Engineering today 48 by arthouse

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Contents

Issue No.48 l Aeronautica ultural l Biomedical ral Agric iar Mine l Aeronauticaanical Chem ultura uter Nucle l Mech ical Civil are Comp Mineral Agricl Biomedica anical Chem inability autica nics Softw Nuclear l Mech Civil Susta ical ical ical Photoare Computer ultural Aeronl Biomedica n Electr ity Desig Electronics ral Agricl Aeronautica Softw Biomechan anical Chem l Mech and ms Systems Sustainabil Photonics Nuclear Mine ultura uter ical CivilDesign Electrical onics Systeical ral Agricautical Biomedica Electronics echanical l Chem ar Mine ity echan ical and Systems Biom Software Comp and Electr n Electr uter Nucle ultural Aeron l Mechanica nics Sustainabil n Electrical Systems Biom Software ity Desig and Electronics ical Photo nics Desig are CompMineral Agric l Biomedica ical Civil ar echan ical ar l Chem Sustainability and Electronics ical Photo uter Nucle autica Sustainabil nics Softw ral echan are Comp ical ical Civil ity Design Electr Systems Biomical Photo Computer Nucleultural 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September 2014 www.coe.org.mt

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Cover Image

From the Editor

From the President

Previous Editor Engineer John Pace Memoir

Design of a Brain-Controlled Music Player Application

Real-Time Loudness Control for IP-based SPTS and MPTS streams

MEMS Microphone Design

Development of model to evaluate fully re-configurable antennas

SmartCity Malta: Commitment to Sustainability and Society

SmartCity Malta - All Systems Integrated

Book Synopsis: Dingli Radar

The 25th Edition of the University of Malta Final Year Engineering Projects Exhibition

MCAST EXPO Hands on Learning, Exhibits and Workshops

MCAST EXPO Institute for Building and Construction Engineering

The University of Malta Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Projects Exhibition

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© Chamber of Engineers 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Chamber of Engineers – Malta. Opinions expressed in Engineering Today are not necessarily those of the Chamber of Engineers – Malta. All care has been taken to ensure truth and accuracy, but the Editorial Board cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions in the articles, pictographs or illustrations.

Engineers have developed a new form of low-power wireless sensing technology that lets users "train" their smartphones to recognize and respond to specific hand gestures near the phone.

Editor Dr. Inġġ. Brian Azzopardi Eur. Ing.

Editorial Board Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing. Inġġ. Pierre Ciantar Prof. Dr. Inġ. Robert Ghirlando Chamber of Engineers, Professional Centre, Sliema Road,Gzira, GZR 1633, Malta Tel: +356 2133 4858 Fax: +356 2134 7118 Email: info@coe.org.mt Web: www.coe.org.mt

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From the editor Dear Readers I feel really pleased and honoured to introduce myself as the incoming Editor-in-Chief of the Engineering Today, publication of the Chamber of Engineers (CoE). When The CoE President Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing. told me that the CoE had appointed me in this position, two thoughts came to my mind. The first one: even trying to be as good as the late Inġ. John Pace has been in this position is a tremendous responsibility for me. In this issue Inġ. John Pace is being remembered by his colleague and friend Inġ. Emmanuel Zammit on page 9. The second thought brought me back to the beginning of my engineering career, when I first joined the CoE as a student member. To me, a young and inexperienced guy, the CoE was a sort of mythological entity, with overwhelming energy in engineering fields. Not even in my most optimistic moments could I imagine one day I would serve in this position. Looking back to that time, I realise how much we have progressed from technology and scientific advances to engineering applications we are now all surrounded by, that facilitate our lives on a second by second basis. I would like to take this opportunity to introduce the new Associates Editors: Inġ. Pierre Ciantar, Tethys Oil Supplies and Services Limited of M. Demajo Group, and Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing., CoE President and SmartCity Malta Facilities Manager, who together with Prof. Dr. Inġ. Robert Ghirlando, previous Editorial Board member, from the University of Malta, and myself will form the new Engineering Today Editorial Board. The Engineering Today magazine has progressed and improved. Sincere apologies for this late issue due to circumstances beyond the control of the Editorial Boards and the CoE Councils. I will spend time and energy to make sure that the overall quality of Engineering

Today will improve through a timely and strict review process, driven by the most competent and meticulous Associate Editors, and assigned to competent Reviewers, whose comments will invaluably help Authors to improve their articles. In fact, the first initiative we embarked on is the setting-up of an online submission format and a guideline template to help build your article. These are available from the website of the CoE, http://coe.org.mt/publications. The submission process is maybe less romantic, but much more efficient. The Magazine’s continuing value will, of course, depend entirely on your contributions, please refer to page 24 for Call for Authors! All this can be achieved through constant feedback from our readers. So, please, do not hesitate to contact me with your comments, complaints and suggestions. They will surely help us in making this Magazine more and more useful and desirable. Engineering Today has always exhibited the multi-disciplinary fields in Engineering and the commitment of the CoE towards our profession. And this issue is no less! I encourage you to read the CoE President’s address with up-todate information on events and initiatives that the CoE is embarking on. Keeping abreast of developments in computer interface is challenging because the landscape simply keeps expanding. The first article in this Engineering Today issue highlights the achievements presented at the 6th International IEEE/EMBS Neural Engineering Conference in San Diego on a brain controlled music player by a team of researchers at the University of Malta. The second and third articles are related to the quality of experience of an audio signal and the study of a MEMS microphone design.

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From the Editor (cont.)

In the fourth article Dr. Inġ. Joseph Zammit and Dr. Inġ. Adrian Muscat explore the potential contribution of a pixel patch antenna on mobile devices. The project described had developed an algorithm that compared its overall efficiency to other antenna configurations. The fifth and sixth articles share a degree of commonality inasmuch as they both describe aspects of SmartCity Malta. In the fifth article, Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing., makes a case for sustianability. In the sixth article, Inġ. Simon Abela from Engineering for Science and Industry Malta Ltd., discusses the attributes of the SmartCity Malta Building Management System. This issue includes also a number of advertorials such as from the Bank of Valletta with useful information for our readers among others. Book reviews always provide useful and often stimulating reading material. In this issue Major Anthony Abela provides us with a synopsis of his book “Malta's Early Warning System during World War II”.

Similarly the covering of national events in the engineering arena provides a common ground for discussion and preparations for the year ahead. In this issue the University of Malta Engineering, and Information and Computer Technology Faculties as well as MCAST EXPO projects’ exhibitions are presented. On this note I would like to encourage nominations as well as possible Engineering Today related articles for the 2014 Malta Engineering Excellence Awards, refer to page 44. You may refer to the 2013 Awards on http://coe.org.mt/in-the-press. Let me now conclude with a warm thank you to the late Inġ. John Pace for the wonderful job he has done; he will be missed. Let me thank the CoE for having appointed me to this challenging position. Let me also thank the wonderful team of the previous Editorial Board for their hard, and mostly obscure work. They have most of the merit for the present quality of this magazine. ET

Editor Biography Brian Azzopardi,

was born in Pieta, Malta, in 1980, and raised in Birkirkara. He received the B.Eng. (Hons.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Malta in 2002. From 2002 to 2005, he worked as an Engineer at Enemalta Corporation. In 2005 he joined the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST) as Assistant Lecturer at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. In 2005 he received the engineering warrant and in 2007 the Eur. Ing. title from FEANI. Between 2007 and 2010 he pursued a Ph.D. at The University of Manchester. In 2011 was appointed as Senior Lecturer at Oxford Brookes University and in 2012 was appointed as Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania. Azzopardi has held a number of visiting senior academic appointments and expertise roles locally and internationally and recently rejoined MCAST as Senior Lecturer II. He holds two certificates in further and higher education respectively, two other engineering titles and senior/honorary/member of another four international professional bodies.

Dr. Inġ. Brian Azzopardi Eur. Ing. The Editor, Engineering Today, Chamber of Engineers

September 2014

Issue No. 48

From the President Dear Colleagues, This edition of our flagship publication Engineering Today is being issued late after the shocking news of the passing away of our esteemed colleague and friend as well as former editor Inġ. John Pace. Our sincere condolences go to his family. We welcome on board the new editor Dr. Inġ. Brian Azzopardi Eur. Ing. and thank him for coming forward to take up the commitment of steering forward this publication. This edition is also being issued after the Annual General Meeting that was held towards the end of February as required by the statute. This year was the second year where the voting process was once again sustained by a postal voting system that yielded a larger participation from the members with the result that the Council better reflects the preferences of the CoE warranted members. The newly elected Council salutes the outgoing members who had contributed on the Council in the past years and thanks them for their valid work. Our commitment as the new Council is to continue to sustain the good work done and to venture on new initiatives that are beneficial to our members and our profession. The new Council has already met several times since the election during the routine council meetings which are being held every second and every fourth Wednesday of the month. We have also had a special session dedicated to the development of strategies for the Chamber that are intended to address the following main branches of the profession: Amendments to the Statue: A committee was setup to analyse the statue and propose amendments following the approval of a motion during the AGM. The committee concluded its work and an EGM was setup for the purpose of review and approving or otherwise the proposed amendments. The EGM took place on the 30th August at SmartCity Malta in Building SCM 01 conference facilities where the proposed amendments were discussed,changed as per discussion and passed by majority voting. Ethics and the engineering profession: Any professional is defined by his/her actions within the social environment. This behaviour is

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governed by ethics. The present Code of Ethics that is referred to in the Engineering Act was compiled by Council members of the Chamber and forwarded to the Engineering Board for adoption. The new Council has ventured a step further by setting up an Ethics and Disciplinary Committee composed from members whose life experience is an example for many of us. The members of the present committee are: Prof. Dr. Inġ. Robert Ghirlando, Prof. Dr. Inġ. Victor Buttigieg, Inġ. Helga Pizzuto, Inġ. Pierre Ciantar and Inġ. Alex Galea who also represents the Council on this committee. The terms of reference of this committee are: 1. To monitor the ethical behaviour within the profession; 2. To uphold the Code of Ethics; 3. To assist and give advice to members of the Chamber on problems encountered in the Industry or Society that could potentially lead to a breach of Ethics by the member in the execution of a particular task; 4. To recommend to Council to take disciplinary action as necessary against any member of the Chamber; 5. To recommend to Council to report to the Engineering Board those cases which do not fall within its competence. Issuance of new degrees in the Engineering fields from MCAST and other Institutions: As promised, the Chamber is closely following the ongoing discussions between MCAST and the Engineering Board with regards to the recognition of the degrees issued by MCAST for the purpose of qualification to the engineering warrant. The Chamber has met several times informally and once formally with the Board to follow up on this process. There have been several exchanges of views on the matter and the Engineering Board had requested formally MCAST to submit the detailed syllabi of the degrees for a full and proper evaluation to ensure a level playing field with regards to the issuance of degrees from any institution including the new format of the degrees being issued by the University of Malta. These documents are now in hand with the Engineering Board and undergoing review.

We shall update our members on the progress made as advised by the Engineering Board due to the sensitive nature of the ongoing discussions. Professional development of Engineers: The introduction of the Services Directive by EU and the Professional Qualification Directive will make it mandatory for all professions to have a Continuous Professional Development system in place and introduced in the Maltese laws. The Chamber of Engineers acknowledges the importance of this matter and is discussing this internally and with the Malta Federation of Professional Associations (MFPA). Members will be kept updated with major developments. The Chamber of Engineers is also dedicated to ensure that its Members are well prepared for such a change expected in the coming years. Approach towards relevant Authorities and hence the contribution of Engineers in Society: Engineers with their ingenuity have brought about progress and development within Society. The Council believes that the Chamber through its members can act as a catalyst to sustain this development of Society at large. Therefore the new Council will work to increase the presence of Engineers in relevant Authorities in a medium term plan. Malta Engineering Excellence Awards: On the 29th November 2013 the Palace of the President of the Republic of Malta hosted the Malta Engineering Excellence Awards (MEEA). These awards had been created to provide national recognition to individuals and/or organisations who have achieved outstanding engineering accomplishments that have had significant impact on engineering in Maltese society. This year the Council is planning once again this initiative and further details will be announced in the next issue of this publication. Other issues: There are several other issues that the Chamber is closely monitoring through the council and these include amongst others, the introduction of the European Professional Card. In the international sphere we have kept our presence through the hard work of our International Affairs Secretary Prof. Dr. Inġ. Paul Micallef.

This included the ratification of the initiative focused on creating the Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation between Engineering Organisations including the Arab and North Africa Engineering Organisations around the Mediterranean basin (EAMC). The aims of this Co-operation between the Engineering Associations of Mediterranean Countries (EAMC) are: 1. Establishment of a network to facilitate the free movement of engineers in the Mediterranean area; Exchange of information on national engineering education and professional systems; Contributions to international surveys and reports including the UNESCO Global Engineering Assessment project. 2. Establishment of Technical Committees on thematic topics of interest to the Mediterranean Area in collaboration with the WFEO Standing Committees of relevance: promotion of sustainable and renewable energies, energy efficient lighting, and ecofriendly designs. 3. Sharing and transferring innovative technologies in particular those related to safe water and sanitation, water-recycling systems and waste treatment. 4. Safeguarding of the cultural and social heritage; promotion, restoration and renovation of the built environment. 5. Climate change adaptation of infrastructure 6. A tough task lies ahead of us during this administrative year and as a Council we are ready for the challenge and would like to thank all those members who have offered to contribution towards the Chamber’s operations for the benefit of our profession. We cannot do this as a Council alone. ET

Wish you all the best.

Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing. President, Chamber of Engineers

September 2014

Issue No. 48

Previous Editor Engineer John Pace Memoir passed away on Thursday 19th June 2014

by Emmanuel Zammit

Born on the 4th December 1944 at Mtarfa hospital, he was brought up at Hamrun. After attending the Lyceum at Hamrun, he studied for his A levels at the Technical Secondary School in Paola. In 1963 he enrolled at the University as a student for the first electrical engineering degree course in Malta. After graduation, in 1966 he joined Enemalta and was on the Enemalta books till he reached retirement age. During a career spanning 40 years, he gave his contribution to the generation and distribution of electrical energy in Malta.

After his retirement in 2006, his energy was dedicated to the Jesuit’s Refugee Centre and the Chamber of Engineers. His editing of the Chamber’s journal is a manifestation of John’s energy and dedication. He is bereaved by his wife May, his children, their in-laws, family and numerous friends. ET

During these years John was always loyal to the Corporation and his colleagues. His determination to solve technical problems was confirmed when in 1986 he suffered severe burns when operating switch-gear. He was always ready to help others, never left problems pending and when in the beginning of his career he was always on time for shift change even when not paid extra for night duty.

The electricals, from left or from right Joe Galea, Tom Cusens, Victor Sciberras, Antione Riolo, John Pace

After giving his service for a number of years in the generation section, he carried on his professional work in the distribution section for about 4 years, before returning back to the generation section. His early career in the generation section was mainly in the maintenance section. In 1992 he was appointed Generation Manager responsible for the generation of electricity in Malta. During this period John showed his professional ability being responsible for both Marsa and Delimara power stations. In the 2003 John was assigned the additional duties of coordinating Malta’s requirements vis-a-vis the Energy Chapter as a preparation for Malta’s accession to EU membership.

The electricals, from left or from right Ronald Azzopardi Caffari, Victor Sciberras, John Pace, Tom Cusens, Joe Galea and Emanuel Zammit

Inġ. Emmanuel Zammit

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Design of a Brain-Controlled Music Player Application by Rosanne Zerafa, Tracey Camilleri, Owen Falzon, Kenneth Camilleri

Abstract This article presents a real-time braincomputer interface (BCI) system developed at the Department of Systems and Control Engineering at the University of Malta. The BCI developed as a Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s project by Rosanne Zerafa, supervised by Dr. Tracey Camilleri and Dr. Owen Falzon, operates by translating electrical brain activity into commands to control a music player application. The system is based on the neurophysiological phenomena known as steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which are electrical potentials evoked in the occipital region of the brain in response to repetitive visual stimulation. The system gave classification accuracies of over 86.29% and with an information transfer rate of 34.11 bits per minute, highlighting the potential of using such BCI systems as an assistive application for people suffering from motor impairments. Introduction A brain-computer interface (BCI) system creates a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer by issuing commands to specific equipment based on the brain activity of an individual [1]. BCI technology relies on the acquisition of electrical signals generated by billions of neurons inside the brain. The electrical activity that arises from these neurons can be detected and recorded non-invasively from the scalp through an electroencephalogram (EEG) by means of metal electrodes placed at specific locations on the scalp. In a BCI system, the EEG signal recorded from the user is processed to extract reliable features. These features are then mapped into computer based commands to control specific equipment without using the peripheral neuromuscular system. The signals recorded using a BCI system are the result of brain activity from numerous, simultaneous mental tasks and through the

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intelligent analysis of these signals, specific mental states may be detected. Certain neurophysiological phenomena result in particularly distinctive brain signals that make them more suitable as control signals for BCI systems. These phenomena include signals such as those arising in response to specific visual stimuli or from imagined limb movements. System Development The developed BCI system is based on steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) which are electrical potentials evoked in the brain in response to repetitive visual stimuli. This response is exhibited as oscillatory neural activity at the fundamental frequency and harmonics of the flickering visual stimulus, and it is prominent in the occipital region of the brain [2, 3]. This BCI exploits the SSVEP response by creating a number of visual stimuli flashing at specific frequencies where each visual stimulus is associated with a particular command of the music player.

Figure 1 - A subject wearing an EEG scalp cap having electrodes placed over the occipital region of the brain where the SSVEP is expected to be evoked in response of the flickering stimulus.

A command is activated by focusing oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention on a particular stimulus while EEG is recorded over the occipital region as shown

in Figure 1. The BCI system is designed to extract reliable features and detect the SSVEP thus determining the stimulus that the user intended to select. The system then executes the command linked to that particular stimulus. A scientific investigation was conducted to investigate the influence of various stimulus characteristics on the detection of the SSVEP and to determine the optimal subject-specific parameters to enhance the performance of SSVEP-based BCIs. The SSVEP obtained for the two most common types of stimuli that are typically used to evoke SSVEPs, namely the plain and checkerboard stimuli as shown in Figure 2, were compared at different stimulation frequencies.

EEG data, process it and translate it into a particular command to control the music player application. Various factors were considered when designing the music player application including its performance, practicality, userfriendliness and reliability. The user-friendly design of the music player is based on typical smart phone application designs integrated with flickering stimuli that evoke SSVEPs. The application features a library view in which the user can navigate through a list of songs, select a particular song to play and increase or decrease the volume solely by focusing on a target stimulus. The BCI system works in an asynchronous, or self-paced mode, thus giving

The results from the scientific study led to the design and implementation of a real-time SSVEP-based music player in which various visual stimuli flickering at specific frequencies, each associated with a particular command, are presented to the user as shown in Figure 3. (a)

(b)

Figure 2 - (a) A plain stimulus flickering between the two on and off states; (b) A checkerboard stimulus alternating between the two checkerboard patterns.

The user selects a command by focusing his attention on the corresponding stimulus. The BCI system thus has to continuously acquire

the user total control of the application as commands can be issued at oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own free will, independent of any cues. Six simultaneously occurring stimuli can be distinguished by the system, ensuring a high information transfer rate. In addition it was essential to include an idle state to enable the system to distinguish between intended and non-intended control signals, allowing the user to look at the music player without issuing a command.

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Design of a Brain-Controlled Music Player Application (cont.)

Results The results of the scientific investigation presented at the 6th International IEEE/EMBS Neural Engineering Conference in San Diego in 2013 [4] showed stronger SSVEP responses and a statistically significant increase in classification accuracy with a plain stimulus than with a checkerboard pattern stimulus. This was true for all the different stimulation frequencies tested between 6.67Hz and 15.00Hz. This can be clearly observed from Figure 4 which shows the subjectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; average SSVEP response for two of the stimulation frequencies presented to the subjects for the plain stimulus experiments and the checkerboard stimulus experiments. The study also demonstrated that several parameters including the stimulation frequency, the length of EEG data segment and the signal electrode configuration have a significant influence on the performance of SSVEP detection. A great inter-subject variability dependent on these parameters was also observed. This study thus served to determine optimal subject-specific parameters that overcome inter-subject variability and enhance the performance of the BCI system. (a)

(b)

Figure 4 The averaged SSVEP response of the subjects when presented by plain and checkerboard stimuli flickering at (a) 8.57 Hz and (b) 10.00 Hz. The spectra display clearly visible responses at the fundamental, second and third harmonics for the plain stimulus (blue plot).

The performance of the complete SSVEP-based BCI music player was evaluated by conducting experimental sessions in the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta. Subjects testing the BCI system achieved reliable control of the music player, reaching an overall information transfer rate of 34.11 bits per minute. The average classification accuracy achieved by the subjects using the BCI in real-time was of 100%, 100% and 72.42% when presented by two, four and six stimuli simultaneously respectively. The performance of the system decreased as the number of stimuli presented simultaneously to the user increased since other stimuli adjacent to the target stimulus may interfere with the SSVEP response. The music player application was demonstrated in an open-air environment in the presence of a reasonably sized audience at the Maltaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Science & Art Festival in September 2013. Although the performance of the application was not quantified, the errors were minimal

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Design of a Brain-Controlled Music Player Application (cont.)

and the subject had good control of the music player. This successful experience augurs well to the use of this SSVEP-based BCI application outside the laboratory. Conclusion In conclusion, a brain controlled music player based on SSVEPs has been developed in which the user has total control of the application. This represents the first demonstration of a BCI system operating efficiently in real-time in Malta. The developed BCI is used to control a music player application, however the same concept can be extended to various other applications and further research is currently being undertaken with other assisted living applications in mind. Although BCI systems are today seen as an emerging technology applicable to people with severe motor control restrictions, this technology may one day become commonplace, significantly changing the way in which we use and control devices around us. Acknowledgments This work was carried out in the context of an M.Sc. in Engineering at the University of Malta. The degree was carried out following the award of a STEPS scholarship, which is part-financed by the European Union – European Social Fund (ESF) under Operational Programme II – Cohesion Policy 2007-2013, “Empowering People for More Jobs and a Better Quality of Life”. ET References 1.

3. 4.

J. R. Wolpaw, N. Birbaumer, D. J. McFarland, G. Pfurtscheller, and T. M. Vaughan, "Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control," Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 113, pp. 767791, 2002. F.-B. Vialatte, M. Maurice, J. Dauwels, and A. Cichocki, "Steadystate visually evoked potentials: Focus on essential paradigms and future perspectives," Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 90, pp. 418-438, 2010. D. Zhu, J. Bieger, G. Garcia Molina, and R. M. Aarts, "A Survey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-Based BCIs," Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2010. R. Zerafa, T. Camilleri, O. Falzon, K. P. Camilleri, “Comparison of Plain and Checkerboard Stimuli for Brain Computer Interfaces based on Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials”, in Neural Engineering (NER), 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on, San Diego, California, 2013.

Authors Ms. Rosanne Zerafa, obtained her B.Eng.(Hons) degree and M.Sc. in Engineering from the University of Malta in 2012 and 2013, respectively. She is currently a systems engineer with the Centre for Biomedical Cybernetics at the University of Malta. Her research interests include EEG signal processing and the development of braincomputer interfaces for biomedical applications. Dr. Tracey Camilleri,

graduated with a B.Eng.(Hons) degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Malta in 2004 and has completed her PhD degree in the field of biomedical signal processing from the same university in 2012. She is currently a lecturer with the Department of Systems and Control Engineering at the University of Malta and her research interests include signal processing, analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and brain computer interfacing.

Dr. Owen Falzon,

obtained his B.Eng.(Hons) degree from the University of Malta in 2006, and his Ph.D. from the same university in 2012. He is currently employed as a resident academic with the Centre for Biomedical Cybernetics at the University of Malta. His research interests include the development and application of signal and image processing techniques primarily for biomedical applications.

Prof. Dr. Kenneth P. Camilleri, graduated with a B.Elec.Eng. (Hons) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Malta and received the M.Sc. in Signal Processing and Machine Intelligence degree and Ph.D. in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition in 1994 and 1999, respectively, from the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. He is currently the Head of the Department of Systems and Control Engineering and Director of the Centre for Biomedical Cybernetics at the University of Malta. Professor Camilleri’s research interests include machine vision, thermal image analysis, and biomedical engineering, in particular brain signal analysis applied to the diagnosis of brain diseases and to brain-computer interfacing.

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Real-Time Loudness Control for IP-based SPTS and MPTS streams by Roberto Drago

Loudness control is the process of analysing and manipulating the audio components in a digital stream with the aim of maintaining the average loudness as consistent as possible together with providing a better Quality of Experience. This is directed at obtaining an averaged loudness level over a pre-defined time-window throughout the whole duration of the audio signal. This is very different from the older technique of peak normalisation since the algorithm does not work by equating the amplitude of each sample. The real challenge of this technique is typically encountered in the broadcasting domain whereby the audio signal is now known a priori. The standard therefore defines an allowance of Âą1LU (Loudness Unit, where 1LU represents 1dB) over the -23LUFS standard (Loudness Units, reference to the Digital Full Scale). Unfortunately, the standard defined by the EBU (European Broadcasting Union) also aims to obtain an approximate daily loudness average amongst all the channels. The loudness bursts, which may, for example occur as part of some loud commercial, are not affected in this scenario. Thus, this standard only shifts all loudness values for a 24 hour period based on statistics collected from the previous 24 hours. The research performed as part of thesis, extends on this, and strives to perform correction in real-time. This correction is mostly attributed to loudness jumps that occur over very short periods. This correction is performed using the techniques of Audio Compression, Kernel Density Estimation, Peak Detectors, Crest factor Detectors and RMS comparators in as little input-to-output delay as much as possible.

threshold with a set ratio according to the defined attack times and release times. The study by [9] was extended in this research paper to be used on gated loudness values instead of PCM sample values. The crest factor is a measurement that gives an indication of the short-term changes of a signal, known as the transience of the signal. This measurement is used for an auto-attack and auto-release calculation to be eventually used with the smoothing functions of compression. This is computed by using a Peak detector and a root-mean-square (RMS) detector, with the peak detector typically configured with tAtt=0s (to effectively catch all the hard transients), while the tRel of the peak detector configured to be equal to the t of the RMS detector. The crest factor can then be found by dividing the output of the first branch by the output of the RMS detector in the second branch. Kernel Density estimation is a method by which the probability density function (PDF) of a sample is estimated. This technique gives results similar to the results obtained by a histogram, yet it is able to fit a smooth polynomial on the data presented as input. This PDF calculation is necessary to obtain a measure of the range of loudness over a predefined amount of time.

Audio compression is a method widely used in audio engineering as a means to compress audio that overshoots above a pre-determined

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Real-Time Loudness Control for IP-based SPTS and MPTS streams (cont.)

Figure 1 Performance of Real-Time and Service Loudness Correction Processors

These statistics are later used to perform. The final work-flow for the real-time process involves two main algorithms. One that is run hourly, and another that is run with every new gated loudness value, that is, once every 1s as per the standard. The first algorithm is responsible for gathering the gated loudness values for the last hour, whilst calculating statistics on the hour to extract the PDF estimate for the loudness on that previous hour, together with the thresholds for eventual compression. The second algorithm is responsible for immediate direct response on the present loudness. If the new gated loudness value is too low or too high when compared to the thresholds defined by the compression and the RMS comparator flow of the loudness on that channel, this algorithm corrects to maintain a smooth changing loudness Conclusion The main research involved adapting the standards released by the ITU and the EBU to measure the subjective loudness, and define corrections necessary at intervals of 24 hours with a 0.5 LU limit of correction step-size. This was extended by adding a processor which keeps the loudness as consistent as possible in real-time without introducing artefacts and influencing the artistic production and the necessary correction and smoothing of values

that lie outside specific ranges. purpose of the composed and/or selected music. This real-time processor was specifically designed to normalise loud components within an audio stream, such as, loud commercials. The correction stepsizes within the real time processor were not limited as in the standard recommendations. This is necessary to allow more freedom and have less rigidity in the correction factors, and can be done since the corrections necessary are already smoothed by the use of long RMS windows. Thus, the final effect of the long-term and real-time processors gives a better enduser QoE, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Additionally, the overall system processing delay was found to be approximately equal to 24.2 ms, including the MPEG TS de-multiplexing, audio correction, re-multiplexing and delivery. This short period of time would not hinder the introduction of such a system in a TV broadcasting head-end. The numerous advantages brought about by this system are worth the minimal delay. ET Acknowledgment

The research work disclosed in this publication is partially funded by the Strategic Educational Pathways Scholarship (Malta). This Scholarship is part-financed by the European Union – European Social Fund (ESF) under Operational Programme II – Cohesion Policy 2007-2013, “Empowering People for More Jobs and a Better Quality Of Life”.

Mr. Roberto Drago

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Issue No. 48

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MEMS Microphone Design by Ryan Grixti

The most commonly found microphone (refer to Figure 1), known as the electret condenser microphone (ECM), has been used all around the world in different acoustic applications ranging from headsets to cellular phones. MEMS microphones have features which help in overcoming the limits of the traditional ECM microphonesÂ [1]. In fact, during the last decade a substantial increase in the research on MEMS microphones occurred due to their advantages, mainly their small-form factor as well as the low temperature effects on the performance of the device. MEMS microphones offer better acoustic performance and more importantly are able to be part of a re-flow soldering process in standard integrated circuit foundries. This in turn helps to mass produce the microphones, thus reducing cost and improving profit. As from 2003, the first types of MEMS microphones were introduced in cellular phones and these were equipped with analogue signal conditioning circuitry. Another problem addressed by MEMS microphones was the ability to rectify or eliminate noise sources. Noise sources are vast, and include radio frequency, mechanical and also electromagnetic noise sources. In order to improve the sound quality, nowadays, computer applications make use of several microphones in order to reduce or eliminate noise. Traditional ECM microphones are not suited for such computer applications since the device-to-device matching performance of such microphones varies quite appreciably. MEMS microphones however, offer a more consistent performance, even from wafer-to-wafer devicesÂ [2]. The disadvantages of ECM also extend further than the device-to-device performance mismatch. The materials and mechanical structures (the diaphragm and the plastic chassis), used in the traditional ECM microphones, cannot withstand high

September 2014

Issue No. 48

temperatures and this makes ECM microphones sensitive to temperature processes. In fact, ECM microphones are typically assembled using a soldering iron set around 300Â BC, with the heat applied to the terminals, for not more than a few seconds. This inhibits the used of standard re-flow soldering processing used to mass produce the integrated devices including their electrical circuit counterpart. On the other hand, MEMS microphones can withstand high temperatures which are associated with such re-flow soldering processes. This also makes MEMS microphones cheaper to produce than the traditional hand-assembled ECM microphones [2]. Due to their small size and better performance, portable computers and cellular devices are making use of digital and analogue MEMS microphones. More recently, the use of MEMS microphones in laptops and mobiles have even moved to arrays of multiple digital MEMS microphones which help reduce noise, and are integrated with the camera of voice over IP communications. The use of multiple MEMS microphones in portable devices, medical equipment for those with impaired hearing and also headsets, made it possible to produce over one billion MEMS Microphones in 2013.

Figure 1 (a) Electret Condenser Microphone and (b) MEMS Microphone.

gauges in a Wheatstone bridge fashion help to reduce or eliminate this problem.

Figure 2 Proposed MEMS microphone with packagedefined back‑chamber volume.

Figure 3 MEMS Microphone Fabrication Model (PolyMUMPs).

The microphone is a form of pressure sensor. Over the years several ways have been developed to detect changes in the air pressure. All existing methods are based on quantifying the vibration of a diaphragm with respect to the pressure variations. There are three types of sensing methods: piezoelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive. The highest noise levels are usually present in piezoelectric sensors. An advantage is that their design is simple, but they exhibit a low sensitivity and rather large diaphragm. A major advantage of piezoresistive sensors is the location of piezoresistive gauges deposited on a diaphragm which results in a high sensitivity. A disadvantage of piezoresistive sensors is that any changes in the temperature affect severely their performance. However, some designs such as the arrangement of the

The third type of MEMS microphone sensing technique is based on the capacitive principle. This method is the most viable to the microphone industry since it can operate in typical microphone applications and detect very low pressures produced by the human voice and musical instruments. The capacitive microphone usually has a rather large diaphragm and is packaged with a pre-amplifier on the same chip. This helps in reducing the overall noise of the microphone. The fabrication process of the capacitive microphone is quite complex. An advantage of capacitive microphone is the high sensitivity to sound pressure and the fact that the sensitivity is not temperature dependent. A disadvantage of capacitive microphones is that at high frequencies, the sensitivity is reduced due to the low-pass filtering effect caused by the thin gap between the parallel plate capacitor and also due to the presence of acoustic holes [3, 4]. Recently the Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics at the University of Malta performed a feasibility study of a MEMS microphone design using the PolyMUMPs process [5]. This research work was funded through a scholarship scheme offered by ST‑Microelectronics, Malta and was coinvestigated by Prof. Ivan Grech, Dr Inġ. Owen Casha, Mr Jean Marie Darmanin, Prof. Inġ. Edward Gatt and Prof. Inġ. Joseph Micallef. The scope of this research was to underline the design issues of MEMS microphones and presents a test case designed using the PolyMUMPs process with an additional backetch processing step. Both circular and square (simply supported and clamped) diaphragm designs were considered. The effect of the back chamber volume and temperature variation on the microphone sensitivity was also investigated.

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MEMS Microphone Design (cont.)

The finalised design is based on the clamped square diaphragm with a bottom sound port (refer to Figure 2). The bias voltage is 6 V and the diaphragm has a side-length of 675 µm. The back plate includes several holes which amount to a perforation ratio of 0.33 (refer to Figure 3). The maximum allowable input pressure before pull in is 139 dB SPL. The microphone with a back-chamber volume of 6 mm3 has a sensitivity of 8.4 mV/Pa at 94 dB SPL at 1 kHz. The complete package size with the ASIC included is targeted to be 3x2.5x1 mm,

assuming that the ASIC is of a comparable size to that of the MEMS sensor. ET References 1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

“International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors”, 2011 Edition, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) [Online] http://www.itrs.net/Links/2011ITRS/2011Chapters/2 011MEMS.pdf. “Akustica Microphone Backgrounder”, Akustica Bosch Group, 2011, [Online] http://www.akustica.com Mohamed Gad-el-Hak. The MEMS Handbook: Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006, pp. 41-52 Sessler G.: “Acoustic Sensors”, Sensors Actuators A, 1991, 2527, pp. 323-330. Grixti R., Grech I., Casha O., Gatt E., Darmanin J.M. and Micallef J.: 'Feasibility Study of a MEMS Microphone Design using the PolyMUMPs Process, Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS Symposium (DTIP 2014), Cannes Côte d'Azur, France, April 2014

Mr Ryan Grixti graduated with a B.Sc. in Communications and Computer Engineering from the University of Malta in 2011. He furthered his studies at the Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics at the University of Malta and obtained an M.Sc. in Microelectronics and Microsystems in 2013. Mr Grixti currently works with a major worldwide semiconductor company in the field of MEMS.

Development of model to evaluate fully re-configurable antennas by Joseph Zammit, Adrian Muscat

The services being offered on mobile devices are rapidly increasing. In addition to a number of mobile telephony protocols (2G,3G and LTE) a mobile device may have a GPS receiver, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability and Near Field Communications (NFC) hardware. Each of these services uses a separate RF band to communicate. The design of an antenna or set of antennas to fulfill these conditions is difficult especially when considering the size of some mobile devices on the market. Furthermore the frequency bands used in different regions in the world are non-standard and hence the device may not be able to operate everywhere. One of the potential solutions that addresses these issues is the pixel patch antenna. The pixel patch antenna is a planar antenna that consists of a large number of small metallic pixels that form the building blocks of the antenna form, figure 1. The pixels, normally supported on a substrate with a permittivity Îľr, are connected to each other by switches, for example MEM switches, and are switched on and off by the control electronics so as to change the form of the antenna. Such a structure could be made to resonate at virtually any frequency by changing the patch shape of the antenna. However the large Figure 1

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Issue No. 48

Development of model to evaluate fully re-configurable antennas (cont.)

number of pixels present in the structure pose a problem of finding a combination of pixels to resonate at a particular frequency. A second challenge is to evaluate the antenna parameters rapidly when searching through a large number of candidates. The first challenge is partially solved through the use of search algorithms. Several Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques could be used to reduce the search space and result in a more efficient search. These are the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Shape Grammar. The aim of this project was to investigate the second problem, of researching a method to evaluate the antenna properties in an efficient manner. There are various models used to analyze the properties of an antenna ranging from the simple transmission line model and the cavity model to the full wave models using the Integral Equation technique. Simple models such as the transmission line model do not capture all the features of the antenna that need to be modeled while at the extreme end full wave models are very complex and take a long time to evaluate. The planar circuit technique assumes that the fields present in the planar structure only have a two dimensional variation i.e. the fields are constant through the height h of the structure hence the model of the antenna becomes computationally efficient to analyze. In the

analysis of antennas this technique applies the cavity model which is then extended to the analysis of arbitrary shaped planar antennas. An algorithm was developed to read a pixel patch antenna configuration from a file and cast the Switched On pixels in a form that could be analyzed by the pixel patch antenna model. In this model the pixels are assumed to be directly connected to each other and hence reduce the computational complexity of the model. The model that was developed could be evaluated at a single frequency or swept through a range of frequencies to find the resonant frequency of the antenna. By careful choice of the algorithms used and their subsequent implementation an efficient model was developed. The model performance was compared to a commercial electro-magnetic solver, CST Microwave studio, to analyze the overall efficiency of the model. It was found that the model was very accurate in its ability to predict the resonant frequency and it was also capable of predicting the input impedance of the antenna to a good degree. This research was carried at the University of Malta, Faculty of ICT, Computer and Communications Engineering Department. ET Dr. InÄĄ. Joseph A. Zammit

Senior Lecturer II, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST)

Prof. Dr. Adrian Muscat

Associate Professor, University of Malta

September 2014

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SmartCity Malta:

Commitment to Sustainability and Society by Norman Zammit

Sustainability is based on the simple principle that everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. Sustainability therefore creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations

While new technologies keep evolving to help complement current practices in creating greener buildings, the common objective is to find ways of reducing the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment. From its inception, SmartCity® had announced plans to adopt globally benchmarked environmentally friendly practices to make its global network of self-sustained business parks highly energy and resource efficient. Indeed, the SmartCity Malta project is committed to sustainable development that will protect its environment and provide its inhabitants with comfortable, productive and healthy places for work and leisure. In fact, SmartCity Malta is the first township development in Malta to register for the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Certification. LEED, developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC), is a certification programme

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for assessing sustainable building design, construction and operation. It comprises of a rating system to evaluate a building’s environmental performance and encourage sustainable design. LEED is credit-based, with projects earning points for environmentally friendly action taken during construction and use of a building. Moreover, it covers all building types and emphasises state-of-theart strategies in five areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials and resources selection and indoor environmental quality. LEED-certified buildings therefore utilise and maximise the use of key resources more efficiently than conventional buildings. SCM01 was the first building in Malta and in SmartCity to be awarded LEED silver certification by the USGBC. SCM02 and SCM03, the two other office blocks now completed, are also in final stage towards official LEED silver certification. The implementation of sustainable features has helped achieve many savings, such as reducing the annual irrigation water consumption by 52.3 per cent and energy consumption by 17.6 per cent. Moreover 10.02 per cent of the total building material and products used have been extracted, harvested and manufactured within 500 miles of the site and 13.97 per cent of that material is comprised exclusively of pre and post-consumer recycled content. Phase Two of SmartCity Malta comprises of four more buildings, including LEED silver-rated SCM02 and SCM03, and the Laguna Walk, the island’s only lagoon district. The lagoon, a manmade, geometric water space, situated at the centre of the Laguna Walk, will be ringed by a shaded, verdant promenade boasting tasteful contemporary architecture. The highlight of the lagoon is one of the island’s largest animated fountains which powers light and music choreographed jets of water into the

clear blue sky, thus typifying the innovation of this dynamic and fun-loving city which can be enjoyed by families and individuals of all ages. The whole Laguna Walk area represents an investment of EUR 30mil available for the enjoyment of the public at large. The laguna sea water feature (fountain) is composed of three rings. The centre ring houses 28 multidirectional jets each with its individual pump and 48 in no. 30m high water shooters. Rings 2 and 3 host between themselves 188 in no. 15m high water shooters. The motion of the sea water is synchronised with preselected music pieces to create a pleasant ambiance that is stimulating to the senses and presents a unique experience to those who watch. SmartCity Malta is and will continue to be constructed in a way as to be highly energy and resource efficient, contributing to an overall reduction in waste and pollution throughout the international work-play-live business park with localized practices. The buildings adapt well to local site conditions which make them flexible and suitable for long-term functionality. Their efficient performance will have a positive effect on the carbon footprint of SmartCity Malta, reducing carbon dioxide emissions generated by daily building operations. On the open grounds there is also the introduction of renewable energy resources

lighting with Car Park SCM 01 equipped with small powered poles while the SmartCity Malta promenade houses a number of hybrid poles that operation of the combination of wind and solar energy. Through the adoption of these sustainable measures the renewable energy sources lighting and LEED-certified buildings of SmartCity Malta save money, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a healthier environment for residents, workers and the community at large. They efficiently use natural resources and make an immediate, positive impact on our planet, which will be of tremendous benefit to future generations. All of these initiatives are testimony to SmartCity Maltaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s green vision and commitment to the environment. The project has set a standard which hopefully other new developments will follow. ET

InÄĄ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing. President Chamber of Engineers Facilities Manager SmartCity Malta

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Issue No. 48

When analysing the current trends in Maltese society for postgraduate achievements, one cannot help but notice the trend for enhancing one’s education with Masters / PhD level of training is continuously on the rise. The choice by Engineers to do an MBA complements the new emerging opportunities from the Engineering Faculty at the University of Malta, because in the current local industry infrastructure, a better understanding of the influences from external entities upon a company and its internal management tools in reacting to such occurrences is very important to the overall success of any company. Any person wishing to invest in his/her career towards a managerial position should consider such similar options. The MBA is structured to give a very good insight of top management decisions and their overall strategy and furthermore supports the individual’s goal to have such objectives, which ultimately are the basic fundamental requirements from every company’s management team. On the market there is a vast selection of MBA courses which one can choose from (both local and foreign). The choice will depend on what the person is looking for, be it cost, recognition or indeed flexibility. In my case I opted for EBS for the flexibility it offers and also because it is recognised locally by the Maltese education system. Briefly the EBS programme consists of 9 modules, 7 of which are compulsory subjects: Accounting, Economics, Project Management, Marketing, Strategic Planning, Finance and Organisational Behaviour. For the

other 2 modules, EBS provides a vast choice of subjects from which one can choose, depending also on possible prospects of the student in relation to his/her career such as, for example, Human Resources Management and Influence. One can also choose to specialize (by studying and completing further modules), and even opt for a doctorate programme (which would require to compliment the studies with a dissertation). I would suggest discussing all the options with the EBS local representatives (MIM) to better understand the offers and choosing the best programme for one’s needs. The system is very simple. Basically as a first step one purchases the module, which effectively registers the person with the university with which the studies on that subject are to commence. Each purchase gives access to the student to an online portal, allowing him/her access to forums related to the subject, online notes and even a possibility to download previous past papers with sample student and examiner answers, which in my opinion is the key to success to achieving a good grade in the subject. The system facilitates the possibility that when a student deems he/she is confident in a particular subject then the person can sit for an exam (at a nominal fee per exam). Exams are held locally in Malta (another plus in my view) and usually a session every 6 months (with possible 3 month one off subjects), but ideally one reviews the timetable of exams (issued much in advance) to plan his/her subject study programme.

take a 6 months break due to other commitments. Another very good option is that, if one passes the first 3 modules, he/she can apply for a Post Graduate Certificate in Administration, 6 modules for a Post Graduate Diploma and 9 modules achieves the Masters Degree. No dissertation is necessary for the Masters program. One note of caution is to ensure that one evaluates well and before committing one’s self to the programme. As could be gathered from this write up, the way the MBA is structured, makes it a very independent and self-driven system. Although support and guidance is available when asked for, it needs total commitment and a will to stop from daily routine and to study hard. There is no obligation (one would have bought and paid for the module already don’t forget) to push you forward to do the exams. However I feel that if you are looking for this level of achievement in your life, you already must have the drive and will to succeed! Obtaining a Masters’ degree gives a sense of achievement, built upon the fact that the drive to go for it would be one’s personal interest in furthering his/her education. Career-wise, HR clearly recognise the merit of obtaining such a degree, however in the author’s opinion, the MBA should be seen as a building block to push one forward to the next level. Good Luck !! Gilbert Naudi

Leader of Planning and Engineering Department. Lufthansa Technik Malta

There is no end date to when one has to finish the course, even though EBS suggests a maximum of 7 years to complete the Masters programme. This flexibility allows a person to

www.maltamanagement.com

SmartCity Malta - All Systems Integrated by Simon Abela

Engineering for Science and Industry (Malta) Ltd. (ESI) is an ISO9001-2008 ISO14001-2004 certified registered company, who are specialists in the design, installation and commissioning of automation and specialist solutions within the following generic fields: • • • • •

Building Energy Management Systems Industrial and Process Automation and controls Security and Safety Systems Home Automation

With many years of experience and specialized knowledge, ESI is able to provide a wide range of services encompassing all aspects of the Automated Controls, security and Safety Engineering Industry. The Project SmartCity Malta is a 360,000 m2 stand-alone development area on the island’s coast. It is set to be the home for knowledge-based companies at the cutting-edge sectors of IT,

media and consultancy. The plan for SmartCity Malta is to develop advanced buildings that are highly sustainable but offer the perfect working environment for successful business growth. The first building to be completed was SCM01, a 12,000 m2 office building with seven floors of flexible space. The building has achieved LEED silver accreditation. Office buildings SCM02 and SCM03 as well as F&B blocks SCM04 and SCM05 are now in the completion phase and, as part of a continuing successful relationship between ESI and SmartCity Malta, the systems installed on SCM01 are being extended to the new blocks. Integration The word “Integration” is derived from the Latin integrat, meaning “made whole”. In the context of buildings and systems the meaning is generally considered to be a combining of parts, such that they work together or form a whole.

September 2014

Issue No. 48

SMART CITY MALTA - All Systems Integrated (cont.)

A successfully designed building has been compared to a beautiful symphony. The parts of a building, like individual instruments in an orchestra, have the capacity to make up a whole that is greater than if they were played alone. Having seen this in action at SmartCity Malta, we find this to be very true and we are sure many building managers would agree with this point. Two worlds - converged and integrated. On the ambitious SmartCity Malta project, we are bringing together the security and building management systems (BMS). This is a groundbreaking project, allowing the two systems to exchange information and execute actions based on information gathered through the functions of both. ESI provided the seamless integration between the security system and the BMS to create a comfortable, productive and sustainable working environment for occupants.

There are many benefits of seamless integration of security and building management suites. The system can continuously check the occupation status of each room / zone by monitoring the presence of access control cardholders and adjusting the lighting and flow of fresh air accordingly. Lights are turned on automatically when rooms become occupied and turned off when they become vacant. In addition, CO2 sensors installed within the premises send signals to the BMS which combine with inputs from the security system to regulate the amount of fresh air delivered to each room depending on occupancy. Similarly, air flow and lighting are adjusted within meeting rooms when a visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s access card is presented. The systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highly developed integration capabilities ensure that the security and BMS can produce a coordinated response. For example, a fire alarm input can also trigger responses on security cameras and access controlled doors creating higher levels of security and safety for occupants. While information from the security system can inform the BMS, the system also works the other way roung. For example, by tracking data from heating, ventilating or cooling, building managers can observe the current status of all

services - giving greater security and business continuity to its tenants. The data from the BMS, also provides new energy-analytic reporting tools and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The SmartCity Malta management team use these statistics to monitor and measure the performance of the building as part of a continual process of measurement and verification of installed building systems. These readings ensure that the buildings operates as intended and maintain operational efficiencies. In terms of presentation, this enables information from the various systems to be displayed on a single web-based browser. Users can therefore access data on HVAC, lighting, electrical services, fire alarms, access control, flood alarms and even car park gas monitoring. An easy-to-use interface puts enormous control into the hands of the building management team, and they can also create different views for each system if that is required. The service-oriented nature of the customized software architecture means, for example, that information from energy meters can also be fed into the system, giving users access

to important energy-use data and the ability to analyze and manage long-term energy efficiency. In the multi-tenanted buildings, this also enables easier tenant billing. Conclusion The installed framework brings together actionable information from security and building management systems in a unique approach. The combination of building security and BMS through the middle-ware platform creates a powerful tool for efficient and effective building operation. By bringing together information from systems that are often divided, the SmartCity Malta project demonstrates how the buildings of tomorrow can be created with todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s smartest technologies. ET

InÄĄ. Simon Abela Project Manager, Engineering for Science and Industry Malta Ltd.

September 2014

Issue No. 48

Leading in drainage

Backwater

PROTECTION and LIFTING STATION Lifting stations for installation in concrete slab/floor, underground and free-standing set-ups. The use of basements to provide further space for accommodation is becoming increasingly important. Frequently, toilets, showers or washing facilities are located in the basement. For such applications, KESSEL supplies lifting stations for installation in concrete floors. These lifting stations simply disappear in the ground and offer another special advantage. The drain integrated in the cover absorbs all surface water. Even in the event of a pipe burst or leak, the pump discharges water continually over the backwater level.

Aqualift F Compact

Sewage lifting station for the complete basement drainage. Powerful, compact and reliable. Chamber ready for installation in a concrete floor, with integrated drain function to discharge surface water.

Aqualift F XL

Twin lifting stations for industrial / high volume wastewater disposal. Lifting rainwater which occurs below the backwater level, or for use with a separator. Available with 200, 300 and 450 liter tank volume.

Ecolift

Backwater lifting station for pipes with natural gradient to the sewer. World innovation – the alternative to a standard lifting station with gravity sloped drainage.

• Backwater Valves • Lifting Stations

Grease and Fuel SEPARATION

Water has to stay clean so we are providing clarity.

Oil/fuel separators are used to protect water and sewage systems from soiling through mineral oils. Thanks to the principle of gravity, the almost insoluble mineral components rise to the top of the wastewater on account of their low specific gravity and collect on the surface.

solutions

Operations from small restaurants to large scale food processing plants disposing grease, oils and fats into public wastewater drainage systems are becoming an increasing concern to industry, government and environmental agencies. Current regulations require the installation of a separation system to separate any type of damaging substance (such as grease, oil, fuel, detergents, heavy metals etc.) from the wastewater effluent.

The KESSEL Company has been in the separation business since 1988 and offers a multitude of sysems design to handle a customer’s specific needs. From the beginning KESSEL has relied on the invaluable advantages of Polyethylene as the material for construction of its separation systems. It’s KESSEL’s extensive background in the plastics and wastewater field that allow us to offer you separation systems to solve your problems.

MADE IN GERMANY

Tower Street, Msida Tel: 2011 7932 info@banjuboutique.com www.banjuboutique.com

facebook.com/BanjuBoutiqueMsida

Banju Boutique Ltd has recently been appointed by KESSEL as their sales and development partner in Malta. KESSEL is a premium manufacturer of innovative products in the field of drainage technology. They offer complete product lines for the drainage of buildings and exterior areas. KESSEL offer solutions for waste water discharge; waste water treatment; and back water protection. Indeed, KESSEL’s product range provide safe efficient and reliable solutions that work around the various features of water.

effectively against backwater. Your house and your property can remain safe in any weather. KESSEL offers a solution for the pumping of waste water and water from buildings under the sewer level. This will enable full use of bathrooms and washrooms in basements.

Water is dangerous

that’s why we have tamed it. Water may be the element of life, but too much of it can be dangerous as well. Heavy rainfall can cause severe damage to households. It can cause the water in the drainage system to rise higher and higher. Since the drainage pipes have not been designed for such high levels of rainfall, the water backs up further and further. The result is then the dreaded backwater. Water forces itself into any room which is below street surface level.

Climatologists are in agreement that the frequency of heavy rainfall will continue to increase. This means that backwater in the drainage system will be taking place even more often in the future. KESSEL offers a wide range of backwater valves for prevention - from a retrofitted valve for the siphon on the wash stand right up to fully automatic controlled backwater valves with warning messages and pump. They all protect you safely and solutions

Water is sensuous

that is why it requires a stylish platform. With its prize-winning bathroom drain collection, KESSEL has tuned into the trend for the feel-good and wellness baths. The range of models offers something for every taste from high gloss design covers, to the new invisible cover right up to the new Linearis shower channels. However, drains need to function perfectly. Our long established modular system ensures that this is the case. All KESSEL bathroom drain bodies can be combined with any upper section required. This allows designers and workers to react flexibly to any fitting situation. Particularly practical: the drains can be quickly opened, removed and safely locked again using the patented Lock & Lift system. This reduces the time required for cleaning by around 70%. KESSEL offers a complete range of water drains with waterproofing gasket attached.

Tower Street, Msida Tel: 2011 7932 www.banjuboutique.com

Water has to stay clean,

so we are providing clarity. Clean and plentiful water provides the foundation for prosperous communities. We rely on clean water to survive, yet right now we are heading towards a water crisis. Dirty water is the world’s biggest health risk, and continues to threaten both our quality of life and health. Indeed, water is subject to many forms of pollution, which is why we have make it our purpose to protect it. KESSEL provide separators and waste water treatment systems that ensure the protection of ground water and public sewers are free of sediments. KESSEL separators ensure that pipes and sewers remain blockage free by removing grease,food waste and light fuel from wastewater streams. KESSEL provide easy to install, leak proof monolithic bodies which are 100% corrosion free. KESSEL offers oil or fuel and coalescence separators. KESSEL waste water treatment systems help in cleaning domestic waste water in areas without public sewer connection. KESSEL has developed a fully biological and economic system which allows maintanence / power cost to be kept to a minimum.

Water has many faces

and that is why we work to measure. When standard products are no longer sufficient, KESSEL experts from the individual solutions department come into play. They specialize in developing individual drainage solutions from extra large grease separators right up to heavy duty pumps stations. KESSEL are now present in more than 38 countries on four continents. Their 50 year success story lies in their ability to lead the market by being innovative and constantly strive to deliver an excellent service to the end consumer. Keeping in mind the premise that “satisfied customers are their future”, KESSEL are working on investing heavily on product development to ensure their leadership position as well as ensure the safety and well being of their clients. MADE IN GERMANY

The name TORO 25, chosen for the liquid and gas supply system conceived by A.T.P. s.r.l, visually sums up the qualities of the animal by the same, namely resistance, strength, elegance. TORO 25 belongs to the PN 25 category. The Random Polypropylene, used to produce it, is of the Type 3, characterized by a high molecular weight that

guarantees the system life for over 50 years. It is combined with additives which allow to produce faultless pipes and pipe fittings, ideal for conveying potable liquids under pressure at both high and low temperatures, and such as to successfully pass the tests required by DIN standards and, above all, by DVGW regulations.

4H2o Limited Triq il-Haddiema, Zona Industrijali, Mriehel, BKR 3000

T: 2123 9939

M: 9949 6990

E: ebd@4h2o.eu

Book Synopsis: Dingli Radar by Anthony Abela

Much have been written and documented about the role Malta played during the Second World War. Mainly history highlights the Fighter Pilots courage and determination, the Artillery and Coastal Defence Gunners and the images of damaged buildings all over the place, especially around the Grand Harbour. In this book, Major Tony Abela reveals what at that time was treated with the highest secrecy and until today remained hidden away amongst the official documentation on shelves at National Archives in the UK and Malta. This is about what went on at the time in matters concerning Radars, jamming and countermeasures. Few people knew what was going on in the skies over and around Malta - these were the radar operators who through their electronic eyes witnessed the evolvement of the Siege of Malta. At times they were frustrated because they were clearly seeing that the War Commanders were ignorant in the electronic warfare capabilities that even at that early development stages they could have been used to a better advantage. The supporting technical personnel succeeded to develop, design and build electronic circuits which were giving the necessary cutting edge to optimise the primitive systems which later became known as Radars. This book gives some insight to what went on, the ingenuity of some of these airman and at the same time the lack of acknowledgement for their efforts by people who due to their rank looked down upon them. The over 500-page book, though it treats a somewhat highly technical subject which in itself is also a history reference, is written in such a way that it will be enjoyed by any reader. It is well illustrated with over 400 photos, diagrams,

drawings and site plans, some of which have never been seen before as they originate from private collections by people who lived the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;behind the scenesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; on these installations in Malta over 70 years ago. It is extensively referenced. The book is being published on the 75th anniversary since the first experimental RDF, which later became known as Radar, was switched on at Dingli Cliffs on 27th March 1939 and the 35th Anniversary since the Maltese took over the complete Air Traffic Control Services and Luqa Airport Operations. It is planned that it will be inaugurated at the same site where the first system was installed at Dingli MATS Radar Station towards the last weekend of March. It is intended that the underground complex used by this radar during WWII will be open for the general public. ET

Major Anthony Abela Author

September 2014

Issue No. 48

your wealth deserves expert management We understand perfectly that the accumulation of wealth requires years of hard work. We value the trust you place in us to manage your wealth responsibly. Your success is our goal.

Discretionary Portfolio Management Stockbroking Services Investment Advisory Services Trustee Services

BOV WEALTH MANAGEMENT 2275 1133 I bov.com infowealth@bov.com

35130 WEALTH Advert A4 Flower.indd 1

Bank of Valletta p.l.c. is licensed to conduct investment services business and to provide trustee services by the Malta Financial Services Authority.

Issued by Bank of Valletta p.l.c. 58, Zachary Street, Valletta VLT 1130 - Malta

24/02/2014 17:24

There is more to Wealth Management than meets the eye

Aldo Scardino, Bank of Valletta’s Executive Head for Wealth Management emphasises that Wealth Management is all about really knowing one’s client and managing that relationship over time. Is Wealth Management about wealth accumulation or is there more to it? Wealth Management is generally perceived as the offering of private banking services and investment advice to ageing wealthy individuals. However, it is much more than that. Besides helping clients to manage their portfolio, Wealth Management focuses on preserving wealth from one generation to the next. High-net-worth individuals pass on their hard-earned savings to their loved ones. This implies that younger people will inherit portions of that accumulated wealth and will require expert advice on how to manage it and make it grow. As a consequence, how that service is delivered, and which products are suitable for these clients change as well. In this perspective, BOV’s Wealth Management is truly about managing relationships rather than wealth.

Who are the typical Wealth Management clients? Typically, the personal segment represents the core of the BOV’s Wealth Management client base. However, we are increasingly tailoring our services to corporate and institutional clients, trusts and ‘family offices’. Moreover, foreign clients represent the fastest growing segment as Malta is quickly establishing itself as an international financial services centre. Irrespective of the segment, clients will increasingly demand that their advisors manage their wealth as professionally as they would manage their own business, prompting advisors to offer a broader and

deeper range of financial products and services, efficiently, at a competitive cost, and with peace of mind. Our Wealth Management outfit forms part of the largest financial organisation in Malta, the origins of which date back to 1809, and to this very date is one of the major drivers of the Maltese economy. We offer the full suite of financial services including personal and private banking, investment management and fiduciary services. Thus, we are in a position to help our clients take charge of, and safeguard, their financial future and throughout generations.

How do you see the business of wealth management developing in the future? Globalisation is increasingly shaping the investment focus for high-net-worth individuals and is evolving from the traditional focus on European and North American capital markets, to a more varied investment universe that not only includes more sophisticated and remote investment instruments and asset classes, but markets such as Asia and the Middle East, which were previously considered ‘exotic’ for most investors. This evolution will accelerate at an unprecedented rate as the wave of wealth transfer to younger generations takes hold. The new generation of investors is more adventurous, more risk tolerant, and internationally focused, whilst being also more technologically confident. At Bank of Valletta, we take pride in being the Bank of choice for our market, including in the area of Wealth Management. This requires constant investment in our people and in our capabilities in order to be able to advise on, trade, settle, monitor and keep custody of investment instruments and products efficiently and effectively for our customers. We want to tailor our relationship banking model to the type of client interaction that will be expected of us in the future. One thing will remain unchanged: the fact that wealth management is fundamentally built on the concept of relationship management. Bank of Valletta has strong credentials in this respect. Issued by Bank of Valletta p.l.c. 58 Zachary Street Valletta VLT1130

An innovative leader captures the global market

WILO SE took a big step forwards in the “Hidden Champions 2013” brand ranking undertaken by the magazine WirtschaftsWoche. The Dortmund pump expert improved its position to 3rd place from 12th since the last survey in 2011. This study presents Wilo as one of the three most significant brands among the German global market leaders in the capital goods business. It is based on a survey of more than 250 experts, including industry and trade associations, institutes and representatives of the trade press.

The WirtschaftsWoche bases Wilo’s high ranking on the fact that this innovative leader – with Germany as its starting point – is capturing the global market earlier and with more courage than other companies. Furthermore, Wilo stands out in the major global trends of industrialisation, urbanisation and energy efficiency, beginning with the reference market of Germany. CEO Oliver Hermes wants to pursue this successful business strategy in future, “Globally, the Germans are known for having particularly high technical standards. This is why we bring our products out here first.” Nowadays, Wilo is active as an innovative all-round provider of pumps and pump systems in many different areas: from heating, cooling and air-conditioning to water supply and sewage disposal as well as agriculture and industry. Success due to proximity to customers The company’s headquarters is in Germany but Wilo is active on a global level. The WirtschaftsWoche sees this as an important advantage as production in over 50 countries guarantees particular proximity to customers.

4H2o Limited Triq il-Haddiema, Zona Industrijali, Mriehel, BKR 3000

Oliver Hermes wants to reinforce this advantage in future, “In order to preserve our competitive advantages, we cannot allow any reduction in quality.” A further aim is to offer the customer “ultimate service”.

Hidden Champion on record-breaking course Wilo’s Hidden Champion position is also supported by good figures. Despite difficult basic economic conditions, the company has been on a record-breaking course for several years now and has been able to significantly increase turnover and results many times in a row. According to CEO Oliver Hermes, the over 7,000 employees worldwide are an important factor in success, “The people who apply their expertise, inspiration, creativity and passion to their work at Wilo each day provide the basis for our innovative leadership and our economic success.” Wilo is represented in Malta by 4H2o Limited, suppliers to the mechanical industry. Besides Wilo pumps, 4H2o Limited supplies polybutylene push-fit systems and a full range of PPR pipes and fittings.

T: 2123 9939

M: 9949 6990

E: ebd@4h2o.eu

The 25th Edition

of the University of Malta Final Year Engineering Projects Exhibition

and 18 at Ph.D. level. The Faculty is very active in research in all fields covered by its departments, and around 60 papers are published by Faculty members each year.

The Final Year Engineering Projects Exhibition has become a yearly appointment with industry, current and prospective students, alumni, engineering enthusiasts and the general public. This year the exhibition marked the 25th anniversary from the first occurance. Seventy-four undergraduate projects were on display within the Faculty laboratories. Showcased projects included a wide selection of topical areas related to the biomedical field, energy, the environment, electronic products, manufacturing processes, new materials and surfaces. The students had the opportunity to meet Hon. Chris Agius who toured the exhibition after the opening ceremony held on the 3rd of July.

The President of the Chamber of Engineers, Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing., communicated the importance of ethics to the profession, and indicated the launch of an ethics committee within the Chamber. He presented awards to graduates from the previous year for the best electrical and mechanical projects as deemed by the Chamber of Engineers. Other graduates were awarded certificates for their achievements from the Royal Institution of Naval Architects and from the Malta Group of Professional Engineering Institutions on behalf of the Institute of Engineering Technology, Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Civil Engineering. The PR exhibition committee would like to thank the sponsors for their contribution towards this event. ET

In his opening speech the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Dr. Inġ. John C Betts, stressed the value of each individual student to the Faculty. Ms Rachael Nicole Darmanin, a final year B.Eng. (Hons) student, praised the Faculty for the effort in giving them a sterling experience. The student representative Mr. Josmar Azzopardi, announced an initiative that enables students to donate their caution money towards a Faculty Research Fund. A number of leading companies presented contributions towards research within the Faculty. The Faculty of Engineering currently has 477 students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The number of postgraduate students totals 51 at Master level

President of the Chamber of Engineers, Inġ. Norman Zammit Eur. Ing. awarding Mr. Josef Grech for the best electrical final year project, academic year 2012-2013

www.facebook.com/uom.engineering

September 2014

Issue No. 48

MCAST EXPO

Hands on Learning, Exhibits and Workshops

The College organized the third edition of the MCAST EXPO, a four-day event aimed at offering visitors a taste of the MCAST learning experience between Wednesday 25th and Saturday 28th June at the new MCAST Campus, in Paola. Students, lecturers, career advisers, support staff as well as different industry sectors were available under one roof to help visitors discover different aspects related to the College’s 185 full-time and 300 part-time courses, student support services available at MCAST as well as career and employment opportunities. During the EXPO, MCAST’s 10 institutes and the Gozo Centre encouraged visitors to engage in enjoyable hands-on activities to experience different career paths in several industrial sectors. The Institutes also hosted representatives of major local employers to give details about current and upcoming employment and entrepreneurial opportunities. Visitors also meet MCAST students to find out more about their projects and innovations. The College’s student support staff were at hand to provide advice to prospective students and answer any queries about MCAST’s courses. ET

September 2014

Issue No. 48

MCAST EXPO

Institute for Building and Construction Engineering

The Institute for Building & Construction Engineering participated in the MCAST EXPO held between 25th and 28th June, by exhibiting student’s projects/artefacts and by inviting various industrial partners to exhibit their products and services at EXPO. Three leading companies involved in the local Construction and Building Services industries accepted and participated in EXPO. Student’s projects ranged from tile laying to building models, from wooden artefacts to welding samples. The wooden artefacts included doors, tables and a chair which could be transformed into a step stool. Various welding samples displayed different types of welds and the tests carried out on such specimen. A masonry heritage power point illustrated and explained the project work carried out by final year Masonry Heritage students (Mastri) at Ta’ Mintna Catacombes. Various A2 Drawing projects were displayed presenting various designs of different types of constructions including building services. These exhibits gave a good insight for prospective students wishing to follow courses in different subjects at IBCE MCAST. Panta Lesco Ltd. a leading building services contracting firm, specialising in electrical, mechanical (M&E), plumbing, HVAC and lift installations across a wide range of market sectors, exhibited a lift installation, their vast Hilti tool range as well as one of their latest split air-conditioning ‘designer’ units. Panta Lesco Ltd employs a good number ex MCAST

students at different levels, both in the design office as well as on site. They are involved in the design, manufacture, installation, and maintenance of a variety of goods related to the building services trade. Halmann Vella a name synonymous with marble and granite, terrazzo tiles, traditional patterned tiles and resin tiles, erected an impressive 5.4m by 5.4m QR code tile exhibit. This could be read by an imaging device (such as a camera, or a mobile phone), where the data stored inside the pattern created by the black squares on the white background could be extracted, which then codes for an online link to the product carrying the QR code. This particular exhibit featured an up-scaled version of the QR code using patterned tiles, with the idea of showing that traditional cement tiles can be used to create something modern and interactive. One of Halmann Vella’s directors is also an ex MCAST student who graduated in the Higher National Diploma in Construction. Recowatt specialises in natural illumination, natural ventilation, solar thermal plants producing potable sanitary hot water, energy efficiency, water recycling and treatment plants, Building Automation Solutions including Audio, Video & Web integration, power through photovoltaic plants and vertical wind turbines. Various products were exhibited during EXPO with the stand being manned by Recowatt’s Technical Sales Executive who graduated in BSc(Hons) in Construction. ET

September 2014

Issue No. 48

The University of Malta Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Projects Exhibition Student Final Year Projects Exhibition 2014

The Faculty of ICT Student Final Year Projects Exhibition was held on 10th – 11th of July 2014. The exhibition showcased the work developed by the Faculty’s undergraduate final year students. This Year, the event was opened by the Hon. Chris Cardona, Minister for The Economy, Investment and Small Business and Hon. Evarist Bartolo, Minister for Education and Employment. The Ministers toured the exhibits and sampled the highly technical and innovative work done by the students. The opening ceremony of the exhibition included several student awards, amongst them was the award for the best engineering project within the Faculty of ICT from those exhibited in the previous year. This award was delivered by the President of the Chamber of Engineers, Inġ. Norman Zammit, after addressing the audience. This year’s Final Year Projects Exhibition included around 65 projects relating to various aspects of ICT. These projects took root and flourished in various fields of study – including, but not limited to, such areas as software development, information analysis, assistive and adaptive technologies, graphics and image processing, flow management, security, testing, robotics,

September 2014

Issue No. 48

speech processing, game development, embedded systems using Field Programmable Gate Arrays, system modelling, ERP systems, code monitoring and correctness assurance tools, mobile technologies, video coding and transmission over wireless networks, integrated circuit design, social networking, and many other areas. As is the spirit and intent of the Faculty, the exhibited projects are a mixture consisting of work that has a more readily discernable applicative nature and other work that has a more fundamental and conceptual nature. Whatever the focus, all projects exhibit a channel towards practical usefulness. The Faculty of ICT would like to express its gratitude to this year’s Gold Sponsors for their on-going support. These are Ascent Software and CCBill EU. Special thanks go to Gamesys Network for their kind donation of high-end computing hardware, and to DataCore Software for the donation of annual software licences. Thanks also go to the Malta IT Agency (MITA) and the Chamber of Engineers for their support in various initiatives that the Faculty undertakes. ET

More details can be obtained from the Faculty’s Facebook page on www.facebook.com/uom.ict

WASHROOM SYSTEMS

Sanitary systems: Strong in washing facilities Public washrooms serving high rates of usage and a constantly changing group of people have an inherent number of problem areas. What do we do against water wastage, insufficient hygiene and vandalism? Product solutions by Franke Washroom Systems provide the answers. Thus, for example, automatic wash taps help to save water and energy. At the same time this method of operation ensures the best possible hygiene, because the tap needs to be touched only before washing hands or not at all. Practical experience shows that using high-quality, contamination-resistant materials for washing units creates a clean atmosphere and is the best contribution towards maintaining frequently used sanitary rooms.

The extensive range of solutions for washing facilities includes: Single lever mixers with thermostatic scald protection and hygiene options. Hydraulically controlled self-closing taps, single mixers or thermostatic mixers. Touch-free electronically controlled taps and mixing taps with opto-sensor. All-in-one wash stations as free-standing solutions or for wall mounting. Washbasins, multiple washing systems, wash troughs made of stainless steel or mineral material, also for accessible applications. Tap units for multiple washing systems. Design accessory lines made of stainless steel. Accessible grab rail systems and accessories for users with disabilities.

www.franke.com

solutions

Tower Street, Msida Tel: 2011 7932 info@banjuboutique.com www.banjuboutique.com

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