CITY Newspaper's Annual Manual 2018 by CITY Magazine

ANNUAL MANUAL

2 CITY â&#x20AC;¢ ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

A Nmanual NUAL

Publishers: William and Mary Anna Towler

[ INTRODUCTION ] BY MARY ANNA TOWLER

ompared to some cities in the US, Rochester’s not very old. But boy, do we have history. And what happened in the past has shaped what we are today, in many ways. Scratch the surface of current developments like the photonics institute and the arts and you’ll find a thread that links back through earlier developments in the city. Local labor organizations are following in the footsteps of earlier organized workers, the folks who built the Erie Canal. Activists pushing today for better housing, better schools, and

criminal-justice reforms are working in the shadow of Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass. Signs of early industrial leaders are everywhere, and not just in the names of buildings and institutions. George Eastman founded a major camera and film company – and his philanthropy, and that of Kodak, lives on at the Eastman School of Music, the Rochester Philharmonic, and the George Eastman Museum. In our 2018 Annual Manual, you’ll find some of those stories – and maybe some surprises, too.

On the Cover: Illustration by Ryan Williamson Art department artdept@rochester-citynews.com Art director/production manager: Ryan Williamson Designers: Renée Heininger, Jacob Walsh Advertising department ads@rochester-citynews.com New sales development: Betsy Matthews Sales representatives: Tracey Mykins, David White, William Towler Operations/Circulation kstathis@rochester-citynews.com Business manager: Angela Scardinale Circulation manager: Katherine Stathis Distribution: David Riccioni, Northstar Delivery

TABLE OF CONTENTS BUILDING A PROGRESSIVE CITY..... 4

DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOTO CITY... 22

ACTIVISM

ART

FROM FLOUR TO PHOTONICS.. ........ 8

EIGHT DAYS A WEEK.................... 26

BUSINESS

MUSIC

GROWING PAINS.. ........................ 12

Editorial department themail@rochester-citynews.com Editor: Mary Anna Towler Contributing writers: Jake Clapp, Frank De Blase, Tim Louis Macaluso, Jeremy Moule, Rebecca Rafferty

AGRICULTURE

SERVICE DIRECTORY.. .................. 32

ROCHESTER CONFIDENTIAL......... 18

ADVERTISER INDEX..................... 38

Annual Manual: CITY Newspaper's Guide to Rochester is published by WMT Publications, Inc. Copyright by WMT Publications Inc., 2018 - all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system without permission of the copyright owner.

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BUILDING P

[ ACTIVISM ] BY JAKE CLAPP

a ‘progressive’ city

The home of Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony, and countless social reformers, Rochester has long been labeled ‘progressive’

Rochester icon Susan B. Anthony and her family came to the area as part of a wave of Quakers in the early 1800's. FILE PHOTO

4 CITY • ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

assionate social activism has been a part of Rochester since its beginnings. During its 184-year-history, the city has often been labeled “progressive,” thanks to a series of social reformers. Virtually every major social issue since the mid-1800’s has found champions in Rochester, from abolitionist Frederick Douglass, women’s rights fighter Susan B. Anthony, and anarchist Emma Goldman to long-time civil rights leader Minister Franklin Florence Sr. and social justice activist Emily Good. Numerous organizers are currently working on individual causes, including Ryan Acuff (housing rights), the Rev. Lewis Stewart (racial justice), Ted Forsyth and Barbara Lacker-Ware (police oversight), Colin O’Malley (Metro Justice), Melanie Funchess (anti-racism and mental health), Carly Fox (immigrant rights), and many more, not to mention a large number of neighborhood associations and issue-specific groups. Rochester’s activist history can be traced back to a large Quaker population that settled in the region in the early-1800’s, many of whose members were committed to social reform. Throughout the years, Rochester religious organizations — from the early Hicksite Quakers and evangelicals to modern Jewish, Muslim, and Christian groups — have made social activism a priority. Local Quaker women, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott (a Philadelphia-based Quaker), organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention. Among the Quakers who settled in the Rochester area was the Anthony family, which came here in 1845. Susan B. Anthony is known for her women’s suffrage efforts, but she was

also an active abolitionist, which brought her into contact — and a life-long friendship — with Frederick Douglass. The noted abolitionist moved to Rochester in 1847, drawn by the area’s active black population and hotbed of social activism. Rochester was growing rapidly in the first part of the 1800’s. That meant there was plenty of work, and labor unions and activists for workers’ rights have long been a backbone of Rochester. Canal boatmen created Rochester’s first labor organization, the Mutual Relief Society, in 1830, and since 1855, there have consistently been central labor groups in the city, the current one being the Rochester-Genesee Valley Area Labor Federation. And as long as there has been organized labor, there have been workers pushing for change. Still, while Rochester has been labeled “progressive,” there have always been counteracting forces. In his day, Douglass wrote that “there were moral forces operating against me in Rochester.” The amendment to the state constitution that gave New York women the right to vote in 1917 was voted down in Monroe County. And in July 1964, discrimination against black residents, overcrowding in low-quality housing, and highprofile clashes between black citizens and police led to three days of riots. Today, while city government has been Democratic for decades, county government has been led almost exclusively by Republicans. Serious inequality in Rochester continues today. But building on its unique reformer history, numerous organizations and outlets are available to anyone interested in making a difference — from fights against racism and sexism to advocating for LGBTQ rights, criminal justice, and protecting the environment.

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FROM FLOUR

[ INDUSTRY ] BY JEREMY MOULE

to photonics

Today’s tech businesses have roots in the city’s river-powered mills

Instead of producing heavy military equipment during war time, Rochester kept its focus on optics. PHOTO BY RYAN WILLIAMSON

8 CITY • ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

ochester was one of the country’s first boomtowns, a place where fertile, productive farmlands provided grist for mills powered by the mighty Genesee River, and where the newly cut Erie Canal provided easy access to outside markets. But over time, Rochester evolved from the Flour City to a photonics hub. The progression isn’t intuitive, but it makes sense once the dots are connected. World War I was Rochester industry’s defining moment, says Monroe County Historian Carolyn Vacca, who also chairs St. John Fisher College’s history department. Rochester was already emerging as a place of innovation, as well as an optics and precision manufacturing hub. A German immigrant named John Jacob Bausch started what would become Bausch + Lomb, and other European immigrants with expertise in lensmaking came here for work. George Eastman pioneered new technologies that brought photography to the masses, William Gleason revolutionized the gear industry, and George Selden secured the first US patent for the automobile. But with the war, many US cities began producing heavy equipment for the military. Rochester, instead, kept its focus on precision products. Bausch + Lomb made rifle scopes, binoculars, and sunglasses for troops; Wollensak, a camera company formed by a former Bausch + Lomb employee, made spotting scopes and other optical equipment for the military; and Eastman Kodak started an aerial photography flight school for the military, accelerating an emerging form of wartime intelligence-gathering. Once the war was over, those technologies and the skilled labor that produced them adapted easily to a peacetime economy, Vacca says. “We came out of that war still focused on innovation, new ideas,” Vacca says. ROCHESTERCITYNEWSPAPER.COM 9

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Optics, imaging, and precision manufacturing businesses continued to flourish in Rochester. The Haloid Company commercialized Chester Carlson’s breakthrough documentreproduction technology, birthing Xerox in 1946, for example. And the pool of highly-skilled workers grew, too, thanks to technical training offered by the Mechanics Institute – which evolved into RIT – in areas such as mechanical drawing, machining, forging, and graphic arts. UR formed its Institute of Optics, the first optics school in the nation, in 1929, and it opened a nationally renowned laser lab in 1970. UR researchers and graduates have made countless scientific and technology breakthroughs in several disciplines. When the Big Three began downsizing, they sold off some of their technologies to other corporations, but they also spun off some of their divisions into new standalone companies. Former workers, with expertise in a variety of disciplines, took jobs at other tech companies. Some started firms of their own. Ultimately, that’s how Rochester got to be a focal point for the photonics industry, which basically focuses on practical application of light. Technologies developed and produced here are used in sensors, imaging, lighting, and data storage. They’re used in the server farms that power Amazon and Netflix, in biomedical devices, in vehicle safety and driver assistance systems, and by the military. The Rochester region is so wellpositioned in the industry that the US Department of Defense selected it to lead a nationwide effort to build a domestic photonics manufacturing industry. The selection was announced in summer 2015 and AIM Photonics, as the effort is called, is still ramping up.

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GROWING

[ AGRICULTURE ] BY TIM LOUIS MACALUSO

Farms and orchards helped build the region.

ny thorough examination of the Rochester region’s history has to include the vital role that agriculture has played in the area’s economy. Whether it was wheat production in the early 1800’s for the city’s flour mills or commercial flower nurseries in the mid-1800’s, Rochester’s roots are quite literally grounded in agriculture. “Agriculture has had a huge impact historically, and not just in terms of land use,” says Robert King, senior specialist with Monroe Community College’s Agriculture and Life Sciences Institute. “The city was in many ways built on agriculture, and it remains extremely important to this region. For every dollar it generates, there’s a multiplier of at least two because of all the vendors, marketers, builders, and services that are tied to agriculture. It touches everything.” The Rochester region has become best known for dairy, tree fruit, and food processing, King says. “Dairy has always been huge here because the soil is ideal for raising bovine,” King says. “They thrive here.”

About 50 or 60 years ago, many towns in the nine-county area had at least one dairy that produced products such as milk, cream, and ice cream – and they often delivered their products right to the customer’s front door, King says. “You don’t see as many individual dairies with 200 to 300 heads anymore, but we still see dairies with 50 to 100 heads,” King says. “Dairy is still Number 1 in agriculture in terms of land use.” New York is also known for its tree fruit – pears, apples, peaches, apricots, and plums. The state is the second largest apple grower in the country, and most of those apples are grown in the Upstate region close to Lake Ontario, King says. Since the 1970’s, Rochester and the Finger Lakes region have also become known for another important product: wine. In 1976, there were fewer than 20 wineries in the entire state. Today, the Finger Lakes area is home to more than 120 wineries – about 25 percent of the state’s total. But not everyone is as enthusiastic about the region’s agricultural industry

PHOTOS COURTESY LOCALLY GROWN: AN ESSENTIAL PART OF OUR ECONOMY

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pains

as MCC’s King, and some insiders question whether farming is still a sustainable business. David Stern has been a full-time farmer in Wayne County since 1972. He started out raising corn for nearby dairy farmers, but in 1979 transitioned from a conventional farm to sustainable agriculture. In 1985, his farm was one of the first in the area to be certified as organic. While there has been increased interest in organic foods and buying local produce, it’s a small percent of the industry, he says. Though there is something romantic about farming and living off the land, today, it’s extremely difficult to do, he says. Costs have risen higher than profits, he says. “In 1972, I paid less than $400 an acre for these crop and forest lands and all the structures,” Stern says. Prices lately have been around $5,000 an acre, with no structures, he says. Given the low prices that many farm products bring, it’s hard for many farmers to even pay interest on a loan.

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ROCHESTER

[ CRIME ] BY FRANK DE BLASE

conf idential

Here’s to the bad old days and to those who made it that way

ll right, all you joy boys and glamour gals, let me pull on your coat for a spell and get you wise to your beloved Flower City. Now, we’re all proud of our dirty, little city along the mighty Genesee because of its people and its contributions to industry and the arts, but it hasn’t always been sunshine and lilacs. There’s a dark side to Rochester’s past. Rochester has been host to killers of renown, the biggest armored car heist in history, and neighborhoods that were once lousy with brothels. 20 CITY • ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

Just out of sheer notoriety, we have to discuss Francis Tumblety, an Irishborn snake oil salesman, hustler, and pickpocket, who grew up in Rochester. Loosely connected to John Wilkes Booth, he was thought to be complicit in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. But what really lands Dr. Tumblety in Rochester’s rogue’s gallery: He was a suspect in the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888. The doctor lived in London during the period the killings occurred, but with Scotland Yard’s mounting

suspicion, he fled England and moved in with an elderly aunt in Rochester. He died in Baltimore in 1903, and is buried Rochester’s Holy Sepulchre Cemetery. While The Ripper’s murders were horrific, the legacy has softened over time, whereas The Hillside Strangler still haunts our memory to this day. The Hillside Strangler was actually two cousins from Rochester, Angelo Anthony Buono and Kenneth Bianchi, who terrorized Los Angeles, from October 1977 to February 1978, with the rape and murder of 10 women.

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What further ties Bianchi to Rochester crime history, though, is the “Double Initial” murders in 1972 and 1973. The victims’ first and last names started with the same letter, and the bodies were found in towns beginning with that letter. Bianchi was a suspect, but there wasn’t enough evidence to charge him. At the turn of the 20th century, prostitution was met with not much more disapproval than rolling eyeballs. The worst case scenario back then was contracting syphilis — a night with Venus for a lifetime with Mercury. Hill Street in the old seventh ward was crowded with brothels. But in the first decade of the 1900’s, a downward spiral started, sparked by increased police attention — and the Shriners. In the summer of 1911, Rochester played host to the National Shrine Convention, when extracurricular activity led to a nude parade from cathouse to cathouse as the Shriners voted for “Miss Big Bottom of 1911.” And the Flower City can be greedy, too. The root of all evil in Rochester, as it is everywhere, is bacon, bones, bread — you know: money. A priest, an IRA member, and a retired cop walk into an armored car depot … in January 1993, armed men stormed the Brinks armored car depot and got away with $7.4 million. It was the fifth largest robbery in US history, and the crime is still unsolved. The cash is still out there. Fascinating stuff. But like we said before: they weren’t all good ol’ days in Rochester.

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DEVELOPMENT of a Photo City

[ ART ] BY REBECCA RAFFERTY

Photography moves out of industry and into galleries

George Eastman with Thomas Edison in Eastman's garden. Eastman's Kodak Company democratized photography. FILE PHOTO

ochester’s arts scene is vast and its styles are varied, but if we were to try and pinpoint a distinct movement or mode of expression that rose above the rest, photography is a clear stand-out. It’s not easy to quantify just how many professional and artist photographers live in and around Rochester; suffice it to say there are a lot. And we can point to the historic, industrial roots that made photography mainstream. 22 CITY • ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

Though the true, multi-staged birth of photography happened elsewhere, Rochester-based industry arguably democratized the field. George Eastman’s Kodak Company continuously refined and made pivotal advances in photographic technology in affordable and easy-to-use cameras and film. Perhaps the most notable development came in 1884 when Kodak created film — dry gel on paper — to replace the photographic

plate, so photographers no longer needed to lug around boxes of fragile plates and toxic chemicals. Eastman’s Kodak camera in July 1888 hit the market with the slogan, “You press the button, we do the rest,” and photography became even more widely accessible in 1901 with the massmarketed Kodak Brownie. Rochester today is home to the George Eastman Museum. Having opened in 1949, it’s the world’s oldest museum

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dedicated to photography and one of the world’s oldest film archives. The museum’s Selznick School of Film Preservation offers training programs for motion picture archivists and curators, and has gained worldwide recognition — its graduates are employed in leadership positions in public and private audio visual archives in 21 countries, helping to preserve large segments of humanity’s collective cultural memory. And Rochester Institute of Technology’s photography program continues to be a big draw for students from around the world, as well as for major, influential figures in photography. Renowned photographer and educator Minor White in the 1950’s worked as a curatorial assistant at the Eastman Museum (then the George Eastman House), where he organized themed exhibitions including “Camera Consciousness,” “The Pictorial Image,” and “Lyrical and Accurate,” created and exhibited his own work, and in 1955, joined the faculty at RIT where he was eventually appointed as instructor in the new four-year photography program. Celebrated photographer and educator Nathan Lyons was a curator of photography and an associate director at the George Eastman House and in 1969 founded the Visual Studies Workshop, which offers graduate studies relating to the history and practice of photography as art and photography-specific curatorial studies. Lyons also founded and served as the first chairman of the Society for Photographic Education, was the assistant editor of Image magazine, editor of Aperture, and founder of Afterimage. Among Rochester’s informal but ubiquitous nicknames are Image City and Photo City, which are also the names of local arts and entertainment businesses. With the powerful cameras in our pocketsized mobile phones, everybody can claim to be some kind of photographer. The roots of digital photography are in Rochester, too. Kodak had a hand in the development of early digital cameras: the company’s scientists in 1986 developed the world’s first megapixel sensor.

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ochester is a rock ‘n’ roll town. From garage to blues, punk to metal, and all manner of hybrids in between, the Flower City has been doing it since dirt was clean. And more than a few have put this town on the map. There was rockabilly guitar player Jerry Engler who recorded with Buddy Holly — Holly played the triangle on one of the two tracks, “What A You Gonna Do?” — and then there was Soul Brothers Six who penned the 1967 mega hit “Some Kind of Wonderful” while playing clubs on Rochester’s Northeast side. And bands like The

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Fugitives, in the 1980’s, brought Jim Carroll to town and backed him up, or The Chesterfield Kings who brought Bo Diddley to town. There’s a notable jazz scene here that goes back to the Cotton Club on Joseph Avenue (Bull Moose Jackson played there) and joints in Corn Hill (Dizzy Gillespie’s drummer, Eddie Israel, lived in Corn Hill and was part of the Cotton Club’s house band). And blues musicians like Joe Beard and Steve Grills build on the legacy of Son House, who lived in Corn Hill for about 20 years. And The Garage Pop Records-driven garage scene in the 1990’s reminds me of the current scene: brash, cocky, and all the way live. Flash-forward to today with a fresh crop of bands and artists on their way or just making a sizeable dent right here. Musicians like guitarist Greg Townson who trots the globe with Los Straitjackets, or Joywave who just performed on “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert,” and new bands like Hot Mayonnaise who mix arena rock with in your face punk rock. This has historically been a live music town and it still is. There’s something going on every night, eight days a week. While Rochester’s rock scenes fill

the bars and clubs, the city’s classical music scene lives on in performance halls. The vibrancy of Rochester’s classical music community can be traced — like a lot of things here — back to George Eastman. Eastman was such ardent music lover that he had a large pipe organ installed in his home (concerts are still regularly held at the museum, so check out the calendar at eastman.org). Rochester, of course, had music teachers and performers, but a string of investments made by Eastman in the early 20th century ensured that classical music would thrive in the city. Eastman and Emily Sibley Watson, who founded the Memorial Art Gallery, were benefactors of David Hochstein and, in 1919, contributed 28 CITY • ANNUAL MANUAL 2018

Kodak Hall in Eastman Theatre. FILE PHOTO

funds to create a music school that bears his name. The Hochstein School of Music and Dance, since 1920, has played an important role in educating Rochester musicians. In 1918, Eastman convinced the University of Rochester to open a professional music school; the Eastman School of Music opened for its first class in September 1921. A year later, the Eastman Theatre opened. The Eastman School, attracting students from around the world, has consistently been ranked as one of the best music schools in the country, and its library, the Sibley Music Library, is the largest music library in the US. Then, in 1922, George Eastman founded the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, which has, over its 96-year history, been regarded as a world-class orchestra. Education has also been a cornerstone value of the RPO, and about a third of its programming is educational or community-related. Those actions were important to create a solid foundation for classical music in Rochester. And today, organizations like the Society for Chamber Music, Pegasus Early Music, Publick Musick, the Rochester Chamber Orchestra, the Rochester Oratorio Society, First Muse, Rochester Lyric Opera, ROCmusic, and numerous other ensembles and community orchestras offer engaging programing almost year-round.

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