OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Volume 62 • No. 2 • February 2013
Reservoir Characterization . . . Diverse Rockies and Analog Plays
Making Sound Decisions
Keynote Speaker Thomas Jorden
3D Seismic Symposium
Chairman, CEO, and President
Tuesday March 5, 2013
Cimarex Energy
Kickoff Speaker Mark Zoback
Sheraton Downtown Denver
Professor of Geophysics Stanford University “Reservoir Geomechanics Applied to Stimulation of Shale Gas / Tight Gas / Tight Oil Reservoirs�
1550 Court Place
Contact Co-Chair: Jim Thorson jim.thorson@catamountexploration.com
Exhibitor registration now open!
www.3dseismicsymposium.com Unconventional/Conventional . . . Advanced Imaging . . . More . . . ! Sponsored by Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists & Denver Geophysical Society Vol. 62, No. 2
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The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 910 16th Street • Suite 1125 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303-573-8621 The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) is a nonprofit organization whose purposes are to promote interest in geology and allied sciences and their practical application, to foster scientific research and to encourage fellowship and cooperation among its members. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the RMAG.
2013 Officers and Board of Directors RMAG Staff
Executive Director Emily Tompkins etompkins@rmag.org Office & Programs Manager Carrie Veatch, MA cveatch@rmag.org Accountant Carol Dalton cdalton@rmag.org
Co-Editors
Kristine Peterson k.peterson@laramidegeo.com Holly Sell hsell@nobleenergyinc.com
President – Debra Higley-Feldman higley@usgs.gov
Treasurer – Mike Kozimko mkozimko@yatespetroleum.com
President-Elect – Matt Silverman MSilverman@bayless-cos.com
Treasurer Elect – Reed Johnson reed.johnson@cometridgeresources.com
Secretary – Jacinda Nettik Brown jacinda@caerusoilandgas.com
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Cheryl Whitney cwhitney@laramidegeo.com Debbie Downs debradowns@att.net
Wednesday Noon Luncheon Reservations
RMAG Office: 303.573.8621 Fax: 303-628-0546 staff@rmag.org www.rmag.org
Counselor (1 Year) – John Ladd john.ladd@fmr.com
2nd Vice-President – Laura Mauro Johnson lmauro@newfield.com
Catherine Campbell ccampbell@bayless-cos.com
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Counselor (2 Year) – Laura L. Wray laura.wray@wpxenergy.com
1st Vice-President – Larry Rasmussen larryr@whiting.com
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DEADLINES: ad submissions are the 1st of every month for the following month's publication. The Outcrop is a monthly publication of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 910 16th Street, Suite 1125• Denver, CO 80202
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President’s Column By Debra Higley
What is this fracking stuff? across the U.S. and the World; knowledge of how much petroleum is recoverable and from where is critical to our national infrastructure. Associated fact sheets and other USGS publications are available on the web (including some at http://energy.usgs.gov). We endeavor to write these to a broad audience that ranges from the public to fellow scientists, industry, and organizations, but it is not easy because people are commonly unfamiliar with earth science, the world beneath our feet. The Colorado Geological Survey (http://geosurvey. state.co.us/Pages/CGSHome. aspx ) is a great source of information that includes publications, data, and videos on petroleum, water, and mineral resources, and geologic hazards; included are sites for students and teachers. Two video sources of information on energy use and resources are “Truthland” (http://www. truthlandmovie.com/), which was recommended by Kathleen Sgamma of the Western Energy Alliance, and Scott Tinker’s “Switch” movie on energy sources and usage across the world. “Switch” (http:// www.switchenergyproject. com/) is quite balanced and very interesting. The RMAG publications, talks, shor t
A few years ago if I told someone that I was a geologist the usual rejoinder was, “oh, you must have a good rock collection.” Now it is “what is this fracking stuff” or “I’m not going to let you drill here”... A friend of mine was railing on about oil companies destroying aquifers and that fracking is ruining the environment, so we discussed the topic and I sent him oil and gas information and video sites. He didn’t look at them. How does one combat all of the misinformation on energy and other resources? We are essentially mining petroleum from reservoirs and water from aquifers, but the open tap for resources that consumers tend to take for granted comes with exploration, development, production, and the entire associated infrastructure. Most of the flashy oil company commercials on TV really don’t add much. I wish they would take the 30 seconds and provide more than cute images of molecules and employees. At the USGS we assess oil and gas resources and conduct research for basins
At the USGS we assess oil and gas resources and conduct research for basins across the U.S. and the World; knowledge of how much petroleum is recoverable and from where is critical to our national infrastructure.
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President's Column courses, symposia, and networking opportunities also help to keep us informed. The bottom line is that it falls to all of us to provide information on our science through our careers and volunteering at schools and other venues. On another topic, The RMAG Mountain Geologist will be provided to you in digital format starting in 2013. Primary reasons are cost savings to RMAG, authors, and advertisers; digital-only color images cost the same as black and white. Also, for many or most of us, digital publications are easier to store and access than paper copies. I will admit that using less paper is important as well; at home and work I recycle and compost (also known as the squirrel buffet).
Geochemistry for Energy dig delivers quick answers
»
to questions that arise in the
EDITOR'S NOTE:
Fracking, frac’ing or fracing? The editors could not come to agreement, is fracking too much like an explective? Has the industry lost the battle by using these terms and spellings? Does this even matter? Should we care how we spell it? Give us your thoughts.
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RMAG November Board of Directors Meeting (Part 1 of 2) By Kimberley Alanis, Secretary (Kimberley.Alanis@vantageenergy.com)
Vol. 62, No. 2
As I pass the pen off to Jacinda Brown (the 2013 RMAG Secretary), I want to thank everyone for their support of our organization.
organization has done a great job balancing the budget in 2012. The Continuing Education Committee has a great year planned ahead. Please be on the lookout for upcoming events. As I pass the pen off to Jacinda Brown (the 2013 RMAG Secretary), I would like to congratulate all of the new Board Members, as well as commend the outgoing Board Members for a very productive year. It has been my pleasure to serve as the 2012 RMAG Secretary.
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RMAG November Board of The 2012 Board of Directors meeting was held on December 7, 2012 for the annual joint meeting with the incoming 2013 Board Members at the Marriott City Center. I would like to congratulate all of the new Board Members, as well as commend the outgoing Board Members for a very productive year. This meeting was short and sweet for the 2012 Board. The meeting began, as usual, with an update from our treasurer reporting RMAG’s November income and expenses. The
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OUTCROP Newsletter of the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
CONTENTS Features
9 Lead Story: Direct Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Advanced Borehole Gas and Cuttings Volatile Analysis for Oil and Gas Wells 20 Petroleum History Institute Call for Papers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Association News 2 Making Sound Decisions – 3-D Seismic Symposium 12 RMAG/DAPL GeoLand Ski Day 2013 Registration Form 16 "Making Sound Decisions," 3-D Seismic Symposium Set for March 5th, 2013 28 SAVE the DATE!! 29 USGS Rocky Mountain Science Seminar 30 RMAG 2013 Summit Sponsorship
31 ATTENTION ADVERTISERS! 32 Call for Abstracts/ Speakers
Departments 4 President's Column 6 RMAG November Board of Directors Meeting (Part 1 of 2) 8 RMAG December Board of Directors Meeting (Part 2 of 2) 8 Outcrop Advertisiing Rates 23 In the Pipeline 25 Luncheon Program AAPG Distinguished Lecturer 33 New Members 34 Advertisers Index 34 Calendar of Events
COVER PHOTO Mt. Grinnell in Glacier National Park viewed from the shore of Swiftcurrent Lake at sunrise. A small boulder of reddish-brown late Precambrian sedimentary rock with large red mudstone ripup clasts adorns the foreground. Photo taken July 17, 2010 by Dean DuBois.
Volume 62 • No. 2 • February 2013
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RMAG December Board of Directors Meeting (Part 2 of 2) By Jacinda Nettik Brown, Secretary (jacinda@caerusoilandgas.com) The Board of Directors meeting was held on December 5, 2012 at the Marriot Denver City Center. This was a joint meeting of the outgoing 2012 Board members and the incoming 2013 Board members. After the 2012 Board members were excused, the new members stayed for part two of the meeting. I look forward to taking over as the 2013 RMAG Secretary. I would like to thank Kimberly Alanis for making this a smooth t r a n si ti on as I take over. Additionally, thank you to the rest of the 2012 Board members for their dedication to RMAG. Part two of the meeting began with Emily Tompkins introducing herself and the rest of the RMAG Office Staff. It included distribution of contact information and the revised by-laws.
Next, Debra Higley discussed the GeoScienceWorld Proposal. GSW has contacted RMAG Publications Committee and RMAG BOD to promote RMAG partnering with GSW for their web-based e-books. This would make RMAG Publications available to all GeoScienceWorld subscribers as well as provide links from GSW website back to the RMAG website. Debra indicated she would email details of the proposal to board members for review so a decision could be made at the January board meeting. The Januar y Board of Director’s meeting has been moved to Thursday, January 17th at 4:00 p.m. due to a conflict with an upcoming event on the normal third Wednesday of the month. It will be held at the RMAG office.
I look forward to taking over as the 2013 RMAG Secretary. I would like to thank Kimberly Alanis for making this a smooth transition as I take over.
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LEAD STORY Direct Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Advanced Borehole Gas and Cuttings Volatile Analysis for Oil and Gas Wells By Scott Field, Field Geoservices and Don Hall, Fluid Inclusion Technologies, Inc. in 90 seconds), and baseline sensitivity for C4+ species Introduction on the order of 0.1 ppm, and can help pinpoint zones New quantitative methods of borehole gas detection of interest even in very low pressure reservoirs. Even and analysis have begun to change the way oil and nominally liquid-range petroleum species with finite gas operators are analyzing their mud gas data. (but measurable) vapor pressure can be analyzed Traditionally, gas chromatographs have been used to (Fig. 1). The instrument is capable of discriminating determine where gas shows exist within the borehole. among major classes of organic compounds (e.g., These chromatographs generally were able to detect hydrocarbons up to C5, and ratios such as Wetness, Balance, and Character could be used to analyze the gas properties. With the Fluid Inclusion Technologies (FIT) Direct Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (DQ1000TM) (www.fittulsa.com), a much more complete picture of the petroleum system and reservoir can be obtained, due to the chemical breadth of species that are analyzed. The DQ1000TM Mass Spectrometer was developed and patented by FIT, a spinoff of Amoco Production Research. It has been run on hundreds of wells worldwide, but particularly within unconventional reservoirs in the U.S. The ultimate goal is to enable Figure 1. Selected species analyzed with DQMS. clients to use this technology to drill, paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics) as well as inorganic test and produce wells more effectively (Hall, et al., 2010; species such as CO2, He, N2, O2, H2, Ar, organic acid, sulfur Hall and Sterner, 2012; Ramaswami et al., 2012). species, and mud additives. Interpretation of DQMS The DQ1000TM is a ruggedized portable instrument data, although potentially complex, benefits from the designed for on-site, 24/7, real-time formation fluid large body of information available from fluid inclusions analysis and evaluation. Conditioned gas (particulates trapped in rock material, and the analysis of these fluids and excess moisture removed) is continuously presented with analogous instrumentation by FIT over the last 23 to the instrument through a standard gas line, and years (Hall et al., 1997). is sampled via a short capillary bleed without boiling Companies such as Field Geo Services, Inc. (www. point separation (in contrast to GC or GCMS). This fieldgeoservices.com) are operating this system on allows rapid analysis of high molecular weight species location and providing in-depth analysis on applications (complete analysis of C1-C10 and inorganic compounds Continued on page 10 Âť
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Lead Story
Continued from page 9
such as compartmentalization, water saturation, depletion, fractures and faults, type and quantity of hydrocarbon zones, porosity and permeability, drill bit wear and more. Some of these applications are illustrated in Figures 2-5. Field Geo Services, Inc. will plot the data on a 30� widestrip-log and provide an LAS file with over 100 chemical species and ratios as well as provide full analysis and cross-plots of zones of interest. Figure 2 records an oil-water contact below a bypassed oil zone. Absolute benzene concentration follows the hydrocarbon phase, but the ratio of benzene to toluene increases in the water leg due to the relative increase in benzene solubility in water as compared to toluene. Similar logic can be used to identify hydrocarbon zones with high producible water content, and water bearing zones that contain an updip hydrocarbon column. Figure 3 illustrates compartmentalization within several shows in a wellbore. A cross plot of methane to ethane illustrates that shows 1-3 are not in chemical equilibrium, and are variable in terms of wetness (steeper sloped shows indicate drier gas). Show 1b is a slightly
depleted version of shows 1a and 1c, which otherwise have similar C1-C2 ratios. Defining compartmentalization in unconventional reservoirs can be useful for completion operations. Figure 4 shows a through-going high angle fault in a horizontal shale borehole. In this case, helium (ultimately derived from radioactive decay of uranium, thorium and potassium) is preferentially transported from a deeper horizon into the shale. The damage zone around the fault is identified as a general increase in helium around the main fault, but in this case, the more prominent break is associated with the highest helium concentration. Note that the ratio of helium to total gas is much higher than outside the fault zone, reinforcing the interpretation that an exotic fluid is being introduced from outside the main formation. Another complementary lab-based service available from FIT is called fluid inclusion volatile analysis or Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy (FISTM). FISTM is a rapid, automated process conducted on unpreserved cuttings, core or outcrop samples of any age. Approximately 1 gm of material is crushed in a vacuum system and
Figure 2. Oil-water contact within a bypassed oil zone. The transition from oil to water is indicated by an increase in the ratio of benzene to toluene in this case (red curve, second track from right).
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Lead Story
Figure 3. Compartmentalization indicated on a cross plot of C1 vs. C2.
the evolved gas and liquid range species (C1-C13 hydrocarbons and various inorganic compounds) are analyzed via direct quadrupole mass spectrometry. Fluid inclusions are encapsulated pore fluids, generally included in the rock by diagenetic processes or fracture healing events (Fig. 5). In organic rich shales, conversion of kerogen to oil and gas creates nanoporosity within converted kerogen structures and provides significant storage capacity for fluids within these lithologies. These nanopore fluids contribute significantly to FIS responses in source rocks. Depth profiles of the entire wellbore are constructed by automated FIS analysis of hundreds of samples per well and are used to map migration pathways, charge, paleocharge, proximity to pay, seals, compartmentalization and fluid type and quality. An example is shown in Figure 6. Here, a flanking dry hole had no conventional
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drilling shows. Archived cuttings analysis indicates that a shallow microseep is present, that light undersaturated oil migrated through the reservoir section, and that the hydrocarbon is still reservoired within approximately 5 miles (8 km). Cumulatively, the data lower the risk associated with drilling updip. Thus, while the DQ1000TM characterizes open pore fluids, FISTM can help identify paleo-charge that may have been lost to system or redistributed to other portions of the basin. FIS is also useful in wells where drilling conditions (e.g., overbalance) have resulted in limited formation gas being liberated to the mud system. In unconventional reservoirs FIS data can be used to help predict fluid type, composition and volume within tight rock, as well as identify variability along laterals that can be exploited for more effective completions. Continued on page 13 Âť
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RMAG ♦♦ DAPL
GeoLand Ski Day 2013 What: Where: When:
Ski Downhill - Cross Country - Snowboard Copper Mountain Resort Friday, March 1, 2013
7:30 a.m. 12:30 p.m. TBA 3:00 - 5:30 p.m. 7:00 p.m.
Schedule of Events
Buses depart promptly from Heritage Square in Golden Coffee, juice and donuts will be provided on buses Lunch on your own and a re-group opportunity Solitude Station (a mid-mountain lodge) American Eagle Nastar Race Event (details to be provided on bus) Après Ski Party: Food, beer, wine, and door prizes Kokopelli Trail Room/Jills Deck located in the Center Village Area at Base of American Flyer Buses return to Heritage Square
For Sponsorship Opportunities or Additional Information, Please Call:
RMAG Chairs ♦♦ Chris Gough ♦♦ 303-893-9020 ♦♦ Larry Bennett 720-536-2901 DAPL Chair ♦♦ Patsy Botts 303-925-0696 (x120) DAPL at 303-446-2253, fax 303-595-9701 ♦♦ RMAG at 303-573-8621
REGISTRATION FORM (PLEASE REGISTER EARLY!)
Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Company: ______________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________________ Phone: Business: Residence: ______________________________________________ E-mail Address: __________________________________________________________ Your Shirt size: S M L XL XXL Please Reserve:
Downhill Lift Tickets, Bus Ride and Après Ski Party Downhill Lift Tickets and Après Ski Party (No bus) Bus Ride and Party Only Après Ski Party Only
# _____ (X $125) = # _____ (x $100) = # _____ (x $75) = # _____ (x $50) =
$___________ $___________ $___________ $___________
Total Enclosed $___________ Deadline for reservations is Monday, February 25th, 2013. No cancellations after Friday February 22nd.
Make checks payable & mail to: RMAG/DAPL Ski Day, 535 16th Street, Suite 850, Denver, CO 80202 OR GO ON LINE at www.RMAG.org (click on “ski button”) Vol. 62, No. 2
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Lead Story
Continued from page 11
Figure 4. Through-going fault in horizontal shale well. Distinct fluid composition associated with fault suggests it transects deeper units, allowing exotic species to invade the faulted formation. Lack of offset in chemistry across the fault may indicate a small amount of throw, or strike-parallel displacement. Total gas in black; helium in red, CO2 in Blue, hydrogen in green (right track).
Figure 5. Fluid inclusions in sandstone. 1: Gas; 2: Brine; 3: Oil in white light; 4: Oil under UV light.
Continued on page 14 Âť
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Lead Story
Continued from page 13
Figure 6. Fluid inclusion volatile analysis from cuttings from a dry hole and discovery well. No drilling shows were recorded in the dry well, but cuttings indicate the presence of active microseepage from crestal charge, light oil migration through the flanking well and water-soluble organic species indicative of nearby reservoired hydrocarbons.
For more information or for interest in using these systems and processes, please contact Field Geo Services, Inc. at 970-270-4940 or visit their webpage at www.fieldgeoservices.com or Fluid Inclusion Technologies’ webpage at www.fittulsa.com.
SPE Hedberg Conference: Applications of Reservoir Fluid Geochemistry, June 8-11, Vail Colorado. Hall, D.L., and Sterner, S.M., (2012) Analysis of borehole gas with direct quadrapole mass spectrometry, Unconventional reservoir workshop, October, Muscat, Oman. Ramaswami, Shyam, Hani Elshahawi, Daniela Frese, Dennis Naafs, Melton Hows, Shyam Arora, Rawa Ahmed, Erik Banning, Waleed Bulushi, Don Hall, and Azzan Hamed Al-Yaarubi, (2012) Integration of Advanced Mud Gas Logs, Petrophysical Logs and Formation Testing for Fluid Typing - A Middle East Case Study SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, June 16-20, Cartegena, Colombia.
References
Hall, D.L., Shentwu, W., Sterner, S.M., and Wagner, P.D., (1997) Using fluid inclusions to explore for oil and gas: Hart’s Petroleum Engineer International, 29-34. Hall, D.L., Sterner, S.M., and Lacazette, A, (2010) Analysis of borehole gas with direct quadrapole mass spectrometry, AAPG/SEG/
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URTeC. The integrated event for oil & gas asset teams.
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"Making Sound Decisions,” 3-D Seismic Symposium Set for March 5th, 2013
Preview: 19th Annual 3-D Seismic Symposium, Tuesday, March 5th, 2013, Sheraton Downtown Hotel - Denver, Colorado Compiled by Steve Jensen, sajensen11@gmail.com The 19th Annual 3-D Seismic Symposium, jointly sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists and the Denver Geophysical Society, will be held Tuesday, March 5th, 2013 at the Downtown Sheraton Hotel in Denver, Colorado. Please note the new venue, chosen to provide the Symposium with additional seating capacity and an expanded vendor area. This year’s symposium is co-chaired by David Scolman and Jim Thorson. The 3-D Symposium will highlight 12 presentations, concentrating on case histories in resource plays using large-scale 3-D seismic surveys. Case studies include Rocky Mountain projects in the Niobrara, Bakken, and Piceance, along with other analog plays from the US (Fayetteville, Marcellus, and Eagle Ford), and Western Canadian Basins. Attendees to this year’s Symposium will witness the most up-to-date concepts and workflows in our industry, with many of the talks being presented here in public for the first time. Early Registration is currently available by contacting either DGS or RMAG societies (www.rmag.org, www.denvergeo.org), or via the 3-D Symposium website www.3dseismicsymposium. com. This year’s Keynote Speaker will be Thomas Jorden, Chairman, CEO, and President of Cimarex Energy. His talk, entitled “Geophysics from the Corner Office,” allows Tom to provide his unique perspective on 3-D seismic and resource plays as a career geophysicist with Bachelor and Master degrees from the Colorado School of Mines who has now risen to the top of the corporate ladder.
The meeting will begin with our Kickoff Speaker: Dr. Mark Zoback, Benjamin M. Page Professor of Geophysics at Stanford University. Mark will talk on “Reservoir Geomechanics Applied to Stimulation of Shale Gas/ Tight Gas/Tight Oil Reservoirs,” which he should be well versed in since he literally wrote the book on the topic. Highlighted will be the latest information on the industries’ use of geomechanical data to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery in several North American basins. Eric Von Lunen, a Senior Geophysical Advisor for Nexen, Inc. will present “Utilizing Geophysical Concepts in Unconventional Resource Evaluation.” Resource plays require information on reservoir quality, fracability, fracture networks, and the stimulated rock volume to estimate reserves. Seismic data including inversion and attributes like curvature, coherence, and microseismic data can help quantify this information, but they require a focus on trace-to-trace fidelity and noise suppression. Using examples from Western Canadian Basins, Eric will discuss the premium acquisition programs and strict processing flows necessary to help quantify reserve estimates. Glenn Winters, Chief Geophysicist for Fasken Oil and Ranch, Ltd., will discuss “Obstacles and Pitfalls for the Everyday Interpreter.” The presentation will show data examples of common interpreter errors in dealing with unconventional resource plays. Focus will be on the reprocessing of seismic data, which data volumes to use and when, use of depth conversion, and the integration of microseismic into 3-D volumes. A comparison of two microseismic surveys collected by two different contractors in the Eagle Ford will be discussed. Jack Wiener, Senior Technical Advisor for Halliburton in Denver will present “Using 3D Seismic Data to Make Sound Decisions Drilling Horizontal Wells in the Niobrara Formation.” This talk will use a Niobrara case study to demonstrate how 3-D seismic-oriented workflows increase the performance in a high percentage of horizontal wellbores. Three areas of study will be discussed: using 3-D to more effectively pre-plan horizontal drilling, the use of a unique RBF neural network approach for a more
Neil H. Whitehead, III Consulting Geologist PhD
CPG-AIPG
PG WY
Rocky Mountain Basins Wellsite to Petroleum Systems ArcGIS 303-679-8573
fax 303-679-8574
31634 Black Widow Way
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Conifer, CO
neil3@q.com 80433-9610
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"Making Sound Descisions” 3-D Seismic Symposium
useful and revealing integration of seismic and well data, and using geostatistical methods to help interpret the integrated dataset for reservoir analysis. Marita Gading will discuss Statoil Norway’s findings on “Rock Physics and Seismic Data Used in Characterization of Source Rock Reservoirs.” The author will illustrate how increased resolution from 3D seismic data inversion can identify predefined rock physics properties and lithology classifications useful in the Marcellus Trend of Pennsylvania. Greg Johnson is a Senior Geophysicist with WesternGeco in Denver. His presentation on “Advanced Imaging and Inversion for Oil Production Estimates in Unconventional Resource Plays,” will present a case study from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota. Here, advanced imaging and inversion techniques, including neural networks, unlock the true predictive power of 3-D seismic methodology for optimal development of unconventional resources. For a fraction of the total drilling and development cost, 3-D seismic data can aid in predrill planning, reducing drilling risk, maximizing ultimate recovery and dramatically impacting a project’s economic success. Wave Imaging Technology’s Morgan Brown, in cooperation with Dave List and Chris Lang from Fidelity E&P Co., will present “PSDM for Unconventional Reservoirs? A Niobrara Shale Case Study.” Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) adapted to unconventional resource plays will be shown to provide two major benefits: more accurate geologic dips between well control, and crisper better positioned views of faulting. Results will be highlighted in a case study from a high-resolution, wideazimuth, 50 sq. mi. survey acquired in the Niobrara Shale of Southeast Wyoming. Here, proper interpretation of the 3-D dataset produced a newwell vertical mis-tie correction to the top Niobrara of just 4 feet. Review of these data shows more than enough OUTCROP
variation in the Thomsen delta to justify Anisotropic PSDM processing. Murray Roth, President of Transform Software Services, in conjunction with Ted Royer from Global Geophysical, will discuss “Seismic Data – Key to Solving the Eagle Ford ‘Puzzle.’” With over 250 active rigs and 3500 producing wells, the South Texas Eagle Ford has emerged as one of the top US unconventional plays. Though current production exceeds 1 million barrels per day (70% liquid), individual well performance is highly variable. To help understand this variance, the authors have created a database of all producing Eagle Ford wells, and using predictive analytic techniques, correlate geologic and drilling/completion data with individual well performance to highlight production trends and optimal engineering parameters. Schlumberger’s Paul Miller will introduce “Application of Seismically Derived Fracture Mapping Continued on page 19 »
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UPCOMING
EDUCATION SCHEDULE L a st C h a nce February 21, 2013
E-Symposium: Petrophysics of Carbonates 10:00 a.m. CST
February 11-15, 2013
Winter Education Conference - 14 courses over 5 days! Houston, Texas
Short Courses April 15-19, 2013
Basic Well Log Analysis Austin, Texas
Earlybird rates end March 18! April 16-18, 2013
Petrophysical Analysis and Integrated Approaches to the Study of Carbonate Reservoirs Austin, Texas
Earlybird rates end March 18!
Field Seminars March 27-28, 2013
Field Safety Course for Field Trip Leaders Houston, Texas
Earlybird rates end February 27! April 5-12, 2013
Modern Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems South Carolina
Earlybird rates end March 8! April 14-19, 2013
Deep-Water Siliciclastic Reservoirs Northern California
Earlybird rates end March 15!
Clastic Reservoir Facies and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Alluvial-Plain, Shoreface, Deltaic,
April 20-26, 2013
Earlybird rates end March 22!
and Shelf Depositional Systems Utah
Registration and Information: 7ROO IUHH 8 6 DQG &DQDGD RU ‡ )D[ ‡ HPDLO HGXFDWH#DDSJ RUJ 'RZQORDG D UHJLVWUDWLRQ IRUP DW KWWS ZZZ DDSJ RUJ HGXFDWLRQ LQGH[ FIP
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"Making Sound Descisions” 3-D Seismic Symposium
Continued from page 17
for Unconventional Reservoir Exploitation.” The paper will focus on using Ant-Tracking fault delineation to provide a powerful means of rapidly obtaining detailed, unbiased fault and fracture interpretation from seismic amplitude data. Integration with fracture information derived from well logs and microseismic data is shown to provide a detailed understanding of the geometries associated with fault/fracture networks. It is particularly powerful in terms of capturing small scale, often subtle discontinuities which normal interpretation would not traditionally capture. Example areas will include the Piceance/Colorado, Bakken/North Dakota, and Fayetteville/Arkansas. Wrapping up the list of authors will be Nate Fisher of Enerplus Resources, USA. He will present “A Tale of Two Surveys: Marcellus Development With and Without 3-D Seismic.” To create the preferred Marcellus Shale development plan, Enerplus requires the integration of surface data, core analysis, log-based rock properties, and the structural interpretation of 3-D seismic data. Unfortunately, drilling commitments required to hold leases often force it to employ a no-huddle, hurry-up approach. Nate will share an experience that resulted in a
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challenging appraisal well initially drilled on 2-D seismic, then later side-tracked with the help of 3-D seismic. The results of that well and the following well, also planned with the 3-D data will be highlighted. Lessons learned should help those involved with well development in structurally complex plays. Registration is now open through either RMAG or DGS, or via the 3-D Symposium website (www.3dseismicsymposium.com). Sign up now and take advantage of the early registration discount. If you are interested in providing corporate sponsorship for this event, please contact Jim Folcik at Jim_Folcik@ eogresources.com for more information.
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Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013
R
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Learn New Skills With PTTC Petroleum Geostatistics Wednesday, February 13, 8:30 AM-5:00 PM Colorado School of Mines, Ben Parker Student Center Ballroom D Fee: $250, includes food at breaks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructors: Dr. Todd Hoffman, Colorado School of Mines The objective of Petroleum Geostatistics is to learn the basic geological and statistical concepts used to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs. This course will teach you how to use geostatistical tools to create high quality petroleum reservoir models. Fundamental techniques such as kriging and sequential simulation will be covered along with more recent developments, for instance, Boolean methods and multipoint geostatistics. This course covers some theory but is mainly focused on practical applied procedures that can be used to create models. Participants will employ easyto-use modeling software to put many of the techniques into practice by building basic models using freeware on their own computers. Todd Hoffman is an Assistant Professor in the Petroleum Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines. He teaches classes on EOR, geostatistics and reservoir engineering. His research involves improved recovery for shale oil reservoirs, fracture reservoir modeling and ensuring data consistency while history matching. Before joining CSM, Todd was a senior reservoir engineer for Golder Associates in the FracMan group. He was also an assistant professor at Montana Tech and has been a reservoir engineer for companies such as Anadarko and Chevron. He is active in SPE most recently as the Pacific Northwest Section president. He is a member of the Order of Engineers and a licensed professional engineer. Todd received his B.S. in petroleum engineering from Montana Tech and his M.S. and his Ph.D. in petroleum engineering from Stanford University.
GIS and GPS for Earth Scientists Friday, February 22, 8:30 AM-5:00 PM Colorado School of Mines, Berthoud Hall Rm 201 Fee: $195, includes food at breaks, class notes, and PDH certificate Instructors: Dr. Joseph J. Kerski, ESRI This one-day workshop will offer hands-on experience for professionals who want to learn how to use GIS, GPS, spatial data such as geologic maps and satellite images, and online resources in a problem-solving environment. We will cover the fundamental GIS concepts and the functionality available in ArcGIS using Earth-related datasets. The course is targeted towards specialists and scientists in mining, petroleum, geology, geophysics, engineering, surveying, project management, hydrology, or anyone directly or indirectly involved with analyzing the Earth. University students and instructors are welcome to attend. No previous ArcGIS experience is required for the course, but participants should be familiar with the operation of computers and the Internet. The class will emphasize hands-on, real-world exercises as examples. Topics on spatial datasets such as Digital Elevation Models and Digital Orthophotoquads, data quality, how to download and format data for GIS, hyperlinking photographs to maps and field data, joining tables, spatial and attribute queries, symbolizing maps, digitizing your own data, and a short field GPS collection activity will also be covered. The course will use ArcGIS for Desktop and ArcGIS Online from Esri. All participants will receive GIS-related CDs, brochures, and books from Esri. Joseph Kerski, Ph.D. serves on the Esri education team in Denver, Colorado. He focuses on curriculum development, professional development for educators and beyond, partnerships for the advancement of GIS in education and society, and research in the effectiveness and implementation of GIS in education. He also teaches at the University of Denver and in a number of online settings. Joseph joined Esri in 2006 after 17 years serving as geographer at the USGS and 4 years at the US Census Bureau. To find out more about your instructor or to ask any questions about the workshop, visit: http://www.josephkerski.com or contact him at jkerski@esri.com. Class Descriptions and Register Online: www.pttcrockies.org For more information, contact Mary Carr, 303.273.3107, mcarr@mines.edu
Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013
In the Pipeline February 1, 2013 PTTC Course. “Petrophysics of Unconventional Reservoirs.” Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.
February 22, 2013 PTTC Course. “GIS and GPS for Earth Scientists.” Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO. February 25-27, 2013 Hart DUG. Calgary, AB.
February 5-8, 2013 NAPE Winter Expo. Houston, TX.
February 26, 2013 RMS-SEPM Luncheon. Speaker: Gail Ashley. “Paleopedology and Paleohydrology of a Volcaniclastic Paleosol Interval: Implications for Early Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Paleoclimate Record,Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.”
February 6, 2013 RMAG Monthly Luncheon, AAPG Distinguished Lecturer. Speaker: Richard K. Stoneburner. “The Exploration, Appraisal and Development of Unconventional Reservoirs: A New Approach to Petroleum Geology.” rmag. org.
February 26-27, 2013 Denver SPE Continuing Education. “Project Decision-Making.”
February 8, 2013 DIPS Luncheon. Speaker: Kevin Corbett. “Utica Shale Exploration in the Lake Champlain Region of Southern Quebec.”
February 27, 2013 Oilfield Christian Fellowship Luncheon. To RSVP call Barb Burrell at 303-675-2602 or e-mail OCFDenverChapter@pxd.com.
February 12, 2013 RMS-AAPG Young Professionals Dine and Discuss. Speaker: Emily Wild of the USGS Libraray and Information Sources.
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If you have any events that you would like to post in this column, please submit via email to Holly Sell at hsell@ nobleenergyinc.com or to the RMAG office at staff@rmag. org for consideration.
February 12, 2013 Desk and Derrick Luncheon. For reservations, please contact RSVP@deskandderrick.org February 13, 2013 PTTC Course. “Petroleum Geostatistics.” Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO. February 14, 2013 DGS Luncheon. February 19, 2013 DWLS Luncheon. Speaker: Brian Stambaugh. “Two Decades of Modern NMR Logging: An Update on NMR Logging Tolls and Methods.”
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Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013
Luncheon Program – AAPG Distinguished Lecturer, February 6th
The Exploration, Appraisal and Development of Unconventional Reservoirs: A New Approach to Petroleum Geology By Richard K. Stoneburner
While the open hole logs are extremely important once the discovery is made to calibrate the reservoir, the most critical data around the validation of the quality of the reservoir is the detailed analysis of the rock acquired from whole core.
The discovery of commercial oil and gas production from shale, or mudstone, reservoirs has dramatically changed how we explore for and develop oil and gas accumulations. In conventional exploration, appraisal and development there is a fairly standard and accepted application of processes and technologies. However, the processes and technologies that are employed in the exploration, appraisal and development of mudstone reservoirs are significantly different, and they are often employed for different reasons and at different stages of the cycle. Prospect identification is always the initial phase of any exploration project. In most cases in the conventional world this is a result of the interpretation of seismic data, either 2D and/or 3D, in order to identify the areal extent of the prospect, which would typically be on the order of a few hundred acres or in some instances a few thousand acres. However, in the unconventional world the identification is done at a basin level and is not typically supported by seismic, but rather by detailed analysis of a few key wells and their associated petrophysical attributes. Once those attributes are deemed to have the potential of supporting a commercially productive mudstone reservoir, then the utilization of seismic might be employed to help define the boundaries of the reservoir. However, that would typically be the exception as the reservoir boundaries are generally defined by the configuration of the basin, which is generally fairly well understood and can encompass a million acres or more. Continued on page 26 Âť
Luncheon ReseRvat R Rvat Ions & InFoRmatIon Luncheon will be held at the Marriott City Center at California and 17th St. Please check the event listing in the lobby for the room. Check-in/walk-in registration begins at 11:30 a.m., lunch is served at 12:00 noon, and the talk begins at 12:20 p.m. The luncheon price is $30.00. To listen only to the talk, walk-in price is $10.00. If you make a reservation and do not attend the luncheon, you will be billed for the luncheon. Online registration closes at 5:00 p.m. on the Thursday before the luncheon. Cancellations are not guaranteed after that time.
Call 303-573-8621 email staff@rmag.org, or register online.
Your attendance is welcomed and encouraged. Bring a guest or new member! OUTCROP
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Luncheon Program Continued from page 25
As the prospect moves into appraisal and development mode, there are also unique processes and technologies in the unconventional world that are used to more fully understand the reservoir.
Vol. 62, No. 2
Once the prospect has been identified, the evaluation processes during the exploratory drilling phase are dramatically different. During conventional exploration the validation of the presence, or lack, of hydrocarbons is largely done by the acquisition and interpretation of data from open hole wire line logs. While cores, either whole or sidewall, will often be taken, they are typically acquired not to validate the productivity of the reservoir but rather to supplement the open hole log data. In unconventional exploration, the opposite is the case. While the open hole logs are extremely important once the discovery is made to calibrate the reservoir, the most critical data around the validation of the quality of the reservoir is the detailed analysis of the rock acquired from whole core. While some of the attributes that are measured from the mudstone core are common to conventional exploration, there are many more measurements that are taken on mudstone reservoirs that are totally unique to this type of reservoir. As the prospect moves into appraisal and development mode, there are also unique processes and technologies in the unconventional world that are used to more fully understand the reservoir. The most important of those is the calibration, through the use of specific algorithms, of the data acquired from the whole core data to the open hole data that is being acquired from the appraisal and development drilling. Because the cost and time necessary to acquire an extensive collection of whole core data can be prohibitive, there will be a limited number of wells from which whole core is taken in any given field. Therefore, it is critical to be able to calibrate the various measurements from the whole core to the open hole log data that will be available on many more wells. This is also the point during which 3D seismic would be acquired as opposed to the acquisition of that type of data during the identification process. In unconventional development, the primary benefit of the 3D seismic data is not to identify where you want to drill, but where you don't want to drill. Specifically, the horizontal lateral is placed to minimize the effect of faulting on the lateral. Throughout the entire period of field appraisal and development, the practice of geosteering is critical to the economic success of the field. Since virtually all of the unconventional development is done with the application of horizontal drilling, it is critically important that the drill bit maintains its position within the highest quality reservoir while the lateral is being drilled. Since the drilling operations are performed around the clock, and unexpected changes in dip or the presence of faults can cause the bit to rapidly change its relative stratigraphic position, a Gamma Ray tool is incorporated into the bottom hole drilling assembly in order to provide continuous measured depth Gamma Ray log data, which is then converted to a true vertical depth (TVD) log using software designed specifically for this process. This TVD log data is subsequently correlated with nearby well control to determine where the lateral is positioned stratigraphically at all times during the drilling operation. When the bit has been interpreted to be out of the desired stratigraphic section, or target window, it is the responsibility of the geosteerer to collaborate with the drilling organization to make the necessary changes to get the bit back into the target window.
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February 2013
Luncheon Program Biography – Richard K. stoneburner Richard Stoneburner is President North America Shale Production Division for BHP Billiton Petroleum. Prior to joining BHP Billiton, Dick was President and Chief Operating Officer for Petrohawk Energy Corporation and was responsible for all upstream operations. Dick’s earlier career positions include Vice PresidentExploration of 3TEC Energy Corporation until its merger with Plains Exploration & Production Company and
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working as a geologist for a number of Exploration and Producing companies including Hugoton Energy Corporation, Stoneburner Exploration, and Texas Oil and Gas. Dick has more than 35 years of experience in the energy business and a Bachelor of Science degree in Geological Sciences from The University of Texas at Austin and a Masters of Science degree in Geology from Wichita State University.
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For Independents and Small Companies
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February 2013
USGS Rocky Mountain Science Seminar (Lecture BuildingFederal 25, 10:30 am)10:30 a.m. Lecture Hall, BuildingHall, 25, Denver Center,
Date
Speaker
Title
1/8/13
Geoff Plumlee
Linking geology and health to help understand a deadly outbreak of childhood lead poisoning from artisanal gold mining, northwest Nigeria
1/15/13
Andy Manning
Potential links between climate change and water quality degredation in a mineralized watershed
1/22/13
Zach Sharp
Chlorine isotope geochemistry of Earth, Moon, and beyond
2/5/13
Becky Flowers
Epeirogeny of eustasy? Deciphering the rise and fall of continental interiors and implications for mantle dynamics
2/19/13
Kate Whidden
Distal Facies Variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in Northern Alaska
3/5/13
David John
Miocene volcanoes, hot springs, and gold deposits in the Bodie Hills, California and Nevada
3/26/13
Christian Teyssier
Oceanic and continental core complexes
4/9/13
Julie Roberge
Petrogenesis and metal budget of the Chichinautzin monogenetic field, Mexico: A melt inclusion study
Joe Colgan
Regional tectonic setting of Miocene extension and magmatism in the northern Great Basin
5/14/13
Dirk Wallschlaeger
Soluble arsenic-sulfur compounds in ambient waters - where geochemical knowledge gaps and analytical problems collide
5/28/13
Darius Semmons
Where's the value? New approaches to mapping the benefits we derive from nature
(USGS Denver)
(USGS Denver)
(U of New Mexico)
( U of Colrado)
(USGS Denver)
(USGS Menlo Park)
(U of Minnesota)
(Mexican Polytechnical Inst.)
4/23/13
(USGS Menlo Park)
(Trent University)
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(USGS Denver)
29
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RMAG 2013 SUMMIT SPONSORS DIAMOND LEVEL
PLATINUM LEVEL
GOLD LEVEL
SILVER LEVEL NORTH RANCH RESOURCES
BRONZE LEVEL ANSCHUTZ EXPLORATION CORP CAERUS OIL & GAS IHS GLOBAL INC PROLIFIC PETROLEUM STEPHENS ENERGY CORP TGS Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013
ALL
Outcrop Ads
Geologic Art Show
The editors invite the artists of RMAG to submit a picture of their geologic art (jpeg or tiff, 300 dpi or greater). Send along a caption with an explanation of the subject matter and media details, when created, and why. The best submissions will appear in a future issue in our “virtual art show.” cwhitney@ laramidegeo.com
are in Color at No Extra Charge! Adver tising doesn't go unnoticed, and by having your business card or larger ad in color, the impact is much greater to potential customers. Since there is no additional charge for color for our online publication, you can use full color for any ad without any additional charges. See page 3 of this issue for our ad rates and contact the RMAG office today for more details on how to submit your ad.
Take advantage of the transition we made from offering the printed Outcrop to now posting it on the web.
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Color DOES make an impact! Geologic Art Show
The editors invite the artists of RMAG to submit a picture of their geologic art (jpeg or tiff, 300 dpi or greater). Send along a caption with an explanation of the subject matter and media details, when created, and why. The best submissions will appear in a future issue in our “virtual art show.” cwhitney@ laramidegeo.com
Contact the RMAG office today for more information! RMAG Office: 303-573-8621
Fax: 303-628-0546 staff@rmag.org • www.rmag.org Executive Director Emily Tompkins etompkins@rmag.org
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Office & Programs Manager Carrie Veatch, MA cveatch@rmag.org
www.rmag.org
Call for abstracts/speakers for the RMAG 2013 SPRING SYMPOSIUM “MAKING MONEY WITH SCIENCE” Tuesday, April 23 at the Denver Marriott City Center RMAG is accepting additional Speakers to present case studies on: Using Science to Profitably Explore for or Develop Oil and Gas Fields Chris Wright – CEO of Liberty Resources will be Keynote Speaker Also presenting is Dick Leonard and Maynard Johnson reviewing case studies utilizing production logging, proppant and fluid tracers to optimize completion effectiveness Deadline for abstract submittal is February 22
staff@rmag.org RMAG 910 16th Street, Suite 1125 Denver, CO 80202 www.rmag.org
Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013
New Members
Welcome to new active members... David muselmann
John sommer
Jamie ogbe
carol vincelette
Landry Pavloff
emily Wagner
Gina Perez
Louis Wessel
John works for Unit Petroleum
David lives in Denver, Colorado
Carol works for Collarini Energy Staffing Inc.
Jamie lives in Denver, Colorado
Emily lives in Denver, Colorado
Landry works for Bill Barrett Corporation
Louis lives in Denver, Colorado
Gina works for John Perez Graphics & Design, LLC
Ian Whiteman
chesney Potter
Ian lives in Fort Collins, Colorado
melissa Woodske
Jaime Reindl
Melissa works for Samson Resources
Jaime works for Weatherford Laboratories
nancy Reppe
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Chesney lives in Golden, Colorado
DONOVAN BROTHERS INCORPORATED
Nancy lives in Golden, Colorado
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Raymond Rozs
Bill Donovan
Raymond lives in Boulder, Colorado
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780 E. Phillips Dr. S. • Littleton, CO 80122 (720) 351-7470 (voice) • (303) 794-7470 (message) donovan@petroleum-eng.com www.petroleum-eng.com
Lindell saurborn
Lindell works for Pure Earth Resources, Inc.
Jennifer sha
Jennifer works for AGEISS Inc.
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Valerie Sheffield
Valerie works for Noble Energy Inc.
(Professional Card Ad Size)
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Robert siegel
Robert lives in Denver, Colorado
Joe snodgrass
Joe lives in Denver, Colorado OUTCROP
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Advertisers Index AAPG..................................18, 24
Donze, Terry............................. 19
PTTC......................................... 22
Bowler Petrophysics............... 28
Discovery Group...................... 21
RPM Geologic, LLC..................17
Breckenridge Expl. Inc........... 27
Geosteering............................. 21
SPE, AAPG, SEG...................... 15
Canadian Discovery................ 28
Karo, James C......................... 28
Core Lab.....................................6
MJ Systems............................. 21
Vista GeoScience, David Seneshen...................... 23
Decollement Consulting, Inc. 19
Mazzullo Energy Corp............. 20
Vista GeoScience, John V. Fontana....................... 21
Dolan Integration Group............5
Noble Energy..............................5
Whitehead, Neil H., III............. 16
Donovan Brothers Inc............. 33
February 2013
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
1
3
8
4
5
RMAG Monthly 6 Luncheon, 7 AAPG
Distinguished Lecturer. Speaker: Richard K. Stoneburner
PTTC Course
DIPS Luncheon
SATURDAY
2
9
NAPE Winter Expo 5-8
10
11
AAPG Young 12 Professinals
Dine & Discuss
Desk & Derrick Luncheon
17
18
19
13
PTTC Course
20
14
25
21
RMS-SEPM Luncheon
16
22
23
PTTC Course
Denver SPE Continuing Education
26
15
VALENTINE'S DAY
DWLS Luncheon
24
DGS Luncheon
27 Oilfield
28
Christian Fellowship Luncheon
Hart DUG. Calgary, AB 25-27
Vol. 62, No. 2
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February 2013