclbo M.G e llellc idCle d, ocientrlk• citi Il"""° metMap.WO 1t'1 <lc.:nlni p.cadcmi dall'1n~ IIIIWl'kaao Frnlcrit W, Taylor Una ,uha ~ di ""'Ieri< pnme delle 111p>1e imprae. 1a loro <mUiburlone •v,...,;_..aun,-aso~kaocldi.kKr ~n~/,cltufic~.lcucnl"""*"lctneoed ptt ..,.....ic, ~ brHw:he. Il A"r,r1w """'ikm~. 11 Knq.,-.11, la K,VV,wl//Nwif. la Krirplc,krewoivi.l.lankldle1ll'iniaodd 1911..,...,rong..,.,,.,t,en.....,.,cinqlw' In 111111, no,1011:1,11.. ,I r..,,no ,:ho..,.. aim,le com:~ 111 wno dt, p,il Ol,wni. da _ , M'JR'tlrio dtU. t.ep Jl!dusmak tnfluen1i in.-Jilori di-I .-,or, dlTori...,,dp,il.....-1e:dq~Otpfl"""''d:o"",.-d>h:<or11boroo~ oiell ' i"""""'• ilaliana, loocdl.afw 11<j..ao,10dl\cna.L' n11odtllcd1..,._,., ùa drntrola ma.:ch,nabwocni= · ·n1,trall •1 >111aolce1011ram,11<1nellosuai.n..:,,mih11rt J11ncl
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<on........,....1ll1tun<n6omihi..eil comp,10diroun:li.....,loll<lm,bo:llico. lnc tletti, ,1,.Cf>oMICfll<:dlMt,1li-1!rir-,icoio,""'1indt1.1nl\1IIO,do>callfiots111di 1M appos,IO son.-llffllll1111>01h"" .....,,,.,ru11<1m1M<1m>cni-..l'O'loun f'Olt1oconun indmtriale, ,.,.,..,....i.,..., doLIIGcnnan11..,nhal10i1compirocli1"Ìllan:ialeii1,....,....,.,...,,...ffidMoal .._.....,.,..,ie-,,leAJf,00.:, I.Wlol,o, che dal 1911 cn, il -,,,-.boledolla r>Raw ame,.lc .i, .n,,t..,.,..cacnio~. ,n pmclical<>, ad 111 ~. di divmorrminlW'Oclelb GMnR, incarirod•c
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paaMIO."'"pcn:W"°"""""chrl'l11t11-1,·rebllofMIObpcmoct.e~.,'ftbbc,1vu10 bttv"""'ro ...1111M. caooma """~.:l'TYfflUia -.nòera"'l)licila.,....,. ~ chrlfflibuiYaalJallobo-,-walmmodclnllfdo cuncuila-....,,;1,.,.~vac induMrialc aYe>-. 1flmnl*> I l ~ in"'"" di ..,._.. in pm,;• 1'k1.i.,,po.ilivilcplaliv,(tlRq,odccfflo l• haal.,J~IS,L IQ 6 j c p o i . . t ~ .,.,.._. al decmo lq,lslauvo 11 ljtlllllO III IS, 1. 1277) li ks,c a C'lllllre lmen: chr la pmxcupu;._. prin,:ipalc,coonc< P'Uchcn<gh alu, i:-si,""""°.Jb ha,cdn f~~ L'llalia d..,,._,..1 di l1ffllllttM>mt11111CnC'p,1. . ~ , . - ~....11adi~nt1rifon,1mmo:1del ....,11:ria[, fl" .. .,..,...,.,.,, ho:Hlèllc:. l'<f 111, muu,o 11ComiiaocftMnkdc-111 ONJbiliarionc industn11t, l'orpno ux:ariailo J...t ooordinamcmo cunpkuiYo dello 1,c11.,.., COIIÌO,lilootllaigloodd 1t1,c~d<r,llallol,o,,,_fmod~~ dl,IComi-S..,W-pctirililmim.cnlidc:lk.-micmun1zioooidc:llfl'llcfaoxvMOp111Cil prnidct,lcdc:IC-1Jlooc 1..,11t11r1dt&l•l:.an,,dc:I T-.dc:ll1Gucmcdc:LlaMauui•. 1., _ _ _ _ _ _ ,..,..dic..ti1Mtnt1,-alidimobi!ilazim.1........ t"""~ .. ..........
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pnmaf-.mau.tloloooe1.-..bl,cvollll1findllll"lfll/10ll.....,dic.:1,pOiMlllnMlli• ....Jìci DCI 1917)..ldamenocoC'llc_,..ld,el]•...mÌn<.UIM-11111,...... l.a""""""4di....--,,eantÌ dcl,._,,,,Ndllfflllc c ..fldlicaltOl1llinal,;,ni,.apn,11u110•pnnlint-~pÌ<IOM: del mm:-, dc:l l"''lffi. e>"iundo dot cllf le ,mpntK roinol~ ...1.. t.wnzioo,i mihtan Il act..,....,._.., &I• optni di allrc 11.,.;:nd,:. L·t11wme: lmdM11 da!t' A-ldo n<l lqlto dc-I l'JISc,n;;o,Jlia;po,1n-lal'n,ociad1open1d,,lr1111MolN.....,CMKa,IIUf'lllda&lo1lu ..i.; nu-~oun,lpc,. aw•·• f111<1,Jo,oque MbolO<elff:tkl" Nqli~,MCMINl,~upo di~liJl'C-.ullc:w!l"'ftd,entus1""". Aou:i \Jn'..........,..rivi,a,nool10dìfl\l,a ln&liio,pntndilori, f\imom ...._lC'li~Hdochr
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Yld:.-Terni". l'ffevitln:111tn11«.:eMiwi1r11 ,ncluw,i,l,c.,....~«nltSlcliON't'01m1.,alrilc f,,tn11di~1r11 iC...iU!i pailmuni~.IOf'l, 1R ~ .............. ,., fa·nxralliinduocnalidcll*'te(IIP,,;~tuCfllamCnloeqwllodlM1lano.1ntmalO o1..o,,...gi,ori~ri,lidelbi cid).~Comnl10~perlamobili~ mai1........,., IJallolio,cuifoccv..,.,capotullelcdcri,i<o,,1,c~CGmill10i,upl'tfflOpainromimmti. Piil 1111d1,ormai nel 1916. urd,beoono"*IIC il Comilalonanorlak ptt il 11111111>ionarnemo ~llutcup0 dof.....,,edai""°""""iarionidiveBinmitalicll1MN1tur1MQITT1nit!niliv1 ccn1,alc:,daipprimailoot~cl""il mini.....,oklkAnnic M,a,ìrion,,., Comcin 1loi cni,11110Ì01Dnaibr-.>à,mc:cpflo.-.-.a ,n 111ubdl'-dcll91S, 1,oopcuva offiircprnlaàoni.il'IIICUll6cllc~SuptrMalanniilliNrionalcc ,..pn,..mtiYo drip,imi ,_.,....,..nmllMlnal.cKlf!UIF"*...,._.._pmpil, Mooiliwionc ;........,~le. JUl t....-, rc:a1a......, "I""~ poc:hi pmblcm,". La ...~..,ÌOl'lot i...sivid"'1b 11\11 poro ~ Coo-do ...,.-emo. chc l\1dlbc vohllo 1111 ,n'f'CP"'poli!iMmaii&itJn,caoptaHUI I O ~ v i o i b i l c. Crcanncloonlcmpo ~hc:ft0one1r11niiliwicinip,'ae.1.Mciav1ocanoo;pazio pcr11111ft1,oat p,ù llcssit,,lc
,n ptrifcril (neo Cami!Mi rea-ij di ....,,IÌlm<Jne .........,lc). ,;I,;....., li fuoò qno1,,uo pc< ,,.upani dcllcqucorionichclOfF>-anonel.....-ckllo,oroc11elkmNionoiftdutlrill1. I ro il prodollodi unacullln politinc,onmi111S1r1ri,.. piulw)aoroawn"Mrn, impenonoco LaSallll>doa.ch<- vak,al,,~c...:,:n_,,,.l'~Jiw,,11....,.,.Jloocpc,lo •fon ubcHoco. ll prwidr:nlolcldC-•Jlioc....in'1l......, n,o11i libcnol..,.,._ori. 11eHo
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cwlnn DC1l'Ìfttervffl1G a:ccriouk e .._,.;Ilario e i,, ilY,ovanoni orpniu.oti,·c _,.,..laponibilitidi~•"*'"·ipowritpfflllliiol....,.di onlincpllbòlit'O.diDt'Oft<lfflia. lributi • . , . . ptllhbli,;a. .. polilica dqli _ , ; dc&li opmi rid,......i olk....,; per f•li la•uatt nq1, stabolo~ hiu burocnlic:1111a1a1e no,, dovcnwuaviletiett~modi,...,_-::hcp,,n,W.~..., ;1 ~1edo-l ConliaJoo.en""modo.'f"GIO-paCl,lllleDm!i......,,.-•più"""'lict,r..,IIIU)III . Jeri- Salandn I Cadonu, nd SNptOÒOI 1915, Maftdopmlil d ~ ..-,iale.che iol lu,lillip11khadlbc..,._ di .........,diten,po, diburocntiche,inrica'Cadilocalic inpreN9f"eÌllf<'JC<llldoeointqwllieclleP,lfa••111lia<,,o..,..._l_,; ufficic1>·ili cmilitari».l'ultrq)JIOS.a.ndra.~Ml~do..-.i<IM, ...,.......divi... la nveclwn~·• ndl'ntthio,tofliNilaOllt~ - i rolli drioontrlllli di foft,llft di armo, munwo.òcqUN1t'altropola,lc11«Yin:alf!Ufllc.chefindal 19 15........, fwriwn1mllo". V'ltla ,ùll'nwno, cli ooclli inleraMli *sii Alleali. la ~ appam.. abhu-...ct,,..,l'onimitn,omncaiad_...., lrr.w:,,,,,;1vevaM.,,..,.S.tn1lleini""" pretedall'halilm.;,i.oc11·..,....;1paerrè11,n11bKillo~~·-ic1aw.,oni piùpm,a:Yplle. Gi.incll'.....,drll9 15illNICfflr-coloolllofrançoit.addcnolftl1i~ 1 1toma,,.,....r-,1111UN:d•:lllaaa1ioncdel~allcArmieMIIIIWOlli1vevafano,epilo•la.....-,.i-iadi...,..we<1er....,;,,;- -;oolk>,cicon!...., i111ìrpar!Qmnholbancicn,,,:s.""""pn,1-itrc Nrondre....,,.,._ qu•i descircORIQnCa u.....,ci<,nncUadoi- ~ des-.a""" fflOIM ""ttfltl<JftMI~". ~ la >leua Ml1e. Dalloloo, •imcllìtml- ~ IClif. puf11.- .. counn1 d'wn S.,,.,ia, qu'1ldtri1cail ....... <4 .,_, CCN1na'Mll ooiod,c . . , _ _ . . . _ il NOio di -&ffllrio•lleArmic MH ilioni, -fti,..._,.diraaiunFn:a~ohiffliviridùc,u dal ComMdo tupfffl'IO lfWIIIO alle bn,......, di an,pm< e di _ .._ .. Non en per,} il M>lornpon,,ahile. Per i"--ien_.;.,....wtln: ,..pNd'unhdanslel<lfTnM des bonna; ,·<>lonlb - - - ~• d b i ~ da, divcn Comi~ pow l 'opptWiùMnmm11 e11 ......,u... U<lfl en r--, ,:,1 la (Oftlli1u11011 dn,qucls. IC'I rivalilbpoli....... ~k:lctfinln<càn..lWjounclivi...,.rn haJ11,~il'flldr potlerHIOninfut6.tiabb'". M 1 l e ~lill,·cn,cnn.:,,Jo.,..dRp•·..,..mct111I, de polit,q,ic Òft~ : .,..,,,,Ql1191Cl rt'Ml:n:d1fflcik il l11YOrodi O.ll<>line.......,..., ccw;hid,:vo 1111rlJIPllf!Odetl'IIClddlo,m~~•R<>nDCIK!lmlbredd 191i. c 'atlUl'k <'<MIIÌllla?! •
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,l,tJll<:AnLa111~-IICIIP'lnJVMl'hémi&timro: -,olo,·a1l'Olladicolloq1111110 r11uanbAnnic Ml1BIDIIN>1 1,·e-'IIO<ri..,Nitti aOrt.dopnm1chequcttiJW1.ucper r.nai pn .., C...iJIXI imcnlkuo. h coli d .. adl'11himo , _ dì ....,mi dut 110m1aì .a, ..,..-emoNronOIUlp1WOdifaR.acllmorollMn:IIUlna,ONill""'-"IOOilniÌll1w;,m A1raicM..,b:••ipnaffidarl,,1l-holl)Emilìo~manl:,r11ddLa~ d',ndt~MIC~~l,al_fianto,.,..,.~QiacinM,,Moaa, ,bmmodilMl,,_..,mini-dekplodcllaEd..... Aldolidiquali lClllaWlllfflCni , d,..,..CC'ffl~politicac.....,,11,_ncheripudl',lanldloriaflulc d, "'"""" fondlmeruk bnncl d c l i ' - - - ~ Mallc cu.i d deve l'o,plli~ .i.:111 pnlÒllloonc bcllic..,. il ci;.. politic<><ukunlc m, umbiMo. cm Ml'lbònli poliuci
• ~dim1nw~l'irollllonll'lldclmondoraihmre cck!La-ptù i...,....w,ie1tn111un .a, oollqammlo coa alo ~
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.,.., furma1a,= · -ìnvi&<R-=àcdopolapan..wmmdo""ruolodiooonlinamen1<> go"""'1cdcllcrdarioninS-clllOadon:unomica''. Ll'1ltr11 pane 1li indu1mali l"ffllt'MO di lmlp) pcr un lcto .,..a,,orc ro,nwolj)m,:nlO 11ella macchina-le nella r- conci.,..;, -. dello alor-m bellico per -111,llc condidofti ,.,,r,1ioripninft--..1an-..do1La~clall' _ _ . dipocmoall'econom"' d, - . OUlallllOfflCfllOdcllcdirni.....,jdi Dallolio.Orl....ioipol,m,...,. .... toljitw:io,w ,.,.., t:11on:Con11. Ìndlmnllcridb°KOmollO wicia,o . ., MrlbillftlidcllaC~. ma ......,.J ...,.lcllnadi 0Kn-,jAmmdollaL•siAlbn1in~ l'idao ,·t - ~ l a I"" l'~ d i 8rcda..Aprlli cr...._. ,.. bw-.hc dnlo-Ni11i. l11agoeio, p,>1. 0l'llndopeNl'ldidi,fanidiNan c didiwnan'IIM10p,»1<>pruprioRrala.Quandola tin c i ~ d c l b l p o n n , ~ , o , p a ~ i l ~ - e ~MI •ll'economiadi,-:c, conlamiriadcdiqu,emonìa:1-rollcplc(i ooninnianoonin ~ - . mo non uhi.,..li. La 1C11ooncdei omtilavonli e delle ,...5mc prime. a:c.). ~~
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DIETRO LO SFORZO BEWCO: I SOVRAPPROFIITI E LO STATO NEUA GUERRA DI CAOORNA
Fabio Ecca
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l.'CMrmt ,,fono indollo e pn:,ooM dalb l'rirAo ......,.. n,ondiak M ""icammk ÌIOldlli~ l l r i ~,_11.,...,QOOnvohoa,ochem1lioiudopaM>M,
....,..,c;..;i;, .,.,11cmn,viccm_,ilP-.Traq,ati.v,rruoi~Jliopcn,i, ,1«nicic&1i amministrat1vi imp,epà•llc~p;il-C•l•brid•:..,;liww,:d ••• compio rn qwllo et, nfomon: d, -.aie M!lico e di IUIIO ciii dw neeeulu,.,-, rt:,;,:n,:11UclaMarinllal fnne:.,....io11m1cmuaiaoooi.,..-:ht,·i\ffl,di..i,ccpannidi ,,gooi a,onere.onialieril..am,plui, c:arblnnlc,mc:rz,dilrllfl(ll1o, medn111:,etic.ctc.~ ..1n11aiapm,acl 191S,dopoquuiun.....,dalrinmodellc..,;lila. l' ltalian~.,._ul0
aff, - J l i ~pn.,bkn,iche•--.-_,akuni l'acsiffllntiinffl'lllillO...:I 1"14: da 1111 ...... di ..;,ca iilduswiall'. ql,es(Ì id,cntifkab,~ ...,,... d,ttlmlù .,..,,.., ~ll'inadqualcu.adellcprodo,zioDibdlidicmziionoli . - ,w,tllPQ <:011vcniorw: li<,llefabbrica,i<,iud1 p a t t : l ' ~ l l l b . . - ~ . . - . . i i t t Ì $ l l ' a l i....
ckl n,ppono n lo Staio e ;....,; lomiiori; rimprovviMlionedi m o l l i ~• .,. in <""IJIO incbtritllc che nqli uffici p,,,bbli,:i.. A I.lii cribrili.., ne "CIÌ""F"ano lffl che nguarcll,YW10pi,ìtpe,;1~l'llalia,laaii-.....proclulli,1am1 • t<NKtlllM•
~arallfflUMI iJ.dlap,nm,;a di podictoo:ldlo IYÌIUIJP'IIC, di......,_ lnl pia:olc: Ìlllf)feW an1vc10p111U10rwl-.idrll'-cdalbd~dall'$n0porq....1<> n11uarda.,..
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dc:ll'lll'llfflillUIUWOnedd k-AmlicM__,,.,;-che,...._IUIIC>ilperiodon:laliwallo - 1.....,.dic.,....-.prcndn"ll1cliinnodi1m~c1e1n,ini-<1t-ll•C-_,,., I.a - orpn;uwone. 111n,,v-. •m-bbc ,,_;koulo 6n dlii primi pomi del conllino J,,,_crilicill.impuUIMMM:lpMIUIIO.oltinochelllOln1n11fumitoridi...-Jca1100
t,.,Hia,,a,lo,.1,,n,i..,..,U cill«ici....,._• .....,..,.dclr-iopubl,lioo.'Siuau.on
J, "" problefflldi-.-o-. . . le-p,olnlOllliif11"1icanoni•dican11tte politico (lw ~ tniin-, ....,,., Si.....,... illr.li di ocandali ca pull:Yano Jcmonhuan:o""""-- I'..,,....,. pubblica~a. . - impoYcrire Mlleri<,rmen1< I
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..:llepmr,rirpt1pltl'ql<IN&tt~di opi1ipo'<ii~i"~11iclipcm,". n:,ohu.ali da qudh che: b e n ~ ai ..t'Dbc: ,ai...O I ch......n: paaa,11 1ndiuslriali. ··1 "A,·anll!".adtsempl<). *-ia•·• lltllcM>le prin1tdllt-ilblfte di 1wmi'la P'ff<""'JI do · ..-ui.no.. .......-.• 1·111M....,.di lf'ltlli dlt ,aii.._dcnonunali --...:C~""'c i
lu..--nn:aliuaa....tlafabbncazioneddlo!ulllo11t10mililan,.• I.o SWo ital;.,o. IUllllv-. - n,,_·a i..:nrc- •vanci allo 1v1llll)ll(I cli lllli i,r....,I, m:ooo,,.-..,.diopp.,na,,.comai~i c'°"'2Mlni,wppurquMmaiddlnili,·c,aòproblelllicilt ,;u,.....,,~mqp,n:tandllocb.-11.....,...~ nciprinliMIMi del ~-nit1o1kunc:ialitw:ioiu, .-11itliiMrmlncllllpeci•IIOX<'llivc.1m111,·1110inf111i-
~- .o1-;pii10meoovalideodd'llaà-di1ffiulwe'l"lllloO rikvalodat1tdenura d.:1JO!dal,. dri p,,nal1.dai......,ici.ilqliopcniodai--.plocicinadinil'DIQ._1e1III conduzioncmdloslnalc ...lla.....-.Sololl rcMtldiCapc,n:tto.eil"°'*11"C"lelnlO di1111& f-,d.:llapan,anucrinaadl11111p,._~dtllo111CMOconl'lino,"'n:bbc: l"""'lodl•11aplf1calladi~drik~c•11tnldlle!lltMg...,...., 1ll«">tio
....~vlJ"ohblOWUquooid,..;'e dlll"aln•n-.....,.._;o<11panedolle'51iuui<lni pubhlid1e li problemi pohuco'c:conomici oona.i I quelli -.dali. °""*'> conlribuw , ·uok qumdi ~ · un -.,e!IO wnporllln1e, ma lìmn po,,:o swclialo, lki 1....., di guom, ,,.·,'èrui1n11a1,ridlpa,1c ddloSW....,._ 1, ..,..._c......,Jimi1lioran,eriool,en:
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l .'IIICliv..._,,,_ c b. ~ dei faru., dic: avev-. ~ 11 fnnulrlri di """cn11lcbctlìcodil"""'"'1-.,itodcllr011tenaria~--ri · kuni1ni"""""""ri ,~11.-ldtllaCoinmiNione~ d "in:tlÒfflllsullc~clipet'Y" td'""'ft'lll\11
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D.aranlelaC,,_.,~il""""""'°1nloSUilocle~pnu,1<wniV11~ nonooloMtnwnolallltlOKririoncdie<*nftl.comonvmin11dprcadc,apcriododi
pacc.ffllancheannvcnnromiecon1nn...i;;,.lnldolloprop,oin-·-11e1oonflino c llP<)nçama>ICinan,dodi\'rioi:in.an:ilempi--· pcrr--dall'mdi~ ..,Ila necaslli (di llllllCNlle II di IC<Vizio bellico) olla conocp di qllM*> nchaln. Ad nc,n-.,io.""'-* La,-di Cadoma rlfflffl1ni.....,.;o,,,,dclleAnn1cM..,.,.....,;h1 fatlO "" Larva 111, li.,.. di ,emplici a"alnii commercillli • .....-n 111ipulal1 ..... ifim1111 daali ,,,m 11,1litarilntali,cdi<lldmMMeaepti-..mnM..-~,.<XISiddel.11-ro.m.-=,..· u ~int....1Kflll'lòe1Khcmi.....,inmali.'Qul:Mc11lu111E.inoonluelenllmol10 J,lfutc, Formepomuh~·111<1addiritrunla~dcll1flONlbilillolloNldomrx d, .,.,...., b, prochm,rww . . . dopo .. ~· -içtpi di ......... m1alunicui odd1rittwlffllPIÌpri. . di1,~Sllbili10Qllldi11ffici pubblic:,ilpru,.o. la 'f"Mlili e le an11m111oche 1«11ichc del prodow,-. LI c......,,_ 11 ffll ~i.di truYM1do,-.mi1..,compitoimp,,bo: onalin.ani:cn1icamm1claJe111ionci..twrialcdcl1' , ....... i11 tunc le...., mollcplòet filnnc. Opi modello ~ i v o """"" infatti pc,:•liariu, J,r..rnòtlw: e lolnlqòe di n iluppo diffnl:, ialvolla addirilon çontrutanli tra loru. dlt n.'fldovMO~rompkMok>_la.. oroddlaComni.--. llo,.~q.-ui _ ,,,,.,_ne-16'nr,11ioll'di"tn<>""''~IOOtUlle,&1• onon - pnncipali , _ . , - che ., 1vevM11opcnloc1Utlc l e - si~ridio:he.onniahili c.....,,in,,i,,,iinthenr "'P"'..-.o
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1:ATIMTÀ PARL»'ENTARE NEGl.1 ANNI 1915-1917 • Vincenzo Pacifici LJ Camera elci dtp,,•• nollC' neò mesi,._..., del 191S - 1111ivil1 p,, n -; 1n il li lietltnioed d 12 ....,.,.,ti"°"""°bcn ?OMOll1e{ll-l71i:ètnioc l "· 12 IIW'a>). Gli oninli dd p:no-,,uoo.., leffli ORliMri _,,, pamcolai ICCall'li alb liiUoWOne ~ . s ; - - ~ milun: e pnlflOIC nvohe • lii prtplft1KlnC e all' n r p n i ~ • - " - 'lla.,..._,miliUftllltH'lUlil,,C10nR il ricll....,inlen'ino do:tli uffiàali dì~cladiKiplimipcl' l'lllll= ' - · - <kslillUdoali...,.vcni1ari .:omc-mananoo,;cu.,.,;,,;,.,_dÌIICuM>oMU1em1cald1 den'onl1no plll,blicoc """ialcconla~..,..; ....... L·-..-ddl'auemblcai polamnca..,'f'II'*) ul!imolftnl es., ~ i f)CI' ladifaa - · e mi1i1att d<llo Staio. Stille mnun,~.;.,~•dihlalkl1Cm11<>nelleodllnanz,edcl Il . 14 c dcl 11 mano, concl"""""'..,unpin--aJ....-, la N!inca,!,"""'"iau,""2-W"""""icloH-4 favo«'\'Oli cl,oon!nri'. 11 ?2.....-ros.landrapmp,nct'-icipa,ioncclaproropdclkv__,,,,_,..,.1;.i 12mau,o'.oolleYllldoleoboezioaodiTunli, pr.....-andunc-ollreil ISapnle'. I l praidm&ie cltl c-isliolqala~
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POTERE CMLE E POTERE MILITARE. PER UNA STORIA DEL COSTITUZIONALISMO DI GUERRA: FRANCIA, ITALIA, GRAN BRETAGNA
Andrea Guisa 1. 11 21 dicanbn:del 1919.ilMIJIPlcmcnloil"'9lnlo ...lMl'cli1kunal""..i..11v1ilel...... ..,.,.,..,· ~11ut11pas1111ponicobnnmlcewcat1•·1del d , - d1n1rOYMO<ia1mismo ed11Mb:ianelfw10rodclla f ranciapoo1hcLlica. Via.oo 11~ictu. ....,;111, 1111ooldM<,
C\lll ~ , I I CI IQIOditlrin&effila-.11,,.,...,-il \lOllobffl>'itibile,t 1vvollonrlpa,m1<0S--~-Lo 11.....SO-tndì..,.,.,..,._ioai dilicn;r.n,r,I,
,lrio;onlndcllel(lft',:n-al';è,ut,it,:, ~il-..,vinlccrapr:,noabilc:d,cilii..d<rvuln ldt:lnp,cte.~Ofttcndl.~.oorau,oalpropno~. L"alLrUbnec,otpr..all'indldru, llpulliao...tlna10iaok:aallr-li.la . . dell' As,,rrnbimllWl,nale, i11 .., idulepMMgi,odi~: ..W....1-f111-lletope,--··· · diNe"""'oolmr,e, l'n'olgmd<,l1111'uomo1nborghese - A - - 1... u1avom ..m1ar,tlefmiolllo loçu. I Y01 ~ - il \WUO clo,·,:rc, Il di:p,dMOf di spalle, l ndolsl, C"W(ICIO lfÌRÒO e ht,rnh,,11&, L1api e wni~ baffi IP(WJOIIII di,.. profilo-. ltilll)etlO a l l<lldMo i..:amal ........,i.,.,di1111"'*'"'"""'"irat, E11Z11w,l1U. Unamm~dilcmo.piùcho
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con,.:l..sionedclla&UC'"" • il-.dil<lnllRalll-.id11Ull1ip,mi. Ll.,..,..ocmhn, quai ""l&ffll't".., uettico 1,"Victndamtn10 nwiì oq,anu. ma alffl!'lcmcnWi. In fondopen,imÌll1eK1mbm~11tl........enloi11Cllllo1WOdil!IC'eM11iÌmlOl'podpcrmnt Huitt della vila KLionak. O,..tr,.......,., per,), c-...:a iOpn,IWUD,... pan >'inia dai milnari, prun1i. lìnalmeme. 1 rati11dttalp<*ffcio.ilo:lechiavidolla dinaonabbAndonl11 prr hllllfll IHI. ç..,, H dl...-...n,_: ........ la poh!ica fflMlranl C lfflC'll'&Vef30C~lhl~~pa,,di 90ffi:fta,:,tpcrd1tètidtrcl'oeo,,:cla lihttt.l,
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cltciloonlliuo, d"·""*'..,,da.lk-pnmcKUifflilfle--1"""'di~-.,,n;:t,1,,: comiftl',_pn,oto•--tocmfundore,~a ndefinmw di ,·olla tonffn, e dill!ICltMOlli Lo .iallo m,~'-" dc1cnn,...,.... 1ll'inJum.oi drlll hMll&loa dclii Mama,Cfll111f.n>all'oriJ-ncdiunumwmcn&oi..klprofOlldo.Qlll"IO~nclll "'lo:.r.ioncffllil""pol,tico-cil..,.ihi..n,-,01flru:a10cli,ll\ll>lo111""SÌOOddk~ci>"1h nrll'OJ>fflldoooonli- cd'1~ l n 1 di•cr11 li•dlìd1i,pcn1rw1tàdclloolòno
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alfondarncnlaktompartol«:nicocldkmU111DO!tÌ.destinatoalnltfonnani,n1111ramo ia1itowoulcdcll'Nnm1•ISIN1011tCC11lnilc edc11'1111Mù di ,ovcn,o)•~l'dllle.....-m"' fini~, per accompapasiaf.......,_;didi~doll'_,,.;d,, End'ahrondclaMCM1n1tura dclpuhhl,oopo1etta"!IÌ-.,eia,..,..__d,l'Uf(8e: ""........,.,oomp&a.odiburo<:nne. dotaledi-uri-iivi<pee111ci,....._dellcpmpriclftl'DPIÌYC. lcplcdlldlflinillil1p, di~~conilpo1m:pohl>Ol;l,J1&alivellocmlrllcchep,:rif,:ri,:o', ln quau,oituazòoM,
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come.;, ootiti ripclctt'. L'1ppdlo Il-...,.._ 5.:,nc-•. pn _.,..,.. rum.ii. claa,;ca. ""'"""' ....... c•fiiumlo.llncialoaesli11111i•llas-nda..........,~.politicie in1ellcuuali. poic...n1U1tan,.;,, ..,.,...........,.....,..;1,;11noodi ..... ~..1dfc11iv:a. CH Ilo pre511 d"-dei limili e *llediffieohidc t.akliJollWOl'IC kfflln•t inoontnw nel concRIO 1W>ljpmm10 del CIIIWhao'. La -,;hinl ~ e Il Gllbincno ranavano.te-opondicamalle.ne-lLl-dì~e~IQoooffUIIICtlkdìalli.........,IO COM1t11,,...ilpnllffl0oaacolo1tll .....,..e~lk"lll""'""'Oiqu,llffllMMdi offrir,:..,. fÌIPl*" ~ lii /lald - . . i ; del eo11i~li..-nn liMlk C'M'lt
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clti rCftOffllnl~IMconuala&lioprvblemlloc:o.lunzioMic1~ corrtlaziofti1n~ ,p,,eil\c...,ci....,......idi ~ . •iad••ido....,q,o,,,rio,,i11p,ficali>'l"c1.,.,iurc,inlinc irilchi di-.:femlzialitiàdcll""l'Pffl"ioJIOriopuco~ R.chiodalql&aleo,aieo1e~1em1ckllcrew,om npo1cRcn"dttp,Jleftrnib...,.Mll"llal.. dclllurMlde , ..........- . . i m . . - ~ - - · l n K ' . M m l ....-=-.M'1dell . o d i J - ckl C....-do""'""""c clcll'affi:mwsoduo-*llpandi ... pn,a:uodiMi/wrir:,,:io,,e """ll'"'M'drllltoeicdtdflbpol,iticlcllC..-tf-isnl1vrrlltlcinMICtrova10ill<M>111tunlc
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di-i..,...~-1-~a.1,mzionalc, ........ da.llll11m11aim,IMiimo 1n ~ s u . I ~ prum110dci c-.cpoliriel di p(lterU'.a: ""3ll'lpct'f k llnctctcroa lc l«ondo l'cspreuioftcdi Wilham Pin il Wttlllo, .... .-c,onc,:1io r.c,.,_ie .o.ta11al,ilelllle"Ìf"'Hdt"""S-lllao111Ì<'...,n:11 pog:la... 1tOriomcnk ...11'qano,,itl nwillilN f .... pu,,,,r Ji """"'1 dd Pwlammio, p;;imr ...u·-..o(II c:u, no-.m dlPflldeva • .. --ie-dallcCamere: il Mw,l..,,ÀN)".Nd 1411•..,. piano.cn,m,,alee fun,;male il '*""dell'C9Cfriloe*' rnmlnlli mm11n on - 111 delle w ..,wa1:1011i IIIIIOdonc di H•ldlnc 11d periodo pn,ho:lhco - qudlo di •111 ""1ornl ~ -. pri..., di quci romcuti. _..., ~ i c o . t1QCe11ibil1 dÌ u.fonnuc ~ dÌnllOCfflCflfflZllle In WlllrnJlilWÌ<#WJi • ~ . k,fo,-« ,........, d1fmaivodel...:rolUOlo"""'°""lcc1npimi!ilari111m,i pupub,ì Ou.,.,cw,;.....,"""'''flll~ derivn11 11panc..:locdalla"-"dclle.....-diC.....-cll).U•dalOdcll11111<>•wl.......,i,,manienckic,.,..._IOlo u 1 1 l ' ~ d t l l a ....... hrilam1<11, mall51MU11111e1Udcinppc,nitnpo1n1: <:Mie C pol<Yc milÌIMT, lii""' OS111061 clc,yc\,1 1'11UI~ alla'"" bea pni dit'llrile mpfflO I .,.OD111eS10.qudlo -~ 1 e-. sn~-dalle ncttU<là.....,illi-1wc<l,IÌ......,..., di
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cmobtlolà v.,.lc.SUndo mai lccme-cnlOl!amo ... ..,.......,..d,colun:111 dc,crizioo,e dtl l')'nRO di p : r n - Wl& -pi,;wll png di bucanlCtÌ di1*!tiMì' 10ChinMaf..,.;dollll1X""'diA....d 11W1&kurno1li.-dciprimìpnidiquo,10u. Sanci!IIWll'. . .IO dcl ' 14b,~dcip,r'lil:i- c l o - d l ~ o r q , u ~ Jcl """""lmlOaipolerid'~ ( 1 l l l.O .R.A. dlei~11lllrgl,nmm1lelM!I paae). i ~C""'-tpffllnlO.o.tllMlmm:quoilconlrollo d dl'ifldirinopoliti,;oclellllf;IICffl.
_ _,,,enon'li difflooldodic.,,ucn,o,pi.tuuwi c di~lnl,,,-.Jidi,r.i(»M ep,JNffdi<kùioltr. " " - c i l l, rultlY1l, ancho il RcpoUnilO-ri il l,u,upw,,
roalo-,iradiKildomcr1~alll1ucna.di.,._.,,,_1mo,fiS--mholo dtl '"""'°'*""1dcn1.1111nodql1cxrrlli.1t1puldo•i"'anchcdodi,,f,_.,..fn,ilp,:mn
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. , , _ ,_ _ ln ,pM'ldctl' ~ - · Vfflleproprio -.,.,..._- .... IIUiont ~ I C · e n - -l111iapane~(èdbclocoin1t1<Cdo1cancu,diA"""itbl. - 1 e ç u ; ~. ..,l p1111<>m11illft.-avrfflhcro- • nvdanoarp11,.., (oon
lacmidttk,-17in,u1. llc-,illllianulicolloa""*op,ùin~milidi..,..llo~. M•con•lnu,e peculis,lidifondo. At'IClwpor.,.._nguwdoC....,_èlcalOpN'l#edi"°"":00. urr/,,.i/i-ckllapiern.cmll.......,,._kdi~clw""""" .... vi-ma, avretibo: ol..,,,,._wlldiba - ccno-cpun1u1a • d11m.,llesiobikml<'n0dl~u.11n ,r,,.,. i,,a,~mililaft e dm, pnliliao" F. podi........;. ..,111 r.i.;ga dtlll N<>f<>_./utwtdoJ1,J,,k,~,cdtna-ll"alM .......... l'rwicaenrlllprim,,vendel'l5. QOIMUlllllOdidloalw:maliYOdiorpaiaa,ioncd,:ìpo1tt1dtlloSIMo,dlcj'fffl........ ...a q,.aakhtrilqitrimanoneddll&bolwo_M,,.,*I ~ - L'Mtill>ftnllel Cadomo
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ddl"csen:i1<>: i1ReoilOovcmo? Ma -,pnnutto: ,IJOVCffiO,:,onw~cklt'appo,I!) fal,,d,r>ocon~.....-oil 117'-""""'P'*ft•<"U1"l'ffll".,.,,...i"'""'"la,obdikl........,?Si1n11a>-.cvioknlnnallcdi .... ~ionc ,~•lla11111,1rac allalkt'imz..,.,.,tul len'ftooo,11f-lc.ckl ~..-.i1Jwo;q,.,o,t1aonrche, m laliWl:tll di Y1I Yffll lqlll1C di coflabofv."""' Ira pcnx, C MKmblc,,, ,.._.,.,,t,t,.,- fini1u pl'< flCN'l' n,.p1i,1U11C111o:i11ll"~delphiK110S.londra,dclcrmlNN!one .... pmsMtiY11~ dii.,iflimilica!MftYoln:la.
J.Q,,n.lonoclo~lcci po,ud.,_alleCXllldi>quadrod'in__,.,11"1 ~cn,"ike'"'*"'111il11an,.delinalmi 111Jlo1filnllodi-dinamndirilqm~ · - ·-
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dcllapolilòca""'""~dei'"""°"'iillinu;...li tillclùc~lità. Tak....,t,opret,ckronna"'F.....,111panin:dlll'iftvcmol91'15 a11ravcno il r-.dlni dì,_ dialctlia U1I JO'CfflO e ~ l\lrv.iollllc. pw ""I IU<:lcaratlel'e~'"'fl")e-,alnequilitlnockìrapportitnafcnc1villtcdcn m,li.....,. e al con1t11imtfll0 cklla 1(ftlXllza dd C,Q(i • .,.,..finire dlll"ambilo mi1i1aredc:llc1KcompclnlC.llc...mncclle tqucllodlc piWMawòcinaal~poidc:llledel ,--w-,,,,,,;,.,, mKW""· l'inlriolllk 111a "llmnuionc di nuri &J, - i del l1v,:,ro
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collqialedqli o,pni ~ v i al li"" oolulllnd'infl....azare la mndom dtlla ........,mo...,.._di_,..i,c .,.-,,c"""""°~,lin,Jl,,l,,,ra:;,-.,.l(Wef'M cpa,Lomct,ioalk>K0p0di~ -00 <:8eawcml--,KP111"alprcu,>di..., PfUllralÌVO ifldcbolimnlo dri pemi - l' impmalilmo doel C-.do ...-., mili-e difOMillWlolltlle-~lffll-YC"". E .. quncap,ollpffl,.,.Clledt~ i~k..,r1....,.dcicltJutali....,;dal~cl.o...........,_cklle..,,,,m......,; a r fHO«',l'azio:JIKddlrp'lndi~ parlammllridoetla C...,...cddSa.o.
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. 111 ... - d i ~na èrillvori,l lotopoleriditilldacaloccli rlffi'Htl doellr inf«wwzioai; .. pr(C<dundci - - - parllme-. ~pm. i,tiwita Il fiac d1 "làuran:MIl clDmlllda , . . . _ • < ronca e di opm;... Slcamllia di..,. ptù""" lqin· - ·-ddp....,ccln ....;,.....; 1101cri. s.,1 ...,._in&IQ,:ll dialcniu n ,.....,._c.......,__.,.,.NOPO, _ ili Frucia.. di rivatini di • 'analop r.......- .. _........, 1U'ia........,,, dd ,,,_
militarc.0- prr acquitÌllliltNi..-doelLapolihca,la~~-'l"tll• ddlap,ilc~aindoluicktbpma.l......,dal,,.,_-a,me-- .. -· - · Jcll o ~ 1 n i,-tit, ~ ....bmn,aufu,Q p,n11>p,,,- ................ - ..... dtcitivoeotibtipr,1endla e leader-~ decitia~ n ~=•lpropnocap,talepol11oco...,ialee...-zzaovo pcr1~..,.dn..,... 1tr111cl"'dipan,rivcndicarcpnn"ocdimcnlioraÌ9111'Cqislali~•pn:,priofim1tt ldi 11a111n ap:qo àoclacalc) ndl'ambtlu dcii'. . . , . . . ~ ddk> , r~,.,. hdli,:,;,, mod,lk...,, irappinidifuro~r,.1pa111i, .-,olr•dciliie,ri~ di"'*""" · Q,.,,,,llo l'ttupfflldiP<*f'Uddhriaonmloa,mc _ . ; J«jn...- ddllpoliladi,utmcdi:i
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tupcramm10ddt,;p.til....,cnnl'ipolcsidi"'-nin:di,.,vavcpmprio-.,.,./ puny drll' cllidn;,a;l' ~1nlUMepa c polilica-11nucl1adi . . piilnlUfflll eddf\cimte NlrC:obiMr.1N,opn!MIOlorilònna..,._.....Mddl'~ir,,dM:nmcffffll
U l d ~ 1·._..,. 1ibcralc:cklla ~""*-.,_~ ~ c l l ~ d c l rappo,1Dlnlihfflllllllm'iduucc"'*""pul,blico_.....ncllliRd,idirlm". lanpic-.
La qunaioMdi fomlol'QlmllaritttadrllelOtiÒDlli pnlilil;,ho. n,pnirntiwe11n1qi,;,ho ptà~pcr1illnpre, ndpi~ bm'c iea,po.,.,..t,ile,ali.Yiaoria.c-.comc acl mno;aeofflciwlloilaliano, la...,...,,,u-Ullilidieonwndn1r11 pMlnlli e manioe. JI pnt1111111dclla,politiça,cc,racriwle\.. ll aac"*ildhaadiUoydOo,o,J:etdi Wimlnn (., ._.hill M,ll'orpniz:la7.iooieddla~btlloca o lUIJ,,ta0.amililwc,-"Pf*'iva 1 1 1 i n ì - * i n ~. lln!IO~c..,po'Nifdiqua,1aprim,wapo4cva
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ocnoiadip1tCiC\lhol'idi1111tiMnr111didccisionc~be,,rvda1occoonlin11to1lla Maurice ttriey". IRopiCMO_..~ranoctw,own,,oe~-••-e,,1n011cuna
rrale"""""'eoone"'Franaa,di'allcano'oonlKl""polcn:IIIÌlilan:~cadipa,dcnlc. ~içç~clcl1111105Ul'ffll.o•l-bnannicudoYeva ri11111attallat'ino ,l rianoa "°""""""di'mulm_...,·;.,;..,iMale,fua,innal,al r,cquilihriodei"'l'l"W',difor1,a ln.po6ttec1.ilecpoten:m,h11n:.-la~di-·-•poncchucwi<1ucnmi delP..talntnlofnlllceK~piilllldi,inc,,elloMlliaao.111npihnninfani~IKJlerepoliric:o ...... dell',.a..bbio nnQgiodi IIDlldo.-cr....,.iuarc .. , _ ..... prtlllfioie,ri....io, ronlldkk-..,enxchtdlab~dmv- ,nlauoch_..deicu,,andi miliw, cdi paop,liliwclolC.........,..,11'............... di pe,n". L<opolm,idlo!di LloydO....,a1111roreccamdi,.-.. di.Jo!hneflapiMfficaririnehclliça..._.,_dl, cono&idrnzionidimnodo"""'lffMhli•ll'OIO<'a......., ... dl1111pta'l'J'POIIOctituhun CW1itll00Mk:~k, . . ..,.,_dwlaoù'llcplbrnwricari"*"'11Mldamenk ancontaalla .... opa,U1l11iamtlnffll(pollficadiMoocoMvale,..,..,,. dilir,eed1creclilO qH ..lcau. impiqo dtll'acn,ilo III t.c, volorw,a)". Tuw,,ia lo ....k, mili!M'C: e la ~ dello afonio ..;1,w,e clrllc nmoni bc:11.....,tì nel quUU clrlla perr1 di i..........-••nbbcprn10-.-chtla~~1fwtiec,n,ironlprimilffffli di n,,m-,,,Jt=z::l(,Mdciladaaktlica .... ,....,,emi., poocn, miH...-e. u r . 1 1 ~ provedeirM/;atu11e1.....,ideilllOdemil'eri,;ledella_..,-..deli"e'~ (0,urçhill Dei Oardani:11,)c d e i ~ p,.ititìci ndl'orpaiauiunc: ddl'indmlria delle 11111nÌlD<)IIÌ (IGlcllenerì. la.:elladi...,.,,...,, la filoeo6!i dd s.,1-,s..,, Uno/11111"1Yfft(1 l'intl'OClurir:Mlcdella c<JICriri(w ot,Niptoria, l'awiodi bmcsil ..... antrioaali di
<:<:J<W,nunmtoinlcnJ\cMo.sil'Mlennnoncl malioporiodoilàuoriclrtcrminanlidi.Jr'IWlk:,(()CbmcaacAd' mll"""""cdipaodcivaricidclGntnolS!4.Mllapoli11a1di .-,..t:di~anchcilwmiairiocb"""-di-lfnltbnlc1n.QovNIIO cComuodo'l, . ..-OaiMmaiflcaniW11~.......,...•1ocmltillO,primadi,;u~,nd 19111, 11ellc dimiuioni dd acncnlc llllhnbon , nrlla mai par1amn,u,e pnvora1& dalle
rivclaznia111tao1Wnp1delamer*Maurke,ulle~....,i~dillo)'dGrorsc
nocllad,~dcllapnn,... lnlulia,ladialc!tica~lamenlo-all'llli>:io,al-..;,.,dicil,dlc~ .. .,,_,..,. di•,-.. ... ,lkaee-pe,riequilitnr,e,ifllPPO'IÌdilornln.poltl'e ci.ile,........,milì-."-qiiidi--.ifanori: l'-..cmadiorp1illli1116oaalie""'&CIN pn:,çedunliil,JrMOdir1-.win:illawworolkpllc•lkC-cdi....-il peao
etr..,n;..., nella po1,1ia di pena o..1r exmp,o dtlle ~ i rnn«IIÌ o ddllo s.1«, C.-ilttt...,~E,:pmdilw,ycrntamGnalkelajpllftl!'l'l 7); 11~do.. · - = -·-ddllo ~jSlaantfllaneinlWl-di lc:alti tllihll.JOnale. acccnniaaandle dalla ..,,..,,.,. .... ..., laderpoio-...lc,Gioliai. il~ ......__ ccinuibuiva ceno a diu.i!W" n...,.;., di doppi<'ua di .. "'-lamenlo ,.;,....._ naitrali-.du,po,tloa~al,_.....,.,...~lidllcia;il ~ 1111;p.tame,,...., di alcun,""'-• menihn ddl' _,..,, ,a pr,11111 W.... e Sonnino. poç,:, propen11 al - r""*' con l'IUII a Monk\:,.....,ea ..-Hl dcH' ~ c u m e
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9U\llllellh.ldl-poliUQ IIWOftlkff.MIOAehe..-iva ,oweces,andt iq!onaazas11 ,n F"""""ffi! it, lna:llii-r.): ilddlcio dt ....,.,.. dtlla p,e_,.,..dtl C-111to. incapl,ce - ao1o di n1ahvM'I: 1111 clf"M:acc 1n; m1r1iMri. ma ...,..1tu1io di .,.mare 1a ~ - CM!alillQ- dclll.-,.del mn1uodealì EAm."" _,,. propno-aovemo nellO'"nno-. Ma!IOpalMlo~ ~oomoCCIIUlllOOIIM'~,Jalpul<"tL,<iak .....,1.,,.,., fi,, , l ~ poliho:u.._,,..,,-...,.Ke,clo1W1 la10,cilpru,cipodemocnticodi ma~daU'aluu.dr lamderi llbnioCNriale ddpcm;iSalanoh1111 1IINlffl c ,I pupo 191&.~ ,l C<lffli&loo <k, ..,,,...., p,~vollo:a,·rd,h: , -,f-ilpropo1110 di ri-ettCIIOOmldalC....-dolllpffll0. "°''811doàd,lmaiealladnmm,uòca..:,tlta ~ - op,;i,oo,i -11ctidlc: Kp,itt llh'K1'adrl/,,CCM1J-.doc fa del Re"",;_,. dce1f1VOdellapol1tDdi.,......o. •·-1q111ttt-logi<'o,...1 i -. linal1ua11alla di,lui:ariono:dcl potercdi 1llfflllnctle NMidcl11"''CfflD~livo.con una JRUOCIM! i""iiabile-pllriaBICfllan:dellllormad1p ·enooe<>MOKpCt1Le~tu dellalllOMl'Cl!ila t6pifa,J,-,ddll~. MaoiSal.oòln,11~-.wdotponibilea .... " " " - dd -..ido lipo. La <1ecosioned,~.nc1c.,..,,.,c1t, ......1Smdel.l011111&JO.lalO&Ul- t1ocadoma da -...1;~ ~ • - ...- . ~ a ~ opinione di rimmm: al 1iooirin del Kc, til&,,tiode\la _ _......,d,fonoo,m,oqwtlo fflCilminilffll Ria:oo-hl tim<n, nctlt raa•ne dd,..., d....,, d i ~ eoone ..n ~ '"perU.rianmio cM1i1..,.IOMlc"". tacomq,,aa, d, ,.,.1o.,......,m r iaWOdella vm1 "'IIKffli;._- dd Cadoum,,1po#Pttj,,,w de!laooàMtu10Mdo ....... UMIKffll10M Che•enpipmipinta wn ,I r.11;,-.dclla,i,edi,;,_a O.-,.,.,(cla~ddda:fflodcl 211 lètltno<>cllc dava • I miniltro della 0....... e in 'l""I cuo rio,!, al ,owmo, il .,.,.,_.,, dtlk !(ne opcnnliinAlblnil). Ma clM: ffl-l""lqinimaDdll ft«'NMorlghoaM delpoitff civile Della ai.i elle Hna po,1110. in 1iuano. alla MKÒla del ll"'ffllO &o.clii: OAia l'a,cr il parlarncnl01111W1C11t0. 1n qwlla c1a ~ p o i e n , dT,:nho dtcunuolloA<lla ,...,... (commi.....,;, wmiuili ,qld, • ..:c., pllfl! ri....,._IO nella d~'°"" alta c......);., cad,;o di,_ piit 11,p ..,..,._,.lali,·iw. .,...__ 4cll'e1«11t1•<>'". Con l'cl'kno. D O ~ paadc:,Hale, dì - Camm. di conHlpft il mutimodidlltiaowoutitiUl)ffliQ'-.4,ak:,di~l"ÌIICal*iA dìi11fflli~lormc di llincrJi.
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vero,-l,efdrjkdtll'iftlicm,tdcllcpWidccilioni.,;1nanc~Ji:ll'h,"""'•- Nel omo ,;i,U'lu.lia, • di~ il vm,, Il pntnlneftl:I dtlla p,.,h1>e• nell'ÌnlpOf,l.l>ionè "-i problemi milii.i cli .:w.11ac urpnir.utivo e ...-p,o, Ili pure oono filmu dì inlttkftftt.l dric"f'Ìd, .,._0011lcdcciliutli,opr,rnr,1atcd.oil0ali<.imili1ari'",do...-,11"""""'"' in,~iahnanei-....,,:ti,-~lòmilarioMdi..,...,..ili~,lbl,mon,Ma,pn:,pr,,o alla ronf- di R,,p,,llo.•llc-C>Olldi..uoni ,inocolanli po.4,:dqli al1.nili alla=-·di rift~ "'I fivnl,o,iuoliano''. f,. lc-(IUMi ~11~pn,prio la ~dcll"allo> romando.aulqualcil .,....,.,ilal1MOdo•11 ~-divnltr,c,rgiscrwt/". M•,v' t•Ja.i~chewl pNMlfOpcnocloil MPCmlcliroopm,ziooclra-.Uc1•ilc e eova,,u militare"""-.....,... la..,. foru pnnc,palc ili Italia dal f,,IQ ~ 1111 l&oon1cmpcrMndtlk>t1ilcdic:omlftdodiDia<claroalalullkpramnmDI-.W c.ap<:> del p<'nlO in tcnO al ConsiSlio de, mm,lòffl in..;.,,; uchc della . . _,..,~ ,xl dirmi,., iaicnllaio"". Comc ~ infam - - Ritlolari a Maia,octi,..,; primÌUJmi IM'fflidcll~l•sliaff-,d,~......,.,,_,.,.,..l\111lmen1ellndan:pcril•ff110puSIO, &1WC•llaprC1C11oZ1di11nf'Taidenlc..xndi..-.e". E,.pcròdall'Cif)fflCt\laJcll""'la·chcOrlandoupcv•,-d,oncu;ian:wmcpochialtri, pazie anche .Jl'lbiliù incanlllOtl• <io ""'clo<juma s-,1uneni.c .t.,,..- l',mpianlO delle l<M e...,; - i mai aa Ollmflcata alla '"°"ione- dri """'immll - e~ ot""""" rapo dd Jl(Wm'O•'"""'*lnllo
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TRA COLLABORAZIONE E ASTENSIONE: I SOCIAUSTI ITALIANI TRA IL 1915 E IL 1917 NEUE CARTE DI MORGAAI E BISSOlATI'
Luigi Scoppola lacopini
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Nont<:-.k~fanochoildopulalolorincKdifflllll<:alle~e.ii.risi,d,tiidifondo del!-Ava1i!M, nel ..,..·cmln del 1917 avvcn,- ,t .,,...,... di alluptt diharrilo. con l'invio di m,quE lunpe lcncn: al qwbd,_, Ml.a Sc1n1maw al pni,tOO a,,::,p, di ,11........,mqholeouc•ffi=.·- ;r.nc l'annop,uedenteÌIIPatlan:lenlo". Allo5!a90iempo.1uunia, il~pc<lll,-,.-imp,div•ai..,.,ial1J11diape, diocemerc1nlefa'ffSCC">'fflWlli~chea-inÌZIM<)1ciiWIN'cnrll916. Tunm ldeocmp,o.,UMlcuenaH 'wA,·ant,! w, ~ifta\'ale~pnplessoùdolrontraUe~ piuno.10C'>'uivea,W1U1tdllloGnman,a,aconlnmachealmcoopc<inr..,.,iS(i-c' cn ,ndoffcrawi,·cooil 11podipaç,efutln". Nun""'*"'ia"'po,'l'*l'CMfflOnelllOC$oltneaR IOd&f111olaconfm:na,~lafd"-..delll~diffl<>Mdelle1e1iJ'nlflUllnllle dli ....,iali:Ui 6n daa)i ;nw del conlliuo. Nou,va ;,,r.n; cht w;._ nella ... ,..,..."""'• r,aca,~11,.....u~pan,fn.sa,ped,*""""'l'""°dopol'altro,iconcct1ielmo1,viòoll,M.-.. zionc.-,clal-". Slanlela~..,.;1...,ffldi.Mallodelconlli11u,la~u.1.11a JW1Cht1211.; fkevll 11m1iff; ... om,pn:Tlll"ltl ooh,o cht npmc1,n,. il 1m1adelle prufk,w dipar,r111ciroolal',._, So<1me,.-.~roue ..io«oocartatnelpriori•'""""*'•lc""".., pmfitd:i.....,.-cmmaikdcta:comcfllloinpm:cdfflzaquando,vnapalcul010U(Hdullbo ,n _,w,.onininwv.mc ,I -,dagpu.pnl cMprop)CQtflC'111,·a. lanciModalcanttllictt ~lkttlmann-Holl"·'l....s-oomu,_....i....,JICffflllfflefl1,,n.. r1r11p,mdett l1manoclalp,a.,~10,,.,,.,,....,~.,.,,_~,..,. 0wiamo:n1c. comceral'ff"rdoblle. fu bm-,ooltainc- 50t11l,-.laRi\·ol..,.,._diF-one,l~c atit:.1tirnmtodello 1arismo'' e.aloo,,lml1JU.la-..cclcbn;alloclwoncd1lkncdclloXVvm""v"""canc un·1111le....,...ta". ln11lc.........,.,..,,,..._..,o , i............,.ilcclellftdtaconod,T..,vnalla Camna in cw II pn:annunria,·• cho ....11·..,v...., \ffllum - vi deve Q)<R pii, JIIC'A•. chorxcohe111,p,--1oelpu11ia". Lc~clcl"""r'ffi"'ed,..,, ·~i-,1ilin'°"WI$1atlwn(oribAllaM1dl,,clamn, .... a,·YC11immli ddl 'au!""""dd 191 7,oo,,Capon,Mpmna c lf.Mi>-ol1WOMd'OI-
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Sul-.ik,p,qp'ffA>01...,,.._..mmcodo,_dcl_fivnlo poh11CO..,.wd!be )'ill-dtfinirlo,cnnuo.la'*lfflPl!di~Jlì..,i.wt11fflffllirontrihul1~ bcnzin1 111lfuoo:odi~dcll'odiom:ipoco.dcllav~.,._.,,katnll(Ulra· lislieiapo,U<Olan,-=a1M1dlW1 lalo e .Wl'ahru<!Vlv~fM11c~triotti,,,:o.na;oo. 111lista. Conlapm:1....rioncwnaviactoeli1ra1iux<b-1octairnpariin-10 l1 ~ lil<>g,>o·..,...,v11i..,v1"°"'l'a.Mffoololamb<11dolla«tUUn-elltn..,d>e .. _....... a1 oonlrariut;Ollln> la - . """'lnlli,aa, in mooo.,.,.i _..,,.,;., ... ,.,tr.>Car!.o..--.n ,n pa<· lenDI.Gli amai fnnti oard,t,erolllllirxcoltilmdiill'ommr.diMo~S<ll"Goomale d' llllil"1Wi•·oc,fl0allep0'1ijonidel,ninit.1ro""1:~Eole,--,Scnlinoil lltrllgiool917ffl. >*IIW .,,;,., clii. .....i......., . r - l i : : ~ 1 Morp, "'quahùo di .tradilOlu• A llll~YIIÌ!;«da,ioCl)llll!aclk,;:an,:M(orpri.......,<>Oa$Cn'IICokwielcna,:epoeoie l'"'flt'di iMUlr~....,..,....,, - . LldmnònoMp;,i rironffllo I"" Mo,pi e, -.;.tM~ quclladin.m:dciwvmdi.c,•.dci l<lllldiloridclla1N1trib•l aoldodel ncmico{il opo,co leclnooo>~d1eli"'°lcninm,inpan111cb,,!-lapaMCftSellfflllft lilci1,o. ln11Ndel l9llffllll"' 1916 ,n~Kc&li li inli.....-.di linlilawu...,.. latuknllilJldiriJ'ura. ..tri-i 1i11Cffi1 uk,n..ialip,tt(IMOl.,. d1e -c,ìsarl,Cftlririclwriiinbri,xiole-perw,o•;c-· clowlendocoo• lnllll'IW)•...~cbff«fl:1111,.,.tdi~IIUIOl>. ln una carll)I,... do Nllf'Oli dd li oa,,bn, 191S ionmc-..n,k qJ<'fldo IIC'i p<ll'Nlli, ,._.,, che riplna~i tn E"""" . . . . . la &invi CCII -.mtnti IN'('ol'l•i. COii Y"""'UÌOIÌ
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m.:hidi un.,,o-d, ~ -. laroi,llin,,atili - ~mail"opicc di Torino. ll ci,polqop!ffllOl'letem.-dflra111""1a1mdomarufesuzioniallllrolapcmfin <laolffllUKll9lJ. ln .....,t.-.ledi_,,.,.-;f"'l"lU"ai~il l 0 , ~1 2 c pnnulM!trail 17 cil 19<kl....,....l!'Madoowoncn,addifi•indrllccanclw:dica,1111cria p c r ~ llpn,4H1a;il C'O<>tlllll-ifiodi..,,,__..........,.;ffti1icoltre""n:n1inaiodi
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IL NAZIONAUSMO ITAUANO E LA GRANDE GUERRA Saverio Battente La dmnwoM do...,_.~ da Gooaml,.., \Wpe pet" i'A•i, oona ufl\cialmenle nrl1910afimli<C,....,111>11.,.tidll-tolopnlc-ori&i11L11111~dop,II .... OlewllarioM.., °"'f fll l!Viuncn10pol1UOO",-...io Il p r t t - 41 Fnw,, Oaell. quiui • I Mill,nu nel 191'. • appliaA alle d10ff.lle - - a1r- ·- • coavlalo inlervffllÌlmo .ii. " pandc a,.,cm" c1e1 lla>!oonal'""" i111i...,•. L'ttMffl.11 in1....,., inlàni,_,.,..,,.lllcW.-didl"A11i "'llemli 1fumatun:ci<ralc mo11.-.rionicJli~MivillOtW9i'. M•tcrill cnpiùooncno v,til>ilc
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l'idea<!iftaLM.)ftCClaM1Awuca-nllllilZionc:• . . - dariferiniilltMoOirrNmti11.11 c ri""'l1ifflffllak,di,,_daquan11>nanellem1enDOllldi Mar,av11J1ia,U.. ff'ffl>1.o Coppola. pcrcw, il nanonlllismodln-naridìoqp:ian, idmùni Ìnla11i cdtoaoridtllo.wo ...,haoo.Ulè<IOlh11U1"tmlamon<:ac.1co:o·ie.c.anadif.nria!Corndlai'. Chlod,..,an11i m,p>nd 1911a R,,.,. l'A"' ....civa...,lla,ciac,no1ivalkllagwnndi Libia,11111pnma._dtl_...._,.• . , _n,dipolitoai-.,..d,c.1u11a,'111,na Mrc1t1n,m1<--mnqu,,llaewni. laoci-">inlnwdcre"'"*li o l • ~ c l o t i l IJUPIIO...,.,....,~ oll'"1dea nu.1Mak·1~farcpropr,opcrL'inlnllAMOCMOlKMI(;. l.aq...,.Ì<llleanridffllocntica.N1faai.•a111,.....,..,.,._v,.;,,,ne~""'npoliuca e,tera.110<1..:c-h1- dal lenlpl,cc,!ftdl:nl,..,.,_La...,_....,_.,,.• R.........,c•<li11e,pl......,, la v111 in1tndielpo,ew·.di~dallcdcnwdolflrt'ptnc1dctparl1h llc:mocn,11C1 _iol,cd1~t.llro~pro:,......._iamulomlblc,na1iwwmc.di f..-c al paruio .,.noi-, r_,,, • d,fC'IIJm:, ,..,nc,p, di "'npll 1u1<,la dtlll -.,,.,," dtlkl ouio·,C01ioomclmriu:a1idaCav... eCn,;pi'. Alla ,1Jihadd k>ac,ippioclella ivar""'pcna.qu1ndi,l'Aai0111..apiddino:andoalcuni 1n111idl<1'Ca•rdlboroCU11nJdiMi111<1lrhnce,...........,.ichedipolKic,aintcnoacdn&m1. O<,p,il~di M1laoodtll'll,.pv1talllffll'Cfflp,ridiaicconomiaod1Alfrcdo Rooi:o. ,._. dirsi conol,- l a ~ .......,,, da "\'an(I· a...,._• ....,.,,,,,..., polma,. Hl piano 1a1CmO. Sul poano Ql..'f\l r ,ndirw:o Mlionalilt&. ••v«c. riman,,,·a ariron ,a ..tibmo ...iooloocll,arod11111akl'Vfflt.....,.~1.ca,ru110 .S.ddinin:. func.~.pcrlecrintoti ........ ,ltdol1<d,olcontlioomooodillcallcfDIC'. ..,.,....,.,.,w,111fani.clot..,..,.,,...PWOftOCqllironol'cncr.u,in1....,. it.alllllal. ,,....,.-<'>1lnll• ...:Il< in ol •,omo docantMo. da p'W,iri<ini pamaLmm1e d,,..,mili. Gii BmedelloC"""' a,~.. iadi<Mo wll· t:go,,,,·INudi Mario MWM ilei punti
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dacaipa,ti,epcroompmdm,lanllhlnlddna,.,.,.._òtaliMo.1ndìvi,l..andondla monca di fi,w Meolo a,Wiclca di p1w,a • nv.-.., muwo 1p,nlo. n 'PfflO a qu<llo elle 1,·cY11M11ma11> il R~ '. Nc1 190l,1afan,. Morauoavnapu1Mo d1Mm,pa1,1liM111> a,1i11ia,M, a,11,cipando ir, incdo ...:o.a,...,. molti doili iw,.:ip, po, npoc&i e l \llupp,m da Com.doni', Al mntrario. ptf e-i,_, c-,11,..,.,,......,. r,rroocr,,;_ , •.,.,.,..., una pn.,.,.v,-po1iueaol-litmo,lll«ndo . .l'-1U4dclla~llldi,iduanolo 1 1 C l r . - del 1908 da pane dcll' A....u,a ddla Bot,,11 Er°.(eJO'I,.. la V - del ....,.,imcnlo,DlOfflCrit,vcJ1ioi,,d1fQaqilÌ-IIIDOM!i.in-lQl-,;l-poli1,ca
d1 madunitl cd, rin,,.,,,.., pcrpcUMa$1Go,.emo llal~. I.o MC:stoC-ili111 m, pnò ro.1mw•.,...:~.....,lilnl-di1M1'°ùftdtnl...,•l1M1Pl<WimDMp,ullO<IOche MlmfflC'JÌaloM,dll'n-.lo•llc,li...,.ar filolriplicnlcchel'Ani•YCYllcoltiVMOa.lNIOiMcmo, fi110•ll,,v,iililidtllo~delCl>llllino.in_,,,,<kiprincipidion:liweditcipN,.._propri dclloM111ourpn;ciAico, nooooducibili.~.pi-chc•V'lalnl•llfflino.conoela driltwonepalllGènmm.ldi-')ltoleUnlM.dl......,d1C°""""•'··..... - , ., F.no I'. . . l""IP' di IMI 6lolriplicitlfflu. av,ialoti «- Crisp., llllla lf'IIIII ,imi,tÌ\111 e politica d,..,.m,r..nonep,,r,L...,.llolede9ccodel...cdl-lflonwli,cti.a_..oo,n\loho&]1 tt'Ìl!Midetmnrsi-,-.:a-lfllpriio ...i-.i-.l<>lol<'lpkl. Dtlml01'1nffC'l'lll1ttnO- ... bulakl•ma-..cn:Si&hcloall'mlefflOclcll'A111. rn..tr:ando eome delll Cld il m,IO deU. ...,imclidll lffldi:,oonc irrcdenti,uM IIPf'lll'IO. cwc,aac dia c-11,., alll ~,s,1.. dctrm111111 in pc:m, dcll'lllha. celu1ffl). pa lii poliloca_,. ben alire MOllva.ooni, ocollept,,li 111111111 Pf'l'<'ÌIIO pny:11<> ...1p;.n.,,n11....,,c..........,.,1111..,...-pi11d 1914 .. _iv-,diMii.....<la-Uo
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l"ur~comefonnalmeMoirrmmlilla.wllll...._iLnazicaaliunoi11hano, allavigitiodellapem,.••~.. ....ciloil ....... diriddi,nini.mpe!IO•qucllor..t.:ex. lflticipandu, lo..,.,...., n SiP"'"" 1a ~ MtrM,_ MmlaleM, imdttiando quarion,dipol11JC•i...,_,_,...,.;v&t>Oaadipolitiaies1en1•. 1nmodocrilicovn,ol'Anl. dtl '"'°-Oooe•~ietc> ... J*llllclÌlmOD'lli ... .-imenà..faceNodìquelloitaliano
""dopp,ontdcl c......,~".AnchcGntilcc'><>lpc,ainbena.ltreinlonanoni. ......_ , ~........ dmloJdofiliMiaM ...ll'Anldalf..,...;n.a•11·..1mcMfe,:M,çU1Mdi 11.anà e Maulfti°'. M.o aau l,lalj pri. . c...ndilli e Coppola e poi, 11>p111hu!10 Roo:co, •l"l""""'"l,,natunclrlrawo,toaislcnleniduo....,..;fflel'l,;,;llldn·iduuido,nquello iu~aoo 1 inni di vualill 1111 i - - , esln'O, 1oeuni d a l ~ MLI puuto., proprio di'fUdlor....ca...dle111.poi,farderi......,ancne-di,ena~·-c1c11osw.,c dri-rapponia.laCllooA". L'~inlani,1""••......,un'eco~ apatffdoiprimilrnllidiConadilli.cb.-lafacCUClK<>lmeraria. lnqucs&O,pur d1 fromeall'.:apparu'"moditslma"Wlpoclllllllc:ontetlOd•~Ml..a laditfttmU ML.a ~ - di ,.._.r.o,1,fti e P.tpo,1i ed Mli Rtp,0M di Comdtn,. cnlnlfflbc riv1111e: della ~lclicnnaflom11... do1111l'iBl«oio.l'adpnmo,1111àru,.,1n111,...,anraver:ao1l .,....n,n.-i, di J"lffC ina.oen:IIN nsc,,en,ionc,nonkwl.,..,,.. '"""""dqW IIIIÌMl,pa ,1 1«ondo.111~.-ilndloamo1clcslillldipando:011da,_._,cwcandgi-,i di".,òtpe". "clcsl1no· e~Gllffpinfffl,-.dledodopo il l'l4~...,,;1ep; adunp,c,:ooprogc:t10polilocoaulpianoria,;,,onak.s«o.doPrc-aolìai.pcnl1ro,octW11J 1ra
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Corndim. 111fatti, ria,,niova nmo:. mmln: rllalia nna in O<ho wi. polltlCI dtll'avwmunw. lo!alm:nuioni.alc.:,enric,."cunq,ri11a._iMomoaolOia.._,noarow'"· UII evidmlea,mo i-,1c. L'aplQlioniwno evoca10 ed ...,.;c.o ptt nulilo cla Com•;lfoi • _,,, dtl ,.._.lismom., • wo ~ l'•lli-alkpoli1icht"*"'daleakrep,lk'IW!.;o.tinmuli.
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dtllaviunarionakclallapolmça_,,..alllpohrica-....". L&poliliea-quindi. cn1WOilflilaodet.-.a,odalltr.efllfflca1""9llapolilica dcllllZHlnalÌlnlO. KbbeK-.on,privudi ............ ~..,n,,quesiionidipolilieoinlfflll.•
cu1. 1,1dlbcdMo11111~-ilpentWr01lwidioo-ocodiRo«<>'". N~OOllfr(lntJdcllaci.«d<ri~ lihcrak ... d a t l ' ~ d i Trip>li. Cornd,nicn
sc.iomlico,dlolVbilo. 111ntn:nti,:o,ofronb6dlo111111~dcll"F-,111 tvevaaYV10 WflM.....-di ...... Oli-.
Nc:lliprrflJ':iono:alJotOW>l...... 1... ~ " - i l l~ a , n l'akmklOroma,uo. ,.,,p,,lniJ"""-,l'ncflttt111k .,_,_,,; ridùa\a,·a all'~mloMalecriapi•in Abi!IWllia del 1896• .,...ndu•la,....,....,.. f• - ~ dl,ll'Mlima dq.li iwiani•. IWI" 1 v ~ I W l " " " " ~. A...,pa,1"ll.......-i,;1;11iMdavanllltKriM.o IICÌ '"p;ll1tialltiwc nri sisltml poli= pcnucimi ptt la pMCku.1.det . -. O,iara cn Il critica a1 libenl"""'cd .t IOCW..,,.....
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..,..,..., d1trhalia dd...., iemp:.,". Proprio que1k> -.,.ilo tducaivo per la todeùl italimlllllpffll',11al-nmmali-._....., Corradiai.p,.-.fOfPR'-~ ptrricra.pdau,cla.-~ci-dina,:nic. ;,,n,;tndirioneemodenltllwnpuMOdi cquilibrio. rinlflo:aallOdoollu..,..,u.:nlldl'-cni:Ua nol...-..~claKOfW ,..,n...,.,dtl dirino. Sttondo Corndllli 1'11nprrial...., llllliano
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La~ M i - da Conadin,. quindi, pw avmdo itM:liMZÌol!i .....---~cn-da1111-~Ìlla,~IO~ o,._-mdit,ilc:pcril ,;limo .....,.......... doft,i- , t MOOlfn.t livclk>in~le". UMpolila..-.. .......ionislicaen..da......,_.wo...,elfflwooOffltralo,del~iero IIL<ioaal,.._diCorndini" . l'orli- - i, prrallro,piinl'IIIIIÌdiO'A-.,taJ-. Mon.:.almm1ek> -puc1111inipaCSMft1111dmonaJ~a~ddl'i"""""""'inp,ma, ..-....... Nmkl aJl"A., fia dal 1910, L'inlen-.,._ del~ .-,11,, "l'lldìo. a iornuc, d, ......w. nn11VWl, ~ d n t f m - - .... ~ , 1i ..imidq:lii111iMi.-ric:ak:avale
POMl>Oflia-anodell"..,._inp,e,ra~lk-lP\IWOdell'lckfl~. Oidrola fl'IOric.a.i11f1111i,Jl i,....'""--IN*-•toncfflianti•del aaà<n11..,., a11rori'l'fflO a1r..."""""""""""'H'q,idal.-,a.Erioin.-.r~di......,po;._i,1,c .,.,......,;.,_in.i;diM1'IIOli•i, risollocmlal'onlwladelk>_f__, A,o;:hel'inlen'flllÌ!fflDimperialisllfanopropriodalp\lA)Ockll' lda, -.i:iunale. luUl>"ia.. · ·~11•1-iMffllOdi-i~..,..:ch.. deliedr."CnCP""f'Cl1ÌW,lepiealprogetto narimati.a. 0opo ...· iairiaie~,r-ddl'ms:rc-:> ia.,.,,...,·iciaoaJlaTriplite, ònfani, Comdiffl fc.::c 1111 l'idea 1''- Feder-i ••cva . . , . _ l'impo,tallDdi-~di ......,l'al-...conla<lcrruniLeflA'l'beManvi&lia "'C'VWIOl*""°diinlimffllOilaliano.pal'llllia..ll.oa:o.inmo,1V>e>"amanlenUIO"" 1negia,,ncnlocau10,-poo,endo~wlleallean.oe. C-aalavuloJ,o,ùdiiM:n'c,wcparidi,;,cplft il!*Xtulpi-.illlcmu..dnlm!, dino1apoMldodovna_,ma_aacill~, oehhewdiversir.-opoi1li esililllumi. l.a-.c.aeditrice"t.' llaliall~, ,..ll«in ilfi_.........,diBomlJrinicFetnm,che l \ ' I M l ~ a wL'kifaMÒ<IUlewdi~llllquo,id.-0, -cnJl«eUlnlacamn• pm,e della~......, del 111tpfoolo MnONlist&. piutlOIIO ,t ..., l..cldo ciaitmo 1·;...,.,.._,.. di a l ~ -cpcbe pcr .,fm,w,e la
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c.ihln .. wr,.·trio dt!LI p,q,ria idta pobtin" Oiwnamtnie da u·AnnllftZIO per
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dtfficiimc-n,pllcabilc""'.....,..,wndel lllOYlfflftllO.
<fi""'IIP'". IIIC.,i_.,..,,'f'*"*'C~WUIIÌelttrw,ntillWWIIÌ>i. qu,11li. ~c,illunl,1'(1Mistrionidlt,C#ffllltltbckfship,unila- .. riçl,......,.J1,, , ·iolen)ea •·fflllllcc poi <l'\"t'ftlU.1hica, poi ,cphmli in oa;n"""'dell• 'mlln:il Ml R°""'" L"òd.9delLl,_...,qu;ndi.pldall'l1 4 ••<1'\-.ad,.,...ietonu:ional... _ funzionc cen1ralepe,traol'omaarelo- cpe,1I-U'affliwllaoc.ieliliu,lia,y i,,_MM(lfi_,
romerilflOO&lpnlcofidcdelLl.........,iaarione.da ...,luin:allll>Kioulinarioncdellc bor&f*lr'. lh!CC0.-1ohdlclo"'•"""1•1U1formazionegiuridito--
cultunClllfflCO-lmaaria.lltnmcnticliffio:,lmm1eumolopbik:cunlak:puoiòuniqli ~ ; d, I.a perno. io,flllri, fu io,..,.., r.11. - "'' piano del <:<>ir,WJlgin'"""' diMciplinatodelk , , _ •Ili cai... lW'.JO!We. mo l\t.., - - in lamini di daronzioM ~dac,,,ri~pcrndòoqpwrcils--
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Odn:sao,i,, qucll•fae.•1-hlmO-mirl\...llaoonqui,wdellc-ffll ddcalmcdl..........i•p,:,.;nani__,.-..ricic~in_,mudemu, ~quandoavvillloCUflllJPll"ftdiLilNa.lOCl!aendoli-lll<lriali>modw: • I libt...ilifflO"'. D'AIVMlllloo fu. cemr po, ..:caaivameaie MIWòOliai."" ricmrnlo -~pcrragÌltllF"'INllw.ahmnmtidiftk11mfflW ,.......;1111c.M1 m,,ta&od,ma
politia:l,nonon,olopbilc. nmavia.alndod1rnm111nn1Cn10. Erailccnatiwdiunapm1e d<U. halia.dofron:allalllllClcmiuazio.dir9Ml&lienoelcAide.fOIIOffldoli_,.-.rion,,c
U'adirillncadifesaclillflpuAOOda~t_,.._, MailM<Ìllnll,....,dtlla prm•.n d,Cornd111i.olcpo«ittnoni<;llcdelVate.""" 1vl't'bbno~.datolc.polltl0indìrizzm'ellpolllicadcl pac,c.lM!10CI CUOdella
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inlen.idell'l1aliacla ... pmmono ...1piaaoilllnUrionale. ~ I'""°"'° di ..,. pane poadenu, delk fune isbllmMlli, ~ per nlflll\'UD!i di•"ttW, dl,Jli--...1i miliwi.-~ · · ed ilri!Uriouli, i1 IW!ionaltlfflOda
llliodiffi<:i'-a'òfdlbc-.-lo-riwl1111n. And1 111\'ff9i_,.;1narlon,alisn,o ahl'fflaMO dillkitmmw quelll put11 di c i - d,ri~ OCl«ffl!Hea ~ riufciia 1 1ro,arc..,.,i.,;.-po1i1ic11r1n1il<:Qli"'°'""''IU~•INOY«a110.pruvUI001cm:w1:
... doflk,kfl!"~lbrivlra0D11ndi-atinnova,,-. [)'AMIIRDU. p!.fflVU, fu un cocmpio riJit>ik di •inicncflisia i11cfVt•111110·, inlillll. ~allllOn,,>lodi-*l~qudlodi-d'aooa,e. ~ - ~ nri l.antÌl'n di 11n'1niYiditopnUtunopn,p1p,,d1•icacdi OllftVMOtt,
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~-~ari~p,eM..,Wlldllk:w,cimrill,vcn.-eoelcbri.romcilwiloaa v ....... 011Rc1&dì Buccari•.Nd-pro>-•fN'li-d' IZKIIWli-•wic:iM10 Id ak:1N11 esponenti ddl'C1oMIIO, pi naòonalitli ddll primo on,quliCOHlnN'I Ciano e L11i1i Ri,;,;o, J'l'O"Mdo• ribeltan: lo 1tt11icionoonn 1U010D11fioonb 1>-.uato dli - . d, fffllì......, M1>11n, "..:nvac....,r....u. .. r......;. c-..:n,..· wpo;1 ,·oloai Vienna.
Enll~dop,.ll'n:l'.:anloaidlW1individulismoerooco.dlp,n,den,adC!lefllPIO, hu<di ........ idcadcl-,;....t..-,.cn,c,à . .fnrmon,1'11alil,1..,,ilndoll-11 .......,ilipc,ilnmitcdrlllpii,lodi_riob.... iffiocdiinlel~,dco""""*diclc..,...; ...11c ""'-OR. faccwdodelllcul111n1cdcll'_ l o _ d i clczioiwc~n,........,_, n,niupnciotradirionl:c,..,.a,oo. L'idcadi,.,....ifutwim.alcontrario.eniltcn1111ivo dÌINl&n'R"'dÌUM,dlffl...li, ~ dioo,nprco,d,m,l'~rivolotzionlnadetlllldll ~.Wll..:omDcdllll--.wan.,...iarcalllotnlralitiddl'ialcllc1L...Jcc
dcll'Ml*"--IP'*at-.-. O,.,... ~ di <ndihililil e aonnv• fu ,q,IÌC.lb
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na,ioulioci dello prim1<ncdl1VMpant:diqudliehcpoi~ll,dttlnlla:Kon<dd"'°"'imcn1oda -.,,.,;..·1"vcru",i,, >eno<>politice. U&O Ojcffi, ad Ckmflio. di lffllOlb ....io..iario. Ma {w il IIJl'PPO ddl' lcb na,ion,olc Id 1wr• l"""riiev-. PittnF~ l\opcNWalladireztoncdclladtfeM....--.di Vd('L"',Ìn'fl"!lilidi•'*""-io. , - ~ C"A)Ola"' ~ • - ,oiu.i- pM1cndo"" 11 &unlc. E&li • .....,. bmn,,raaokrqio,,/111t1,..ikl'inlervctllo....,.:a,doi.....,...li>,liin...,-,onic,,,k, ~J11"L' ldc,t..,_.. ,1a11~neomequdl.l...,_ _ _ l'1.11ti.... I_,.. riwwJ........lc,.. Il primo ddl'l1111ia""""" paklln" M.ririn M. .vi&l11 oi...., amoolalnoome•'Olorl'""°"'"'iwl"'"'"...,...,..,r.,,,"'"""vol1eeriponandnllOoc<:1I vakft. 11.ohtno Foraa Dov - i fu ~ecltic(noooo. la med"'lh• di vionip,fflOil,_,1eCro,;cdiConwliooinYlll'q,cu. Lui&iFcdom,nil\ivolontarioed anch'fll1dtronio.
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pa,bR,diloru,cwiolm;t.acpnucwll-,.adollpnucare. s.. ~chcdopoilroallino.ilion,oddk:lotoideci11...,;ioa11apnn .... rnim di-.oonai-,doad_....,_freddoccimc:oYlilcallelosiehtdellaM:,i,:w. Ewiclmle,......a.al..-.io.lo....,.,..,il..,.,dollclc.-....,,,cdollcmemoriccleitan1i s-tiliperilrn....c.,,.,_......,..,....;.inlN,cliVMOricdi -lifflCIIQ.-ional191ici
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lei..........,nclkcoadiril,oidiflflo.adcmpimdo1lurv•ulu•l lon:,do><"t!nanonaie" &ano le prrn>C'l# di ... corp,,n,1,. ,......, chc 1•rtt>bc .,_.,.,.., radic.oni roa la I"""" in cui il rwlo«n1nlecn1Xmandiowalk,Sbu>1e11i ancnl'l'i......,..doveva"""1rdiuni. e -
,_s.1.,..,,._1a,ea1tà,l)(fÒ""mcnonc1ia.oome il ..,_ll'IOliMnriariodllodai padroniddnpott1llo,......ddl'Alti st11 n 1 d i -, 1Micipaodopmb6eruàchc clelrinole1~. NC'iconfi'onlidiC.....,..llv,ippodoH'ldcaN~ctibe ..... sinlori,•cletta1adlolla
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TRA ENTUSIASMO PATRIOTTICO E TENSIONE ANTISOCIAUSTA: NAPOlEONE COlAJANNI E Il MOVIMENTO REPUBBLICANO NEUA GRANDE GUERRA
carme1o Albanese 1/Pwfilodi,,_.,_l!Mo
Il t6magi,o J(ll4,alT-~ltdi Bolopa.liapnil 1r ~ ddl'amlo ...,..t,Micano. TI dmdcnk .;...Italo- a l l o ~ pòlilliche c1e1r ....nno 1913 & di l foadot"" dÌNnÌIIO Cllepe<" !>t: p)fflÒ ÌfflfqlWI Ì drlq,,li IICI dcfwn: lo ~IIH polito 11U CIIÌ ,ii...,ian, I 'orpnina,ione. llltlllft .., ,...,...., incn:,;,;,io di mo(ivi _,,_,_.litU • lffedmt;. C111111eriaa i. ..... me i. propolk di pol:ilica - . .•. Al lmDim dei i..,.,.; l'........t,l,s. •c:I riculftormatc Oliviiero 7..-.i e Oiov.iw COMi •Il• ..... clfl IN'fblO, "Pl)fQ'o'II-III04ÌOIICchc,C,Qllçn7_,..,.i111Jlll,JOli,1·0fdlnc..t,:llaklllloallio,_loia. Mistilw.ionc:~bile1;011 ladctnuaMiaM.rhdi,ce l'~deirrc,ul,bhcani1 N~lc:pc:mdieo11q11illac - i , . l'.......,,i,,1191ilrt p n l a ~ m n - l l i r i ~oocia!Ìlll,di,m~""W>M1 _.vfflireleilu!uiolli~"'. Appcno,..mox dopo. r . . . - di <Ma,lpi di piAob raa1e a1 rlmduca f-Fcrwlando, iolnncllm, 1111pvca.o1ca1a1&dwpn,dpnm l'&.ropa -flÌlll:)di pr,,pornoni ffllli v~; q,p,or,end documtModi çt, ...... d,el_JfeNO, Nll etf: lllde il ""'""l&ÌO di 11)1-,ieù, 1lle popc,l&ooni ilali,nc togencall'impno-.ru.
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Llllil'WOftell&Zionaledinmam,"DnlincdclpumuMincuisi....itcc:dlc il pcmo.in avn . b b e - v o l u l o - ~ ' * - e, qurnd,,<;N ilpam!0111-"""" oppom o1ia 11111, i modo aquakiali ~ btllicadftttla llan<+qaian: &li in,....; di A........, ediGcnnaniaae llaloroarimcp,anodi-~ivaeon1JOle1ihfflloMnl!Mlie ~pri,,c,.,..,dillmOIWll....... lllftfte,ilZ2 ~ ilJN11110,~Ctlnll............, ai dq,ulali o«ialisli FfWICCf«I Ald t QÌlllef!l)c O. fdicc Gi•ffiida. _., al .,..,,;dnle dclc-,iios.i..n-1entta"'C11111diiede•oonvoan::itl'arlMnmlopcr~ "al ~ i .,.,,,.;m,-i ronlli110~1e~, i,nid,t
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mona,d,i.aedll fl'"'"""'·efflieslola di d i - - d i ~ d d ~ d ellaTriplicc'. Talr: poairlo. viene ribadiia il )dicerrilft al la liapcntn della <:."""'11 NI - -'"'"""" d i n - per l'abile c""""IN di SaLandn della ')Ìml libmi d'u.ioncM di coarcnnan: Ja..,lnllitliodiopWe pn l'in-Ìllpcrra..,.lle'llal'fWlve,a lQl5. lr:Nftdizion•
wmbtuolinalanenlcuai,nr,lipertendcrcni,li,:ilo l' ,ncliriv,,:,rq,ut,bl-K1W1oorme pnicoli dilOllll:boollfl~"""lflmonwdr,ir,vìn,e'l",ndimcaMÌlld~-,o quam""" dimosai di volere l'ifllJCU') dell' halia nella,..,... curni,ca. ~ e h . - con1ro a li im,,eri ce,,.,..li: .,,, ~ e-. - IIC'ft\loro<I UbalooComandìnic OhicroZ..xarini. aa:mnaoodiooncl,,·id,,:;n, la IDfl'lll"'lbiliU della
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Con la l'Ola«arioflo «llcrlXlfll di FOOI e Caeu..e. 1Ullcprimc. dei loro più , . . . . , . , . _ , ~ l l. Cllll9C'JIPl'CltludermtConsand1no,chc inlCIICmbn: IY,:VW,O riveadia1olr:rasionidelloi-,:cpn.-l --- J~"""1pli<idi.....,pttra.diniitoloil pcm.iffl,ci r. frt,,n,mdi - ", ..ila linc.o inle:n"('ll11$1a il movimn,lo d,,(c;doni
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csp"-IUbnolk,p,lcdimiMionidliSalan<h.coalr:'f,Wil'IWia.--ioz-· ·. lit !*li 1ullav,a -.Uladallalnldi1.iolwtdal pa,MCrOdei pncunoritdeaJi llpOllol1 « I Riwqimcntn,," f'OO , la dichian,.... dill"'-"""all ' A"'lnll-Unah,ena. ~ ll.....,;o IQI,. vicneaccoltacoapandi.,..;r-idi1iubilodapancdd Pri: «an·asariodeci»di op,iimp-aa dioonquiOlfltdiupidioqood,a"'fllUlfa • ÌI P111i1<:>n,p,t,t,l~tlmD-NMt10Rdclla.....,._I ... I OUioomcncl1cmpom,òcod,,l ri1a1t1olllàonalc. con (erma fedt e oon renai vinvdi ..:nfi,-"l. ilalw,~ cni..., l'llalia!~u. Il ricfliarflo aJM M,-n, llKIOINllr:M f, lfl tffctll, il #ci-"' dd dÌkOAO rc-pubbl;..-..U. inlm:tirllo oon la crilira alla morwdua: S--,"""""""con-nla......,.4'..,c..,..tlaclrlllj9,6rl l- om,·• Aocana,eloC...i..i..t 1\l1~ • -i.-nnvo1ta..i,-.............,~dli ~ -. po,<M-on.-olkn.dll;...,_dlll'A--"*111_, ,..........,.~~..,;.-i.1- 1.u.....i.a1rcr-nru.n ....11t.1o..-pnn...i t .:i.: - •e111S9•aoilM · • ...... . . ~ ...· ---i.<W1.--"""1oll,olllc..;dell'-,cion..-.:dlo: ...... ........-ollt1_d,......,<ioll\ll, t l«:iloildoolilNo.K .... . . - -
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ClaMc 11M7,,~priWJÌII01..,aiqui..iici-i. il~MCiJiMo..,.,..,;me. ooo, Bo,,io e Arcaaplo Ghillni. a quella ~i.e G...wppe T.......,.lo defi11....., Ria .....,u ~Rdi!DIULÌ....;• .,..wrocolarockllllllqiando il ~ s e - - ~ _,,..11a,lifoonanopt,ò111.11*'1lm>dimaopin...... Antimilitarimdi-icadlta, N..,....._Colajalni a • e n - f n > al l'IIOlaTtirliceAlbftn ""'"'"il desiderio di
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G,iil IOmarm.1111en'eftCndo1M,1....,m..,.,-ilataziono:inricordodiMvzilli ...n·.,..;.,cnano•11amone.Arun,c1ooh;.ac.;1,-n·•pul,blicamcnlcricordalo•H'...,;,,;o d>e • ~111 ~ tllo . . - O dlc hl p,tiO u,cht -.,n, doll, e di ~ fcdno. pm:M ..tii""CII' P"n• di oo.i-.., l o , _ - . pianlaR, allo ciani pnviltgi;t1t,"' dmgmiode,dl,...enel loro~.:.,mknonol:lp rivmdKcuioncc MlloollllNIIIU ,cmpr,,.pi,ì .. "'-idw, . . _ , ... ~ .. dlc dirij<,no,," . M• ~ il pAnilo ...1 . . . . , ~ d i c. pc,r(fUal!IOIIIClllo 1 d,eit,-- -Mdi\'Oltipredt,deH' -ltia di,••>lwicria,M, - i 1u1t1YNI Jlmdiip)IIO I dimodim! """' ,qimo oupn110da11m1p1 e.:I incai-c1-adid..,1o_,.,..,c 11m1e: ffl.,....,.delpop;,locho11l1...,...111da101unelo """m,ahonffltl'J'°''" l'ff1"'fl'lbhl,anì.qu,,..,lotf!dlrodelbol_...,__poo;1~perinlpedin:la"macMMCNSK>Nlodellocluli~iM: • l~claui diri~i i.a....o .... ....,._peronope,d,,n:,llnOllfodtlbolKC"l- , ... J: oecleref*16cilpi>1rtt1llocia,.iro,,p;.,ut,.indlnld,:,l,;:l;Oill111.,...,di~b,.....,... yolu,,,lc rnli7nn:dv1lmcnlclcpropnc&lfllR7.'0"'l...:ondoipros:ranwn,pàdlioo,u,d-i•" All'indorau, del ro11n i110, - - . ,1 ffl1Mmm10 rrpubblicao pmv• 1n millr diffirol"1ripmdcn:ilpm:ono........_10 ..J 14'14,c<:a'Cldirilaaritn:l'<.qa= ' - ·aUll"l<ldonuovÌCOMcnll lncio-1.....,,,.,.,.,cht11n10lagione ai A1 onmidrfio1t,v.,.,...._cehcoec<>n11lffl,..t.c,,lo-,ulpiano,ocl.ole, polÌ1ioo ctP11U'"""'k Dllu1t'1l1R1.,..cn: nacn,,._lll\.o.."C.1lva:chiopa,1uncnure1ocih-,.perdquloponi in JUI ICffa., ,kn., ,.,....., lipofia ine\.ilabilmmtc 1rodin: la paina" e uffri,c unaolllOalnemocodlcpres,..kl"'*Med1.,....,,..,1,·111adi uoa,......111nvohmonc:
""'""°
u111rivolu,ione1cu,. ,n fundo.blra-,clcnonlopropomollllo,pn,pll&lllll111Chedai rq,ul,bli<ai.1vmibc"""l:n:MulcponedclloS11110.
FRONTE INTERNO: LE aTTÀ ITALIANE TRA INTERVENTO DEUO STATO E MOBILITAZIONE CMLE
Alessandra Staderinl Nql, ulnm, 1m,, in~clolttt11m1nOdrlla~pena."l(IB(lmolllplQ1i r;l,_..ll<li..,.oomli1io,,U1-~~•lp..,.Jc~cro11i.vurirolkt1-'i
,·hc,l-,allmnulO~clattaltidella,.......' ,WINW1lfll""'ondiintntJdi11np,
,.,.,.:t1,' .lnp,r1..oluc:l'a11o:111.ooncckili-i11tc.-nlr'llla1Udwlmli.lcripm:""'°"i <1<11• Jl'l'IT" nel ftoilie mlcmO t lii fflOOllit&aMo, nw,lc, cd 11 ddll l"'l"~~innr. i n d i - ' - - . I"" l'ffllo•lloc famipie tiri ,;,o,ni.nen,ic ,.ti .-.i ooldori, on,.,.,11,cNi-""IIJIIIOUiocsplòcJ10llla1fomlbcllico.Aditfcrcn7~dclla ~ ...~ . Ì I I ti.liLfinood-,irc,ca,1i.-m....,IWdialoa fondo'f'J'C"IOmpetlu ,..,.J.. -1iu.e • 1;vc11o 1oca1e JICI' 1e miru.zioni. 1f'<l'l1\1,ifflJh..,, , eMli, mi.ti,i~lcp,'1"*"""'""'..i,;"~I01I
eoinvolc•-
.....,,.i. ....... ..,......
""""'° .,_,_
,-,.,t1,11,,pnl'inicn,"""ii,ù11:11liana_
All'1n1CmOd1<1UC11Clcmalicbcncnuanal11nlmmkl'az...,.d,....-,t,nanoclùamab, JSl1llmonalmm1e, ajaliR localmmce lcmonni _ , t i d i du avew, fam,tian al fronie, ,...,t lc.....,.,,ni,uuionif;(IIIIUYlltdiak,,,""a:nndircalu,wbanc, Anoonomolto-i, .,....vopp,,. ...,.,.,.,1; t1....ii6'II mendiorw e sulle p,«Ok ..,.Jlà,SpeMO nnli,,n;,he per Il <1111\rolmdi~lefoMi
Nall.ftl_lc......,,-.aziont~i. cli.........,dlnru la...,..ad1H100ffll"ÌIO <flòf1tlç, -erano - . ~~nri loro i n ~ a r..,·,;nckltapop:,lwotw:, ,,...cnno r<"1m-WOOWIIOlilklOI .WII poliuca«I pnM>-.nle,Ma.Wlapr.....wo ma.aicc• ddl'a..iontà r11it,we ck, 1iOptaffi1UO 11tllo: ,nnc: di lutrn.. '"'"'' "" NOio dclcrminank: _._lòb,Jcs,s~wÌIO*,inf.ui• ..,.1Cmioriddllli1i"JGnodìp,a"llw, ; bm<lin,ihOO
a,,v...., v111lrcdì ~ . luriandiobmp;,co.......,alleuùhlrioni locali.
Per quanto ripmdl la mobo~lll:lionr CMior. illoffl. le Mlmillilllv.ioni -.-.Ji. IOpml11110 ..llopandiralll""'"-.ctU111viDcola&c-lDID dallap,ac:111.1dcini!iwie 11a1111opsla;,ioncdicucm---=-.ncmeMO•-lnKtlnR,dalla~ dd1o:r...a: inlffVffllille.~lni>11meH! .,.. _ l o , b z o hellicne-temrnmpfflON' dclii ....,.,ialill, ck&li Ullen'alli. Nelle divcn,: inlda&ivc d,ç .,invano• ponare: IÌ\IIO alla popolL,DW.in(1ni,imollodif!icikdilti-a-1nk111ivididi _Ì$1aa_,,epn,,prile IIJIIUllqlllldlclqli intcnfllli,ai.radi<almmlc~ndll<lllqp,01ILl p,rm,. S,,.,,..O. od -.,,o. do ,....i, ,111ervenu. i:,nemn,.. C>llftllOllti pc,1;,_...ie• ...._vono tw,r, , parn1idi"'-'QC11i 90JPfflllidii1CM10paUÌOIIÌlalOOaoclirillu r a d i ~ . l'cr l.Nior!cckl pmio.~impoftanzaet,bc il mocloinniilii"**'ileonllinoin lllllia:"""" t"'*', r;,_,,_,;1o11o.wo ....i1a ,1111dvilorl\l ....,,.i,;,ci,o.e - ,i lunilll\'I. allamollimil~ . .... coiil•ol(IC'"llullisJi Mpctlidell& villldticiu.dini: in<JU<Jiilfllli 11111adi.opiMlialo.~"""mi~c-.divenneoge11udipc,lilica. A«-ldawnmtidi
, . . . . - , o d ~i drMliclptt~'-ll ~(deci•l•,anel....g;,,del 1'f15. sill..c,Wllll((!Api•KVaOdmaodcll'onohredc:1 1917.ooncattun:111111po,hclo,lllmpa.
controllo, delk "'"""""' tim,wm dei dintti penouli e aTCOli. fino all"inlenwnemo). net conodel"""111trol'umnoonlmlhti!Mmin1Cn'a1Ctnd~oociale: t . . l i - = • lo,medipr,rv......,'l""lipeno-ic...,.,ua,;ì,oni.cioiiniòolivc~~lcJHllvoric. cheGir:n....... l"rocaxiharia,,,u,,lobr;ncncltilolodi..,....,m;,;,,.. ...._ N;,,,u..- N'r l,bT. clic 1vv,o,ira la pc,litin di a;ucna• ""°"e fonao- di - lfff. Aecanloa<IUQI<>....,.,.,. i11- c klloS!a$1111tllalll>cieli.pffll• .-pii....,...,;1ijail 1-chetvttoil delr...i,it,vae111t10il,i,:1'°"'della.,.....,....f11,alJr"Cnlfirt01l t'fl 8,ddqakJaipri,"II, e a l k ~ « - l i . ll l"'·cmo.dlepinlliilrope:pò._,,.alobiamodi:IIO,,;o,o ;....,,,,.,,,.;ltpslativiincamp,IOciale,...,f\lffl1ffanoi•iwiru~ r ...ÌIINlZa1lla popol&rlon,:. olé lapn:,poca,,dl,-.1,.-.,ìdelllls,,cna.dtlepo,,;lolOtalmenle-.-c prni,apr,daall"azionedeiJlffl''Mi. f110J110 ..........-iprivatidlclii~....---.inmillolmned1ein111D11 oedi!èifnp)uibilecitate,all•....,,.,.,.,.i~dellllpopow:i<:,a,ec,vikoall"inviodi c1boconduantnl,11..,.W1r., pr,1 ~- •n 111ha.q,,,ndi.ad,1fcmu, d,QIIIIIW••·•·-,c ÌII altri .-,i ~llignN~i'. prr ...... l,:mpo - t! ('fK"n) UIIII vcn C'ffllnJozw:ionc ddle an,Yitàdi •i,wnut ~ · tol,::,nd l'flf.-01otttOttfill__,1ll""Comita1a IW:Kllllk. lo ro1iJck11e ()par rNmlc d, - . , . e pn)f'lpn<ia n&OOnllo e. ,im,pn, nel 1911. fu aalu u•a1lcllalaloappa111IO, d<:onun1-1MOllffl"""lepcrl"-,lllcfwle i.~.lnmitù.lc()pa'cfeckme.111111ffl111ura1ffi<llia1lrqlllhblicanoUhlldo ComMdino. di.-ou in 80 ...,_;.ti ('ffl'ionciali e 111 ben 4SOO e quindi bca~oul1,,ffllario e c~cnuupn,s,riopcrcmaaliaan:11H:lo: a11Mùckli.
C01nm-..
rnobilliarlonocivilc.-riwli-noai11i iM11111ichetiotCUp11- dell"IMi_,,..,1;
• ~.~l\.'l.lt"~_.....---~-... .1---n1..--..-.....- t -.............. J
, - 1 1 t 14./ l l l ! ) . C - , ,...,.__, . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,_,; ...... . f . Dl:GUF~-n•
-....a.._l911.
,~t.odoN e IIIÌ ooldali; e.,.,.. molle Ìnl.2t.111w pn••p,o«p•rono le 1on,au,..,1t, Jma,.. l.....:llé minimo~•....,,.., tOllln>llo_. l"for,rioJUlle di-forme di pm;com f.aiYll- ift-ajpriyltÌ Mli fronti: """"""·---ICril&ellh~MOllelM'&Ìftt~··dlipoonenlticibvori ,l,Ancnllf,va dd 19!12"~mok,o"'......,....,,......,.,l,_a1.Quc,lornomldi <,...ium'laptn11d~mollotf11DO,cunc1t.,....piii ..._,pn,pnoa11c....,,IMlrVJOftl
cuN...uili. Gli.i.idipiur.,.,_~;..ai,cn~l·-,.._wntnbuloall'..ai...,,.,. clllla~dM,:,dllmi11iau,didonne,dilulti , (eljf,~.,.llepiiidrvfflle ,.._di mobiijwione_tial"'l' l'1MOallcpopolazioni.lNlper it-.,...alreom:ito, !~,rnotric1M1Cia~per lapalrioNcldì1111<1,.-doolneAU&U11aMolÌNlri',111111110rica 11k~1<>-alcm1n1MMGl'emm,nilclllll noob,t1W1Gntavile. ....,1111ioil....,.,.'PO _.., ,Idi.o ,nobilìwioni:, KC>lrlll>al,... ..-olio dal 11'1)',UOO. dai 1-.i~IWi e dille ...,inillrRoon,
~,.........11.biaop,l...,.,.ricordorcranr:-,.,.,.._•mo1r;ticUidini.""'sptMO"fi.,..., . 1,1,r.,.;<1e1lcllnlffUn!orpniU111e.P.",.._d,ftkilfflftllf:....,.;n.:.i,;1c.malcfonli ,l,S{IO!llbili*-1'-.dldel fenomeno. lM111b.-ilìdcl 1m110laricdltaadisa.di1Ull'.,,.,..,.......,t~"JIP0'1UnO n--ao1nre l'.nC11:i:;.,,..,aulo...,1kvli-'l)dl1dtllamobili1az1onc,il.,..,JYU1111dlak:woc 1111.n111Ìllln7iOftÌeomunalic.-...J-.,lpaodielap,ac:na1dcimilitaripu,/lnerc, o, u111 ...111sanonc«Hcopen: di.....,,.,.,•lkl'ami1tòcdcirichwnlti. 1'1:rquaniori....... lc~_,,._i;.dlpun10d,..;,ca ,~ l c .... fO<tc '"'P"IP'OncllOC.... di~diaiuticconomici "'~ indillC!lli t I ' ~ di la,on pubbli,,.-...ol1n: ,....,.1mi:nica11& .-.ibiliti di
opctl&•.,,•oempre••~.,.,. ••
"'lf'O"'l'i:t1bhp,tieclol,. Conllpa,na,aq<>eà,<>Dlllpirioc11C--moltialtri,1n.
,...,.ii, ulineal!fthcwfbclk. alcnn1",..n.,dqliocu,t,ic1llcliNiw>oniai~. bdi>tribu.z~... dekpoconfo•hJUllllì.deiSUMldiallcf...,;,iiedcirid1..uati,1W1 ,~~ dtlò(ari..imo d,e pmnOIC ._i, """""'lllnlOn, ..,,..avtll> neo poccoli - . cli , _mo1Jioil1aii111<>ooclale ddlemklrio.Tuinocit'Jct,,,riplan:la,10l'.......,.,.oi ,-.-,tlad,,.,...,...affidolodal.,..,..i..,.._,1Com,w1(dtfinmdi01P1~ci~ik ",1, ,not,;1,!lnnllle .. di -iwftn ci•·tk). nn1111r1,.... 1<11s., nti me11i ~
t cn1n1&iaa,,,,,n.
flliCemi1aucnoonna-diMU<XU'1nv111nlj(rL>JOneromunaJ,:tspcMOc:nno ~ullbt, Jqh IIUM undoo:i: adQai ~uau dunqw..,.nmcndt,e ~
.u., IJllef'O di..;......,,,
olle d i - IUl\'lli. lcp,l v-,dl llOIICpoalk&n,,Jlòcclti richi.amltie• tulta lii
- - - - - ALESSANDltA STADERINI pop,w.-. I Comiùoh,ohn,:chedi~1dlpriVW.111UfruivwmdoCfflU'ibuli-.Jica•--.o
p,cn1capk'itì1iurida1•fflilkriaf_,.;.• . Per quanlO rì...,..w, l'u.oone cqw .....,..niun,IOri loc:ah., "" pnmo problffl,a I fll~dalla~dimollc......,,11..,.,.Jlllli-dao--illi.-lOloin
a,u,diconianc MilanooBolop,,.N1111ChcfflllWfflfflllÌOOOIIIIIÌ--k.1111 JUCCnlOIOCllliuari""°''MOJlfOll"O•llc"h1""'~-ÌllllohtÌWclellapnm1val dd l'll~. O,.,. ...... . . . _ ..,.,...ti. li ...i,,10 di fn:inl. 11111 1ottli... M WSUIR leindocuw.1 cld h,clel "M ~-iabc,un,~,OMMI>\- per I ~ dc,llapop>W~; una acd11.romct-,.~immcdiauonm1endR11S11dipnoni1r,,
tl'O>-
un'cffkimlc ~ 11cu·_,_,.,. • pmp, conci!ladin,.
le............_.,
F.' illCkibbie che IOriaJiw ri""'*"° 1lùo *-'°' sil,aa,;iont rrqloodìaltn:ntllc'l'l!lli~lac~don.,.-lowe.cho11011ocmpn,:fu1U'al1eua c1e,...,.;~ha1qu,J1moch...,...,, ,.,,.,..,;1......,q,,,,,,o-nadm•luaod-Jcriedifaoon: .... mqp>R - - · dotlkUulOIIOl'lllcknk. laJunplfldi>:ioMdil'f'l"INIL'IIUl1Cnilorio.ilVlllott penonalo.1...ii...,..;Clnlffl"hCO.lk>'4....,~llllandw:lllll-magio,,rmdipcndmzll rispct101lll ci..e dinlffl'C c•lta<hna.po..-,~~.,..,.ncll'-.cktl>a, maffWllC ~ l 11111 una piena c o l ~ <.'0fl le &IIIIW"e. I.e (ìiunle IIOC1ah11C &I dilhnla'O pt," 111~ l"<"'Ci, e lw,g,m,n,...,., l.'-.npiu piil c,·idmle dì ciò t dlllo dal confroa10di...-av-1M1binoc1R-Mibno,,ct:1adll01ndlcooocllli>111Em1bo C11dan dal 1914 11 1'20'1, 1•"ffll ..11a G1un1a - • p , ~ oo,.,.. FihppoT""'u t Cùoutbo Tm-n . A Milano, quindi, fu aaio t.......S..lameDIO un Comiuio di a11,islc,w c""ile.~dal~tlon11<>di ,..,...,1oni1,.,mvofCCooodo lcdi"ffk.it,.,lid, ~ : ( l w _ , , Ì l l l i fumno1,nprpall 11<U'IAÒMCnl.l CCOOOffllOalk: (...,;pedo, romb.111:nti e nella 1..ui. dicll'iftfanna."" 1nm _,,.,.,,,,;lalOa,ro li n:rca1<>dd l,,vun,. o . . - c ~ - ...ioclri~1. m1111<lwclei rimplm11tidlllc....,.di<.'0flfinet de, pro(,.t,i I: le 1lli~ili di pn,,,q,,,iruoo P,.'1 IUIUI LI ptrn. 1CmJ1R IOl1o il con1rolloS!rdioddl'a,1wru,1iJ1tal'. - . All.,.,..". i11,·«c:.quan1<>..,.li10doll'101,n1n1sira:,;,,-r,.,....,inotrondop,an11~W
...-odi:,,..
a:;.s_,.,.
.11·-di .1..., fuor-. ... 1M<1oUa11•Ìllnl ,...__ _ _ .,... noondiacellOl,ro. 1.- c"9Ìtale <T11 ""1adal&iu&n0drl 1914dl..,.Giurubml1adalibcnilididoslrll c IIIIDOflalilri. rn11 il -'<po cloi c1nolici. QunuGiunu fu i• padodi eoonvollff" f1n,vamm1e 1u111 Lcanivtùdiua!IWG4ia1m liualle•oco.flldlc • lìndll ll'lln!Odtl 1915 N1ilev1 llfl Comit-.pn III mohilirarionr illc-. di p,nn. bmawdll ...,..,. ~ . ma lUILC c:,;pm.1ioni dd.la ca- diriplc cillldiM. r:rw. ...,..,..., uaaui dal Com.w.o q~ILc forno d•-••"*"'-in~,q,ubblian1.oocill,.,d,"6.ldmlic11...i..:.Jiw,CMpurt" ~condono pnbcndi«i"""9i ll"bMfasl'"~Pffl'ht l"lraliacn.._inJ......_cd <'l'MOp,orilC-.d 1,npca-11tlll! an1vàd, ..-gnoalln1funohellico, mafumno-=lule fll.T l..,.o ICrtlpU. come è !IUio, dlup, pwlCleipao,.- alla ptlQIIC clol wrrfl,110, SindalJi...,.,drl l 9 1 S ~ ilComilalu,diviiolll illt-1ILc111wilil ~volie.o,pn,,.rodiver,e ~ d i . . - Ili, flmi&lie dri ridliamaf1: Mili c"°"iomi nello ville citlaclint pa , bamti,ni ioodiJcnh. ai qu1h _,.._, dÌ!llribuill dbo e ,ndwncnl~ •n1711n...,perllnoc<:olllldil<loodiclabonl<Jnper~la•<Jrolllcffll>Jlidinricblllfflllli, Furono1mlùcpo1cw.ia1e.adopaacddc:-,;i..,cdc:ipn...ti.C11C111t-= ' "' .-t.. d11VitNÌ,·ano.palUI-OOD11JpeManenula.1 J'IMII IIOn sole .. p,ùt,,..,.......;, maanchladllflpubtilia,bo,p,,ese,spocialnoellie,q,ocp1iriocl,cnclc.,noclolla1......_ r,ttcffi:Mdoll'w,l\a7_.....aonc,l,hc •• bleckcurwimc nel vai<,n: cld """'""•i('ffldio. UnpunlO<ldlolcJl"fltllflÌ'1lidtlC(,m~-ctltllOn"'""1""'°'maiiloontn>llo >1111, lanle 111hVIÙI ...... ,_ p,cdi Mila capilak. Cfl dalo di.liii ~ - . ~ . p(MillnWI ..io,,a.,c.,.-tcmun,c, mcn:11a11dlllapamadolleclloeo1.nonlanl0-1J1uu.:oonc. "'""°""'sogcnoe..,.-di111110:pn ilsuoradK'llnen10nrLlanobiltà'"nenl~ roman1 ~ perla!)l'Q(!V,1capillatcclotlc-1np,ll'fl)Ql'lliali,,lcalll)licaimoromM01i illlfltlM 11Ubl011tlr-'*"'<l.~ellllarpn<loll!~h~ d1t,m,,flt'Ctln. ()ucsUi ~..-.icciadrllr-121lolìc:t..,d,bo ---ric:.lull pnlilia pndo,! le diwrw ion. di IJUIO, IIIChe M' dillrib,i1k dlii privai.~ .... NfflJlf" c,on fondi pul,loli<i, •~'llllt!'U~1tda1lli -,,i1, oomc~clolk,,_djflfflialoeclolllnohilLii......,.. Jal~ - damc~.cà dacobochoJi~~kiftlDOl'lec-Jalk,-o
•-i
NoocKUnlCl"1ffil"C&IIOpW10ll1COclol lll>d;loo,,lpnnc'9" Prospct0Colo<lr,a.ctltpani
,...,ndi.
aobiw ,...._., i--,. il rrun1e." J, llnli ~'11...imi. il wmunc ...., fu ,n ~ Ili pm, 111primo~•-...-aalmmw,.lr-1Mimclllli~ilid, _.acnza. lalciaiodo "ClfflOIICllflp}IILcdl~-ror...edi'®biliwooncd,,lccllcpu,e••-if<'$UIOOIO. l.a , ; 1 1 - dclla-.l.-111:Uacapil.olc.p:,tJUdaiprwa11. ,opra111111odocctom1.,.bo.olfrc unpanonn1a dimobililRionc1la,p,11...,ngio:UffllC'ftll«onomic:oalle fami&li.o do:1romban,,111i.on1r.Ja11.-eLcpii di, cncl""fKIDl'Sl..nfondl.o"'fttmn,paL""*io:hc, n-.:d'anc.~llin:ni.n:11ri11fu.eia,111V>Odipa<dli•diindumm1Ja1..,idoou. fac:ilila:6,.,; I"" rahlnl'llllnone"""' ""'-""" .....,..idio!. 1111w.n1,.,; che '"'l"P~""" lo rno,lidcincll_, Solo <1opo,~i,..llal1111iw-ck, _,,,,;, b<,_ _ .. ,"l'Ci"OF'""""
hk di ClJll>UrOO dìl)mdrnk J,,l e"""""". "'"""" ocan.i ,;..,11,11;. p,,n::hi! la cin.odmanu in grln,-Wllffllli.ia.pn11U11«-1fum1tro<if'C"'l""""bue~le,110paHU!IO
nelrnondodqliirnpiepl,ddminiouri.LaG1•111\r.MK'Mdl...,...ad,acompi10del 111no-.;1-.mvlconodell918.àa~pnpod,i....,.;.~•pitt i.n-politiva. Un altmCHO ~ d i GtuMa ~ c h c 1........ l!JRl-- le l'llnz,oni -..111m1.W, t111p111UC11U10dlllqpo.cillàld11r...lol l917cWaindlco10Ci•lislaL"'IJÌ Rovcni.ilqualevlfflllll&ÌOdcll'U~IMIIINlir-Mlqw,le-,,icl,,1ffll!la ,io1~...,.;~,ince,i,i,,wlleclialribepolili,d,.·c~,_,.;11111iVOwlle 1111iv,.. di ~ allefuutlic,,;nclliamali. Anan pN polttiVII l'llli.... JvOIII I 8ctosU ..... 0 - IOCialÌ.UO lall dal tlllÙC'O f· ~Z-dì(ello:fwdef.,iiuallun'ilM...,..ddJmK'')'' il quale,okrcloll'-,""'8D concm11lleflmiaticdricomllMlati,~-1onnu1e-lCheronll r"*dci 1DS1mictpaxiroa.aah • pru-LÌcalmoc:nri, anoon pn.. chc...._...,;,, ..p1c-...;...i; ...11eli,nicarlonidci..,..._,;pi..-;c, lnCNi,,...-»ampo.rubroiunuchc,oln•l'ffll'l"OW"tdriaKfunnodi~• ... di-clw:di~..,..i .. pnma~mollc:tfllriau...,. Alle .....,,. tonn,,d, _....,,, alle fmmp<!dei ridunub. p,-..dai Comilllll di n mnholiwi<ae cMle dli! f - . - capo alle ....,.illKIIVinni <XlfflUlllli,
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dello IICSI() rilino, IIOn rune oon 0111mi rappon, con i miliuiri (lii elCmplO i bhonton per farbvorv,,le donnrdcia.mba-iMl~dcimiliiari"'Clh~l.matlMIC 1011t-dllpnva11 cinach1chcdcdtcavanntllom1emp111<1aruvlti-lmZW1lep,,i
Ahrc~i.i.oln;ll..,..-.111mio<:On1M1o.-,milìllric_....,1Ublosc ~l<lewnlpion.lJ'Ufl'Kio~~; ç.,..._.;1omtomti."11diac,,01A...,.uo Moli....,,.,d,c nnpqnaV11""1lìa1adidonnc.eldeliatobWlNdi~irappmin m11ilaci e fMnalic;.., •"UO ~_,IO d c i i ' -~. tcri.-c Moli,w,. dlnto"' e ""'"*'"""i(pKldi IIOOO m 1111"'>i.l lNll!""'"'IIII P,iidi 20000 ..,ik,niaric,impqpU.i..-c "'"• la 1ucna1. Un'lllivilti...,.,nanti.ma.chc """aveva-fflibiliti,....,...t,ilel<I alm: forme do '"""""""°machl:compom,,·a.10pr1UU11<1.,.,,.k:doaae,1111,mpt'pronrin,..c,vo.
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Pr,..;opc,,n:Jolan, IIIIIC k:di,cn,u1ù,·ili,MI 1916 lii lonnil a Mil•11a ... l'ocl<r&oolw= oua ri'IWI M.-...,ilfflD civ,le'", 111,IÌSl,Ìml llC' le: infotmu.ioni fk 1or,u..,. •Ile: di~""' fonnc di mohilÌW'.,nn,:: nazionale dei comitati di aaÌl1enZ:I oi,ile,
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r,,..rillJCktb,c l.al.cp•vakl.oron~c""'PdiffN.cnlc,nonriuxironoadopenn: .,_polilica ....ibriapen,hf~lldiveniùdriaia,pòli,romelu,IIOlat08eltric<: r.,.." . ne li<rulà l'Mliviù..• M)lte çoo,""'"""°'i fmion~ apia 11111:rioffdtll'a,onnit.l, cdtlla
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"'"(lalrarionedtl~_.le, Cittd>C_.,~.dllnque.tda ... i..o l' H11111fficiea1eclllldondo-le•ld~corpniu,a,clamobililwoi!cNSillnwak c ,-tnol1ica•dllll'al1n>.conloStual. -.lal'ona dirompcmedtlla-,a:i,,rispo111,di hlote, documcn1.11a dli tan1i lnon oulle.....,.,.. locali ... Un aluomp.-1so•a.a~pcrvalwlafflaraluodri...,,.,ort,1npo1m,~l'cffffl0
d,cpullavcn,1""'°.nellc..ricdilon111nedllllronlcc1Ullelfflffliniunrionioonllnlli, l'M.nvadcnniMpcn:Mdic~ttnnava.drimi~iaricdel"'"""iNliNti ....i•llapena. Mi t1l<.'mC<l, ad......,.•U.-dcllamol,iWl&DODl: ............ div11&tnunCcim,_ ~-......mc e Coniicati per l'halia .....inon.1e. caaM e meridionale I looo YOILI ri,-niti ul!CnOrmeffle in ,onoconmatL In molll caai, ....,..awno ncll'Uah1 ccnlnllellffllnOnalc, lt '"""1e1'11n:.,cot,I M00o<rrenieM1 l1v,,,_tlancn11'1Mi:noonimiliuiri c1 M,:alil'lnrl:Mloloro lll!lviù nclladil;uibun<iocdtl la,·on,ai par<Mi da nc:lliunati.oo. k cs.,a,,,r dei Comitali
ddlllllOOll•- · ~I Jn1hmMf1r111>drldilki&i.~1ra""""' -iolrnzi,,licYa1ici•il11ari~it
1.-oru 1>oltodalkmoclidc1rich...,.i.,~dclmU1_,.,clelllG"'ctta. l'inlero .......,..., fu ~ d l i ""dm'l.-lodlll IIIIS,cl l e ~... •iromuni 1ti prd ~ 'l"'Nlcdonnencll'~drillWlridìindummtimi~..-i; c..ulia..,.LI ILlliasi ilbotltot, rc-111,h,. d•"""*8b - 1 e n da ,,.,.,..,;, ,1u,,ca. ..... pòa:..b,n:1rÌblwlJIIC c ...,uulu•I--.: ll--...-:idonnc,6noad • lloradcl ,u11o ine,.pfflc ;,,_., smcn cli aai-·iù. Si aurono quindi..,._. fiiriuni,..,.., ..., na l,..,,li1ariclleritl.....,__ il lll>'(IIOC:W-~aic"1"tollrieiC""'iuo'i chc-1'1*"..o· - ·- •q,,c,1afom.. cli-nlmzlalledonnc,, n'llanchttn111borMori lemm111ihelqhcdo,....-.,_,.~aa1e. Ri""l"ff'Cbbt ,,:,;~ locallnctw. iM>lire. oc l'azione delle Mnminiwvdi run1W111l1 .,.,.. 1·..i-ruc..-..incolaladalla"""''lnffllllli-"1tuioronfl11tidib>'(ln)e 1U11'oa:upaz;.-,..,...;.1mcn1clfUCU.fmmnilc.()ucslaq~,arl,bcpllsibik ,-.ic all'C1IOl1* ~ i ù di mucrialc con,cn'MO aH'An,lli-·io cmtralc della Staio ntl
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f"'"6o.._.,,~ci"11c~. s - - i e 1•........,.1111 prewnndo'> mdotan..,.lbn71àhchcdl.,_..u,o.hmil6 (oro,mn,i,, 1 · ~ ddlc ammir,ua,uiuni pa 1·--.,,.. •'Jl"lffllllO nei 1enim COftfi6cnli.._diJUffl11~• ..,ili,,tn.nklim,lllri1~Yi,,:...anuddfr.-mapo,.11<l cono del cor,flillo e topnrllltlO dop) Cllp(lf!'IIO. aimmtali I quNi Nlla l'llah1 ...,......._lc. L ' o t d - 1MiturloNlc(ompONV&, IR ~CMI>. il pralominio,IO!Mdi:i mililari eq111nd11l lorop,:t0CT\'tl<ftlk.--...,"°"'Q''O.paodwMClleMll "aziMecki"°"""'1 e nella mubililM"""' cMlo ,..,...,i.... l'aip:nn del aJnU'Ollo ...i prin,11. l n ~ t Hmlplare il ~ ~ d, \'cnttia, '8ldiMO • en.. ijilrw;,hi". citù die romt P,1,:,..ronc nli~IN'<:""' pnuai,r...,.. . - dai milillri.. Tn l'altro Vt,noia. dlii la
.... po1W011C.f11immnliacamcnleoolpi11dl~, -...:i.Mftdall1110111:dcl 2• rnagio1<1i, __ ,· -- ·- · 1111lloninpe11Mqi-,pornaa-,mcnr11·...,...,drl 1'116~1all1Ufll:i.li)2c,~ili. L',mmffllnmu,.....,. - , ; wnodimotncc nu.,...J;~limobilil6 nèll'ao1110llll~,o,w.ffllll .... u.ioncfu f-.elm111111. oiadal1'-.io .. mi&liaiadli-·- .(\'~oadi\'t'IIIÒqiia,.i•11,1dtùri.u.m..111nota10 Bi.n,:hl). ... dallccto~ddl'amm,-..:;.,...,milillrc.llpaodcim1~anfuanmnpnl
pcun1e11tuvi. . . Dlll~inc.dtfi,,,itilOl'lad1ptrn~do('loùpoffllo'". A Modem {ch e ~ WK>dci ~ ,;asi in nd; '"""U'alitli ri11tcirooo Id OfJIAllllllftllnC"""t11opmletanodl-~lof...,'fl:IIC'dcin<i1-~).nUà0ttlta, dopo Capoffll<I. come i - pN , camp di riffd1no di,11".,..,..,iw,. ,........;n Il pneoenn dei militari.~• ~-dillk,kw,,,,~c,,a. limM l ' ~ d e , priYall o di:lconwnc perlamobililllÌOOeci\"ilc•. Pff concludere ,p,s11 .,....., ....,....;.:a. bùopl l<ltlOI,- . : ......,. ..... \IOiia r,~drlr.--mobilll&nOnl: cn·ilce l"en!ili.......,_dli~là,•ltru,smo ededi~"""""llefVònodella-nNi. DIIUUOc~-po&eva-tcMUrirt>.al 11crm,...,.i.111pem,. -voiontt. im:freut,,lc,i, ~ 1 l l a ,ilo nazion,.lc.111111 pam<:ipazia,o che n'ffflh: potulOdan:""......., Mll<m<I alle aoft~ e alle tani,, ""fX(iffltt~iuu!O:ÌR &lleff'I..
IL GENERALE "DEBOLE". CAOORNA E LA CONOOTIA DELLA GUERRA
Emilio Gin ~ i lfflH*li ci.111 l'riwla pena mondialC" lwl1o nlli p,11> di 1>uonar-.L"eottt~..-liul dclll ,ucm,nclla'1"'ltfw-roonvolri,co.ldivm,,•quclla 1u•,..•011...iiau•Llcaudrm~.lipoecdilìo,v1-IMilldllriffi.,..c~btnl"'l""O ,..,•vrd:lho.._.maonhi"""-~cn:pucaaon,,. Al lmninodi..,.dlochelieff
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aiaanok'.• m n c m i l ~ ~&iildurlrlle lapcrn.cd1t .... . _ ~ w lla _,.,. t ~IL• pubblicitQQ dalla li,x ddle Olllilnl A dì11pe11o dolla - nutrila
~ - . . . : n i a~ timlllllflDladal-•u.-di-i............eindi~~i. W>lllfn~IIIIOnimt-.laoonimilliontJi-•cmctlrftdiùduma..,Jiudi,io fOtlefflmle pi~ . ifldiY!dlllndo Hlle lare di_,, camlonùe l°onl'H dclii
-f.lJlimmcM:pimodtllcope,uiolli. Gill ..11'1 ~i11Cm1dci d,fflcilirappr,ni inlffOOnÌn il C-..OOIUprfflll)t ill')WfflO,op,,d,cidclt.a,mm;.w-.aribuirono "'la ~NUbffalli. COlciel\7a delle propric l'aflO'!Sabihir Il .,,..;ca lmdcnn del .,.....ali..,mo alla\'aliaftlepropric111ribuioaiciin-......,lecompc\Cllndcl ~ . Nelp,dirio ddlniriw:i. , ~. - . ......... ,n cadoma- 1 1 p o ~. qia1WO,...,di qoccntrioo: dei làni. delle ........ ddk i-.ziooli •IINi. qli ~ prinoipl.l..rideil lModoea lui - a i rit'cma.opotevarikrirsi,odiewlla _ ,..,.,... inlelli,cma polC'lllqli l'ornre•rifrri111i1i. Epn aifflft&__,, -.nak,•nraVCQO ,;,li la - indiK\llihole"-"'fedc:odil klOMÌltlOO'*fCml!IOIIÌrilol~ i , i u a - · l l a
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o-,do.acl·-ddl91'1furono,njnoli&Jilffl•llaC..............cla/Ma:,..,_ p,..-al.-,,,0Niaiftodilaaul1ILICMWntdiet~. Llpolnnia,IUllllrooa d, CIJIOffll<I.....,. pi di i--:~i mai e le riwllooai tulle .-llnoleue dqli alti ù..-.di-ndt«oado.....,_dooll'iac......,publ,licalopnmadqhallndut ,...,mo pa l i i ~ •11·opa• put,l,lica, ....,_. ~llm!ft hnzina Ml r...,.,•. LI .,,..,.dic..._,....dipi,ò. n,11116 ~c111nncap1&11a111dealioncdel . . , _ dt rollo,:lf'lo I lii"*' quMÌ .,.._...lfflNNe o l l a ~ dei ....llati delle indosi111. u ,-,,lurwu,t...i..tplllllkpo,bblicol•l~di--fOIP"olu.allei~i " ""' •iroaobre 1917". Le polcm,die durllWO lll1COf1I per ""'f'CI, per poi ...,,,,,_,,;dop:>ll.,_..ddtm•"""M~ini__,1,;wwclllpropfQimma&""'
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wll'ouusiù unxa di Cadoma. e sugli efl'tn, delncri del cloamffllo rol quale <fUC81'ulumo1,-e>,.islruil01~•flicialipnmackllo«vppi,ocklkQtlihli.l'Afllll<'mJt-,k ~ ---,co11!nm,,:at1'""'°rol-. .. LillrfflaR-. Cnldltdleav,o pàcin»lalc.i.- b s-n"adnJ1n11in1*1orolatt ddcolonndlollouhelil .....krilhe noododi n!NJòrleCOOI fot7a""' '°'1a 1enN,waoilront1,uo•. ~ ~ . . , _ iulilMdtll& . . - - . r11&111. le..,.iq,,alt~icon-llelclo<urrienlocadomo..,..••·c->·1110 c:Y1pCrMOl'olknoi•i...,aol1nnDerimo,,toopiodal d1rnaaovnodalk-idciÒQ>'.,.. ulf11:Wia>1n&ui-di tru""'-•• nflènu,.,.ll'l...,._,.._lf,IMIIO_,lè ...ll1u. conuollffll!Uforufìcau.drinemio».Sedaw,punk>d.,~,....,._.il>'.>il.-v,dil'lef"I "l'J*',... 1 ~ -.rocmt,t,;lc•. 111 quello 1111..:0 lè e_ _, di Cadonla • erano Il
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fia,nlendi- dei IUOI on!ini e l a ~ impoqibiliù. di a,,n, il pulso della ai11Ydonc. ~di1aK;....in,ppu..,.mall'inuialiudci..t,o,dinoti,;..i~i oi.illanucomeCapello. 11 ...,htoper~comando~~-p,a,nu,Jmcntent"• momcn1ich,a,·cdtllajpà'Y&,dalla,,_,.,. pn:vilDll:ddla .~ u t a l d i . . u u d i
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IL DIFFIOLE ESORDIO DELLA PROPAGANDA ITALIANA ALL'ESTERO NELLA GRANDE GUERRA
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Luciano Tosi
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~IMA RELIGIOSA DELLA GUERRA CADORNIANA. LO STATO MAGGICRE DEl.l'ESEROTO TRA ffiALMA. WTTO E Cl.RA
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mdiv.........,ilOll(flìchcp,'Offl<>Mfflldirt"flamcnlo~twoni•oke••l~ il WNO J o - prodrG>dllllepcntiie...,..,piùnu'"""'*,qj-111lfnlmoilaliaru. All "oi,e,a J, ~ d d 1mm11 Wldoimi~ chcMI 111i1,w, 9i pu,}di~ .pNdM!do1I~ Jdlc 11117.wive i1I tn1 ~ 19tS t il 191~. che l"i'*"' r... vi collllhllrb.
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So,mplicicimdiini. ~i"-li,-illtiloClol~ilOovenooclcforLC...,..chc w1diall "iniziodcllcoolililieoniMJialJll)Cllaairailimricpnlcn,,S1iufficialiirnpts,,1,1,
""!11<"111116':llc•une~-pochellfttl'PC. A!p,leltiti~aai"""'"'alin, ·~1UCi&liti11, ......... li clloe.~1pOCUlal'menltC011l"llnlllmcnloODIICffllritu<ltl lbl.LO • ..........,ooon~ol1cnell'dlobonzionrdclnumobdlico;anilli. iM1:llclluli.~. ~-,,,.....,&lcunidei..,...;pn,14;,..,...;nc.,..w(... collal,or...,.,oll'opcn,lli *IACplOmonlclOltn1itoldMichcnelfrtmlo:Ìlllcnl<I. Pt"'~iaimef..--lc ia i ~ on quc91"amhilo • araam: ""11111\'- milii.t. ,;,, 1Tcqum1nnimie i YCnici milii.i
.-uUahon,onooo,,loOgdlitivi~ . F.ad&l<uù~cli'f""liwtodali:ri6elronforlowdle ...,;riwJl..-.,la ....... -..rionc. O.qu,,11ioni~-•~prirudiricti-1·-......,qooalÌ.,..;. i.. pruna.1ft"11lokOOOlall. ~ Lopm:rnoncoocialcdclhmn,qli-iclip,ern.ScÌllfllllidopo
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lfflifiaonri dlrncNioni • . . . _ ali.,,,.; del conl'lino la 1od1ll: delle perdilo n1porlnpi,11tl\dlu1darijllol7.Ìalic1llcÌnlpMIKlnil.'MlalOdelldvilcpo1eV1nrn, Ja1"10lltii.-ialiJ.oi1MIÌll>ld.iiinpioailidallapcm,'". URoriaonle po-..Onllrfflll ~
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'l""llodellape,ttliont,ng,,tri""dqjli-,1•1cdclkdcnlcdelffl*kmlallo.ddllllltlil0 dalk rclarloni pcnonali o Il IIIIMimo dallo ktl\ln di qualche 1,omale. d111 lollJ"MlullO 111:1pnnumni-..,llopruopdl1•1di-p,trn"'-·llUMdllllpubbhcario..,doinom, dcicaduliein1kunicu,ddluroritratlo'*'sraflco". ~i11U010,,,·ilim1risi ùaUIY11purllCffll""d1unll.,.,111ffl!OliYOoufficltflle1pm:q:,irc l"_,,,itìdel,:onlliuo. Solo1clì111nndò1nll1.lodifficile~dcll"oriaun~dellullue d t i l o ~ anotiw1wicl,l,c,1rOvatobx1U1pinofamoM'idlicid1eilmi.,t1croddlllGoo:rnlàntl 1ulrandammlo....ale cltiClduri.Edllq,aiop,-,clì•Ì$tll l.anno,;ftl\'c~.,._;1 l'ill6quando1llllclìsill..ioncdi-pcmrapidocvinorimaoi""MIK.11t-1"esot1a · · · - delle pttdilc. lii pe,.:.nonr lbbMUN• CIIÌMI doH '«alombc dlii, si ,uva profilanoopcra.lOCifti illliMY. RÌ>flfflOIÌICUcmcR.OpoC<lpill,del 1"$(..,...,8 1.610 caduti).H 1'11 6vidc lll100R1p111Md1 hm 122.Jlfluom1ni.E111qucs!ilp,,gate1I prcw,p,11 olio furono, IOldllidelleclusidi lewll 18~1119<1. O. ,utiitoa. monc in,.....hoquindi ilW1110p,vaaedciCOM:r,1t1chlamal,al,avi,ìodibainto1ncidrnueu1\o~dcllc Olll~ii. Come-,1 d' al(,a pmc MCllc nrsli - i MIIXfillÌvi quando Mli~ .......,...,.._;r...ridellcclnlli 18'il1,l899". UKW!ldaqucstionedoniutorcprdiminlnnenlcidll punlod1•ts11110riografico .....,..,P';,"'°"'P'-erit"è.,.6,-...ibiklnCrianl""c°"~""CflOD"l"ebibooo.tio.dcl lunoc...,.11acac,--1cchiami.amopropapndoùalct11app:enel ~inll:fnl>. Lo mobilita,..- mnnle,·nw1, i. .,,Ioni ~,u,k """P""""' inf1ni P""'l'in,J,;ndlla. nttte1 diun-dinn>1i....,,fc,,i;,cano1;...,.di.:unipllrioU,cioiltnmoncde,c,,pp,.IL,ni
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mihllric """'inf,;,,ido....,dc,mo1w, caniinitdell'~1*nomcadelhD,11uoii la sui,11mm<ae del IICrilicio in .... l'CIOricl dcli. pentila-....... ~ 11111 na7ionc. Nelle di (IICfT& euror,ce cra,,o ,n fundo 1ii prc,onri oolo la 1d111itla d~ nrcbbc dowlo-., J " ~ pMl'KIUICO 11\1 anclN, 1 oodiri om.-oci .. jl, aJla.;,..az;o... dclle laceniziooiipnwocMC.Wa......,..MaM. llm110_,dcla.ria,:nc111;c- l\lZM!lllle, nalllndolamonccomcdown.>ooeinlpn:tcindiholelribu1111li.JUW*"""*Uapatria,kwnl o rii...11 11 valorialeNlln> il qualo r i i ~ il lnllma: ...,1r-,tu111 dcli. 111Lionc
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la'°lfttenn,"Tebb,:p,.,1ul0,cna1*'<dldti-riuo.i,a~1SUR..,.,._," Ili qu,s&o punto do~...,. ùn <Ilda. awnr,apo onlefVffltilla del 191"-11, che 1i 1vn1M
ucndosulloffllllldo 1JA I l ~ ...roi-. il moll}ddl.o pnn, p,llrionicl , , _ . . ...-YOltl,.......,,el'~ bcl!i c , , " ' " " - ~ ~ ..11:tWk,... ...i,i;,,w.. r - . Ma coa 1·..,onodtlleo.tiliLl,leeiip-nzeoocialie""""li...,vianoenlc ...,,.-togctt,-,iali t iitih1.Òonali.romo i.i fdirno. •ccn:an: l'omc cMl\lfflCIMi più 1nlnllediatipn-1t.clllt,.~pnur1111-,..piillullpddprev,SIOtle
padil<Kfllllttpnl~. L·.....,.inoi1elnrntUcLo .... ......,,..;,.-.cht ux,,-. dol l"'lmnon., delk lfflfflllllll mobohlallll dd RÌMN'pl'IWl'IIO.,... ~ ilelll- f«a moria c 1oohil1!al*. P*"""i-zi,almmiefi'Mlegian:lo"*"""'""10..-ivodd l1M1n. . _ p,iì ;..,__,.,.div...,..i1a-11r,.a;,mi:.;idroo , d e l l ' i -.
A..,.,. r_..,,_. pMnUaica del corpo vmlMO dtlla pnn, di ...Ulati e ,..,..1M11 11tnMdol1 al m!Ollf u iniprp11i ...11e du1. i1alianrdupo C11p,••:w(mim1i...,queua,li1111111 n11l....,.) i - , - e l'ardorede1 toldlll1 a de, civ~ì"""' .,......._ i n111llali 1penu, Mori 'P<QO il IUOUIOWUIO i,ct vero.come r-va ...-r t.1nnAic.i.d1e, . . . - Mli pi , r.,r,11,-,hela """'"-.c,..,,.....,,le ~ ""llf>CMOllctt"&IJaLa . S . ~ l d t d e r _...._ · ·~ ff'Oi<ivanw ilei~ ..-iMo llalLo IJW'ft,.,... ,._.,_.... del -rif\cio' • • k...,O tkMO ilella ri,romp.,,.iLiu palf!Ott>CI ilella bdlia, 11i.-cl probltl,"""'*•~•-l*te--dclleoon,1Mididll!II-. Maccnr, ,,ona.-bin: leprvlon,lelènll!oociali ec..hunlidiUII _,lleprmeoonl';,.p,..
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llcll101pj,il!nip::l«lla_.....,,. Mirnnducibllt ai lrllOn wci t piil narl<,nah11:1 ddl' _,.,Ìf<> e a,n il 1X111100nO di molti wfficit,1, dioompkmm1u.. l'inpqo ile, n,utilali rrorll il --..ddlu_,,.,......, ..,, 11....,....., . . _ _ del pMMUondi -an< dllC........ I DMz. Mctiftf invece pc, c.,..-.nsu c dilffll YOlooli di Cadoma l"illi1urionedei cappellani milillri, t...., ...,....,_ <fflnh del lulloedcl dolore ...1.-. C"t da dubican: che lllla oripK ! X l i i ~ <h quau,fi&1na ... 11aDllconoapevokz.tadllpanedell<>SIMO-cl"'ffdell' ElercllO, < "'pu1ionlare do Lioi1 i Cadoma. della ~umpll:Nità e della del luno di ,_o•.......,.... ..,..., _ relipol.l dur.- il conllmo ilakH""", po<ll1 ponii .,.,,..drl!'m1ra11inp,nn nd l<ll ja:!"111",qpmmtoc1opimpeda1tnlilan:vctme
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an·allcr.ndtlle IIIIQC, a, lodia: labaaaclia · pc,' lo più paN - contro Il ,.......i;. e il IIIIJIÌloqillO- Ma lfttN IOIIO il pmtilodelt'evanaeb,-,,.._, <kl rilve&!Nl mipOM). i. io.., barta&iia p,i on,rqn111MI. l'a.ilo dcli mobiliWIOnt lpiri111•lc - fio del lii.,_ poo,M-.,. Da,..,.,a11amone:di-callotpCIIKOi<lddlapn,..p,ern,modcmo..laid11"'"'" ~drir-itllOIUil~icwancria11•iadolb s#bl,,_,,_ • ....,..,<rimo'". Non1-podrcC-alino1&vaintau.i......,1u1cuabtin:lipoofuuaoi,,pin,1,1",ì• 1<vme,.._daspon1,.1,u,:w.,pn,ott1ie.,dopnillellacttieu;_ll,....._e 1a...-aani,ei.1pn,liclledi~chesialT\clanc:ldipiù•~•ncollllicho: <Mail'lfffflliddleO-fiila-10.,.ncn:110di-,iaiin ..........111,1paned1 ....,ili.,;-on,_;.~..,~"'ll"ffwu",lan,liai<-IUl"'P"W'Uoeml,n,,·a ,;....,,...,.~ ...... aU.lfa&Nil aftidandoli a prMòcMc--.i t k ~ . - - , .... lpn tul1d.:--ICI.A1m .......10p,ùipales,,VMOic.nuc,n...,..,..iddla&-,,, modemallr*lpiùilOldali~-..,INcodicidi .... faulli--icoclw~•.. r~ilidolla,......elariconclucnl1 .... dill'lffllionctc_.,_.le11111..,._ aonnaledtll'elHICN&: ~lapnBameW1llaeolloal p.rillellapaaeodiw, ct11tcl-ullnk~tc•larabi~diolkW11ppC.IOflnllWOdia.u-wnudina. dorollo,,;ar.,.ol,;mllinoentn:1 .... ~ . -cic,licaerout... icadolla•ùe<klla...,,,.edi
a-.:eaan:e.JICfchidrimci.dioupc,w,:Llpmva. co11.....i.mmo-peroq1Un:leougac,on1o1onopa6d1cdiMario l...mahidiinohi..,..; fa- flluioM .... ,~.wlOlhl".O.·verollna,,,!11ddla1_,,,.,._... tcqw1"*n!.., Kt*>cdotonid,-elabcnzione111111>flW!il ~cauoliroche10m1vaancn:nelb lll<:ldi1lal1M11..,noolodipen,oullic11.ledcll''°""""Mn0Mlc.1.&9m•. . orilmmn "f""1lale eemmn-. della .,_-.-,,uva alla (.11isa CIIIO!i<a d, i - - il ooge11oucuralnm1e ecuhunlrnm11< PN adMlol a rom~ &li - d dl'dabormonc rollcmvallelluaodiptna. Nooltcl"IIJIITcllOnodl',.........,ilpmidm...,.,ola ri<ducazooaecaaolicadolkUUpped:ibesJìelfeni..,naidallc~,;:aMlitll,t11111 n muttallf-CM1pa,tin,dl&l1aMicadom1111111ella1<lllfflllcesi,:ca«di~ del rnumabdlic"eddl"ideN•Uaillellivap,,,ub 111C""lll""•'"'°la~can,oli,a,. l ' c r i - U o e ~ l l e l l'ewm!Ol"impqudàucenb,~-·__,.,,_ imporlaMI: a,n codki nulilllladii e dolronon, peenoctico che <la .oli avtd,l,cto poMo e clov'*' uffrin: ,.;p.., .,_,,le ak ,,.,lfen:nz,o di pcn-.. E di 'fWOla ;_,n'cmw, milii.e - - -.. .,.....,...i1en,la;oorii<k,c:a,ppellaaiche- dirado...,__,i, d•-ullddifiu.nl'Ulltililadi...,..iulllcilll, MaP""llfllr-,ledolloS...MIIIIKff
cill.-i~peril c,,nolicoC........ieo11forun:lil'Q!Nnldlhct9PJOIIIIOeclovllMI~ 1111ripan:,~ ......10•llcllOl'l'cmiabclliche..
E diqucMawpplm><1CMIOOOlll1tn11NnckJ~ Uflil,1pcrkNolirirallet.mi1licdci n,olilarin,ppramll-dclklelli"""'ianzcpioilsip,ijlcaciw. Nau...,,nib811Hd1 Lu,a
, . , - ·-· c.,__ nel 1915 ...11·ea,mpio
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Mn,nun:npp,,iCttlanOoncaomollo~d'lcollabo,vionc1neivih,militaric ...:crd,;,u. Con lo: OK 25.000 ,.._ impc,p1c in ohrr AOOO 11ffi<,i lfWIÌ "' N11a l!alia, l•>1rumna-ilcomp,todiraccoslierectrumencrelenotiriewiK>ldatoc~di ,....,_btarc,fami&[iarioakrimililialllri<aad1,art,nu;,ioniwanucio,_-imobilÌUll1 lii fronic. Un"o,,en, ai....-d,c vide: imp,.'"&Mli pri•dp•l,....IC do, un lalo I ,;:app,,ILoni 111,lii.i e i -=-lo!, in pi[Pll'Yff1k• n:Jisirveidabdei li:nb cdie,,:;adulo al frorileoncpi ,...,.,...i,cdolll'allmic,vili • topUUIIOdonntdcllallurpellr,cmadìna.,""""".,.IIIIChcncslimpedatimih1ankfrilOria.Ji . a1ra1...,lcinfnnnarioni...:cohe. l•bchc:vidc
•>ehc:lad,naapane,ç~dcimilii.i . ..,.,._no11fflciali,c,,i~llplllll0'loompto 1ndo""°""la11ru111norpniz:toli.,.pioì-ian,.a111,n,cro1uca1lolfflÙUlrnmlodrida1i"
larollaboruione1ncivil~milibricucndolifu""'""°""""-cn-dadifficolùc ,.,.1hù.topB1to11<>dapu1e:llliliwcdic.,ctkv,,ndl"(IJltl'lldci<ivili11niNralc10all' ~ ,ldlr uuri,,r. K - IIN p,ricolola '-did1JfaDOlfflOchc:,vm,bc poluloltunla&i,tre le 1,...-,pcconQ11m1i. Maquc:,1CUcm,lion1d1,chcdc,u,mpi~pcriquirclelrlolX.-dolln11l,h 1•u 1 ~ i . c-,,.·aiea ricordo del MCriflaodqli Ìtllian, e dcH"open, dei c011"1it1ui ,,.·i1icfanminilidcl fron1eincemo.C0111tui100aOlaoat1-= · cloq_di..,.riccrca ot, ,... medianonc 11U<ialedcldokn<;b:. - k muli.: ...,.....,,..,.ro1,un1; di,... I"'""'= dei venici mihi.ò, prau~ n 1h alti [l:ladi dcll"CSCl'C~o la ~ • Jcgl,cfktti..,._,idol1num1hc:Hiro cdcl l a ~ a,....manctin111COl'IO,di ok,wrdar,!1111Nt111Jallalngedia. C-pooì-._ii..nurilaicidcll"Cln<"MOlembnl•"lcu.m,1aV<U 1'Uflil,io <1<>riotnJico della_.,,~,.,;.,.,., fonclolo da 0..-.... Borclli e po-. alle d ~ rr11n1ddminK!erocll'llaC:........epo,dol~.,..c"""';,;.,,,,· 1111iloilll..d 1~16 .,... docunoaowc • futura.....,..;. 1. s i ~ . . , . di insfomwione opcnu. tbllll g,.,cm sulla ..xl4eù. illlliano. la.,........ di lknlli .. '""'"' della roliationlnonc di ccr,:hìa pneori- di ~leullali oomc Giu,q,p,, Pl'caolirn <>Gl<Cdl,.., ....ipe-"
Ciam:unodiloro.ronlepmprio~. li--~OOlllpll)difflCCO&lien:c11uoti:ln:le ICSli,-iarlze{kflerMwa,~kncrc."*'snfic.«c.)uldial!.~della mot.itiw-iolw,a..-,illllllilCIIOriddllitoeicdiital-. 0.klrafonnuio,,,~Ji•i -idciCU1111ffli.dal-.-ndo ...lle"'-alfolklon:di1uan..iltnwn1 bdlico ....,_.. 11,t-lrinÌl;lail,va d1 RoftN1 l'l(flfflo di bmelìca n>llun ....,.._politic,,).aillw1lle.
Laff!"lia!-.i-•t ~dril"Uffici<lcdei-,ic,,1........,;.n,m..,..._; •W-...illRioMl-librnlitmo-alloq,ocale~Cftellptm1~ oplUIO..iil"ww. dtsli--aloropadizio - • .. 11Nw11diMLioolc~m..»mlA,
dlbe...,.•ilaaiqul,IM,oua,~ÌllllpcrJlie--idi:nlilimiti~vi_.dÌrl'aOl'e;pcril ~-1m1pn:0Dllabcnuwidqlìm1el.....,.li chevi iw-,...._..... anche C,peNl>oopnllllOOp:l" Ì oonlllDlironlo.,.._.,..,njliìlarid,e .... k)li..r.,.-le,fli,;iali..,.
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tociakdi........,kferilcdip,cm,;:i,,IIOfWlclalKIIIOriloomc--pri,,c:ipaledi ,........ pracmdne dalla tut,1-,;,,,,e dtllli e dtl luUo ia ._ n:llnCa _,..... o auionalilDa alla l\ll"ffll il ndodi ba ro..ci.-1c dflla "'-* toeialc, AITl,;li.am,iallc-clel lttt,:w l a ~ icnledique111--dtl - c d tl - , ~ K l d o p o p t m ..... mollcc.....,Afttiecro-lo dtl . _ bellico. S-cli pndill e Nlltlonrioa, 11d lullOCW. com in•ltrcoaoricdddolorc.c, pai o . , - ~ i e ~ . . . . . w . ili. M•the.rilfflalldo COMnll:iont odnttilaria dic -
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L'ASSISTENZA AGLI INVALIDI DI GUERRA IN ITALIA FRA IL 1915 E IL 1917 Ugo Pavan Dalla Torre IJ .."'-qw.t,.-1,-11....rl l.aa-.dep,c,nlllolprin,o,onllotw.,induecriale ddlallOria, ,lpn11W>coall1110N1all IUIM:lenlOfXml!ll...lt.~Ml<"locc~.,__.;paes;coi•volri"CMtffllfflf*'plc•ILl11•
S1ema1icadiomoioncdcllc-Km1Chc'. l>unntc.,_.poerravenncro.tihl.llllo,,_, - - l .....li1P'(hulNc,c~t1flOk>l.,cd!pro,ctùli. U111drllr""'*JUfflZC p,~ rikvlnti ddl'i,npqo d1 IJJOlc l,p.,lup: d1 armi Il, 1 · IXI nutKro d,oo,kb11,;lw,n,:lwr,,odellcMMJN.-•.....,....,.,.,.,......,1,cdiqoiell1do,:,·cni,-,ffti. 1,, p , , ; o - p ~. °""""HpfflOclolCOflft1nommpo,1Ò,ptt&lianct1imobititan, 1111~11ò.rmD<pniaarM1,b11i~ap,n,lcpmlt1<Mlbi1e, .........kddittitm:, ;...w.; ......,;,.......,11,:~.....,_ ,..-,,lffrll. AlninidiCjll(Sli.._i:nll_P"vi oco,,,unqw....,;t,,hin•lml4)0~1e;•ltricra,,opcn',fcntipavidor.;.cloil,·aoo la~11i1ec,M,pr,KOIIC"'fW"l'n·...-..dd<1ecaso, ...N,-.ool'ampu-di11Upwllr del corpo.La,...i..edcitmrie<adunqllcpanioolam1C01C1ilo,van1e,Mlpm:htcn-offi1re1.....,toldol,..,_...,_adqjul10edcflio:am. . . pcrcW..., liOldalo f"nno pdeVa IDIXlnl OOII.Ìl>II.., wia m,;,... (lff !'cteml<) molJil;..,_ ............ Ìfl
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cvii libri.t1Cnllìdlomalicimihlllriedll,i,ec111li,ai nelcampndclll inedif:-.~ nelle un,~""" e w, m'l,lloori illiwli cli rioo,,:.o ùlian,, iltwar.,u.oi ~rni ~ i c ...,;iar, d111 lip,,Man~-ipiolrile.,..nti...,li,onodi~aucm-Scnc1isoli,10M-iquauru propo11idallaa:,l'-.namrrlllu,·iaJLosaiionedeifffl11'.
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11a1aa""""""villime,;li:llapena:,,:d,nn)il'l.....,ilndiclieCONllintwleinchcrnndo quattllli"'1.\/ffllla'Oorpai:uakCoarludo~'"";-pr,11i.,..,;propontnc1o d..eODMm'llmlli. chi riien,o-~ · •I ~ d e l min ~ . l..1 prima, In manicn~npidll.iio l1&1ialicomprae_,,,,1;mk1Mi_.~nieift. v•lidi foue-,io fomite 11M ~ . p,iodw lal.'llr1 mc,bca rinlaMva-...our111.,_.,..~delp,vcaao~.m1leviccndodolla ,-..,.ldotu.-die-non""p,~ll~di....,'°'ril,evo.l'lclconodcloonfln. IOffll&lioreimp:,rw,n•cini: _ __,tp,,,priepsq,ondaMlll-- 1'...slcna oociale.S.<>Dft1fRSCllndo""bllo.>càe•"""er-,e~m,laHOOlldlMclielliu Ìll1'1hUlJKIC 0 arw,'1""lllnvolia11U1Ulf'ICÌaoldaidM:..........idlll'-,rllo,liappre,.._,_IIÌlffn'°'1!01lla•·11&c1v1lecon..,oorpo-oconllal111CmiuU1,mach< ~111:ltpir1YallO•fl.'Òreetn1 ""'1btocifflo. UJnqo,el'~nalianasia-,iòl\n dlaibito-~1D<:ialcol1ttdM:..,;s.,..uKalldwna~. L"Uffllffll.l iuol..,.rwpn..... o11rec1iepu1,4,1.... Aa.._qlionr:idicanne,,.pri,,-""i1oo..-. mole, sforrinllMnl fini ,n.,...,..ocompoanc~ d&llo-. M1 Liv"" .,..ilàfu ...,·..in furffln le ...,,,u,nw~ della p..n . i ~ per luldarc; propi d,nni e pn..,.. plian-la l'tlCIMIIICIWak:ofbUldolluSuolcf. Sitnuò falli . i IUIIU._;J'C( l 'epocaea, 4..,.1;11._..,._,._.... ...,..,,11<.....Jo.J111riboiorelap,IUnicvanza.
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"rcdtnl10KHdallapNllf1a wadinoncminv-,1d1Cillll>ldailo .....,làodi...,.._ondia dolpnlJ'f'UclabloCl1i11111~--""'*'"'"di~n,dol lepropnc ,,_,_i;1i.,_ aninlqre.Qu,:,,to<lhifflivoli..,,t,l,rl"'h*!ng~canndodi,....lln:illa\l<lro n1bihlallvo--o-..io ..11e abililiopcuibllilli lloidleddinili.--.1ep,:rdule, motulb~di'l""llelffldut t "'l~ddle.,.,.......,.fino1.,.i IIIOfflallOIIOOIMn!ll*. Alllbuoddl'......,'°- dolkdi•cnclllliYid...,Comiuliv, -ridncheqiiahiMilOldM.:>,K""l"IIO_le.,.Vlemodo.lili-tìo:loccle<11odoe, r,'Td,hcpot.ai~le....,._11.1ila,or,ol.Ìwp,:ne•..-*lllm11tila.6Me. ,.,....-.., nqli1CnUiput,t,11t111,dlod1YaSOCOfflillll<.'Oli-ne! HBolleuinoH. illlvom 1W>l1DOD11 q,uo10 &oc cn Ji:acri!IU come..,_ .. _ , "Neo.in pii, acrodov= dd comp!Odo n . - - vcno, prodi dlii: n-.u _,lari ia Ja'\'mo della plllria,,"' U,,llluu..,iioche...,...,,,.r,arurolan,ri"°""""'iwl quadroditll"-.i_,,r.odin c10<11lelill"~111i v11illllpr,,papndlclle1COffl1t1111I\IOl,ao1f1.--d<:LII~ ,i,ontc<,l,JlllolC.'Ol)O c h m ~ cdi(<)fflvolgtt'C•l....,oorn1111W:1Vpof5ibllcdlmu11lau dqc1lll DCJlo fllPO',llli miliwi. Vcnnnu _.,.., Ofll*'OI, mfon-m: ,;,.~.,,.,_. la aillaboraztoocdi11ndx1,puruc-,cdiM111cnud,n1;11tlllenllliobilla>.....,oclle conie uopNOh,,..,. Nella praope11, .. di f1>·orin: ,1 ..,,.....,mtModd ffll'IIP""Ntmcru,ti ooldMi oclla vili c,vile , Mti i cllladòni a>"'lftlbffo pot,,IOc clov'*t-.: WK<llì di ............ .,... 111i,,.pnlll'Ìll!dlOCaZÌIW*111101ila11.IIINlftffarilmulodlniMtilo, pnil .....,,nvalido cpi:r1"inlcncomunid,,mcilarc1lnllilllloall'....,.lll.....,lllec1ll \>Z>o.SptM01ooldati dqfflri""llilllfltdaliis-vano1111o:le111"·ilidtoocr...01a1eorpnizza1e11Clllpcntda e on moiu vtnnffll 1nf0ffllllicwn>·1111i adaclcnn: ai Pl'JC'llfflfflldÌ nc<b::a,_.,_propr., pui,,al law,md1~1YOl1<>daiComlbb , Quc,,t, uhinl, d<,,,·,:11ttOl&in: -.,.otw1111 pn ,;u-rcgn,, 1k."""' dlfurma>ioni e r.i... c,,.,.,...,_...,c,~...,.,m,,11111111Mi.Ea1 - - .·anoi•fM11 dipmkrell~,ti ,....,.oc1•co.ocro •~•4•t10,N1p;t11eo1•""''·lelom Cllf'ICdfl<tehc.l'N,11•11aaunn
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LA MASSONERIA ITALIANA FRA PATRIOmSMO E FRATELLANZA TRA I POPOLI (1915-1917) Aldo Alessandro Mola
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t'MnmiM,._ di prof.,, a prac~ dalle 1on, °""'i<lni, l"IIIIJICllfl'l ptt lii fd,c,oll, ,kll"...,...,..,;unl'tmUt~pma,eM"'"'pacifica.'l",n6,_..,.,.._,.,,.duca11vo P1'fla'"!,1rù.d,:ll '111JOPO-.""""<b.vntt111 llyvC!l lhvert-t.4c:atcn"'O..O«-/CoJ/~Jn 1t,-d"/wr(l8Jl•J- G,...J(,'ol~,._ ltUA d '__.J'i,,,; (1(J(U). ili On«6in:ladtt
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,_o P..:,S..iialllòli!&*....,liiprcxa,a,_..,""'-'f"ll• lolifanllR1.tpa.•lis..t, U••i d'A...:rkaolll'...,.,.., Tai,_.,.-i-.:oonoehclo_lll,_..p,.ò""""'"*' ""U"Lurope"""',ncnu.lel'fllallff'l'IUl,a,{a;.,purc n pu1,.. i,,1C1cdivu,irorp,, akuno .i..~"""bkdmol1)cchc,"'l'ffl'lalll~. ll--er•P'OJM.:ion,,l-
l",;_,,_,noi..da. LIH......a.S•u" ~pen,., ,n RDfflMla<hc"' llaliaoSpa,..._ Ncl...... N - ( 1815· 14141a. ,...-l'fllll .... poozioftl,1inaol;,n: Niquadroclelle....,miinoadiai,, UUnnilcOncnlcd"hal111C'oOl)'.ll p,il.-.utatalfollllla
~..i,,_,,,oc.1dclpaae.awv,, n,lazio,i1 ... .,...11o..nl.ugiaUnig d' h1piheml (1M•ln-.,Hodicuri~noesr-rie.D011dircc""°""ricanmcmictll0.M'VCffldi _...,lki Mpr.-icliamkw,1ila.ilGnndeOnm.:e..,.,1aOnn.....,il .. F.-:ia. bcncW i nr,,on, n Londn e p_..; b.cm nel 11n pio,,:W ClOf e GLF ..,.,....,,_...,.,.lalivel"iai•111 .........11 MAJla ....... ddOnadoArdlilraodcll'UlliwnoM llqlianiell>UiiMzialin.A l pmpriainlaftOilOOn.,...rori,,dulinli:illti1111imbolic,, illlWIO (baaloainp.ti"'&UuniM: apprceililu.oompapo....-...cuaMdi11~M di~)cloS<;ozzn,:4noo:ainp.tilllliw:nali""'..,,..,.....a1tri1ren1aL Noatolo;10DftlJIO"Cl'lidi"11"klu>ll1Uvanu1'-ol'al1turirualc111111alprimo......,, 110<hé le.-i"encri.__.•"'piiari:aa"M· """ n ~ , llllkduioniclcl..., .-.aQlrOc.i.l.,..ano .....Onl,.,.. lllliliocliMctnpli,I-M""'""(il çwarodo.....,...._, .,.. w:ror-.acll880-"°"l'cn111aC.arit,aldi)ri-ai,,_.;,,;ddl'IOffi<->al,1'; .,.._,
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Noel 190II il Sl,pl!fflOC-gliodclll11uriMlDOOIC !Ul.... dcl R,IO..vaac nai,_, 1i111:iu,cnl...,"'-Onli. Uao. ~ 1 0 d a S . . _ l'ers.~-wro11o11tlCo.w(nl(I ~ inondialc d, "'-hi•S- (1,12) ooine le-glttimo L'ellm , . , _
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b bida:rione drlla Soael.i delle N&llOIIII. Il Gr-ic Onctiic d'lulia d<Wffll: ..:1licttdllchcs-w111:hicnni Nel lupo 1917 ilOOI fu Ml\'QIIIOda ,...·...,,po1cmn wlll condona1m111adllla """ditlcpnM< al C.....-o delle - , i o : ...Ile IW'ÌOIIÌ allnl<: e nwuùi. IVOIIO a r..,..c1a1 ua1,0 1 iupo. Ladi1p1111-,1a- pcr1c...., ,;p..,cuuw;- ..,.., all ' tnlCmO •Il• l..ibmo MUl'IIIOril lla(IMalc ma """""wlla viu. pol11""'"p,,,......,.,1a1e e pc:n,IIIO a11·__, •11c Fur,:c A...-. d1e oll 'q,oa, ronuvano cct11inaia d1 affi.11111.
olcw!1 dc, 'fl'IIÌ iapmirion, eminmli. F.n il caodi l.111s1 ('llpNlo. A~al .......io ddla ll ...,_lfllCSl,_r.ce....miJkrulli.,_.,...,..rUPotnddl"Aoacia~. 11c""C'ftliO -· dìPanp!n<a111ronfin1 deH"F.wop,,cptt)pf*la cotlilllÙOne:dcllaSocii:UI JdleN,,;ci,::,ni(SdN).PurçoamolJeRKn·e,""l'"'"°dclla.....,la~otll•JIIIIO>'Òle"moliwoa,M~i. prr""._~elabiliperl'allroanche lr'Uppl-ede:lla&l..ie: . . ..-ic,quc:s1Cdi,_ _ p,l,blKh,,~<i01le-.:mf....6.l'ffl,ob .,,1la-r-or,.-,a..1n il IYl7e~ IYlll,la Soo:11.UdclleN-...,_~ ,lcll a n - . . t,,,nc,tKediq,,ellet11lkq,w,li . . . alffl:itava l· ~ o a : lklp>. Scrlu. Uo,,aia. cà ddla MC l i ~ a irlvisii I l....in • .-,dlla coa • ~ dal ""'''alO.-.dWC:delRIM. ll ,....,.UOperi11aodlLl91K9'-..oc,6ain1'"'(),aoonlici p11111i~..__ l'M r,remm&e lqli SD!i IJnili d"AJneriça, Woodrow Wiltool.
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,t.olooao-..., confrvnri ckllaSclN on 11Qc:1&iarncnlo miMO di ~,n...d,Mdttw.. .ouuovalllw-. La~"-IIMai1nipopoli~.llll1'mll'O•flllllollidla-ilal....a. ,"N<11o:il..npoa....,_ilnpfri,,~SU(h,,del ~ c l a r o m u n , l i l ~ p ò ù ,,.,_ • I polCf'e poli,-., .,.;"3mlò, tia ~ prr ,1....,.,.,, ~ i"'P<"I" dall\orgeno rn,,n1............llidle .-mi ilati..... Ndl' ag,.,,;&<> 191,1 •• ··<kL OOl HMIIIIO l'1"1111&)11rd11 ...............aohimO ['Mf10l1i<-n. uo:lllt come 91\di alla rnmat:hi&, StDo • mt1n'lltt al "'• Vo110rio Enwourle
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n9<0'Cdel!IO'ffll0ddl'Ordinènno l a _ . i ,il.,:onaidlrn&a-. l.a nuidel
.rt .-dnrnmlucodollc .i;..,;,,.m di F.1.::n I ' ~ ci, lu;Jio)tdtll"--.odel Ml-<lcaipolo,Achilk Ballun (ll -.In). IIOpO
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ltN)llow.,i ri,o,benclla~ckll'-1t0,polYerivaiodallo1t~militancancor poochodal11KOnfi1taoulcaq,oc datlapmpapndarivolunoiwia. Malpdu moliq,lici dìffloollà. lf t'Otfflliuioni ~ 11111JU_,,, lo K'OpO' ••l""iv.ate "" OOlllJUIO ;....,._.ir. pn ~ ,. a.u d,c,lla i.a: e. klpfllUulln. c-ian:ipnncii,,n>tliMiYidi • -S<.,;inìd,dleNazioai~. L'aai-,oicollcpvall
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Tra biC...,ti:rn,;opmig,Mdel l._1 5..,._;o cilC~di:12~:l(lgi~g,,o 1917il gran.,_,1roF.non: Femrim<ffl 11Cfrafflcfiledel OOlcoa lenplcdiapoawoni dct111e dalla cuwlatt n. SJ del 15 ..,.,1e\pllfflll XVdi:111 mac delrannc,di Vcn Luoe000.917
s«onoo la daw..- iniri111ca di 11,; ..a in ahem8tin a .,...11, Ab un,c Còndi11~ Il Guvcn-.> dell'Ordn,. avna coafm,wo ..,....,.,,. il pruplÙIII et.. 1·.,;,,.
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Allo11COpJlek,ucdtn-n-, 1ttn111Mda1s-iD1.dli1liinoni.dlllidubiloliM.~ar,i alla prupapndl per oo;IÌW\iun,: ..,11·..,no delle: b\lOllllri,:i opi p:fmC di illlOlf«m>aediaa:uc,_..,,pe,wp,rareednurw;IM'Callcaoo&onù~IIOl"i COIIJHru1011Codopaatll:nlalOl;Olllrolc,..,.·,·o:NCetlii-iclrlb._..difn11ed uff'.-..l'rumiacinfine!llllnMM-urdi•iMp,,rla Mdi!Dadoi~i~M. LaC..-colan:n«lqs,bikffl1ddddoorlo.,..,.....,ialodlEmaloNalNnalTouu ~ i cklla capillllc 11<'1 N*lc dli Runa dd 1917. L'c~ pan_,, Yi dq,loro i •pessimlsù. ~dadutltN, AMChidip;«oliNICritlciimpoo,,0Flffllln1T.Z11idl cducuionc:, rappuni familian Il IOcl.l~ infÌK. pcgio di wai........,; di laidi illlftali...;
eincilo\: ....'>ipw,rC.ovcmo, coorn<mdioorvqlianna.,,,,..,.di...,...rinnc."'&lialer,eril enH<1GClilcot~."'d"'tMGCl1•ti<:qhete.que,ln<Mmdaoonfonalorioc......i.tcl1al fronlc!• AIIIIYi&ilìadelC<lfl&l'Clllli-,ainodel 23-10 ....... ilbellirivnodel GrandoOnen1e d ' ll.,1;,..,.N~di1oJo10, modc11wpilÌl~kk>sfCnc,_,1ront,d,:I .,....,..., dell'Ordine; doJ,pio tqlioqu.w;lo b#risullalochl:; ··trtici della_,...... ilalia111-l'oNffl)11Miinsradodi~IJiobòtftiYÌpcric,,aaJìffi&<"'MO)dÌIC'ÌplÌM miliratendlc k'U'te...,llll<lcicdcMlc. I 111,uri del C ~ i.i 1mbm) .,dli . , . lkl GOf, in""' Cldict 16: un odif\do
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Cadota....,.aholitnl'ol,hl,ll"di........,1~-idella~Ul-la*'"""1ai.,,.;.,,o e ~ M l MAIIII Gloria del an.dc Aldtilcllo •u·u..;-M, dccioionc 1epi111 dalla pR>cisariuncchclelogcno,,cnno>inlcrdckadlllciprofcsai: 1111unideo.,..ii--i
...netli di wmpo, ma !omDeafa~ lklla loro(lpUOIIC, tctnl)I~ 111 f;,m, dd f'<Wlt,ptOChtlc.,._.,.,idiffl..... •lliipoliticaNÌli_ _ _ allelotge,qu.iftdi
1·~ieismorimanevaKC'Upeno,,ale.eanneaalla,·ouckH'Ordirw.Dat 11771amiliwlza IOICl•Ìca ffllm IDY<CC In Jli ilXlpÌ di .,.,ia,r/;,,,,,. rJl'ohhc,doe,ù'Jl di,I (l()f'· nie,,lc affado IMI HobbliJlOH, i , . , . , ~. ma - IICClla viti via p;,:i dilfua, imkvllll di .,.oclcncalilmo.
1~d,aa:nwlf:KfflQeHliberopcu,croH. I promolOriddCory,'Sl(lsi ~ l a ~ d i "'1dikffUl•ffl!llhOdi l"om,iniLlo-.e. hn',II Francaru1·_,.,,_,.,dd11Triptia, ln1CA,,...,_,..,,.;....,.1avun. 1111.~poUnill>di Gnn tlrNplc lrlancla oc rw..,_ Aoori. O - alla R-ia.• ~ il ~n,,lqualeffllpnk'ipilllaco,,lam'Ollanone di-,loloa,ovi,.._.,·-ialerdime, ...:cW-oeono-.n10.- 11leda-- · .,nio1oi;,,...,,.....-,,w;,,., di:ll'uimpcro..iauo. ll C,..,.._.a.....,..,11a.i...,.-dd(ìnndr:Qricr,kd'l111l.. (F,....., l·cnari.llmc.M,NalhaneCarloBerii:nda)cckllaO-LogloSimbolica llllliana l Giuocppc
Mooni);dd(l,-i,,O..-L....-O.doe-llnadieUnt,lleecltls.,p,-Con1i1hodd llcftio. dd Suprrmo ç,...;Jlo:>ddlll Se<N.dd GnndoC>riNloo e del s..,,anoCONiJiio ,k:ll'Ar)l<,,lina. 11 Grande Ori,,nllo e il S..-,.,0 c.-lsJìo dello S - di Rio (ìnndr: dd SuJ(S..ilc)di:k.-pn,,nu il p a r , - •1°""'*0rinl1eluli-. doepm')-,polf 1ntff\'fflireelio~doNocol.Nc-ll'~l,1'di.,.._._.1aGninl..ogill , l c l l ' ~ ,....i ò u n ~ d - ~ A la~ori-,Nril)ef\'e,llltraoe,.i,,,neddl1
nn,11Log;.diCo.111RicacdtllaGoant.ogiadelrQliìo.hnuipa,,nouc.,.lefflll~ hainc\llnli:IIISpocna.ooo~CinlldieOriealCSpq,i,olo,...,.,._.IOdol.ub
d, ...
Somam>c Lini S.lmeron, • coa laGnn Logia Rqi,:n,le Catalal,o.~ (V11111iu~ e
1,s~iue,a.co,,laGnnLogil, Svl'lll!lfllAlp,..(Sdtwffllftt A"""1),1IS"Pffl!IOC-..Jl1<> s~iuiem(Alllhffl)1< il Gnn Prioniiodolla Sviuen (Auhen). LIIFnn,c:illel' lt11lit.r.-od,pqllei ... l'IICtip,ii~crappracntlllÌ~i p e r l e d i - loroeddleri,pcffiwcromunilà..-iche.Adilfemv:addOOl,il GOF elaGU' avn-ano~re~,-111-le"po:,lca4mauonochc:~d! lkla,o e Snbill(nrnoo,iaqn,<iiie-C~ •rnpenc.....,..,1oiacoaquelledif'nnoplloeddl' iftflua11C Sviuim. hl li,,...«>fl lecomunid ...-..idocdd ltqi,oUniio(OLUlì, 110nm Logia dei P11Cti l:laui dc<:~.» r ,1~no • ~ 11 GOi 111 dal 1162 aveva e h - i l ~ liii pani, della {iLUI. che pm'I (e IIOlo t l l r d i - ) .,_~·• , _ ~ 1r1 leri1pethwOniodi~.maKtW1Kllllhìdi..-i d'1111icii;illaé"ffOeproprio nl.'OIIOICWllo!. II 0011vewit,ve«""l'IICIPOflO~Aldoc,onitGOF.U1the .., ino:ri- . dli ~ che (IUIIMO ........ attOnillO nd lffl al Onncle Orifflte ltalillno.aia1ilui10daloJa,e _ _,,..,_,lino1IIQOS ~ilOOlpw,«ip,ft .. eone- di f'ariai aip&.iv. anche 1rr.:.-..i ID .......... ~ ........ Ì ~OOcnu1,dallaOnml<lgi,, d· 1t11lia.fondotll•I L910dlllSupmN,ConsiJliockl
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Roroocw.--icoeKCe11MOprQOOdulodaSr,eriof-~da.....-llQdclGOle accolloi:omelq,nimoe~cialC<111,·...,rode, SllfW'll1Coui1h lftllrlOAWaalunjlM nd 1'112'.
Al0Chl! i 2-4 jpuano, ~ dcli. - u <kU. Gnu, lopM di Londn, e NCro .s.,.c...,._Ban-·.~~«11a-.-pn)Mll1111C11101.mdallaoua odot>!ione ti C<111pao ,; 11J1r111 :?t l)IIJIIO. tcr"lO _ , . . _ ddl".U.."tllMO d i ~ ~ddbilP,lfflf.inCtJnO. P'MiedulidaC,_...c-.lJll1mae.ndelC.oF. dalla p,11111 KWla , l,m,ri e b b e r o ~ /uwJrt Lcbe}•
e dal ttnmk: hip,,!.
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"l'JIUIM!ftlio, qutMi pron,...,~ "" prohuo dllCO<SO .,Ila ....,_. 001htw10ne ddlll Soc1CUI delle Nanoao. lllutln) , pm:unori del ...,;11........ dall"l,.nnclopo:divno all"AJl!ICfllhlea ddla l.qr, 1'"'" 11 " - citi IM73., illuutil i rem<>li """'°"itJ ,__,,,. e ~ i , ; , , di dal- vita alla Soc,,cll, <klk: NVl<llOi. Ev,:,ct, k C,:,n~ del 111'99 e del 1907 e q,,cllo 00,,~0(.... 1 F -rma r~ 1111<1. Setus ~ di ~ r..- docili diplo,n&n1, dipcn<kno,:da,·ittn<k:bdlichcdall"csitoinlprtvcd1bilc.Ld)cymdi.ook:
. . , ~ dd C...i&lio <i<H"Orcl1ne citi OOF•. Onlore
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.....,..uo mc1e prin<;ipali e-._;.: il ,....,.., ddl·A..._cdclll i.Offflaalll Francia. Il •i."<>lri-.-clelb Poloaia, 1·~ d e l l o , Bonnia. la ~bennoMa r ...ifi.oazicat delle uzimll,tli ~ doll'orpniUMionir polilicll e amminifln!ÌVII dcWln,pm, '"""-lial in SI.li <bi .,,.r;.,; ciel,...,. oulb i - d1 plclucil,. Lchey 1vvl!fli di non 1,~ ~ - - I 0 1llkl1,open:hépn-i,._;.__.,..,.......,_din10"t""'1 "1alo libcro. Altm1an10V11le,.1pcrl"_.,Se,t,iacheha__,,almonda1'11'1lclf* ,ti ~ . . aill~ nc(llmKICftlac ....... fedt ~pMnOrtitmoronaoot0w. ~ p,.•ll1iowid1rilrovon:.manunc(bmano. 1l1«a!llmti·fnoellid·t1ai..· • . ..c- 10ro -
pm:Wl- . no, contiamo..,111vi~c.ulbpaccp,;,- illllùlllo0didìnnuili,llc 1a1cir,alenlc. ,ITrmtinocTriew. 1111 luivnw.lnlpalria,,. NOlliNPMOIIM IJCria. F..mt. O.lmu.ia. Lcl,cy ollllllffl 111filll!, nc(lt l,nor-,oali. laca.111 dclii SoctN delle NMKlnl. La""" ot111."""'........., ; """';,mc1,..,puvd10chcilpa.onaeom,Comnuprnp,,oe1J1"csomedi
..,.. _,.,.,_,...rumprmdmlc Mcon1 11rappracnurvadcn"halio..Pcrprupi(iam,;:ill...., oj"rilad,. . -. l"'ff\'a1Mperp,n,o&nc.oNNml.ocoondoilqwolcllcommiw1011C ..._..-.oocu,o,rsieo;ckm.-dclllcariNDOneclellaSdN.oU"'IOpn:,o:1puodcl
1·.,.,.,.._~ Dr~ atori ,_,._, (Tmim. Fnnri. S - . Soudu. ubey. ~ M.,,..._, Schw-. nc.l, i 1avm l'uronarinviali alle re pomcridilni,dcll'inck>mlni. CQn Il !'""IOOIZI di Papi. ck,po..,. breve i""""""'- di Ld!ey ~ dihlnilO o•m,;.·c,urò Mlii.o
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1np!"(JJIOl'>C""""1111 ~ ? La9ffOlllia~filpropvgnmdllC-cdaN111han. roouol"1vviwdi:di allriddqali. ;.,uo l..ebey. n p111110 VI dclbC- oubill inlì"" dio il poten:lqi,lariv,iin~~IUIOCKfffllllodaW1"parbrncfflow(OUICfflblca), fomwo da 9'1111: "'PllffHIIIMh perciatcwno s-, adcftnlle. quh"" foacror_,,,_ r.--ao,"' ·""'"'"'",.,,.,c,~ahuoMi· -dccioi<medctudmlcper.-.i"""li~"nncile hal11M1,n,di..,11~idicomuni1in--,id,ediStarifflffl0"*"'•"°""'11, 1: ott.Xl ll indic,',l'cmhlcmadclllSdN: ...,")llvilloaw-il,ok.,.,.;ion,: "'p:i.nkMI fonclok,noo. cin:o.bioda ucllcpllcianwncrocom~.tgliSWiadctcnti. lli1C1""°'1"""""dc,co,pi _ _ . i 1taliano, MMniilWrò,......,,...,do(ull'Cnlo. ~"lrioofo i-.,,lcdclpria<ipioddlcna,l(nlOl1Ù~,.,.Jlotn<cild,el[a....,..;,...
MU'f)ICM1. .
di 01wq,pc Mui:ini wla v i t a ~ ~il mcno:o: lilvlll il'IICmlZionaki il fine~. • r.cu, oonquo . qommll(l . i,,rr-,,.-di:IL1d1-1pn:,t,lmudcH"AlllZill•l.orena.del Trentino, dcll"htril. d,::lr fuJriouco orintalc. ddla Boemil. della P'oklnia, dello Sch1eP-i1• lloli;lciri. didl"Armmia. de.•. L'c,b;cn,w:> ..,......, penqui_, con l'eliminariooe di op, disporiP10ell~ddlccoa1aenazi<.oli mcdlanlearbitra111,IICl,oic,,dcllcC011kfffl<c dcll'Aja. Dcaic infine 1cen della.....,,_..,. clclolicn dclii l.lricpz,cM italiana. °'I") ampia pn,,lffll. quella arf"nm} ~ diriao dc, pop>li di ori<oJtiwi"' su.lii buedcllcc~id.. .-.llli. cu,i<t,e. morali.91&Widoe. W1isucheknmonlllilàopcr'-lk o penino cancellMc da lunpi -,,li di dupotilfflO e di milillrilmo,o.
lonmcd1.11..,,.._ dopo di lui il lrfflO MihldlO'Yoct, pmp-. dlc le MZionalitioppttSR ,·cn....ero rouuh.alc "'"'*-- piet,il,ciio e _,_,,, flSli Sllli che lon> COIIVfflÌ_,., o ri-..olibcn,. BmmdocNatliali°""""'""'. y.......,..i1':hNIICn'...,.,.-..podel OOllllWOnlklldeltaik>IVÌZZlm>"l'lffUÒlaproposaddLISdN1111.,<jliak~le di ... P--.eunk.didliar6di""",.-.iproaimaare1UpuntipMic,olariripardanli ronfi..,; poorwllici. DopoMIIJIÒI d , _._ (nelllq1111le 1n1CrVaine nuovnnrrie.Mconi).il~appnm',Llr..ioni:clrcli11ltimiduo:~del drlc11mmw,1a1ìanoinw,Wlicadiriiiarvione•~• l'ino!lnalablcvolonlll!de.,_ lel ""'itsanca1M9')111111iquel~M1Cona,ètd',lpavoc lalom:pn,.mwi1de L l ~ ... buta,m.....,llllaq,ueleoacrillud"~v;..ìl'..W.lallr\lille ~..,..pcupletledroilckrec.,.,..ill.N:f-lelna1.ionalil&lriwso.a~, ..,_uucomp1ede-lai~""MoolpWffll-ro,,.oci,,,n-~jCnr,ivo
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c1on·-~ ll ç.,.,.._.li.,._.._.,..,....,p!Maoal~deili USA,WoodrowWibc>ol, a11·.,,.,..c1amo11i(andocinll.ll1.11)mt1"1C1.-rilonuln...._.alpopo1odcJ)iSbli Uaib e al "-ÌMÌmu mi11i,tro 6-:eK Uon ~ "apllH)lo del ,-:ifì,m,, t pr-*'tedtli.Sociellldtllo~.., • .,.,..,....a..-t,a,,çhotlnnello -'<:oklLIOnn Logia N.,..,..... h:""' dnconi di Conw111. Pdp. Hetltnda, Aubt,,n, T,aitt,,, Sll'Mffl>, V"maiu, Mili1':htvicll,Urboin.Durrtc~)crnn-cmain""'Cadtt.nel t.,;ronn
l'ap!i.-1e,,_;on;-dlll~,v~llff-Ìipaòoc~. No,,1li
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IA .-ipnr,u.,..../JdCUOWo".ualtftp,nouliilolia,,/ U.16luslioMIICorricttd"lulil'"'' apri ilfuoc<>(Olllr(> Mi1 aabolau:Ìlldtlrlralilw perpm-MOll'wigidaJGOI iflCOIDbwftlconl~ ,,_,.,;aw,l"°luocb,I
...,...i,- pwisiDo1"cmpo", roruoda111o-a IDMbme ..rc.nn.,oug1, , _
,,"1"J'Vlldla-- lnaceK. L'indonm"II Cornm:d'lu11i11-illcallò:"Llleg,,osnf\catden "E.....-pod,dlicaNdA).duquc,c't: Niaa.......,_duro il ' ri11>n11' 11ILIFruciadell'Alou...Lomia.lllibfflàdellal'olon..,r,ndipc,,cknzadellaRoa,,11..II <QIQIIQl1 t 1roppod,ian,; Rdtio.Annmia, IWcUI, ~... Albu... T........ T,_.,, "<11>«,oa...- .... pc,~riJlu.udalc:...-,hienllZDW,lidell'lmprm.........,.., ,lpiet,ciloldovrid«IOCfct,.que11-,Mli lc: onollc:(IUM>Ooli. ComodoclMn..,.iico.t
pk,bi,ci..,"; ,.f.iotti . . - i - * , ·alto pc, LI np,N111:10M dc-llc:--= mlllil111CVC oonlc9e 1al'lta.liaclaf'i111nJ....,...,ia._perl'Alsaria--LotfflarootSidenu~lr,.._, bfflcW popolllla-"" do lcdmchi. Alla luce delb Albnntinarlolwdei oonfuli • pk,hilci1o>.w'a....,.,~odidcomaxlanicfll:<*a i --i""'IJ'elMÌ•hri.,1111CndcMcro pn-rmni110": la.,.."prtMIIC1a"di TmMOoladilpl11viale11IBrnano.~ 1'11'1CNS"""'ioa l111iadelTll'lliommdionalc:~dl....-,foni7Uooncl......,dc-l
l 'onan-riluha•----ianeoo,-i,n,-.ron&liohicttividella~ p;olrionoça" p,od,çllllandledllGOl...,dall' - 191•c,;o,1....,io liÌlnlftt&ltll.-.rilll<l~nillO"tfflOiw"""e 1·t•-•,:,ompc,,t0dell'ncn'CIIIO"'p,en11. A voha 1-1<1,:a Naz.<aalc:", quo111di11110ddl'~ NIIZIOlllllc: lla l ~ d1Htlt~all-kb,demo,;nliça",o,pn,o ufficimodelOOl edftno da(iiao Handinl, _.,...<W'IIOl'e,didtiarittla~r.:nutadaF.,.,...ed&N..,_.l>i....,.., mgionloildibe1u1nulldillOIIO.. l'cr ~ lapolcgica.ilperiodioodei-iislididò
,·,-~· . ~;,.........,..,"""°"-•hrisi.l'oitW ......... dlc .. Conve-o Nadmi li
cni pram1111n
ia di~iu di"""""' della Bripia TOffl0, 1-ida Narionllc:"
~ ........... -..1·...,;fonncdi1111aen:i10~"poa.,aao"GMftponMllinpo,
..,........,.~di-ocn,aocopipo,nn,et11e<lrlc:cnlm"". 117kclioF.,..;rqt1mrid!;.........,1·-..,ion,:MllpuM1concl1t1M111rldocumctllo -.-icwt'l'WC11~....... ~nmctna1idirirompola.D1111 .......... cntcn,a l:anu11iapolllic,a,(Gft \ihc,o"""""'*',lc...,..ÌC' didib_.....,.,dipacofin npaMilllv,:,~.,.. pomle..._,..,.~dall'~;dt,>bbi..,1lapo,U111etrftll...
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dcllenooiuz;..,delrons,a1<1p11n&1110i•o,dincalla~de,conlint.pcr("ht a11elle ,I futwo Scalojupla•oa,.td!MpoMo n ~ • propno - . ; o . e . . . , ""'Hiori liMllicbmo:fici.l,li-...cmaì-~ ' .bo~N#WtM.c l'o,-,k»vd•W ln,manicolo-lir-, Mll Popolod'h•h•M.dirctlo dalknòtoMl,D)(ini.oai;n-ò clll!,-.011.....,noddl.AIIQ;e.Lo,n,oe,sd,wopor 1..ni."'pc!rlelaftitaliane.uw«c, divcni.,...,,propamm, aoa'OIP!dedr,J*UUCIIOll_,,mriatot~Pfflt'Hl'MUftktaJe df:I IJO--.>M. ciot Londr,, il 2fi IIJ'file 1•11, dall'~Nlklft d'twìa <'""11Clmo lmpmlli ...o·.im. paN - . . , ; - , a,uatillca,;ffi dclla«>oldooa<koinllllOIIÌ111l1111, -(al"an&i)aMo~1..:M iO<kpu1t.vi.ccibpmncn."11 bo IKCdlaZtOM di,., f1N11'UWN .,..,__ ... p,.n, dc'"'&Mi lbtian, a>'ff.tffll •vull> i-ion,,clipnenwto cdi........,.._, 11,...._M....,.,..•wnlonodclOOI r..,. riaffionn: la •oa: clN: il ( ' - , d o ~ di ~·rucia ncuc laoamcn1e ~...nzaao la ..ucit.ldcl JIOffllllem....olonianocchcon-i-ldo1lr,...,-. L' l lwslioil.........,,-1toGaelallOSalv«mnia....mlll..-caM~ia,.,.lfflo!n •<i11Hq1p<PrumliniilOOS1qOOdclquoridiano........,.,nianoalGOl:,dlai~clle i1
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Popolod' J1,0lil,tonfct10d•in,pcrialilmo.Cliik> m.11icstla,,,_,.,..,.clamawKlflenl ~qo,ellacbe i: .... cotle......, di,:,<tu>l,CMoi tbooMlo1w,i....lao.JniAril......,oapne q....tffll:fataR.clllf.no1Pvi~ lalialncloeNlli_,., Mnun: i pontali iuliano allefftll,.., ;- ·-
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lfflfflli"'. Mllla huc di cdi di.i
foglid.Olln.lpèc di dithiaranonidi.atidig,l;i.i.....,_,c:;, f ,:nwjl(tWoinvanodi-daJ frltcllid'Oltralpe-m1iliadel wrblleddC.....,_, .,....,........,chc1adclepnonc italiana-1,"C"1condivi10bauboRliauionc1plctncilodriconlìnifulllri. L>innanJ:iallc pnme•vvitagliedcllapolmotca,dll.Mdra,.....,rnin,·tlRlllll11ioGitttepre,Emc,ao Nathaol1•c..ari<vr<.lato1 Fe,rwiçl,e--,d,.illll'PfflCIIWlliudìani(ciutC11li...._,N<lAl dichianchcnon a'1rllhc~ll,-imiàdellaWlilaZKIIICdell'ordiacdel &iomo {l.chcyj1panod1c,qli111ir-dall...,,..n:la,..-drllalotoCQnuanodallafonn,,,la ~ ; lcronrlulioni~ì.orin.cobmporh.lllii~.fnftOdunqW
s w c ~ a ll'-,,r,ill.,... oonrikn'C.....iicoun r 111- difw.cpn:,c""'ion,. ndl.iUIIIOrio~chciJ.-cki la>'<lriMrrboofiroola1o.,..,...,lrillmlo c ,n:olodr>....coc:,dlelk~,.,,,._... ,,.....,. L.adckp;rio,I,, ilallNII non ptn.-epl in-...,c1oe.;,,.ncu di pronur,ciM,mt,<qli Sta1i Uni1id·Amcnca......,....,prutql>Nl,ll,dlel oonllilloc:on1ro&1i ln,pcri Ccnualt1111r...wu
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l"arpttVaiffl! il rrnr,rio ~ t lt pmpne pr,.,po1,1e; tullè brlhwme '"l"l"'; ma po,c,W ciii ..,-va,;va,. oumc 4.11 Tnbuna~ .-:n.., 1iuswnni1e una via,;....,..,... da Mn..tt, UN M>la; q.c:ll.a dllll'-io. BilOClllva ~ cd .....W.c:. L'AHR n......ii implòr.a. li.o
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loMcrocon,p,Ntiwrnel'-·-c1·....-~.llmpooU....,;,.runo. h dctlo che 1Yffllhno do,.-1111) rili..-.i dal 0:,nsr-, e r. bu Ml ii• famiK111 mauonia ,u,~..,.. F.....,..,do,plonti. Sillabillpoodi.we 1aawi"""'allanne,prunc,1Mni•ri,;om:,c 111mc1t.,..;peroo1Ctlet'lecl,odoqMlfll~rl111liaeoca<'<IINOPfOFM""I.,._.. ÌMUUDmlef'IIINlllll.oiaroaqucMOp,vcmc,Rmclli.àaw,, aliropiù....,.. ... ln visll dcll'adimana Fcrnri dq,oK il ..,pmnc, mq.licao: dccisit.e daQII Roma I~ lll&lio.llMffl....,,-ena;odelLaBIN,Jlia.inoùva11coa li KCCllffidi~in: alGOtdidifffldnsida-;,.;nuazwai,ingil1riccv~dl,-anll(':h1c""°"i•n.,...,;-, Fcrrari. pero. """c~iarl le nginni della lùl rondffla. ScnsR ,nfMti: o<Se, dopo Ollenllll
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ncl~momahollwadouadc:llaclNpzi<)M\Jli-.11i1Amiinlcresaina;riooalì')forx ~·nnnro11e f.-inlendcn:ct,,cl'Ord.,..a,ndivid..-araponNl,iLiUlsupmMncl.__, dc:l"-. ln1al....,,paò.iniiòlca,mponm1idclla«llllirionc.,....,._;va<>Dnlnrica ;niencmo,edillllOciarioni-.......:IM>dnti.c:"ncllt...,lllddl'-ivocinapril'm1ilill di quuui pi da 1m,p, ne d,ffida...,... Ledi1niuionidiFerrvifumn<i........._,ia1emcMn!ilmondopolit.....,.iitiaienift fibril1v--. AIIIC11Dm11i11111q11j.,_,"""-oelCfflCmclodnmmati<:kMoMa:itorio chi-il1VMi114-...io...,·iada...apariln,eawc.,.llt~iorp,,Ìlllllc• ~... ril..,. l71
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IMMAGINI E RAPPRESENTAZIONI DEL COMBATTENTE ITALIANO IN FRANCIA DURANTE LA GUERRA DI CAOORNA* HubertH~ O.llapnmovaaddl91SaJl'aN.......,dcl1917, duru,'"'1,i.....,...d, eaoom.-. , bncaoep,w.... r...,-.11ea11 .... -1mi<:,M, cane-.•11-lflOlo,Lue.
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dllWah,. delle ln"R"' ••ilìarie ,uhane (TAi~)" ,1 Il Co,p,,f.....,.,111 ,n F.....,ia ndlllpriml,vcrackl 1918. c.,.1c1a-..,,.,.,mw111n<1rlltAlpi tokb,ri dri duspo,aicomNn""""',...........,· Cl~clwn~Hnalpi,u l'ranea, ,idi>ti......,po.-n:Nl"'l MonllO Tomba ... u·a1 ... DJnu <Xl ~IIVC ...1 dionnln 1917 e fruceoe .leanC~rGnman1 • .........i...ie<1rllt fortt ~ " ' lu.lia. JM11Ccipò.olla,·inmill di Vm,;no Vcnc10. o.I °'*'JU0. il Il Curp;,J'umau iu.hano11 fece do<i....,., a khsny \'ICUIO Re,ma dal IS al 17 kiit.., 1918. pnnJII d, comribu,rc •Ila"°"""""" dl! llo Ctac,min dca Lllmi:s on
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ouolncahbenreboc,Ui,diRocRM,nnowanbno. 0.que,lfflOffle111o.mn:aic,lalian11-1 ,._,,.,;1,..._,;.,..,...-,.<:rnllÌ"1ttorioM.Tunll_..ipttliudizici-,,en,francni,.,.,MIOll)I.II-. la dl"cai 0..0.ZC,Ckrnnotnu rm/>conYinlo. fiooalla bMlqli.a di V,norioVffino.rl1Ctl11<""""ltArmaado~-"*-•1Ueean:I Cwil. 11el l'll~. i fiancni 11ecobcroc.............,.1~ iialia.,"""" 1nm.....,vi •lle111i.
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ALLEATO FEDIFRAGO, POVERO CRISTO*. I SOLDATI ITALIANI NELLA MEMORIA UNGHERESE DELLA GRANDE GUERRA.
Gianlua, Volpi l«Tlti -;,,1" _,,.; _ , Nello _,... dtlk ..,w,om ira Italia e unpna 1i p,nc,,11 1m,ai'" Il ques1ione, dibom,11amoirakn,deLrlmÌ<iliaiialo-~.d1eicw"'-'id<lla , , _ ; , , ~ ~511lfWlidiKamhie,;,onoonicico11ltwali,-•ll1pnn·1ncH'Nddlo1viluppo dei-inwmina:òomlidainltttgjmmuniclaDlifi<wadallalonaconnol'imprrodqli ~ . Sernplifico1""'"""".t,;uwiam,,:nw:q,,,nc,inll:n:A,i,;:crnllfti,o,,,tadoli..no l'in,pn:,pi1t,IOlahndi........,_li,dal l 848alllti6.anoMoelllorovallltanoa.ecrilica nchoederdlbe1Mtd~pii,lrtioolalo,a,nlcta111elcclc _ _ . diMillrio!oi. Pff
tnt<f'onnarc l'1mict:,i1ol'in1miciriatnlcurioniinc11q<1n111wt,pn-latl''ada,n,l..,..,1ll1 SIOrildelltn-laziootilfllem&LIOftllicin....,.,...le1ll111ori1cuhu,.1c,nor......,diqucll1italo~ si-.ohhligati da ...,·111cnu analisi ddlc ma>:ioni ÌnlCfalrK In lcdue cultun:,
rinu...,...JoaJl''"""'C••,..,,..t•va.p,ù~~"""""-dillftl<Dlliautiv•anuciLia c-diinlrn'ssi n;~dntil,i..,.,in~-llraluidcll'ahen>uo. dif-,dii..:a,,troc1100n1rv. l•QUC.t'ouiail,,l'l,.,..ptm1MOlldòalc~lar-di IIOOnlrop,il'-'-,dec•l".. dclfi,,rllfOdienlnmb<:lt ..rioni. l,.c,nritinidiqwllaviolmb
crfflfllppOOizioncritall<""'moho pi1iindictroncllcm!),Jrn,p('II01n·~M-rirn-~ della dichÌln7.l<llledi pm, ilah•11 llll'A1111 ...... u 1 ~ 1. il 24 maggio 1,1s. l,.c, 1,. ,; della nuo.-.iflin,;c,,;1cpo,della1..,.,.,,~*"11n,nop,>Mt"dlolla1McU11mfonnaàont C011111lriMalc ddl'impc,ro d'Austna, allon:hof di,·mnc i. Dlipl,n, Monlrth'" :lll~lfO. ,..pnc,.,,,,,._,1i .o.udidol t8(,7(A~o\it~).unpal,iliuio-nhbliplo che IA!ifonMJli unJhcrai da ...W11i ,,..-rial- ,:,,,,di~' e
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,kl VII Corpo•. ~ron1t<1l1pn,prilro11Cimachc boe l'..n,roma.,,opnalk-.: lapr-.-drll"av_._,.;i..,lle...-rnippe~ : OU1itnplicilo""°"'*'mtlll!O*I fanocll!1liillliania, _ _,_,.11ca,n1,:,,1;""-'riddC:anodillobmlò,ubblipndoli all"inc,,o,ab,lc....,,.,_cll!avr.-bbemov.,,,OplilorollOCflfic1<1p,:rl-ilfronto.
e,_........, La-.s-pa,,<dollefoMi-,riallil><,l,e~re,:lant .... lJ'"iodotralc.1 - . q)lJCll di par,dl: l"crv0l"t MYOC.lti..,, JIIIIL, con ri,ipmu dd tokloolct italiano e dc,l l\'IÌOCKl'l'ÌIO.ron,pll!Ìhihnmloronlo-iLl.di-all' ~n..:-put,t,lica"'""°""le 1ffama1a di,__ la lrmp'II nwnlc e la !llloko1 dri ...i<wi un.,,_,.; m '*"'&N. k;~chc 1h,111i1•i--11pCt1Uu...-i11Cft11'.RlffPÌnlÌncleonodc,ik,m 11U<Xh•1"*"•k<'l.,..<ialc"llirntftlop,:r l'Oll"lliortr;1<ldi..,,.llaxi<lnetronftll:I. Eppi,n,il f1110-.ehr 1l,ital...,jfi...v11ati...-iiai1-11l"offenaincehcilf......, dcik1N ellllflOni filMeS1MG 1 - e ~1opan.,,va unplic1""""'*della-•di Yn 1 v v ~ dw a,_ p,a•I.._ ri..........., i pmpi ,f...:i....,,, dcflct1m:, il CM Ji c"'kpOOfll ' (lfli,,ionefunda11d1GiurJioRocllal101IIIIOMlorwllc11enU11bellicacpun1""lc " ~ .,romp,hJIIK11l'llideit<Jldoitic<q.liufficialillkl l\'pl-.tiloclunu'llela J'rima111Cm1mondialc". La•·-dr;l1am,i,uu.,..,cdq:li1N1J!h,:l'wP"1"t11ientido.1U11r lcCUNrll!Wdd rcpo d"Ull@httu,dw1VffllnovlMUIO b 10ncea 9UI fronlC 1b111MW), Al'J'U" mcnoinlltim,..,claleo!V di ..........,,,Ll,ra,1.1alc. c111!unlcc"',pn11unomiliwr, llll:lllR:
p,'CVtiC l'iclcnli~llktli ilalianò nd rwlocli vittime NICrifl,;al,, ~ ,,..111, fumi,(., di un,,aucmmkid,ale 11 ,-ti llki propricommililOni. s..quesio11,;,-,,;,,1; """""""" t I";. ra:mn llnlffllamcntid..-111 nccta. miranti I nooow,re b pslCCip&,i<a< ~ Il cenllinond-cliupiiivas1<1<hmmaeun,peo.,...1qu11eil1n1Cim....,1ro,oofn i.. liani c unpmsioa:ur-11.,,...._di..,.UIGril"""'
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LTIAUA E L1NTESA 1915-1917: NUOVE ALLEANZE, VECCHIA DIPLOMAZIA Luca Riccarcli
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Ndl'i.......Clonleùru,'°"'conlinuòild1bMu10in1M11ocnmollo80CflLS.-ino contlflUila-coainaiNucuwi-.:llblahontidollaa:-cha.F,&lia.d!hcarri.-andv a <hcmntt pnn alla Ocnaamr'. La piem, con la Twd.;,., ~ lui, rilcrnvacpericol..,,.. ln'l"CÌ1....,1ac........,r11ogenodipttllionimollot"on,dopancdei..rollfllu ddrt-. Al.........,.,,.._.. dnuo d"' il -,,en.... vaw r111111 ...,,.._ le diplomaneallalt". A&liarlMKium Roode Bwrérc, d1c1~ ~al*bR,di11e ehc,1prar;i,,cknl4alla-pmoukopinione1'f1.._.,,okall'1~laddlilnwoned, JUKnalla'l'wdNae.....,.11la(knnanib,Cff--,il)~«-:oddle.,.._,., ddl"op,-put,t,IIQ»". ln-~milura.llPOIUdo,pcflomfflo11ffiaal-. la l;.e di~f'OVffri6tiuon.panedrllarespona1bol~"'Jle"1IIMdlc,,~ditsli•llcatl·
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seow,ddladìdi· = · -dilllèffll•llaTi,r,:h,.cloopin,eapremm:..,..dipiùpcrin, 1trfflGcoordlnamcn1Udolkp,MM'igitaJiMMcon'1""lledoi,lialtrimembriòoll' lnlaL l.ealire~""•tawe•ooncq,ilc daS.-i ... pcrrwlnòci..-n..,1ialpalleaiebbffo,.. -iamn.1<>diveno.La~dcll'......._ilal .... .U ' lnlcM••rcbbc~ dim>ll1CallleffllCO,il ........ m,rranodcll'llalia•D011...,.....,, ... dalini da&li alleali pcr 1111111 la dunla òol aml'Jino. Tale .i..:i1ionc. fi.., • 'l""i rnomen10. m1flala-.llC'pdadalpcraod1Roma.°"'"*>_&1....,.IO•vev•rao
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lali11&azioecòoll'haliandl'lalela • incatacOM:Un>t". O-SW,lffll"""""'ICnlbn•1 IOfWMhlllOdommu<l!leopin-idi~Jl ...."CfflOFUNOClpftlKaddiritnn pan,n,awnrio alla ,-rtuipa,jon,edel ~ 1111.-)•1 JlfOIC!la"'C,..,sliodi I"'""" inlen.llcalopmp:,M01ll'iaitiodi:lnovnnbn: l'JI SdaA,quillleHnand''. AlalfinoSonnftl volle abhtt,iMI: i lmlpi dolla pubbl~ deJli ompew,i illliani. Sena, al re Vill<>rio 1;,.....,..1,:u1.;11 s-eno1in: 1,1s ·
Ao,clle lkuoli • •_... del F_,,p OfJitt no, COllffl!flllJ d d l ' ~ lmpcnaliocmbn,-.nole5timonian: .... ,'fflol_,~,...• ,crwil..,..,..,..,..diRoma: q,_.,, IIIOflOlllntl:\,reycontu1ua••din:cbt, pcrlondn.gliitalilni~ofw//allea1i••. La dccnionc di pubbliaff radeoxint dcll'halia a n - . il JO ...,.fflffl i , i , , fu p,e,ctUL1dimQucdaSonni110C<lffle1M1'11hcriottprondellaan:onliacmlCNC1n 1 li ohimivi di JIICffll detl'halia e qucrn de&J• allealo. Il lollicvo bri...,ico f,, fi,..IO nelle puolccM1'~• R.-. Rodd. rivohl:•1 -,mnlimo: n ... ,.. pn!Rlllin: oolofi110alla1Dddi1fanonedelk•- aopi..rioDi...,iomli•. ma -,bcfu,uallareali=·-di"'l"Cllecondirloniie-ii•"cMcn110pmicinlq.rantodcl prosnmmadtl!' I, _ , S<.nifflO.C0111'~diSalandn....tlecol~11empidiq-M10con lariapenundcllaCamcna.prnilllpcrill" dÌc:nltR". lnqucllallCdo, dol")"""I~ ~pcrilC.....,gliodei miaimi,••·rebbo:dMol'-~ · dclr1...........,accordo. In qur11·--.00IIIJWwnmle alla - indok, lo_,. . livon,ac cmcaac ~ alla f1'\0rica. l '_,,..,io della •p,,111,licac .....,__,.,...di oolidontù ai11a11e Ha ,ti1lleali•filaccompapa11do . . cituionedaollaeachc,pa'lui,..,.......-làldiolo
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l..alenl•Ufll!DcnqudLlri1...,1aruc1'111ili7.,:o.tilrlq'lp<i\aolÌMlo:...illolc.Mi.S.. 'l"C"'° LI lir,cadi SonnÌIIO IÌl lfflljnm..JIIUdiian. 1'..... ,;love,/astrY1ttad«an>m<ltbod1n'• il&1udinodq.liallcau.......,l'halia; m11-po1t,.. e,1.Mt11dii,eiun10da1Lld,.....,di~ p,Up,opiammlellalional,. Paqiaioil mini,a,o""'IÒil •"OlllribulodiftttolllLl,pcd,_ che i lnnal-1111lelo ~~a Salon~. Smnino • ...,..,,.._ l'IIIP"W disxmodi c......._ rnilldle•II• P'OIIXUi•• cli ... impepo mih1an:chc Attbbc poeuto diVflllirc pn,,graMvamcNe lffllll"' pili impqnabvo"'. -.M....,_, i......,,..,. tcn•t'VII ~ m1•NmdelloColoaie,Manini. AJliallnbfiachiamcho,l.,._ita)qm_Ji..dlk ,._a1i. ... JIO'iri<MIÌ.Pn11.lcrapllle~PfV'Ò•-.C-Vllri,nt,i,. li l 20ft<ffl 191 5 ~ d o c l o ~ ital~contribu~•-~lZiune-111Ait.iia. L"a;.,;io,,e :;:~:'*>l'ubic11ivvdi-loiror,.,,:1,t;K11,;.ini:,wl momm1oinpa.k S..-inolio1~fn<nYOll,.AS,alandndi-chc-~lùlo JÌIMlincabilc~..ccpti-•ILlrid,,csa,.•lbiac.MnqualdlcKttnnO.-riuco
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contl,ao. Anche ,qli ..., r- bellìpnnti la si~......,_,. """'vani". l'n cii:idlio ~ ilr'ffl'O ,ulillno.l primi lei mesidoell 'ltUO> ~ , . . periodo di «1111inuo ~ , k l l l " " " lluc pari.me-ce. 101nm,11o. d d - - " - ""'' P- . A Salmlh manca.--., w,ù. ma qudl·approvmonc pmh,da di nii il do,I
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diq,,euoo,pniMnO'° l•ralu i1 1m1Mirodillrianda, e1o11nehcl'obidu.odoc.ntincpo,l ....,...dimodmkpd11>Cllcdeomembripnl-. Lacluvcdivollado:llc~iddt"lla!iaax,iPanidoU't111nacn,_,...~ dal1'111WD<io n la ,r1MaUdidaianzionedi pena•lla Oem-iae lada:.ionea,.io. fi-anoeac di 11p1n11si1I M<!d.,OrinieOlllOfNIIIO l.a •""""" P"liricu do ffnNd-ne1o,
m•-Ll-.w,de,riq,n,\,cndqlialleau• f....,..,Rpwtll;alatt•alllpolilicaiuliana. Ormai11n1,pdtllaK"nUIIWVff911LIGerrnaaia"'- d"·.-ti111111pnonlll•. (il, Kconli S)·li.n.P'icol citi ffllUÒO 1916 ,.,,,_ Jlipulali Mt10 cboi il 1<.>'emu ilaliarlu r-.arw:llcaol-llWplllln,,:nle<:Oinvollo'".EMl riibemklOpMl....,_itic•• la dipk,manailal.-111,,...,a.....,...,·m--per~a~allaiti•rivclatt il-nulo)dtlkiinlC:M"aul dcstinodtll'i,npao - 1 n n i o i i e l'-pm:,cdm11:. L' 1 - - llal-""1Fri1C"...,..do~1niea,a.luea-fflli .......... clif.,.
pr,::k°*1R,-dw•PlllliCre:Mi1WianiadQrÌftMl::nano.-..,..tili.;dws)iaUnti.vrrilhm>__,l.lllll,.1__,1tUOYO.....wdolw:hi.,.._,_reaolanZZ*lla ,ronm>lllidtllaGennania.... Ladio:hoaraame di Orry. pa miliwmmlcpiii difficile pa l"llalia. L'-.tilo -'<iko. infalti, il 15 ffll&IÌO. " " ' ' llli7.ialo uo,"ofl'-.iva in Trmli,io • Lloot.idtlma Strr,/a(wJiutlfl - dw-ebbe dunu per"" '""""e Hn:bbc:meMO io, pui difficoldilaiaiamailaliana. l l - ni10,pur"""ragi. . . . . . piobienivicho:11m1 pmluari,l'oodipm.,1n1nc pn,(ondarnmle.erimanm, nelkh....,i11l;-oa La I 11:0ffll fil mollo acplÌVL S.'-h, paG, ritmnl Chc ffll poNibilc IOddidìn:lcnducsletksJ1allNl:ÌMCt.1c1111&dtlLl-..- ...liun:. lnoluelcdl,o
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pubblkll~.d'"'..:"se..._.n,,odichl.onillolall'l'lf"l .ila0emw,oa,....,_&, meu•ll•lilc~001ck l°olklalin_.,.,;,,i.~*'-•110di folli•• " · Alldlc Souono nlffllml doe il ~ di Qq- - •n:ucfnJ•: ru vo1c:va-i-~ill~d~flnchf1lillbli.~U110inui. _ __ doto H...,,.. di lanp)ik 11ohdlricU lll'l111lia dald., •ila 1 •'olrntaMI ito Glli1ia dir ~ 1h - . :, Id 1llmlan la pmaionc IUl ~ ilahano'". L'offcuiva ...uillca irn,mp,n "'.,... Àluari0nc politico-milli..n: d1r si tr:1 film •lq11•1110 diffidi&. Tr1 1c: - pnme •lllomo ,i fu il pbincl1o Salandn. La.,. uioi 11 rmni~ olla napmun della c....._ i• Jak di di!iCUtione bilanci'". l ~ d c l r111aWM.....,rimprov.......,aS,alandndi-1,adichion10 ""'"'"ll l ~ d i - ............111 ..... c,:,,np1c:1a;.,--s1;,lluri, di1,-er bm1laloccomri,nmiocritoll-.na•1wmw"'.
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della
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LA POLITlCA ESTERA DI SIDNEY SONNINO E I FINI DI GUERRA DELLTIALIA (1915-1917). AlalNE RIFLESSIONI
Luciano Monzall Ob,eDJ\'Gd1q.-10ld!OiS~·~pcr,on.i1i ~ i ... du,e~iaJ
cn,1n, dcllopohtd<11m1il.tli.,..d.ao1ell prillllpomomondilole: perché l'lu.lilmtTÒ ,11,uerr11t cht«i0 vok.•<>llfflm da ~ro,,flia,:,, Ntl.. nowa-ltsi, purccff:Mdo di1Ct1m:mn1Gdtf:li~lidt:Uaclm.totdiril(>'leilaliana~JW~(1"C!UC1
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n p,u,doaoc"""'...,__lndizionclloriopaficachcrialc1ilo làodi111I P.aodiLon.h diMarioT-,-el'wtlQ~lli'.Nchelll!Olml•"INlal.,..., ddl' ............ italiano nella«llidd<naGnwlde,-nili...,.,..,.dalal~...Jisic-ic ;,,......,.-oiinnr1,il f-chrlldid,;,nao.dìpmaallc~ccn1r1~ f'u-1«111-toffm.1 ediifl'lcile.,...m"-loetlnticandllPfOIIIC'l!Vldtlllllllria<k&liU'RmaÌddloS... ....,ionakalianoe"'""'*'-landirioncdtlla-polil11:aD1aa;fu..,;Men'ffllO bfllK:O. poi. iR - J!tttOll pane alJIOtlO dalr-. ,wrevohmolt noppMidii '-za ..,.. ......... ~ m .... -i.cdtll1poli11Cae11endclloSIMONl>Midopnfflll tdel Rcpod' ltaliapoo ilcercwtdis11'1111,nlerivalilàeiconfh11ifl'alepldipooe,11'teuropet~~i pt,pi1mitori. LoSmonari<.alcÌ11!illno1m-dadccimnidiriu>'ff<quelliclwnlfflllli dlii politici. dlii diplomalici t ~ m,11..,., libcnlì Ml..,, dlie ...,,..;,,,, problftn1 che ..,,...,v...., Il ~baù e rindipeniena, dd ltepo: il rauiun&imm11>dì contini polit11:i ctoe pnmllNffl> La·mili~ dtl lo si- e , ......,..., all' halÌII del la moaior pane *&li ilaliaoid.Auotnll. h,'f"C"ll~",.l'""'""'ct'IIOinpcrnnel l'l15fullripelirione di1N1modutDJICf'lndidtf10SllllonlianudM:llenpi,·erilicalonel ll'l66c11CI 187(f'. VINoo IOll<>li_, po, , hmih doelb libad d'anone ,iah.... e , .,.,....,__, 1lllt:nlllrional,~1qual1en"""""'*" Laaunn'"""""°"m~lafnilililàm1Litan: cpopohbfllcklloS&.io ,tal-.11 ... <11p,,,111c,1za-11:adllll 'cs1m>.-WII ... dcholn,o,pol•ìcr,,tllerna' o;r...-.ii.-~....,,,;,...·111 1'......,.. t ddl1Gnn Bmagnl nel M~11anne<1 l' llllUI en ondifaa mili.....,._. V, cnp:,, la"""' dipmdm.,a .,....,,ca e cMWnffCoaie •1 _,., P..,., dalll Onn Hn!ttpl. fonucon, di
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macericprimoca,rt,,_.,do~,;t,,,.,.mn,IÒdop.,lo~doellapmanimpc1t ll....,_,mcck!Jc...,.,.._,-.._cuhurpd,cveno,l,nm;a&o uahano.Ndconodci mcsichr-m.ir-•1 1414 .. prim, rncsidd 1915.,awa•·Oll ~ M i
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dirirrnti ,laliaii. in l*\l(ollrt nel Re. ntl praiclc:nW- dtl Conti1lio e nel "IIO>'O minillro dea), t:llerl Sonno.., dl:li. pmoolol,d ddi. ~ dotl"l\.llia. SlalO """U'alc e i"....._~ d i 1.......,un1e iMbn,no,o ~ : bmalmfflrit mrmbro di ""'allcana,qycllacoaVomMcOcrli.o,chcpolit,a,mcntc-c,i-pi,\.mavisln«111 Cfff<fflM:-.,etlOdlllepolmn:ditlllTriplicch1-.dlcui , i e n ~ p i i d ~ i «onoffllCamelllCCJUl p,,anoddla· -•. Un1 wolUo <:k Il pm:q!i l"lfflflOISIÒlld do Uft'l<UM pK•fica «lii V,e,,,.. ...111,.,._........,di:i.,_,,,......che..._,...., • ...-.:èbo, ......... ~ ..... <knn:a,ftmilÒW'f fraiw;:c,.hritMftoca -actldo • rq,cn&q.lìo dello SWo, le opzion, poait,;~p,:rillfO'·emo~di--hmillle.ln•-doforle inttllbilili,n1c:n11ocdi imicun,;ua~iep;,,.pcripr,cmmu ,1111ionikdQ:ieoonidclbop,cm, conuo l"A....,,,.,ditlla,-di .... -.a11eann,,...111,.,..,11,Gran~bo~nncoa e laR-ia. f--..kkd1ep,ùr..:1'i ciop,he..,.pòono ........òcocpolilocn. l.',n1N'Vmto1 llancuditllaTriplialn-..miberottoil - . : i o l c ~ l k l 1 '111ol..,;ftlCft1lodola ,n 11r1& n-,.alltaau polifioo.a,ilnan'.-itwandoanclw, _...rifon,immlialimmtsi ccwoomoc,adunP11CKpmodinsonc'.Sulp,,a,,omlallO l'in1CrVa110in1..nno1>'fdlbt ,.lfuru10cricomp,Uàolcl<lrzedipemo lil>aal1 nlf)rl$u1invlb lO(oallll1Cfanol1C1 e nbonaalo ,J pra111111 alb Monudloa c o m e • - ,_acntMÌ"" ori valori
...,,""lffll la..,.,...~·=
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t..mpocll1oouvo1eM_._1·1uo1oadalr,_ . . . ,..__ qualif.,._.,illllli finidipcm,,bp,am,rllllriDCraa:IMCIO_,ien,~aplÌCÌlilncl r-di l,:,nJn dtll"aprile 1915 e nelle,..., dìch,.,_,, puhhliche del p·enoa,ui ,11liani d.....,.. b
LUClANO MONZALI
lutffL Cllll<ffllnlldnc lùlla proopdli"" puliuai di Stdncy Sonnino' e dcUa diplon,ana illliMa. p,,,uiam,o • l f ~ che l'lial• libmilc nlro ...ii. pnmo .....,. mond•lc per ljll,IIIN>r.poa,~i: llf'ff libmrn:"i "-tfi<IJllllaoÌdallolllwlicro~.Jliitalian1 d'A......._ 21 l'ff "la-1.1.11dtlla "'*"' Ìlld1pe,,dc,w,",onm,pcr ~ r o nfin, pol1rici cM f_.,,;,il p;., poMibtlceorntp;,ndenricno, ioo.iddeniwnti.. -...ionli" dclla l'ffloola, e per auicllnini ndl'Adrioolitv le wadwoa, ~ 1ll'e1islnlz:a dello SIHl ...,._,.. callli-ltJ:,llima~na: ilcl,c:tignilla,-. l'IC'f'lilirionc dcll'c,...._..,nitm,,c nello llpRioadrialioo". )) P"'la-*"'*&~"*"'-ilalìaa,nclMcd11erTmc10""l 1m10dcl...,.1a11mm1<> dcll 'equi1ibriodi~inlale..-zio...,;ara..,,... 4) 1 ' e r ~ l'cquilibrion"'J'f0. Q\oesb qulll!rO obieaM IVCVJll10 ... divasoon!,nc d'impomlll'll. Al llne di lqirri!Uft b, l""'ff. pÌll!lostO irnpop,we ncllli p,polazia,t ilaliana", l a ~ in1ttna e la """""11<11Slllklpulfflltempn,altmlrodellcmooVIZKIOl1delJ'in1"""""6bc:lhcoil1en11
ri""'Jimerilalcdcllal il>muioncdqlii11tiuuopptn"1i. ~ d i u n i n i a l l a ~ I N. In ,calli l'obidlM) principale dcll'in1m1m10 in Jll'"fTII cn que llo dtlll nena, della , inawrza...;lttaftc_..,;ca...,.""'1iova- ............ riopet,o•ll ' idmlidina,1001lcc 1llamde,oloolàddlcpOJIOW".K:111id•cabiuov....,,1mii.,ridcsidcnuidoll ' halia. Semowlo S,Jnoy S.-n,, """ s - - qudlo italiano, i,nn,,:no ""' M o , d ~ e c ~ d r , 1oandi l"nlm,;e m,1;,.; ... pu1en raa:iu.,..,.., la peni 1ndip,:ncl,mn
m.
oo1o..,.....ocao1oCOMn1pol1UCichechi!MXSlefOle~"p<,rlc,,li._" .,,1,.,.._,
WlnlffC. ll d,e1ipfficllv11cq,111oirecontini•lpiniv~miliurnw:,nicd"' •llonlanasaerol'AIIWÌldalllil'ianunipodMl..lal*'le:puòri«•cpn)!lpCl'ld'h•lio.ccrnre un_.1<1dril'Adri1ucoche.,..,__p,e,·•lennmil,....,.ilal,.naiaqud-: dlqui la richiaiadcl cuacrollodd AlloAdis<,dì .,.ried,dla Dolma:eio cdidl ' Albuill<cnlnlc. l'cr fl&IN"acn: iali fini. oa:ondoi ~ ; italiani, cn &iuuoanche v,nbni il pnncip,udo nanonalili1ncludcndopopolazioni1ILotm,r.,...kq:nod. h1Jia,fot!lmJl((lc,id,i dclTimln. cru11i. llo>flli.. ocrbi e albaoai ddl'Adri,,t,oo llflCIÙic, Quaia ~•-dql1""""'"1-Ì do....., Slalo>cn all'epoc•ampi.a,,-dilfuNo tn 1uuaEuropa. [fonrvll't'd!bo:lapor,odi ri<onl.~chc11111' "11Ìl 'n1flam d1con6ni aicllri~ fon,.,J~m,~-t .... cl,,.'ffl(ftM)fondo""'BUlcflC"lli~aaci.libeftàdo""popok) c diunoSbfo. Lcri~ffllllCln<Wli iwianrcnnoMd,clle"'"""'"".. dct cano...,;l"T""1cno, Jcl9i$11:madcllc ttla>:..,.i in~ic..rupc,:cmondial1.dominaiodalla p0liticodi poi,m.,acdajilotmp,,ru.J-. fo..,11le 111...,...~lewrnpei1ti~oec~ dofoniri,-.liùoin1rn1111,..i; 1·.-u,.,.unapo1i.do,.., disicutt,;,;aclUpen<lnùomiliwca,
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dclao-di Roma,apa1e~c~adkricllia&c........-aH·A.....,._ Unp,ria nri no,pmaà !Jibwnli f,a 1·-..... 1914 e la priml....a 1913: ,I Tlffllino. Il pu1e meridionale ddrAha Adì..,. il conti,.. a,11'1-..n. Tnet.11: e,.,. J*V dcll'htria. 1lcunell(Jledcllal)lil-...a......._c,1tuoh1...taad.
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ra1mm1e otlffleft? v. ~ ..,1 c1.., 1e ricNc,ie lefrib'lali c:oo,icnuic: nc:J P1nodot.o.1nenno~rilul-• .... n~,..11a91(riailalilna.Vil'IWI011nt11 fNlimnli.n ~ dipk,maticl" ad _ _ ,polmc,llal1M1e1.,.af!riiada..annrenc:hleolaewni10n1li_,,,..J111ochc .oi 1\11,ari allmli, 1: ,.....,..,.. del...,..-, I_. M__,..di ......... laccnquiM:11 dd T....,oncrioliunalce clcl.btrilocl~omn la l'nmildw.-por1a101l1n111io
riconli della pem • 1 1866 e della -
d'allean,;adtlraprile 1 -. --all'tJ111C:1-dtlle-dcll'irnp<,uiNlilipt,'l'llalia d, rcah,nn,pi,mamcnlciprop,,,...n,larilonali: ill""allOìtaliaoo..coofioolMl)i AllllnaeiaC..-e1L-.mosto1oCOllrclload-=mtan,l'mlnpfflazion,ole!knle <kl pollll> d·,11eanza""" Il l'nmia.. a coo,chodm,.., anru•izto mn Vocm. e• rinunciatt
alb.picu,al,~Mp,opidi,q,,ò~i.~dellatola~ ,...,_,...,I M'l""Lomlwdo,.V-. SulllMMdiq,,e,w,~SIOrico.bcn~a
lulli ,pohliaiwian,cinpartioolaruSunni...,...,aSA!andr,,cal Rc.ilrichicdcrccOIICnCK 118iMiemood1"""'1"-lemiorialip1io......,...di.,..tlon1enU10ondi..,..,_i,;leev1t1lemo _..,..,.normalctaa,adipnnal,caalrinmodi1111i,qo,.iao.maardlcm'esiamn, pot;ua, p e r ~ loSwo •• c-.c,d, CIIIO - r.,ornokdella '""""' cdi cvollllÌOllc anuchcvolc dei nppon, con,_.,; alleali.~ moha no,I tnllllf> d 'allcMll:a.. alcontranodel lll66,awdihc,.ffor>".010~J<Wcnl0al--=onodclltcooocllllionc:dri p,cl,nunari e dd 1raiwodi .,..:e• ......,11:ndo.>atl·tw.. ~ - ncgo.i..1, pi;. foru; è quar11<>
LUCIANO MONZAI.I ~ S.,lamln,al miniotruddlo:Cnbiot, Fewiftando Martin,, 1otll'aprilo: 1915: ~È~
chicden:mohopcrf"*"'pol•""""'°"koN•«dm,,a-,flllUtO~.._.
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di,cniv•D>liodif&ilo:polilÌl:al!lallCfatc~c,.,.._, ltÌSJlffl<l•IL•ri(ffQdelll ..,.....,ua,de>cunfi.no _ . , d 1tm1idclLldibadd'eq111l1brioncl Mcd~crnncori,,,-.....-~nci o:nodellctn11..ri..,diopun.Unll •I l'M10d1Lon,,hdell91S.BMlaanalU'An:II IIC~C•l-clrH'KN1do p t t ~ ronto. PoicWl'l1alil••·.,...rnnpDllalOll .... p<>li•ocaeillefttuli.~~oon.k11atianac1111lbin,;cmolklbi1.inrun-pclM1tkAlpie1otll'AdriMi<;o.ipml,lemidcl Med~1IViriaoQnmlc,lequaib<1111•lncuo:~Rn11IK'<Mldandel~con 11,Triploce lllkM". Sunni.,c s.Laln,- icli1W:n,~imp;,Nlll.l: qYM001i pcr~d1e riVCfldica:ioni inAfiif;:ae nel Medit-,orienule••·rdlbcro«>mpl1a10 I nqo;c,aàca, ,..;SÌ e Londra, i1Pff110di R..,..rid,mrMioM...,...._ lo: nchiesle iu!iane. È1ndicacMlalnc-duLl..,_;dqJJ,ottorol1 IXcXlll ddl'anodìl.onch.()u,c~,ll'loooli nsulll,ono ~ ~ i e_..,.._,..,.... pw,1in! n ·ffllllali Wlllf'CNIÌ all'ltaJiainaaidimodifkad.:11o-usquolkll'lq,m,OIIOrrlanncdcl.,...,rincn1<:•fria""· V.romunqueJOlllol,.....ocheneldi,qp,delLlpolìuao-..-..~il chi"'6rn: ~1e fW""" di e..,.dlllln smo iuli-.111lleAJp,c-irAdriarico ...,~.,.,.,...,..., Jll,UO fondatncflCak r,« faN: dtll' lllolia .....,. l'oro,,an, roloniale, l'ektnmto di bue Nevi roffl\l..., i. dell' l,.,lil e pone le Ml, perlo,vil"Pl"'...,.,....;vod, UN funcinllum>:I iuoliana 1n111no~ McdilmaeO. l.adili:saclrll'eq,,d,brioneLMcd-,.,...,,'ffllllpan«~llalÌMYalll.,-i z:i<:,r,,i: dell'l fflf)'ffl OIIORWIO pm·isla dalla Tnplia IIIICU, ~ 1'aiFnno di e<:w>quiPC colonialiif1Africa•--d'~11Clbpolitic1"'51CfaiLlll-oolo•pan1n:dal 191&.Lcronqu,sae..,,k).l'nncc,s,cll....,.,...,,,dellem"-ledeoche1nAfricaeAlillM1 l'arorn:,;.- dell',..,niuncpul,l,li<a iwiano'' ,: fa::rroc:ompn,,,den: IN&ll""mrnl< ll,di--mondiaoledclronlli!lonoili.-cintot10. L''"'1'•·Qdcllo-doon.ardl,a 1ll'll'lll.'nl0d<'H'f.riopif,nelcor,odel 1<11S,del l~l6,l'mddlolimm1<>pol111roddl'lmpm, il d1JT00<1,,nidcllo ~ .. f,.R.,..... l....,..c r.n,, .al f.,. 1urn delL1Tun:h,._ ..,.,·entan>oH> il p ·..-d, ltomo. m a ~ _ . . . . , le f_,c., s ii 1pp,:11udiellocLl-d1riFffleilalÌatoa.Lc......,dlfficnhlimitilari ...lfo"""'ilal....,,UJ111,:
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dendocincndolalrOKUtOlaC-,lla'". La ri<hialllch..........,icanoocdi.....,,11a.cwnli 11~aUa~di-~dell'1QKOOfimlrodei1CmlOl1000fflafli che tinalmcn"' ....,_....., i dirìnì e alì ,_ , italiaol, il, quc:lk ,.....,;, AH',ni:uo del l'IO>'tmbn: l'lll>ilpemo d, lt-~-al•Alkali lcM!n~_...1m1,onahnd MedÌICffWICll)OOfflUlle.-111llarichoef<ackl,-,_diolri-,dell'A,... IOlia....t-oa:idcnuik.ovvaoddle~1d1Adal.. c dì Smimccd.:i,·..,..,diAidi11, Ko.
n,.cAdlnl. Unch-llalilne~IOlbnnal-ncllalflt>Cllicanonctnclla « -·n,11a.a,ioocdi'l"anl0~1'R"iMoncl1'aftioolo lXdclP-diL,...t.a. Ll.........,IMzionccr~wnc.., Sonn,noooncltMC,I\ISlihincJIOtllllipcr ,I ~,mcniodci d1ri111illhani•AnalOlia.ched!tJauromcrisul1MC>aJiaa:onlidiS...
o;.,,....,rudiMonanat,....1c1917lcdi t.-dnC....,. 1917)",_,,.,r;-.cdcl nii•1,;tru1011CMM1•cnolllflll'llil-ana&olòca c ,l....,.,.idcriodi11M"'lin:1ll'l1&!ia 1I
~dcU'AJ1am1-. fn""":,1"'1qiad'~""""",:olonialecllcnpn,ndnalalinea puli00JiiMlbouaUopnmackll91• daAM(!ll...,diSanG1ul_., L'ÌnlcfftMdiSonn1no .....,.. mo1ov11oom~m1hi.iellnl<'&,ct,c Ef;h q1; impcriah,rm francew, l!ritannoc,,c1111SOnclMcdilenaneooncnlak. p,,i,cWciòa,Td!bepom,10alSl.orWllk:md,,t,,,l,m,:1110ctollo,;.,_,dell'llll.ancl~napopoliricomcd11mV1CO. L' l1&1ia11-..bbe1nna1anrcond.locl,,llcalnp-iil'olca;oc,choa,.....,.,..,,....,tn:,11a1., lcrti1ionichcenonof'IO'.IICWJifont1dill\lllfflepnnwenaunli~i~~p,rla Nanonei1&h1n1;cori l'indcbolìmcrNodclla· -mi1ilarccktloSlall'IOU!ianoi,cl MN.!...._.,1, ....:bhc nducl&ullnionncnlc la ~bfflid •..,.._dcll' ltaliL Vi""" u,che pm'I..,.. COII~ lda>lotoca Ddla polìtica di Sonnino acl M odill."rnM<> ~lllak. Il politico livomew prm,·a,,. una bv OM,l,m vaso l'Impero ottomaM, di lui""""'"' unrnuno polion mnn e mizionaria• ...,. di p,S--dcl popoli che lffl!'l'IO ~ 1......,.-c,,.,....,.CSMo lc _ ,, in f*1U!....ian,,....11c~ru1;..,.,c.,ii d!n:~ <lei llllk,,ru ~ ..-. tniamcr,1< ~ dalla """'°"uin ckll'•hcnon: ~
delMcdioOriawe. 0--,""'""'......... _'_,_,ciopiep'--xi•partc l',,...__,., ,Ji SoMinollOI pcncpin:-poliricacmi ncull'ICftfeanQ-111ra1cdidom1.,;c,inAAlulia.
Ncl.la~lllalolialin•elarono~aia.iili..,i(jdeli.culllnpolitic•di Sidn,ry Sonnino e di .,...~ della e i a - ~ libcnlc iwi-. Gn,w, fu la mancata PffWJioncdelle~RlnnfocolanidcoMZionalilm,-IIO>loi,,1:'.urop,,11111MK-hc inV"tciloo~ein"-,cllea-.,1em1inea,'fdlhcm"'marola..,...,..,>'ffl,adqh imperi folooii.aliewopei;'1ClpiKc i,,parucolar'ci. -,..i..wionc dellalira*1-1mtn10 !W'.-.lel\lfl>Clda pan,:dìSanGAlliaM. di S.-inoe dimolripoli1iciccliploma1oci.nlpu1t pruwl10diun' ~ . . . . . . , , a dilf.,. ncll'f.woJ111 d "inil10Novtcet110.c l"IMi11cnunel pcMlln' potaiWc LI flUZÒOM rol<,otialc 11&"->., Ana&ol-. ••llomet,.__ 11npopoloabih1uo1clomi111«c"""aCMeRdomillllOoomci 1urdoi". LadifeMdcll' C<fllibbrioinEurop11_lil_unaJpc-110deciJivodcll1polilica Cllfflitab. .ul"""11C11111 dtlloKOppiodellaprin.,..:,n"""'4iale. l'nil 191.tr ,11,u,1 ..-,,.udi lloma.....uòdìeucn,_..,, INC....,all'Alltlnl-~il d,,,n,i,,riodl..., paneda8alca1calla0nmaniala__,..!Jladcl~lf,o.dtiletril0fipoi.,,:llidella llUQÙI cdi.....,hellalèl1adclla l'racialellCIIU"i.,nalc.ovvc:n, d i ~ rqim,un;al"""ll'l,a, 1n Eu,opa.s-di ..nenm:il ~ ~ (II Tm11ino.ilconfi.., aoll' l-=e\lalonlll - . , doidotntn per ...,d1plomal;ia,CWnn,hhc-ilo di nfton-..,,.;,-l11iconV_,.. ...,;111a11·11atiala ~ d q l1111ol1111, , ' A..scria tpn,nti1<11IMttrof>- ilconuollo d,...,pancdell"Alben,a""8ricra. Compiuat1t1t1vialaJCCladdl"allmrmlconlaTnptia, l-ilprubbnadcll'"'IUilibriu ,n Ewupf,d,,...,...pr-opn,i_d,,...g.....,.....-,.. L"ltalianoadeaodcnMid""la ,-~~cr,d~l,ln\roll'fflCtllldellacaN poll1iacuropc1,. Lar11..dic....,_itle,,,ndl"~i<:>11al_di.,.,,..... ,1fut111U_,._de1~ allooMipiÌl f<W11 ...twn1,""'*-laF,.....,,.claR-. Perl"ltal1.1-unpw,...,.,..io1a<.'mlZ..- d1un swcd<,..,iniohncucu,-iiof......-.P""'h,!,_,.,,hn., cSan,.............p,onooloai rinl, nel MNÌlcmlneoe nei O.kNI,. l'a-impcdiR'OOcn~looçloclav11W>nadella Tnpl~ lr*'l,a,- ~-«a,so,voindebol,"'""° deHa Oemw,il e la romrl<U di-,!""'°"" dtll'UllpUll IIMllll1i<u. nlc-. INolo wnlrappa., •ll"cv~R"'"lc ~ lrM<Clllc"'""'int:uropo. lldaidcr111 do Sidn,eyS<1M1. , di.....,1Cne<rcl'equilitnu""r\lfl<''"""'Plarri.,...,.11 do:I politN:O 109<anO a fan: llclla ,1,-,1.,_ dcll'A"""'-U......,,, u n ~ <:<'11...k della pol,ri,caft!NW iialiana.Ccm..,.c SonniM>~-..., fono f i d i ~, dell'lmpm,,aabllrp:oa>11lapttditadimolli-.ileml0ri aVU>laep,>do 11.J,a, Sat,ia. 11.oma.wocl'olonoa; n,:I 1Q1Spa"6....._,.r1·,.,.-di un f'wirodt11Xc0•11·~
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LA RUSSIA DEL 1917 NELLA POLITICA ITALIANA Giorgio Petraa:hl
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Il r>'fl"O ibhano moealrMO!fl ,_... sul ~ d w , l a ~ del ronlliuo oulcnntinmlelad!hedipaain....;..,.Ja11:dall'aaci1o-,.Sonni.,..looonfc,;,òron oll'airiocltl 11117.nd-incui •• k.,._m,.i,.-1a
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M&l'Mldielncosnill... Gli l'art.I del l'allO di U:indn (26 ..,rik 11115) ~ all'ltalio"" ,,.;,,;,.,..,,. di fon• m,bian choo la k iaia doYulO . . , _ f(l8IN) l'A_..,-URpril Il fi11C cli imc,,,li,., 1 ~ ~ di DllftttH"M1: wai ,li ,b-n wnlro l'Italia. ad CMO cht la RUMW11,.:.:dci:iso di ri\'Olpeil11M:>1bzoprincipRconuo laGcnnani1. li dioqp10di
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iuliaM, 1....,a,,d,,daocàdnlc. ..TObbi:.,......,~~(Oll(ribulori,ollttivo1ll a - <>OIIVCq;cnkclt1 quattro~ ,ulrAl$ri1-~ Gli - i ma~ ì11liaMrnMO
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N, Janw;k~ L' articolo 4 di dHu. _,,_;c- lf'll(ltlava 1111 JlfflSibtlc . , ; l i ~ al dì.,_..,11owan.. 1<1e1 Panoollìlendni. EMO.,........._.,_r. 11. r ~,_.r.... di:I f'rOAIC _,,_ il centro princip1lo di:lla - ~ milii.i'. 11 proscuo. lullll\ia.. occe!l(lcl,ea,,1191t,,ndl._ _ r i M : ~ . ~ r i - •ll o - -.
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l'rimldìm,1UrVe l'~cl,oltrivolarioo,i......,,l,el 1911ehbertiaull'lt1Jia ! n«UWionchiamlff r -..i1o:r.:.11111r1,ff901o:qualianiw-.w,oallD''CfflO
iuil...... kin(ormaoonilll.lllo:«mvllloi.,mdella R-iaat1 19\S.19 16. lla>llenondcllo: 111forrMzionien11111nl...-l'unl!uctala 111l-•S..Pictroblqo ( ~ I Dl l91,4). t:~c<aau"'""'dal191)dlll'omhuc""'nA,..ln,aCark~lo mwd1e1e di 11.ipwbcll,•. Uo ,atikoomo , n,c1u, dod ,-u1111 P11llido, lii na buto. , _ e a lio,;rt,,ianwri.L'..,..._,111<n~onimitmo,A,·n-.ltplllLl1Uami14ionf:,11l1 R-.la. vallllNIClol,,: P'C*W..alnl I diplon..iici e &li ..sdcui m,llllri iialiM,. chclllk>A:11>'anollll'Ho11:l ~loen1on,._-.,..«e,Hlpn,c,p,Uo1D · d,.;cvano • •· ~ ; . , , i . . . . . , . ~ r ~,..,.i"""llahdi:cioi,id, , i , . . . i 1 ~ ripor1111odl.,i;,.•, c ... 1·..,......,Ìllll~ i ,ialou,ich ~ , ~primo• MM0&.11 l<:COOdo10dc:ua.iltcr.o'*>br,;'°'1 1:l,,1um,.,.1ioftis.Nd,cnnaool916.1111a:intOkdi cW1'iff,,fwnorn...,_,...,.~.s,u.ia,1òeldonol"R.aff:ode l'iroae,tKoOotllc1 Pietrobiqudal 1902.i11. .illodi.....tirnp11!0lol(,pmi0 l'b1i111$0di lflMCma,perirncnlalt do:ll'Un1veni.... Neuo....,,,... 111l...,1i --.mSil,,eria,diwepur.-i1vnwoola..-o
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Vi,vinio 0.Jdl 111vilikl ok "1.a Slamrif,M di Torino.: Livio 2-tli ck Mli o.oo.lc: d'haliliM, Ren,io laroo del °'C(lft'lfft ddll Set.~. !'In loro -'1111u,.,_ • . . . - di ...ronnaz.on., anclw~.,,J,,.,_.,.. Le w o ~ . . . . . , . . ~ l'op,niaw
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Mnw11closliinftkonli.COll1picalldaipr,Jhlm,idi,;,oin.·iv,:nnC0111e(bdiic...ailciedai ri1vollidir,lo,ul"1_..,.1l nllll*rio.Lettc~-.li-ìnooclcnli,qudk ~ ~ - k w o l a ~ d c l n r . p w , o'. ~1u1tiMi.,,..;div,1adrl p,v-. iMbla. V"ll:iliu O..ydl 1vobe. di - inirilliva. ..ct,e ani\'fti ~ vokaadiff.......,ll-cloUaperT1ill.l1- .. 11-..... 1.,..,...,, _ _, . 1MJ1inc,rttifittlc,"""°formldirr-,nrilelq:n,nwnidal!'l1alil,1ll'a,:n,na1elq,wialdi ~ . ehi:proncok>.. a~iaigiomali,iq,uali.opcMOlip,,ot,t,lin•--"· Lecomspo,,,da,np,nlaloltichepubb(icakinli.loalUldli-,.itil:MJIOW d l i i ' ~ . . , . . inf'oali,... nel .......,.iui,ino 11115 IKqllml il f•1<>P"' riicv..tc: la perdila dei ..,..iri pn,"--li Nhila dlll'esctci1o"'""" ""Ila n1nML La_.,_... polil,a ddla gnvedi•fala fil la&.., -·- OCll'M- .,.,.,i,, I,. la l'lwnl di S..... Cill""ff"'I ...... Chen'CVIIIIWffllO laR.....ia<hnMclaf-=ininakclclaonllioo.Ncl
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lelWmhtt .... 191~. d ì ~ all'inanollC del perno--. te1 lnnùni lklla Dumo' fOffllMOlll!ilMlllocmpn,sraànaM•"'--·1..........,difiducia.Lon,lii00,. 1 l'Ollf""*'. A - il ml!IMdosuprcmu ddl"e11ndio e oi ,..rm • Mohilev 1.. numa fueh-. l . a ~ li -l'cridal Pu!amnMal Pae,c.. La R....., r~a11r11,·ff1M1dl UN_..., di 9riopffi e d i ~ manifeo.tu.ioai t'(lnlnrie al p...a e alla d1nu11a. Dal
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cvitanlimirlislriemlt-.itbbi-.t-;...,11iimponanùpoa1ioca,paU11e1loro~pn .... ~«llllinutile-. Ne9uno dn ddqpli «llle oepali CM la m<>1....- lolle imminaa Efll"R aano oouop, oa:hidi llllli: la Dlima.Jl"fCL, f i l ~ pertuno il 1m>p<>*=H• pttmMetlla della dckpào,w per«aillanr l 'abtuo ..-Ile~• la Duma d l i . . . - = · Goliuy,l,~E' . , , _ ~ • ~ propooll>, 1'1n1tn1$11 riLIKiala alllTrihuna dal m111i,;w Scialoja. il capo della dclcp;àono iWiana. al wo rilomo • li.olia. Allç ........_ dtl r..i.a....,...i1ca.m;noa;_,,....,,. , ~ 1 a - , . . . , . . . . . n o ~: '1pottit, poli1ic, din11-9it,-bloeMpo,1a. rnq,.-o sr-* ... il - - t n i d i 1ooo,i.....-e.,-t-dicll~delll_.,..~-lola'ma"*111'..o,,e di....-..ftllpcrn,llao ... ,inuria,,•, 11 14_."°(l" __,Neffldo;Jc..ic.dlino
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L ....,..,,,,,<1,11a,.;...,.,,._,.,~,..11apo1mcawtraWN·hu1;,, Il r:o'imo ll'J'IOOIOri.-olu;rii.wriomri in c.iao pubblÌClno» un,_,;"'*' in cu, veiwV1oon"""""biwoloràditlla RUlliadi~IISU11m11iMoodqliAlleati. Gli......CIIIOflallm1W\'aronodcbokll,ololabclhmrie111Sp18AdallJOYffllOl'ICI ,.....;rctto,inadq,N,.. . i - ~ 1 ~r.llati.po,O.deciam,dinontinn: lfQJIP)lltttdl. Si-ericonobbffoilpffllO~/il..,__,imenlo
1Llliuo n"cue il 21 mar,o). Nor, ,;ol.lero ,nòri,otire l'...w,riù dri membri onoclenti del ll'>"t:mu. ~ di Miliukov. Il ,.;nittn, dea~ ENffi ~ . , , Il H11n delb, oonci••idi: i...,.,.,,..dol.clle lat.111tia~riftasu1d'-1..,_e"""hll:ibcrilpcnalo alitcGpdiptm1....,.,;11;idalpt'"ffllOnri1,11CG11aJiAJle1li.N<lnwniifflCfl"ll:widcl pffllO nwo1-·- · . pnO. si_...._ wlla lffl di Miijllm\'. Kamskij e Nri:f'UOV(M1"*"1dlftT..,,.,.,,)IW._,.,11Ciuo,~ .. ..,..,~litildll quclladdmimlrodqlif.o&ni K.amstijona>nsapr,ollchei.v111onadcllademocnziam K-andlv1olnl1 Rnlplicc drpoliziono: del ll'IOM«II. F.MI ridlialevl, in primo llootO. 11M cleciu IYMI nclllpoliuco~delbR--edell"luca.UMlalc..,..ILIIMlcniimplk,1.1 ncll' indiriao(mollO....,iloinK...;.Jnvolloil2..,.;kdllWii..aJC........-,~ · - . lnun..-aiodel...., dìti;onn.ilpraidenle:1im,~1ipopolo,-d,e..rm,e:,c1111 1·..,_,._....,,..,..,;omt,,.iimck>pe,-i.11bcN..llsiM1WaellF*"olol.llMO.••·r.....- ..i;..,.dali-,,dli........,...,.,..,rwno. ar........ c1e11a.,..,.. ancMwnon""' diiam~q1111lefonnulll*ICbbe-con,q:uitJ,. II Soriddi~.di<:111 Kcn,nsliìffll"ÌCCJlfffidtnlc.tim, fOIIOporuvooedìqu,:SIO~ c llldli,·adtlincllldo la Mnlkpl per ponan, la R...;. "-i dolb, IIOCHL ""' fwri....,iLI ..,., ""ilolaale. 11111
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All°iftino. il mantfatod>bc-.- _, Pffl"" i to>'crnitknnina. Lacin.'OIIU..a ru nlevau.dai ~ 100ialilli1I Iota ri1on,o in lt,aia.n<:111 Cemov. i o - 1 f..-pan,e del C.,...iwo-,o11mddSrwoct.q:tiliimptpv.,~pcn,Wil...,;r.,..,,~ ~MOmlormaulfic,ialeaaJiAlbti.Allonlaqllf:9li,oncalldi1i"dlo. R,bc,l.p,aiden&c rr-:-dillc.,...;ai;.,.•Vffllloe•·oiulc>blottare...a..__opieqlliw,co""'"ioniJLlç,on UN1not1rollettMlikll'I-.Sonni110nad'aca:wdo.llpmiobriunnico....,-ea:.bloro':i 1l pM10d.,..__, c-.&:1o1Jdl lllffldm:clw d ~ d e l toeialilMI ~ e franccs, in~ila;io•moi.1t....,.(csli&i11111m1 l l a p i l c 1 ~ ~ ~-- Pffootl dire.1mmobriditlSovid. llO"ffllilftllntcf'rwoteltffMOo:o,,•intichtiioc,.lilti,-i mcalio dd diplomliici.. ~ nullti1i I coaw..m,, i compttpi nwi • oonri""""' la
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L1NGRESSO IN GUERRA DEGLI STATI UNm. ASPETTI DIPLOMATIO
Paolo Soave
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"'The npl pn:c"""' lhui pmce~. altmnboolcnnemmie Willoa ,I 2 apnk 1917 ntl chifdm: 11 e - . , - . il riconolc:irnaiiodcllo 111110di pttT'I con la Gcmmii1' . Il prnidmlc ~~ 1u11iflm la dnmmatka m,111 racctldo rirmmmio alla IIICffll IOllornln Ncho.,fri>brulilaloxhi1ve>...oesle!ill1 1Ut1eleimhlln:azioniin .. vip,:;,•111'"""1!1'E_,,.,!lmZll11an!diiunn<n:in(1vun:J,;,,pac:,ine\lll'ali'. Nello...,_tro<,C, IRmitc l'ombac11tadi Lmdn,,&fiSWi Uniti - • - - d t l c o n t " " " " ' d t l 1e1egrammaz· --.nr1.,..,.i.<11puic1ma1Cali~a1Mc.ia>...,·.i1cana dipanqoialon11ìamnicaaisi'-oritolli1p,cnderpant1llcoaifit:lo'. C011IOGi apffl,anM111<"'"'511M1C1,\!/it-prnmiòqursa<IK.......,_unsxrifkiod1c1iirnpmnra ., ........ uoo nodcropbile f-*llo d,e a.·rd!he .,,., poooibilc ripmt,nan: le ~beni r,,MNen1J~!conni 110epcrfiao1nlr<ldwntdi...-"T,dÌ<IIÌJOlol,ll1StatiUDi11~fanl p<>l'Ul1ori . ~la1<>11 po1am1inp,rdodi un mondomiJIÌLff.1111""'".., aulOCl'"<IIÌCO e m1litar1S1Ji dd R~kh vtfflli ..tditaio oomc l'inidocibile m1...:c!ll dtlt'intm u..--itl, mnire per il popolo ...i..x. il prKÌdfflle tM,e parole di ~ martMdo la dÌOl.i111òcM,. fralav .... ~(f,ldll,a,ra-iu,na.cla-~.....pca. l1clTcu. fn(fl>Qlidue:otrcffl•ni-llRlnst.tpmmad, condii-1inlef'medie.1mpl,c,,_ ~ ~ I l ' dallo SICflO w;i-., che..,.,~ pooiriu. v..,., l'Amtria-Un&f,nia. l..1
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<'<lftnOlalUl<man.-idrolosica1""""""'doWilo<,,,1lprimo«.nft1h<>rnrw!.. 1e, r uh,mo in n,i lt ltui di _ . .lìl.i obllffll..,. q,.o,k:hle '*"'..wo, ~ 1111 Slali Uniti ..i...,,..,..ttpo&Ì.710nl O O l l - l , : q i a t , , • • - - ·... ~naz,unalì'. Anhur L111k.unodc1maaionbiotrafi•~dcllafipradiThomasWoodrowWil5o11. ho,
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A COMPUCATED AMBASSADORSHIP. THOMAS NELSON PAGE CAUGHT BETWEEN WIL50NIAN IDEAUSM ANO ITALIAN N.A.TIONAUSM
Marco Pignottl - Brendan Connors lllomM Neklll , - . • ·• bom on h11 f•mily'1 piantai- • lka,·milm, V'1r11IH• ,n 1115J.' M • bo,' hc ,..;IIIQoil:d 1M Civil W., ~nih;ond ...i lhc i:onftia omed u a rritial S-Hlofrefnffl<l!.A~ofw.lr,1npJ11...aLc>eUDi,·c nil)",hept-1o«dDÌ11~ R1<hmond. In lll'IJ, hc ,...,..i io w..hin!!WII o .e . aftcr ormT}'IQI lhf: ..-...i~ .,.>do,,, Florntt I.Mlwop Fii.id. Al dli>p,ir,l. , . ~ kpl poac!,tti,, r,,,.,.-of,.ntinc
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fnrewamlhcp,c:,idcft1ofthcdall,ct10lhc UllilcdSIMCt lhM would bcp,am1tdbythc CVClli.aJ~ MIÒOU. llllbcd,pioma,hc -iclyi11~,wordlfl'adlhalifOfflnany wunlt.-,.. . . •·ilJ-olOplohmondlillidcllw •-.la",bulwillnn.tpn,ceedlO puÀlh« cmp,reandhtrpo"Q<bc-yOlldll>cAllaoM,._pn>t,lblydlNClfflCìtlOwardlSoulllAmerica.M1d «min1y.,..;1JcOll'&'l\alldllleatiroptionoflllcMol!rol:Doclri11e»."ltcprdinai.,e,,m1U1l
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r.:;H... llpooÌ1Xlnl:dell ' llalialoll'ialenlOdell'l•-,~leperr.'>Òdlenjp*dllva lcupiruiom del pwemodi lwmllinAliaMìn.ore.. Il primo di .-1\'Vffill'lfflli l'urnnn leMri,ohlzimi.....,., di(et.hnioc di""°""',dw• ..,.;c,.a11•;--1111i1CMt nel ainftino, dlhem""''~~le•llcvitn,d,,edellalollaoonlf'O&li lmpçri,;cnuai~n:ndnlcloil 1917•-di1volllixllo~mondialecmooificando ~ il pnenle dtl C(lftftllll) _, 001111l," s«ondo T - VIIUI r l l d u ~ IOll<I il p,ofi!Q d e l l e ~ - poliùchc . .1 rqo,il,IO r,:r l'AJ.ia MiftOfC, la rivol- MM mlpllri llffllibibnle dd .,..a,,o ,laliano. Il to•emoMM1fupmo.illquelpenodo.daiq,e,,riprobkfflidi 111mninlema,che!QCR). poco(ona.ma10llri>11 .. ,,,_,_diplonwuia,~dtl pcmodil'lctn.itrado. chefuffflafflffl11el!ICII0011-diqtlello_,...ndpcnepin,JcPf'IP'l'aopinnonlnel Malìkmlacuurienlale.u Nclhnempo, imponaMi"°"ilì~-.,i.:1oeleaaipoavwno. l1 2l no>cmbn: 1'116 "IOrivt. • <lllUlalCi ,...;, l'irnpcn,l<,ft -'-Jico F ~ 0..-pp,,. 1 ~Ili ..., oua:ecluloil p>V... ,,;poieeam 1.11 .......... ~ c p i t a n r o n ... ..,.,.1ic,Z,1a di ~ -Parma,innocoav-CNl'UNCOMOdoperfw,opra••v1YCRl'L,npcrv~
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L'ESODO DELL'ESERCITO SERBO ATTRAVERSO L'ALBANIA NEL QUADRO DEI RAPPORTI ALLEATI
1915-1916 Vojislav Pavlovié La G......S.:lf,ICfR•l<l1ioa - dlheini-a,oil'aaacco~•ILISctbla1I 2<1 lugl,o IQ1'1; anclle te .. .....,uoqunu pnn doc, •ll'ori&ìne, Wfllbnv1 ~ i«•k divCIIIÒ-pcm,ewopcaclllOllllwc.il(TOl!kliC:!OOriQ1NoC1a1 rrua1eiaolalondquak LISertooa~d,,tol,.-..,_pMte:ddl'-,iodclLIUup""' MDIWdo... 1 Se lo b,,t~~ ddl'_.u....., e d,:ll'in-.mu d,:I 1914 oi ron 'I""-· il d11einlénwlffllp9ndÌNi1111villOl'Ìllpcrilpi,ccolo-,.ci-,IOftlo,ilf..-diplo,nM~ "11mol10pi6 ..,vo.1.aSerbia-oolol\lcouovolu.masitttlYÒffltll'•ll'originedi vuic illiriai...: i• ..,wmplc.,p,c,ld,plomallco ,runio ac.»tn11r<e •na allcaotaoomro LI Oupli«Mman:hianei lbk:aoi.
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ènella~~ · -,1,;p.....;__,,<-hc,..,..,.,.....,l'QpmllMl<:di'"T<l"«.11 ,.....niMlcanica~.,.... .._.....,,cqialilicar1'iloo,,l'li11<11n l' A,..w;,,.ullgh,,,ri,.c laSerbia.' L' ~ ol sp;cp teSÌCOMIClmidlC il lo$irotJlilotocklk &ut"fft'NlcanlCnt'ffll scaio &ÌUSUfflnllC l'anac,;o ddl'AIO!ria-l.ln&hcna """In.> la Sat,i,a. La °'4olicc M-,:hia .. "11constdenlalnadall'es111>dclllllO'IO....si-1anl0riak11CiBalcanid<,p:>la S;:,,:ondoperrabakanii.-a; laSabla,coa la Maadoaia cii K- , ~ n o r , n a i "" fonnd,,bik osca-olu all"olft:NMI ..,!,ln>-,iapri,;,I •Ila petùtola llak:aoka. Alla rifftt1di111.ta1i c..-; d '1ntlltt las.rt...pN"~,,-.,L10upliceMoun,hia.tl rniMll'OdccJiAl&rir:.Sleri-.Scra,ciS..-, ..,d,,ll'.,.,..., 19 14.lffllÒdiriç...inffl 1'11\caNII al im.., dcli.a l'nllll iJ"C'ffS d,e nd 1911 nunl ww i paosr halcan"'1 nell1lnnaconrm l' lmpero,__, s._."'*'1,darl,,o..,..,_..,olnffl;,o. quell<,d, 11n1"'1io#Md.t """'"OOflà'OV- lleanlinediqwsa,.ri""'"alk....,.~clo,'111& ~lam.>luaonedd<Ollftiuo 1nlaSmoiacLIBu!priaptt l1pu1eoricnlakdclLI Macedonia che nel t91l coir,vobc i«Kauli •Ila s«onda pena balcania.' Come t hmM*l.lftondol ' - . l o lnLISfttllltla8ulpnaCffld\oeo ~ IJmanol912dopo la vi110ria..-1rol"impcro......_...-ia..,.,....••ffllhcclo......, f•c ..,..,.i.111Bulpr;. cLISabianrcbbcdowlOl\'Crel'teOCNOall'~ dalkm'<:1Jbuoeli. La11U<iùdc,IJo
.wo•lbeneMpmclamaund__.,, 1912.r->'OhiUdallao.pliecMonmd!ill e dall'll.llia.lll.invax-taSctbia.ii-•IA10allal(,bulpro ... caonbiammlo IUIWIZialcdo&liacwrdidiallc:an4Lavi110n&MIMcledisf-deW-itoanomano ,n Macedootie perm;..: infaai 11 pcn,odi NN.ob Nit di nfi- la CUlÌ(lnC dcli.I pute, ,,rinlakcklllMa,;~allaflulpriLL·ucaoo.i......,....... deimulim,obbòen,vick!la pnn,-t.a.M ......... diolocuoncll'E.-.vnul·jmp:wlbilidod'~all' Adriarioo, k ofiua,ndo,.; d'a<nftatt .... 111k modilica dqli ........Ji llabilili <:ffl la Sat,ia. il So"ffll(I h,.lp,odilvan ~.-il11U1>fflaCCOallaSntl,a.doedom1ZM1•U1Seoo,mpnn Nk:ania.. L'ailoò:lla ,uemo.«net_,,lbawuullc:opcrlaAulpri,l;ilttalWlldi th. : - del!'"'°"° 191} ccnlicmll> infatti la pentii. della MKC<bu e dei ICmllln in
Traci11pn,finodella0rffia.' La"'1Dllfilllbulpra!NIÒ~ilq,N4-o~di-fuan.,.,.....lc Mllnn,,11t,ak:u,ia,, Loltftfflllimzialcchcl'ff'*""l'1m•oddJ•ncrç~Kfbo9'1llcri..c <lcWAdriMko e q.-11o del loft> 11k-Mo bulp,o ....ii. me c1c1rE,.... i-iando .,.,.1 libll!ro 1·-.-ac1i11re11, pcr .... fvlun..cvat11111lc. otknli•·•llldipomatic,•die ..i l i ~ .. dislocò all'at I CHA dalla IIIICÌII deU'AlbuÌI illd1pn-.lcait. I.... , _ , . , , . ~ di Sa:tono,,. che doven rendere pou,'bilc /'a//;._,. .. ,.._,, e pnt,fian: il tilclo di TaD
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Ottia.' La~diq-PIOl(CIOdi,J/;,-,.,,•........,voh&u,daS.-c~daiNOifOlleghifnn,;esi,immio;bi'°Jii•ff'Mifflerifnnc:ai(j-Doumns c lla,pllilc~. llol'iniwdiunprujjCUOdi~dell'A~U•pcria.'5':il .,.cmodiAn10nioS.Lanclnl11Cll.~ 1 914. 0ltl'IYfflOil..,..lllillÌSU'(ldq~Atrmi""""'• 1lmarrloncAJNOn10diS..Gi•h•no. nli!Nb d,-1.......,__..i111,1H'ffllfllllin111oN111 dell' halia e mprac l'idea di......,.- 1111 divilioftc cldl'AllllN·Unghcria.' il..,.._ lfflllldiNilwla ....òt1'i<kllClprotN1<1diS.-lapowl,ijiùdipor11n:a00ft1111l'~lkiSla~ioklSw. ln ..,pnmokmp>.l'nif1l29 IIO'IO l914risp<w 11le oom.wlcollnledlcedcrela~onmlalcalla lhllpia.dlofOIOldo,namboo, tcmtori~ODn illiwnlcadrialico~: ~ p a G l l .... rilifl'l*II alla rifl,_;.dalla pançdella o-il dei ltmt(ln <Xlnqllil&Mi durwole la s«'Ol'lda pcm
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r1<~dtll'allean:a,halrania." I r.tpi.ali Mli riMOYO d,c:lralkaan bakanica rip"a(fo dopo la 1111111 dd trablO di l~.wmpn,,1Ullobuedclle~l(frilonal1wtbrallo Aoolpria.Lepl'OIMMC ikPAllcali l"Mk1lla Sc,t,;,,per;.;...,. • ccdcff l a ~ onc1111okalla Bulpri,, poorololorol"Otnllfw,lcndla-cit,p·-rr-.brilaNl..;:oe-d..lJS ....,_ 191S.
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Ul ritpootl di l'alit dd1• lffleffllftl91 ~111 ... rifiMIOIMICha1ilo. U-ffllldiziMi pcf ,.ecl,m .. ~OJÌQllak.pur.,__,..·and,, le cinli di \ldn.. l'rilq,.Ohrid cla p,anw11dlO.tel"OIJ,t,cnrio lali d1eblc,çcavanooSNf1<*ihilà di KCONO,;,.mllH<,ipnL ll primo,muriolru...,t.c,rich_..,.ilk>lltt Uftlr,..,icn_,,..,.roa i. o-,.eiepn,ll>X 1llffl1cpa-_,._....,__IIC.O...:..nDi-~ill• ~ . &liAl1ati llwMO hl pllllodi proporn,alla 8"1pii, .. ~ della " 4 ~ toloclopolapnn. c..i1a-pa.n... wnfflllli11111 d& S.-,_et,bc_om:hfle~ ~,..,,1; ~ ol'frn llla Bulpril mollo di pN di q,IIIIIIO ~ ~ aJi Allali.l..aAul.... dapn,- - • -. . . - i. f"')flOf-ll 1llealloddl4 llrlll:mi:we
l)CfJWnClm,-decioione. ll l ..ncmbn: ewva"'f.ui.,._lulo....,_.,a.1i.Tun:llil w l ln<riak> ilrl .....,....,.,..,.,._e il 6JCIICmbft1-lm,.oil nftlk>o:onll~
elle le pnnu.,. il ~-tolocklll Maoedoa<aorictllale ma ckll'inlcn Maoodonia ron.inpiù.laponc:.......,kiklll Se,t,iaalliUdcd1l'c:,;1d,,ifiumiMon,v1UÒ<:lllak:clo GrllldeMcn,-.."'Siaindi~aeec:wdi. l1lkalpril-dòedorilp>llaalloprnpoot1 1llclU1ckl 14 ~ .... ~llniobilìw~parnlk il 21 ~ Dopnl'allannckll1o.lpriacmdilmperifflllrali,~1femlonollloroolfm.o.,. ror11N II Scotlil. N e l ~ 191:l l'fftf'Cilotedelcooi-.,..., ÌI - , , , _ 1'C11m.,111..............-111111nZKl inBor.nia.L·111acco-..o-ic,cla,ro i1uiil> il 6Dll0brt. menc~ll lhllpnaffl!m11pern<XJn1rollSnt,,.l'I I Dll0tlff, UopolfU'l'll!UI pom, di ,.,,.., Mnaalic011111m le lffffl<dctclle.-•ngaridw:ebulpail " IKMln'lm' 1911. il ..,.._ c l'~ilo.-.bo.>r..._,...........,.np;..p..,,nK-dlUIJ·impou,1,iliUdi.., nliro nelll ,11llcdd Vanlar.1..-llel ..,..immlo1....:ilp"" cldl'etm:ilobul&f,ro. l'lllicl •11d\*'Ìlllcr1vcr,Ql,:ri,'C111:a>ttidell'Adrillll,co. R11ìlllalldollraa.llScrNoccl1ea.l fallloo.Llnuraaa,~Ai:11...ia .....Hf110IIVIIYUWlecvnc1uev11eddMonlnq:roe"""1 <ll'll'Ahnil. fu"" \'flU e pn.,;o -,do oolo llelraiffeilo ma Ul<"IM: delle ill.iUUDli Kfl)C- r A5Kflll>lea...,.,.....le. i1.....- -c delllpopolaziQN:ci,·ile,OOIIOil f"""')nemiço
'""""'"" ....,11.) ddk lriW abncsi ..,,;_ CnMi11111 di ffliJlilia di l<lldati. fuftrionari e c,vilicamn,.,.._,pcrmai..qu-.i....,.,c1bo.111ra,...., ;1 ~ c l ' Altwii1wcnc, :~A=--:ondlà~di--n"'l"'•-alcPffricoobuò"'l•C9CtCIIOCCffl!;,....,..,
L·amvo. all'imn,o d i ~. dt ttnlÌftlll di onìtJ...,• •,~ IOldlti ICf1ti altomalì e rna.lltii~idi"1JdlillUlQl~- ..., ltml<)rioalbanne.poae1lprobkmallellil ..,pr1niVffll'~clelllSerbiaoomealk110coomc: ,-.. iad,pcndaow.Con laoroidìtladtlla S.:mi.a.l'...lt'Ofronulllalooeillalcan, _ _ ,.....etterioo,fanlptr ...llifiw,;:fli nlìftilailhualc1Salonicm. ll ful1M'O<klb ScrbOldi•Cllllle<:iaiqpd01l11dec:islonc Jiman1e11t:ni=onwt101U1•cmfrmw1llwoneiBak:aai.S..""""'°.......,.......sli Allcali ..a ·ano .,..;zion.i rondammlal,__ d i - Dli t.o,,dn a R. - ,-andoda Plrijri il f1.11urulli:Ua1p:na118-lcMi~ vitla in ll'IOdodi-. /,,.J<J,,:--J,11an1,..__ L'Ì<bdi ... frontçalla,lon,:i8ak...,~Ml pmta10 dÌn<.'ffCldi""""""° 1,po ~·. 11canxa t.kani,;,a. dopod>e Il Sulpril • na dtfmì1n·. . - odltcrauo • llanoo dclii Ocn,w,11 t cltll' A"51N·Unafwna. L'vna ..ic.u ._,.. 111 viPQ 11111 q,,,elb lllr laMfNt llGnc11 fì-llCIINl&'O 191J.,1,·111,1dd I\INN>- «>11 118\llpna
s«undapmabalcanoca.Scronoollcon•-m1liwcdw r1CCV1,.....,dellrMtal('>dialkalll',a.llSC'riria••·...tibfdo\u10 K h.........-c """"'°ll lf11lgllirr unCIOCR'.ilodoalmcr10U0.000100m1n,. ln•e t t n e l ~ l 91!~chiarocil<' in cutld'MUICCOcoqiunlodellclNflp:INOCbrc~br.la Sabllnon avmibc
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IWJSI.Al' l'AVWl'lè plMO IChienn: •lcun ~ «*'O b 6,olpria. H p!lll.....C del CONÌ&JÌO ar-, Elcru..,,.;,.,. Ve11Òi0Cklt,, diòac il 21 lidklllln ..li Alleati M: pOkUcro IOlti111ini •lb Serbia
e ..,h ldW'e 150.000 u.omini 1W fm11,o " - bu.Jpro. po,,mcioqu,L'III OOffll: ro,idì,;,,.,,... q11<1-pnl"cvmi,aako,1n11,ill,......dclbGm:ia•lorobnoo.•~ffll-Onn/l il 24 K!ICffibR, i s<)'al\Ì , _ C ~ d c l i ' ~ fTancae di iHian: U\l(lp< a S,.lunic<,o."ll,_,. MlllriceSatnilfiodffi.,....,~ICdcllcdM101ir...,.....; ,;Il( dai Datdarlell, •vfftlbnodovu10spot.Un1 propt11ikidi 111,·iam:Sarnil 1nOnc!IIC,:t,belJ'll~1-........,a.,........1e-posinon,"d1sinoma" 1l1 davllno1I ,,;.,no 1o<.W1eJM di una pane IOIAllnllcdcl ...,..er.ocdell"AMCmhla llalimale.. In n:all.l 11 dttl,noddf'n>otlcorinllalcob\"fflll\~,-~""'ll"polib,;a~~()ul,l1uosi Pf'Ol'IIO di ~ SùoallC'CO fu ,·illo dai oorialiffl e dai ICrillilb raclinh
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UNO SCOMODO ALLEATO: LE AMBIZIONI COLONIALI ITALIANE E IL CONFRONTO INTERALLEATO SULLA SPARTIZIONE DELL1MPERO OTIOMANO
StefanoMarcuzzl /-.,di,:;._ Ncl d ~ l 9lXVillorio~le()rland.,.l"rimomini•iroddRtp10 d "IUlòa.t
Sidno:} Soonmo.m,ni,trodqli f:tl(t1.&i_,,•Vcnailkspe,p,anmpwc.!lawafc..,.... dipa:cd1Cdo~,.,..•llabiln d _..o_dcll'~dopollQnndo:prm.Al "°'fld"'
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ftrmatoMll'..,,,ltl915. . . . tun&11 ... di(<)fflfltftlicoloniali~dlllminlllnl dellcColunoc,o...p.,n,Colot.imo.~~tuniilefTiloriddr AliaMinon! 11abili!idlllt'"""""°"diSI "-dò M- · -*•·..,..1e1017, 1""1mprww11, ro11ilòd,odel CQ11fi...,..,....lo,......_,hboi...,(lnnii C..."lli•imaoo.JanbubeG1butilperpn,nlìn:l'"llntd .,....ic.a~drlk"',lor,i,,italianr. Nelle lnllMi~c. tuu..-.a, il ~ coloAlak fini bni pra10 in __..., .,.....,. LI fulcro della con&aa diplomlrica oi ~ ow FM,mc e bo o.in-... Gli ol"ot"Li di q,ofi mcmbti drlllldtlqa,.ione ,u li.. pii C'Otll>'Olti •Ile n11Miwccoloniali,comcG111liclmo lmpenal1,rq10ombuc_,,a1.-1ra,r...,....,ddhno dol..ondra.caddmlnrl . . -. L'idoasRUadi"'Yinoriamu1ibca~rilmnclupmcnl,clcpu1!la~ llutnana.Qwol<:, c,sitopoll"ehhc:IMciattl'i~cho,lpn,cnnnamlonlalcfOMediocanoinleftNC perilSo"em,o i11J,_,. I• ral.... per lul.. Lapnn rllal,. - a,~-. mai ..,.nu;,na1ofiumc,cavn1 in,-uc ,....1,1;111 mohoi.ulla ~ - colomaJe, a,Wl2Mdo n<hieAc nel M.- lt<luo e, IOpnlWUo, nc;.....,.,.,.;n1-ickll' A.1o1Mi-.~'111ll,.....,...._, iapartiroare.ripwdl~• ilprolllmw,più~clil'M.'Ol!Nitti..eqllilit,rioa,c,di1NnnODfnleqa1tm ...-,,e <kll' h'lleM(O...,BMapa,f..-,ia,R.... ,IUllia).cdìo,;kfflla""at~ 1111CfallcAl
tctnll,lcdnmmalko. l"ff cirt1Y11MM>.ftail l•lhi11917.la~Vliper1'oll)Nlizionc dolrlmpm>ollomanolMJ!tllmoi..Jlfll"l*tl• t f o o - . u ~,11alian1.cmcloM'l
addirimndi~•m11roaunhl'llalilciMJialkMi. hr,;apu11Clo1viluppu,ci lçprni«lfticalticric~iclkcolonialidiColoeimo.è~riAlin,all•unpncdcllc min,~-illidwilaliaorinAàaMinon:. 11_,__"""-"JWQila/i,,,,,,o/la~~il#lddlaG~gwrn,
Li,~illaliln<,aAMklliav--,reltUdalwall'Nl7.pimaancondcllaJUCffa diLibilodtl 1911. diesanciil primo~a:,lpo1lloocricduolamel...,en,Dllomln0.
S'TT.FANO UARCI.FUJ tvet10 l16nedolpnraodo«,,n..,del-,.u_., ,.(•1i. chrM01..,,llci/ladiffO!Odcre l'ocka, ne, citwli IIUÌOl'IMÌlti e Ulin,, cli ....,rofinan: della.,..., ddl'lmpm, llffilrlWMlpnrin-,lin,ami:,uioo,i~lillechrt'l'POIUIC~to:Npctedopola d1•f-cl,Adw, ddlll96. 11 wpandr.alawd'E-.,.wcnwnwdcnlu11111affflOl"UJIÌlM) 1ial1anikaoniiOII blnc:hiffi.illdultrial1c-,,111d'alflnCMamhiVM0 1 re1h7.zan,..,.. nelNndAfria cnelMcdì..........,urienlale.1 ~ ,.,,.;,.,,.Jcololi,lll111&C4lUll:UC . . . . . poi..,..1af-dì~'f'e:KHllinduwialc .....,
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>'iaut1clal~flnoa.,...1- . ec.. 11t111......,i..~ne1i..~;oe,,wianc,1 cen:.e11nffl&&IIORnwooa.c~ddndo~fnilcl!'Mdi~Non1C1100, tdell'IIOll~dcH'.W...""""-~ilia l.,.,_.,.,._donelletluali con.e Eanco C,;,na,Jilli e OiuV&lltli l'~lli. e i,,pir'lll al i..cilo idNlc cli JICrill"ri rome AlfmloOriani. N°""ilOIIOptffl~knmliprtWpp<lf"'d>et'allonprt'SidNICddCm1lslio,Giovanni
Gìolitti,c il tu0miaÌ9b'Odqli~cri.~""0iSanGi•liMo;),,.;,-.<lClmfln)nlCIIC oeri...-l'equilibrio~le.Nond~,l'-alllLibiacl'O<C1IJILllOM dc,l~<kltt-minan:Jr10WlclkllO-Òllmiooi:ho: • idefi'u1umanii1IXlminiot11roo ..,; Rabni, f clic lfflDW... ~ ,.....,_ il m,llo ddl',mpem. le pw,di potcn>,c owop,w. lDll'l l l&lloocoppiodèllal"rinu,1....,.mo-:1"'1e,,.;ani...,._,.,.....,,_ P"" ICOll&iurare lak d i ~ bncndoa C_.....:i,,ol, d1>cni pm111, f\naariai e 1iul1 militari per MOdm,;7.-., il - e,;eteilc,. Al lfnlpO-. pe,v. cÌncllN di....., 11 p,;«itprot,1cudicomi.lCll""••~m1..i..~•n·irnpcm.dando,fotoai reciproc, pn>Fffl di apu11iono llel-; ICmlOn. L'h:olil fo::.: rocimone.. Il n ....,...oo 1'113 n, s., G1ul~ 9Cri_,, a caini!lo o.m.n,.ami-:iaior,:aC.-inopoli: Ulpolili,,:,,,lcl_ ..... . . , _ p n _ i l - · ··_ . .
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ll,nini1WdqliE.lnipcD11...,..,......._,di hmi1an11chiNettalnoM~1 1 CifM Umapo e !'rancia in cao cli ...,...._ di q,oclk ~ 11 ~ Mi- . ~,n,uqualil'&ILarpnffilolkll'/ii,f#n"btJlibic,.,1spco,c,diE&iliOCTl•i,iia,b CCMioncd1Ycm..'fleGibllli.clapmnti,dip"1>:da _ _..~cn1w,le....,.UOiU1h1111 inEùopia..U:-,.mea,nomichre ........M.....,,._ptfflaO,S..,G,ul.di impcpani i ~ in AJÌI Miflon:. Il ~ d o l l e iaule do:l~bçn,;l',t~fficialmali:"\emp,.)Pncow, MrdlhfR&IOinulÌlclffll':asbooi:h1 ...11a1ernf......,: Rndinnna_,,,·alnre.,MermenJ'-...,.illmM01wt·11traJ!<llenn.
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l)iSM,G11iliaa.o~Pffl"IÒdi•vYiare ... ~ - e e . l l u n l e 1 W nelbreg;.-diAdllia,doo.·e-riwl11....,..;,,1...,..;dia~polfflll!.' II Mill,.,.,l•drfiod .._po111o~•olutadoo111oill*'IC".CGlltftfteil COftlf:t*l...,.;~dqli ambicntidin. . .ideU'l11Liap::,I, . - . o,.,.a....-na.;.,........ .,..;in_.t,....... snmio l 91) - l ' i d r a d i c ~ ... ~ilo t lb'fun:ho• !Wf~ll...,dd:,i"'e•._.,cM'lboo~,ICtnlòriali', ., s~1luppll in 1111 cft'ICtftOO do ..~;...e diinnW' r: progc11; quali i . ~ di,... u.pcd,,lo, l'allarpn,r,Mo dd puno. Il .....crvionc di 11111 ferro-;. 600 Smimc,
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ltetta1.10Mdilffl....-.1iiollnl<ltktempft~r<10Sm1mc ,n lfftUctie .. ~ I I r.:m,..., 1· ~ e l o•(N...,lffllu die,lcm:ni,e k l . C _ , _ _ .. Mo11ed1'f'IOIC ininat.inardlbm>poiabom1e, ma ...... iadiait.,nddlalaÌl:li<lril""P"ffl,ilal....i. Si 1 rum ali elfffli. di H c1-aico Ba!lplO di pcnfflVione impmalioria di ""'"""'
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.!.bleunbwc>m,·cno..,.......,chcocmhn,..."1ibmoM11..,.__concmi-,,.,tu ledaclti e la QfflP<:firitlnc llell"Aw;oia-U•Jhn111, _,••_ ; _ . _ 1 ,iat,il,n, 111111 l)N)JN'l" t fcn.d' inll11CtV.a nellllrnedwlllll..,,,-.L"JWiasifffCrolllOtardiclcll',mpnl"iSII _..,filllnlilUJ!riaci. "'°";_,..,_•_roml"o.._ieo~I<", R..,.. ,i ri......... 1Elalin,,,~.,.,. 1·....-,di 1uclddluJl:liu191), dìu111.....,..,t,,
mediarioneledesc•!Wf· =Vim,..ariHnc,.,e. 11..,....q,,esllvolta.•llcproprie P " -· l'imp:ro.t,,,,p;,o ......,. p. ~ ....1-cr11-.b0..:-.nei l 90ll,s,:,u,, <-..-..clrn!all"haliale~pmti•dall'ortkoloVllclel pono,;lrLIITripliçe Allurm. Timoeiò che l"l11lil INlid 8a11110. ptffl, fw<JOIO IICCOfdl Vffllafi, mc:oov1ncolanueruaic..-iclelprevislo. ~pard.le.......,....diplornltia,pn)VO<il
•-di
unollalk>nellapene1radoneialiuamAIIIIMi...,fiooall'.,....cnlodoAIIIOnioSaLandni 1l11Praidettnicldromislio.il21......,1914. Qual, .,...ren., O, S. Giu.Huo a&!• F.akri,.,.. l""'fflOIR alle Colon"' .., m1niscro aperWnmM:.,..ileoalilq,nioenui.lieincfiac1•orienllmmlopn>ln1C11delbpolitll'.t coloniale ,111..,,._ FadillUdc, M.artin,. lnucmellrambMc_,.., , l,ondr,a Imperiali, q,-i'ul1,mopmp!l'l'unacconlo"°"bC',nn8Mrpapttstablh,elcmnrd,1nfli,mn,n AJia.M.-,comecn.twofMload l906netCemod'Africa.Nc,a~-awodiffioilc
-v111c-l)o SuGt11liano,anch',::cl1u~•LoridB.•lnllMll't"""',.,_· ~ .... filnl>llllllcoine~. l l d ~ i,...ic,e.lndìoonal-pocopmpn,1,1ad -alla'atioaidc!lo.....,,,,.,_, ..~-.i1SirR-IIRodd.lll'nlmcillorc1Roma.ua nwalfifflodrll"natitalo-irlpH.Rodd, 1diQi:mwodiùri~ chollo•v...._, ,-:edulo.coone F111<1citAMie.Cfl~lllooillliuo.e lo*->1111initlmdqli E.NmdiSuaMICSli.Sirf.doi.-.nlOrey,-..,lm-..11t1cot1flOrllidtll'l111ia.11tastMO<lri ....,;pm1rcaaw1,l.urdl.amdcM-....elordS.li.ti.y
L' 8CJDDfdo-lipraa,ll,alm,plicc. I bri1annoci1-to.t, ,...,._M"ll'NUdi Smi..,.,dlroi pa1i,al'.-c:alanwil~;,,1,......,.;1,11Sm..-Aidi1· W ~ d i r....,..·iaiu.lianaAdalia.SmirN:ffllnlvai1dil'fflaa:imp,1~a......,1laiqm.Tvt11...a. qu,ella-priffll\'CftlllJIIIIKllll~fflllaSocieù~,akondufmak e linanriaria, iwariaoll di l i ~ I• (cm,vil 1t1tiai-. e la C ~ bnunnica propnctar>odellaS,,U,,,.Aid111:il1r1110d1r«Tl>','1&IIIIÌIM..-.bbeJboeealOd-
JUllali_.,...ic.,.dim1....,ilpRll,l,nld,,llaQllllOOf1'fflll.l n ~ D i S l1G..I~ ddilllrll<:IXJnlo-N#-pcrffffl:1WCll-""""'_.po1mça c Qll(IJlefVC piÌI clllncffncrM 1N'c,q,llili..io del Mtdòltrnllto e Il ~ dell"orMJ:nÙ 1emlOrialcddlaTwdo.. cddla111&inJipmdm;m......,.._,a."'**all' ~ e a t l < l J v 1 ~ d t l - - - 1 1 1 e alt'~lf'ldualeckll',nftl>C'ft1;ld,:llal111p11cdd
prntipldcll'haliu.' L"e11M di ~ 1r111Mivc f11 iadnli..., per Di San Giuli-. COII sJi alkalli Mlln). ltdachi_lallln... ~llpcuibiliddì..,IC<'ffllow!l"A111 M1-:a,all(lf.,. l:lrCUpl 9i. La lffllionr clic....-. QIICnCftl.a pnwocli 111'.-.., della Triplice - ia0 liunqlw!1Cft71~c-hlll • ..n-,.e le •••hc,eopoliudic do:ll"lbllia nd 19.,. Ll,-.-"""-lDllw/Pa1N>dil..-Jru
La~dell°~italÌlll&inM>IMiaon::,'Cffll:~alk,..:opp;odclla P'nmapcnamondille. 1Umnmàaocaiplft..,p<lllaimpo,W*ncll'UU.diplomat,ca itatilnadinnlrle1n1111i,'C....,1·1-d'le1wn:bb:ropona,io.il?6aprilel91S,alll lirru ckL,-dil.ondncall' ........ i•pcnaddl' h•liaroii1rvi...,;C1<1lkali• Fi11dalll dicttilramncdi ....1n11i!iàli-dell..-0 1914, chc , ............ ... /M,,., almmu la........., pcuibilididi ,..camb,o,li allaa,c. Oi SanOiul,-11 ~ d i comunlaftal.Gndralavokmlidell' ltaJ1&didifendrft,woi'"'·IIIJiiollerelli".M111t..... 1 liacronlifimodallonrwgiunlii1Al1111<>11&. l'er l"lmpm,-,1..,.tp11M0,11.,._.--1n:di...,..pn)lp(tlivc: po1c>a
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""""'""""""' ..; IUhorc llllmOrt nduaocw ICffflOnlh; dl..,.:p,,., · ~ . . _. Nel primocaw le ndiic:tlc iulÌIIICalk polCRll: Mll"I. - - 1..-.dlberoait,ilGnood1ficRou; nd_....,11110l 0 llllil nfftmeav1WMOp,e1CRpcr"""";._11pn,pn1-diim!UE'IID
llno1 ~ i . . , , , ; . . , , ; h Adalil cM"11U11iaelma:inc...di..-nirioM1t11aledelle apo&1itddl'imJ,cro.l'l1alill\fflllbo11111e11<1idenilCffllllri, lll&IIICnelldo,a..-.;1~ itnpffituro dolle j,ol,e . . ~ .· Qua,oJlrOF!IOfflllftpafdufOll1inuiliron~PfVlf1llllllll'c:olonialedi Maniliemo, l"~d,L"llS..01wl11110dipranlore...,""°"°"fll'libno,nedilenMel;lffllle,....,,. <klt'l-..cl'11.1lia. l"unn..,.,... 1&p,a,11tura ~ doqu,111°..ili,.., illtio11olft1914,
vidc1acariModi,.........da!*kdel&O"fflOOilllÌMO, SidncyScMmno,dwio.lillllDiS...
Giulian,oollaC_..liadopounllre-ve"*"-di Sa1Mw,ra.pun1awtopn111,1uo•QICtlJcttil controllo ilalilno wll' Adrialim. i-iando wpi i lftlftini dri ~ roloniaM L'omoolo9iltli>anodiLo,,,drr,didtiar6cllel'ltolia1ndibe1,"1Mdin11a1_,...,_.,..
~";'"'*""" "'~~--1a,,,.,.-.,,,,J·.AJa1oa.ooir1,a1~ .,,_.,;,
.,,.uda....in~daùùhro.,,..._f,,n,Jl'ul;nd'._ _ ___ ~ ; . , - -. s; 1nt111wdi-li)rmo.ilamoho.....,ianilll-ioiwnc,li,;,,1a~.-..,,&oAda~1: ogn.1 ullCfÌ(Jtf: .cqu,i,iJ;IOIIC1Vftbbrdo\l*:>~di~roni""°"i•lie.,i •pcm "' rono,oallcnniuedocll a - . SalMdra .......,,w, Mlle we ---.e. CM l~ h «buoc, """*''°"' delle qunt111111 ,,nau~... • ~ chic!iloai fui.ri •llcal, _<kf,.;_ pN prcc;.. dri ~ rok,....i • ll' llalia.oflenmdopeNundiruqodapar1edi<l,q.' L'ambu<:iMorc.pur _ _ _ . , un colonialo<ll. iMiMeae '"°'IO a. SoMiOIO affincht ~ a.odiriooi chian, .,.,1 cMOdi ~ clclrlq,c,ooi-, ma la C-,lia fca ,ilw:rion, ~ in 'l"C""' 1CMO. Somomo rilffln'a che IJli .-.a.o illlhani r...m, .,fflC!Cftk'fflCIIII: tu1d111
<.lall' ~ - ~ " " " " " " " " - " ' r f f ( " " ' ~· c h e ~ .., e,q,iilihrio pariwio ml le po1ea,c alleale nel Mediinnnoo. lnolu,:, r,qa,,:a di ch,lldete ~~in-.pilrlitiprrl'c,n1ra1ain ........ drll'ltali• ...... i..t... . .~..,;-;1 M........, qli 1:.tkri. ,..-,;.,Ji ..,_, ... - . ~ d d ' m i n : - -- --- - - . - -·- · a11·11aliainAdrialiccl.•~.,uhcrimclcllllgli'"*"'iali.
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Gli a«tJnJi Syf.n-Pirol ., Le ~ i dò l ~ l i per l i . . . . . , . ~ cldl".-t. 9 ci1C11 i tlala!.r roloniali illll..ni li nvelarono fooodalc.. Mnln: ,-..,,,. le ~ v e con l'Italia per il carnbòodi alk:ann., Ml,_.4Hlprile l91S. le.,...,...,,.dell'l'*""SlavanoSii,qoziando ml loro 1a.,,.uz;.-drll'lmpm,_,,.,... l'n np,ni ~bili.queo1e nnai~e - - - - o . l l' halia,C'M-m,onco,a......,t,n,ddl'lllcan,a. O.., Rm,rpa. Fl'MCAI e R-... azi. ,.....,,_,., ~ " ' dtc uncm espliciwnc1* chc l'CVffltlallk1...,.,_,drlrhalia""'l'.,__•ndibepo1u10n,odificuc1J1icsitidi q ....... ao:,nli.• Meno canlf"'C'll'bik appar,, iinvea: la KCha lmffC l' llalia 111'...:uro dti l'fOlll'lli
di
alJeali-,lle...., ,Wlf,Qllltncli,._1wwpdJi:a.imrmbrodtll' a l ~. O,.-, ""'lJÌ'lmmlO nl'fhhe poi fawrilr:, il llilfondrni i• Italia del milodel ~campiono~ nrdno dalk&Jandipo1ew.cpcrpalolw-ac••llcalQICOIIIOdo.ba!UIOwl'*1'0dc11'lnlca•
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pc,rnillrorw~le-1eclcip,:,ompl~l'llfll'O'Ulliplo!Nticiinlenolleau.'
Vale Pffl'ÌÒ l a ~ 1alClre
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l•pi,noi,qo, lelnlnlltl>'etip,,olunt.Nonopo,)«lpmtlllO....:hchimembriongònoli
dell'lnlcla: il1*'0Syk.,..l'icul.clleridioqp,aV1lo, ........ ....diorienlalevenncct.:I-,
IOloil 14>.....,l'lf>.e~._,,,cho,.' i_coonl._e•ho;,•poanodl .-VdiGraBrffac,,a.f...:iaellU111io,..,c·-,, 1nn11r10,raltlow,;liùddl'haliooome allall.> en onan di clÌIDmavl:. e; pri,ni plMi di.I IOfffflO d, lloma al r.iro a11·i.n_ _.._...,., heio !lpefW'e: il24 fflllll10 l'IIS l' lulloadidliaròpmaall'AIIR'>I-U~ ma - allo TWl'hoa o,! .ila Oernw,i,a. bcndMf ~ lè-..e pre,,illO espl.:i- nel Pat1odi!....-;n""""""'--· Oalla1•••f>eC11vartaliana.qut11a1ttka-enfrvt1odi1N1 ~--"'llha>pl!fÌllpNWC1....,...leau.do:rivavadl-ditlicoii.poliricf,e
e.,,l...,.•lfllM"'lìndl.ubilo-~mondiolee-lc; d a l l a ~ .......r . -
,_ _via....,. .,·llf>eRl ~ d i e i plllti.e .....,.alle lftp,)IC&lltolavillolirplc pcrcKiudirftl'llali.odai.,.......colonoali - l' i d i : a d w ~ ~ ~ · t l a
..-.,,-c1c1nlllfN"'O--••-.lll!PPl"dich..,_,,.......c-..110p<11, ai,i.nva.-iorolannmlcbw:ami. lnfis.lr~diellell'Cp<*n4~·opp.,nutùu,d, ammcllcffl'ttaliolll!Wp)MIOcolonialr-p;.;.r- di'flMIIIIO IÌ .,...... lnp11n~;r,,u;.,._.._dwlaparw,;~italiaN.limtloq,u,.,._,;..ftbbc IIICfM>m~iluro-=uisail>anlantlh. l " - 1 v e v M O - P N ~ di-----illl-.po,chtlldnUn.cdi~ddl'odj1aJiua inA1oa Minnrc. dlAdllia wno Mcnma, "'""'"-. ~ aklat pn:wi,n<c
cholar,-ia.....,.i11eludirft,,.11a..,,.,...,.,.,.di..n-.1.ao...~ ..n• unap;,ao""""'più•r.....111.u. ... i.o,-inlNwlnralr'Hrom.rel'llalia11111U-,..·a p<IIAibolerivalrndMcdi-.dall'1l11onondudqn:a,1umpraaw,iullì.Y~
i11A1iaMin<w. poichtt>n:hhc111fMlidilllsliamo<:H1valifÌ"NleflÒ.u,,o,,hdlonqu,:- ... 11ucu.-do.....i..w..c..........iu<li.,,.vlll<al!1i.-naoiaaanV°'FrT'rha1...
maroi1l'mdi ridwnoallllÌlliMOlc-,Mfattaq11Q1'11hinw..e .. ....u..1eao1o 1..:apiw,dnlnrlf:ffl. Noa fu lìirilc.pcrladiplon,aàailat;........,,.,wquakhe lnlllll>•~en •
cono ..111.qu,:,iQ(:MmloolOllle.f11ooloowll'-ddl'II S,l"a:tÌe •.,.ielle....,.,.._, Mllla11Unpebn....,;a.cwhnperlll,.,.;,.., •...-.11111o. Aqu,,lpiaM0.101ÌlllnlriOllidi SonnlfWl.c~-•G.q,coafcm,adilllellU!'POf,l>:IOIIC, Cof'CY-ntaoche v,enno clelle 111111a11vc111ano.11a1eprm1m,,..on1uaontlaf'O"lloatdllCfllari,,,n.,_d,el' llaloa -,,hhe--at-dn0Dnlfflltl1k>lodopod1ca_didlwnlo..,..111,111i inemic,clelrl-·
l.e didiillruionidi • ...,..1Tun:hiacClftfflllll•.,..-ro.ri,pdll-~2l...-, l'HSe~ 21..-1916. F11dllnqw....,.,.......,.,lmpcriali <Moi~1G,q-il28 ..-c1e1·11>.a111,·1111Qdlc .... f t u i - . il n1111n1U10drtliloCCOldicoloaÌIIIÌvet1illt
,~la111all'ltalia.Ci,q-loacwl,cco,,bencwolfflu,. Non1RCK--chc1~; _i,_i_.,..mloitiali.lilhl, -•fflpaprimo: ..J-,.,;.,ou;,
,..,,.,,,..i...,ufM;,,u;.w.,Qwk:llc,CU'JIUp,oìlllnli. 1111_,.,,,inconuotn,IM~ lmpma1o--.pi•on--.-,;1,e~annoio.ui-diano:
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eirriw'.ione. Sonninocn1N1fcdclo_,..-,.ddladiJ>k-,iadi~OIIO«nlCKO.e 1cn<1e,,-1 • m... di dioipn,uo. il ndo dcli" ~ pubblica neo ,apponifninaaoai.Noacapiàie Mhilin: .... magmcmpatlafnl"llalliac i _,. alleali, pmmllOYffllk> la l"ffl1I e ali alòrn clcl po,ex all°eaem, n"l'd,hc polMIO morin:..,. mil(liorc pn:vi,Jp,miLOW dello r • .imv,,11 e dcll'(Op1ione pubblica inglr,,e. ~ e
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Q,,n.!O afurm~--..--"'...-11.-,.iw-,naucome 111m11offCIIÌ\'l.cn..-..piammlc1illliicala,...:llclCiJ*S1allclti. con11:1N111ucm, di CV11q111tt11..m11N10drl-..m,cpe:,•diS.landrl, _ _ ..,. 111m14i ,ibffazi0nc" - ladd<wcNIIÌl~ ..lriJ*'!"hclfiscnr,11 ~ , . . . .r i M I I ~ .... .,.,.,........,,., d ioriti prop,ondiltn. a dipwltt,m Il pro,,ril p,cm ,-m ...l"cnaiv1t, per rffl"ll)lllll«l'opi,,MIMpubblica. ll n1011!MoclcU1miopiadiSonninorillJle'1()1lprobleml clclla pnlplpllda all"dkro fu dio l'llalia m,_ ..,.... ...,Ilo Mefflllipo della ...none ''tnidilmc", •moct,,....,Hia", e "lauwlbilc". ~ p,--= colonia!, illllianc, che "' au,unscnoo • q,..lle Ulalichc, oon fateVIIIO dli: oonf......., l'IIJlla"'IIIC i,v,nlipll dcll""11l111111dcllcpllllli p,,lffllC".• U1"111lenorcprublc:ml lii lo11nKiwdi ~ fn 11 pnma.,.,.,rm:n.n1 inrcnlte,,11 dcl 1917, • lt<>m1 (S-7 scnnào) c Il conlèmu::a .. .._... (2') p:mu,io-1~ ...-,,.,1 in cui "'1ffroo1ò il pn,Mmw, roiooiiak. A koona 11 .,.....,......., m11i...., ~ i - . Uoyd (ìe,.qc. prupmc por la pnmo mlii .... .tormcona111n"' dq;li Allcat1 oul fmme ilaliann. fi111Jin.11<> I pm,, •:iw ,I m,1.lo ddl"A...uia-UllpfflL Stnqicamenle. cn una , _ . . . . - . d1e offiiva 1111& !"*ihiik tol,uw:me allo ~lo dd l'rooMe oocidtnla~ Lli,l)d CiNlrve ,.; Òpo,le\o'I l(fllnclc fiducia NIClie p(f'Cbi•• CM<l di Yillioria. .... Nret:,bc ...... ij dnnilq(>. LII,... p,opo,11 l!l*llò ra:uoo11 _ . _ ,, UIII' CldotN, Cape, di magoone. Ji d i - f l i ~. U11-1llewl. al,._,~11,·(ibriiamòciol'f'ri.,.....JOO u lll'IOn1di Jll'CUOC11libro."""'"°ul dlcp,ù..-.valldJ'.-nci1<>ilaliann)Nmlbe stlM:l.,...ilo. SoH•noera -oontrtrio:<Oftd,vidercoon 1ti 11"91iuna ,·innri1
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ffll""l<llolc11h1mcd1unlun,oclencudi10U>4icnnl1richiokilalianc. U11 IIM,mo problema pc:r ~ &li eliU diplomatici ddk confcrmtt ut1erallc:Mc dd l\117tqucllosm:o. Lapoli1icodoll 'I wcnolaGoteif.fflldivÌA r.-=oni..,. volta. !'l"'ll• ai lltl..,-.., • 1. ellenico Molcdcoco, Laddo,,r ali ahri oliali f a ·- - royrew.;,v Primo minmro [lcl\bcnoo V.:.W., O,. f'enKwlauto pitlon:oco e ambi111<1. \lmi,ck... twa'll llll onlhi""*' proiicnori,...iu,..,...;., il c ..,..,..,..._.,..,.........,~c-;...,..i"""'"'-.1raKÌIWc laO.cd1 in &Mtrn al filnai di.Wlnl<M c,J apaadcfn,,; p,...-limenti io l:pim.""" r.ga;.,.., w pc,Nibol,,. di Sminw. I.e ~llcric di G.., Bfft-. fnn:ia t lh.aia fa...,,;,...., il .,.,fW''F'i<'"db ~di"fqll,.,tcun n.....1111ir.1o: l'llllu loooieg,a,·a. po,c:W le .,.b,~ÌtftÌ d, \.'mizcloo t111n1~ano in diretta romp::1o,.iunc....., ili ÌIIIÉftt!Ì iW,.,, ne, BalcamtinAsia Minorc." Q,la11:1<11Unnah ddfen:n,,o n,;,1111 vioioncdtl probl,,:ma ~ oi......, ,.,_,,!Qak in pid,o all'inizio ddla <Wlll'"&ftl a S.lonìa:oiotiohre l\llS). Alk nchlCSIC•llak di '*""'ipa,iorlckll'halia,ROffll ••l'•11mpos1onqati,-.mcr,ic,111a l""np,llimihwi(l'~diCadomoo~forze•lmffl11«<ftianJcbt
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,.,._,..,nmor-c1nol' lbhapr,lt\.. alli.-ndi:n,dllC',corJaClemmocau. l'inflNiliv1le ""°''O Pmno m,n,111ro fnni.,-. dcuo -.1 ugrc" e a<*> pn la f"O o.&ilìlli vena l' lulia. o da Wii-,ij paladinndeli,,IW'.><... lòtii "~ ~. Ap,,uicnnelel:UIC.lalli,millidòvodule fra0ri...i.,.,s.,,w,i...,ondd,oll l'ozoonc diplom.li<:aibli.ana:ilprimoenproN<>1ndum: le p,\"lftè lfl O.lmana, 1n cambK> dò lfflll fiume iuhana; 11JeCOnOO cn l'f'l'IIO I rinancian: alle aspirar.ioni roloolali .. ,;ambòo del MpttlO lcn<nle ddle ~ adnalichc del P.uod,l..ondno. N1M&W10....,due,....,,. i llOIO. n111Cinelpropi<,in1cnio.cfMancon1una ~olla l"'l'ffllllt nel ...,..Clt'b,: 1919• .Jmsumcni !'........cdi affrontare l'uhi,,,.,, cvmpla,,o nqo>.IMOcoloniak.
Eaor,allUda,..,,l'iNcoatuJl 'Eriopio,MIII.INSlldtll ' attòldodcl 1Qi06.la frt.nt..,.. qiziMM>.clR.'IWC.I e le q,,corioni del GiubaLMd e d1 Smirne. Oli alleali lmncro per ,t il mMdMowllenroloniclCdctche1nAtnca. nfflUO"fflOUdr/,-. l'llffirolo9 Mi ~"' di Londni.c=-•ll ' lt1lialOlu-lim11a1a ...... d'influocna1n}uiaM,non:che inclOOCvaSmira,ce..,.Kriocil .-ieni. ll cunlrollo d i Rom111<llarcs1011Cdurò.,,......,d11n: ann1:11<l1111111,oolcl 'l2, lafP'WIUponc1bh11na<1rw1fflakod1p.TviaMllasucmi~ ~=iRaino. l..li.ced1t..o.amadcll923 1n1•finoaopi,pani,m.u.n..... M1LI
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GUERRA AI VERTICI: GLI ALTI COMANDI ALLEATI NEL 1916. John Gooch ~· ~ 1111,,ae,,cn.1, P"*"'01l c,,,maa,;k>delladl-dtllaperrs.N<,I ~ 191SJofl'n:a,·ev1-.c11A10ol mi11ÌIIUVdcllaOuana. Aleundre M,Uaand,d1c""" 1 ~ ~ - ~t,ile. NOflcieni riHcilo. M1il 2 ~ . ~ l \ , w 1 11111lonad• P'C*""'d11...,....,l>Ofldun'e l1pctn,KJoflttoil mi,,i,irocldla &11ttndo
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c-11a~-*""oco: «...iooc.:a,1M111- 1 po1ilki~J COÌlr\--o1ti nella d - - - , . , : a ~ dw: la pcn,, ... 6"" a_, _ _, L'Allr, ,ro,n-1,:,tw,IMfflen, ,..lle,...,.._dill<Jh.,n-cllai1,. li ......,....,..,. Ìlll 'l'l"ldi....,. II oompitodcll'Allo_,,_,.,bn_ocu · dle ll ........licr,,._..,_,...,.., . en_llodi ...-..m..,... laOcnnuua c. DDM r.:e.w.reou_,, l'indipa,denzadd Dripl e onmcn: ldmar,:.........,pcrl'aa-"'°"""a.lla11 pardavaallon> .........IO ,a"""""'moll0 din:ffi e pcn,no ,emplic,ttiri. f.&lì credeva cM il -sr-k ot.,,,uivo della pnn- foue .... libeftnnnrdtll"-llidllllalPIUlia ~ ·- p,ùlafdi, ~ ie '-1'...id'tandoJ IIS..-, au:-"""1'..Uk.,,..,.,.,ancorap,ùlffl«'C'&'la&iwwle...-ow1n 1iom ffll '1"nnk11a .icua dc!rlqhil!Cfn COOIC """ione li.....- _> Ua «-1pl0 ~ ri,chi « < ' V 8 ~ IIN)•fom>MW"""""'rl,i,polabaaa&liadclbM.,...cfinoal 1916. il l"'"CfflO l'nncc9cd.aachmpoco ,....,; nhiettovi hdliri e 'l""I c ... Wl.-.,v1 bcDt all' AIIO comando frucae. Nel docflfflbrel9 14 d l'nlnommosirokcné Viv,ano~nl ,11111Cleodiun.,..,...._ di p,,cr; il m.-ui:uodclk,.....-.-pc,dutc,b......,.,,K>Mdcll"illdiPffldc,lnbdp.1n-.imcftl, c l' llàln.-dcln,,ht_,._r-vu-.Ne1....-cmbn:ddl91,. tfidatodl""dcpuu,l<l s«ial-, r e t - ' " ' oSl"ide,,d1 - , ~ d1Vi v - Anst>de Rnand, 11 hmocò • n """'._..., bl'Ql~dcll'AIJ&eoa , l.on,na e l'llldipendc,,,add Belpo. U _ _..lb-.dcldiocmbn: 1913, ""' "iNvw,,)q,,..lsoalid,_put,t,lìo,,.,II• ~ o ..,k"tnlmodclbor-c,.-.c,._1·,wen,,111hotd,_,,dilnlll\C'ni!1 11tt!'C k : ~ 1
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cr111chc111dò chct'AII0 ............ 111v1f1Dffldoconll~maochilcdcllifnnaa. l.a tlrlltqjadi lolm: •I 191Sc'IIIClll<lewi Alticomar,d, 1llco1i ..... l"l#i I"*""....,-., fa,cil....,. ....1111enrli-chm0oinlofflo.• Gli obtn,..-, ,h ,uern ..- . . - IUii chiariti al m,nillrodql, E.Meri. s.rono... Ile! 1914: il ,OlllfOllo dosi•-, -Uit, ndl'f...,,. orin,W,,. 11111 8otm11 iod,Pf'*""w. ,_ Siberi111lb,p11.,t1Ml'olontloani-inclipendenkcalllrpllcilmntrollo<le1llar\lM,tlli. L"obio:ll,vo pm.w,n1edcl l'll6cn..lllWnllrnrn1c.'111"llodiaoo:~iarcilo:dao;;h,e 1li....in.,. ...-.pril:icbollol.'1UÌ.loa:idmlale. SohamoC..,,.,.1vc\'111A1dich-·-.,..,.-,11dcgl1 1Cop,percu,N1rlc1111earmak•......,romh1t1moloiafonaclcll'atlodilondn - octibeno ,ru.w- ,~111c1qnmmo,,r~.,.... ,.,.., ..n;,,,..;.,....,.,ft,IIICfTMlfdrllbm> boopo<lelrllMIOi1aliano. Gli Alll romondi ali..i oo, l ' i ~ lo l)Oab,,liù di elCOptm: ...,. Slrllq;II on 1rmunid1 p,n luaica militare. propnooomcdovrriihe .um: - 01lmn,oCU1J ,...._,...., , lfflffllij . NfJof!RM~1111m'lnO l kimdubboochccl1100\UKdinlffClap,rm, r.........,inoil,llri•CIP"*1.liahiooonandi - do:è.:uncfu. - . - - " " " R ~ lc ~ , m i l i w , ~ l a li11C1difondo. ~A..:Ma,c ._ ;• ..,....._pmac"tmollodl fareper~n~llpoh1ica oi.diplomaDa o on""'lunqucaltn:imodoi.soWJ8hl choamamo. ~b...:0 Il pll...Jiwo Charir:,o i Coon l~ftllOII nell"o11ohn, del 1,11,, Ml lo S1CU1>tcmp0q1Aiunq,...wu,·enpflllldcvc--,inurnoni1conla11n1C1""'· Llcou pci,...,.,.-do1unecn MLa....,...rùP"•ilpoli1òcodi~l"-d"anncM.' .lolfn:. chcllo,cmpn:dt.,,,uw1nen:inc,.,.~""'ipal11ic, civil i cilelcd;.,.,.inc1inv.ioil1 p,,1i1io:hceallnnl!tdc~pnnc,,pal1se,,nal1fran,oni,rondiv, . . . . . 1 l c ~ • c d , ~ m1diw11oin111110do, ...,..ooddJ.fwe,dcMclniliei1••hlld. C011 il .._.;odi""cHm1 poliuoom,,ooimru1ivo ... 1Jl "C11CmOche1.WinlenoodcW.,._-n:,1o,t:lllorun11Kl11CMtt aba,;lagJ1t1111...i1eipohtici.,..liui6nchii!luicloro-furorw.>10pn1ffllliaClj'IO<fflO.
c,-,u;y SUI fin,redf:I 191, J,offn, Ji lamentln~hc i. .-rane,.,..,-. ~~ldu i.pcm datola. I flPIIOl1i n lui e il C.-Jan1e in capo ,_,..,le delle afffllle hritannochc i• Fnncia.1ir Juh• ~-n:nc11. eranotta1, lo'ti~lc rela;iioni lrl • llnl,lembnvanoeMffl'ondioclino. ~~ io
d,_,,., ......,..i.....o,non ~ di,c11.....,-.,;,.,111 .;QPIUncVll il capollcU.mu....,.,., 1mlilan: ,__ ,I lfflCl"lk Zhilink~.' Tu111~111 ..,11c, ~ i roodiunenlali c "era ICCOfdo L' Aliocomandobn.........,n-,-. c11ei.Gmn.!L1d<o>·rueC'IICftdcciAmm1caoonfi1t.1 c 1ll"inirio <lel 19 16111Cheil 1JWffOOhriW>n,oollpraoa,·1coal. Tcmendoche .., laO...-ia e •h'1' (n11nqoe,:ilka1Clpool."1U1eroll-~NMll'imenlocntrol1fi11e<leH"umo.1 l n111l1MO-"""'IUltoW11,-c......,.._,IMdcnlc. WF..t..anJ~ c~ - . d,e pc,- 1<>·Òlare chcciò a,ccadcucera,__., ~......,1i..,duramen1eiledet<.1 lincipìmiono mtt> d,
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ro,i;1,,_.,no,li,r,:oll'(*Ìbileo:,iesl'-0011l'ohicttivodi0ffefteff ... villttY <kcisi"" e quindi dewon: i -,iiermÌlaidipooe. pmhlbiin-urn,nooamtì 1mncludrtt JUtteN,Ì\--~imoddisf-,chel'fflderidic:auevuennll"'*"'..menai iMOllcrabileit.' Kidlcnerpe,,u""chooelaOcn,mia-r-11a11.-mualtavolodi ~ - ~ , _ n n t f t l916.t'r-ffl1Ule~~--~IÌVll*'f.spl'Cillfflflftlt pcrl'lnJl,illern.",..-,,çhe,elofUlflll'ftcncho~111at'lmaao-itodach11 ~,:,,trolafiMdcl 1917.'°Andoo:.loff'n :_1,_,, ...bbia,ifondomer,lalidcllo1YnTIL. l'kllt,e.-clll1dt1 frorlti pr,..c,iJ-1, ,_.,......dotN sco... sv,iu,p.,do,k>lo lal'...;il eloRu,ai1oo,,u,......,Pffl~1 - elol'~•.,.,.-..la~.l1Gc<Tuaildevc.,_.., oconfim,elo l'nnc:ildt,,-.: f1flo. lll'rancia.dic•...OJorfn:•n·.,.10t1n,dcl 191S,cnM,1 pn11dpalc-roopcnt,-'OMttJC'R'IÒ1lpotto 1nn,1M~c,:w1.-., 1c«c1tt ....
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1-.otlemlOriollln<lMb." CorncffWll1da "'-""'fiu,:tt i lab<hi7 Quand<, lerapp,a,cnlalv.e miliwi dqli allali N incooowono I CUnlilly dlii I, oll'I dotcmbn:. luUÌ t qualln) gt, Alti fOfflalldi tnnO d"ll:nlfllosul flllochr le 01l"<MOYCn1111<>111'ord,..del 1iomo, L"ini1:i.i,,.1 -deve N - ~ al onnomc IOlo leo~,.., 1,·rd,bno...ia.n,o il loro comune otoii,niwo: Come koi:M:rtl<,n fece -.re lffll'.l lroppi I'" di la dismu'°"" dcll'.,..,n,ilO
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p,,rok.-c'cn"aklampnn,.11chc 1l -,1111>0c1an.:hni1eccneotiamobuoni."'' Eaai 1vcvanora,,pou.,deiPftÌ""''~,.""*11'1delbo1omp<>.s..:-.l<>C"""-i1:1: e Ardam~f"iat.lt""'gporipcn:lill:Ji..,ff'n,...,Cll*tdo...,nttcihl,conf,uo,iriun.... •• f.ui..-lllChed'ICOJJ<l>1Utla atttflliddìtaUfll'\'lcrilcnoennnid,c l'"madiUcnve 1'111a«<Jd«ÌIIÌ•·o . Cio)sua,i_.....,_; ,1pado d1...,.....,..,lltt0Rloeno c>6che Rohcnoon ch,.,..vailprobkml ptlncÌJlele· ..quando.OO>"Cc""""'tiraK iahatloltriKnc pel'JC1)f'lfiggettlenNf\le_ic,.... M 0ov.............. - . . - 1 ì n i , ...iadii'/ .loffn:ponò1ChanliltylaMntcs.. òcll'aia,,w.., pii, lronti riie ...... •v,...,.,,..., ...,_ il 191S. I.a lo&icadi llle cnc•;..cktnphç,e, o,('...,11,1111quo,111Jlaedu111n11llanei•91111CMYa.loffiencll"eMMe
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dl:I 191S • ciMaono oilllen sii alai: ~ _ , . . , . ~ d i rucirc • ~ l e · • - •. ...,.indif-.,..,,_;o.,,etuni~.· q,iilldì-lc pn,habilila d,e .._ 0 l'Mm OCleflp ,I......_... Ollft d,e p e r ~ &li IIIY_,,j leda<lli il piianpdl..-pmoibilcronlNllplC'm;,,campo..,.nuc.:aocilinidalu,l'rivm ~cbtlpcheOfn!P11.._,leMl"t11Jivcd,~clell915--Pffll,lle....., pcrMlllate i. R_.. e l'halla. '"1.."obifflnoo pri11e,pakwd,:U'oflèmivadiAn\lir,(~ lwdio 19U).a,n,e.Jolr~&. 11'ocll.cn,._di.,._..,1 "'-o«idl:alak'1rte c1,e,.,._.;,..._,1vicèbctopoMulnooipfJINn!..ir........-.cdi~ d,cl''*"'ilc>itali.oa,·. . . .i.,ianuadicooi1\/CYabitopM.>...-ildl:lica10pcoodl, di i n o b i t ~ c ~.'" Quts111-,;.owNIIIIC'll11o._.. r.alliio.•• p c r . -...... MR--,e......,ill91Sai""*alicrmillelec_Ktllln>_ _,.
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-wco1.,... ...1viwlw.'' F.KflbaM:al<:llli.1-dctdllllbi ..11cauec.lpKilà,-........... mn:dciCOfflllldibri11rmOO,frantac11ilali a n u l w l l N i ~ - Ì I dutibio l'imp,ru,,amwp,:r,dclla Riauilll. Il valon: dd COOf'dillamemo -anmi ··-0\l~IO per la SU,'l'U , - . Ùffrc .I lmpcdÌ~ "&li I...,..; <'ffllAlj dÌ ulilWM'C ile loro linttdlll'o•ICfflUpcricunfi......, uodi,idlal- aJ1anaa;h1 n c m , r i , ~ .u.1...... c1o-i. .... r o n a -· - ...,......, • ......,...,v1M1Uio.Ncl~marai 1916. l .061.000toldal,_ledctchi•lf,_.,,,,., l .712.000.-..• ...,,......,.,_ .. ..,.pq,......_JolfreP'Jl'IÒ •a..li!ly_..,.. ........,dolla bMutl1.1.Ndl91~.•conodicaaon,pe,iMMi...·im,~dillf........,lc l;..,.ncmid,c condllccniloquclMchedo.Mva"t.llaaliaCOIIIÌllllllw. U, olfenN•c1nC11oaonpas,w cAIUI Il ~. llOUCMTY. . ..... , 1,J lt
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neiw,:,noil.....,lwn. All',...,.;o,;ld 1916.l'•vc...,pcrfc-11dl1dollrinllOdla"btllU&Jia - M l ~. ll ...... icovend:tio:illdeholi10dl ... ...,.,dip,oc:n1ct.!tq10!Fffli...-ì d,op:, lcq,.ali l'-prilldpale.,.l"l'bbtod"ondltolchl!Ne riemid1co._..1o ,1ro1iOCll'nvenaio a CMH.a olclla pre:saiooe ..-1a1,..., S.., QUQ1u pu,llo lii t •crifiallo un 1101c,,·oled!~.L'Al10conlllldobribnnka1vn11le...,.ida,.K.Khetlcrcltohrmoo, ~D<llcbrc"lin·-.r.ac.-,apaw,o.tml'llflPOQ.IOddl'll'liJlienapcsanlc chen·..,.,...mininoimMOlepcnliic.Conupc,volcliellancccaiùdi pi~pcuid'ort,wliaia per-.,Jli•IUIIXlli,RobeiuonUM.itta.1,poooprwMdoll'off....;vaolclbSommo, di - .pn..,ai di indwn: il ,overao• penMnO •""" ~ olfffliiva clic pn,.n,;u,,_ cfft:1lidiMnpiapoN1a>o. llait,1'""idoc di-.lfflffll&Ì .....,l.imnùncnlcbe111Jlia..,11a Sommcin1refai: . . , . r - d i ~ c h c 1 ~ fin"""_.,..,_J111,ruo1e ._,..,.,...,lllffl>ic:operladuratadicm:a1reocttUIWIO,cquindilahettqliad,o,;w,·achcq;li
c.......,a.,.-rfflbep,.,na&olllo•rondamttt1o.'" Nelle: alle .rc,e dçll'Aho ,;.,omaM1o fnn,;ac vi d-.:ooli fond1mmtoli Mllla ~ ~ M l di Jolltt. N c l l ' - del 1915 Pélain pcnu,11 elle aual1i muh,pli 1V1'dlhcfopoMOoan,,reoaòchci,oln1dn,,_...tf.,....._.,,tpt'mk)"'""'-1111"°" polc......, farallroche ~ il llntllCO(n:(011lemenl) dolila .... _ . btifkata»dopo dichclD-,.o~-~lodi~~ia111CM!1fK>apmo. Aneùofflllle OCI 1916 cpi cro,J,,,va che e, ..,et,bc Mala e no,, aYl"Obbc powloCMm.'Ì una beti.,Jia
ckci1iva:•n--11lafinrarridaiall1 pa,1cchcditpomd,,11'11hin1..,._,• Nc1 ffll&JÌO 1'116 dovfflc eam: inv11110 da Joffn: 1 '"unifomwrsi~ alle diffl6v., ck-1 Qrancl lfUMlia-snml. OcCMldn111,oon•1nl0,1llafinr ck-ll'll~.cllelaF...,;.f,_"'ndoaa 1 una pcrr11 d'.urdio .., 1e1i. rqMJftalc~. diMe a loffi'e llmll metti lmmni ncl magio ck-11'115chcno,,ciaardlheMM1-~i,,M111vadeNl'CbbebMllll1pom,linc alla pan: • L'aa di A....,..ilt.i fi ......." In ICJUIIO Fayollc. che Cfa il upo.llo _ , .....,_.di J<)fh, Pl"'ll'•I che uno sfonda,nt,Modclla Son'IIM foAc fwri qucscionc, CfflicavaJli,.,.....;di,Jollttdianacan,loCIU'.a~evokvllchelc~bKl'O ~eilwcrv:allaleperCDnWNin,checifoucillempD-~· ade1JUM1,. 11 C'ennodi,·erpn,:,e anclle 1n1 , francai e &I• ,111,..., 11 Gnnd ~~ mene.a clw il mclOdo di CUIIIIII di nfforan: il Tm,tino ~.,cci.a• .,cciii~ 111)11 avn:bbc: DllmUIOi ...... lLati,pcn,ti.fq"""'°inlu&Jio•m~bnoti7.i,,chcCldomalYC'o'ldl:cilodi f"'1ilìcareilTraKmo,.,.wcla-olfnivaM1ll'I-Joffi,,,;t;cd,,......,.;a1 ~lrdimllrpmcnlndidin:aCadomochcrillavn.,bb,ocao.-odci"diu&i~."
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nooi-«eidmlalclnllc.,......i di~eil&ltifo•meù1i"P".lbidcroaocli"""°"'""' i-ialofioi, ilJD"llfflllclkwikwsiolfn ......... pe,lanciue""uucmdiwnn."tlMII frunlc...d-ovct.l Qu,ldoC<llll'M iaoOO ~ 11><1-, Il Fnncia e l' l111ha "'"'""-' "'ll""b lpptlli 1111111:-.ia pn dlicdi:re .;,,ID, Alcuc,e~ broalolà. Lea.e cnm>OCOOOOÙ ellltiwor,meali italiani .........,dur1cmic:n:,er.opica.ll ~offcnsiva..,.io. francacdellaSommer,m,l,el'omi1Dil_.,;ono~hfdipioì,s)iAlt1C<lffllndi alloooli ••-dlicdmdoallaSlll.....,di r.,., ...,.,.-.t,,...c,11111 ..~n1 ,adicalaJ.:l,,ku.o ....i , ,,11,,..., ddl'ortiiJI"""' pnank, l 'ffCCW'.IOnt di un 111aero ,mmedoalo t .,....,.....,_ -pwcmopromct1CrCii1-cponem,btQO.U,,cmtl\lOOl!Cd,:I-S--in a,:nen,1e>o.'" Cib-t11n101t)1_.,.ord~alllrw.ikwdiafcmin,..,"'*'"'c•tt,,coo ...,.,.,..,,.,cheoadlbo-arpi1<1tuc<:cNi-d•W.-pnn,;1pM. Bnl•ilu,,,a•«Ya~111o7Mdlcavrdlbc--ed1Me1llaz..ri,..chtavrebbc t<.'OftflllOil~cnb'O lalint•11·-.1.. - ~ - - i1-t pwpo.llapn,d,Jbo ,;p:lllche1n1MOricohacl•fl.iw:>•tapiùbril.... ,·illorio dellapma"," C i l l ~ che q,an,o divisioni ~ l'Io,,- lnllfl!rilO dal Trauino. dando wd "" oonuibulo -.;...i., e INiiMlu Ili.o n...cu.a dire.. dell'AMaJo e all.o pNU di Gon~"' 4-. I*"' di Caduml.cp,,r!Òlctnappc....,a,,-..de,Cwpa,;,.n""'"'"°1Ulf'mnlca,do,;c1dn11alc n,unti,1110fll\'llloalOdal111m1AOailfnwt-.l.OOftl'ofkmì""dtLGencnlcEvcn,dlC, dopo1111ritardo.dlbc1ninoil21qhocfun,pida,ftCMCfma.NIUIWchci..._,hiOO!)OlleÌ pniffllftOPNcllclKuridi11-.cria«-:nu11.~w,illi...ic.:.fuim,ca:ritimadal fnon10ocadcelalc,ptm61'olfcnsnca ND1"""~1.i1a•na.»•ia d11:ll11Sc,nim,r,clo,,,c tcnc dt•·-,lcdao:IICnlUClnlnOlhfflllln:l'.-didi<:......,,,.edi•asiorlif,.,..,..;c bntannicht1-11W1CÌ11111didi11oorc!:n Lo~~dl'illukuni
La1tr11qiadiChMlilly t rabÌIIO..:.-, dalrOa:idmcccÌlls,..patcpn l'Ottidenic. Cibd,w..-~.....,_qiando,,_lalincdei.,..m,brc l915,Ab,-yknc va1nea..0011 .... •tniontdi0lnllepa.conecntrica c-,l,ilaocn,lc. l.aSllld,a,,.....,..,cli oppn:,lit1andellliif'Nwoncd,s..io,,,içwp,crlancian:w,'oflcnsi""a!flp,nUnci1Wcan1. Lc.,.,.lillen.ue_.rrliberupcrwno,OOcht\omelrillfl90.,...~M>•Oudatldn1m1n:di«i .....1ebn1a11111Choe lnnccli""""""'° rolplo>'ffl<l lll:irdÌlldi~l:ludapo,,li:-tmdo daSalo,,i«0,~C<*laria•1m-lloita...... ,._vienna.1tohcnaon,dlcaw,,• 1imoilb.bni.....,..,.,;primadctllipernecn:dcvachcncuunpm,tÌIIE..,.kw« "mmof•~•ll'ol'ffflttva" dclLIISerboa.fflloonllVM>•Salonitto11ndall'in,rio."' Jotfn:ffl!wntrlrioall'indcbol,_ddliQnieoccidenalc,cloSUIIOMagioRfrancae ~nw l'ideldi,-pande&lfCM1nda!Ralcanionmc.....,...._..,,lec1...,..;bik.11111:ht 1causadelllipoorioMffllb1lkoca,pac,daOemlaaiae,._,..~."' Qulll>do la Sefbia ,;,ro!W, 11111 ..-,io 1916., poliuci bVV...., ...,...._,,.............
"'Jianepnl06lffleffilame-Sarn11.s.1icoaicco:ponaiellill-iaitia-, Joffi'e aaproMOavcdcn, 150.000aoldalilllbtidiMUn lLttaolo1._..poNIO.....,;npn,n
Gwm.fll....-nd. <ìl/AWC-..d'AU,,.,itte/1'1,.
vollc-dim,ppe .....lCM. l\"""'""'punlo.~-ffll~IIMCIICopcnlDOlli 01r.,,.;~.d,.-cakola.-a~ridoÌDlolnili00.000, , 10D.OOOankloc1 Md......, dcl l9l611Su,..bf«t•111n111<n1a1iw, d1ri<qu,litnttll~diChaolily~ che ..,·offcnlM atlau da Salonicco I Sofia 1...-ct,bc llglillo il kpmt In lk:nino e C:oa1an1,a,:opc,l.1 emme m,nimo1,TI:'l>hc -...:K c bulpn:., ~ I lronle. Jolmell.....,,_fwonod"..,......: -ci..dlbe11MOalcunindcbolimcnloJi
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ll -diBtm.......,11ffon:oll,.......,.,v-,..,·~~-i1110~indircta,a,1r 111111ria-Unpcria.r.-..:bbc_,.itoinaaicallafi11e1•·n:bbcf1no t"lllnicfflpanllR...... C:....... mor.vom<o1c1~,·lrianl,:dtlll..,._,..dì Chanl,Uy.~ia.-..te-loen. Sollanlo~....,.,_ .. ""\laoo-...,l,iirr-i pn10Cipali· r,-,cbbc...-,laOcmwnia1ICGldm:1pani. fino1 ........ IIR.,.,._ia _ r..- .... ~ooiaw,lu,adç,onllitlO, -ci..dlbe.....,UC:....nm..v11llcala i , , : i ~." Q,aandolallomaniafiMlmc,,IC 1nw,r,cnnc.dM:hianndoJUICIT1lall"A...avu.,,.....;1211..-..;IC'Cbchi~--OOll-oglinlpsi,11ifi'lncai.ul 1\-oillc ocadmlak e .. .,,.. .. quello onenwe,"""'"' le 11\lw,: alleale""'" ti UUVIVIIIIO 1 Salonia:o crwm lnlfll'O deboli t uoppo lontaac pn ~ !"equilibrio in lom fa\lOl'C. oSfla R,_... .......,.,~,1...,.on.tt(l~o~IOlo 'fll,lltNll:ttirnanel'"""", a,mc:_.,,,.,.,.. 11,11orico..-...O RIMk>lf K"1l... dopoll....,...,.-dibcata1o~ inop,aihilc CVllal'C UN CIU>.lrufc n,ilitarn."COfflll" l'Ì iR .,.,._,. nei Bflkani Il 5lnil'pl di~iRto«O<SO-IIIINIÌ-ptaoil • ... IIMIJalsodnla~.......... di(.,,,_j//y
c.., r,nt...- drlll t.llaslil della Soonmc. 1•_,,,; dcll"off".,,.;.-. di l:ll'lltik>w e lo -.Jlo d,c:11'°""'*>'1 di f.>crl lolll f - r,,:.-.l l'Alto 00IIWldo NIMI lliYCMC ICfflPIC pii, 1CONCn10 della "" ~ ntlla llffU&il di Ctwililly. Il .,...mie Zllil"'*Y. capo della ~ ..ili11ttnua, nfM 1llaSll..ta: ..I fi,"'"8i-po11110110(Ml1BÌC,,letlliinsJc:r,1
- oOjll-. Alr:uft\olilunmuiv1drl fanochcalllRuuilcn .... c11u11_,,.....,;tiù delll ll-ia,1Nclwla--dilrrm cmun,.....,,,t,q,,ca1·•1ti,...SOpli6ao""dicll hu•moobhl;pu lld .,_.,,,IO:I\O ~cal,;u1gdi ~-,;fico. 1.- .... ridlisbdi........,p,t.,,,,;,,i•Sanailiftmodo~il~MnDtlCP'*'* IIIIC... ..;..,..,..otr....... pn1llo,,1111111C Il, Bulpril hl inoon1nl0 1M Il G,a,,d 1f11111Ìcr~rilmcvaclwil1Qlmrumcn<)f- · Offfllll..,..~"'mw.o ......M. ~ Il.._, pur Al..._.,_,,. benvmu1i s ii lllkehl , _, 11111111 Bulpna. •~,.... . . . . . . . . , ~ dì adonln: iBabnia,mc:principalc11ratroopffllivo•. 11 11i naaifw
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dctlo d11e no. ri "*Mifiurionr doe&li ob-li 1lkali • S.lorncco e dw -•"1'ri>hempoo,t<>""'1fln:.,1lcunriwluiiodllllhalll&lòadtLIIS...-.•-"'°"li' finonpn,doel,dlunolfunodlle ... -lmloelim,UIIO." MfOlnl il 1916 ccd,;~1 il PI*' Il 1917.1.1 "'*&ÌI ooopcntiVI pn,scu,,11, d,cl, Allt romandi briUNlicec lnnc.accominri61 d i ~. la Scaela avvilll l.onih clic..,., ri1meY,tpiupuMibilcoo,li,in:llc.ern-;.C001..,rolpo~cdkiNvo~IWtulfronlc <ICC>llcnlalc8'M'1""lloorienllde.l'v.1La.1uriLC111C,,.çi..,1o,for;nidia:isivo...,._cwcn: f.wo nei tille.In, . Nq~ "llim, p,n,i ...l dicembn, 1916 11 Sll>b l'fttC ladedsiooc fonnltlc
di ~ & liKOOrdicliCuntilly. Nonciowdtbc-1lcun,.inimiliu.-..._ nn-.equudoll RlmÌl lea: ~..,1forml""fflCipalcin.,.,...,'1n.oan:bttc..., ..1
fMuio ....t-«ridmlalc. ~ Oottn:t quella doicilòonc c·cr-. le m,,..i.r"' i nfonl,nwnti ali.
clM: t1 n'l:larono ÌmflOU,ibili do n...,,i.m, primi che il rqime nriw o:olias-, e ,l~dltgliilljlt,tieifrancai•oleucrothtlaRuMoòafllCUM:ll""'UUi-"Cdci RIIMÌ,I
çomb,o11irncnrincll917. lllftdominio~limiwodl.11l1Alticomandi~ef.....,.,,.,01aV1onoominc....., 1dc,;;l......,.S..lfrorllè" o«10fllUolelcbolaaglicdi\lffllwlcdcllaSomrnt1-tu•.....i..oo
p,ildi1111miliofttdimonieipol11ici •1a....-.oclivailallelo~ci~fanidclmudllill c..iimilillrisea......,c,induca,doll,uma.lll!l...,..ani:.., 1, 11>.u,.,·d<ic<JrpcBr-i
~ tul fallò> che i pffffl dc>wucro avm= ,I -.ollo ... ii. Mfllkl,. po,cW entM loroad nm= la._t,ililà finale per Il pemL Adicembre Llor<I Gcora,o ..,..otuiAoqu,lh com, primoffld"""'c ,ni00i1 ICtllltÌ\IO l1111aoun -.idi Olfflbiatc
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din:rioni:alla-,iabriwwca,cBnand-,rul.Jofmcon1mllll0\10~1c..imHOdo ffllll0'1""llidionfflnl:laviaoria•ll•F...,.,Ìll. lanomi111diNi~llcinkndcn,oq:nalln: -l\>llundia:1t1,,.con l"alloe<lllWldodl.Joffn:ci-l'ldOdi. ""Ni>'elltnedc>n,1pM ~ .... -1c ... n,c..,-.;11,~-~~111·1aodifirmarcla..,._,. L' II IIO>'ffllb"c 1916,... ronfm:nat inlenllltlut 1t riuotol ~ " " - a,:ncrak ncl 00111~ 1tel1'11110a-pc,,&e 11...uri.. di<..'llantilly. Q..Nldu r annofinl
&li1l1cMJi--a,lo,.rDahnm1eriwndican,illllCCQfl>. l {l'lll>CC,i1..-n-,ottenw10 ..navt11.,...d,r.,,,,.,V11Ven:tllne11111~illonlttinl>U1111111IIISonwnt. L·otrcn,,",.brtlf,nflia. 111111 Sommo ent fallita produ«ndo lo 1fi.lndon,,cnlo the llai1 aYCVII i - . Hnitiio., 1vc--aO!lfflWIUNviftOnltbrilla""'m1~.croffm.ii.,....;va11e,runiff'I
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f1lliia.LavinonodifffloivadiL"adorM"'1hal1,,.....,di A.1i.oaocll-w1UONoff"ffll",." C'imi.daaw.>bxsl1unic,.....,..;inaindizioftlltpaJliAlliCl,lflWldÌllltatt. Mct11JCl,li Alleati1we,.aaoeert11Gdil,ai..,roordiMldotincl l\ll6.1~ 1mpcri_.il-loawe>--, {1no.D,;,po..-erçooperall)- lllt..;.ell,Sclbil111el 19 1!1,FalkeaMyRc Conrad N - nclpmodo....:a:ai\lOalll.,...,....clciBalcanie<jWndioC"'ft)diloro 1ej:Llilapropril,in,ieg.. ,eparando,;1,;lall" alan. T-..iagli l,.,,..,;-.Jitientnori~
..__...ronidl9COllfiu,cn:•oqo,alllllmcnodlaonlCDCtt • la..,...pldiChMl:illy. La ROfflllliaff'l -spa,ntaviadllolt.acacchiffitcbtR,.;,,1YeV11comboomnoquuifinDalll l - - ~ ( - . , . M t ... 1 ' - 1~16 Ìll 0 . • . WOUOWAAO. . . ciL.w.llMl,.,. .,. :;;;.:;::~™~-'--.at..pp.M,ll• . 1:t.1J, ( I I IO . . - , ? t - _ , )! ! ; _ H l = l ~ : - 1 ~· ~....,....._-.. lfl#-1'11.C-AloaAU-,,..1-
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di """' IX>Uiu di rq&immri ruui II an,muli,m-. Il morale dclracn:ilO wm,no:iil •
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N e l ~ 1917 en lllll"oluo ch,: d•iaro- aolo;,, ctw mndo. ma anche .. • &li Alleari1vm:ibffll"'IIIOlllumtlC"'Uiunlu !lol'Omohiobifflivipolilociltjlti1I romlitw. c ... 111 MUMil d!C .; ..... ,nck,bolmdo ,doxcmmlt, l a ~ di o-,i;11y en cff"_ _ ,_,,,_T,,....,.; ...... ;ledaochi ..·rdlhcmriloho1I ............ Amqic,opcr 1lillleMi.infMl1,dicilianndo- ........ - . . . - - ....... ,.,.,.,..,., 1liStltiUniti.,pcm.~opliopn-..di~•P'".•llenllfJo oomp&tlamnMil ............lq:ico. -S.:-.,...iw-1a......,.~... , ..... follmha),l. ...lonlllvi..:emno~.Ncl1'opnlel917• .,.bbm,,-bM....:o,atlalO ,nu111mo11o.....,..,,11ak,chiwccaronoidadialorosvamauio.
~11--
CADORNA VISTO DA GENERALI, POLIT10, GIORNALISTI E STORIO DEL SUO TEMPO. LA AGURA DEL CAPO DI STATO MAGGIORE DEL1'ESERaTO RICOSTRUITA ATIRAVERSO I VERBALI DEGLI INTERROGATORI OEUA COMMISSIONE 0 1NQ·HESTA DI CAP0RETT0 E DA ALTRE FONTI A STAMPA.
Filippo cappellano La C°""""""" d'lllclùetuo 11U ClllpOl'fflO. iR1ruiu ntl genn1io 1~18, indh'idOO "'" ~1,1..uisiCflCloma.CafloP'om,rLili&iC•U.,ipriacopali "'"flOll'abol,della~ ira moni, feriti e pripo111eri. di oltre 1.700 prlll d "M1'11oena r JO!lfllllullo dti lnn llIÌ fm1Jani r d i parie di .,...-lh ,-a,ai. La CommiuÌOl!Cd"_,hinlll ifldlo,:ònonJOlosulk ~ottnditbcllkhedell•dodò<:ann1baltaglia
...,..filla d.,. coolb la r,mhlll di c,ra }30.000 .......,;,.;
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u rebbt:Ct'l"lamtMc: fÌ5Jlo*O '"UÌ t(fllÌcomecapp:tiN,ocaopcrdareconti1li ll tw0 ~~.. M,noonlohl"allro.clle .... VOMc.-;clrffA.Ml&IIZÌO lllÌ 1vnaÌlllefeaallla r.....,... del p . VmwiclooeraOMNIOlndi..,..,.....c mo pretò di preannunc:ilre al p . cac1oma11 ... , -. Vx:maptr~appun10cldp\'enlonlo,;reclelt,"J'l"'fllnl
preM'Yffliffil p . CaolorM ddl a -111dil>'A.- , j n e cltlloPJP)d,tla"""~ùita,alll q<11....,.. 1I Ccxnmdant<inidme:"ilcap,tanoD·A-,woliimrnìtc~1~f...iMaoic-
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ci.: pariHN plN eh, N l'•umo p11lilo, in Dli cau, IIIC1l'JIII.,. ron moll:o dcffffllZII l'apow,<NIC ck ati , ~ fa11.1. No,, aYVfflin «* 1e i i ~.. d,e la pn-.dloafi"""""""'idutlhì,r.-oopaurooo. EIJlillOlllera-.,_ad -oll•'f-~chian,carw;hf:bnolalep,,,n;W1M"-r-•~cv1,-
~di••-.n,1111ao-,dafipooo.btiopan,,,__, .., ~edu&li .....,._all'--"'fl'W,lanode.maf'one, Lo-ùdomlmi~IINIW>lta d,c "'_., cMi arichc dilo,bl,idìn:, ~ iW"OM - 'lii~ qlì - i ronvttltlia~de\'f:din:cflln'k'COftdolaRiaCOK-IOM)ll(lp,:l'AWOdlC.M d'impuloi.-,ti 11 ,.o ,-t-. Il impulomù del lffl. c..io.- più clic dalla .... unn. d1.,.,..icn dal u - dt 1CCfFn: 11M IO\'en:hia *- di puaillanimidi on cvloiv et.e ali r..-nMD pram1, .,..-cn:hi,c •l'lloolllda-. Anche pcn:hl! ,..i,i .-.en l'arduo c,,mpitodolanaan:all'olJcniiva1111cacKitochc1n-aac.b:a1<>allapern""p,cn1 clDUnle p,o,cco. u.·atmdcllcdomar-.lo più 1n<iwnu r,n.,dal mcmhn 11e11aeo..nd' lnchinca . ., ilNCrmpli m1 ,....i1a ..n1 - IC!lden,a N ....i.n. cd I rifi-.: i ain1Mt1 colmoiodoC11Cn10,....,,1,...., . . ci,,,le: ~ll'aanod1e1liwflkialichc~piiida
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favoririsrwiailUOipiil!l1mlÌcolw.o...ori. O'alnpanct"°'°che'acncnlifladoclior Zo,,picontc'p'ronopromorionirf«ffo1Ncamcftpiìon,podl.diquelcheav...t,berv p.,WIOr...:CiKIIGllviciaiolCapo. l fani~lfflfflllKOIIOIIM....,;lei,a"""'-KUJndo
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-ensi11110d•ci.1oroca.dwonc....,~-...-•lmlp0ciuov,,.maciòt pc,rfct_.-.no,-Nmimenvltfl.. r n . -. ln"""°1o1irllJll)Cll'li oon i.,,niW, clèl (iovnno, l*ft ~ -;,-..!, <fto!; «I nr,r,nrti pià..,.; iw.-o oon S.F- ll<M,,lli IC1pOdflGo,.....onell916-1917. n.d.r.}.~nclgt,1. C'°°""'"en r°"""'"'i., ooavilworlfct,,,ilGov.uor-mollepNokrpocbifani, b , ~ m , in .,,,,.,...,•1 o:a.--clèlCadoma. T... ~fu...,...,._..,po.dl.ic..impnoclèn,,odi h""""'° cltll'On. R<)MII,: dcv"""°"' .cqu,.,1o ICI• ,ni "" klepU'fflll che po4nl:tt pan:n, Ìnuml< dd p . c..aum..11·0 PrDidi:nlcdd c.....;&Jio i• rispoulllle 00"1"'Nlazoonichc--&J11ff'o.. fanopnlepraad1Gonzia,d<..,..che1vCV1lmWIOI ronno ... ditc«11onctqulk•~lllribuitoHmerisodcH'vioonelllDooc1d'Aosu..,111 t.Mdi .... nan,l'Modcll'On. ltillolali. lnquellleles,amma il sc,,. c.toma.wn....,111 kllltàche lodiMlflllUC, r..,...p,a;io,poooWIÌ °"nnprioV.E.cltlk"""'""ula.nonidlc MRhberupmlmohopjù1ÌIIMammlerivolN:alDload"AOM11cui~in panpancil mefflOdfllav1!UlrioldiOoriZ11.._,,.,ha""'°-,anu,.noriciS.E.ltl.olMi. f ... \M1il IIIOOYll&OpòoìP"vcflaquandoilpC....,,,..~la~cKDdl'oaeiaoldali f-.,pn-pan,liinok•niil~~""°""""'*c<fto!rolon:,cheri..,....,._c11,11e locenze. pc,Nvuoconlom-~d,..,.nl<)che 1vevano.n,n111nelPane. c..!I dellt' l'~lllp.C...,.cheil ~.,_;lolndiQe.obtllip>do6oaidluiil~driJOldati.-__.,; c..,,111lilllfonk. Lac,ucl-bllilllOWOncfu eo- i e u , f n i l C-,,;ioSupfffiOeil~IW'IC-.glio,_,pM'Wil Cadomlwokucmc11m:il-ndllpolihc1,-. ... .,ni<:amc:nlcpm:t,toilft'CIIXl'P9n <klk npm:ulliono che LI pobtoa ,.tnM pc,te,,1 • - ...11·EMmto. Alln - - d, raJIIIOl!i<"en"""' ..-.,a p . C - " - ~ ,I timore(nei lffl""'di <lel Mi•iMct<, A<wl1i).chccon llonom,udclt'O.. AiMOIM," - • flmllliCommi..-icivi~dclla rivoluri<.N:ffllll<aeechepc,W*>l'0.. 8il90bliwmiae,ri.....tm:lebuca1I COfflffldo Supremo. In"" KCondo periodo pm\ d1iuita la«-. qli divenne il 111i&J1<1r1: ..._ <kll'On. H,...... olquak VC111v&f~alComa,,,d,).( ... J "-do""pcral1n>chc ir..,...,..1u~-i1,uionaleenWlrlmlèloncndp,,1.CadomldN:qli nniuòwmpn,""""' i Mini..,;la~poiùbikclerer-,emal.,..i.,dfl....,,;arane,ediellOllloporta,'I ad-,e~,._cdafan:,:ompli-i.Cin;,,o~IUOi-iMinitlr,dc,lla w dN: fu mollo " " " " - di S.E. Zop:llì e dc 1-lk ~ q~ - lo ditaimul6.Cilochc~spoaceva•llffl.c.lc,,maera l'i...,._;o,,edlt.airipo,tata d"' ilMinoSlav (cnon~ Mìnislrol nuncn:dakmohoalkN1C..,olc,cc..l rirmK...,. vollanool10..«1loQIIUICl,o.1iprimilanpicldll,perra~ Miimlffll&Jid:iieoe~
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munizooni, ricudodi -.,eritodì rq,lic.cche Hn·,.,..,por, - a,binlli. N...CSMO.-Jlu!amaMNl'ac.:.-lilllaalp.Cadomadi vulnew,m:lui1li-tron,,•1MinnlftU*llaOuan."1~.iconnrioc1Didinva ..·m:11Nt ,,.....-a,o,1a...-1cpoia._,.._~,1·-,,,do. Rammcn1a, aim, cloe"1IÌ tola-1di..,COll'"WrieM>tllMclftlvalcbimcocl'aluo....,,lca:--.,_avaati,.. U...dcllc prindpalì 11<0- , - a Ca4oru ai rilcri'II al .......,....11,q~....,,; di oliri ulfic:1ali, rilnMNoec,ceaiYoe lftl'. .__.. del "'-andlmetolodelLI pnn:t,,a. Cmì..., dc:iqu,:silipiùrÌ<'0"1'all1potlidtll,...,__ ddLIConwnist..-en,il"""'"*'; • ~quar,IO · - · l r - c h e il~dellc ~ont.-~dal(.)pocliSUolo Magio,c rapprnnti ............. """°"'Nale Il.,_........, dell .._'lliMirw> , _ ~o<X1ec.idctt, M"'""-i..t-1a111""'npci.oda p,~ atùnonidicl'Cll0fflle qllWlliùdì-pnll'<N,lcdaiw,illlld,infmoridm•1>11dollatmru:acllcilll>kml enthenattfflUc.,_,.,aleom.ndoSuprano. LcrisulA..,tur10aòMaeAM?io La domMdaue 1mÌ*11........,.. -
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d 1e ,on.n,.oalla l'NIWOM dd lalOdel aotkffino di Plffl'I dd ComMdo.....,.._.clcl 2• DIIObtelYl 7, •CIM C........ '"""'1kuno~dclla?'A-dinNt1a vilmnlcwm, al ...,.,i,oo. la lllkdoi.:-.che fu ntmOOdal ddladJ...,tpzu.. molli viclcn, il - M l dì Cadonoa d i ~ lc P")IWX a,1,c oui aoldaci.
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IL PIANO STRATEGICO DI CAOORNA E LE SPALLATE DELL'ISONZO DEL 1915-1917 Cristiano Maria Dechlgl lldùlJP'<'dior-rz:.bw«ls-L..~C...,,._<*llll/-4-/11/J•"'nworis"'' Dopoilll70,oompleull lar-cffic.azionecirllcpnl"inotmeridtonalicrioolaila..-;._.
-.l'Exrcilo halimopoll!dcdicarsictlOl,nogiorelena•ipmlido111tMoonlm l' A...ma-Ufl&hcria,fflt insietno:allll F.. n.-ia,OOlliNi•'11 il princi('llll:C""'"""-""~fino al UUl2, oomun,q"", i ......,_,.; 1111di compitali da nri orpni quali la Cc,mmiNiunc ~perladir.-..,...,dclloSU1<>.1IComiiao di1U110magl<ff.......,lc,ij C""'°di.- ... gioft, IIComn,ìaionoperloMIDOdclla11ncmaziontadilaar,cl1eMrn d e l l a ~ I DMklt, c«. nffilli o l l a ~ dei confini OflCflla~ mmianw lruppe
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o•etlieerag,-IWl1<1fficimlc,~findW~alan....x.. d1eil..,_o, <'.òOlb,u~,••-do,11'1~ ,C- • v e , . - . - d l - - , H fl'1""" icn,po. -snr,oli.;votanlll w l l'rtmlodd Tm,iino~.., .....llodd F.....~. p e r ~ - poM. alt'olrmeoVI dtcisa.-"""""" mp,nlO r . - ......_,.,. hf lo llclliefamffllll dri p,1MO d d l ' ~. Cotm.t ..~-. tceho la i;.. citi l'iove. Nel 11111, c._..,prac,...... uduli-~ilà:.,uellodip,rna,IOUlll1n11111,.cA-.. e ...,.11a di pem c1tn·11a1.., alleMa co,, ....,IM polffll>l.e>onlnl l"A"""1a. Nd pnmoCMO, l"~ilo.._ _ _ ,..~...,,.lodilaWm,..,,..,•IPiaveche•• f"""'dciTmlli11<1cc..tcw,MMlpittolr""""'"i"',..-....iipcrla.,_......lilobocmv, v1<oni(Lo,·......,cll<ll,bu,oo1. L'•Ml"idel MCOllll,,pianouud•dlc.......,ma1;volld - pnradl roiili.00._,, l'A...uia,Unp<na nff1le puria,lar,, impoNnu. pcrdW oJCM1t1"f"fflla-~open,11"'"°"""""'"mc......... ne1r...-1914. l.'hcsm •lb ha,cd,dl°a,,one """"""' ctnl(,IIO doll"F.xrciio ilaliuuol dell'inlel..'" Jl"CfTlt dcl aglo 19l,. 5"':w.loc-., cc,n l"A...,.;. , ~ . . , . . , aliro r..-. l"l..ten:1111:>àl;..,oavn,hhtpo1111opm-,,all"olknti"'ooni-io""llo~numrrir• .to:llcpn,pnc l<lnc. Oboctl,vodd.,........,,la_io,,uV-do,;undun, . . .nr...nola
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-.,,1111ilal..._ta F,-,1111011 .."ftllheporu10-era"'"""''"~•pochc <l«1ntdi chilomdridohrisi, Cadoma.ÌIIIIIIIOaòn.C>On\'ÌIIIOChcla_,,,,._ po,l,uco-m,liwe 1ft--.Je _,.... offiiuot al.,._ b po11,,t,,,1.lll do almwtlan! Lo l)wpl""'~""""'cllC-,-_,i,ùlsm,lalllCohlàclellc"""f,.o:•-'IU"llo rllc pcrYÌfflllln11 ilm:Jr'lkwd-.1ffm11dt~~k-1.....,_,C........ ft,oa,pillrldiwpodiopttRioni,ll(llllle1iii,pirt,•cmcri-<>fr(,,si•·1 l'c,om;:11<1•=~ · a,1_,1nr110nOlll>'Klnllt.mirutdoalc110Rdclla""-<hMl'"'IP"<'L ll 21 ....., 1914oldtrcpodclloopm,:,on,era11A11tan,n•li-<bJCapo ,• Mn1magion:clell"t',.,..,uoi,,unaMrlft<lrN,..,,..""'l""""'"'..,-..,._cffe,un.,.....,
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· ?'el"A-·aclllcrWinfriMlidlM. Magi,on,al,_,, -offcMivo;pnmo ....,....,_, 11..,.....udd11 1;...,..i.11·1--.lft"il l' ~ < 1 e11ea1111n' del IC:ollnnt ~ del Col,lio. In quiio. menltt la Zona C.,.. 1.-.d,bc inva.lolO
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,Jx,c,::,,vawlcYallidclbiRimza cdcllaDn,,..(...,_ICIOOndaria) · ollènl,vadalla Cam,a pcrapnno lolDl>IX.'llndllC.,.,a(aoonc-..daria).' Stai. .lk_,,.dKle 1)/m//.,., diCIIOOnlldel l"~1914oonfai:n-,caw,adllbicttmlinalidiporgg SUMqOCadclll -~affcati,..,la.lilna,q,,ialiV-o~llllllWldoaiarireiw che compt1N Il moèllÌWt!IIW e la ...io- ddl "E'Mtri!O, le .,._.,;.,.o II JV(llscr..iol",mp,OOolrlC__.,~a«unduilp,aiv:1d"~ d , c w i ~ , ç - •
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dì ponlc', per ~ 5xxc IIClllid,e. Oonzia avrdlhc: dowlocadeR pcr1nolcimm110 da-.ledalUd..LalonaJi~wuleallod-1lapcrq,,1ndlf:1p>t111-,al1.,,,. ma il 1mudwodi~il M. lt~ falllcdil ......... ra'""1cfficwemmlc'. l'illa IUd,~t' lton:o.>,sfilt,liMillaboliroMtokmMi 1 pnrnitl,oc,chioffènoivi1Sacrado. •·ot11iuw>, Redj,pu&lia.Dopodimdic,p<lfWd,wp,a.1nfalll. ol lltvaJoo, 1MmblUl,_i ripmm, tu "'1W l'ltoNO.. C - " - . ~ _ . . , otrm.iva illlliano..., LII ~ do:1111 pnudmlc. lo 1form ma&Jl(R wcaac- ncn;iUl(I 11el ~ dclLII J• A - . c, Pff Lll pnlftll\lOlll, .. et,t,c-,.._UQJl'icsgdi1r1,1licriepeMnliron1rOlt posirioaidelS...Mid,rk•diS...Manitio. Oli......:lli'"'*' dimtl: alLll ,;cnn.di~no. 1lltlffledipo:ncdiTolminocdiOoriaa, II C -. Lac:t:11DdiPk:uo lù ia..-,i-w oonquiswa:wlllZOMdiTolmiloruQP!iola l'ocnpa,:-dclM-NcrocprffOil Komhoa. Gh - i nwac.-. PftÒ, ad unpmÌn< op, in,sreuoonc, ,n d,te7.ioM di Tolmino. L"111Kroi111.... st........,.1l...,,,-cnolo1h....,diS.,,1:al....,ilcdiSan1aMaria. m.-riukladoo.~lrvctlc. COOMl"OGoruMltilc'IIIÒ diproc,cdcn:dll'lawa-i1 Mon"'S-; nwlaw,.........dnawnnacclu--"q,n6op,ìpn)pffll). Piil1MMI, a1llt colline di """ dal,a do:U"I-,,, daw.-i I Gorizia. sii iialilni rimMero ~ 1lltpmdic,do:ISabooino. del Peo.,.., dd..........,1"""'1titiinon,,_..,1nonnlc:in,ni1< lrinceo awv..""'1C. 1CtU1 riooKffa,ag,Wllffl". S..1 Cln,o.. r., OCC\,ptlll lii liONichcdllle ,.....,delM. SanMichdt,pern,ooootn~delO-,,. Cappurcio...... 1M. S...lkm La...,..._bauq]Ul.S.U"buntuiqnòpu il ltqjoaffl'.ilu il c1,1tniacdcllo1forzoproNIO ""ll"CIUII: 1915,""" 1•;....,;qo di..-; 11111< k nterVC d"-,,"'i della?' e J' Anmu La ....... balta&liacklL"IIIOlllDlilinl<nooadl Cadomlper Lll mlllCIIUldirnunW<Mli d"-,i&lieria c palo_,.,am....,..,~...,..;,...;1n...,;au.-i.prt,:1ile...t.itc daircpanidilinlcria.Olln:alkdcikinl,,tOl'plldCOOftlilpliprodoa,:::si, dowlc1llc: penlì1<111...,..,..,, c _ . _ c 1 ,·--cinncrialiwri,1iriwelamo,oddicimzcpi1I pni 1IICÌ Nlmlli, lfl'lli l"iNullkflzl in Mlfflerot flO't"'.l.dellt:lltiaJi,ric, ~ mrui auoiliaridi~dciraicolllicdcimcmdi~acn<a. lnpm· ~ della riprnaofffflliva,Cadoml«I06d1-llpo1eazadifuoc:odellt:anuwochlff1lle ...11·1_,., r.:cndo 1ffluin: artiil:liffx peMMÌ d'-.lio di IIUIMI oo,nw.ione o ..... di f..iif.,,.,;.,,,; <Wlicn: cd.._ 0.....-0cotl nlllmlli di pouo n litifo qt111li s ii ol:,ici
da~c dl 280cd iffl0ftaidl260 c dl210.ol1n<1--da....,;.. i11 149oda 1S2 e IUWNti dll l<t9provenitMidlaltri lronb. Dal11 Franriali lppffl'Wip,nllfflOiprimi 'l'""'Olillllivi, punruppl _,,,,. limitali, di la,a,ciahombc da lrillCft ~ El<ccloioor • bomb.dc dl 51clM240. SilrllUaVldilffllil-.pnau,cd1 ti, o - 1n .,...,di i~ d a ll'•llo i lriei,;enmnticdioaimadliml:ia, ............,ltllombkdr."°'"'°I retimlali. Lcllfl(ftrloai ininaronoa.hmftaionucdo1imdi~. cn1cmn,o di , mot1an< il r..,_ d.tlc npcno pc:tNli Pff l'CCIR fflllPO' c1amooa11t b i ~ campali 1wwcnaric c d • ~ atl' (N(lç(llo paM>\00 d,e le pn*ucn. La terza e quaruhana,Jiadtll' l,orwlt..,........,<bl l l...itnal•novcmhn:cdll lO"°'"~-'
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aul<laOma. .,.. do\·cva "IÌ"' d'ICCtlfdo cm le poema: IXll'llllc,;a. d,c pmc!IIX\-ano il --111ivod<ll'E.m:iloila~,onche~lio .... .,...ibililàopenàn. Dltnn1cluna lalUCfflllJli ....... lnncnirilllMffOdell'idndlclodouoÌlllianolè.-inferi<'ft1qurllo d1c,11«onduloro.1,ffbbno~10kri-ck~il à . . , , _ ~;. c,.,.i, li.i nel 191$-19 16 l' hahl fil od Ìnl«\'ftln Ml H.lkwli, prima ,a Albu11.. per
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<klla fanlffll. Punmppo in ..... suern di lllllcrialio l'E.m:iioilaliaaoli 1roYOm-.
diinftmril6perpiùdi1111-•iripardidellclfflli,anno11ie,nitra&fimxi.cftno 1917 ~ poln:.cilikÌlldullNk',pcr4'lllf'IOillCfCffleftlallclolla;iwo.-Jlllle pm,.t,r,., 1,._;w;y; di '"8irioni riM! ~ s u o . _ . . , ; per COIMlum! • ron<1o.
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ait. ~la-bM!a&lildcll'l- . ~ t t a i 1 4 ed1111 lplO, l l d'-.,...._i,tvadwllll0Clloprit,cif)ali•idwlal, dcl_,,,,.._di('oorimc ~~ 111Jk .,i..,, dal Sebolino o,I f'odsorl e clllla Cima del S... Mio:lrtcle1 Oobadb. Sawe l'..... dw: •La a,i"'l lf't. 1111111 pnmo ...._. pl'l'adffllldo ..,_... . . . IIJ&]iadiOoriria. e,..........,,:ua1111 rap,on'oli limiti il piano O!lfflllMI. 1'111.:0 mr~ per IIIIOCVVK laronquim cn di in nllmlillimo . -
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d,mi...,,.._,,..1•.a:ormcdellc'*""cnc,nid•cael_,.......,_do,~ ..-.,..,mmu,.,.,11ogonmmwc1dkl""f""lirupp,,.l'en,oòlrn""""-ì..,dtlC-w r-1np,aio~-icQmllldoll&lfftll'OD,-..'ftl:: .,._oJu ....o11oic--.dionkriun ......-...rocb,,nu,laCOIII--. ~ la pndill di Cai1ia, 1li IIUftllHùllJllriço a,·e-,·_, :lefflllO k dih c. pw lao,ciM,lo ~ l",•Wliva agli llaliani, erMO n_.lti a ~ la falla.
~aonuo.ibalurdìlkl~Sa,uo.SanGtobfncS-.~dleduminanno
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l,m,n, Qlln,lld,.,llll«'ft901op'6<o.Gomi•flo~un-dcll'an,aJifflaillhchcpc,"la....,..,·olup(lllé-.cifl~..nc....Ìlln*........,diboonlmdlCpc:sMti dll4(JC'Mtlètto1111N01ofoadammta1cpcrr~,-dei,eu,ço1M,clldiiln<oeionc dqti ~ difc,.hi .....,ici. Efficace 111...:hc 1•a:,;.., dcll'.,,.P"i&CUIJllllc chc-,r-,ìl ...,,k,o-,.-vcpn,ccdurcdiLiro.pokWperlapri,nl>'l"llll 1'al\oraool. M&n'fea:~i11ridi~con,.,oolOpl'UOperbali.e..,n.oacaldo.,.,..I rnaKhcnrc la,..... ,n p,Muiono delle numcn'W INacric I""* ia n WDI dal Trmt;..,. Fwanchcperlapri.,.,-ol11clktlwo10olurooonproicai1p111fi....,.;CM1rOlcbMICfK nrmichedw:dal\ulicchlutt-,dilÌlna!i1Sahorino.looll"', ll....,..._dcl1abafta&lil
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dlW1fuDl:cpMCU1daU1ooronadialtiorcdomilWIU.w.k1111giuricpiwa&"oli pouibililidirifbnlimen(icdi._n,naaodli11aoooirolpiba:I~•.,.,._. an.:wfmnlalc.ofcna10d1IOfpfflOldownncmic""""""',_.,.dluncir:lo.,-il10 ki11() CCNffllO,,CIN:1,~1ÌmflepNabuoNpancdcl100ftffl:ÌIO. la ~ d , , : 1 1 ° vcnoGonz,a.~-pffil'.I ddle pnnE baU&loc de:11 '1-.:>. fil IIIUdillll dlo Cldonllo finodaldocffllln ...lltU;aJi1n"CNmcnt1do:ITrmt1no•riwdamnolap,q,warioncc 1' eMaaMIIC. . . llfflC'W'*'qucllaompecab,lc--..pnhncc-..dw:..,,..,...... -dici pi,lìch>Mi ~ ddl'v:lo. ,oliana aclla~ ..,...a. La ,iqmu.,.a
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roclllprq,a,u,onr.lo , ~dihllliirn,,:wpcrllGCtlCnt,.,,.rapdilicompa.indi lp[IWll'ICMDliaollllon~li,..-,\ebMiatlla""Jft9mwp:10GcH11iDpicno
,ulJ"avvmario..dlc- rq,utlYI IT,,,:n,ilo illliano~ ,;lop.>la . . . ~ i l dqlo Ak1p;.,i. di--lpron11npreu." lA..-lblC ...........iddl'llbebbcoocomt..,,.......,..,.....pal<! ............. qucjlodl...,M""'-lerooe1~. di-.Jlcgcrirclapraaionc..uiaca 17 ... 8UIC!vt:l«IA.l..o_ . ., , , . , ~ - · -, ....... Go......S.,,,.-..-
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,....,._...._infani,dioucn'..,&linpepiMMmcquindìdi~11tl p,ùbm·c ~ p<>Nibile...,'1111vniolfen&mche~le~~Mlfro,,leitaliano.
p,,rin'l)alì,..il .....,,fcri-didrvuioniftnOil fiuaw:-. furono""'lldiCllamu d'otdine politi,e(>.lftil~ o,d imp,,ft l• _ ,.. t"""' bulql11 dtl1'1- t """LI 11..,..._clf:II' ~ • 111111 imaiola~diCadonuo,cfle pm,lll'O
cbbtrot- 1N dunumollolimuta.Gii, 11tlltrati,uli della -bonajrlia.~Comando !lllpfflOliffllmGOOIIIOche~-i,:o,ien,MM!OripQ(ldalLlbeloMadiQori7,ac, ..da mip,n,i ri•lono • •, dlii * - ~ k ...r,11 rip,QQ ...... llhlu.lc """"-111wilàrupc,1diffflSlva.CotlÙÒOffllti ••""*"1NIIIMMIWbalolfcmivaCW
n,inova•~ilpòiipoUibilela f........,•IJidlndoal"-x,od'1n iJlieria ilcc"',pilo dip,odum:ltnoauooripmtiN: ...llolehicnrnmlO-.ùoo.Eno ... lipodibalLl&)iadw: Mffllnwa,,.U'oniadelLl..,....di~r-,in.,...,.,..._..,.......ol>biodtivi 1,;rrilOriali.~pilOOOikldiricW....Criaa,,cd,Ulnlefa1a11ica11tll'waodc:ll,.bafta&lia
'°""att..,.;:h, Hmi1a1,. ,n modo poi dapoWrlcdi"*"'IICRnil f-., di - d 'N'llaJoena.
No:11.a ~ c f l e i ...,;on M10CCAid, ..,·ano.offemiva 01 ~ . . . . . . . , , . . , ., ...,,..,i. faoiiniDali,c..i..... wottò di p,uluo~&li..._,..oll,c il _,.,..,e_
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la 11<1111 bana,lia d llffl IOlo m: p,mi, il primo dri quali <kdicalolOlo alla p,q,amor,c d'anialiaia. u pml;k aub;le ntllrtn:~ie lualidcl 1916 rur-.,.vi{77.000n moni, feriti r dispmi n ,ti ilaliani e 74.000 mo sii -aixi). ma equivalenti• quellr dcl "'""""""-cmamraw:i-a,uubili • qudkllAlim,qiori_.ncllo..._,periodo
dailnnco-brilannocisu.1111~. Siocm).inollte,di,;urv,:Ll-nlehripK
,n,peenai,:inllrio:w, allow:di rip•meM1l....,,.,.-.....,.._;hilrdijp'Mdi..,itill'ono::re J<11i.-:ct,i: iaf11ti,dcllr 42bripkoomplcal,-~, 17paneci..-,no•11n1 ..~•banaaJi&. lO•duec"""-*>S•lune rlre.
T.uii ll:nlaliwidi•f..............,dellelincc•vnnwiconndotli •I l~ IS-1'0 6.ul ffllft4c
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l'acn:1111cflepra,de,11 l'olf<'flllva~,f0ftdareunmun:o.primadirilae<,na-,n...,,.,...,,...A'->b,,,1 n:ù l9171'ulaea)fninukr..~doproccdillltlll0tf111ÌIO IOll<)n da lllllÌ lii NeR:ÌCI belli.....,, qioollo ledam con,pR80. ~ oppollC hncc:
C"1STUNO MA~,f DCC,0HIGI
di diffla .....,_ e plOQlde" fionlcgi.l.,_do - -iltalt"lll:no • • d'opcnzi,onLL'~ddlocob.tii.n.liedirorllln.cwnclo.,.alaoeilal_,,, 1111n-. dlppo,me dire.-"" di apcnm4, ando . . . . , _ _ mi&IÌOnlldt'I. .,.ciol'-*lf!O ctw ti ebbero a dispoai.,:IOW meni MloMi po- lip"lff van:hiKimicalaà:MIM'ia-lup,.lllMbilcaJRICfl'M'Cil....,IIMod,.......,i.r..1....-.par-olliopoait,iliùdllffllloJ.pMt1diartiaJlfflll••.. . . _ . . . , ~ _.,.; pmh allcr-ric .aacc.M~ pN~qlidfcnidtl ftooto. -r-ab.....rc-..i&.WM .......... <i-*>Ml'!Wllnilal-C........., ........,1a1Uhittna,;,,-dri"'-iclc~c.,...,iledif~__,......,... d,_... ......... _,,.li,c,oln<>CQO allapo,1etL01dif-=uclcllcartiperi,,dielMdihc
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urisi-dalla_,...1ona;......; ...;,....;;111kfcrlone--.poi.JOIIC"•l'E.:n:ilo l1alianodì-.zialla,,_,.,...,......-.,c1UVlldido'Vtr-dalOlo...--,1pe10 Jctlt-~Dfflllli~lmedaopi~-·~--:·
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~ . . . , . . _ ~ .. po,pre11n lòrvu10101U '-,;,io_.....,.......per rwillcVllmelelMi.~-..,..-...irm,,iciDliMw>." L'i••m10n,l 1916t~ t.i7t l'i11iziodctlapnlllllwn1~vi1r---.na1; àdle ~ bel1idw ili irande Mile. c .... l',rrlvodtlllo bdla IU(P(* le fonc lkU' " - ripr..... l'..w..ln. Nel 111111io 19 17. - . : en,-. ili «no. r,ellotc...:dicffo«idcttlalc.&.Soi-cC.-.nc.la...,.otrt'llfn11dìpri.,..,·-,il 0-.00 IUprffllO ital...... c1,,c,.. d ì ~ i l l d ~• ....,,,....1...., lutto ,l&a.i.....àao.Nolewotiaao-lcpn:UioniclcNfflmazioni,.,,.-ha<ai. do 111111 -
pcrlior~l'off........,.•Cadona."1"1110_,.,.dal.,.__, _.,...........,.1 q,udlochctcmlrnva......;,."'"""'°oomu11edcll'ln1aa.L'RionctiM~clal l 2111 l 8ffllCPO.daAOo"11aalll--bo111atl•oomblo--..ll'l-. 0Ueffl'l'"d·de'lla2'A--ilKul,il\WicccilM<.-S..O..Lalolll.,..._..., iol 1iomoll e II c,:aci..coa r ~ cld primi due MOMi ccltlle ~ dd 11....,o. Atnllemlaledì~lcrilsve.....aiachc,la)'AnnlUiam6,ilplft02),N ,oo1mio ..._•c........,..ua.,1 nwc. RÌIIKl•porlanilia,:,1tt,rla lCdì•,,..,....,, mail ll0ffl0211 1.ll>!Ì<lfteai.-.,;.s-;-.dal l 0al2'1pll&M,l'f.-,;110il&liuo rondlMe ..,_.. ~ nd Offlln ""sii AltiJ,iari, .. hMlaaJÌII clcll'Ort.p,a, oocl.... 1C11a al,cun riMlkaiG poailiYO C ron i1 l*J"'O d, pavi pndile, CìnM lllfllr,o le
JIC'fd11tital-aelbcleclfflll~cltll'l~,pari1III.OOO__,. .... ""fl"M"'1 q,udlc-M(7HNXI). Lahaolus)ìa. tc -••"1ngiw,lu1u111 pi<*d1i•i p,diOM dolCOfflllldoMpffl'IO.l"eV*-IO.cnn'lllllqllt.cliOOIIOfll.-i,ap,,nMli~ nnlllCi e di -iw:.,, ...,. inu, di ponoe ohn, l'IIOMl ., c1e11·A-.,.- clclla tt.oinmu.Ufl 1la-onouka)-.1U1ol\i<tUClloo6i.au.....-*"oliforn:-K.cht-
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..-.f;lli-pcrllpri1111.vol1a--NliJliffie-mc<Mtpeu,Mi(92pvai1co,i n:lltivillCl'Vmli rt.ic...ed"'l,fti. Caduma.,.wa....,,..._....,11ffi:nsiv1di.,..iien: ua;...,_IIUCCfllOpnmadwilllffllOCOpoles.nvnsan:rooolffl l'llll'"Nlkleforn: ritirawdalffllfllt"MIO.Cadomlmilinnpcrq,au,blna&l'"UIO~S--iHi,oo
di83briplccli6dc,rieddiell6di.....,.li,S46honacliooiollif.-ria.)6bcna&liaied llalpini.UnknrfCa&l~ inprofonditli...,_,il"al,lrlffllanOlledelll~il c, pe1oiinic,,ml>lillid.,ci-,11n1 ..,.....di..,._,-.11a-bripladi a.allcriadl ,..., _ per 1fl"UIUIR..,.c,,ent...ic~ - - c p c r l"~llleMl!dd.....,icu. L'ua..:,.., i1alianorillXl, wmi,10orirlanell"..,.,prlU'llrMe.•1fundarele l,...,.ncmichec1pmc1ran:
diunadcciMdiclliloonctrinelll_..._;,,~drll"al~cklll R,,ònoir..---.oe,v,apcm riU!lciN Mll'_,_ ....,_, L.oKt!nolV1dlon',.,..,.,._~dal 17
al3lllfOl(Otviok,mp:a-wmcal,oll1<>ll1'cll)"ArmMLU2",.,_~..-o1,1·1t<,mo cdltln~n,o~e ......... llllXCho. prolrMl..,perdiecop,n,i, n -i•pmefr'aft nell'Altipi..,drlla Bailllizza llfflla. Nlllvia. raa•Ul'll'R il rnulwodi tattiarvi del IUIIO l"awe,wi,o; f a i ~. illOhn: i mlmlli ..._;.;di roRQUi...., ,I S.Oo.tiricle ~ io a e t ~ . - l a d t t i : r r .. . . . . . do&li1ltltdli t l ' ~ ~ d i 1111i11ierie 4700 lnl obici. 0:--, t , - v i, olttc 1 100 bomladel. LI)' Amw.a OlteftOO, ,nv«e,IOlomoclelli --,..,.....d,p:,cod&.acia1,·ullimipraoideU'Hmuda. C<>nlribuial_,•~del---r•llnJli-,delllRainJiua, 1oep,ito dello 1 ~ opnàO ~ XXIV Corpo d'........ del F"- C....i&lia. il CD11rM10 1n CMtcr,\f,fd il COIIII.IICllllldetla?'....,,..la.il pClpdlo.lilia t....dian:,elDMch!di ~ . i . u·........,_:ri ~clllidlo,..........., C......, •.,.....idealo...,pia110c:oordiaa10 lnl ll?'c )"Annali pnrag,~l'obomìvo diT""""'-.., labefta&lilfioDClfflbanuu ,n dn>-.ioni d i ~ per ohoclcivi i . - ; 1111 loru pn .,.,...,. di C1pCllo <ile. invca:dilCIMlrrevn,otudia-all'AmMacletOooClcl'"'*-,miro.,_notd 1111 conquisa III Tolmino. c.........,_~ poi• e~ - C!llli mollo p;o mMllrooi." non si 'll1JIOIC' Mli propriolOIIOpOl40, pn la ~ d i - ....,,..lo. Ciii
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di.......-amaalc.alm:ollmli~edi-lopputnacdinlmliilà. 11 2'ap!O l 917. '!'ami> l'....Jicain,a ballqlil IOlll'hoMo- M1CON in piea,o 1vol.1inlnio. il 0lllll&Ddo -criacodecilrdi f•IJ'l)ello11i . a e m . i l ~ i l p. Wakllllnmdipramiar,, uffi,;,11meMei.nchiacaalcornando1'edetto. Gm>c1111111i.wonepcrilpovMeilllP(fll-
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DrlJ,o II bettaj!OI deli. 8aÌM0778 si OOM~.., wn, IIOOnùO In Jti l liffl1 fr...,;o. britannici elle pn,savuo l"h1h1 1fflncM nei woi 1fnm ~ v i n:ht in ~cdilC°""'"""...,._<;1,o:;.,__,ckate4,fcnnan:&liM11Celli. lA:ll(lf;,.ie norwiedal oe,,;,no ,nl<lrrnuloni me l'fUl&Ì'....., ~ _ . , . . ,...f«..,di w,prichc ,ul fronk ilaliano • ..:1•ilc>d,::I ritimdal mnftinn della R-.ia. ind«loC"""'111alllpNdmocd1~__,CIMD1pcr1mpollibolcrilomo oontmfl"cnsìV(I neMiro• ..,....., mapri o;f)I ~dir..-,., 11:dtKhL Nd rimon, di.., al1aaX1ncmicoinfortt. ùdo,r,,aOtdònò l1d,fcnsiY1M11Ut10ilfronle. ..,__1e&1i franro.bni-ici. d,r pn 1111b tispos11 ordmM:JMO ,I rilim dall"Iclc! ,q,ani d"am&i ..... eh< IVnatlO pann:iJ- .,.,. bwni all"Wldo«IÌlnl olfentoYI. Gli allcaù. ..,,....tulloif.....ui.-~o-vollc-m~1111ilcdilfi,çoltà ,:1..,..,......,..,..,.1·t,,..:n:1loilll.-i:t...,..,.,,..11r>-.. ......600U11difiun1ep,:,iup;ilmontano. che: -tiivo. in coofro111oagl, ahri ,a,cdiim ~cNS90cd .irmfuori drlla loro eoi....~oone e ten11ibihli >lnl"li<llo • 1a11iclw• .., i ~ l t n m l c , maum di truppe e mezzi. Ciò d1pmoir>1 dalle ll«USÌl.l cieli. prn11 alpina. dall"""'°""""* """w:l~diUUpprcmeaiinpmfonditi.. dallcdifflcohidori~clc!p!ff>d1 d'1h1quone pòll in .,-nledi1~kici<licadi ,q,fflÌ ochienlìtra i 1.000 Nil.OOOccl~mctri.chcifflJIO'lfVlillarJ,oriano 1 1o1lmerie.1<lcfericloc.ponalori.. o h f f a l l l ~ d i ..... ord-..,nlemlOri ................. ~ d i i i - d i rom....icaziunr. Necumep,j.. ,.,-(l&ffl,w,i,,,cd..,mauiott-- dime7.T.Ìc di..omini. chtpcr~odfali~climMici ......._1ooffrin:rlen1111U1dtn<.'OYffl . . ., om. ili coofrontodi (ll'l'Ho d>ten ridi....., tq1, ocarchicri d i pianura. La 11wcna inalta~.,..,fivnlccoal-ootlilu,,a 1111·~11nov11l;" kdollrine1a11it-t.. dciii nm:iti drll"-.,..em, l"",:,;le\._. infillti dw le baRacl,c """11Ì~ IÌ I\IOIFtlffll
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Adoliai.Lattno1qJ11clilfPff1ClV"''°tcopodik,,cnttl"••"'cnanu. nd wnod.:I 191S1<,,11 1·1--t"bbe La~là,...,.m.inopa-La-di ..i-*'..,orocM9i 1vridonrll91k11mUpmkrop;a,i~."di<lf)CfllR' 11l'flin«-.. COIICffll.-.odo fol'"r.c n,:i lealn opnlloYl nr, qui~ Jli lmpm o:cntnoli mino p,,ì ,-..lncnbi~. t d, t.-olgm: offmtivet"OIIC«IIÌlallritudi•eni,caa:hi«i. Non,.--,q,,incli. dw lnftigereallWfflicoil """""""""elabe1tqli,,di..-...i~~ .. runiifronti.ron.-iinoaeol'fenl1ve dw 11e din1i11u1Mero La ""l'*lli oprrati.-a_ rontnllu1Mm>1 -.nmt ,,,.,.._..,llfflfflle le "--· 1we,oe limi-=rulll11YS111m.1Lalibenid"uionepcr"""""'™" JlfflÌna: interne ,I fine di vincen: &li llllat, ddrlnlall - ,11, W>11a, prifflll dle ali Stali Ulli1i d ",\.m,encafoNeN) 1n&...Jo .. pa,_,_,n,....,,...oe1lonnflit"'L"F.......,,1a;..1i..,o adcmpl1l c,imp,1o111'idatocl1 nrl -1,Gd<H1tclMC'pad<U"lnkSa.nlllo:mdo.sopnnu110 oonlelip;tl~Mllrltonro.ldi111Jl<'llr'M1'9empttmagp:,riforze-.......pncheN1 lot<><arical pun.,che un"....wal<Um::ll~1e1111erven1n:IICll"onobn:1917 Jl"l"n'ÌW1oc ,ld,_,.,_Noo!rlldCla-,;INn:""Mul..aocltt,..vo ...1 19 17 . - - •·• """"',,_ Jli anp>-hriWIDri. """"mot1op,.... r.,...1rOCÌffll:ldrim,n:,d1 c ~~ ~ pcrtv,lupp.in:leoffmti.,.,ro,,Lapok,ln..l'~el.o«in!inuili,iod~ti lll'f " " " P f f l ' p r o ~ l o t c ~ •.....· So;n,JI di-Ìl:anc le, p,:nlil,;: MCUD ....,........ ..,l,,1<: ~li ~ I ...1 frunle orinltole IICf nw,i , - . f""*' le,..iboiediùdomo I WACan: Jlroll1'MÌra,,."''Cf'S1111) fd a kJsonrio ~"" ,1 punio di dM-cr ricllòtòtn: 1"1ii1110 ledetco. LII siluu.Nlftt ,id l"o....-.:11<>.,.b,q.i,..'U d.,pu Wbeliqli,, dc:lla S.-..U., c,a crit11:11 e ad nw
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IL SALIENTE IRREDENTO. IL FRONTE TRENTINO NEUA GRANDE GUERRA
Paolo Formiconi Bat111uardorei1Tm11,no ..l l l c a r u ~ • t r...... t1.-,,,leMorioMoawnari nelsuononummtakMlld., ...lbp<Mi1iamili~1&1tiani.cwnaonc,1lbmcn1e lediKeK
<k• lallrid,enc•;du'. Idea flwa da quanti....,,...,_, progcaarc La dilèsa della IJl',l"'VIIC ...,_...... 11&1-. il Tfflltinol\iia1,m!ltia......,v....,.,.,... ;1rnmpo1ino....,,.ledi 11n11 .,._;t,ileinvuionc clclla~itol&. In m l i i . ~ l'IOliL,ti del T""'UIIO via ,n.....ione dalla Onmani• all'Italia f11 JmlllR .,,..JWOl'IM Jo llk1ffll fa1:ori. p,aenli quui iMhcnili anche wlla
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IL RUOLO DEU: AVIAZIONE NELLA GUERRA DI CADORNA. IL CONSOUDARSI DEUA DIMENSIONE TAIDCA E l ' EMERGERE DELLA DIMENSIONE STRATEGICA
Gen. Isp. Basilio Di Martino INllt>IJiciow Qw,klll, anno ..,.,.. ckllo ~ ddLI Gnndr awm>, nel n"'"'1cn, Mllrn·oki,......., delLl . .1iado:lcnn....udaillfffllll\iluppiia:nolop:inel ocnon:dq.lilffllMfflCfllÌc 'l'fflmmlllLIIUla,mpo.,.lllpem,llft&lo-huencdinq,ocU.......,.~,..,ufficiiok t.,11nniro IJiun,rn • qunie a.cMiooii.•··wc """" r,t1tt1 ,neo the f1Mlion ol"t1lkina of OYl lfy ....lÌCS.W\Ìllcrylal:tKIQ lllfNllt)'lalrtin, Tbi1diwn,;'-isaoùlina;b,ol lmcn:
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pmscWKI dall' Ìlljjqftn Gian,i Caprun,., pmntllt bn, p,,islO di pmquir,, nbofflM do pN ampiol'Clpffl, amm,.....,,dal ~ , ; w l lilurilldoedri,:m,ti.,ri di Fi..flONl<l • ICrnlinc il 1° ~1916, SiC'lll"""'"°~dl~IO..'ffllbcrovolllloi ptÌIKCeS11'..-oriclel~polfts!-,1,;,om,IICIN'lldaGo11hoOoulleleci,Jk > Gi..,i Caproni, ma roo, ff"'lt'llionr.; ddi.,..v1 ~ . , - . . , ~ atracsico dclravia:riorw,,,xlull~1Yiluppò li ...-d,h,;n)1,i.11inel l917,crandole~per • =·-di.,.'-icaiadip,t>dtrlw. ll Comaaclo~-inull1priviqiarc ...,.,,iJW.OdcllelQWdrisli f d , ~ p i ù l c p l o 1ll 'andamcnlo,l,cllcopaarioni 111-.1n1nde(Jf'k)dcll"C1Wedcl l917, "'_,qw,drodi,enenlca,pcrioritìana. 1111ori7.fflnpet1111:WU....,;,...11apoa:r.,,.r<nedil'ula1lk:<1uahliaa,umcrok-·- · 1UAoilio1, ldriaeC1111roche..clla CIICl,ll)Olclel1'1l>lfflli>Klnt dclC'all'lpodibolU.Jlia
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l'olinoni ropn1e . . - ~ acllt per r.,..;a11ma. le c.oi bfoaeM .....,1110limiwe1cambid,~.,loWtaoindn,pmwb,lc:, epcrla 1.uallcria.icui ,oquaàrontJl~,_etji,ipo,AZMlllid' tlleA.dai\equalilboccu,:ÌmpmYVIMlfflmlC "" ti r.- pn,sm11111 rur,r,,:,,,.ni1' di c:arican,. n nio1o ddl'orma • l:9\'allo ...,.,;.,. pcm ,ndi~~~OMllopn:,lcno:.dcifimclliddloacl,icnmcnloedin~ionia ""1t<Jngaio«ontrolc1intedicc:mo,llicuione.Coa'l"'"Aep,a,..-lll11Uauiono!Vffliva ndnt.nkpùaqwlladellcaltrc ... ..,..i"""-da•·incolimoho~.al001111'Wio "'""""'°~""·..,fttr1f-.iltdor1ipieria.Aqi1CS1Gripar,lolcnormerii...J,,.._ ,nfa1tioomclcbat1criedovaacro1011Cnen:c~l'a,·anzaudcifamitd""""8&iamt 1·-1110contl loroli,oço-. Era,..,·i,.itm,oiopiratodall'ideloctooll~i-~S1110oopnM1uno ..... .......,.,,..difairlcria.comcllnlpMfflC11klCOnlllllOpriraadclla~•inltali.ochell<'I rnlO d ' EllfflPl,. L' ll'liglicria,cdao;i6r-,11r1aina,intm:adella~H1'-daaornrq,,a- • . . , _ 'f'JÌndi n,;cn: inf*llt> .; rap,di .-,..,.;••11c: immrdi.lo op:,'lu~ di l'wco "''""" obiettivi .,..ani all'Ìmpffl'\'ito, ad i..-nii ripduli ma di tn.,., dunta. l'oca • n~cninvettpo,Ua,iprobkmiilOpOflr*i. balisriried...:V~che..,.. jt11Nn,Ji~avrd,t,,,~,ri1ifflffldoQU<MOKaarÌOpcCUfian:della componcn1C - d' uwdio-.e1c:1-mo1ivanoroi&ttvMO~,nl«ondopA1101lluOa.,.-,..Jim110che l'f'lfll'N' da q,c,,1t p-,,bic,n,,lil:he cn wndi.,,._,, Pcr q,-.io • ~ . . , . , _ , · m di a,mboo;rimm10 -,mi., in faai. ,........ ,l<llc:qualia\'"'.. di>'tnllanra.proprildcllcrqol,mmwiorli1.1t1icht dofincOlloooiio.OldMl5fMCllwin....:c1N1dcv-li,dloditincrooi,.mo1n1t'azionedt-lla l•nicnac~lladcll'anialifflo.la~tra~M....,,_,;.,.1111_,.,inwrila ::~:.q u.l,ulkl tumbauimcsNoanolldo., d o o ~ loUIOnpiclam,cBM: ,;anc,:lbou.,dalla
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Wlr.òotwlkl1'""'1NOtt/dm,.,kNU,~rJd "/it,,c,,.,.......," Lo kmariG d-.,-0 dalle dìrffli..., d'-,..em,. ed i Pfl"'OPPOOilÌ *"'Ì dtlll ctrwl&K d ' . -, ~,:nn,:n,praao.,.,..""'1i clidl'.....,_ d e l l e ~ In Francia. l c prMpfflindi..,.llllftftdinriò'oeono,....._fOOll'-elaror111almarc old t'tuNMBmbibn'lil fmnlo, ..,.._.,11iC9CITiticontnlf'POIÙinMMlmlimlemi llon<:eraai diS4ai dalle ro1,1e oldla Maaica alla rn.cicn JVÌzzaa. CCIII le ouccaoi,-.,
.,«..,..;"e~cbrilMllidlcllClkrqior,incll'AnoollcnclloCliampeencliimpolc""° IChe'rM del.,-;_ dic -,,hm-. dftb-.• ripcwni con immuhlJik ~ l i. Al ~ I O di p,q:ww:ioa,c 1q11,.-. l'.....llo dcli. fanlcria dic. qmndo aalamaladilircuroWi.ri-..-.ldi~dcllc pri-hn,ocdi1"111CeCMlloper osoc,viinchi<-ditadJll.o - d o ll'arti1l"'"".........,c•""'""'dilOli10riaocciMadqli
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nai11'e1m:11ofniomittoffii.-.pildiqy,ello1NHOO. Tu11o.....,...,-.,...i,~nqh .......1dd Rq"'C1CrCIIOCle~ttichc
salientiddrif,o d,pem,clMli.,..,.,...,.-...ilemlal06-cCICfurono--...idcalillçai,:. In...,. confettnn lfflUU • I Cim>lo afflciali di Torino il 11 febffluo 191j il tenm1crolooncllo d"wuat,,:riaAPlolli110C--acfnm1 .... puniu.Jcdearitionc, cclètlnn<lo 1l...-edilruc.le..,..,. ......... ,mcpanèoli,1np,fi.cucchlem,.,,....,
llni1u il l<mpO lklk bMlaillòc r;J.., ai s>'OI....-:, "' w f-.i ....,,,.,,.;y,:. dolk 04uali .,...,
proup,n,..ic Il .,.,1l1,,n11 prima. l".-ti&lieril po, ed intine la f..-ia.• la llffllll,lia m, on ...osforiounòco,lÌ.l~pi(blo,Wllfanlml.._la_clklcilddlc.,.,, dll\,o,:,o ndùc«.-.-mtg:i,JR:...,..,,._pàlo...,._i<n:1<lifco.Jd1etm""'""" il ,_Ila.IO di rfflllere l'anc>M più lena, impmendo l a - ~ e pn,1.....,00 Il dunl.11
dd comt..lllmmllJ. Dill'lfilm,:1111: Il bMtqlia po1eV1. av= canncrc<b:illvo, ed '"allo deciMc),w...,.,.,,..~dle"l,IJ-flMriYlmli,pe,ch,! il difcnaon,halmlpOC-Wpct prcpenn,linetlllCttlf.lwdi~ chea:li-clip,ol....,...,111nna<11 .... potWonc ad .,.·a11n e po, ad u "ahn IIICOn~. l'-,.cllll IIOeffll di ma,wvra casiin..,...,...adi~claqualttipi,ùridlttil:ltll ~ ~... a d ~
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1d~-••evai~iioc-imp,,divacliom::an:diuri,..,11p11........,ac1...,. iolu..aooM ,n tcn,po~,l"aoc,adolc.-...,llaKtf71'-ILl,..__0.-.enqu1ndilanc111U ,.11·-1... -..a I l - ' " ~ d, fooo,;o rot1 riloluti dM: - l"*varo> CMCJC qutllilopffllb, Lllaioneenchianedi,,,oqo,ti>'«llbile: "'Nont1~~""coa l"ur110L1
,i110riachc-tMaUprima((lft!(!Jllillcolf'unca;>'Wnfflfflll1l fucile l"IJIPICIÌOdlc,ti ~ ,nd.,_.t,ilccdwoolo~~~clu&li•, Udi-.oroi-dogli~-....-~rilevalodal-(crenziffl,,
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dd «w1llillo,oontribumdo lOll I r*&li -.mm, il CM111tim di
11...,..d,poc,_, .... ...,.......,_ .. ..,__Ne,..ulla,·a""q,a;lto"'t111-tnwa......, piU~,o k-..-~cnel'faklaP*ibi~làdi•,wcrin,.lllkpcsdil,:"""~ _,..iCO!ltaljffllidìin..,...laKiavainllmdcn,dwilconm.nloli~fln*a!lufu...a 'f"ll>do-dei~-·-_...,_kefleflÌe. Gllrmdik>tO"rnetllO dunqoocol1reclocdìpo9i;rioac. Ìllcui>'ffi'Vllfl"'IIO allcauanc-,......,.i1protcMOd1 -~·ddca....,diballlsliliorizialo .. ......aopn-. L"atlellzxlnr pcr q. - ........,;... .,; diffffl fmMi del awlino. cd ia JW1Ìoolare oul f....,..occidmcale.inl'luòmdlo911lla~uruca•.,...-C. A.-,l'ffll'O'IIO -bùopa pnòdìmcnocancKDdl'._..,dimln'Cc........,dìia,pieao-li~ l'"*illllttedalk~lwdell o - . . i o a ~.CM'MlffllDl."Mchcnon <:fll,-ihikmodillnn,~wlbm'Cpcnodo. U•-.,rao..,l <fMlo:mipcrahn.>
puMÌbilci'*"cnn .................. .,.,.u..d..tt....,.,__del 1mmullillinchil"" olf...,.ivad,e.,c~ia,·cdilfflsn,a.- l"i......,._ci.~r.no.ea--........,...,1 campodihalia,Jia,cnonacai,oùdon,arill:nnc,~i-.,.,Cl'l.,r.:.i..-1•//mo,i ,k/r-di"""'ac/ia.pwbbli<u111<1191).to11lc,..,,,_.__.__,,al/"/,1n1Zio,,e drl/uWNiddn,,,y,odi~li<,-itl~.· Pochipcw,,idc,polilla,..... dell "(IJIUKoloAna«à.,,._,. ç,oi c.bu inlendrvl ,,.,..,., , ,:nllll'ldlbawpcrllcondonadel~offfflflvo.nnpolanclo,I• ,llll "iMwmc delk direuin ;,, vifo,e. pcr poi dtuan! le..,.._ da wguin, ntll'lf'Pli<,M1i. A
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~ , ; p . , d o i l r . M , . , p , t ~ f f l l - - - - n tl lCfm>O.,d,em,-.., ..,.,ffllllaff"1a<X1mt1d1mnoalleproprielruppe.... pcr__,,l"dl'lclc.. drl 1,ropnor....-..·. Nedmva.Jia.,.,.,i•....,_cspticllO. .........,..,.ddr<>lfcmin romeazioncprocraai.-.effll10<lica,~dal ......... dq:li 1for:zi11tllldil"Uiorw rrac:cha,lll<UldoloK..... thclÌ ....V1prc<ilando•Francia. h1 ......... pi,ùch;..
e din:aavienepnòaff,,,_"".awvcqli~del coall,aoiacono.e-vidnol,,: 11li lllltilolo__,delllcm:olaft,erioeilruoloom1nledell"amcmfionulc. \linepoi ...uoli-..l' ni!JfflZldi~l'arionc:delle ..... .,.;r,elq,<a<kudìllftlVtlÌOnOe llt'liUrilollollodor.oeda(IICl,IUpn,pot;iovierlent.lilOchc
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1-....... 1ll"•ln. lfUMÌ o:me onde rinc•b••"""· ~· eacn:n-iu l'impullO dì ..... apina, >Ìp,)1,11 ..... ~~- lnolln: ; """"""*"i ckvtft, ""'"' .. pire lo 1volg11,,et110 <lfll'- QOti dli po1ef inla',,n1in, con i ,.....,..,; • dispoeitione. e 'l'leMO ..,__,kil~dit.11.,Hamodem.>1i1,-r,pazioVU010. d,m,""pooolÌ~cdc. m1 ai t colpiti, il pi• do,llc """"· ìponndo da quale dircz'°"" e di_,. il fuoco l"""fflPM· [)i qui l l - l l d i ... tffit..,.,_,,;,,;,,d1- -·- - ""l"- ........ darqoi.e il tiro dcll "111i&licrio w1ilÌZDlllio NM:hc i mcm Km. al i eia 'l'>Ì che ooavinc panft pn .... l<V*\'il,.,iod,clmezz:oleffl> ..111,utmdiCadoma.
t,,,li_;,,.,,,_,.,, rimpù:;.-,aniN,N-=io,vw/1W l'kll"....., llll41".:rorl-cnenmMOncll "it1vauriodct p,incic-ieocn."Hicuropc,
dopochi111t1,clcidceinmml<lal100impiewo.,_,....,.,.,.,.,Flll',._, ...,...,w r-koondizionolcdalll.,.....lc:U{lfflll1iv1di ... conninodi hm'C!duraui. Qurou na l11it...,,.,... ...-t1cinllalilldovclc:N,,,,_pe,r;1.-..,c11pnn,dinmMccon rr&io>dct:mo1125oaot,,,, 11114prev,,cln·anooollml01"~capi<nnR. Trat '..,.aoed il...ucmbftddllll',du..... lllffve.wa..,.,.,dipem,--la.QIOl'i&C:ptt'I....,.., 1Cmbraronolro>'1rcc:onfcrni.m1ilradicalcnmbiammlodìl('ft\WNlclc:lmnÒNIIOdol COMOlidlnidoifroc!litnnr:ffllliponò1ridefinttt"°""'e,:n,np1idnnoezz1ocm.. lnf1m enon no«csaarioprivilqion, 1·- -·-palllalcdi lln,oli tmridellallwmanonc d1fmaindel1 '1,-.·-.,...1e~pn.,...1unquciairiuiv11cara11ffeolfcn1iw,, e Il coopennonc con l"wciclieria. in rap.,nc <lfll"imponan,.1 che......,..,.,. il tiru 1 punllmenlOilldirffloconttobcnqlidcfilali-...,;t,;1i111M~1-. &amodalilà d".,_,. che richiedeva ,.,·orpn;um,,w lolkgulll e ......,__ cfflcaci I'"' il collqponcn11111'11 il ,clivuloc le lwlucric. J1 ~ do,llc, comuniario,,ì ~ fu riaol10c:onilncono1llaradÌ<lU'lc-s,afia.......,1Ae,.,.lo1tl.ldoodcltagl..,dellc-,.,..,...,..i 1vvrnarie li fcccnano1lll"*'tnfìa. Nei pnoni,,...; <lfl 191 5 'f"CMCC....,_ lceml:hc divffllanlnO di IIIO scn,:n.liu;alo e r,el ......,.. del 191j_ in Ottllionc do,llc ofT,u.,vc ,..ll"Anot1.,11fecericonoall '....-oplanolftC'hcpn1•·=ic,,,pnti~epttti,einf~ "'1J'l'UIIIU'Ìdclllf..-..cri,a.1cuiliinclloeit0di..,........,~dikll111Jlcpoli,._,~.. vilraui"'*- L"npori....,IO_n..,l. ma'f'"I0"1Wll1W>-~~~t ncl1"1t11tt\"ffll0 del velivolo da _ _ ,.arion,e I l ~ mn!i ..... w • ~...,.. oullmUIIC
alp,obkma<lflcol~lrll-..diclnlppc. Atvawnoi~~ilddcllimiliwiques,i1vitpPpinano,epfflditiWfflM:idelRcpo c,en,ito<,Jt1..,.~ch,:ritJilllffllÒOnlllekCUKdiCOMffVltol'ÌIIIIOalÌmmobiliM110.
c f11 tuJlai,.,cdi~irapp(>lllthcill 7"°"ffllbn: 1914 l" llf'CUOl'IIO_,,IÌCO, IC..,O doel ~lecn olkn il rolonndlo M..-irio Mari,, Moris, indicò alla Oiruionc .,.....kdi anialicnaeF11iollncaaitàdi~1a1Zai,dup,al!'~10<1,.......,p;,, dc:dkaic:lllen'mod"ll'litlòeril.SulfU"lebaliil6dÌCfflll!ltT l914C........._oonil fudio11.lllltolipnllOCollo,chictealminio1rodo,lllGuatallCUIÙi..,..,.,.,,t;oquam,llie i,p«ialina1tdloMKgnan,lllcllrfflllc. Dloomuncl«ffllotoo11"1~acnnakdi anitlÌMI il__,, <!elle- ..,.-;si;e fu flUll!ù in cillllllC, e ncll"inlnMo di di...,.,., di
m.at,,:rialcdi volodi,-ICnl,IM;helldcpalie, r-ordi.wialli,dit1aM11<XhilOc:lffllPAl'I dd.......,pa..,bopoao~C011lapoaihiliDdiua_.......,on:l,_,,..,.,..altn:W, L' ,ndowriana,ionaw, inqo,euo,;cmc in altri,-. - fu i'""' 111p.todi nlf)d~i projpM!mlCful100d,xÒIICldiacq11iil,r,:inf.....:ìaaicu,,ì_...,..,ia,,elal..-U,d,pn,J,.m,o,,c ddhiplaaoC_.,,,,,0.3 Pitdil'licileffll"""i.,..ollallWICall7lldipòkiliedi.,.......'MOri, -:heacaua.dcl1ttr,p<>nch010pc,lakwo~Malpa,do""'*J,fTtoohJi1I 111....,..ro llllS, ,:o,, d d"'t"«'O n. 17• la 0.f!morw ..,..,,n,lc di ..,_1,... dcl:Mai•• •• .,.,_;..,,ione liUll'a,eruponu di Cen!O<Clle. '"in via di operin,mkl e l"'"''tt,OOIIW, a far dllll ...11• ap,.;1e,di1111P"l'Jl'IOdiJqUadri&l~di1,W-pc,l'111iaJlffll,rct1odl11n11tf,c'"lc "'pcri(,re dell'annoep,M<>olledipndm,:clklli, '-tionc.-ndedi...-ic.oP<Tlli
...,..~tilc<:nicieddl'l'flCll<lnkllfflfflllodiafflaJicnaperl'............ R;rnanev11 il problema òtllc C'l'IIMmKVioni. La c,.....i.n, MWHJIOI ,h..-W hf (;w.n,, c~-1a1IIOli:btni,,,1i1118alla&liua:aYiallnoilmòla~••..,,t,iJiR:chc
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Q1ic1.1o avtebbe perm,:MOligl• ~ • 1cm di Ladiruòono del " " ™ J l i o ~ > il\odl\·ok>e diealrx>bmcli,d~ ln flon6-dtllaq...,..di
Ml!"Yolo~l11&edicll'Miroior.m1talc:.COfflllnl~diCIICrffll&l10dÌ-alMdo a,·rebbero~alleblllcrio:dia,,nunicm,:,;'()r>l'_.,~inYl.*.I
Giì...-iprimò....,.·.-iolln,&unlieB,el!da:nudolJ'a,ionrche"l'rib.__,delk bartql~dcll' ltonm,~C~. . . c!,eb,...,_dit.o,;,ct,.,daruo.:c,di~Clf'OSSO ~•libroffll....., poil gn~dall'impoqihilitli dì ~ a l nqho le pod1tditpoaibili COI>
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~11· ..marc1c,;,mandia-vandicare&111bzidosl11,·illori,ildoawnmlolillttOl1....,va rfle.mtntre,nrnatì-qevolepa-l'OMCIUIOn!oepiftl°llndarllie!IIOdelliffl, llmn.itofacilccn_ic_&~csili. l.epn,«dlnÌllviaon=~moloocambi,o
dipodutoe,nplic•-.aieod,IIQbcht,oe"'*""""_...,.,ltic>en1ipalades1priono, dell'flbieujwu,lo-,.,mul10-.,-.ioaihlla>11di~lcoorruionidll.,...we ai.....-,ditwo. ~...,...,,qi.-liNilwoaill~iva,ridli--'oaialJeproc:alun: inU10.~c--lc~fos«rO,;,..,,_w..,.ca,uqmdrfflaUinor1La 1:.25.000. iadicuido ooa . - orbizm..aaario LI 1111.n e Il potizioac 1'cl t.c:n.,lio ed evÌÒfflZ!Mdoi~dicacMadrioolpi.QunleinfOffllNit,.,;~....,_..,._ialo: alllballcnllowmuMCale,k,pol'lllffla&&ÌOllc-.dod'.ni.aJierildioorpod'.....-, con il lfl9lo il__,.,., d·-·~ ·- dowvll ..~.., collcpmenlO ltldon..:o dlfdlO. F.n ..,.proceduraa,mplaA.ftSll..-..didifficik..,..ziun,,di,r.noriqufillwioibilitl.lc i;:ondiooai-.lcricbl:. l'dlìcimn clei mcn:i. llulnricammle Lo climtiYI avwa"ti>11 che ..,.d,bero11ffVnopuil<lrl111padlcatian,llritffl:adel beffatlM>,Ll.,.delia,iu.ionot
l ' ~ d d 1iro.t~"lchtil,-.=li""°llllen'""istc....,.....noiii•11ilio allt~leritdimcdioea:r-ocalibfo.-•lc~111tiadipmcedln1ll ' . , . . _ 1 ' cl
1,m,rilnaadola,-mono.,,...,a,punridiadula, ... d,ocpon,1'-sar..c-~lo dd~1irodlidl'\cada, ...1.....i,,-rcn1ittdellcdo:Yw:IOftlliano._'""""",ill ,,d-ddliro-, Nel fOAO dtll'e,iaie i riwluu r........ modnti, mala,ado ,1 prodopno citi sa-le e la ~ !ili dli .-ni dli fOlnUllteal'ÌMC m11lion, qtali i ptt,wi • fllniMa multipla ~ - ~ Oonalh. L.a ............ili d,;,llc proco<.lln, l'.....ffin<Me . . . . _ , ' l,miri citi n a e n , 1 ~ e. -u.ltima. la'-d\du,ciadeslilffia)iai, imprd"'*' dtc il...,,.WQd'lffisiìcru1- i l ~i-ljlCl'IIO.NlaM1-1111tpOl'i,.....,
.....odtoc,ti _....,,; ~espcric,,lat f'alllilianu,i-(OII , 1 - . me,,u,e: <JCKa,. 1·, m.-..n.., n ..;...; oJ onis)iai. Sul flnin: di .-.,o .; dihi: poi.., d«oo ..11o do ...... ""' l'arrivo da primi lfll*'Ml l'lldioceltplic, pC!t llnflÒCSO ~ . Quco.ti .......,.idifi,milunr...cac,..,._;.,-lun&he'.....,d'Olldlidi l00-200mietri, r--,ooolo-,ed'•lnl*"'IIIOCnOlosiadelt'epoc.1-. ... inpldodlifomin: """"'ilori....,...t,ili1bonlo di1mwcliYOlo,1M.,...C011quet.lolimiloll"""'*lrpa(,o,
p(fflldlCVlldliarian: 1 dÌl&Nlitdida:inc did1iloinev, i11MWIMionipiiimwncdia1ec <~,mplcto......... ,.cod""'l:Nal<.>""ll'alfabclo M,..., L·inizialoi-ddillbNa pulelll:Odi............._, dtclimilavl l1pnrau drl,qnaleclolfflllcvl"'fflffllbilcoa ..llc~OCCIMOMli dtcalcliihlrboinlèN..,,,..k:<k!k.u,;;..idikml•w~. fuiapancM!pCIWl<>ncll'-C<>llllian-itipoMM:Oni.cheda..- ..... qoaakht fkuibittdonrllaoakadella laci,c,:nd·Olldli.
llj .,...n,191til'Ulk,oMMll.........riciddC<nando~Pffl"'W1diKipl"'""' l',rnpiquddmazoana,ia~~coo,ll dittnivaS,,ndodilllmptr- 8 ' Oun,,o:.ioo,r , . _ . ; c.,,,,; J '. 4 - che rionii•va e Ìlllc'lfl"" il_,.,._, ddk: ,lòtp)lirioni-.: lno lldlolkn.OU,C,•-~i- - - - . . . , . . . 1·~ di..,pica,,IOWeai:conlonali1w.-icchi*"" impiqartì. c d 1 • a ~ d, n ·ilan,-,inUlilcios,)riolllei"fl"'oll. "MAi dclicaacdi difficilcricallt,i,,-,il ~
1mi111:mllmlldlclcricopizionidtllc"'1uodri1lic -a:naae11c,o,pid' __,_devono __,,,,.duplicModiquclledtlk:oquadri1licallcd,mkdipmdau,,:ddlolrffllk. N <IIIIÌfl&ll"nm" p e r ~ ed 1mpoeua, ;., hnH co. le """"'liari es.,e,lM dtll1 ptrn, di .-,ziontdlca."'lll&lbillllidelllfNnk,l'aamudipand,"'°'tmftli.,l ........ ,..-;1"PJIO
de1n:aididifaacd'arllpmll· ricl,oede-ria)p1..-, doporu,ul,nllb- palUCllli e nulO . . . . . _- , O. ritJ la pandi< imponanD d c l i i ~ . . a, -planiinevil fcdel ,,ai.... dellc,-.nonj_he-. ld,w ,-ltillwliodtv....c:IM:ftdol]'_.,......, nfcntiad-çanoal?HIOOqudrftwa.riponand,(,lilOl..,lllcidolO\'nppllllibilolll 111VMRINC<ftlMl--..ì,1i~dt&lilcltiaillnf;iautlii,...lidioolk-pmco*>
...,k, ~d,pw11Cowt..,..O.Nclk: -1JlioltoeaM-lfldlCMJC011 nfcrimcmo.U.-c.N~iden!iflc.lclolia111 ,l --,delquodffllocoJM11D
, _ n . i l . . . . . . eiteoordi..k-~illllliltilni:lririoptao.U'an.,&o ~cliq11e11G. L'Ollffl~ddtiro.dl,111ilizzani~1V1lllUllioòi""norie dimcdiocPQNOcalibto.p,òala'Cf111aroio
ri""'osn*o.,.._.,«>lpo.no,-.-a1-•-...t1opo
tliN•......--~-nl.....,oo1po,...oi,o.......,Ollbito•rolo i~drl,...._lir<>di-c<h~~- nlinoddl'. . . . _ ~ . . . . - ............ (,irud,<ffi,;,.:,.)
c;i;.,.n;nspeno.imnq1111.......,,n11ica11;11din:rioa:~Ptuia....-J<>N.1..,..11 ~ c l , :lllhancri..lct,,:..,..alwi,nnm~oJ..,.ildocalmeridianopaAantipn ilpulllO, ~l~lar.illk'$icltllcdi..,.,.izioni.--MO,'f\lCl-.quc,tc nonncfflfl01111i1tCa-lcpouibd,.. dftme>7.ied1A11o&he•~lleinvi1""'111lhnlc o<XD:flialc. Cinoc-andw•'fUCMOllf<Wmnell'-cl,:l l916r.inui-unboonlivdlo dii111q;IRMlne1nl'WsJiml~ilmm:o_oJ_tr:'f\'WU,"'*ct,,:lf\Mlconfcrm1 nellcn"splLLMe~...-1;. 1n~cdiccmhre. S..Lliain:dcl1916 fu affi<IN>aM·............,,1•ut,pcria_,htiltomf'i10diri,:lali.,..nuiunlailllllllfulori..Lacirwla'cn.9 l l4dinm,,u,4al~ddlal'Atmala il 27dicembn:ra:itavainpropo1ilo:
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L·ouerva10repo1n-.W11ril,:,.,wc l'~ddlllincacripo,uri,;,.,11110Kll1ao di cui, lk,poa>'ff1vwrtito-un·o1tn furnllta Il f-,teri,,di rit~i wpl~ lallcil,va ,_ oopilUlcomandodiOOl'l"'d......... Nc111pmnavm1<1c11,11 r • .,;,,,;,,.,.,1talùnar.."°'*""'.mii.nc1r;.-didarc "'"l,IIOff unili di indiri..., ali'........, lki meni Km nri wuon dlii froalco affidati alle , ...,... annetc. Il cin:olan: e. 86000 dd'Ufficio onlirancnlo e mol,iliwionc, lt~JJriM'n'i:i--nt'ipr,,uo /'nnri,o..,,1,i//,.,,,,, d.,...,..,l ?ILrnanri 1917cift...,_.da-= ' dtspolirioorididma&lio.il l0apilcfuronoiaiuii1iiooonandi d"-.tic•d"...-.,1)lcCUÌdipcndcme,pcrsJÌ ldlpfflid'impiqo.lOalic:iodiKiplÌnari,
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VfflM!'Opollt Ìfq*!IKffÌ -.-;.UCp-,;liiaaili. l.c,quednalieda lÌC.'Op>ione1\Jrono
r i ~ i n ~lied·-.~•u·~inprofoediclcoquadrislic di COl'po d ' - , alle q,.,ali era aft\dllo ,I_,.,,.... * I l ' ~ 1 breve rqp,, m campo a.nito, Pff ~ a l l o r i ~ cldb ~ difaisiva • - ~. alrindiv~ lki bmasJi per 1'-,is.licria. flll'......,-.ùonc del liro. .i tm"iòo di collcpmienloconlcra111tne. La """"" ...-.uun dclt'niari<a: di; ricoplwonc: 1nM1, riacontro •tl'l,i,.i,bw 1•/ HrVizio<ll~à~-.dit'liaanelmagp,191 7 ~1npMC,leonicr.,&odelk
~id,tftriw.Vn1M--.U11,:t;-,.......,,,1,r,11c,..,...iun,,IUbi....,ilcatM1Ctt 11u1K<>di.....,lledioeoi llf>WlleYlftOfinoa IS-20 Uldalle lintt,d<r.·ccn ilcMlf'Od'a,_....., drllc ..........•docupod'M1'1111A.atil cantlnc-&ieodtllcalw,c... po1n_,cnt,c nrdi. . dalaw...ndo1Mp1nn11<1daicomandid'--..allc....-.:l•d'1rm1111. Nccllc
1U1Kl"'f~Mn"iood'ani&1iaia-c·.._..,..., l i - . l 1. \'mivanllMilodltoprnava .. t-.did'lftialoeriadicorp'ld'......uindiau,ollleoquadnal•ihnaclinl~ ,,1c11oridi~,l,li-i6dl'ouernton:nma11CY- r . . . . - ~ c llcanaal2HIOO, •,.,l11DA!riaperriportan'i iffl"-llalidillle~.,il l'""' Mitnrillcan!, pun11di ndu1adci«>lp,, Ml\anmli., c,1111, poln'l affiMl::lni la lflk<:ho111 fulo&,alln. Qlak... ~di-1lic't'fll,n"-po,rdMn"00do......_llllllbekdi --.,illl!neiMISiiH<'l'N~, Sc:wg11idi,p,»~1•ich~Oll>C1pm:W P,ICO all'idabilic6d tuno ~lio:abili W1 pani<:tllari con6woni di ...,,h10dlt b fWllma.,IIAl>'OIUI molo•idwlo~ wb>'Olo,idtnliflcawda~iroknritai monwui allri.c..,__....o,l1ep11<didliamau.ruo1iiu,10da ,.....,po,; r......1e.1,·n:bbcacp110 .......i afumN..i ...."'"lllillilS-SOmc!n. L'_,.,,.àoff,npomndo,ulllcwu, ,"""';<11 OO•cqu,es,i lli aln•--.ArdibcMIOinpu>do indivi<kMrclllinca,V11111a.llnciaiodu p,,i .. ..........., COR ~ i n f ~ 1Ul poUO di comhattimc,110 del coniando 1nlcrc:MoOo,0<po1oi&<,do,..,_...,boalloodiN9oal~. L'cspme,llJldelcam,odibauaalia
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a,n:bbo:di.........,chc..c,~i-bnvisibili.i,nillorilo_al_per ,l..:,miro.Lc"""*~- ....,ndi!IO'lltituilcda.....,.ch1dactw• ......-_...... 1111 ~ pmub,t;.n, pnmcncvanua, reparti di "'viarc -.-. b n : o , j -· ~-· i.Alla l'ffl\-.dcif-.pcultm.fiasubik>e-·idailechcdorcpnoliu-,._allcnonnein-...;.. Cf111U11.'ll1mclle,.....·ole,saa per lelin,iruioni proprie dlii mrn.i6i per larilul!Mndcllafanlnia..i-;...,..1;.
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eo.,;1- - • · 1 1 ~ d a n , r o p -.. en,-~allcequedri.&lit , ~i 011l<M1plldib•t1aclialafillnnnmiadirq,utipoliv.......,•l11Uia1volam,-I-.,.: 1ipo6imiuioncrithicsoodoli00ffllhdidicotpod'-.. l11rml.. lidilllCJlln!i1fl'lf*Ubik .,..,romw,n,,aiem,,bfe\.1 o:lotN:ioai,o,pnkiclMlki di lddeslnmcalO......:tliowian:
r.-·~.-...-•IS.-
"'" incnmmocnu dm..- dal faaocllCalcune...-Jn~JCcnonolli , _ odllU-C--lflPaWl~od- 1n lkMdidfcw....
l"om~io.il~cl1>'olodi__,,,uzi<.alcdaunuoa11111klli"'C....O.JcFannaa.ll cu,npi11>dc:ll'°"""'"MOaCdcllim,cpo,lio,amcn,lcolcllcna,pirioftid'an,&1ien&, n.._ coallffldalo allc......,..iitpld'aru1liml.cllc1,-_,11~cdirnttrl
- -. i..1oropmpaaiva,_iu,diKm11pa"l'111,p1•ibilì1adi-..iopm,r,: CORi0J cdi··......,,1a.,_imporww,oleU'ut1.,i.e,,... ..TeM.rop,ir1a11>llent1a
1N1P"fllOlalcdaimpc,rft...,..__lac,ca,_.,.,..di ........lic1,p«oaliu.-c. ln..........,IÌ k.lm'lq,,indiapm'<'(letcl&Jl*'ialiulllioitcdia~sc,aadnllM"IICINnwod'Wl,al'""'•d.__dclla ......,,,-,,npòll-dcllo_,....•dillpuli-.ioncdi c ...,._~dal--,crar-,;oo.-inlodc:-ll'in,po<M,;aclrl<Ofllribulod,,c. 1111111-~p,:,levavcnih'6all'avoa;i1C1111. -dllritewfloindÌlpffllll)ilcper Mi1 ooonplclucddlbtt~l<:>dcllcwp<IK..-diballcricclic1Hdispo,ra,,,.>M,
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ud1c I OOIIO di "rinuno:iP I parie: Jd ~ d·unpq,;, dovJì am,pl1111 per ocopi oltenll>'i~.' 1:· ,... roafemwl ddlo ddìnitiva alfcrmazio,,c dcli,, dÌll1CIIMIIIC 1a11,ç1 d,;:ll "aw~.,,·atf~cknoohodo-ve-.-aalli...,llodi1&1penoritl-a,nqia!Mal0 Jrl'DC•ll•"'Clìdatfa(illckll'avw:KNdocax:ia.ilciffln<IIMIICpa...,_;,rlihnùdì ,,_,..,bipclfl<ldarieogl,i:oonc:.
//~-elu.-,pn,,1Ct1~J91 7 Nd r...~ 1·a>'ÌDi<lnt ~ , . , ~ c h e l"nn,bbc ben P"""" poot111ad.,...illiffun1pm:iaa fi POOOmia.puri...:ianw ...11o,r..,..,i..npm..i,1e e t,,q,.11e11iontddl'indiptndie,l>;I M l l o - - . Già .i .,..,..cmb-e <kl 191$ ti ... IVUlo I " ~ da ..,,.,ii da bomlwdomenlo a l l e ~ dd Comando IUJ'ffll'IO,nin..,.d«,_ ,..,,....wJlffllCipiodclla~de111ilf«xichc ...
ital_,.
ancbc..,e,pim,,""""'*inteN,;,di..,.w1lenzlCM_,.,.. .idiU,dd-Wt,,:o, eM'l-..,..JariPM>lildqliobietti>idot.,;....,cn,1UUrona<>lidabo-,..,dnw;:,om& ine1,oo:1e,,. i polti di romando. le ÌNbll. - , !opt,chc ..i, c....., cli .,,imonc, - dici quali.qucllod!Aiwvw.a.fuilprimooboc:ltiwo._,dlunaco,pi,,dirrimolOriCapn:,oi, allonlclebut1<>opcnlffl'o.il l0q<>1111 191S . LlpoUÌbililàdilllacCan:obocttiYiloatani dalllllinnd<lffl>NC_cn_luuapnori, ,na· _.,.·--iolàdapn;llden:111 ~ a o l o ,n CMoptll'ti,robri,lld11tanpK>qv.11krispo,,ulldMiakoshciaizuoti,·e d<II'•,,,_.;..,, oome roel .,-, del ~ di u.i1,tana dcl 18 khbnio 1916, oonotpÌIO ...... rappra;aa)Ìlpcrl"i--11UMilano<k!Plffl"l4 Nellllprima,·... dcll917, 111 .iacadellln.,..,..ia~llileddlc~i. il problcmadoll'-·- · -ruesami11MOdalLIIDl,r~ae,wn1td'............,.,•llorlre11a dal magiorsa,cnlceno..-,o..tti1,11Marieni,in11npromm,ori,,iDdirina,alrolm•llo G 1 ~ Molla, capo dcU "Ufticill oaviz, aetOIYIIIÌCI, 111111 bue delle cantlmllicho del mataialtillocnirio edipnwi1111""""i:li.....,.... Dot-,•-~d1elcoqua,clritlie dal'K'Olfli....c........,impòepleocq,n:•llo-lC!IOredtlfron&e, pn,...;..,,.m:.., bucMlofl"IMamml<la.iaimandìepennfflffl!"l,lioucrvalaidìacquilffl:1"iadiopcnut,ile f111111liarilioon i l - , Maric.ò 111u,,richc:q.cllc:dl cacc1.1 non f.-cru,n:olalcad,., innodifflWlle1n1111:1ùerMClll.,...,,lloruÌMCfVfl*>endivol11in...,,..pii~ Quanloalbombudanw:,,10,lcCW~ieli111,._~0D11ìlcapn,o,1CLl da4.SO..,..,iloollepnlmlo..,. l'UÌIDIIC ... lkfor,edi1e<naaaupical,ilcm1aoo~ Ncd<riv,,va-~indiprndi,:n,adiell 'arioMdabomhardammlo, mo1"-.ta111lll moedi val~di~~-in,rlazioncal\a-indq.liobitnM:
s.c;4·_,_dlo _ _,,,,..ia,piop-o,C.,..,..;~o<"" ...,,..........., .._WW&iclo<o1Modor; _....t'.....r.,.~di ................... od ........ _pa_donni .. ......,..
IJ COIICCll(ldi i n d i ~ dd'inlfWPolliMliYOdd -.,.,........, DOII rbhc ncll'...........,.uhcrion •vil"R'Ì•di ll 1pochi ilfO"aÌl'Ultic,iolC'f\'U'Ì-iosilU'ml!c
p,..-~diritelloca-c icopcrmolli di~iw:lpoùlffl!IÒBqua<lro
ddlodorllla,mplcuivodcl RqioC1m:ilo>.aùk,...x,l,e i,, l'unàoMdci M'Odf,llic Jellalipolupd.nbcna&l1dallallen. F.''l"fil')il_di ... ~dlftnbol11<>~ 29
......,,..;.,...,......;d·...... .,...,1o110DpOdidliarifftom1:'1~-...concorn:rcalkopcn,:ionooK..,.;w:cdifnooiycdclc ........ OliubldriY1dipo1nOale....,_crww.>divalinftcwsi,aolLlbaMdeli.lon:idiUM21 ...Ila l i - del froalc e della l o t o ~ li lilli dell'andamenlo delle operu:ion,. GI,
-obb,ctt,.·iv,c,111-ennoq,,tll,.,,,....,qualipoinw.awni""nltlllllidopronbimmtdlMI cmc.:i,a.lio-..li dli<nnli, dle-fronlidclleopaanoni- lnlfUCàlaproopctlin l'arioncdoima:zicla~dovCVIICIKff-coon!i!WIDDnl'az..dc:llcfor,edÌllll'ff.Cquì..."'ooSC"iin _ _ _ _ _ cdin1tmaarmon11colleope,aziolli dc:llcA,-- ltifflaal1dablol:im, d1>'0N invol11indÌl;al:icla,,;,orundi d'...-,.,._le t1Mncal1rincalnedi...,,_11.,-..1u111ad-diilaftaclallahnadellìonlclalecla far,:diqua1oea,io,o1di~le..- . . . .ici.--inrc..,._ alprublmo,I ,Id tiru .,;.....i.,,_..., pcn,W la penndln'• di a11emtt in lemklriu
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amico•l.,...,diklroow~i11moooriodidaMisnvi~dalla,a,._~ Aloa:oodolt"l'l"'~Jlì"obbidliwisulklCUOYic-, òdcnlffiatjcoa&lidcrncnli dc:lla compie--.... di -icaz,o,,i ( ' M - , a lo , 1or... htlhco · - ~ . 1ticn&n,._,Ìll~~le.urionifi:mmaric.idopoliliprincipali, le.......,d''" C<ffllP(llldma di.i p i ù ~ audi sndali • r...o..·ilri. Oh "tobbiemvi io.-; tulle
li.- d '~-.clw,.,...;111;....... illftma:n.,p,.CA1111qudlitip,cidolleopc.n:t,011idi ,IMadi.riom,idaWifiQaobiDDnk~d'- Mlllcprincipoli vie di~~ · -· i.nk adin:coapc:all,.-;.dolti, od,mh:w;d,idipllmo,,'"daula.,....Ìlnp)l'IIIID Chtvai-ct,t,e
.od--rwz-o.....i.~dclle.nic~-. Con..,..Ofll!Ol'IUMtcd11diobò(ftivickllcnC-.,.-.coanillllDDCdcnidta~ alla<'l:hi.ti ntffle••• dt ~ - - - - _
,icve.,.,honlllff1alecmonlcalle 1n1ppC
opcoami,nclloJvoll"ffidcllcMOWOlll,.._,cncoll",:r,aiw:odilcnsivc-.N-..l"'"'* nlOIIOllldltlcdipttndal .....-.emcdale,:apacillidri._,;ditp(mit,;li.,dllcrtnori,c,d,a
r,anioolal:ilprimo.Maii,_cilÌ~lro,pcili.-1. ........ ndc:onlOJiail......,..,. dci bomlmdìni chcqucllodriattÌld1c•w,cl,htrodov'*'tror1#1i11Cllea,10111d1wne. .....,_m,nottcnintlnel'incidmuddlccondiriolli-fcriche.c q,ta100>YÌlfflffllCIÌolldÌ 1ÌOrllUc•dic.-idil-..,._.,.,......,..o i wlivoli,dwndle-i illuni,çhc,·c ,d,i,_ optnteidi~li.
hri-,,.qg,::,iddl'n-,11,11, cpiol..,.,..ili,16.r-.,,..;,1;,r,,:;J;in c.,;. • mlllll:dclnumcrodi--vipcr,l,,w,lc~po,1*•1nmincfwunopudlc,mmlffi
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tipi fc V f•lliv.., LII J'I"'"' c lelenlnllvidi pòccoll cubal•..,CM si eranobctli:omp!)fWe nt1 primi """" cli 1ucna, dovevano eun,, nlirMC dal """izio di prill\l 1,....,. In qw,w si•~.•11"Nlirlodell 91 7. mmmsipu,Man•llawbnli>7Melalincll<llbornl,arduncnlo llll1ipoMAJ._()iiula.o MA.ili 12.000m.. eadÌll<mnmtatt Il linndaapora,:ionrcon 11UOY1n>ddl,. dall".,.liMclelkopcnrio,,icffcn,_.;~•.,.diuam:dct)ii11K.......,..Ci per il furuni. Un primo 1etMMi,,·n ;• ._,_.,.,.OUIOfanopi neWau1-,dtl 191bdallll Uirt"rioneFflCnkd "loeffl!WJ!ica.p,ca..kndoanodtlklimitaduniinlèlminidiquou,delle """""'•iin-,,irio. diffici ....... ialfldodo•lin:apiladl2.U00,_..• 1",:d,::riva,·• t"impouibiliù di_...., r......,;u:1a della finHln lffllJWnle ulilinahik. limilMI alk _,_lunaeconcondi,,omi-fnid!io:fn....,..oli , -b-.-,.adidc,.,a musintizan:.., rmdnnrnlO ~ ...+.e iWJe freqll<'llli .,._ sfnnww.lu "IP'' piùpi,oa>ll""'°"""ilà.fano..-occorrev•1h.,..,,...radìaolmrn1ciailmd'inlflq<I Mfflln: ,nfani i.....,...vidtlbmarim, ... ~1Jamol1Cd1ffirollt,v...,_laloroaàonc itodil'ÌUalll ~ rontn, le bai .lb flol .. IVV ........ Ì dirijibili dcli"__,"'-"°
prev..._,,..,n,p,cpbin"PP"U'Olllefonccli-con.u.cdliwlkmmrdÌltc rrtrm.·it d,., si cnno dimootn111 do ...,.,,;a dlkac,a. LI' lenlnll>'i
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do,,'*' Wl>ccc b,ilicr,,&Jiclantnli vii,,lidcU"orpniu,ano,wJot:,..ica,tcnn1~•incolal,,ndLlllom
~atllll<•~dol.......-epn,,ct,-.k,qumdiillòn>mknc,,11>0..,\,vcllo ~1quetlo ..11i,,:o;
Li: difew ODftlrart'ce cruoonnai WMO foru e ~ da r d o c d m ~ puticobri per n:al1i<UO'"C la ,orpra. dunoalC l'a.,..il:.__. A ljue,.lu..,.,....oartbbc d,vmiaupr....,; dtironwidonu onnverw,:, le li.- coni . . - i .i mi1i1n1>,o,,c poaib,k u,,;1.,..., ru..,,..,;.,.....,ron,houìnNWiwali. edopol"111aooo•li f t ' ~ " • I I • fflMIÌffllquola.
Nc,lbprimov ... del l917. ncll ' omt,;iocldL1p,ofondll>tlrullwniriunedtll&con,ponenic ~d<Ll"c,,:n;i10,.--.ui.....,..,COl'llalldo~diri1ihilìp,..,.alkdi~ de!Comando~pn iltnm11Cdtll " U f f o à o ~ ~ 1. l11>UOYOorpniJmo.
fflù11110infi.mioneil Ulllprilc. 1,cvabpiolll~li.. dott'111lvil.lidti~C11<11it,i din&ibih'" da s,M:rra. Clffll)lho. Sr,iliinbaso. lk'«omanlico. pa 1u11o <1""""'ripordlv1ilaowmodl,l "'"°""1t. l't'fficiclwdcllf.,oni,•,edilloro~.
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wli.bf.Kdd-d'Of't™ionidi,ohainvollaUNIIOdolConwodolUJffl'l"'.II......., dol1'lfflJWIOofr~odcllellmlN•inmaM>11paòcon1N<,·eno.rad1limffllweÌdubbi fu l'n,IO cli _,,,.,..,.,iunrconoolll o,il'i•iriodol prri<,dodi ..... .....,.... di 1.._Jio. ncll&""lfte 1111231ugho,oncori.ndaronoi,mlutii,_,.,,,,;diri1ibòliU/Oc.W/2.d,.""""'ano:ho:iDi
~I mommlO dùf,onibili aul lro!IIC ddl'l-. Ad-1ftdo--en,ll'ilNro--'dinJihdeq<M.,.._,di1IM!fn.111 un ,"""""*l iftnii .. ....at.'lal .........,..iakfalli . . - ddl'olf....;vadqli i'.Zf'l'di• ...11.1 o.,..,~c111f_,,,• ...,.1·cdwl'wllia:,~d'~prai;ç.t,;:lcli,-q,.ic:llo d•ll'~....,.._~.in-di~lcWfOM\lipole','UOdnm,...,al mcgliolcloro~khc.Tunav..,•traf11917ril191RJldiheefloetti~tc,.,
rrepo1m1c1viluppodcll'llllivllidi,.....i*l!Cnl0-.uimol111\N..onc...ia~hilc, Mi-illaruno..:holcazionidi~dridìn1il1iliillllUli,_,,,..,
...· ~ d l e l,Ytdtva,rtili,.,..;innan,,,lu!IO(Oflffll l'o,p,,,nw.ioMlotistica dell'• = ~ · . I\ qucsia ~... d'arionc dcci• itofam di aftmCn> il ""'Il'°"' GWff)< V1llcd1el'K..,ato1917 - l'acariaidi~daca1icridiri&ibili. Nrl ~pcr..,._.......,_..,ditrp,Odi rflf\ÌIOdavvrro wllnlrl,KOW, non
.,pw_ri~,;um,;:loOCo<lladrilomlitllipcrlc~l,lìrCapro,,ilotlrf1111 ..1 "f'lldrodi""",iaioneorpni,cadeLlo..rar,..~riil:hlcsloalltqòorafffl<>edin ~1ll1~1quanria11vae..,..iiuuivadellla,q,m,entcdalonhudamcnlB, m11Ìp,Ìi11UmmJ111di(ll,Wlichcdoc1Mdilfi~.Qwllovalc--pcrlallolu,ICfOllaVÌ,
rnail diritibitcrimanrv,,..,,,..nr,-.llodo,IM:110cpooolkwloilr• ..:heperllcurnplnlili . ; . , u · o , - p n ~ ~ d i ~ c l'intiemi:diql0$i&i11ori1m:t,t,,,comunqur llmllllO l'e,pans,one clrllo COlllf'O"N'" ,.. lrgen, dell'. . . <>N non pNI di ORI
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I l ~ .viluppo -i mrll!OICf"CIO p<fflad UNI rapòdo coaci11 dellr IYIIT.IOfti brlliFfWWÌ c!,r - p,lti! praciadrn: dalle aÌSCftttdriJr forLIC di ..,....ticir, aÌlfflLIC c!,r furonoMnlmaltll1nrl~t'~dellrllpeeillidldaricop,i,:;,,-cdlcaa:ill. ln qua.IO-appare np,nrvokr fnnda1<>1'1ffCJ;SiainrMOclr1 venie, ,nililari italiani, pocoproprn1i1fl'llhein8'..mi.prrquar,1<>A1gesliYrpoleMrrolJIIIUftlk:uneV1lioni, c:mc;.;p,UM11n..i--c1a;m;Wllic1a~.di.,,...mmr. .,,.;....i10 ....Mtll'lllÌ,""""°qi,$Ì.,...,_C~livamrolll!da,,e.--drllcloroCll1illamKhe,
d,,IIIM1"'11cltl11:aUUoplff(i,·occld-C'hr l'n.....,..;,,p,.,1rY1pn11Uff.AJ01imibM1 m,olt,) p,aao.nu,; prindpi ,.,,,.,_M, e ~ Il ponkolan: \'llrnndelll Coonpon,;"lll(' da~do:1tcinopc,ne\'l l'-fflffll01llcdifflledi~
ilcl C...oandos.,pr,,,.o.MJ,llhirttiviNkplliricoltaooo""""CKkoti•-nclkM twar,ric doll',.-rdlriontcddlo-~.illlllpMIO ... d e l l e - l i ~. 1iodi.,..~10dollos~inc,oònon1rOV1YMOspuioquelleini~i1,rivr di piùampio ......... cho,oc"'*"-"'<nWlf<n:1,npo,M~Miro.poco1~ . - - dal pun10 d1 ,'1111 pfflllnlmlr I fflllri "'lati delLI Duplft Monardri•
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~lonwoi.hrnallil:uroclirtr,:,podormcb.rirn,-.nc.clrllollcdi...,lìYOlidipandi pn:slarioni~achrglakdac..,.._;cdaDouhrl..-lonWotdlltfflCmi7.l'lrtl. Ut111 ..lc ~ urfllhe rimall iorvariau per 111111 li donu do:I wnl'lioo. WI , - , Laociando ~ioontl\lllOnrl-ddl'c:,wcdel1917,al..............,del~ illlllllorionidolll
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- -Gf:N. ISl'.IASJUODIMA•n'IO -pianlbledi ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ alladullrinlldc:lla~ill•pono~-.. dallallqja--P<"",lllllpirellllona._..lltlle_ ...... E' o,pol'MIO 1(11in!O.,._, nd lClmllttalladi........,. IMir:adtll'inlpqo d e l l ' ~ ~ ..,._ MpCQ, d c : l k ~ - " " ~ dc:ll' bonzo. '" prin,D ......il....,IDlld'..,..imav,dc:eukaull..,.~•PftlNDdi'*-ION di~........,p11l~eprofo.dc:c ....... a.,.,odiMUasliai,,aoim,propno l'anipicna a..._ilnl,pdril'llliooleed1~S1i1v1....,.. IINCffldopu,,,IO• ~•;1....,impep,<klafolosr--~Ji- .. pno,cipu:hwdi inbmaziMt. Tlollc lelqllldri&lil: • ricc,pi1.- _ _ . _ d i ~ ~ e 1·~·-"'*'·-dnuhL,ionca,pillaft:*>w-..'i'*'a,alki.ponàl aH...,llodi.....,....,_di ........... llallltimo, lllnlftiltffVinodir-«ia-=,va dala.faM.,;-.le.•l "'"CP'del l917t'avi&Lw.tilal~.,_.ii,.,.ad_......, lio_ _ . . , . . . . . _ . , . _ N i o a i d i ~ c - . i . - -.... .....i;ae ldruVie,
Tni il l'ili,cdil 1917 1'~dcllo--..:oddktpo_ilo,.,... v......,diel-.i_lc_r.tll,on,dd~-.;--tlPl'ffUl*dipm:ia < ~ ~ f i l conccpiao e Ìlnp)ICIIIII dai verlif:, ""hwi i l o ~ _ , , _ _ , . , • ....i-.,~itpnioknlllilohmlli.-o . .
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la ... ..,.._.._,prcv.........1oc,·ÌnlffWMO--liclnwn,o-·l_..,di
t>.naat•N011-ill>«ccollocRionc.11Ladohcn>inmiwramolloridolla.'fl'Nle ari<Jni di ....... ~ fOW9 I ffllllÌ Ìlldllllrillll d t l l ' t , _ riclo.- dil,i pio) ....,__......ddl.,....,._,,quea1<>_1"ffUlll~p,ff(iatctladei>'ffloc1dc:I Kep<>mcn:oo,-S--P<""-ralÌSloca~didillk:ioMagfflift.Di...-,i an:-.......,.nmo,m,Vffllllt ispinlo il COfflMdo""P'ff'!andoc nd 1911, va dalo
anoa1c......,.,._equia.ii,•llkirm-im,a1sc-1cùdoraa.
Adispowionodo1Comando....,........,(1ran1i11eUffic10...-vl1:i~i) ~ I Q l l l G ' i & l i c d , . ~ . ~ ~ IV~lefOllbni, oonlf~ie1•, r . 111', l) ", 14",el'XI CQl!Pl-..,lli, cn'MOP<'f.Ci"òonedd rv, _ , 1 e ~1ier. l". 4".t.".1'. U": x ~ ~ ; , d i - ~. - 1e...,s1oc10".78".1r. ,1· ... caccia e l ll'dadif.,.._
o.......iod ' -ic• l 'A..lll Gnappoam,plam.cm lf"'l...,;&licS'e9'da~io.ll' ,46'e 50'da ric(:,pirionedioo.pod'ann111.,72"dldifeuedlric:opìrionod'--. l"idro,,olanll; IX On.ppoaen:,plani• ..--P<'f...__dd lll"""le...,_;pic)1'darioupinone di co,pod'11..-, 7)'d,.dir...c ~ d · . . . . . . . . , 7,t' cl,. dir.... criwpiiàun.e dico,po11·........ 1 1°e75'dlaccia.llrancop;-d·amw., .... OUMIM ...
(_'OIJlllldod'IIUOllalllica2"Amlala IIGnappoMroplani• .,.,.,le~ielt' .12",27',Xl"c.rJ'd,.rico&m-.71J'c lll'dr.caccia; Vl (ln.ppoam,plll,i..roo,le~ic2,t'.29', 41'e4S'dlricopi,;aoaedico,po d'..,......1112"S..:òontddllllJ'S<fuiò11Mdr.~d'll'nlalacllJ'Smoo>e
doll'lll"s.,,..lrishadlcaccia. f'omandod'~l'AlffiU I Gnppoam,plani.conle...,_..;&lic2J"dlria,p,i7.M>nedÌto,pad'armau,25'cJt:I dlricop,iZ>Ontd'annall..11'clO"•caco:•ridrvwobnliN-tezioncdla....:ia; VGnappo-,roplll,i.cmle .......... Jl!'•ria,pmoned'amwa.l'l".42'.4J"e44' daricop,i-diaNJIO d'annML l'otnMllo d'...-ica 4" efl' Armaia XII Gn,r,poam,plani(4"Annat1).d1,._,,~,conle...,,._;,he)S'(,n fonnalòonc)c.,. ... ~dioorpod'~Llll'Seùoncckllllll'Y'Sqv,aolrislill
d l ~ d._ed_aaiolll! ... eac,,;ia; VII ('""""°_,,,,i..,;(6"A,,,,....),tt111 le-,-:lrislìe 26'(it, ~).)2'e4'1"da
nropirio,w:cli,:orpo d'-t79'dlc,icaa. Albllnil(XVICo,po d ' . . - ) v111Gn,ppo_,.,....., -1e.......,...1ic11•dl~J.4"•ncop,,ziono diaxp,d'lffllllA.-KlÌonedlllcaccia.
M,adonil {H" l};.moo,t) 47' ~ildaria;,pwonedi-,,o d 'lffllallcd .... liCLIOlll:càcaccia. AIIR2....-Jn&IÌl:t:2~1iirovavano1• Libia.mm1r"4,iquadripecl4ICDOIII
......,...vanollldtfcsadi et,tllri illlf.blrialic puo,ci-ihiliclcl lnrilOOO!IAlit-lo:.
TipuP. 4...,;1'.,ooaP,.l'Je M1 Ciampn,oad~dtllallfUOUlpilott.P1a
V'll!l"di\/Nlc, pcril ........lil,m,ntlo ...lffllff: r,po Mtm-·icd••~,?11t1ill,-M610nltual,c,pcri.ltC'pf!MM1Nod MIJìnlralfcrimnito1Cllmpi""'-~--1 .... ,,:,l1a1~ollallqia"*1M
pcr1,.,.....atri..,tlldi~e-.,csJian,;aoul -: Tipo M • l ~ M /, in.._bmazici.in MAhl 0--: TipoMA(AllaQuo,a)~ocric.6unitlC1Da MfJ1 fannpc,lo ltcpa...,... t M/O, Ml/, M/Ji111:001dtpo,n..pcriJllcpl>aac1io.M/J.,a,11auc1oa l'onledcn.. Ml' in monta&IMJ a Campi Biwnzlo: T..,M,....,_..9Cric.6..,;.._MIJ.M1'.M/7,M/lliotc.-.riacpcrlollcpa marina.M/9cMJOwdiràedalRqi,,c,oen:iln; TIJIOY,tm ....tucniallcgano.con il 101t, l'}ddla Regia marina a Ciampino; T,pof. - FJlffl0Nltl01Vip1diV.llc.~·,afenwapcr1&Res,a--.n,n rol.....,1Bqp,,F6Ìtl~.fflb'lmbipc,~Rq..._,..,-.,, TipoA.cooilpri"""-,,>plan,. ~1na&oall11 Rq;.. m a r i M , i n ~ Difisihilò ~ d i ~ ,-ioulc, 10 1111ila, _. EO. EIO, l;!I della Rtp .-inll a Maro«o. pfflO MotlÌMO \ ~ E S ( ~ S.:..:..) 1 C.....,...,Pffllllep,"'"'""'"°alal~6inal~~k>SW.h-
ODllrvDOto,Mfflllllwliclw: OW.,1boli npiol'lm11poS...Scoul\.l31bnll!1!1,00,dtlllllcpl0 ...... _4.,,ù. m:1.m:1.on. s. v..,,t;T.....,e•.Ol:J.00.1.»:1. o,,x, 1tn111h11: T1poU..lli.U4. dip,op,cùokll'i....,,.Cdallllllu....fli.-1MIOIOCro. p,CMOM11Mo.UJinaJletlimm11>perllR~ilmariMIIC'llo_Cltll....,,
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LA COLLABORAZIONE TRA THAON DI REVEL E CAOORNA E IL RUOLO DELLA MARINA MILITARE ITALIANA Amm. Sq. (rts.) ftsdnnlo Srielice cl Monbefor1e fvKrtMonp,i1fflJIOfUnUdeU'lorilulolNd1m,h11nmarm,m.,all ' A,_led1 \lo'nt:1..._
•""&'*> t1tvol111 ~ ; dal Caonandanlic in un p,crolo hajno. anip, al pruiwiu ufficio.
cho pran,11 la IÌll)IOlan: JIU'IIÌwi" di"'""" il IOffino c,:nz,MD, Un••- '-1o ""I""""' annodo:llaOl1Wldo:pem,,quando l'......,irqlioPaolol:milioli..ondi~l•~•-10 ,1wmanwlkllapia,a("""mari11.,.... diVmt.t>lcdcll'A llu ~ o. L11i .,...,a alnula ""1111 d1 allonlai>arsl dal p,opno potl<I di _,,,.,, pe, "'ll&ÌWlll'-""'' rifup>, rn,.-,dibomhanlarnm1<,:«.l, J..nn11;:k:numcroocinc,,rM0111 Mffll:nm>idM:contruV~ f1 l1mo.....,oJandan,n,:l'-&no,nmanmdoqui.Ji.....,.n
• pom,t1di1elcla,o,,\ltn,~ohe,;,,.....,,,, egh..,,;a1,avae_,,,,e_-~_,iv.;., NXnalo:e11Md1u 1a n""'*""cm:ola••pcr<'Sfl• ~.-icllnndoaiehc lo:dÒAp<)tÌ7.ÌO<IÌ da lu1fflllll.>kr-.mpe11a1to•. M~lpado i boml:.rd,omenn della eitù di,·mt•••nu ~ più fR"!ucnti, T1laon di R""-d ..,.i,;1;.., 1 per_..,.,..:. ,·,e-, alle Z<>M do opennon,
"çn,
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e. ,n...., m...,,aUd,ne,ndlecuivic,,_....liin::,Vll,·anoil RecilCOfflll'IOO-.,,Qunt,,-11ttlt1 e la -~ir;.,r di ooonando furonodelcrm,,_.i pe, •vil......,'flldll oollal>orv.òon,e1ia t.en,,ioeMM.w dlc, d11ranw 1l ronll1110.sodi""*""-.dl>cace. 1.a .,....._.,,,..diThaoddilt.,..da~""'divcnno....,.lcil l• t11101:ft!91S,dopo
letuedirniMion1 da C"l)Odi-~dellaMorina..,..andoq!i auu- l'1ncanco d1 Comandlnic III capodo:lla pi.&a.l,i"<Jde moritti .... di V-Ne dtll'Aho Adriarico. Anr"" ,k,x,il 61nbtu, 1'111,quand.,_,..,,.,,1Joi,p;o1nc11n,:udtCi0p0 d, .wo""'lll!:"""ddla ~tarina ed• ~ ,n tap> d<'lle f on.. ... ~•h inobilital<:. rsli wntln"'111 .,.......,,,, ~ illlljlOl ~ lfl(JClt ,n _ d, ncnll portioolari e di ~criticloc ..,.....,, Id ncmpoo.dunoMc l'otfm,1V1dclla 1Minsouacduranlcla nm1111 111I Pii~. Larollabor11:oonetra 11,i cCtidorna.cJ'ftl In ........,1e 1ra loSU.1<>maglòfCmannac """lk, ddl'l:lnt"OO. n11 pero si.lo inmalll mollò lmlllO ......... fin cbll""W<"I<> 191~. WIIO <lle 1 pr<WVedi-, 1nll:,al~n.,...W~ 1tron<-ono allalOl111cvenlualerontrol"A""'11Uftih<:n:a. in,,, da Thann di Rncl. n...,... ai,punlO al_,., pcnoJo d, ro:ulral,li. Era mfaui--cho:,qualon f,-S1UodichÌ1t111olo1WOdo,unn""" V""""', laRep, mari111pn111,-, ·1111...-~6cl-ldlicnomcnio.w11CCC1it,i\cd1oftae do,...,cd<'lle .a,·i....,md.,..~,dal'olaodaTnalc.oJ!CKP>d•aui""""'*>dalma,c. mcdiantc +
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AMM. SQ. (RIS.) fl:."IWllt/ANOOSANfl,"l.Jl,"I:." DI MON'll"FORTE
KWtt,;illli:n,,. 11pnm0.,...,..,edimcmofu laeo11i111/lOMdellaDMùonemvall:lplrial,,.a1liorWlli dcll'ammiragliohlri1,-_,,.,oA&da,..v,_ìquae,11111aclMM:a-=o.lkoperuioni dia..-.nniadelR. Exn:ftn-1.Taier,nwvedi.....,IOfil.,_.,.,ic,MoalloSlalO.,.._c,m,ilO nel IIW7.0 191~. u n ~ o.Ila richoQla - l i diretti In l'ammi,...iio PMriltil..,....all:Z...:an.docallonenolC--- . .LpM<)della ltl A -. O-.U,~di<ll:lrpvcnoil...,,._upi,cadellaRt1ill,..;,..dcl~~
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olla nec-uùd,-,,1i~ùl".,..1111ta&lioche~11la O,,ilion,: 1111...i. d, ,,....,,.,
lapnl!lnam....-aclmodopiìlcf&ate. pi,ni~ieproJ!ri,,tUiviti-°"*'il biM>p>
di ~ d e l l a IUAmula. inmodofttMibill:rWffll)tM,vo. Poclo1p,mldop>.•ipnmidi"P"1lt, Ctdorna.pw1loom.,ntcd,.,.-..11mv,
pmli~1nl"ammintcJiol'a1r>1c,lllffl"'Klua:ari.ll:fiucu""lfflcno.ll"•mmi,aalio, lllaoediRr,c~a..pnm1di-lunpifflC. L"1111m1<0mlf!Dndm,a,clle-luf,-:o tro<dill,,ocamhiodilòN. tpo,_i_inU11lioane,,oodclloSl-.""tlP""marinl.. puhblic...,nddopopma,cla-lctanr,.....,._dapa1<dcidue~.lalomini>;lllt diffi«>lù 111<1 c,,pR , prot,wm, della COMropUW, ""' pero f..,....• da <:<>lllnppCtO la •olooudi"""P"mdcmell:CMlffll'C.inmododa poll:fupcnreimi<n><""'" l a ~
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cltk:aclap<Mibilc,
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chiaro,finnc;oninimidctlagli. cill dorla lll Amwanrmbcdo\-ulofattal\oKOl)l)io ddlt OOllihli. hlraiti,<"1li~vad1r. """"-ilpcnodocli mohil<WM>Der........._. -"A'ft"••W1rlcoeti~là,tnuu,a1anocci.,IOl~la...,_..,,l<:mMaria di Monfak,,.__ All"mi:t.io dtlll"upcra:.eionc, poi. la lii A,.... ,i,;,-,-,i ~ pòo;lc wll'altipanodis.a:,.io..•. Ocmquesac>.C9'Cloo'Mclcnclvaicoooonid,cui...nabt.,po.da..,..di:llaMarina.
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Q,.aloYlklldimm10fllaplic,-il2411f)rilel915,ro.u111dimt1•111eui"l lilon di Rirvcl dclineill'l~Mlòrodrlk.....,~"-ir....:1-/Jnl«ilfi" l iew:iu>o". G~ daquoudin:nin., pullriS.:V-11 .... ron,·i - ~ " "ll' Ahn AdriMic<,. IIJl>enll do\'.,_ """""' t'Olldona pri,ripoimn. datk ..,it,i ltu,:rc. le IOrpatinicR, e i MAS. Af'l'Ol&Ì•tidai Clt'CIIIOfJ'Nl9Ìtn' C - qullldo ~ Witidis.,.>nibi~ • cllwli aplonklri
ltgtri,1MtOd•cC11:liordi111'10 dilimmn:• ~particolun,cmcfnom,oli l'illlfN"Co delle ..~, "'"IIP""'- troppo ~uhwnbl, • Ile ol'ls dielle ""ne e «o MlmmerJ1bolo nemici, dialo,;ati in ll'Vlnwntm ....l ho.:1M, lulùll pm1. ll••di Rcvdornn'doe<W11i"""perQl!ftOffl'"°"' NM11:MO. ~ ~ ptU ...iidi M>tliti rwcU'ua di \ffluia. Pono s...... t Gndo. facnodoac ..,.,_,,, OIP'' ,o1.. on cui quelle di 11U0>100llnl.titn,di>flltl._t1..,,...ibiltanchc1..,..,;1udd &..u Adr,11,ro. ~ le l'ronwawe le r....,.u IIICWWHII <lolle un,ù, au•lnad1ediCatU10. Lcairiunueazioni1Y<>llcda ......... nti au«asi,cil ronti...., •l'l"'R:i,ndeoc.:.:ilaorpcdricn:aH'......,.,. .....1·~io.non~aolatiuJ1cZ7a delle "'®le dcll'ammlnocloo. """be.io: po~ vollCcaJi f\L l«\ISlolOdi 10fl'tffd, "ICabbia adna1,.,,,H", 11111 nuc CONMII da ~ Salwm1111, d1e ""'""'"' la •• IHl,li delle rontt..,.,.,d,111a.,n di lk,cl. dcllUllo_,.an,;!uilfanochc.tllAlruAdriauco.aolola to11arora,...,....,111fffo,-,,. ...1dlhr.........,.1101av.......... NMatu0.0llbn,Jdopoilronlli111>, .-.ltlLd--,dL11~~-,)c...,,_. dc, IIICIOdt pa oucoiatt il cloininiodol .,__,era «o61Jtuil0 dalk ~~iani'CO#fhùt<M" ~ ..,)l'~do!la ,.....,. "l'J'L"'I ~i.-. evli a ffennaY&. infatti. dlC, mciOdi piu impon,,mi per l'cxn.i no do! domi1io del mare 1, qorllo me prc"l'nie l'1ftll)lfK(l"'1mbotlàO In le ro...,.-., e qorllc manmme. Tale llldOdo-di ..,.,,;,.; a vantasgi,o del proprio _,no de, meui dì u.p,no e delle alttt pouiboliti olkt\c dal man:. -iboli" me ......., pctUOM ,;_.;.., dd MIO inan(,IC: per il nem11X> i,cllC'mf)Oendk>lplllio. Talipouit,;hli.....-penno,ien:l'~dt isolc,od, :wncc,,wm:,l"esa:w""""dìdìvcnooni,ili:olltpmmloronirauidì ~plfticolane
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prc9<'11111•._ - .,..,t,ltnli prr l"adanamenlo ..l e ~ lnTnlri.cunlfflJ*lcdi•n~fflWIÌ-.,.,. Cmw 11 può110W1:. 11'aondiR,r,cl110C1sicn~c,..."""'"°"''aadcllc di "-"""ll"O e ,.....11; che
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Ca' Lc~uno.11o.......,.,.i.1Pia,-.:cdiquìunoal""""'1a&liandollllftloolacli Condlaao;daqoil"Mftdiraponabilidoi~llu"1" l•OOWJi1101Ellip,1•". ln..-.opcno.oomo:11~~-. llYondi Reni lro\'6inCadoma""1llalodi fcmi. Qucsti.,nfllti.cnpl,da~con•·1MOd1"""doverarfflnff llldilàddP,."*.;,,,quani<>. o<pndul&Vcne,ia.laMMiM....,,vn:t,i,cpilllnn'a!O""punlOdilJ'Pl>U"'cK•Brir.t,... c lallofta~..,ebl,crilrmucomplellrnenl<......._ddl"AlloAdnM1<,...,. Che 'l'>el10 t.-"" umore eccesaiw,. t dimonnso clii documcnl, -na:;. m<i pubblici dopo l i i ~ KCooJo ; qual, ~1·in-dc&J., (....,)di dolloou,,ppc1Polaedt1 '"""""1i•fnesloe.per-11110sban:o...,llaro611ital....,1J11 RovenN e Rimini•".,.., cuo in CUI la Il. M;ar,111 Il fooa d,.,.-ull ritinin: • Brindi... ••--diCawmacllllr1ncanrod1C..........,.. svpmnocll..,.to1toiw..,... roa~-tiecerowairmmollrollahonz"""'lflllaMari11acr&cn:ilo.H1M1DYO Comaadonlcoupmno.~U-~lii,,,,;,unlroooali.-diRevd. c...i....i,,,.drciacro.
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UN MONDO A PARTE. LA GUERRA DI CAOORNA E LE COLONIE lTAUANE
Gianluca Pastori L'IL1l11 mm K II• l'rimo .....,..n mondiale~ 2, '""&PJ 191j,dop)dicd ll'ICSI di prol,lcm,mca """nliù e"" difficilcp,uca;au poh1icoc diplomolirodoe la pona I rompcn, un'allcanll pi~ CM lffnl...,..loo ....., la Gennlnil e 1· ,._,...Unat,cna per tchoerani accM'IIO •lbl'ull.11«1kll'lt11o.'S11', llUilJlrikpn:,,:c,,l,.,nl.«in ol p11uo diwndra.il P..,...si<n
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di lh>aay,,cltll'lle_p>';f"GnlNlctM>ltl....,.i...,~bri1u1IIUIC.-....,il pmodi k<kWl.d~~ ..u . ~ ... 1e1p,111ic1opo..Enoo1afi.,.,di~torn Wllbc:ronil~brK.a,,oo_,_,anchc .. cilliCWieredi Rabip.Ylfflllle r«,,. di 700 ....... o. pnplllicn di auna~chcnevanucla:nudi~albrivolia.e11'ariaididtlpirpn:..,. miNioni: mililaredealinMla~.al momcn10cltlla_.._,.,.~..,. forodi1.100w:,mìni'. Andl(.,,knn,ni--1, - - r "'*'...... dciloroopcuo....-i.Ki-..iklri · ()lonfiw;llal,., ~ • 1.-h di tNn:lln: -
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bmdicin,._ pcrDCIIIU'I>. di• ..-ihuio""'"'11lc(·A.......-z;.- -,laM\I per llldJh dcllll CoutÌII F..rilra') di quilldici ..,;,mdi hn: e Il Libia di ...- a,oll!An -.!,nane per allri ~ milion,. ll canllillUimpon,:~a.~.l'nbrnodi l .250.000lirea11llllo do"'Spescper llNldaa.ll' - d i n -liaffidalialll~cle,MWi-cdi 'IOO.OOOlin:~cmo:-""Sp,,i,e~dNnmiMw,da&li•v,,rc-nim,:ftli inlnnazinMli-.mc,nu,:; 1rallìci..-....... .-,,...,...._,pc,rahri587,N7,000, ohreap,lltnldi~del navislio--idanQ,idip«nper!.71!.000lu,:''. le rolo:JnienMO, pr< il JO"tt'IIOC Il polili<a.fom-di ~ . DcNc;.._e.m~clo!lcpoMblimiiwl«eioo-N-.cll lqp e l 'ONÌllc d,.,-.--,-,, pmlff'1lli CMU l bo co,,11..,, F.-i ...ici. tocio,H e Ndi1ioellffldevlll01kuncdi--l-pronto,lllliblM,il~ m m l n , 1a rripoliwiiacc:m..ial. - llflffllldcl lrMQIIOdÌOuclly\l~OCIOM 1'112). UIII difficilcsunndi_,.,..i9'1cn...,.,.,,iaanoallo.:oppiodcllc,...li.. 11t;.,rupa. lnohn,. lcCONllic..-e-·..,~uanknpuocollreasJioa:llidcloemp,o,pii,1...,..._ ....;wn,., MLi,,n,li,,u.. Come ,qli ....,, della po,n iai....Nn:11 ( 11111,12). Il-...,..... 11a111· ....,.,.ne1rac,quis-ellldconlrollodin...-,cdiinmbd' ~ i1 ai1m.,dd ""°laGÌllMO,_. di l l 1 - * , - e - cloqun10pun10lil VÌl&ll·ledi.....,_,1.,,, _ \e • 'tt>l1<: •nbip) Jdl'artiwlo Il del pan,, dli Lon<h n ...11• .--. .i; occ~, dli ffici. alquaMo delidmci". Anche per ques$O. dunnlc la JUffl1I 11\-'ftbbo! finii<> rcr ctnCfFtt.., fone..,..immloche·pw.xuchi:all'arimcdel minÌ!Yem dellcColonic·.,chied,,,,,a1 11Mmcc llrev. _. lAPftlP*O••-•qucs10 lin<aarcbi>ao9'11< diwnc, opariando
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il Mini!>lm>deaJi Nffl bxinviolanodnacrarùocon~lodcllccokmicriapmo1ILI, 1eellldiJll'C'"""'A11'ariai tu..doapn1llorooacnionrnlo'' .
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frunica,ian,omprohlmriinlcmi. l.auwra"Jll'Uc<Xlftlll'*1addla~agn,·1,·1 lccwc.~"""lc_,.;li1dii,pmkn:lclorudisponihil1 camoltiplw;ar<:le....,n= di comando. fino al 1916.t"F..rilreaen lfllllOla m,naaill....- daM' fltnpia, . , . . _
m1 1 m,,-~,...;"'"'°Llj l)-.(r. 1'1(111;1.1916,fi"° • ' 91 1 tono11n-gennd,,... Tntem1 N....). Lij 1,-- m, riu«ilo • Mlf'l*I'. nd I~. Il - - al dcbililMO Mcndik,•luoallf'UIIOw,,n,r-pnma.•l .........,dillfllloftad, poleNche..,hel' lllh1 ~...,....Jfr,,nmupcr-,lidarcla ... ~oop>laoconfi,ud, Adu( l!l<Hi)e10Clla ....:cesaM!f-di.-solodommeopoliticocmiJ.Ìllft11,110il .,...,...._d;f•n.tilW>do M..iinifl8'17-l<I07)". ll,.,....,diLijlya,vRr.:.m.-.inlllrpmituralUl.......,...detlc: lribii pila e <io, api della ..,pone del Tìp. primo In. llltli il pa,;t..,.,.... MiLw:1 d> Wollo. Allok<'l()pl0dellasuer,a1t1F.. . .,ll-'*-"'li-la~il.ol11111,nl:n1ta ((ondl11~lmmk:M1amhinoniptlli1idorclfflÌltln.lli)tnn11alimmiond1'o.6,MIWI ~ i i o d e x o , - - . . c . , . _ .iAdd11Abdla'',-••fnilwellpc»,l';i,onc lfflltellCa del P'"f'CIIO•lkhul ~ . hn-llec 11al~. topra11"'"' ,;q,u la d k ~ disllfflll d, llolnl1llioSublimo: l'vou(21 •IJO'IO 191S). 11 liuochc L~ 1)'11111 ~ ~ l l fQ.._..,_dclJ*lte (111110 MollanlmrdAlic«111....t110tiaJ , n!lliannimondlt71. ,•JCJU1110lll'obbllfOimpoolo11uUi i pandidip11aridcll'impcn, con ,J «M'K'ilio di Don, M<-d,.jconlribuiva• raflonan I'........_ dì Couminopoh. D"alm pMC.ilrirnoredotqu,HUKCll,,poieSK~··ladts~dellaCOffl!'lllìlOCpolilÌCI ctioric"• f1,ori, swl 1..,.o 1rrm,.... "-l P'*ff di pate di ,_ .,.,.iiriono: pidMadalllfttliadiMmrlik, 1"~7~11,1,dol "':,a;.-dli T•f.wiMalOMe11 (1t1 o,:pilO ~ H.liik: Scla.oot')c dai Yfflici ddl'iallumic dcro wi*J"", lnSomaha, ilprin,:,paleinou>'Oditi"'°".-n. rostitu,IOd:al-lttlv11mOd1 Muhammad Abdullall llflSlft. il ~Mad M111/all~ (l lSb-1920). Dopo Il Cffli dcll"pohticec iarilonalc: dcl!IICalO ..I t11111a10dillli1t,llllll:0190S). nd llO>'~ l911 i1 M11Uah •vn• i..:ialO 11 s.-111 italiaa ed era__, 11d Sonlaliland""" ~•mi 1>.000 qlllci. Alla ,·iJi1il della pm11. il a.·eva ,aga1W110 la llll& mastima ror,.po1,1i.::1 cmiliwl:, _ _ . m a 1 0.000110ffi111Ìc-,,.cidi~nd- 1<11•.
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hmafilìen, diccibattaw;hon1q>lll1. docci oquadronidia,vallcna,iCIICball.ldoon1di-=an .,.;1m. ~..a.1n>ballffledioni&limatllclle..,.i, ..-.kidianWieriadi....,.,.p). dicci tumpljp1ÒO di anighffl, da fonezn e dirioao toonpagn,e del i,mio. olm,, IIUJ'l'Of1Ì
lotillici. ll lSIC()III> 1,12,llfon:ammplalovaendi,7.000-un, cil l~ao.wcmbtt d1100.000". ~19U,H .......,.llcllr~...uupoliuac1,c•,a rom111<""° 1 ndtu)i., 11 calo cumpcma111 di..,.; coa1i.....,.; d i - ;. I nlOllv, princ,.-li d, ~ ....riiu,ione enne, l'onmt tinan,iario CM il ~ di lf\lW mNffll)(>~llltt
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nona,Ttbhc1ipificaloW1ibe~no1dt'irnJq:,iom,1i-.J11pa,r1icolaff.a,all,li.:oon!i di Am:,ma (Bir AkfamM. 17 aprilo 1<117), lob-a ..._ile n.,:,,1(1;,, patte inquadn,le ..tl'i•km<ldilldì.Jpotitivodi•r.oddlaoolon,a,oo,,ua1f«-,•peri•2.000fucilicUR1 blilleNdil70.....,_dafflO<ùpl,..pallodltsli.....c,foNefoiswi1iconmini1ntida 111l!lln1fli<:llll1c....,ouem.,..,he1....,,cvcnrua1illlXd,ideirih..tlidl!llaTnpoli.....,•" AKIN: in Libia. l ' la.liaa>1,d,bc aolttt bmmciuodcl 10111Cpodf:1li alloa&i,~ la F,ari,;11 e laGra,1 Bm...,. impqlllle ,.. ..,._,_ ,mponanu, pttlmeC- i ~ dorllli n~olta - - l'E11ao e ~ il Sahara (...,,;cx: l"Qtlodammlc. la m.U pmmza di lniw,, rnclrop>li-.ndm1ein haliaperaffi,:,o,anle1'"'.,._.,1;'*'"""'dft-turoJ11G. 1vn,hhcpMMn•,..~p,nmndirq,utii:olonilll. pc,,lopiteriffl. Nl'lrroano 1916,lo-,niliwcital~,nTripoli1MilocC1rffllÒCaaaciralollcloodell'....., 19l.5,ciotcffl)4.000WfflÒlll(l7.t-19milMriilllian~ ) ,740...:arit,;b'ti,jlll.-i
>'Offlali. l.27'9~ libòcieM11fficioti~ 1nr.-..,; p o , 7S c 14<,Jmm~40milnjlìalnci Muim-V1dacl oaoplani Fannan.Api lftizidd 19111.lmmelowniodcl..,,.nicriin:, e lìb,,c,, ~ <XINiMoeMI lltffllbc di 66 lolllac!DI,, pa 111111 f<ll'",. compleaiv• di cin:a6!1.000unmini,JOO..-ie270milrl&lillriri.ohn:•lleforte....,.t.50vcli..,.,)c• <fUCILl,.val1dc!Comandod,_....,..ieinl...... (llliaaiw>nel luaho~l.dacui dipmdc,l....,..,inaucialoft,u.:yaclll,,....uoKaliamwi,1Nciw:moc.,......,._;11iadi <jllllllrulùlpalinic:n:,iaq,ail0-0- ... UD'ahra~iadic,n:fl'l' ...pr,,lin,acprr
l1d1taaan1......,_,.ibo1cu .........sl• d1ono MAS11. 0..vÌarllNMC, pi lihio dibcm ""' p,obldu impallo _.11·~ polbblica e alimcnllf'080-. oql, del dop,,sucm,"" _ _ , d i ~ ...1.. raponsa.t,;litil di .,....,io acudulO. Cacloma tdw, ..,_la.,....., ,i - pii volle'*""'" d<-ll'Mffl' dlc l• l,1bilotlcal111:coloMc~-d'c.:mlO!lldropOIÌlanO.p..-cucndo""lu lcffi!IO f.lY(ff>olc all"in.;,c,di....,.,; itdialli nlAlbuio e Mlndoolia) Nlffllbc Mtp1-c,c,im.·(lkn ini.aediballiln, dedicando""''-'*"alf'Ìl"l"· "" ..... w.1ume1rn,., l"«""' ',,J/.,c;.....,(;w,n,, lllcrq:io,,idcllacmiinTripoliunia". A ...,mododivcdcff, Lt~lllidelle d,~ial.Jbioanda,-.lddcbi... alla--diriiOlunonc Jcl milmlef'O delle Cok.ic, che •wrd,bc favonio.., ampiamcnlO ca:cuivodclla p,acn,• 1talia111 e che , i ~ di ritira,e ~ - l e . . . . . , , . , . . _ "f'Pel"I la _..;1ua>;i<:n,,1....,....,.,.,,ino::iaao•dclcrionni. Heldion"'"'ddlapoliucolibicadiManini,
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GUNI. U<.',f PASTO/I.I
wrllltit.,.,.,,.inoavnuo.,,,.....ol,·,:niçcpol!it,çotq•llomi!il!IR. PropioCNOffillmi Jla&O.nclllo prig,cn, 19lS.,,nru le opinioni dd min,wcn,cl.lk Colonie. il piiioon, ·io11<1 """"'1<lftdrllloneceuilidi•~t11llalineadclGt-btl:MI 19 17.all°epoca dtllo1f.........,._di C..,.,,ciio.sifflltpi1110""*"'•cl.còen:ilri1irodiNn1:kmopp,,
mttropO!ii.ncpn:1a11i i•Libiopcrdal1-'eal~ialiano.Takpn,.-cn11M1c..diw,_..,_oonC-imo.,IIK-'8noi ..,..almlnolul.Klncdclkl<,r.,.MLKIOllli
dall'MM 1,·ftbbtw»forma10laL,biain...,.-pnr,·-i,,.....,..._~w,cfuuu11u rq1,.11catif,anoo.bnllnnoe1"1"' ....... fiducMdlel'l111h1-l'Kendola ... pancpn -lacauAromuni:inAh:a" ~;,,,,JcnN"hoiw ~11aum-adiClldoma. 1tcoloaiti111lianc~quindi,pii,..,,,_.....,.. ck un ...wpo. l"oli11cam,:n&t, la loro aiclftu.a .-.11:n e,:~1ralt. di niollo supcri,:n aloontribulochoeMc~fi.lmn - d1rtllal'Mftlto~lc - allo1fur-.wbell1N. Comt aili rilnuo, cut a.1i11,i..., ,I ougclk>dclk>,_,..Ji ~ "'*"7,o dtll" ltalÌII cd.....,rondiunmllllipcr"'81ffl(ffltsueaonbirioaidironlri1NitT1r,luman:l'ordìnc
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inttmazionalepoabollim. l~ . il m)poMCMOq,IIUM'"lltricluttlc,pcr"""""'v1ghc ,chc Rr,maw,·a 111vanni1nnt1_.,...,,lpanodil~eoffiivalab,,wpcrpon.c avant1 lapolitadollocompmoanon1 ohe-cor,gpn,oled1-~~·iinn,, bcnof,ci dtre11i della lf)UIÌZUE d., ~mmti ...,..,lii - ~ po:moa,-n-aal,hntt;., al """""""'di 1tt11itrt i_.,; alloab. Da11'al1r1 p,MIC:, lc d1raouioni dtl conflillo 1n cu, 1"1111!,1 11"" imhùcab e la po,tau, dtllo 1form d,c .,,_ a,mpomv, per il suo IKlttnllPllCK modcvano qualsia,,i prublema coloaialc, al confroMo, uucunbilc. Dlii ,;anlO suo, ~t,podi~oon, 1·,..,......... ~lldloochcmarncn&ak .wuwni.1mcn1ew c.....:enlrico-dcl'"Ocncn,li11.....w l'l:r<:.iom.....,.11oilaliuoffll"'irffllftltcninlee alle ..,. ....,,..;ui hllle lo, aln eacn: ~ ........,_ _Avf'l:hht ~ chiaramenltqunt.1idoalldluJ)io1'11•.quMdolapmirione ull\ci1ledcll' lll.lia,:ra""""" (bm.lmtn1e) lepu, al mpetlO dolk ~i1ioni 11,,ll• Tripli,;,: allnna. ~ """""""""' la nchicm del Go\"ana10tt ddl 'Erilfca. Giutppt s.i....., Raui (in çan.:,,:
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D• ~P""IOdovilb,llo""""'""""""'°""oaleponc•lt"luoloa•cli~,....,.....-. Nt>IIIOlo il r-mo in bumlmi>unimprq,l,MOalood,uuevn,pr,o:es,ooclo.we,-.111Chc affmntaR-po~locarnctMcmili--Wlr..w.-cquasiiruc111MOffllnlecolonialo. Le ritonc hmitlie. lo KUMI C011tmllo csncilAo .,, _,, f"'l"Cd11nnm. ,I 1ìno che quqW --~-ro...roll>Qllldrat. - -q,ocll,6elkt1knl~-in""1i.krnaiq,eriakt .... oo1o.ic-~, ..........,cv 1winodmn1101lenlllnodelpn,l,lnna. Mcl l'llS,lo11Xluo di ochWfW'MlllflMa> IAi f rancia c('-.Affla&,oa{idolevicm,pllpolct',ti
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LA GUERRA DELL1SONZO 1915-1917. UNA BREVE PANORAMICA
Stefan Weclrac ~.niroluoiproponedifomin: una ............... dellet.ltaclictnl'l..l<llc
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•ill•uiu..,.......,diRov«clorimrulMdiMonfllloonio,adMuAdrilli«l,lunjjo,clrca YO..-hilometndclfi11mC l- , ,. Pa-inolticoncm,p:nneic..-.:hcpcr1~11ùricideipacsi ditn'F."'°""occidenlak,. qu,e,&or,.-iNèoulo~Nmm>nftlloOCCOOldario ~~1c-1,1..ebbcroda:i..,le10r1Jdclla111C1T11. Tumivia.per ,lpuhblico itali11110c~ilnomel.....,.,®-lapcm,c..,.;dca:nni _ _ . ièsimbolo di ormri .,._; mdkihi!i. •Più di..,.; al!Jt, frvnic dclii OrwMk Gu,nn., la o..cm, oull'J_,., ~ C<Jn!W<let...., pn l'11•1•na lkl l a ~ dei comballimcnli e l.o..-rie~di"'11«'1oi6itMI..- lalli!i•'-Jolln R. Sd!indltt.•IIOdei po,i:hillOricidilinfmillpacehe11toccupUO~undi-dcll'T-..n Ne-1191,ntalia.dopl>esMU_,,peralainodKennimcmlirodcllaTripliceAI~ dii..-bi.rùla .... ncw,,lit.iconj:IWllkoorrnudeillUIIIÌalntiGcmwtlacAlll1n&-Unpena'.
Tnl'nlMl:del l914claprimr,cndcl 19i,bonnoaWll>loop,r,qimilllipiùommo lalitnl'ltali1cl'AmDi1 - Ufta:hma - c, moqirno, nl'llaliacn- - ripardantik ~·colUilli~icllclaM-h.. JdDMubooaYfdlhclill1o1H' 11al11ò,i,;an,t,ioddla neu1nliti di .-c'ultima. Eatnmhe le pani -.vano ,;:omw,que me opi ~ oa'dlhc llaCa ""Udi.I a amboammli nd <'MO 111 cui l'AUllria • Unghma • .,_ ,·IIMO la iuem,c••-~diripo,Uf':lepn:wini:cl'Cf'IIC"'""''lfU"'°""ino........,._c.,.. ru lopm dio r u.1111" n,·o1.- a11·,-. dlC pole:>'• h.......,_ pn:,meum, lffritori appanenenc,1<11'1k""altm.vak1dnilUUr,cmnl. ll2fuprilel91<11'111lillinnt,ilPano d1Londnett1IIGnnHreupa.llFnnciaelaRllUÌloefi,,obbl,p111('111nttiftpm,, a11ru \lii,,_ in ,;amhio di 0!UDN di lmil<lrio me;...,~ rn. l'1IIN! I""'" puw, dtl Ttmlo, Triale, nilril e~ pane ..... O.lmazia. u l magio l' l!alil""""" .. Tnpl« I
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Si dlb: cql la l'O*bolitl d i ~ IUlla ..-. !Imi! di infurmaàuni, <lfivi...., dal . . . - - d, rm:cde,m hcm,e,dl, rcllln~ Vlal&' • do e,·ao1uall .......-ola- ç......, .. pm:itffl di 1quOO. I ' ~ o Il m11'0oMIIÌI di molli ditfflori ...lfflbe pOrtalO I ..,.,.,.,.(fllUlloaio.........,.idJiaties"fflli'kminf•irommen1MO:•l pi1ionòeri111W1 1<mpn:d,ffidrn1L.,dixrui ....... a,,,dcnnd(inpvilniilnmvc,o. piùdiqutllocheloUWIO•."'-*-"'•it,... ebbm>comunqucdqliinlcf_Ì..,...,.,.1i di mdotma ~ della ~ i c e .........,i,.., che m'tSIOIIO Mton oasi ddk pn,ri<.c lcMÌ,-....., di"" cel10 C~ffll da - - Ì,npcro.
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UNA CAPORETTO ANNUNCIATA. LA CONDUZIONE DEUA GUERRA CAOORNIANA NEL OIARJO
aunco DI GUERRA DI GIULIO DOUHET Eric Lehmann
T,.i---"ckb~J-~ilclianocklcolunndlo(ìllllòoDrw.llwc, ._«wNIICn'CtllO ilalianli il 2J ffllC&IO 191Sc rorwoav1111.1 f1..,d. l lld1ffllbff!Cl16. 0diarofftuno>di""'""JlfflfflU~1ica-.nellll.,....., l\\"IM»• di IClton del l'i'ome-,dari, 1n1 omc,11,ui cbili ..:ambi~ e dat;li ...,_, rMli~penodidil~.-ai,mm1idtll'omhimlepulin<:o.l>whet.....,.lo11-,lolll l(lfflll11n clallc pnmo
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Leonida O.uolali..S,cineySonuioc t·- = · 1t~ffi11r'. inaiir'"""-crilia1p1e1a11 lkllltffldollldtllapem,~dal~Mlptt!IIO.--,,lcluos,Cadoma.Al
lo:nll1Mdr:l~. ~ ....... ~ • ..,-dim,Julioncd,c1,nW:,cnel l'ono,lllpi,M> di F.....,llcin pn,vl!ICilldiT........ lei..- lùrunoraà"'"" ilune1 Dculltl. ~ ..... le a p i - - nd 1iup>l\l&lio 1\119'•- ie.li.-ì p e r d i la whdidi dc:lk wW7.>0lli dlc • - bmu!MO , ~ Il ~ . i c n , : . r ~ e Il condouclrlleopcn,ioailllCIIU'Ceacoiadivmo1volJa,cl,>. ll 1CAD....-,.,.cliiloalk
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"'--.w1aa,r.....ar1 1 1CUc1Dbre11116'. I Jiudìzi MUi criud i\"I bmulau coomc iali "l'fflamml,t rivenclicM:i' CIMO fhllli dtlv,""'°iofot-*ddllopffl"dilnll(e:ltpen-dl~ c •lki,,l,_i ..1 Cind e neppure nflellevano l"oai<:a dtJli ainbimli vico•i all'allo a>mMdo>. Eai deriv,....,.,.......,,..,,ltnenw:dl,lllowiaiuncd.-irapp<lfli"""'"""'iindìnnat,"111-i1M1111iuri d1d1viNoncc d,-,od' . , _ cdcibollctn1iuffi<:ialidi-idalCOIIIIMdcosup,cmo, olvc<hc.WlcWO~·-· dlC ()oodort..,_...,.......,<11111 ltwndrip,noali..,....,daali
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all'Ìnlff!llld,dla'f'Wl'Doul,tt,ì.....,_.,._lanawn-d,;,ll'uffi<:iod'<nc...,._ilfano dx:n...&li-,,u-diriu&)ianiunpi~di~hfflidadcdicaniallaocrimn',&li
.,,r,;....,., .... pro,pcn;... onsi...lcoull'ondammlolkltunflino.colk,c:andolo1metiwada 1ralaUUppac1h 11ffkialilllhalacmi daW1 laioclralle1fffedtW_,,,,;w,cdi,ll1poli11c1 dall'allnl. Non a cao. in lf'l'C'ld!Ce Il primo voh,rnc del diano. Dwhd 1vn:bbo: ICCOIQlo 1llapropriaoprnalron1brulitlclblllOOJl1a~dikua.:,dìllOll:,d,di..:<><Mcd, ni,p,r11dolftW>CCRAbclFnry,pubblicauincll 920coail 1ilOlola,,_....-J ·n 1,-~ J"..,,1tu,,f.~vodell1por,1rioneouaiputicolan:iaariaavcn...,11n),varsÌÌlgio,,,...., dcpulalOclri~,ni"'*'ddpiil f..,.._ halc:oFnry,rmioa..-dallirudc ll '..,,1i.n-..
1cdctcandKUeml:n l9 18mcnln:ltlnproYMdo1111fla.ilc1J1itrq.lia!OrcDC1presa1della
~ - lini:,, ..,1 fNlllc dd'Ai....,. Come lo ltcll<J Oooolilci e pafino piil di Douhd. Fmy aveva fflloc ,·...iola pem,liadal i...o,-,t,,e~adaspri<'<lfflhanimnui ili
prim1tinai.odla...- di1enm1cdil'antcria,oi1dal l'1ho.daJ,prim1C'Omeooac-sretario d1 S..OaaliF.arri(pl(pllll'l14-<illuhn:l91~)clUOOl:llli,...-rome<M/lrw•~. .,._inaw..,...,,,..;a ,n ...,.......,...,. della C'<NIIMWio<,parinw,,fa.,.,. 11, ltt c;-
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Nonwil<lnUpoirilnoltiptiio.......,vi-.,idipn,lajl(l<'lifliar-l•cr,i«o,lidelternl"' di Di,ri, ,Ji Gooem, ..:fDI dallo....,,;.,., ufficiale del C.......to a,pn,mo mlonnrllo A ....... C-.i tra rugiu e di,,.-c,nl,n: 1917'° Di•rnuncnlc da o.u,, Douhd - è ,n_ •" ai quali ,-di a. ocduo
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dallo conaiclonàoa, lklloMnlepprvMianoclmo .. ___ .. di ndum: il i,iiipouibile le U.....olf<"DIM-~perpolffolf"mdereoonla-5ima1tmpeS1ivi"eftrnd'...,,, ilcct11n>dipavtdicdiooaionedeldùp,o.itivoDnnlco: 1..a ......... _ d c a . o , t ~ ..... - ' - l c , _ _ llopa,micl . 1 Ncl"-cldlapan--i-noi;,,,_.......,., ... __,,. ,,_, .. _ ........... . , . . . . . - . - · - - . , . t 1 o 4 i ........ .,,
~ - - · v w ; : e , r. (... ]1'1,-,;-·ianne;--la V"-CM-iorlloocll'""*"'_,,..._•_°""_._,.; mli,,,4i _ _ _ _ _ ......,.t_dd...,padlt ......... d i • - ft
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di .......... di-1o..-..cldla.....__, ... 1l'.iti-olcpa,.iade<ioo, fn-,di bona,pio _
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C-tpl!SVchcllClcaoDooohctavasc:fT"ctli,...,_mcdi_,lcidecdiC..._,,,.itz. neavcvalrMmunavioionodellapcnamoltop,ildi~llrioonfronlidrila.......,.,.. offcui.-.di......,_lil"<acse,,cnin..-fano,tpCC1Ci•Oenr.iiadovcdominl,,.il dotl:rnadella lffUC&II do ann1e111anWa11>a,nialodaioollaboralidel 11,,klnYta,tialloMoltkc 1I Ve«tioo•e - ,q,puRoonlapn,pm1ÌOl'leapriviltJiaN:lamo""""'diagìnmi,r,1<>111I lian,;o • dÌll;apn<) detl'auacoo toni.le , dai l<IOÒ ~ Alfi-od von Sdllidfm e Mollltc i1Cno>......-.ritpeniv..-....,_cela:UIOndd1'àmosopiMMISdiliclfcn - urcbbe piilsi-c......to1e....,_opcnm'O -cooe11,~ lletctil"&lidmino~i11>._di .,;,~laf..-rio ,..H' ........ 1914". o-n--loloo..;tuppodella ....... dor....-. .............. e;,,pÌOlll<'lldOmòlÌOIIÌdi
uomi•i.il...ooH10relÌaaW11•DOchcl'a1tocco..,.,._piùdellodi"9a.pcrcWil ~ddlcarsiicclrllcpnairinnifnni~~i•on•~JCCmoC""" "ilvalottialrino«odelladifnoM~.oaia«lo......,_.iidofurzacdilM7ZÌclleoccone p,.,'pniccdm,all'111aero.-.:hé il1cmp,>n«aMriopcrMllamo,," . EaJi nlmc'òa•alido quatoprincipòoùaaliwl.lolMlicolt.llloCll'ambiM>11ntqim.Jl()ldwiloonlliu,.,tc1.-. inx,nandochc: dei IÌslC1ni compleMi di uincce. oppominan,miccollocù&:c provvwe di . . . 1IIOllmM:. l'f*"V"""~•1....,..,...,..,..,_C()tl06jli:o,tt,...,ichc ..:bc~~.-aipoaizionidipiccokdmorn:loon1quan1<>ai1111U
l'ak11NOM dtlllffllllte. r-.QUi..tichcoKOOnaac~..,cau111.ncudifffllMl findw1U1 1iladlho- inpwlodifflatnft i11lnllnllw..,IU*>ihÌSJYU
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u...up.-.--_ _ ,...,,.,_..,_llltrieoc po, rii.dite nella pmnttUCldomÌON••"•lln)d<>cwnctl&o ÌlotilOIMo~prrl'.......... ~-11«_...,J;,._;,,..., ,ttU'- i l o ~.chel>owhrca,Ydic.o.,._pnleompa1ibrna:,n11...,.._cli~ padltriffflleal-lOIPqUMOdc:llapem_,,111U~IC,l-ll1110,._ l'"f'P"'W'k' 1'cl IQ04..19o,; --__ d,e san:tihn\l OiWC eoxdlcnb wl '6(,-, Aariwno nmpnwcnv.alcapocb-lMl&Nftl'•vcrcb........,ilaw,,o,,.1 rifmoe.olPr110 all\,,r..,...__clopmlu,W*lluidcllasucmeombMt.wi.111-~Jli
ne,,,_~,1·,.....,,.-ilaliano•vrehb!...,..w,i~chop,,,~ coa probabililàdi-~--~climen:i~ckneieonftilri dtl~,cL·~c.1w--comuac~dl,ll,ilett.,...dc:llitffllo-t que,1&a:11J1C11eMwdi l'..,........paaii~•caroflao; edidila!IGcibchc,...,..,
. u ~". ln_........,,rin,pro,,miYaaC:MOffill il - ~ l o D . l l o
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ripowdif1lb.istl~difnidall'ani&Jieriaedallcmitn&l1Mnci"".
1.. m.1...
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dt1C0011-*.~clede,,dt,i"._,.f'lronlMiin,;ni,cMiEonuiallom,prnn.in c11iccnrimoadi ......iadi_,;,,;cnnow,li.:c-itiofff,l,daJtomnpdodei~ da c....,.... calibr'O 1S e dalle r1ffiche delle 111Ìllljjfuilric1 Mnim. Noa 111111: le perdite n..,1...,_ ..........li - ' l i Ìacollc:ludmto .!le lriactt • - · . L'.,,,,.,.c,e doli, n- . bma cklla.,..... aa ~ d l i " " ' p,cn,o ....,.-..... \IOCIChoo llile dw i..,....... do lioocodlolle.,.,;......,.""ev,, i~-;mprMi<:ahiJe. O,-.La......llC'I ~ . . . . . - di ~ - ne u.,uavia ,1 ........,, CM r-i... . _ DIIIIÒClfflO
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di-..
m,;:zrilaltda~idiocWam-,mincdiahi.....,_l....lm.
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lrllllerialmm.:c ... t~allllinockmaJunndì~cloclioadavacomhanendo
lii 1nri1ono ,...,._.._A._. invece""'° laddon affcnnava cloc il ......,.. off"ensnco di luillc:NochiarMlo_...,....1,-mibi:p,::,1..1o1parllnonnprecQ>,aqoieil - - . M.I • ~wllo 1M1ico che ncll"onttnc -.,CO, pm:W ,.;..ava in modo
lroppo--.
tra1c-..lo1ballritticlcinsidic:dclcampodìbaftaalia-laclaaica)H.;._.ci.-•iwalo -. i n ~ Jli ..-Ui pnni:iJ,ali .. ,,,.; li ..... ad allon in&.li uti '.-..;,,, di1f<JndamcMo:-temprwliP*"1~cquindi(()lpiffl'lll1i&licria....,ia,., modochcnon,--piil~acliassalittri;Kk~•vvmaricrn~ l i ~ i . immbanenri i'111UCJDai-mconin.,..iodion,on:..,.valida 1aÌ5lallll,KÌ.,_,.lclriftctt..-diwniac ...lf"IKlcodi~.~lefftnO-""""
ndkflcllVllt"'*""addiriuun ......... il pn:MepimrNodcH"ouoco;anchokoftftliwc mqlioprei--e~.ar1 ... ccnopun1ooi_,_ _ _ """"pniacrD11 ~ 111 pn l" ~ l i t a di ........., •clocemmk , CIIW*Ì e di pmoctUIR in ,,..,1i k lins dìrollqpm,:nk,cdirifoniimmwl.lÌllptrlaapmlàdddimllON!1a>l.....,lclna:e openeso nel .... <Wfl'ldlvo DOn ~ dì rincab,o fine wri•rc in i.mo c pn Mndomeu:i
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dtt,;,c,,de
dÌl'C!lalllnllr lii dal
r....... n11.... .,,....,.1111 Cadomaal momodi Dllllhd• capoddl"••- 11:a1iMa., .... dlllac,riricalf'Ìftalllcklla"'lftlloltlltadoni..... cklk,openzion1 ~ 1 N 1 IICll"inlimodd-•11torecpoidoluiÌncllllemcfflceflemMIWllo<nl.-.m1<,indi•cni inoonui1,llliwnap<,nen1idcll'..,..lll' pnlilico,q,...-o pniKri110,-*---.uli al,'dnOk, r.!11pa,,tlln11oUlid,~ _,;.,;pa1,cic,i,l.-da l:liltolaliittpri,,,i, . SapJ,ii,MOChein ... prirllolllOfflfflll),Do,,hetli.,,.impmlodiconlmm:la . . impi,eloll di......,.dcllal'lll'f"'cadonaÌIDlmuoi,nugi11,dcllucodo d- . c d cll 'in1imidodiarisloca, pwMl1•11-~IÌlffllOÌlllcalodirondtrbpul,bliea1pCl'Qlconthu;1111.- il ......., dtirnesi, iJdiapp,,nwociloem<odi....-ci<-in,poRa,acloc11avapro,,....,di~ a1 . .t~dddnpolr11vobcll-e liNIC'rifkiimpotual~lopMll'OIIIO -~~....._,ùnallcllllOri.. pulitichelc~wlpcdetCnnoudo ,wprano. Pall ..... poco..,qucsarilofwionela .... ~comololPffl*'ldi villl'- ....... 1llo ......... dalla.._iloffnllivJ11CU11Kf!PO-. AJl'iaidodtl 19 16,pw_io,...llapnililirw.idi1.11ldla,..._chc ....,mcdiianc1o,Douhct1-
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hl fallO ...ILa."'. Cml .,.icipewnmlcalla prol,ahik pron,airionea bnpdim: llffl'."UC.tialnn'1olladcc.... di--,,i.camrnmiliian:........,lapem,li...,t,l,c a,w,,ii.a.,..oonl'ormili<'CIOl~...:w.11:nnoaclclm>01ll'..,._ck-1._d,Klletnbn:. Scri,aucllclllcttaachc1vrd!ho:volulo....ldan:alpraidm1eddC.....,1lioc1i
~ d ellcC-.rNla.,.._ndl'aneAdi-iriJulllliclellaqulnaadelle undoci~dell'1-v.>(1-IS....-.col916).IW',..clolid&r.&o-~-" fOMCa,w,,I....... M1dtmJrll<olpm,;,oio~1Udalla$,ro/upN/ff(Jftt<'lllemla~i _ , _ i i1Tttnlino11 15.....,..,,fllic...i,iò11nt0111idelocKnMC!""'1lu1olcuen,.~U magio,che atandb-mnala>lpnsid,o,llltdel CM11&lio S.landne, p e r - , 1 I on1ni11trudqlilèlleriS....n1..,e1qudk1dellaCluaTallffll'l'alel"lo.••M•,m-.eoJ>,,ncnd,n·i '"""" pri di !*Ok tutte k mlio:lw 11110 11d Mkn tffllR adl"imniù dd diario"". S,
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dellooconw111poo.iz,onifonifa:ak.oiDllin1va1lopnn:lclnlppCinaua<di_,.u;..,., c,...,......,ludnli,~l,;proi:nc<Vlp,,1,~1d,--,d1c«pod'-
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• S.i-!n la"""'iluz.-*'Capodi.aiornaiapore:
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N<><1~11e~lttlcfap.-ctrt1hvarnenle•do$ina:non,c,madauna11aùlc
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f1nochoolcapod1-om.,_..-""'clle-«l~h,wppnd,pnm-mo p.ano.lklJa.ornplasairorc.;...... bcUg. lnw;Gndok>ot<>-,;t,.la-pcn,,aneM11oil'apocc clcllaca1madicornandodipcnde>-.torM:p;tda8)itq11ihhrideliroaniNin-,1i &l"ppi d,rilfflli "'ihwi epolit..:i.-Wdallallduc.. ~ li "'l ..,..,_ - ti::,nnain,enie ICllf>'ldcll'een,_,, ilrtMdielcpvail«omAftdoa-~ , ,;f,.-dal .....llltl effcltn'anomw.,...'ll"ill M>I ICnmO.. l..i;_, va MIOl._d.., il AMtfnaclcU".,LX,:<) front1k:pa">'1Q«ffllmka.Jopm,lodaùo.:>nwilelll':atropp,P"O«~perlcPfflli1e diffm•• ..-oalmnlt da quello in•~ nqli akri aerciti ; cui a,manduli. alla,-, di q,,,:ll, olaloan,. non CR!dc>'-, 1tb110cM la batb1lia cli ffllknale • • - tel0 obtolclo lo 1<:tim.a da»ico clc!lu abodamcnlo hnbolc clcllc ~ 1,..,cr.-i,c". Nc:U1
1om......,1r.ila,n,pln9<>diuint"ee111111""'fi""'•""_,_• li•cllo 11nioo""'Ji............uc roncep,1<1perrnc11<ninqualc:KmodorromtNtncnri1"""'"'doll fuoco nernoroeq"'nd' .....,.,. pcrmnkn: cli rDJ*mÌln: k ......, nit . Ma 11111 pi,n,:, lltlltlqiro. .,...,......,.. ..... 11•11M1r1C• ;,,,pa,.tr .,.., vntflnibso""' oonfllm preadml1,CM nrn, pema•-.oodì rilol•·CK lanciando pOdcrol,c bllla&l"' di ronura CM. per l"impoNibihù di afotlck:tt .,...;no... .._ldamt,Nc fonilkalcscasJionalc111p,Ìllma:.~fuc:ia•-...,inba!U&licdl kJt<nmmloacui ""'""ftO""('e'òl«lffll'flOIUVII
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IL GENERALE E IL VETERANO: GU ALTI COfoWIIDI E LA GUERRA ATTRAVERSO LA CORRISPONDENZA INEDITA TRA GUGUElMO PECOR.1-GIRALDI E LUIGI MAJNONI D1NTIGNANO.
Jacopo Lorenzini J. Mi,.,,eG;,i Nellaprin11"ffldrl l'US,al.......,io dclla moboli""ionit,..,.ddlc11UOYC divi,ioni di miliria mobilcdd Rqio~iu,Jianovientallldall adt1111ffi"'akpiJOl!t-va10dal
_.....,in Ubia,piuuoaoavnconpiannic-~adàwfiaòcamm1ea ..-1o....,..,...diuncoall,llO.Ci6 DOn01.-, il 1•1tmoliomiliao~Ìmlo PK<WÌ· Qinildì Del anoàci IUC«tliYi In: anni diw.-.i Co.w>danic,di corpocpo,i d"amW&, e 1i~1pòdan: lc~unili ... M1l fton1CclfS!fOchcMOqwllo1m11ino&U'Cndo111 prima.,...-11 rDillaWI 111liana alb $trr,fe.•r•,diA,.1'""ma, c1llcofl"c,,soV<'dcl ~ l e Cmnd nel 1917-11. Nella parabola di queom allo 11fficoak: 0000 <p,1indi ~~ rinm.rc,iallilii.i.lkslkkdie ~ront1inop,,ne1Jlr<!l ,1edinll"ft'-ialcdd rnm:11o ,111iano,oia imularnmlichc il-di1"Cft'l,subòk'CIYlllcdtll'tmp1!M>0011laiahtddoonftino
,-..,.,nfin,e la~dltd111>110ri6pw>1-n1'10unullicialedi1kwimo~ L""l'J'(ll1IM1Wdi~ laliq.-innic,ifomi11dlH~rorrisf,oodmnoncdi11 elle P«ori-Oinkl, , _ con il M1pc:ri,:n . ...-W e:, miniffne VdCnlnù IÌtofKJffll:ftQlle Luiti Majno,,i d' lnlipano. l due ..........ic, do lu11p data,ll!Mffllk>IUIOil
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,iov... G11&1idmo (chi: li !inno ,W;,,,,) ..oo ..WCIO rolbbonltft di un Maj_, allon.. era fiMOIIOCfflloc iniz,o ~•lr"l*"'clolbpropria ,;arri,,:ra pmr--ac, e politica. 11.tl,a,a., le lcn=c lccarl<>l111tchc ;1 ,.,......i..00ttn11no optdoon, clii l'roo.lC al 1UO
anziu,o-c,~poaibik.,..,......1riroltrv.ife l' ~ cklcomandoin111Cff111U Wffik:1<lolRqì,,even:i10ÌIIIIÒUO du-la~pl'l'Tlld1L'_,,,..~, ~ 1cd1H<n""*1n la pemt RUdiaa...; libri edcapai111 ;.i:on1a,11,,rok,,,ialc. c i.,-1"""" iv-1<- d .. ianu,
uffi<:ia1,~-. • - f f l l n l " l l ' l l l l - o Ou1Picl100l'roori-Oiraldi~•llallllll'illl,d,,,mtd,oi~iital...,;(i..anmn ..,ll'in~en-.i 191 .. 13 vcdc dì bwn ...,.,hio bi p1rt«1pa,:oonc ckl po,cH. Il cooftino europoo. Nell1primld.:llc lcum:""""""'*nell'an:hi\ioMltj110rnil.,......Jeio.,ça.,o,d,e oilm\'a-1 di,,poain,nc-lindal 1911 cwivcomw.tda.,,,;ndl,:-1mu1eddMugdlo, ipiul....,apbc1tollri...-,lo · lnl'lltro.~1s<os1ea,,oddla..,.polWOM""" moliYazioncemiraMcmca1ep;,litioJ...culnnleptu"""4cilC""""fl;,,,.,.~JlitL
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INDICE
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