BA(Hons) 2nd Year Design Portfolio by rob.goacher

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Name of Student: Robert Oliver Goacher Student Number:

13035834

Date Submitted: 13/5/2015

Module Number and Name: Architectural Design 1 and 2 U30021 U30022 Title of Work: Year 2 Portfolio Module Leader: Christina Godiksen (Circle as appropriate) THIS IS SUBMITTED AS:

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GRADE

U30031 U30022 Year 2 Portfolio

Robert Goacher 13035834 Unit G

Instrument Project

13035834 Robert Goacher

Instrument

Investiagtion Our site is located on the sheepwash channel, a side channel of the River Thames, in Oxford, near Oxford train station.

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I conducted some preliminary site analysis, below is the pedestrian routes (left) boat routes (centre) and activity (right). (1.Bench, 2.Childcare, 3./4. Homes 5. Allotments.)

Oxford

The site within Oxford

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Great Britain Thames Basin Thames & Oxford

I noticed ducks on the site. Therefore, I looked into the applications of ducks, both as food (i.e. Hoisin Duck, as seen below) and as duck down providing lining for jackets etc.

All souls’ College in Oxford has an interesting tradition of the ‘mallard song’, wheeras once a century, in the first year of the century, i.e. 1901,2001... The fellows of the college (All souls only has fellows, no students) parade around the college with flaming torches lead by the ‘lord mallard’ who is carried in a chair. The parade is in fact lead by holding a wooden replica of a mallard atop a pole (in centuries past it was a dead duck) The fellows are in search of a giant mallard, which supposedly flew out of the foundations when the college was being built in 1437. As i noticed the ducks, I started to map their movement during roughly 15minute intervals. The territories of the ducks, outlined in the map bottom right, are interesting as they show the ducks tend to congregate in goups of 7-9 out of a total 20ish. They also tend to appear near the shorelines more often tha not.

^ 15.59-16.09 25/9/2014 N Duck Movement

13.42-13.57 24/9/2014 Duck Movement

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All Soul’s Mallard tradition. key. 1. Start, Circuit of Old Quad, one and a half circuits of the new quad 2. End, at chapel door, ascend to roof. 3. After going across library roof, descend. 4. Make a Bonfire with Torches/Wooden Duck. 5. Retire to buttery for traditional Duck Blood Drinking (Now Madeira Wine).

^ 14.21-14.36 20/9/2014 N Duck Movement ^ N

13035834 Robert Goacher

Instrument

Intervention I was interested in intervening with the ducks, so i decided to feed them bread, they came extremely fast once the bread started to hit the water and after a while stared to follow me around the site, like a mini-procession, mimicing the All Souls’ procession. Comparing the All Souls’ procession and the duck’s procession around the site.

I’ll feed the ducks servings of 2 slices of bread.

servings

Controlled movement of the Ducks by bread. Key. 14.34-14.50. 1. 14.34 2 Pieces of bread, Firstly a couple of ducks from (i) came over, then a large number from (ii) came over and some from (iii), theres roughly 15-20 ducks by 14.35. 2. 14.37 2 Pieces of bread, 15-20 Ducks. 3. 14.38-9 a. around 3 ducks venture into the side channel b.some go /eat here. 4. 14.41 start to follow me 5. 14.43, start to follow me with 4 principle followers 6. 14.46, Harder to follow round the corner except a few. 7. 1449-50 couple follow, boat in the way so not many follow. 8. 14.50 follow a bit, all come eventually, some even follow onto land.

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I tried to feed the ducks with bread through plastic box feeders, they were uneponsive, with every ciolour of box.

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13035834 Robert Goacher

Instrument

Develop

The boxes didnt seem to work, the ducks didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to engage with something the bread was placed in. Therefore, i though about devising a caapult type instrument to deliver the bread o the ducks, therefore i made some practice catapults out of cardoard.

^ N Trebuchet at Warwick Castle

Sketch Elevation of Instrument

The final instrument includes a throwing section supported by bracing, attached to an elastic band which is cut at a certain time by a timer affixed to a blade.

How to improve? I feel i could improve my instrument, by making it automatically reloadable at present it is not, and also making it more of a procession or parade, similar to the All Soulsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Tradition. Also, making it stronger and more resilient to the outdoors.

This is a possible procession map, relating the instrument to the All Soulsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; procession, a group of instruments could work together to lead the ducks around in a parade, with the instruments releasing bread at times to accomodate this.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Instrument

Instrument ^ N

This 1:100 section facing North shows how one of the catapults might work in the site context.

Section Line Facing North

13035834 Robert Goacher

Instrument

Terratorium Project

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Terratorium

Duck World ^ Furthering from my instrument project, I concluded N that water and therefore ducks, were important to the site.

^ I identified this area as ideal duck habitat, and then N did a site section, 1:100 (right) it lies next to the River thames (basin shown below) Section Line

Oxford

^ N Thames Basin

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Roger Dudman Way (Human Access)

Inaccessible

Final plans

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Canopy (Cover for ducks)

Live-Older

I need to decide on which breed of duck to choose; Inaccessible

Secluded (Laying)

Shallow Water (learn to swim ) Marsh (Nesting)

Reeds (Hiding) Farmed Ducks

LIve-Younger

Bench (feed)

50cm

Laying

Wild Ducks

Incubate

Wild ducks (Swim)

Accessible (Land)

Incubation/Bedroom, Final Iteration perspective

Accessible (Water)

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Aylesbury -Heavy, 5kg, Good Meat -Rare, Similar to Pekin -From Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire

Indian Runner -Upright, like penguin -Run doesnt waddle, walks to market. -Great layer, <330eggs/year -Rarely incubate/nest -From Indonesia

y8 l n O

Weeks to gro w

Later Living, Final Iteration perspective

Early Living/Dining and Kitchen, Final Iteration perspective

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Incubation, 28 days, Incubators, Setter and Hatcher Week 1-2, 12 inch high pen, 100W light on constantly Week 3, light turned off for an hour on the first day, 2 on the second and so on.. Week 4, light turned off during day Week 5, light off all the time, Week 6, Ducks can go outside, with protection. Interlude Week 8, Slaughtered, Week 9, process in Bacon/Sausage

Slaughter

13035834 Robert Goacher

Muscovy -Wild in Central/South America -Large duck ^7kg (Male), ^3kg (Female) -Black and White, with red face.

to gh

Where? -Aylesbury (Buckinghamshire) (red) and the surrounding vale of Aylesbury (lighter red) When? -Bred, since 1700s becomin England’s primary commercial variety in the 1800’s (with a tonne transported to Smithfield market, London everyday during the season). -Introduction of Pekin duck, they went into decline. WWI and WW!I distrubuted the industry futher. Today there’s is only a single flock in Buckinghamshire.

Pekin -From China, introduced to Britain in 1870’s. -Most popular commercial breed, -Easy to rear -200 eggs/year, Good meat

u no

I Choose Aylesbury What? -Weight, 2.9-3.2kg+ with white feathers, orange bill/feet. -Long & thin parallel to ground. How? -Breeders/Rearers seperated -Breeders (with stock ducks) stituated in Aylesbury vale, healthy countryside, flocks of 6 drakes and 20 hens. -Allowed to wonder throughout day in local fields/ponds and kept indoors for laying eggs at night. -Aylesbury’s are bad mothers, so eggs collected immediately in November and sold to Rearers (Duckers) in Aylesbury who’d rear them for the breeders. -The women of the households would place the eggs in groups of 13 under broody chickensin every room of the house. -During the last week the eggs would be sprinkled with warm water, to help them hatch. -Duckers raised 400-1000 ducks each, then slaughter them and send them to market in London. -Suspended during slaugther to keep feathers white. Why? -Used for Quilts- Feathers -Good quality meat, ready in early february, after game season and before spring chickens.

Mallard -Wild duck, -Not ate/farmed -Ancestor of most domestic breeds.

Terratorium

Breakfast ^ N

Site After investigating the uses of ducks for meat, i explored the relationship to the site, the site sits near the train station, which ferries commuters to london everyday. The train station features a number of cafe’s serving breakfast food for the commuters, an idea sparked into my mind, duck breakfast buns, made of duck bacon and sausage and egg to feed these hungry commuters.

Slaughter(Orange) /Butchering Space (Red), Final Iteration Section/Plan

Station

Slaughter 1.Restrain the duck. 2. Slit the throat. 3. Let it bleed out. 4. Dunk in scalding water 5. Dunk in cold water. 6. Pluck the Duck. 7. Cut off the head/legs. 8. Dress the duck, removing it’s intestines and neck.

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cti

Lin

Butchering the duck 1.Giblets-NeckHeart, lung liver etc. Can use for paté, pies etc. 2/3 Legs/Wings, use for sausages, other meat dishes. 4. Carcass, use for stocks, Bones could be used for ivory 5. Skin, could be used to make leather. 6. Breast, use for bacon/other meat dishes.

Frying duck eggs 1. Place oil in frying pan on medium-high heat. 2. Crack egg into pan. 3. Allow to fry for as long as wanted. 4. Enjoy

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Making/Cooking Duck bacon 1. Mix Curing Salt (Prague Powder) and table salt, (30g for 1kg of meat). 2. Butcher your duck, to get the breast. 3. massage the breast with the salts. 4. Vacuum pack the duck breast covered with the salt. 5. Cure for 1 day per 13mm thickness plus 2 days in a fridge at 2oC-4oC 6.turn every 2 days. 7. After curing, rinse off the excess salt, Let it dry before slicing. 8.Place oil in a frying pan on a medium-high heat, cook until done.

Slaughter Space, Final Iteration perspective

Butchering Space, Final Iteration perspective

4,5,6,7

Making/Cooking Duck Sausage 1. Dice up the duck/meat very finely. 2.mix with seasoning. 3.stuff the meat into the sausage casings and tie the ends. 4.Place oil in a frying pan on a medium-high heat, cook until done.

Assembling the Bap 1.get a bread bun 2. cut it in half. 3. place the egg, bacon and sausage in it. 4.enjoy.

13035834 Robert Goacher

3,4.

Terratorium

Programme I started to relate the duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s calendar to spaces within the building and also how a modern duckerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house (inhabitated by both the ducker and his duck) might be created.

Eyelevel The ducks should feel at home therefore i have designed the programme diagram and the building to stay at a single level throughout for the ducks, the duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye level. Resulting in parts of the building being buried and some raised.

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^ N 1/2

Configurations for possible furniture enclosures for the ducks Precedents Pet furniture, where your pet can inhabit the furniture, for there own use.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Possible places for the duck bap kiosk to venture to, including station platform right next to the site (top), high street (bottom right), gloucester green market (bottom centre), bonn square (bottom left)

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Terratorium

Reponsive My first iteration was a simple collage of my programme diagram onto the site.

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Water Access Activity

I focused on how the site was organised and tried to reponse to this in my Pedestrians project. Water (Farmed Ducks)

Duck Access

Combination

Water (Wild Ducks)

Sec tion

Line

Duck Accessibility-Land

Activity

Pedestrians Land Access

The plan and elevation above/to the left are my first iteration drawings. It starts to show how my building becomes reponsive to the site with the slaughtering/ butchering areas (1), the gory bits away from the pedestrians and the buildings sitting around the ponds to allow the ducks to access the ponds from them.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Terratorium

Materiality

I started to explore materiality with my next set of iterations of the design (below and to the left), i liked the contrast between the concrete and wooden structures, yet i feel that the woven-wooden pavillions are too heavy and could be lightened to bring a heavier level of contrast and merge into the landscape further with the human parts of the building becoming invisible/unimportant compared to the duck areas.

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Concrete Inspired by Alvaro Siza’s Leça Swimming Pools. Concrete buried into the ground. Grounded. Moulding the ground into a duck paradise. Insulation You can make insulation out of duck down. A termite resistant building board made from a composite of chicken feathers and compressed cement has been developed by Filipino Professor Dr. Menandro N. Acda. He says they will be “resistant to insect infestation such as termites because the feathers are inedible,”. These boards can be used as insulation. Advantages of Duck Down; -Extremely warm for its weight -Extremely compressible -Performs badly when exposed to dampness/wetness– Membrane needed

Leça Swimming Pools, Leça de Palmeira, Portugal, Alvaro Siza, 1966

I tried to board form concrete wth feathers in it, it didn’t work that well, i hoped the feather’s patterns would have been more defined.

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Building 2

cti o

Building 1 Building 2

Building 1

ine

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Model Photos of Model of iteration above

Contrast The contrast between the monolithic concrete and the floating roofs is intentionally noticable. It seperates the duckers and duck’s worlds. As seen on the final iteration plan/section above in the first building the concrete encases the duck’s life, with it encasing the incubation room (though this is also the ducker’s bedroom) and creating the first two duck living areas. Whereas in the second building the ducks live in the areas defined by the floating roofs and the concrete is partly buried into the ground encasing the ducker’s domain of a workspace and the slaughter/butchering areas, buried below to hide the gore of slaughter from the public.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Terratorium

Hide and Survive

Ducks ae birds, and whilst hunting or watching birds, hides are used, i explored this idea, to create a heavy concrete base, built into the landscape and a lighter roof structure which should hopefully merge into the tree canopy. The relief below is a further iteration, exploring these ideas.

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Se cti

Lin

Hide My building will be slightly hidden, with the slaughter/butcher area partly underground and the rest of the building merging into the trees, to link to hides for bird watching and to highlight the duck’s areas not the ducker’s. Precedents right to left, Studio Egret West, Stratford Shoal, Tåkern Visitor Centre, Wingårdhs, Topiaris Landscape Architecture , Tagus Linear Park

60.0cm

^ Survive N In respect to Flooding my site (marked in red) is in a high flood area, dark blue on the map

to the left indicates High meaning that each year, this area has a chance of flooding of greater than 1 in 30 (3.3%). Highest

50.0cm

To the right,Heights from measurements at port meadow, not far from the site. Recent Highest

40.0cm

30.0cm

Model I made a model, i feel it clearly communicates the hidden qualities of my proposal

20.0cm

Current

10.0cm

Piers are a solution and i can do this by using concrete. Precedents left to right, Brooklyn Bridge Park Pier 6 by BIG, Atomikarchitecture ‘s 21st Century Pier, Birnbeck Pier and Island by Levitate, Brighton Pier, Brighton, Cromer Pier, Norfolk.

0.0cm

Model I made a small sketc model of part of the roof, to see how it interacts with the trees around.

Flood Barrier Perspective view

^ Flood Barrier As my site is focused around a group of ponds, with only 1 entrance for water, i N think that a flood barrier

The trees merge with the roof to hide the building/s and provide a canopy for the ducks.

affixed to the laying building, which is perched across this entrance. would be appropriate, as shown here in my final iteration.

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13035834 Robert Goacher

Terratorium

Plan 1:100 Programmatic Drawings: Human Territory

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Duck Territory

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Precedents Koshino House, Ashiya, Japan Tadao Ando 1984, Monolithic concrete into landscape

Precedents Downland Gridshell, Singleton, West Sussex UK, Edward Cullinan Architects, 2002, Wooden Framed Roof

13035834 Robert Goacher

Terratorium

Section 1:100

Structural Diagrams Roof

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Precedents Olympic Archery Range, Barcelona Enric Miralles 1991, Grounded, elevated roof

13035834 Robert Goacher

Santa Caterina Market, Barcelona Enric Miralles 2005, Tree like columns

Terratorium

Visualisation

Plan to illustrate the perspectivesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; views.

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5 6

3 4

Internal Perspectives of my building, the internal perspectives revolve aound the building and therefore process, as illustrated in the plan below. The first one features the incubation space, then the the young duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s living space and then the older duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s living space and then the bathroom come swimming area. Finally the slaughtering and butchering spaces in perspective with collages to illustrate the the kiosk selling the baps travelling around the city, for example to Bonn square or the station.

1 5

13035834 Robert Goacher

Terratorium

Plan to illustrate the perspectivesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; views.

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External Perspectives help visualise the building in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s context, the views are the entrance area, the flood barrier (laying shed), the older living area/bathroom and a view from the exit onto Roger Dudman Way.

Sketch Axonometrics drawings showing the 3d visualisation of the building .

13035834 Robert Goacher

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Terratorium

Migration Project

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Migration

Translate

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Location of Sicily and Catania in relation to Oxford

o’

‘Suino Ner

Translate the crop The Sicilian black swine, (‘Suino Nero’ is related to the wild boar and looks similar, it originates from the Nebrodi Mountains (to the north of Sicily and north of Mt Etna) It stands at 70cm tall and roams the oak forests all day, there’s only a population of around 2000. They ae kep in Zimma, stone pens which they can shelter in from seasonal extremes.

Nebrodi Mountains

Translate the Product The Sicilian black swine is famed for it’s ham and salami, Nebrodi ham is a deliacy, and salami made from the pigs is also famed. Translate the crop The Aylesbury duck isn’t native to Sicily, so i started to research the sicilian black swine.

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Translate the Product The breakfast bap can easily be transfered to the sicilian terroir. Translate the landscape/community I will focus on the Sicilian Oak forest (the habitat of the pigs) and the communities of the small towns and villages that do the landscape, for example Trecastagni, a town to the north west of Catania stituated in the foothills of the Mount Etna. The forest relates to the dense trees of the Oxford site, apart from the water.

Translate the landscape/community The landscape of the Oxford site is a jungle of trees, reeds and shrubs, hiding the ground and surrounded by water. The community nearby is brick based residential and the concrete industrial station.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Trecastagni

Sicilian Forestry

Migration

Migrate

In Relation to the Terratorium project, the buried concrete spaces relate to the sicilian ‘Zimma’ pen of the pigs, they could even be buried undergound to enhance thermal mass, like my oxford project. The small section, highlights the concrete monolith of the terratorium project.

I experimented with placing my Terratorium project into the Sicilian Terroir, by using sketches.

The terratorium projects relationship with the trees could be incorporated.

I feel a nice space could be found in my new building with a ham-hanging room. In relation to my terratorium, i believe a meat processing process will help inspire my work. So in relation to Sicily i will look at making salami, a popular Italian Dish which can be made with nebrodi pork.

Salami Making 1.Get Pork (Belly/Fat) 2. Remove bones 3. Dice finely 4. Mix Fat/Meat 5. Season and add curing salts and any additional curing products 6. Stuff into casings 7. Tie at each end with string 8.Hang inside for a few days 9. Hang outside to dry, with cover, protection from animals and clear ventilation for around a month (or until it’s lost 30% of it’s weight) 10. Enjoy

13035834 Robert Goacher

Migration

Di-section Project

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Di-section

Di-section Site section, within Catania (in Sicily, we were given a choice of sites, i chose Piazza Curro, a square near the large fish market of Catania. I did a site section, through the market, through Piazza Santa Maria dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Indirizzo with its market and then into Piazza Curro and a Squat and then through the train line and into the residential areas.

Market

Piazza Santa Maria dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Indirizzo

Edge of the Piazza Curro

Facing towards the Church which sits on the Piazza

Representation Sketch/Ideas

Train Line/Residential Areas

Surveying Sketches

My migration project was about Salami and therefore i decided to cut out the section as you slice salami.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Di-section

Refinery Project

From the migration project and disection project in relation to the slicing of salami and the market, i decided to do my project on Knives , making and sharpening them.

13035834 Robert Goacher

Refinery

Analysis

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Environmental Diagrams: From top to bottom: -Major Roads -All Roads/Access Routes including Railway -Pedestrian Routes.

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^ Location Sicily is an Island located at the N south of Italy, Catania is a City located on the

Jun

eastern coast of Sicily near Mount Etna.

Jan

Our Site, Piazza Curro is located in the Old Heart of the city, slighty inland in the centre. The specific site (triangle of land) is located at the eastern edge of the Piazza.

Feb

Mar Apr

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

May

10.2 10.4 12.3 14.7 18.9 23.1 25.8

Nov

Dec

26.3 23.1 19.5 15.1 11.6

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Mean Daily Temperature (oC)

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-8m

-11m

-30m

^ N 1km

Detritic Covers

Discarded Materials

LavaFlow

Sands, Sandy Muds and Clayey Sands

Marly Clays

215m

Knives in use around the market

-5m

Geological Survey Places of Interest Sites of interest around the site (red triangle)

There are many types of knife, from Cleaver, vegetable, steak, carving, Fish Filleting, Slicing, Boning, Santoku, Kithcen and Bread. They each have there own use in the market and home, for example the vegetable knife is used for vegetables and the celaver and kitchen knife for cuttting meat and fish.

Green: Giardino Pacini, Public Park Orange: Railway viaduct Yellow: Market site/s Purple: Piazza Duomo, one of the main sqaures of Catania Dark Orange: B&B/Hostel Burgundy: Squat House, right next to the site. Olive: Restaurants/Cafes Pink: Church of Santa Maria dell’Indirizzo Dirty Yellow: Terme Romane dell’Indirizzo Blue: High School The site sits next to the Piazza Currò which is used primarily as a car park. The Piazza at the front of the church is the Piazza Santa Maria dell’Indirizzo which forms part of the market site.

Site Photos

I will try and produce many types of knives for the entire market and local area, with knives being produced for each sector.

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Knives being used This map indicates where Knives could be used in the local area. The Yellow indicates the Market with the green representing residential areas and pink restaurants/cafes. Knives may also be used in the school kitchens (blue) and shops (orange).

Handles History Sicily has been occupied by a number of cultures and peoples for over 3000 years. From, the greeks and romans to the byzantines, arabs and normans to more recently the spanish and italians. Each of these cultures have embedded a history of knives in the island along with a history of art and design, influencing craftmanship in sicily to this day.

Knives Blades

Byzantine Artwork The fusion of the antiquity and Eastern elements resulted in the Byzantine style, dating from the 9th to the end of the 12th century. The extensive use of embossed work, with filigree, cabochon gems, and small plaques of enamel are seen in Byzantine metalwork.

The Mount Etna Broom is the larg- I think sweet chestnut will suit my est of the Broom Family (up to 8m) handles the best, as its durable and and can be classified as a small tree, strong. It is also associated with whereas other types of Broom are Sicily and easy to get hold of. The wood is tannin high mean- Its wood is often not used commering it’s durable and suitable for cially due to it not being as strong or Olive wood is very strong and dura- merely scrubs it’s endemic to Sicily outdoor use. The bottom photo durable as other varieties, but the ble and also has a high combustion especially the lower slopes of Mt indicates the Hundred Horse timber often described as ‘lacewood’temperature and interesting grain Etna. Chestnut, in Sant’ Alfio on the is used for decorative woodwork due patterns. It’s not cultivated commercially. eastern slope of Mt Etna, it’s it’s highly stylised grain. But due to the cultivation of olives, the oldest known Chestnut in and the small size of the tree, the the world, at 2000-4000 years wood is expensive and pretty hard to old, and is named as such come by. because a legend states that a Queen of Aragon and her 100 Knight accompaniment all sheltered underneath the tree from a storm. The Sweet chestnut grows across the island.

13035834 Robert Goacher

The Oriental Plane grows across Sicily especially in the West

Right, Virgin and Child, copper, embossed and gilded plaque (probably for an altar) from the rood loft of the cathedral of Torcello, Venice,” Italo-Byzantine, 12th century; in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

The olive tree is cultivated across Sicily, especially the fertile lands around Etna.

Kopis Ancient Greek Heavy knife with a forward-curving blade, primarily used as a tool for cutting meat, for ritual slaughter and animal sacrifice, or it can refer to a single edged cutting or “cut and thrust” sword with a similarly shaped blade.

Pugio Ancient Rome Janbiya Arabic Period A dagger used by Dagger with a short curved blade Roman soldiers and a medial ridge. as a sidearm. The form of the pugio is The design and detail is a measure not suited to utility of its value and the status of its purposes. owner.

Knives Storage Chisel Shaped Chisel shaped, typical in Japanese knives. Strong, Precise, Left/Right hand specific.

V-Shaped Often featuring slight convex. Very strong glides through food.

Convex Used in Axes/Strong knifes. Hard to Sharpen.

Concave I think v-shape blades Slender, Not as strong would suit my knives Used for fish filleting the best, as they are and delicate tasks. common, glide through food and very strong.

Magnetic Strips Simple, Practical, Sanitary

Knife Blocks Skewer Block Stainless Steel Rack Simple, but unsani- Safe and Simple, Simple, Hygenic and durable tary/unaccomodating but unsanitary. to all sizes.

Knife bag Portable, but expensive and unaccomodating to some knife sizes.

Knives set into the counter Unsanitary and unsafe.

I think magnetic strips Knife drawer insert Safe but needs to be specially are the best option, as they’re sanitary and easy designed. access and could be built into the buiding..Refinery

Process

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The Knife making process

1. Collection and Sorting Blunt/Old knives are collected from the market and local area and placed into the building. Here they are sorted by steel type and strenght and there handles etc. are removed.

3 Times 1. 1200oC 2. 180oC 3. 180oC

4.Tempering The blades are then placed inside a tempering oven also powered by coke, (with possible oxygen injection for the first temper - see left) to be tempered 3 times. The blades are then quenched in a pool of cold water or oil after the first temper and just left to dry naturally after the second and third temper.

5. Grinding The blades are then ground using a number of grinding machines and polishers, until they are sharp and able to cut well.

Smelts at 1400oC 2.Smelting The old knives are placed in a smelter using coke (refined Sand on floor, to soak up extra steel. coal) as fuel with oxygen pumped through it to get to 1400oC for the People wear protective clothing. steel to melt and then it can be poured via a crucible into a ingolt mould. Here it is then flattened by an extremely powerful hamme, to create strong sheets of carbon steel.

3.CNC’ing The Blades are then cut from the sheets of steel via specialised CNC’ing or laser cutting equipment, these could be water powered.

6. Handlemaking The Handles are then made from wood (Sicilian sweet Chestnut- The Hundred Horse sweet chestnut is a famous Sicilian Sweet Chestnut (the oldest in the world, see left) and shaped to allow the handle to be held without hitting the counter whilst cutting. It’s then affixed to the blade via rivets with glue through holes in the steel.

Process Plans The final iteration proposals outlining the processes’ spaces . Plan at +4m (left) and Plan at -0.75m (right)

7. Rags The blades are then wrapped in vinegar soaked rags for a few minutes to give them a matt patina, a protective coating to stop the metal from reacting with the food and tainting it, leaving a metallic taste.

13035834 Robert Goacher

8. Sharpening The knives are then ready to be sharpened, they’re sharpened firstly on a number of whetstones, from not very fine to fine, i.e. basalt, graphite and then porcelain (see left), the harsher whetstones remove the edge and then the finer ones revitalise it. It is then strooped on a leather and finally sharpened by an elliptical steel to give it a very sharp edge. This process could be done to old knives as well as the new ones being made.

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Visiting and Developing

David Mellor was born in Sheffield in 1930. He trained in Sheffield and London and started to design cutlery, to be manufactured in the early 1950’s i.e. the Pride Cutlery 1953, he then was bequeathed land and opened he own purpose built factory in Broom Hall (Park Lane), Sheffield, and went on to design some very famous cutlery and industrial designs notably the Embassy Cutlery (1963), commissioned by the government to showcase the highest standard of British design in British Embassies aboard. He also designed industrial icons like the common Traffic Light and Square Pillar Box. The Company moved to Hathersage in 1990, and David was in charge until 2006. He died in 2009 and now his son Corin runs the company.

Personal Diagram this is a diagram showing the movement of people around the building, people work throughout the building, during the day, moving to the service block, above the entrance during lounge times etc., firstly the staff stamp out the cutlery and then form it and then move around the building to grind it and then across to polish it and finally cleaning it and packaging it, nearing the entrance again.

The Roundhouse Cutlery Factory, designed by Michael Hopkins, 1990.

Knife Diagram this is a diagram showing the movement of knife around the building whilst it’s being made. firstly the coils of high carbon steel are collected and stamped and then forged using specialised equipment (located in the welding auto area), the knife then moves back to the circular motion, being ground and polished and then around to be cleaned and further polished.

I travelled to Sheffield, The steel city itself, and was lucky enough to visit David Mellor’s Cutlery Factory, producing cutlery include kitchen knives in Hathersage, a village in the peak disrict around 20 minutes from the city.

High Carbon Steel Coils, sourced from steelworks in Birmingham are used for the Kitchen Knives.

A 20 tonne press in usedA 180 tonne press in used with cast to stamp of the cutlery iron molds (next two from stainless steel photos) to stamp curves into the the plates. cutlery.

High tech polishing machines polish the cutlery.

The cutlery is then hand polished on a series of materials, from harder to softer

Grinding then occurs using a number of machines to sharpen knives and smooth spoons/fork edges and non-cutting edges of knives.

Initial development

An electrolyte bath adds the final This machine stamps sparkle and then a water bath finish- DAVID MELLOR onto es the process off. each piece. All other etching is done off-site by laser engravers.

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The Design bench in the centre of the space, under the glazed oculus in where designs are made and developed.

Storage of the finished product, with handwritten labels, same person writing the labels since 1970’s.

Initial Process Diagram placed onto disection The process rudimentally placed onto the site (the triangle next to the Piazza Curro)

The finished knives, in the David Mellor Factory and Shop.

staff members work in the factory, each can do every job, so they swap roles all the time.

to make a kitchen knife and several It can take hours to make the cutlery.

13035834 Robert Goacher

First proposal First proposal plan and painting, the first proposal aligns the smelting, CNC’ing, Tempering and grinding to the west on a single level and the handlemaking, ragroom and the sharpening on a higher level. It all links in a circular motion. With storage and staff rooms below.

Initial Process Diagram This is my initial process diagram with spaces for each process outlined. The Handle making and sharpening can be seperate as well as together with the rest of the process.

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Negotiated Section, Programme and Concept

This section shows, how the process will flow through the building. (middle diagram.) and how as the knife is going from blunt to sharp in manugfacture, the light goes from blunt (diffused) to sharp (focused) as does the concrtete of the building change from rough at the start to smooth and sharp at the end, mimicing the process.

Sun path Angles 75.93o 12am June 21st 37o 8am/4pm June 21st

Light From open and Difussed (Blunt) to Sharp and Focused.

Process Collect, Smelt, Cut, Temper, Grind, Handle, Rag, Sharpen

Concrete From rough and unregulated (Blunt) to Sharp and Smooth.

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Light and Shadow

Shadow Diagram, I further took the shadows to create a larger diagra, with green representing morning shadows , Blue representing noon shadows and orange, afternoon ones, the darker shadows indicate the darker areas.

Heliodon Photos of a site model to work out where the shadows are throughout the day to allow my concept to work, so i can locate/orientate the building.

Initial Diagrams, to show the shadows on the site from the research gathered from the Heliodon, July is above, December below. The diagram in the centre tries to tie all the shadows together.

July 7am

December 7am

July 12am

December 12am

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July 5pm

December 5pm

Initial Model Proposal I started to develop a model proposal from my shadow studies and my Heliodon studies.

July 7am

July 12am

July 5pm

Model Proposal, I developed a model proposal from my shadow studies and my sketches and diagrams.

Model Proposal on Heliodon, I placed the model onto the Heliodon to see if it reacts to shadows in the way i want.

N ^

Development I used the above right diagram to start to organise my orientation ideas onto the site with the Refine I refined these ideas. lighter areas accomodating the earlier processes, due to my concept first explored in the negogiated section and then the later processes to the sides with the shadows. I accomodated the sharpening/end processes to the east of the site so they would only pick up morning shadows, when the sharpening workshop wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be in use in use, as the stall holders would need their knifes then, and would want them to be sharpened in the afternoon when they werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t busy.

Development Sketches which helped develop my idea for the orientation and open areas for the earlier processes on higher floors. Where, light penetrates easily, whereas the later processes are kept underneath in more robust spaces with light funnels, allowing me to focus and control the light.

13035834 Robert Goacher

December 7am

December 12am

December 5pm

Precedents The Jewish Museum Berlin (2001) by Daniel Libeskind shows how light can be used to reveal a concept, with the first stages of the museum being dark and eerie and the later stages more open and light to represent the story of the Jewish people. I used this as inspiration to relate to the concept of light in my building.

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First Proposal

Site Photos, Inside the Triangle presently

Site Photos, Around the Triangle, Piazza Curro

Model Photos, photos of model of this iteration on site.

A 1:50

Site Photos, The Edge of the Market

1:200

Elevation, along eastern side, showing change in concrete from rough to smooth.

1:100

1:200

Arrangement of spaces, heightwise, section- along ramp

Site Photos, The sloping road to the east of the site.

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Market

The process, moves through the building. from left-right. Collect/Sort, Smelt, CNC, Temper, Grind, Handlework, Ragroom, Sharpen.

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Site ^ N

The orientation of the building is due to the shadows cast around the site, above shows that the early processes, which need more light (see below) are centered in the areas which recieve the most light consistently. The later processes are focused on the left of the site (as seen in diagram above) due to the fact these areas get morning shadows and these processes will be carried out more in the afternoon when the stall holders are free to give up there knives to be mended/sharpened and buy new knives.

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Knife Makerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Day: 8-9am: Collect/Sort Knives 9-10am: Smelt 10-10:30am: CNC 10:30-11am: Temper 11-12am: Grind 12-1pm: Handle making 1-1:30pm: Rag soaking 1:30-3pm: Sharpen/ fixing

Stall Holders Day: 5-6am: Set up 6-1pm: Sell, Sell, Sell 1-1:30pm: Clean 1:30-3:00pm: Fix knives (Sharpen)/Other Tasks

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As the concept reveils that the light goes from diffussed and bright to more focused and darker. The first processes are elevated and open, recieving large amounts of light, whilst as it carries on the light is focused and the building becomes denser and the light funnels smaller. Ventilation, the rooms which pro- ^ duce alot of heat, the smelting N room and the tempering room, will have large openings for the heat to escape and also be able to provide heat for the rooms around as shown to the right. Precedents The Church of light (1989) by Tadao Ando, Precedents The Martin Luther Church (2011) by Coop (Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan) focuses the ight as i would like Himmelblau, in Hainburg, Austria features a large cirthe funnels to in my building. cuar light well to allow light to highllight the altar, this is seen by my lightwells too.

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Second Proposal

1:50

Sketch of Proposal in Context

1:50

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Plan of space below Central Space To link Grinding area to Handle Workshop. Could be used for storage of materials/eqiment for the handlemaking process.

Precedents St Marks Cathedral, Venice, 1117, The Funnels of my building are inspired by the domes and spires of the Italian cityscape especially the Byzantine Cathedrals, i.e. St Marks. The Byzantine empire had a huge influence over Sicily during the late 1st millenium. Materials I may use in my design, from the left to right, in the walls of the sharpening room, porcelain, graphite and basalt. Then concrete, possibly a concrete cladding system with steel framed structure. using a variety of types of concrete including pre-cast and board formed concrete.

The Oslo Opera house, SnĂ¸hetta, Oslo, 2008, Features a walkable roof which seems to be the same material, but is manipulated to form paths and routes across the roofscape. This inspired me with the very changing materiality of the building.

The cladding systems may feature metalwork too, i.e. steel, copper or bronze, especially the funnels.

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Market

Site

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Stall Holders Day: 5-6am: Set up 6-1pm: Sell, Sell, Sell 1-1:30pm: Clean 1:30-3:00pm: Fix knives (Sharpen)/Other Tasks

Knife Makerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Day: 8-9am: Collect/Sort Knives 9-10am: Smelt 10-10:30am: CNC 10:30-11am: Temper 11-12am: Grind 12-1pm: Handle making 1-1:30pm: Rag soaking 1:30-3pm: Sharpen/ fixing

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The process, moves through the building. from left-right. Collect/Sort, Smelt, CNC, Temper, Grind, Handlework, Ragroom, Sharpen. Refinery

Proposal 3

Proposal 4 Material I want the shards of the building to be constructed out of a steel structure with metallic cladding to reflect to light, for example, bronze (to the left), stainless steel and zinc.

My third iteration focuses on sharpening the building and removing the funnels and letting the light reflect through sharp metallic fins. I explore this idea here in drawings and a model (below).

^ Problems which arose with this design where mainly N that the entrance/exit weren’t defined nor was there a storage or exchange area for the knives. or a link between the first processes and the last ones.

^ N Hopper Car A type of train which dumps coal through it’s bottom into pits under the track. Seen at Power Stations. could dump coke for smelting from the train tracks next door.

Bellows could get air to the smelter

Plants get air high in oxygen for the smelting process Material To complement the changing grade of the concrete, the metal’s grade could also change from rough to smooth. The metal could be imprinted with Byzantine/Historic Patterns.

Sugarcane, Black leaved Plants, Mt Etna Broom

I also explored this iteration in a model as shown here.

My fourth iteration refines the design in relation to the exchange of knives fro sharpening/buying (sketch to the left) and the link between the sharpening room and first room (sorting and exchange via an underground stair system.

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Proposal 5 This section and plan show a refine version of the fourth proposal, re-jigging the layout to make movement easier.

Precedent I am thinking of using cables to brace the fins, and take loadds, for example these cables intersect the roof of OMA’s Kunsthal in Rotterdam (1992).

Heliodon Top-June 7am 12am, 5pm Bottom-December 7am 12am, 5pm

13035834 Robert Goacher

Light After placing the model in the Heliodon, I thought there was too much light coming in on to certain areas, so therefore i could place some sort of device to block areas of the glazed roof.

Precedent Daniel Libeskind Serpentine Pavilion from 2001 (London) shows a intersting structure exposed on the inside but a smooth sharp exterior.

Detail Walls shall be constructed by a steel frame which a shadow gap and metal facade locked in a concrete base. Ive explored this in a model and sketch.

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Experience 1-Sort and Smelt

The Roof will be created as a patchwoork of glazed sheets attached to the steel fins. the cables shall also help support them. The sorting area, knives are handed in from the local area to be recycled they are then sorted and deconstructed in this area, readying them for smelting. Knives are also returned here.

Internal Perspective of the sorting area, (stairs heading up towards the smelting area). Final Iteration 1:375

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Axonometric of the sorting area. Second to Final Iteration

Sorting Perspective

Light Diagrams These show the light, which in line with the concept, diiffuses around and easily penetrates the spaces at the start of the process identified in this section.

Sun path Angles 75.93o 12am June 21st 37o 8am/4pm June 21st

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^ N Internal Perspective of the smelting area, (stairs heading up towards the CNCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ing area). Final Iteration 1:100

Section Facing South, through the stairs from the sharpening room and sorting areas, smelting area and chimney. 1:50 Final Iteration

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Axonometric of the smelting area. Second to Final Iteration

Smelting Perspective

Smelting, the knives are then resmelted and turned into flat steel sheets, resulting in sheets hanging by rail, transporting them into the CNCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ing area.

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Experience 2-CNC’ing and Tempering

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Axonometric of the CNC’ing area. Second to Final Iteration 1:100

CNC’ing Perspective

The Knives are then CNC’ed in this area, having the rudimental shape cut out by the machine the knives are then transferred to the next area for tempering.

Internal Perspective of the smelting area. Final Iteration 1:50 at front

Section Facing West, through the smelting area, CNC’ing area, Tempering room and quenching hole down to the underground river. 1:50 Second to Final Iteration.

Internal Perspective of the Tempering area. Final Iteration 1:50 at front Site Photos

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The tempering process then occurs in a tempering oven and then the knives are quenched in the underground river 6 metres below.

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Axonometric of the Tempering and Quenching area. Second to Final Iteration 1:100

Tempering Perspective

Detail of the facade with a secondary cladding panel creating inclosure. 1:20 13035834 Robert Goacher

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Experience 3-Grinding and Staff room

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Grinding Perspective

The Knives are now ground on machines in this area getting them sharp and ready. The staff room is also located here. Internal Perspective of the Grinding area. Final Iteration 1:50 at front

Axonometric of the Grinding area and Staff room. Second to Final Iteration 1:!00

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Light Diagrams show the light diffuses through the spaces, the handle working which in line witht he concept should recieve less light does so as the light is reflected and diffused through the metal fins. the light is focused and highlights the space.

Details of wall structure (right 1:20, left 1:25) , steel frame of square hollow section steel columns and beams linking to steel cladding component with insulation inserted inside. Pebbles hide its link to the foundations with a shadow gap under the cladding. The steel frame is visible from teh inside, to highlight the contrast between the outside and inside. It is also inspired by Daniel Libeskindâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Serpentine Pavillion (see Proposal 5) .

Tension cables will be used to restrain the building in the horizntal direction, bringing the fins together structurally and spreading out the load.They shall also help guide the form of the rofing components.

Section Facing South , through the handle workshop , CNCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ing area and grinding room. 1:50 Second to Final Iteration. 13035834 Robert Goacher

Sun path Angles 75.93o 12am June 21st 37o 8am/4pm June 21st Refinery

Experience 4-Sharpening, Rag, Handle Workshop and Underground stairs.

^ N Detail of wall structure 1:20, steel frame of square hollow section steel columns and beams linking to steel cladding with pebbles hiding its link to the foundations with a shadow gap under the cladding. The concrete stops the pebbles falling into the underground spaces below.

Sharpening Perspective

The knives then have handles added as they travel downwards and are then wrapped in rags and then sharpened as oyu travel down the building.

^ N Axonometric of the Handlemaking, Ragroom and Sharpening area. Second to Final Iteration 1:75

^ N

Storage areas for the knives are included in the stairs underground, linking the end off the process to the sorting area where the customers recieve their sharpened or new knife.

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Section Facing East , through the Sharpening room, rag room, handle workshop and smelting area. 1:50 Second to Final Iteration

Axonometric of the understairs exchange and storage area. Second to Final Iteration 13035834 Robert Goacher

Internal Perspective of the Handlemaking, Rag and Sharpening area. Final Iteration 1:25 at front Refinery

Final Iteration Plan 1:50 Cut at +3.75m

Piazza Curro

Sharpening

Quenching Rag Space Tempering

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Handle Workshop Sorting

Grinding CNC space

Exchange

Smelting

Staff area

13035834 Robert Goacher

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Final Iteration Plan 1:50

At Lower Level/s (Cut at -0.7m (Right)and -4.75m (Left). The principle materials of construction are concrete and steel, in line with the concept and the concrete-like monolithic volcanic stone of the local area. Steel is used to make the fins, reflecting the knifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material and being magnetic so the knife can be stored on the building whilst going through the process.

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Steel - Fins

Concrete - Base

Site location

Sharpening

Rag Space

Handle Workshop

Exchange

^ N WC/Shower Coke Storage

Storage/Link

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Process The knife moves around the building from the sorting area (red) to the sorting area again, via an underground stairway (left).

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Roof and Sectional Perspective

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Roof The roof shall be a a patchwork of glazed components, overlapping to enclose the space. between the fins, as seen in the 1:50 scale plan above.

The patchwork of glazed components, overlapping shall be attached to the fins and also supported by the tension cables. the cables shall help guide the components space and the roofs overall form.

The glazed components shall be triangular. Detail The components shall link to the fins via their steel framed edges being bolted onto the structural beams.

Precedent Lebbeus Woods’ Projects relate to the sharp lines of my design and the metallic finishes. Left to Right, High Houses and Sarajevo, from War and Architecture, 1993 and the Light Pavilion, Chengdu, China (2013).

The sloping roofs will allow rain to flow into a guttering system placed within the steel structure on the edge of each component. The guttering shall link to allow the rain to drain away at the edge of the building.

Precedent Toyo Ito’s Serpentine Pavilion from 2002 (London) shows overlapping triangular systems to create the framework.

Sectional Perspective facing south. Final Iteration 1:50 at front Precedent Renzo Piano’s Menil Collection (Houston, USA 1982-86) features a Shading system which started my process of looking into roof structures.

13035834 Robert Goacher

This sectional Perspective helps to visualise the building. It cuts through the understairs area, the handlemaking and CNC’ing area.

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Elevations

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^ N t rke

tio va Ele

ts en

esid al R Loc

t rke

e caf

n tio va Ele

t ran

u sta Re

y tor

c Fa ife Kn

sch ts/ en

sid

e al r loc

Market

Local Residents/School Cafe

Market

Local Residents

Restaurant

Elevation looking West 1:200

These elevations show how the building sits within the Catania landscape, the elevations above indicate where the knives are used within the community. The section above also shows glimpses of the interior of the building.

Elevation looking South 1:200

Model Photos I also explored the building in the landscape by using a model.

n uth tio So va ng Ele oki Lo

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n t tio as va g E Ele okin Lo

^ N External Perspective facing south 1:50 at front

Elevation looking east 1:100

13035834 Robert Goacher

Elevation looking south 1:100

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