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Name of Student: Robert Oliver Goacher Student Number: 13035834
Date Submitted:12.05.2016
Module Number and Name: Architectural Design 3 U30074 U30092 Title of Work: Design Portfolio, Comedy Pod and Električni Module Leader: Christina Godiksen (Circle as appropriate) THIS IS SUBMITTED AS:
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ROBERT GOACHER 13035834
DESIGN PORTFOLIO 2015/16
INTRODUCTION
UNIT D
My design projects this year are based in the city of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A place qith has a history of conflict and to this day has serious problems harming it’s economy and society. The projects i has designed hope to combat these problems and encourage resilience within the city.
Tutors: Peter Newton, Melissa Kinnear, Alex Towler, Celia Correia Macedo
1995AD
End of War
Croats Kill Serbs
1946AD 1945AD Sarajevo liberated
End of War
1990AD
Croatia leaves Yugoslavia
Bosnia and Herzegovina leaves Yugoslavia
Muslim Genocide by Serbs
NATO Bombing
1993AD 1992AD
Tension
2014AD Mass grvaes found
Yugoslavia formed Start pf WWI Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot in Sarajevo
Ottoman Bosnia
20k killed by plague Sarajevo burnt down by Hungary
Hungary Invade Croats Invade
Iranian Alans Slavs
Nazi Germany Invade Independent state of Croatia formed. Ustase kill 100k Serbs/Jews
Milošević gains control of Yugoslavia (4/8 votes)
Riots over Unemployment and Corruption
2000AD
Civil War Bosnian Serbs take most territory
1918AD 1914AD Austro-Hungarian Military rule
Swelling Jewish Population
Gypsies leave
Austro-Hungary treaty with Ottomans
Muslims Killed/leave
Serbs killed by Ustatse
Eastern Communism starts to collaspe
Slovenia and Croatia gain independence Slovenia leaves Yugoslavia Elections MIlošević espouses Serb nationalism
Jews
1989AD
1989AD
Muslims
1900AD 1883AD 1879AD 1865AD 1830AD
Military Dictatorship
France Surrounds Bosnia
War with Russia
First Serbian Uprising
1813AD 1804AD 1800AD
1800AD
13k Muslims
Religious Unrest War
1700AD 1600AD Ottomans Invade
Serbs Invade
Civil War Francs Invade Serbs Croats Avarans Asintic Huns
Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1995Breakup of Yugoslavia 1991Yugoslavia (Kingdom)1918-1941, (SFR)1945-1991 Independent State of Croatia 1941-1945 Austro-Hungary 1867-1918
1941AD Killed by Serbs nearly wiped out Start of WWII 1939AD
1400AD
Catholic
1200AD 1100AD
1000AD 900AD
800AD
Goths Invade
Avarans
300AD
Romans Invade
600AD Leave due to Croats Goths 500AD Leave due to Romans
100AD Illyrans Evidence of Christianity
Ottoman Empire 1400’s-1867
Scale 1year Scale 10years Scale 100years
1991AD
Time
This timeline indicates the tense history of Bosnia and Herzegovinam. The country has been home to many ethnicities and religions throughout history, iterating that current conflicts reflect the past.
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINATIMELINE
The climate has often been tense, but the 1992-6 war was the most tense period during Bosnian history. An explanation of the trial and turmoil of Bosnia’s history.
CONCLUSION
COUNTRY ANALYSIS
N
Sarajevo
COUNTRY ANALYSIS WAR AND SEIGE
CoNFLICT MAPPING
CoNFLICT MAPPING
BOSNIAN WAR 1992
BOSNIAN WAR 1994/5
After Yugoslavia broke up, war erupted after Serb Nationalists refused to accept Bosnia’s declaration of indpendence fearing Bosniak dominance. Serb forces attempted to forge a greater Serbia by ethnically cleansing Serb majority areas of Bosnia.
This conflict map indicates how the different power networks and conflicts manifested in the first few days of war.
The war was vicous, several war crimes and massacres occured.
It highlights the complexity of the conflict.
Sarajevo (Bosnian Capital) itself was underseige by Bosniak Serb forces for 1425 days (the longest ever modern day seige) from April 1992 to February 1996. Atillery bombarded the city, residential and military instalaltions, including massacres at markets (i.e. Markale marketplace massacre, when 68 people died), over 13,952 people died (including 5,500 civilians) and over 200,000 people displaced form the city. A tunnel was established to move goods and people from Sarajevo to the surrounding countryside, this tunnel was one of the only ways for Sarajevans to survive, As were UN food drops, which without water, energy and much food, Sarajevans found it difficult to survivve. Snipers shot civilians from the hillside with large fabric curtains shielding some streets but indiscriminate shooting meant most streets were empty. Bosnian Culture also came under attack with the National Library destroyed and over 1.5 million books (155,000 rare) burn. Serb forces wanted to destroy Bosnian culture as well as Bosnian lives.
The conflict presents primarily as a three way conflict between Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats, with several international players and alliances.
Serb Republic in Western Croatia. Alleged Discrimination against Serbs by Croats, heightened by Serb Propaganda, which stated that the Croats wanted to commit genocide against the Serbs.. Wanted to remain in Yugoslavia. Leaders: Milan Babic/ Martin Martic.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
Led by Franjo Tudman, Nationalist Croat President. Wanted Independent Croatia. Worried about RSK (Wanted all of Croatia’s Territory, and involvement of JNA against them. Protect Croats in BiH and Avoid Croats being removed by Serbs, in BiH and RSK.
USA
As the war progressed the complexity continued, the Bosniaks and Croats found peace, but the overall war intensified with massacres occuring, until peace was achieved with the Dayton Accords in late 2015.
Many though that if Croatia could leave Yugoslavia, Serb areas could leave Croatia.
Mediator between Croats and Bosniaks. Resulting in Ceasefire and Washington Accords 23/2/94. CRH-B and RBiH formed Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed of 10 cantons,w/ some ethnically defined. AP Western Bosnia
FR Yugoslavia (Serbia) SFR Yugoslavia (Serbia)
Recognised independence of BiH and Croatia. Tryed to Broker Peace unsuccessfully. Republic of Serbian Krajina
Republic of Serbian Krajina Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA)
Paramilitaries
Over RSK
Republika Srpska (BiH-Serbs) Some talks of Dividing BiH between Serbs and Croats. Republic of Croatia RS Army May have wanted to Secede from BiH, Unite w/Croatia. Led Mate Boban, Dario Kordic... ‘Croatise’ parts of BiH. Remove Bosniak Leaders. Independent BiH better than it being part of Yugoslavia.
Croat Army
SERBS
BOSNIAKS AND CROATS
JNA armed/funded/trained RS Army, as JNA memebers/arms in BiH simply joined RS Army after JNA left BiH.
RS Army
Milosevic-Serbian Nationalist wanted Greater Serbia, he was in charge of remanants of SFR Yugoslavia.
Republic of Croatia
Tryed to gain large swatches of Bosnia, Evict Bosniaks from Serb (or even not serb areas).
Initial Alliance against Serbs,
Army of BiH
Serbs didnt want independence for BiH, they had referendum, large majority wanted to remain in Yugoslavia.
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Worried about the Croat’s Power/them seceeding and Bosniak Rights.
BOSNIAKS
Radicalised, Bosniak Interests, BiH voted for Independence in Referendum. Internationally recognised. Alija Izetbegovic is President. Feel as though they are victims of discrimination and ethnic cleansing.
Shot down 4 Serb Jets (28/2/1994) whilst enforcing no-fly zone. Protect Aid convoys/Safe areas/ Airspace. 14/4/1994 British Sea Harrier shot down by Serbs. Operation Deliberate Force to bomb Serb Positions.
Gain Arms after embargo Lifted.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
After Dayton Peace Deal, 80,000 NATO Peacekeepers.
NATO
Showed Concern, policed UN’s arms embargo and no-fly zone.
ARAB WORLD
Provided some funding and Fighters (Bosnian Mujahideen, within Bosnian Army), whom tried to cement sharia law and massacred christians. Bad relationship w/BiH command.
UN PROFOR
Bosniaks deported from Serb Areas. BiH gains land w/ help of NATO. Lots of Bosniak Refugees. Hundreds of Thoushands displaced. Bosniaks targeted by Serbs in Markale, Sebrenica and other Massacres. UN Failed to Intervene.
Few arms due to the Embargo. Did recieve funding from Arabs.
UN, concerned but ineffective, passed several resolutions. UN Peace Keeping Force (UNPF) ineffective and captured, Aid didn’t get through. Activated Arms Embargo and No Fly Zone, though the Bosniaks had few weapons. UN set yup Safe heavens policed by NATO in 1993.
Croatia takes 500k+ refugees. Croatia refuses some refugees. Croat-Bosniak Forces retake RSK.
NATO
Karadzic-Union or Incorporate RS with/in Yugoslavia/Serbia.
(Mostly Bosniaks)
UNITED NATIONS
Croatian Defence Council (HVO)
Did they commit war crimes/ ethnic cleansing?
but then..
Tensions and conflicts remain to this day due to the divisions the war caused.
Army of FBiH
Karadzic (RS President) stated on 12//1992 that there Six Strategic Objectives of RS: 1.Establish State Borders seperating Serbs,Croats and Bosniaks. 2.Set up Corridor between Semberijat and Krajina. 3.Establish corridor in Drina River Valley, eliminate Drina as border. 4.Establish a border on Una and Neretva rivers. 5.Divide Sarajevo into Serb/Bosniak Parts. 6.Ensure access to the Sea for RS.
Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosnia
The war came to an end in 1996, after NATO intervention, and the deaths of 100,000 people.
SERBS
Republika Srpska (BiH-Serbs)
Croat Army
Croatian Defence Council (HVO)
Serb Army
Paramilitaries
CROATS
Some wanted a Greater Croatia (divide up BiH)
Serbs commit massacres/ethnic cleansing in RS. Forced Deportation of Non-Serbs. Attack UN ‘Safe Areas’ and Refugee camps. Lose territory to FBiH (w/NATO help)and lose RSK to Croatia.
UNITED NATIONS
United Nations. Provide Aid/Shelter for Refugees in ‘Safe areas’. Protected by UN PROFOR/NATO. Lifted Arms Embargo against Bosnia. Failed to stop Serb Massacres at Markale, Sebrenica....
UN Protection Force. Peace Keepers, Protect Refugees.
Attacked by Serbs, 150 UN Personnel taken hostage. Involved with Operation Deliberate Force, used atillery to shell Serbs. Led by NATO.
CONCLUSION
The war in Bosnia exploded tensions in a wider yugoslavian context. The war forged many of the social problems seen today. The Bosniak and Croat sides came together in 1994, to overcome the Serb forces with Nato help. Key
Parties involved Size relative to Power
Close Relationship Allliance Direction of Influence Conflict Broken Connections Issues
COUNTRY ANALYSIS
CoNFLICT MAPPING
BOsNIA TODAY CONFLICT, POLITICS and economy POLITICS AND POWER
In December 1995, the Bosnian war came to an end, with the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina signed at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio, therefore the agreement is known as the Dayton Accords.
BOSNIA TODAY Bosnia today contains many conflicts, from problems with ethnic tensions and nepotism, to ISIS and corruption.
14/12/1995
USA
It was signed by the Bosniak Bosnian regime and by Serbia and Croatia.
TENSIONS
Some radicalised Bosniaks,(following in the footsteps of the Bosnian Mujahideen) joining fundamentalist groups like ISIS. ISIS is at war with many country including most of Europe and the US.
ISIS
It set out a new government framework.
ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM
It set up 2 autonomous entities, one with power still resting with the Bosnian Serbs and one shared between the Bosniaks and Serbs.
NATO
Three Member Presidency
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Central Government
Ethnically Defined
Problems
It created the OHR (Office of High Representative) for the implementation of the accords.
UNACCOUNTABLE N
OHR and international players unaccountable to Bosnians.
Corruption, Organised Crime, Nepotism, Kleptocracy, Overpaid Arrogant Politicans who claim loads of expenses.
DISCONTENT Brčko District Mixed
Serbs wanted more Autonomy. Bosniaks wanted more justice for Serb massacres. Croats lacked entity.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Government Political Elite
RS Seperatism. BiH Appeasing Dodik.
Recession, High Unemployment, Bureaucracy, Decentralised Power, no guiding policy.
PIC Peace Implementation Council. Oversees OHR. 55 countries and organisations together to implement Dayton Peace Accords.
OHR
Dayton Accords
Office of the High Representative. Powerful on Paper, with ability to fire civil servants and pass laws for BiH. But genreally ineffective and been replaced largely by EU. Needs to go for BiH to join EU/NATO. Accountable only to PIC.
EU EUSR
Republika Srpska Government
REPUBLIKA SRPSKA Entity in BiH.
EUFOR
Peacekeeping Force. replaced NATO, ready to act incase ethnic violence erupts.
The state has been ruled Illegal by the ECHR, due to ethnic defined nature as leaves non Bosniak, Croat or Serb people illegible for election. Republika Srpska
The 2 entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniak and Croat Majority
Croats (DF,HDZ BiH, HDZ 1990)
Serbs in FBiH or Bosniaks and Croats in RS, often don’t have political power, can’t often vote for their own ethnic parties, or outvoted by other ethnicities. Sarajevo
Political Parties Ethicity defined parties are dominant Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Seats
Republika Srpska Seats
Key
PDP
HDZ 1990
Serb
SDS
DNS
SDP BPS A-SDA
SBB BiH HDZ BiH
Croat Bosniak
SNSD
DF
SDA
Bosniaks (SDA,SDP,SBB BiH,BPS)
Cantonal Governments
UNFAIR
Serb Majority
Radius linked to number of seats in Bosnian Parliament.
The Bosnian Economy The economy of Bosnia has serious problems. It features a high level of corruption, through large monopolies (descending from communist economic programs) and corrupt business practices, stopping competition and innovation. Therefore the economy is highly manipulated by a few individuals, often politicans i.e. Fahrudin Radončić (right), who owns the largest newspaper (Dnevni avaz) and is president of the SBB BiH party. Bosnia also has high unemployment, at over 40% with alot of informal employment occcuring. Bosnia features a brain drain, due to the economic conditions, innovaters and professionals are moving away in significant numbers to less corrupt, more developed european nations.
Has a role in the international oversight of BiH. BiH wants to Join. EU set out criteria for Joining uincluding tackling alot of internal problems and implementing many reforms.
European Union Special Representative, helps Bosnian Government.
EU/OHR scared of Milorad Dodik (RS President)that if they try to centralise/clean up BiH Government, he’ll insight secession, and possibly war.
ILLEGAL Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Aid to Bosnia is slowing down, and a large portion of the aid it has recieved had been seized by Politicans or lost via corruption and spent on symbolic projects, i.e. Mostar bridge and not on more important services.
No longer that involved, agrees with EU mostly, more supportive of OHR staying though.
ECHR
1 Croat, 1 Serb, 1 Bosniak. Is it fair to others?, is the Ethnic not Policy defined politics Good-Left over from Dayton, Blame game. Ethnic Veto in Parliament, stops change/Progress.
Jihadism
Ruled against BiH in SejdicFinci Case,ethnically difined state was discrimatory against non-serbs, noncroast and non-Bosniaks Not actively involved since as they can’t achieve high replaced by EUFOR. BiH may office. join eventually when reforms happen.
Parliament
It formed a 3 member presidency along ethnic lines, and enshrined ethnic constituencies within the parliamentary system
SDA
THE WORLD
The War against terror/ISIS in Iraq and Syria.
Serbs
Distrust between ethnicities
Political Elite (SNSD,SDS, PDP,DNS)
Croats worried about Bosniak dominance in FBiH. Some want own entity.
FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Still pockets of Serb Nationalism, but genreally more pro-western/ european. Corruption, Organised Crime, Nepotism, Kleptocracy, Overpaid Arrogant Politicans who claim loads of expenses.
Entity in BiH.
Serbia Republic of Croatia
Croatia still interested in rights of Croats, now a member of EU and NATO, if war was to occur again then Croatia could force NATO to work on it’s side from the start.
Brain Drain. Young Professionals from all ethnicities are leaving Bosnia to find work, due to high unemployment and the bureaucratic/corrupt civil service.
CONCLUSION
To the World To the World
Key
Parties involved Size relative to Power
The Bosnia of today is a unfunctional one, politically and economically. The political system fosters an atmosphere of corruption and unaccountability. It is undemocratic and doesn’t provide an opportunity for change, with the elite never changing.
Close Relationship
The economy is unfunctional too, Corrupt politicians have allowed monopolies to be formed (from communist companies), decreasing the ability for economic resilience and innovation. Leading to the brain drain and increased unemployment.
Conflict
Allliance Direction of Influence
Broken Connections Issues
Country Analysis BOSNIAN DEMOGRAPHY
Population 2011 =100,000 people
43% 60%
unemployment
Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3.8 million
Sarajevo Population: 438,443
These diagrams show that Sarajevo is a Mid-large size city with a middle aged population .
16%
Bosnia is dominated by religion, with Islam as the largest religion, followed by Orthodox christinaity and then Catholicism, even though only 4% of people aren’t muslim or christian, few are overtly religiousd, i.e. 55% of muslims are non-denominational.
438,757
2011
401,118
2002
527,049
1991
359,448
1971
115,000
1945
78,173
1931
66,317
1921
51,919
1910
100,000
1660
60,000
1626
Bosnia has a high level of unemployment, informal economy is common.
Historical Population =50,000 people
4%
4%
15%
The historical population of Sarajevo was steady at 50-100,000 until the late 1930’s then after the second world war it rapidly increased to a height of 527,000, This only dropped by 100,000 during the war until 2000. It has since ground to 438,000.
70%
48.7%
youth unemployment
Population Age Structure 16% <14 years old 70% 15-64 years old 14% >65 years old
14%
51.3%
17%
15%
Religion 2012 Muslim 45% -Sunni 38% -Nondenominational 55% -Not Specified 7%
More women than men exist in Bonsia, possibly a legacy of the War.
48%
25%
Bosniaks form 48% of the population, Serbs 33% and Croats 15%, with others consituting 4%. The Serbs are located to the east and north of country with the Bosniaks in the centre and west and the Croats mainly in Herzegovina on the south coast of Bosnia. Sarajevo lies in the Bosniak arrea, with Serbs nearby.
33%
Orthodox Christian 36%
36%
Ethnicities 2013 48% Bosniaks 33% Serbs 15% Croats 4% Other
3% Roman Catholic 15% Other 4%
3 LANGUAGES
CONCLUSION
Ethnic Composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2012
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, all members of the Serbo-Croat language group, very similar.
N
The City of Sarajevo makes up a significant part of Bosnia’s population, meaning that it is a significant mirror of the social problems of Bosnia. The population is many middle ages with significant young and old populations, The young population is decreasing due to the Brain Drain. The city’s population grew significantly after the WWII, before decreasing during the war, it is now increasing, leading to a growing popualtion and number of problems needing combatting.
Key
Croat >66% 50-65% Bosniak >66% 50-65% <50%
Bosnian War
Serb >66% 50-65% <50% Sarajevo
Unemployment is high, creating many conflicts. Bosnia has 3 languages, which can be used to divide to as they are siilar also to unify. Bosnia is a mix of religions, 45% muslim, 36% Orthodox christian and 15% Catholic, further allowing for divisions but also a rich multicultural society. Bosnia has a few more women than men, reflecting the men lost in the war. Bosnia contains 3 major ethnicities, Croat, Bosniak and Serb, Sarajevo sits within an area with a Bosniak majority, near a Serb majority area.
N
LOCATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Europe SARAJEVO
Location Bosnia is located in Europe. and divided into 2 entities, One of which, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains 10 cantons, Sarajevo Canton is located at the Federation’s eastern edge. The canton contain 9 muncipalities. Key
Sarajevo
1 Project 1 Site 2 Project 2 Site
1
2
Brčko District Mixed Administration
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Republika Srpska Bosniak and Croat Majority Serb Majority The 2 entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.
9. 1.
7.
5. 6.
3. The 10 Cantons in the Federation
2. 8. Sarajevo Canton 9 Muncipalities 1.Centar 2.Hadžići 3.Ilidža 4.Ilijaš 5.Novi Grad 6.Novo Sarajevo 7.Stari Grad 8.Trnovo 9.Vogošća
CONCLUSION Sarajevo is in an important position, sitting, sitting within Europe, accessible to modern society. The city sits in a number of muncipalities, leading to bad and uncontrolled governance. It sits on the boundary of the entities and centre of the nation.
N
CITYAnalysis KEY AREAS
(l-r) Ottoman Mosque, Austro Hungarian City, Marshal Tito Street, Olympic tower, graveyards with Zetra building infront, Old town (Baščaršija) , Baščaršija Mosque.
Before I went to Sarajevo, I quickly outlined the major features of the city as I saw them. I noticed the decreasing density/ age of the city as it progresses down the valley, Its linked by a major west-east axis, graveyards and greener saces to the suburbs. Key
Major roads
SUBURBIA ES AC GREEN SP EYARDS V A R G D N A
MAJOR T WEST-EAS AXIS
Army Base Newer Development Airport Miljacka River Olympic Park Area Graveyards Old City
1 2
Railways
1
2
Project 1 Site Project 2 Site
CONCLUSION
Sarajevo acts as a funnel of activity, population and density, creatinf a west-east axis of roads and development. Green Spaces and graveyards are concentrated to the suburbs of the city, The old city is to the east, whilst newer development heads towards to west. The river highlights the west-east axis.
(l-r) airport, (newer area) US embassy, Sarajevo City centre shopping centre, Parliament building, Papagajka building, old town (Baščaršija)
SUBURBIA ES AC GREEN SP EYARDS AND GRAV
ING AGE DECREAS & DENSITY
N
CITY Analysis ETHNIC COMPOSITION Religion permeates the city Religion is central to ethnicity, with Bosniaks being Muslims, Croats, Catholic and Serbs Orthodox Christian. (l-r) Saint Joseph’s Catholiic Church (Marshal Tito Street), Orthodox Church (St Marks Cemetery), Ali Pasha’s Mosque (Marshal Tito Street).
Whilst in Sarajevo, determining a person’s ethnicity was very difficult, and most people we talked to seemed to want to be inclusive of all and had friends of other ethnicities. Ethnic composition of Sarajevo Muncipalities, 1991 Key
3% 2%
Bosniak
16%
21%
7%
Yugoslav Other
78%
Serb Croat
1
Project 1 Site
2
Project 2 Site
CONCLUSION
The map shows that Bosniaks are concentrated to the old and inner city and other ethncitiies to the suburbs. Even though the politics of Bosnia are so divisive, People co-exist and friendships and relationships are maintained between ethnicities.
7%
4%
50%
28%
Novo Sarajevo
Novi Grad 11%
35%
1 36%
10%
Stari Grad
2
Centar 7%
51%
6% 5%
16%
9%
Sarajevo
50%
26%
Croat 13% 7%4%Other Yugoslav
Serb Bosniak Mixed Cemetery The Lion Cemetery features a mix of muslim and Christian graves, a rare sight.
N
CITY Analysis CITY EXPLORATION The City is diverse and unique (l-r) Marshal Tito Street, Sarajevo City Centre, Ali Pashaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mosque, Marshal Tito Street, Zetra Hall, Catholic Cathedral, Socialist Housing, National Museum, Park, Bridge, View across river.
Location of area,
2
1
Whilst in the city, I documented the area around the site, with the use, height, ages and activity around the site. As a group we brought all the information we gathered in our investigations and brought it together into a sketchy map of the surrounding area. Whilst in Sarajevo we interacted with many people, from University students to architects and locals. They provided valuable insight into the life and atmosphere of the city.
CONCLUSION
The city is a fascinating collection of people who have shaped a busy interesting area, surrounded by parks, the river and cultural and commercial buildings, the block to the north of the site is dense and well used, whereas the south and riverside are less populated and ruined/wasteland. BuyBook Buybook in the city centre is on of the first publishers of Bosnian language books. It provides a creative reading centre within its store, becoming a centre of bosnian writing and authors.
International University of Sarajevo We visited this private university, and met several students, giving us an insight into Bosnian attitudes and society. The university is mostly populated by richer students, as benefits from patronages, incorporated in the corrupt political language of Bosnia. The university sits departed from the city and is hard to reach, particularly by public transport. The university is one of 6 in Sarajevo, providing young professionals from the workforce. ! !
!
The Kriterion attracts people aged 16-75 (school kids and students mainly). The old red cinema didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work so was reconstructed after the war. A bar was added, the ceiling was raised and the new glass entrance is open and inviting. People of Sarajevo generally have a low regard for art and are not willing to pay for it. The Kriterion uses the income from the bar to subsidise their
Kriterion Kriterion is a community cinema and event space, in a former cinema. It offers free events, funded by other events and a bar. It provides an interesting porecedent for community spaces.
CITY Analysis CITY ENVIRONMENT wind NNW
N
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
E
GOVERNMENT TOWER 90m
WSW
ESE SE
SW SSW
S
SSE
Wind map Prevailing wind travelling west-east, along the Saravejo valley.
1 2
Wind Direction This diagram highlight the direction of the wind throughout the year. We can see that most of the wind travels west-north west to south east, up the valley.
Key Wind statistics The wind can get quite windy through the year,, it’s quite similar all year, with very cold air temperatures in the winter and consistent wind directions (to the South East) except in November when it faces North West). . During the time when the pod is open, the wind is fairly low and unimpactful on the pod.
Dominant Wind Direction Wind probability
>= 4 Beaufort (%)
Average Wind Speed (kts) Average Air
Temp (OC)
Month
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
1
Project 1 Site
2
Project 2 Site
Project 1, Comedy Pod Wind prevails from the west down the valley, the site is sheltered by the 90m Government Tower meaning wind is no longer a significant factor.
Prevailing wind
5
6
6
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
7
5 CONCLUSION
3
4
4
2
3
9
Jan
Feb
Mar
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
13 17 21 25 25 19 13 Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
4
3
9
2
Nov
The prevailing wind runs along the valley, west to east, therefore my projects must be able to cope with wind and not be open to the west. The wind isn’t that powerful, and common, with it increasing in the summer.
Dec
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Project 2, Električni Social Entrepreneur Centre Wind prevails from the west down the valley, the thick western wall, with few openings, only windows, defines the wind up over the centre.
Key
Comedy Pod
CITY Analysis ENVIRONMENT
N The city sits in a valley as seen on the map below left) surrounded by forested mountains of the Dinaric Alps, the city might be under shadow and pollution might be trapped within the valley.
Pollution Trapped
Shadows
Topographic Map 518m
Key
574m
Sarajevo Valley
660m
Koše vs k m trea iS
PH
7.5 KH 180
GH 180
Neutral
Nitrite 0
746m Sarajevo
918m 1004m
Koše vs k
Milja ck a
7.5 KH 180
Nitrite 0.5
Neutral
GH 180
KH 120
GH 120
Nitrate 20
Nitrite 0
1090m 1176m 1262m 1348m
Nitrate 0
1435m
Milja ck a
7.5 Neutral
Sarajevo
KH 120
GH 120
Miljacka
Nitrate 20
ver Ri
PH Bosna Sava Danube Black Sea
The Project 2 site sits next to the river Miljacka, which is relatively unpolluted, as is the Kosevski Stream nearby, as seen in these diagrams.
m trea iS
Neutral
PH
ver Ri
7.5
832m
Dinaric Alps
Nitrate 0
PH
1521m
Miljacka goes through Sarajevo, towards the Danube.
1607m
Jahorina
Nitrite 0.5
1693m Sarajevo is 518m above Sea Level
Sarajevo
518m
1779m
1
Project 1 Site
2
Project 2 Site
CONCLUSION
The city sits in a valley, the mountains surrounding are very tall and therefor polluitioon might become trapped, the projects must react the this pollution.
Adriatic
TreskavicaTreskavica Treskavica2088m 2088m 2088m
Jahorina
1 2
Forested
Jahorina 1913m 1913m Jahorina 1913m
Bjelašnica Bjelašnica Bjelašnica2067m 2067m 2067m
The Miljacka river which flows through the city is a small shallow river which joins other major rivers, it’s relatively unppolluted.
Tall mountains surround Sarajevo including the ones here, a number were used for the 1984 winter olympics.
Trebevic Trebevic 1627m Trebevic1627m 1627m
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Project 1, Comedy Pod Sarajevo is in a valley, trapping pollution, The ability to close the pod up, allows it to escape periods of intense pollution.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Project 2, Električni Social Entrepreneur Centre The RIver Miljacka is an important part of the landscape, flowing through the valley, linking nations together. The unpolluted river can be incorporated into the design, by overhanging cantilevers/ platforms and seats to take benefit from this open fresh space.
Temperature The temperature is mildly warm during the summer months. But not significantly warm, and necessary for Air conditioning. (Comedy Pod) The Temperature is also not particularly cold in the winter averaging at 0OC.
CITY Analysis ENVIRONMENT
Precipitation The precipitation is fairly consistent during the year at around 70-100mm with slight drops in February and mid summer.
Humidity The humidity is moderate between 80-90% (AM) and 45-75% (PM) during the year decreasing during the summer, the humidity is not high enough to have to be combatted except with ventilation systems.
AM PM
30OC Temperature (OC) 300 Precipitation(mm)
100%
Relative Humidity
Average Rainfall 150mm
90%
25OC 250 125mm
20OC 200
80% 100mm
15OC 150
70% 75mm
10OC 100
60% 50mm
5OC 50
50%
0
25mm 40%
-5 C O
January
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
October
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Average High Temperature
Average Low Temperature
TEMPERATE CLIMATE
May
Jun
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Daily Mean Temperature
Precipitation
Apr
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT Project 1, Comedy Pod For the 3 months, the Comedy Pod is in Bosnia, the temperature is comfortable, with consistently low-mid rainfall.
Windows for ventilation/cool down
Jul
Oct
Project 1, Comedy Pod For the 3 months, the Comedy Pod is in Bosnia, the rainfall is moderate.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
VENTILATION
Sep
Nov
Dec
Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
See Environmental Strategy Pages for more Information.
May
Jun
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
the sloping roof, footing and cladding, combat any rainfall issues.
Project 2, Električni Social Entrepreneur Centre The moderate rainfall throughout the year is combatted by many systems including tilted roofs and waterproof membranes.
Insulation for Warmth
Aug
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Project 1, Comedy Pod For the 3 months, the Comedy Pod is in Bosnia, the the humidity nis not a major issue, the ventilation strategy (as previously described is suffcient.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Project 2, Električni Social Entrepreneur Centre The moderate humidity throughout the year is combatted by ventilation strategy. See Environmental Strategy Pages for more Information.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT Project 2, Električni Social Entrepreneur Centre The changing temperature throughout the year, requires the building to be able to react to the warmth and cold. The opening of the atrium doors, earth tubes and the large windows allows for the building to be cooled during the warmer months of the summer. The thick walls and insulation of the cores provide thermal mass and warmth during the winter, the smaller doors in the atrium doors, allow for less opening and loss of heat from the building. See Environmental Strategy Pages for more Information.
Windows for ventilation/cool down
Insulation for Warmth
VENTILATION earth tubes
Key
Feb
CONCLUSION
The temperature in Sarajevo changes during the year, from fairly warm (25+OC) in the summer to fairly cold (-0OC) in the winter, this therefore, requires the projects to be able to react to all temperatures, be open to the city and closed to it. Precipitation/Rainfall is consistent, therefore the projects must respond to rainfall, but not necessarily cope with really heavy rainfall, like monsoons.
PROject one COMEDY POD
PROGRAMME
C
REASONING AND OVERVIEW
O
123
UPT R R
1
2 As highlighted previously, Bosnia has many problems. The new government structure set out by the Dayton Accords set up a complicated government structure, with 2 entities, divided by Serbian and Bosnian/Croat Ethnicities. This sharing leads to a 3 man presidency and a stagnant corrupt, large government with ethnicially defiend constituencies. This has formed many problems including.
UNACCOUNTABLE
OHR and international players unaccountable to Bosnians.
Comedy Nights Using the provocations as a catalyst to start the show, the comedians will do a show focused on a certain issue, using comedy to discuss it.
Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina is often not defined by or deals with policy but Ethnicity instead. This is due to the Dayton accords and the system it introduced and therefore the same old Politicans and Parties hold power.
3
My proposal is to initate a discussion based on policy not ethnicity. And then to project this discussion and the outcome of this discussion into the wider Sarajevo and Bosnia. I shall initate the dicussion by political comedy, by working with Bosnian comedians to create weekly programmes of provocation, comedy nights and installations to highlight topics, i.e. corruption and nepotism.
DISCONTENT ILLEGAL
The state has been ruled Illegal by the ECHR due to ethnic defined nature as leaves non Bosniak, Croat or Serb people illegible for election.
POLITICAL DISCUSSION THROUGH COMEDY
UNFAIR
Serbs in FBiH or Bosniaks and Croats in RS, often donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have political power, canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t often vote for their own ethnic parties, or outvoted by other ethnicities.
I will use a programme of comedy events, provocations and installations to form a political discussion to help combat the corruption, nepotism and unaccountability of Bosnian politics.
With the comedian i will provoke the public and film it to use as a catalyst on the comedy nights and for the future installations.
A theatre space is required
Serbs wanted more Autonomy. Bosniaks wanted more justice for Serb massacres. Croats lacked entity.
CONCLUSION
Provocation
SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS
The pod requires a theahre/event space and a preparation space.
Installation Projection onto Parliament with quote. Carry on with provocation with audience members from comedy show.
PROGRAMME COMIC INSPIRATION The programme is inspired by a number of precedents. they include;
Precedent Mark Thomas Comedian 1963Mark Thomas’ ‘The Manifesto’ acquired the audience to suggest policies and then for one policy to be voted for at the end of the show.
One comedian a week Each comedian will come up with their own programme for a week, It will focus on a certain issue of there chosing, with consultation, so there are no overlaps, for example; unemployment or Europe. The comedian will conduct the show and also organise the provocation or scouting and decide how invasive it will be, they will then use this as a catalyst for there show. The installation after is also up to the comedian with some being major some minor and sometimes only the projection. Comedians;(l-r) Zenit Đozić (with Top Lista Nadrealista), Pedja Bajović, Omer Hodzic, Mark Puljiz, Dino Catovic , Jasmin Džemiđić, Navid Bulbulija, Philip Andronicus. Comedians like these Bosnian ones, will help build a framwork. Precedent The Revolution will be televised. (2012-, BBC 3) A TV show which does politically themed sketched and comic protests/installations. For example, placing a tax avoidance themed fashion line in Topshop, which is acussed of Tax avoidance/
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Comedians such as Mark Thomas and The Revolution will be televised, give ideas, for the 123 programme, Provocate (Revolution will be televised), Comedy Nights (Bosnian Comedians) and Installation (Revolution will be televised).
PROGRAMME
Wednesday
SCHEDULE
fee on
cof
ati ho w fo rs
Ad ve rti se
Ni gh
t/P r
ov
oc
an com edi
for
e
Fr
Pr
ep
Me et
e
im et
Key
Programme Overview 21st June-21st September
Preparation
Organise and Advertise
June
Freetime/shopping
July 1
T 21 21
day urs Th
for
Sho p
Each week, the programme will run on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, the rest of the time is freetime.
8pm ulaznica online na www.podkomedija.ba
Wakeup/shower /breakfast/Eat
Comedy Night Poster
Sleep
Installation
Comedy Night
Meet with Comedian Provoke/Scout for Reactions Activity Schedule
for S
Com
edy
dc
Key
how
Sho
w
Active Days (<)
Free Time
as
t
op Sh
tion talla
r Ins
p fo
Pre
tion
Social
n/Projec
Installatio
Po
August 1
Prep
12am 21
1
September
F r id a y
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, The programme features activities on three days, wednesday,thursday and friday, containing time to prepare, advertise, provocate, install, have the comedy night and start to change Bosnian politics. Free Time
PROGRAMME EVERYDAY ROUTINE 4/7 days of the week are freetime, to live in Bosnia and explore the nation. My daily routine during the freetime days is as follows.
Eating Buy food from the supermarket in the Sarajevo City Center and use a stove to cook meals.
Showering Use Gym in Alta Shopping Centre. WC, use the wc in the Sarajevo City Center Shopping centre.
Wake up Across to the Alta Shopping centre for a shower at the gym.
Shopping at Sarajevo City Centre
To the pod for Breakfast
Freetime, read, sketch, travel and watch films etc. visit cultural locations.
Lunch
Find local laundrette for laundry
Sleeping My pod will accomodate a bed.
Electric
FLEXIBLE FREEDOM Dinner
Electric will be â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;borrowedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; from nearby buildings. An Interpreter comes along when needed
Freetime fun!! Freetime Beer, culture,travel? have a good time, explore Sarajevo and Bosnia and visit cultural attractions in the area.
Time for Sleep
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, The daily routine provides flexible freedom. Food, hygiene, sleep and activities are easily accomodated to.
SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS
The pod requires, a sleeping area, a eating area and a freetime area.
Site Analysis SITE LOCATION
N
N N
Sarajevo
Sarajevo Centar
Site Due to my programme containing the projection onto parliament and the political themes around it. I chose to site my pod, next to the parliament in trg republike (republic square).
Site ANALYSIS First impressions Here is a view of the site with, a section outlining my first impressions of the site.
Key
(l-r), Parliament Tower, Holiday Inn, Sarajevo City Centre Shopping Centre.
Area pod could be located. Sarajevo City Center,Shopping centre, Toilet and Konzum Supermarket located here.
N
The site sits next to the Parliament buildings, relating to politics, and creating a political zone. The shopping centre across the square provides places to eat, shop and wash to help me live, whilst in Sarajevo.
Bosnian Parliament/Government Buildings. Projection could be projected onto the Tower
SITE THE MEETING
NEWER SARAJEVO SUBURBIA SIte Location Collage CONCLUSION The site is set in the centre of the city between the The site is at a crossroads of old and new newer socialist Sarajevo and the old city. Sarajevo. It sits near a ;arge shopping centre to provide for the pod and near the political institutions of Bosnia, to inform the programme.
OLD CITY
Site Analysis MATERIALITY
Trg Republike
The parliament building was finished in 1982, the facade is a collage of white concrete tiles and large blue glass windows. It was destroyed during the war, and then rebuilt with funding from Greece (Tower) and Norway (Parliamentary shorter block).
The Holiday Inn, was built for the 1984 winter olympics, it’s postmodern identity seams from vivid colourful overhangs amidst a uniform frontage.
The Alta shopping center, sits on the northern edge of the square. It is a modern construction of a rendered facade with glass. It’s fairly modest compared to some of the structures around.
The UNITIC towers sit to the North of the site, they were built in the 1980’s of concrete and a blue glass.
St Joseph’s Catholic Church sits in the North east corner of the square, It was built in the late 1930’s. It’s constructed in a grey brick.
The Sarajevo City Center shopping centre is stituated to the east of the square, it was built in 2012 and it’s 74m and a complex geometric symphony of glass and led screens.
CONCLUSION
In general, the materiality of the surroundings is complex, and a fabric of grey concrete, brick and render from socialist era construction with highlights of colour and large expanse of glass on modern developments, often slightly relective blue coloured glass.
Key
Area pod could be located.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
The strong dynamic cladding of the pod is inspired by the monumentality and rigidity of the buildings.
B.The central feature of the square is the Parliament building and Government tower (Built 1974, Rebuilt 2007, after extensive damage in war). The tower rises 90m in a Modernist style, covered by a glass facade placed onto a white monolithic structure. The Parliament building is a monolithic structure taking queues from Niemeyer and internationalist modernism. The concrete landscaped square is fairly quiet and guarded by security. It’s msotly used as a thoroughfair for politicans and staff and not used extensivly as public space. some activities like interviews occur though.
Site Analysis TRG REPUBLIKE 0
10m
Scale 1:2000
USE AND ACTIVITY N
The Famous Holiday Inn sits near the site, further to the north west.
A.The Catholic Church of St Joseph sits on the NE corner of the square.
A
E E.The Alta shopping centre isnt as big or modern as the SCC but does contain many shops and a gym, It’s located to the north of the square.
F.A tram stop increases activity around to the north of SCC.
F D B A The road to the north is very busy, the main axis into the old city
A C
C
Key
Area pod could be located. Sarajevo City Center,Shopping centre. WC/Supermarket Parliament/Government Buildings. Projection onto the Tower Car Parking
C
C
Green Space Buildings Roads Alta shopping centre, Contains Gym, Showering. Tram stop Activity/People
C.The land to the south between the SCC and the river contains many derelict buildings and is used primarily as informal parking.
D.The Sarajevo City centre is a large modern shopping centre containing many designer shops, WC’s, restaurants and entertainment venues. The wacky form and anonymousness of the shops cause heated debates amongst residents.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
The Site of the pod is a quieter area than outside the SCC, to allow quiet for events/sleep, but still near activity and used areas, to help advertise and get people to the pod.
CONCLUSION
Activity is focused around the SCC this area gets very busy, especially around the tram stop.
N DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Site Analysis
SANCTUARY
From this analysis, we see that the site was a sanctuary for journalists during the war, relate to my pod as sanctuary for political discussion.
CONFLICT ZONE
Conflict in war, conflict in political opinion, relate to the political discusssion of my pod.
HISTORY
Finzi’s Plan of Sarajevo, Late 1800s Site
1982 1983 Parliament building finally Holiday Inn finished after death of its completed for architect, Juraj Neidhart in 1984 winter 1979. olympics.
Area’s History 1800’s-
2009 1992-1995 Parliament The Parliament building sustained renovated with expansive damage during the war. The holiday inn was a refuge for foreignGreece and Norway’s funding. jounralists. (r)Journalist Barbara Demick at work in the Holiday Inn.
2012 The first phase of the Sarajevo City Center opens.
1800’s Development of Marijin Dvor Area by Austrian Architect August Braun N
Modern Development Plan of the area. Site
N
Walny’s Plan of Sarajevo, 1908. Site
CONCLUSION
The area was started at the end of the 1800s by Austro-Hungary, this created the block system of this area. But by the socialist era, many new buildings were being completed, for example the parliament building and holiday inn, a feature for the olympics. During the war, the area was heavily damaged. The area has started to become developed today, increasing the activity and services of this area.
Site Analysis IMPORTANT BUILDINGS 0
50m
Scale 1:10000
N
Mosques feature heavily in Sarajevo’s urban fabric, including the historically significant Ottoman Ali Pasha’s Mosque, which is under 10 minutes away.
m 0 0 8 The famous Holiday Inn Hotel is also in close proximity to the site.
4 00 m
The train station is accessible by foot within 10 minutes of the site.
The Government buildings including the presidency are within a 10 minute walk. Connection between the Parliament and Government.
Towards: Old City
Between the site and the Government buildings is a ‘block’ of dense Austro-Hungarian and Socialist buildings.
The US Embassy adds diplomatic prestige to the area.
The large olympic site sits to the south east of the site, it’s largely derelict but does host some events and shops, restaurants and a temporary arts gallery.
The site is near many cultural centres, for example the National History museum.
Walking Distances around the square 400m = 5 minute walk 800m = 10 minute walk
CONCLUSION
From this we can see the site is well placed to interact with the political landscape of Sarajevo , being near the government builidngs. It also allows projections onto the parliament buildings.
Site Analysis
A.The site is constrained by the Parliament and Government buildings to the south and west.
B.The concrete landscape provides an uneven level, another constraint for the pod.
D.Access is achieved from all directions to the pod.
C.The Road provides a major constraint.
E.The greenspace is also a constraint as i donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to remove any of it.
N
CONSTRAints 0
10m
Scale 1:2000
The square has a number of constraints which mean the area of the pod is further whittled down.
Key
Site
Constraints Access Buildings 0 5m Scale 1:1000 Constraints Section
Greenspace
The pod is constrained by 90m tower and the concrete landscape.
D D
C
E D
D E B A D
D D
A
N
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the constraints provide a location for the pod, being constrained by concrete landscape, parliament buildings and road.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Public-Private Spaces around the square A.The Parliament/ Government buildings themsleves arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t public due to security but due to their function act as semi public spaces.
The area around the square contains public and private spaces. B.The SCC shopping centre is a public space, during opening hours.
C.As we go nearer the river the buildings become more private.
N
Site Analysis AGES OF BUILDINGS 0
10m
Scale 1:2000
The site sits in a mostly communist era area, but further out austro hungarian and modern architecture permeates, to create a diverse contrasting arena of style.
Early 20th century, i.e. St Josephâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s church (C) on the NE of the square was built in the late 1930â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.
Socialist era buildings, i.e. the parliament building (A) and holiday inn (B), right next to site.
C
B
A
Key
Austro Hungarian
Early 20th century
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the pod sits in a mostly communist area, it therefore, should relate to the expressivness of socialist architecture, see materiality page.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Socialist Yugoslavia Modern
Site
Modern archtiecture sits around the square with the SCC shopping centre and the Alta Shopping centre. They were both built in the last 10years and feature glass postmodern facades. they are imposing and tall.
Towards: Hospital, Residential, Olympic Stadium, Cemeteries.
Site Analysis
N
Connections 0
10m
Towards: Old City Towards Work
Scale 1:2000
The site is connected to the rest of the city extensively, it lies on one of the busiest roads of Sarajevo, an artery, allowing easy car access to the old and new town, it also sits near bridges to the southerm suburbs. It lies near tram stops, connecting it to the city by public transport. Traffic pollutes the city.
4
4
4
A 4 C
Towards: New Sarajevo, Utopia of socialist architecture Suburbs
Towards: Old City Towards work
B 2
Key
Pedestrian Access Major roads
2
Tram Route/ Direction Direction of car travel The site
CONCLUSION
In area is connected to the city via tram stops and a major arterial road. The site is well suited to the pod as it provides access, and passersby on the road can see the pod and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s notable fold-out projector and join the discussion.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT
Buildings Towards: Mountains, Suburban Sarajevo, Serb Entity. A.This road is a major artery into the city of Sarajevo, It connects the New and Old City.
B.The Square itself is devoid of traffic and most activity. It features a strange concrete landscape, which is in need of maintenance.
C.The area outside the SCC is alot busier and more public.
Tram stop Towards the train station
2 4
4 Number of road lanes Next page for corresponding text for each letter.
Site Analysis
N
MASSING
Sketch site elevation
As we head east we find the old city, this is a dense area, with uniform heights ranging to around 6 or 7 storeys in monolithic blocks.
As we head west we enter a more open and less dense area with more greenspace, yet the buildings are taller and roads wider.
Massing section, from sketch elevation The pod sits sheltered by the other buildings. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in total contrast to the heights of the rest of the area, in contrast to the corruption of Bosnia.
CONCLUSION
The pod sits in total contrast to the buildings around site, Mimicing a democratic open space instead of the corrupt political landscape of Bosnia.
Key
Site Towards other parts of the city. Buildings back Buildings Front
Shadows 21st June 04.00hrs
W
E
05.00hrs
06.00hrs
N
07.00hrs
08.00hrs
09.00hrs
10.00hrs Composite of shadows 21st June 11am
12noon
1pm
N
10am
11.00hrs
2pm
9am
3pm
8am
4pm
7am 5pm
12.00hrs
6am 6pm
5am 7pm
13.00hrs
4am
14.00hrs
GOVERNMENT TOWER 90m
15.00hrs Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time
ENVIRONMENT
N
Site Analysis
The site is in shadow from 13.00hrs till 20:00hrs, meaning it is suitable for the events, dark is better for projection and light conditions can be manipulated for events.
S
Pod
Composite of shadows 21st June Sunrise/set times
16.00hrs
17.00hrs
12 midnight 8pm
Sunlight Hours of Sarajevo
12hours 10hours
4pm 18.00hrs
19.00hrs
8hours
12 noon
6hours 4hours
8am
2hours
4am 20.00hrs
12 Jan midnight
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Daylight hours are high in the months of operation, as sunrise/ sunset get earlier and later.
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
WIND
Wind prevails from the west down the valley, the site is sheltered by the 90m Government Tower meaning wind is no longer a significant factor.
Key
Comedy Pod
7pm June 21st
Pod
Shadows from the tall buildings around the square
05.00hrs
12pm June 21st
12pm Sept 21st 7am June 21st 7pm June 21st
12pm Sept 21st
06.00hrs
12pm June 21st
7am Sept 21st
W
7pm June 21st
74m
07.00hrs 90m
08.00hrs W
09.00hrs
10.00hrs 12pm June 21st 12pm Sept 21st
11.00hrs
S s
Composite of shadows 21st September N
ENVIRONMENT
N
Site Analysis
The site is in shadow from 13.00hrs till 20:00hrs, meaning it is suitable for the events, dark is better for projection and light conditions can be manipulated for events.
12.00hrs 11am 10am
12noon
1pm 2pm
9am
13.00hrs
12pm June 21st
3pm
8am
12pm Sept 21st
N
4pm 7am
5pm
S s
6am
14.00hrs
15.00hrs
16.00hrs Composite of shadows 21st September 17.00hrs
CONCLUSION
The pod is under shadow for a large part of the day, due to shadow from the parliamentary tower.
DESIGN DECISION AS A RESULT 18.00hrs
This doesn’t affect the design, as the pod doesn’t need light when the comedy night is happening as it happens at night, the pod is bright and open to the sun during the morning, when it’s my freetime.
l-r Outside the SCC, Road Traffic, Road Traffic
NOISE
around the square the noise comes mainly from the road and is consistent, the level of noise is also high near the SCC, which is busy with activity. This is combatted by the high levels of insualtion and position away from the road.
Site
DEVELOPMENT INITIAL IDEAS Initial Pod ideas with folding out stage, space, safety, pod not used that often. folding out side component changes to frame stage furniture held in side under stage, to be constructed when needed.
CONCLUSION
The pod is only used as an event space once a week, so a folding out structure is a good idea, It also provides security to the pod in the tense security climate. Living space can be achieved to the back and above the stage. The living space might not be that comfortable and the stage might be too open to the street for the politically sensitive show.
Precedent Kiosk m.poli, Brut Deluxe Architects. Madrid Spain. folding out, metal
LIVING SPACE STAGE
LIVING SPACE
LIVING SPACE
N
STAGE
STAGE
Initial Drawings/ Model show the pod folding out, as seen in the folded in (2nd nearest left) and folded out (rnearest left) plans and sections.
Precedent Foldable/Collaspable furniture set into or hung onto walls.
DEVELOPMENT
Further development Metallic sheeting and, the pod morphs into a more interesting shape, with metallic sheeting and plastic sheeting around a steel frame.
FOLDING OUT
Precedent Studio R-1, Architecten|en|en, Eindhoven, Netherlands. Sliding doors, metallic Sketch Perspectives sketch perspectives of the (clockwise from top left) stage, bed area, kitchen and bar area. I went on to change the kitchen to fitted shelving and change the bar area making it more substantial and the curtain replaced by a metallic structure. The interior must also become more oppulent Precedent and add a wow factor to the Tinshed, comedy club. Raffaello Rosselli, Sydney, Australia, metallic sheeting
Curtain and Texture I started to look at how the pod would be constructed, I was interested at looking at metal sheeting and interested in a curtain at the back of the pod, to keep peoples backs safe and out of the open.
CONCLUSION
The stage has become more closed to ensure comfort and for noise/ sensitivity reasons, the living space becomes more fitted and incorporated into the podâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure. I feel the curtain isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t refined yet.
Precedent Photography Studio, FT Architects, Kanagawa Japan. plastic sheeting as window.
4
1
4
DEVELOPMENT CURTAIN
2
Development Drawings/Model I further 3.developed my pod, with plans (below, folded in (l) and out (r)) and sections (far below, folded in (l) and out (r)) and also elevations, (across, all folded in ) and started looking at a structural scheme of a metal(shs) frame. I also, made a sketch model. I felt this design was too wide and not elegant enough of a solution.
2
3. 3.
2
3.
2
1
3.
3.
4
2
2
STAGE
N
Precedent Cineroleum London 2010 Assemble Derelict Petrol station into a temporary theatre. curtain, fold out
RELAX
STAGE
CONCLUSION
I started to explore the structure of the pod. and how the roof supports could frame the stage, to create a more intimate environment. I feel the pod isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t inticing enough and needs to be a more comedic and warm environment in contrast to the cold exterior.
FRAME STAGE
2
Further Development I decided to add more wow factor to the interior of the stage area, with a real contrast between the cold exterior. I added curves and decoration a hanging curtain to frame the stage and a new bar area with substantial folding out components, including a folding up campervan style roof, which allows, head roof and a space for the projector at night/when needed.
DEVELOPMENT dRAMA
Structure I looked at the structural of a metal cladding, fixed to plywood facing and wooden structure.
N
PROJECT
SLEEP LIVING
STAGE LIVING
STAGE Precedent Mesh Temporary Bar Porto, Portugal 2014 Fala Atelier Drawings Drawings of this iteration, from top; section folded out, section folded in, plan folded out and plan folded in.
Steel Frame, msh wire, cool, edgy
Projector I started looking at how the projector would work, and project onto Parliament.
CONCLUSION
Axoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s I feel the pod is a bit ugly presently, its got lots of folding out components and roofs.
I started to create an environment more inline with comedy and funtimes in the interior. I feel the number of folding elements is producing a too complex ugly pod, I want to refine this.
DEVELOPMENT BEACON OF LIGHT Sketches top portion is a steel structure covered with translucent plastic sheeting. Axo’s I feel the pod is a bit ugly presently, its got lots of folding out components and roofs.
Precedent Garage museum for contemporary art. Moscow, Russia 2015 OMA Material, mirrored, elegant.
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PROJECT LIVING
SLEEP
LIVING
STAGE
STAGE
Development Drawings/Model I went off on a bit of a tangent, trying to incorporate a smaller second floor, with the pop up roof, but this iteration didn’t really provide an elegant solution to the masses of the folding out components dumped on the side of the pod and the folding out pods. Axo’s beneath top:folded in bottom:folded out
Development Drawings top to bottom: Elevation folded in and out, section folded in and out and then to the right plan folded in and out.
CONCLUSION
I started to try and produce a more elegant exterior. I need to further refine this.
Development Drawings A second skin is introduced to hide and manage the folding out components, and the roof for the bar area folds out of here too. larger windows are introduced at the rear, due to light gathering.
DEVELOPMENT double skins
Axoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s left, folded in right, folded out
N
PROJECT LIVING
STAGE Second Skin holding the folding out components
PROJECT SLEEP STAGE
Development Drawings top row (l-r), west elevations, folded in and out, plan folded in and out.
STAGE
second row (l-r), east elevations, folded in and out, section folded out and in, facing west. third roof (l-r), roof plans, folded in then out. front (north) elevation folded in and out. fourth row (l-r), section facing north, folded in and out.
PROJECT
fifth row (l-r), north elevations, folded in and out.
BAR CONCLUSION
To form an elegant exterior a second skin has been incorporated to contain all the folding out elements.
DAILY USE OF THE POD
For each stage of the programme, the pod is occupied and configured differently.
In Freetime the pod is closed up totally.
In advertising mode, posters can be stuck to the pod, and i might be handing out flyers for the comedy night.
In night mode, whilst iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sleeping the folding out roof component might be folded out to allow extra head room and a view of the stars.
CONCLUSION As shown, the pod transforms during the different parts of the programme and schedule.
In show mode, the stage and bar area is expanded, totally. like a beacon of light in a sea of dark.
In projection mode, the folding out component of the roof is folded out, to allow the projector to project onto the parliament building.
N
During provocations or scouts, for example, sticking money down and videoing peoples attempt to retrieve it or having a job advert for mpâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s posted on the pod, the pod will be closed mostly duirng this period, unless the provocation requires it to be open.
FOLDING OUT
This page illustrates how to pod folds out to provide space for the stage and audience and bar area.
Key
N
Pivot Moving component
OF THE POD
Folding out of side roof and bar area.
Firstly the roof is folded out and then the doors.
The doors are unclipped and then the separated ones unfolded to support the roof and create a private backspace.
Folding out of front roof and stage.
Firstly the roof is folded out and then the outer skin front doors opened/removed.
The side supports are extended and folded out with the left hand outer skin opening closed.
Then, the stage is folded from the inner skin wall at the front and the benches taken from the stage.
Folding out of the roof component. Folding out of the Bar.
The right hand side front opening is deconstructed and reconstructed into the bar at the end of the backspace.
The roof is folded out, when projecting onto the parliament building, or when extra ceiling height is necessary.
DRAWINGS PLAN Ground FLOOR 0
1m
Scale 1:50
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DRAWINGS PLAN Ground FLOOR folded out 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS PLAN first floor 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS PLAN first floor folded out 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS roof PLAN 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS roof PLAN folded out 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS elevation facing north
0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS elevation facing north folded out 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS section facing north 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS section facing north folded out 0
1m
Scale 1:50
DRAWINGS section facing west 0
1m
Scale 1:50
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DRAWINGS
1
5
PERSPECTIVES OF THE POD
CONCLUSION
The perpsectives show how the building works, Its 3D vision and how it sits on site. It also shows the interior and the fitted wooden shelving for storage and livng within the pod.
2
7
When Folded out
1 N
3
4
3
6
4
7
When Folded out
6 5
2
Location Plan GF 1:100 0
1m Perpsective
Scale 1:100
CONCLUSION
The materiality is expressed in relation to the materiality of the local area. It also defines the 2 skins with 2 different materials.
MATERiALITY OF THE POD
0
100mm
Scale 1:10
0
Plan Detail of Zinc Cladding 1:10 1.Zinc Cladding System 2.Cladding Fasteners 3.Waterproof Membrane 4.Plywood (18mm) 5.Affixing batons 6.Insulation (150mm) 7.Wooden Structural Frame 8.OSB internal wall
Outer Skin The outer skin will be constructed out of a zinc cladding system, contrasting with the white parliament building and providing a secure skin.
Inner Shell The inner shell will be constructed out of a polished aluminium cladding system, nproviding a reflective surface to link the people with the politics and remind the passing politicans of the people theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re serving. 7 6
6 5 3
Scale 1:10
Plan Detail of Polished Aluminium Cladding 1:10 1.Polished Aluminium Cladding System 2.Cladding Fasteners 3.Waterproof Membrane 4.Plywood (18mm) 5.Insulation (150mm) 6.Wooden Structural Frame 7.OSB internal wall
8 7
100mm
2
5 2
4 2
4
3
4 1
1
Polished Aluminium
Zinc Precedent Tornhuset, Terroir & Kim Utzon Arkitekter, MalmĂś, Sweden 2014. This building uses a painting aluminium sheet cladding to identify an interesting form.
Elevation Facing West 0 1m
Scale 1:50
Precedent High Street, Alta Architecture, Melbourne, Australia 2014.
Precedent Valley House, Philip M Dingemanse, Launceston, Australia 2014.
A similar style metallic cladding.
A home clad in metal to create a sharp profile.
Precedent Mirrored Beach hut, ECE Architecture & Creative Forager,Worthing, UK 2015. Here the mirrored hut, interests passers by and highlights the beach, by reflecting it in the architecture.
Louvre Lens detail
Precedent Louvre Lens, SANAA, Lens, France 2012. The polished aluminium acts as a reflective surface, emulating the mirrored beach hut, but adding a murkiness, like the murkiness of Bosnian politics.
Elevation Facing South 0
1m
Scale 1:50
TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY
Zinc Cladding Batons Plywood
OF THE POD
Plywood Plywood Frame
Insulation
Zinc Cladding Zinc Cladding
Frame
Insulation Insulation OSB Frame
Zinc Cladding
Detail Model
Membrane
Batons
Model Photos These photos illustrate my tech component model of part of the detail, the area where the inner and outer skins meet and where the zinc folds around onto the roof.
Model Photos These photos illustrate my tech component model of part of the detail, one of the doors which fold out.
Outer skin Frame Inner Skin
Insulation Zinc Cladding
Frame
Membrane Plywood Batons Plywood Frame
2
1 5
7
Zinc Board
3
4 4
Location Section Facing North 1:200
6
0 8
1m
Scale 1:200
Model Location
CONCLUSION Plan Detail, Corner Seam How the zinc cladding will link at the corners. 0 100mm Scale 1:10 Plan Detail of Zinc Cladding , Corner Seam 1.Zinc Cladding System 2.Cladding Fasteners 3.Waterproof Membrane 4.Plywood (18mm) 5.Affixing batons 6.Insulation (150mm) 7.Wooden Structural Frame 8.OSB internal wall
The Detail model highlights the complex construction of the pod.
PLAN DETAIL
1
OF THE POD 0
100mm
12
12
4
3
2
12
4
3
6
6
1:10 1.Polished Aluminium Cladding System 2.Cladding Fasteners 3.Waterproof Membrane 4.Plywood 5.Insulation 6.Wooden Structural Frame 7.OSB internal wall 8.Window 9.Zinc Cladding System 10.Cladding Fasteners 11.Affixing batons 12.Zinc Board 13. Folding out furniture
11
5
6 1
12
Detail Plan
The Detail highlights the complex construction of the pod.
9 10 4
6
Scale 1:10
CONCLUSION
2
12
5
12
6
6
3 5
12 12
12
12
13
12
12 12
12
12
12
4 4 11
9
6
10
12
12
4
6
4
12
12
12
12
4 6
6
6 7
3
7 7
6
5
5 12
6
12
12
12
1 24 6
4 4
3
6
4
5 11 4 4
7
7
6
5
6 3 1
2
5
6
8
8
4
9 10
DETAIL OF THE POD CLOSED Standard wall construction
1 2
4
4
15
4
15
9
3
9 3
5
3
3
5
3
15
15
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
5
3
10a
9
3
4 21
9
15
15
15 15 3
3
4 15 3
3
3
3
5 3
10b
5 3
3
2 7
15
10b 7
3
7
3
2 1
15 11 7
3
15
3
15 4 21
3 3
12
12
12
12 8
3 3
3
3
3
9 4 3
3
3
4 3
3
815 15 3
4 3
3
7
7
3
7
3
12
7
3
12
9
3
12
2 1
3
4 3
12
3
3
4 8
CONCLUSION
3
The Detail highlights the complex construction of the pod.
3
3
0 100mm Scale 1:10 Detail Key 1:10 1.Zinc Cladding (see detail above) 2.Waterproof Membrane (2mm) 3.Fastening 4.Plywood Batons (25x39mm) 5.Podâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wooden Frame (150x150mm) 6.Floor Wooden Frame (100x100mm) 7.Door Wooden Frame (100x50mm) 8.Roof Wooden Frame 9.Insulation 10.OSB (Oriented strand board) a.18mm thickness b.12mm thickness 11.Hinge 12.Zinc Board (50mm thickness) 13.Wheel 14.Wooden footing (150mm thickness) 15.Plywood
9 4 3
15
3
3
4 15 9 2
15 3
3
6
9 2
3
6
3
3
3
6 7 14
13
7
3
12
13
7
3
12
13
7
3
12
13
3
12
8
3
Location Section Facing North 1:200 0
1m Scale 1:200 Detail Location N
2 1
43 1
Pod stood on Paving
Location Plan GF 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100 Section Cut line
DETAIL OF THE POD FoLDED OUT
1 2
4
4
15
9
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
15
15
3
3
9 5
3
4
15
3
3
3
9
3
3
5
3
10a
9
3
15
4 21
9 15
15 15 3
3
7
3
12
7
3
12
2 1 43 1
8
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
9 4
3
4
3
8
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
3
2 1
15
11
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
21
15
9
10b
15
815 15
2
15
3
9 4
10b
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
8
3
5
3
3
15 4 21
4 15
CONCLUSION
The Detail highlights the complex construction of the pod.
0
15 9 2
15 3
3
6
9
3
6
2
7 14
13
Scale 1:10
Detail Key 1:10 1.Zinc Cladding (see detail above) 2.Waterproof Membrane (2mm) 3.Fastening 4.Plywood Batons (25x39mm) 5.Podâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wooden Frame (150x150mm) 6.Floor Wooden Frame (100x100mm) 7.Door Wooden Frame (100x50mm) 8.Roof Wooden Frame 9.Insulation 10.OSB (Oriented strand board) a.18mm thickness b.12mm thickness 11.Hinge 12.Zinc Board (50mm thickness) 13.Wheel 14.Wooden footing (150mm thickness) 15.Plywood
6
3
100mm
3
Location Section Facing North 1:200 0
1m Scale 1:200 Detail Location N
12
Pod stood on Paving
Location Plan GF 1:100 0
1m
Scale 1:100 Section Cut line