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THE PHILIPPINE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
276
TARLDOFCONTENTS
277
278
TAllLE OF CONTENTS
1'Alll,EO!CCON'lfNTS
279
280
UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HIJREAU OF AGRICULTURE
284
TWENTY-FJRST ANNUAL NEPORT
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
285
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REl'ORT 286 kilos, A close comparison of the amounts of the different classes of sugars obtained this year with those of the previous crop, reveals the influence of the centrals in the sugar industry of these Islands. During the 1919-20 campaign the proportion of refined sugar did not reach even 0.1 per cent, while this year it was exaetly 1 per cent; the centrifugal sugar advanced from 21 per cent in 192-0--21 and the muscovados fell from 79 per cent to 64 per cent, respectively. The 1921 prices in the municipal markets, as compared with those of the preceding year, were as follows: refined, ¥0.51 per kilo or ¥32.47 per picul against !"0.62 per kilo or N0.00 per pieul; eentrifUga}, '1"0.23 per kilo or 11"14.24 against !"0.46 per kilo or IP'28.18 per picul; mW!covados, 'P'0.14 per kilo o-r 'PS.90 per pieul against ¥0.35 per kilo or 1"22.45 per pieul; and panochas 'P0.19 per kilo or ¥11.96 per pieul against !"0.30 per kilo or 'P'l.8.95 per picul. Sixty.seven per cent of the total area cultivated and 76 per cent of the country's sugar production came from the four provinces of Occidental NegroB, Prunpanga, Batangas, and Iloilo. These provinces ttll'ned out 141,600,748 kilos of centrifugal sugar and 243,884,916 lalos of museovado. Tb.e ·tollowing table shows the area cultivated, production and total value of all by-products of sugar cane since 1910: T�u;: III.-&,ga,- ,,.ue m Uu Philippines
Coconl48.-With the sole exception o! 1918, when an un usually prolonged, intense drought caused great damage to coconut planta.tions, and was followed by a aeries of destructive typhoons which resulted in the destruction of over one million and a half trees, every year since 1910 has ehown an increase over t�t preceding, so that in 1921 there were over two and a half times (255 per cent) as many coo:mut trees in the 'Phil-
BUREAU OF AGRfCULTURE
287
288
TWENTl:'-FlRS1' AN:Nt'Al, REPURT TABLE rv
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
289
516, 29 9,700 liters of shel).ed corn which were sold for !1'38,187,266. The area planted this year was the largeat ever planted, it being 26 per cent larger than the average area for the 5.year period of the great war (1915-19 ) and 57 per cent larger than that for.the 5-Year period (1910--14) hnmedie.tely.preceding the war. The production was larger too by 12 per cent than the 1 915-19 average, and by 79 per cent than tbat for 1910-14, but was �ed by 7 per cent in 1919-20. Sildy and nine tenths per cent of the total area cultivated and 64.5 per cent of the total production was carried by six provinces alone. These were -Cebu, lsahela, Leyte, Occidental Negros, Oriental Negroa, and Bohol, named in the order of their importance. Data on the total area cultivated, the total production, the average price, and the t.otal value of this grain in the Islands since 191 0 , are given below.
----··------------ -��L;,,.,, 'p1� V�w, ------1---+---I
· Abaca..-'l'his important Philippine fiber, which for years oc cupied the second place among the leading crops of the Islands in the order of value of production, was ousted by sug11r eane in 1919, by coconuta in 1920, and this year passed even ,by corn, so that now it· occupies the fifth place only. This is due to the dis- tresSlngly steady fall in prices, which began declining the last year of the war, when the prices for all other article& advanced tremendously. As a result of these discouraging market condi� tions, and adverse labor and climatic disturhancee, many planters have turned their attention to the cultivation of other crops such as rice, corn or sugar, utilizing in many cases old abaca plantations and al'eas destroyed by typhoons and droughts. The area under cultivation of this product this year was 548,094 hectare� which was 2 per cent smaller than that of last year. The greatest decrease was registered in the average yield per hecUn"e, and consequently in the total production, which were 885 kiloe and 108,353,580 kilos, respectively. This pro-
290
TWENl'Y-FffiST ANNUAL REPORT
duction-the smallest production in the record of twelve years of the Bureau of Agl.'icultnre-was 84.4 per cent less than that of 1920. With such a considerable reduction in the total �utput and with the lowest quotation registered in the last five years, it is no 'Y(lnder that the value was only '1"26,829,221 or 57 .5 per cen.t le.ss than that obtained last year which was 3 per cent less than the corresponding ior 1918-19, which in turn was 30 per cent still smaller than that for 1917-18, when the total value of the Philippine abaea erop reached the highest mark ever known. The principal abaca producing provinces in the order of hec tarage are Leyte, Albay, Sorsogon, Camarines Sur, and Samai-. These have altogether 367,366 hectares planted or 67 per cent of the total abaca area cultivated of the Islands and produced this year 72,432,870 kilos of fiber or 67 per cent of the total production. The following table shows the total area cultivated, the pro dnc.tion, average price per kilo, and the total value of this product since 1910:
TobMCO.-With a deerease of 10 per cent in the area culti vat.ed and 18.7 per cent in the production of this year as com� pared with the pi'eceding year, tobaeeo came sixth in rank of value among the chief crops of these Islands. These decreases were due to the same causes that affected abaca, that is, low prices, drought, and heavy rains, and foi· the same reason � part of the area. that was used for planting to. baeco was this Year grown to rice and sugar cane. The area cultivated was only 90,980" hectares, yielding . 5�,!99,080 kilos of leaf tobacco, which was valued in the mu mc1pa] marketa at H,777,574 or 17 ceni:avos per kilo Despite these unfavorable results, the area plant� for this year waa 89,4 per cent greater thsn the average for the 5-yeal' period of war (1915-19), and 46.9 per cent greater than that
BUREAU OF AGRICLUfURE
291
292
TWENTY-FIRST A.-...NUAL REPOR'r
BUREAU 01'' AGRICUL'rURE
293
294
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
BUREAU OF AG!nCULTUliE
omcer.
Colony. GENJi'.JlAL STATEl"ffiNT
295
296
T\VEN'l.'Y-FI!!ST ANNUAL REPORT
TRANSPORTATION ANJJ REPAIR
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
297
298
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE XV.-Errpense., a,rJ. i,1«n>10 of the Bwrean of tho 11ear-Continu�-d.
237,D42.89 1,494,794.89 STA1'E/11EXT-SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS JANUARY 1 TO·Dl<JCERIIlER 31, 1921
OPERATION
1'90,000.00 40,84t3.12 13,358.38
Total expenditui·es.
213,807.2'1 '1>87,712..14 lc7'j",5Q .JR,57ii.7ii 10,129.30 147,648,58 G6,248,74
BDREAU OF AGRICULTURE
299
300
TWENTY-FIRS'r .L·•mUAL l!EPORT
SlHP:l!ENTS MADE AND RECEfVED 1,577 698 ,s
" ------�.31 2
14,467
333,900.GZ
DUREAU OF AGRICULTURE Yl�'J:ElUNAUY nn·1s10N
301
302
'l'\VENTY"FIRST AKNUAL REPORT
BUREAU OF AGRJCULTORE
303
304
TWENTY-l'JRST AKNUAL REPORT
BUllEAU OF AGRICULTURG
305
306
T1'•£XTY-F!RST ANNUAL RE:'ORT
llUREAU 01' AGRICULTURE
/307
308
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
BUUIMU OF AGllICULTURt,:
SlSIMAN :MATADERO
309
310
TWENTY-FlBST ANNUAL REPOR-T
before Christmas, and the importers stopped importation to resume it next year. The slaughterhouse, sheds, and fences h ad to be repaired by the importers the�elves as the Bure!"u had no funds with whi ch to undertake this work. No repairs had been made at thls station since its establishm ent, excepting the repairs made to the superintendents' house and the construction of a new pier. SAN LAZABO IMMUNIZTNG STATION The building and sheds in this station have been transferred to the College of Medicine and Surgery of the University of the PhUipPinea in exchange for the small conc:rete buHding belonging to that college loc ated on the grounds of the Pa nO.ac an Quarantine St ation. VETERINARY RESEARCH LABORATORY During the past year, we have installed at the laboratory 2 Sharples supercentrifoges of the small laboratory type with a Rix air compressor and a Fairbanks-Morse crude oil engine for operating the compressor and centrifuges; also a large electri cally heated water bath. This new equipment plus the refrig erating pl11I1t and the Matthews til!sue mill installed: during 1920, make it po.ssible to produce a larger quanti ty of anti-rinderpest vaccine. The main point at the present time, is to secure suffi cient.material from which to make the vaccine. The laborato17 :is still in need of some type of ball mill to get the vaccine in complete suspension before it is used. At the present time, mortars are uaed to work it up into suspension, which, to a certain extent, may subjeet it to external contamination. With the proper type o:I' ball mill, the changes for external contamina tion would, to a great extent, be eliminated. By aid of the Sharples contrifuge, we are able to produce c d i c te ::!�)��:;:°a �:���o:::·tu!1; ::n :�! �: 1ii�:. suapenslon. This IH!,sty vaccine has given good protectioii. to highly suaceptible animals, even 11fter being kept for as long as 6 montlu!. The vaccine is sent to the provinces in Ferrostat Thermos bottles, thus keeping it at a low temperature up to the time of use. During the past year, 30,000 animals have been vaccinated in various provinces with highly satisfaetory results. Numerous outbreaks of rinderpest have been smothered out and the owners of animals are well satisfied with the benefits they have derived from it. We have vaccinated With good results Herford cattle imported from the United States and dairy cows from Australia,
SElTIOX 1. Whenever rin�e,·vest infection exists in any provi11ce and the p>·uvinciul board h�s. by r�ooluUon, dcterrni.,eJ Urn irnmuniz�tion of
TWEN'l'Y-FJRET ANNUAL REPORT
312
This section of the law is not very satisfactory as the Director of Agriculture with too little authority too much chance for the entrance of political influence. rinderpest is severe in a district where immunization is under taken, it is usually fah:ly easy to obtain enough animals to operate a station at its capacit:\'. However, when with the progress of immunization in that locality rinderpest has been reduced to a minimum, it becomes very difficult to obtain Sltflkient animals. This is due to the fact that with the decline of rinder11est in that locality tho people lose their foar of the outbreak, are more inclined to take a chance with non-immunized animals and are aver�e 1o going to t.hii trouble of bringing in their animals and keeping them at the station during the time required for immun ization. On this account, we have frequently been compelled to close;! UJl stations before all the animals in the locality had been immunized. This in a way defeats the object of the inimuniza. tioii, as it leaves a certain numbel' of non-immuniied animals which niay later become infected and spread the rinderpest to adjoining regions where the animals have not been immunized. be amended to conSection 1 of Act No. 2518 original draft. fo1·m with that section as
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (/) (g) (h)
ACTIV1TIE6.-Agranomy
horticu/1,u,..,
Plant breeding. Seed and plant introduction. Vegetative propagative experiments. Cultural expeJ.•iments. Laboratory experiments. Fertilizer experiments. Crop rotation experiments. E ents- on preservation and storage of seeds and ��::1;
(i) ·seed and plant distribution. (J') Agricultuml eXploration. (kl Agricullurai intelligence Bervice.
RDREa.u OF AGUJCULTURE
313
(b) Lamao Experiment Station.-Three cottages for laborers and one implement shed were built during the year. A special allotment of �'-900 from Act No. 2898 was made available for th� rep11irs of the station fence. A good portion of the fonce was put in perfect condition. EXPERIMENT STATION WORK
There arc altogether 12 eXperimcntal and propagation sta tions under the supervision of the Plant Industry Division, SJNGALONG l'ROPAGATION AND T��'l'lNG STATION
314
'IWENTY-FlRST AN:SUAL REPOUT
ALABANG CENTRAL RICE BUEEDlNG STATlON
BDRMD OF AGRICULTURE
315
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL IIBl'ORT
season croppers. (h) Weed cont1·ol ""''>·im,mt.--Twc selected, and planted to after plantation the first to a depth of 15 centimeters. as the plants grew taller. water supply was cut to a sel'ie� of paddy were giyen water to a depth face level to 5 centimeters. In the paddfos of the first group whei•e the wai:€r was kept to a good depth, comparatively very few weeds developed and these seemed to ho of a few specie� only (Cypenw species and for the mast part). But in tho second group in great number. Hore In the paddies of the
IlUP.EAU OF AGRICULTURE
'l'ABLE XVI
,\
TWENTY-Fll'!ST Al'!NUAL REPORT
318
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secured. (!) Duty of v;atc!' nsed in frrigat-io-n.-This experiment is In its second year. The scheme of planting last year wllf; followed with the slight modification of having included in the test extn early ,·arieties, maturing in 118 to 130 days, instead of the 140day rice employed last year in the first aeries. The prepa1·a tion of the field and the methods of planting were the same as for the variety test. The average weekly water requirements for the preparation of one hectare of paddy land were found to be .682 second-liter in a five-week period, or an equivalent total of 2,162,368 liters of v.ater. The water required for the seedbed preparation in 011c week's time was .512 second-liter, amounting to 370,l.38 liters. The area of the bed was 333 square meters. During submergence an average flow equivalent to 1.519 s&eond-liters of water was all that was neco.,sary to mature 130day riee on one hect.'lre in a 12-week period; the 180-day rice would need in 18 weeks 1.465 second-liters; and the 200-day rice, 1,288 second-liters in 22 weeks.
BUREAU 01' AGRICULTr::P,E
319
320
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
LA�IAO EXPERIMENT STATlOK
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE 321 C. l�igi.spimi, 3 C • macropliyliti, 47 C. ma:i:ima., 9 C. medica. t . ft i C. 8�BnBis, 0 8 ;·;� ;Jt!i�;;: ::•i 8 1 During t � year, 21 varietieB o sweet orangee (C. Bi'll-lm8i8), 4 grape-fru�ts and 8 pomeJos (C. �ma:i,-imu,) were studied to de ermlne wh1clt we1•e beat. As a � result of this comparative test 1t was found that the 3,886 Duroi, 1,636 Washington Navel, Enterprlse, 4, 1&8 Magnum Bonum, 1,260 Excelsior and 2,689 ·539 Ruby were the varieties of sweet oranires mo.et worthy of1fur titer propagation and dissemination. The Cayo and Jaft'a sweet oranges can be ranked with the above varieties in quality and ftavor. The pom.elos are rather shy bearers under Lanum conditions whllethe grape-fruits are bearing good crops. Howevin-, amon� the latter group, only the Triumph variety h rui shown suflicient merit to justify wider culture. The trees in the citrus orchards at this station were budded on different stocks. As most of the hees ln fl.clds A and B have atte.ined maturity, an attempt has been made to correlate the adaptability of the diffeunt varletles of citrus on the different stocks. The results will be published in a separate paper. Mango--. Variety teat a.ml orchard invMtigation.-There are 18 varieties of mangos under trial in th.le station, including 7 Philippine varieties and 11 varieties of Indian origin, besides the several varieties recently imported also from India that are now in the plant shed a.waiting permanent plan.ting. All of these have grown very well at Lamao, but insect enemies attacking the twigs, leaves, and fruits, appear one after the other, keeping down the general health of the trees. The Indian mangos wen, observed to be more susceptible to the attack of these inaects than the native varieties. In addition to Maiagi/era indica,, the station has a number of trees of Mangifura odorata, M. 'i1Brtiaillata, ilf. wes� and M. foetid.a. One hundred forty-two plants consisting of both budded and seedling trees of native mango,;; were planted in the hill north of Field I. Co1]ee-Vf11i'iety test and selection.-Tbere are twelve species of coffee undel.' trial at Lamao, namely, Liberian, Ex.celsa, Abeo Qui cuta, Bukobensls, Dybowskii, eons:n, "£:ganda, �ep�ora,Abeo llou, Robusta, Stenophylla, and Zanz1ber;ca. Tbe;[.1ber1an, The cuta and Exceltla coffees have borne fruits during the year. re time second fil'!lt' two ,•a1ieties fruited for their first and planted spectively. Their yields were slight. The E�elsa coffee
� ::t::::i
r:'!�8
322
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
324
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAf, REPORT
IlUREAU OF AGRICUL'IUR E
325
ruma. Riee-(a) Vo;iiety test of upland iice.-Seventy-seven varie ties were planted this year, of which eleven varieties were found to produce over 30 cavanes per hectare. A considerable number of the seedlings were attacked by a disease which caused a gradual wilting of the leave� and rottcn ing of the roots. Other diseases observed were the smut, mildew, and another fungus disease that spotted ihe leaves. But only a little of the smut was found. (b) Ric"' acalimatizati(J'II, and qv.atantine.-The Californian rice, U. S. Department of Agriculture No. 1600, was planted on the quarantine ground November 25. A poor germination was noted. Better ge1·mim1tion was registered of the seeds of the two Persian rices Nos. 1 and 2. Corn-- (a) Pl'opagation.-During the year early part of this year a crop of some 46 cavanes of seed corn was pi·oduced. (b) ,Varfo/;/J te8t.-During. the latter part of the year a n.umb�r of corn varieties were received and scpamtely planted m thrn station. No report can be given as to the results of this test inasmuch a� t.he crops ar-e still standing in the field and not yet ready for harvest.
326
TWENTY-FlRST ANNUM, REPORT
LA CAR.LOTA EXPER!MENT STATION
Rice-(a) Variety test.-'-Under the variety test there were planted 209 upland varieties of r/ce, of which 3 varieties were from the United States, 2 from China, 9 from Japan, 9 from Saigon, 5 from Siam, and the re.st (181 varieties) natfre. Because of the drought during the latter part of the season, some varietie3 did not 11roduce 11 full crop. The following gave
IlURIM,U OF AGRICULTURE;
327
328
TWENtY-FIHST M;NUAL REPOllT
In the following table is given the maximum pel'Centage of sucrooe found in the cane juice for each of the 15 varieties, and the corresponding month: 'rABLE XXI
BUREAU OF AGllICliLTURE
330
TWENTY-FJRS'l' ANNUAL REPORT
BUREAU 01' AGRICULTUR!il
331
332
TWENTY-FIRST ANKUAL REPORT
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE 333 A solution eont�nlng 1 part of formalin water, 88 a drench In the seed bed, cheeked theand 50 parts of development of
!:f:f �1!::1:� 1::d 2� v;:: of
r
f!::
a
0 :: ::i!t! effeet, Trials were also made with an application of arsenate of lead in the pro�ortion of 1 part of arsenate of lead to 50 parts of water. This proved successful in prevBllting insect pest.a and Worms from eating the leavea. (e) Cultwrai treatment of seed beda.-lt was observed that the tobacoo seed sown in a shaded seed bed germinated earlier and gave a greater Percentage of germination than the seed sown in an open seed bed. Good results were obtained in growing seedlings in the sun by keeping the soil moist and covering the bed towards noon for at least 6 siiccessive days. Restricting the number of seedlings in the seed bed was found necessary u the plants became spindling and weak and were more fre quently attacked by fung!IB, when sown too thick. (/) Com and IJ/l8sava M shade crope,-Neither makes a shade crop for the produetion of wrapper, as shown by an ex� periment made at Dammao. Despite the proper spacing given, the tobacco leaves produced between the rows of corn and cas sava plants had uneven color, and some of the tobacco plants were damaged by the uprooting and falling of the corn and cassava phmts during high winds. With the r.assava planted side by side, the tobacco plants had a stunted gr.owth. (o) Sta!lc curing ,nperiment.� crop of 265 plants of the variety Anipa Broadleaf was t.opped on Apri,l 25, 1921, at the right stage, leaving an average of 11 leaves to plant. On April 28 the first four Ieavoo were primed. On May 10, the topped plants were cut. In harvesting the stalks with the leaves it required one minute to cut und another llllnute to colleet 6 to 7 plants. Wilting took place in from 10 to 17 minutes. As t;o. poling the stalks with leaves, the average time spent in spearing 15 stalks (which is the propel' number to have on 1 meter pole), varied from 8 to.4 minutee. The average num. her of leaves was 146. By air drying methods the primed lower leaves were cured in 26 days counting from the date they were set on poles. But the leaves on the stalk were eured in 85 days. Considering the qunli'W of th� finished products obtai.ned from poled stalka that were inferior, this method of curmg, though lees elaborate and more economical, is not to be recommended,
SB4
TWENTY-FIRST A.N1'.'1JAL REJ'ORT
(h) Air d,•yfug vs. s1m dryiny.-This test was performed in Apn1 1921. The leaves wilted in the sun ha,;e, after 26 days in th; curing shed, become spotted, lifeless, and brittle and had no uniformity of color, wbile those which were place? in � curing shed right after priming were more or less uniform m color and cure, and were flexible and without spots. (i1 Public eeed betls.-The station is maintaining seed beds of nearly cme-balf hectare in size for raising seedling for free distri bution. This practice has been effective in inducing the tobacco planters to use the varieties of tohaceo recommended by the Bureau. COTABATO TOBACCO STATION
Tobaceo-(a.) Variety test.-Thefollowing varieties were trie:l and cultured at the station: Florida Sumatra, Dammao Broad. leaf, Medium Fine Dammao, Connecticut Broadleaf, Connecticut Seedleaf, Havana., Repollo, Olsen No, 1, and Havana Wrapper. Of these, Florida Sumatra and Dammao Broadleaf gave the be.st �sults. Florida Sumatra. produced over 11 per cent cr.f the crop suitable for wrapper and Dammao Broadleaf gave 8 per cent. The crop of Florida Sumatra is remarkable when it is considered that the variety ill still in the process of acclimatiza tion. It contains many types and better results may be expected from thisyear's crop of selected strains. (b) Hybridization.-Besides the remarkable re.salts obtained with Florida Smrudra and 16 strains of other varieties isolated from the general culture, the station has been able to lay special stress on cross.breeding with a number of good varieties, using the Florida Sumatra and Sumatra Wrapper as the foundation stock, to produce wrapper of quality equal at least to the im ported lea'Ves. There have been newly introduced at the Btation c.onnectieut Round Tip, P. I. No, 7836 A and B, Batoli and Baker's Sumatra., which are all believed to be valuable material for this work, B0NTOC SEMI-TEMPERATE FRUIT STATION
Vegeta.bleg.......,Acc!imatuation wark.-Cauli:Oowers, kale, Brus sels sprouts, rape, chayote, soy beans (9 strains), garbanzo.s, and potatoes have been trled but so far only the soy beans, potatoes, and �e Brussels sprouts are making a fair growth. M1scellaneou.s. ltorticulture-Acelima.tization. worlc.-The fol lowing plants have been planted either in the nursery shed or in the pel'manent or<;hard during the year: apples {1S varieties), P eaches (5 varieties).' pears (11 varieties), eberries (8 varie . ties), plums (4 varleties), kakf (1 variety), grapes (6 varieties),
BUREAU OF AGRlCULTURl:J
l'ANGAS!NA!\'" RICE BREEDING STATTON
335
336
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REI'ORT
'"'
BUREAU OP ACR!CUI,TURE
DATANGAS COMMERCIAL Cl'fRUS STATION
CEBU CORN BREEDING S1'ATION
337
338
TWENTY-FIRST A."'<NUAL REPOR'.r
lSABE!.,A CORN BREEDING Sl'ATIO�
BUUEAU OF AGIUOUL'l'URE:
SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION AND DISTP.IBUTION ,od
339
340
'I'WE:'sTY-FJP.ST A.."IKUAL RF.PORT 1. Flli"Ir Tm:&-Continued.
SEED AND PLANT DISTRIBU'l'ION The following seed and plant thB Plant Industry Division during Deccmber,1921,inc1U£ive:
DUREAU OF AGRlCU LTUllEl
341
TWEt-'fY-FlRST ANNUAL REPOR'l'
342
DEU0.i.'1STRA'.1.'ION AXD L,XTE�SlON IJIVlSION
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (!) (.q) (h)
344
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL Illll'ORT
BUREAU Oli' AGRICU
LTURE 345 e 1 ar u!te �eourag:lng especiall y when it is consi � ::: :e �i nbu, ion wae made largely by sale The s e ��cl: :� mate�ials wer e � Bureau of Agricult� e, the nes and also private persons �ving good seed�:::i�:� At the cl�se of t'.19 year, there were the follow:ing seed and plant matenalil available for distribution:
r�f:?��S:EJ: · · ·-·-· · -·-· · =: ::_ _· · · Cassava ci,ttinp.. __ C.amote cuttings Banana aoodlinga e t
:::'t-7.: r!�� '.'...::.:::::::::=:::::::::::::::::::::.iii;; :::: ;
178 ,7 911, 18,Ul 11,600 ti,621 340,000 270 96,760
' ,,."'' "
.
8B, 8��
3
'
6,685 lIOME GARllENINC
Great emphasis was placed on this feature of the work in view of its i mportance to the people of the Islands. The total number of home gardens established as a result of the campaign in this connection is 170,772, In addition, this Division's field force assisted in treating, pruning and grafting some 15,300 trees of econom ic value. They co!lperated also in the planting of the follow ing trees:
CO!!Onut ........................... 1,007,950 896,001 Ban>1nas 318,242 Coffoo •...•.,.. Ce.c>10 ...... ·-·- ·-····-·"··-·-· 70,874 Ca.m.a.nch\lc. ........••. 46,666 Citrus ........................�··-·· 67,686 Annon>1ceous ··--···-·"······· 80,oll7 Papa:yn ................. 25,968 Jackhuit .................. 12,343 11,8 49 Mungo 10,813. Pineapple
7,891 Santol .....• 7,6�4 Guanalmno BreBdfruit 6,702 4,816 LanZ<lll ...... ll,161 Pili nut... Chi�o ....• 1,6 86 llfabolo 1,661 Kapok 1,872 Rimna .. 979 Cnsoy ·····-· .............. 78 4 Mi.cellaneous tree� .......... 907,000
The following tabulation shows the accomplishment in this connection:
346
'i'll'ENTY-FlllST ANNUAL REPORT
LECrum:s Oil CON!'El<ll�CLS
IIUREAU m' AGRICULTURE
Tutal gros 'nMl!lJ) .... .. ' l'otalexpoa,seaineun\,d . ........ .. ........... . .... · · .... ...... Income ..... ........... ... ······· ·-·········
.. ... ...........
347
4,777.22 3,160.00 1,G17.22
LA PAZ Dnlo:Xs·wATJQN STATION
Total gross income .. �·otal expeusea incnri·ed ... To\ulnet income.....
...................... . ................. ......
�.194.26 2,no.15 1,473.51
348
TWENTY-FIRSl' ANNUAL REPOP.T
/lLJ](E,\.1J OFM.:lll(LJLTll!( L
HU'mDrnND.\'rlONS
860
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
ou t a u ar a F m �=: �:deo::a�: ;�� :: :�, : d !�rj;?�It�: ought, : r:�!:°by th: schools, Some definite un�er.standi?g this matter. on eenis, to be had with the Bureau of E ducation i:!3 PLJlN'l' PESTS oo,i'TROL DIVISION ACTfflT'.I.ES p t c r E �;:�c:;d.:!t, � ak!� (G) i a�� : cellaneous pests and diseasea) (b) Plant quarantine service (cl Research work PERSONNEL 1 Chief o.f division. 1 Supervising plant inspector. 1 Assistant plant pathologist. 1 Entomological preparator. 2 Plant inspectors. 6 Assistant plant iru;pectors. S Junior plant inspectore. 1 Clerk-stenographer. 1 Assistant clerk. 1 Draftsman. 18 Laborers. LOCUS1' EXTBRMINATION The locust infestation this year has gradually increased from twenty towns during the month of March to nfnety towns be ·tw'een the middle of July and Aag11st, 1921, and by the end of the year there were fifty.eight t.owns infested. The reasons for such inerea.se of infestation are: fl.rat small number of people living in places where such infestations occur; second, infesta tions mOBtly originated from cogonal regions far from the reach of people and then swal'llled to other places or islands; and third., the great distance between barrios, especially in the southern ielends where the barrios are from BO to 40 kilometers apart, and consequently, the few people in an lllfested barrio cannot cope with the work, It is impracticable to send people from one barrio to another to help the infe!lted barrio due to lack of tra�portatlon facilities. and subsistence. Talce, fol' example, a barrio about 30 kilometers from other com munities. People from such communities journeying to an in fested barl'io would apend more than a day on foot. The amount of 15 centavos authorized for a meal is not sufficient ve
:! :�:�:
llUREAU OF AGRICULTU RE
352
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
uted by this office in Spanish and English. During the year, this offico distributed 701 kilos of white arsenic and some car. hon bisulphide in connection with this campaign, gratis to the farmer.a, municipal and provinclal authoriti�s, who requested the poison in the form of letters and resolutions, and personal requests. Where an infestation hall been severe, onr inspectors were sent to the place and they distributed poison or personally supe.r\llsed the work of killing rats or actually doing the work of extemrlnatlon. Acting upon the recommendation of this office, the Provincial Board of. Camarines Sur bas adopted a resolution to the effect that, in order to make the killing of rats more effective, a committee of three (compos.ing the municipal president, the municipal treasurer, and the municlpal ehief of police) bas been authorized in each municipality of the province to purchase field rats at the rate of 2 centavos each, Dead rats after pur chase are to be mutilated or burled. The amount to be paid will come from the gratuitous funds allotted by this Bu�au to tbe Province of Camarines Sur, or from any other sum e&pe cialiy apprOJ)l'iated for the extel'mination of agricultural pests by the province itself. ABACA DlSEASBS' EIPEEUMENTS
Physiclogical ,experiments were conducted in Silang, Cavite, to :find out the cause of abaca heart-rot and root.rot diseasea, and to determine the moot practical. way of controlling these diseases. Experiments wue condu�d along the following lines: (a) Different varieties (B2 in hll) were planted, whe!'e many of the abaca plants bad died, Seeds were obtained from UI. Carlota Experiment Station and from the diseased plnntation of Si1ang, Cavlte. (b) Different fertilizers were applied, as it was believed that the canse of the diseases might be due to certain soil toxics · ' or soil acldity. Al! a result of these experiments, the following conclusions have been drawn; (1) Disease-:esistant plants can be de\'cloped from seeds of . d1ffel'ent varieties, (2) Different varieties show different degreea of resistance . to the disease, (SJ Sca�d seedlings In abandoned diseased plantations are . becoming resrntant plants.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
353
The belief that the acidity of the soil is the cause of the diseases :pl'oved to be true as the rapidity of the rate of growth of the disease in relation to the degree of the alkalinity of the fertilizers used, i. e., the combination of ash, lime, und Mdium nitrate, induced the most rapid growth, while the ammonium sulphate, which is the acidic fertilizer, induced tho slowost growth. COCONUT PESTS AND DISEASES
PLANT IN"SPECT!ON BBRVICE
354
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
Totlll h<:>rtieulturnl imports fou11d wllh baggages.....
S0,246 l,07
� 1
Total horticultural impDI'ts by mail ...
1,078
r�
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
355
Duri �g the Y?ar 162 eel"ti:fieatea have been issued at the port �m�a eovermg the following exported plant materials· 4 606 p ani:8, 516 cuttings, 257 packages of seeds, and io9' coi c�:� . At the pOl't of Cebu, three cerlifieates were Issued for 2 co conuts and 3 baskets of mango fruits. A: the POl't of Iloilo, two parcels of plant materials were certified for exportation. At Zamboanga, 1, 102 parcels of plant materials were certified for exportation. ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMBNS
MIBCELLANOOUS PESTS
Several pests and diseases were reported this year, The most widely prevalent pests reported duri:ag the year were the two species of rioo cut-woxms (Prudenia, libum, and Spodoptera mau ritia.), Reports were received from La Union, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, Bate.ngas, Tayabas, Bata.a:n, Pampanga, and Mindanao. Inspectors were dispatched to show the best ways to get rid of the pests by giving instructions and holding meetlngg with the townspeople, explaining to them the best method of controlling these pests, Another rice pest reported during the year was the riee bug, locally known as "atangia" (Leptoeorisa; u;cuta). Circu1ars con taining inatructions as to the best method of combating thls pest were distributed to the farmel's conC<lrned. PLANT DISEASES LABORA'fOl!JlS
The work on plant diseases has been continued as last year. Mr. Mariano Medalla, Asslsbmt Plant Pathologist, has been specializing on sugar cane, devoting niost of his time to the F�ii disease and downy mildew of sugar cane. Other diseases of sugar cane known in this country are, ac cording to the Plant Disease Laboratories, as follows: Pineapple disease, mosaic disease, yellow stripe disease, top rot, HoZmins t d e :::e::!��a::� f!:::::d :::��:� '���:h �o :;;: red spot, smut, rust, illeras1ni11s l'OOt disease, sheath spot, Ph.yUa-
::�=�
356
TWENTY-FJRST ANNUAL REPOR'f
RECO::.IMENDATIONS
L It is recommended that three or four experienced men be employed as temporary locust inspcdor;;, whose duties shall be to go about and see that the provisions of the Locust Law are enforced and to conduct organization campaigrn, especially in the infested province;;, This organization work was done by this office in 1917 in the l'rovinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, and PaI1gasinan and the results were highly satisfactory. 2. It is also recommended that afforestation be pushed to control the locusts.
L_____
"'""' "'' ""'" ''""'' '''"" '""'"'"" ""'""
.
Tl\",.......,_,_,,.,.,.U.U. R....,.r, JlOIC.U�F AGJUCI/L'J<III•
PLATEVUI
BUREAU Ol' AGRIOULTURE
357
'3. The value of plant iMpection and plant quarantine work hrui been ernphasiied many times. F�r this reason, it is strongly recommended that plai,t inspection houstls similar to that built in front of Pier 5 be constructed at the ports of �ebu, Iloilo, and Zamboanga, and, if posWble, nt Joio. A piece of lan<l should be acquired by this Bureau·fol' isolation'purposHs in the ports of Manila and Zamboanga, 4. Frequently plant quarantine inspectors of this division detailed at the port oLManila work overtime without any extra compensation, aometimes until 10 o'clock at nigl1t and 1\;ho!e Sun� daya and holidays due to arrivah of big consignments of fresh fruits and other plant materials, The importers or interested persons want the inspection work expedited and axe wiliing to pay the men so they nrn.y remove the consignment from the Custom House or the piers as soon as possible.- The inspectors oblige them-\vithout accepting their offers of payment as there is no provision in the law allowing them to do so. In view of the above, it is recommended that. the plant quarantine in spectors at the-i;o1'1; of theManiia l,e giveu foe �aine privileges to receive compensation as are given to the employees of the Bureau of Customs for working overtime. It is hoped that the Federal Government-which was already asked-will aid the Philippine Government by having the anny help us exterminate.the locusts by the use of poisonous gas. FIBER DIVISION
PERSONNEL
During the fiscal year covered by this report, t�e person:nel of the fiber di\'ision consisted of one chief, one ass1s!ant chief, eight supervising fiber inspectors, , sixtee1'. fiber mspec�o�s, twenty-five assisbl.nt fiber irupectors, two assistant agi:onolllls'CS, two agricultural assiatant:i, six clerks, and several laborers. FIBER. GRADING AND lNSl'EC:rlON
con The enforcement of the fiber grading and in�pection asfunctemplated by Act No. 2380 constituted the most important tion of the fiber divh;ion during the �·ear. �r gradmg It was in connection with the enf?r�e.ment of.the fib s e ra c and. inspection Ja, v lhat1:e :�er �1��t� ;::e;:: t o ;� 9 i9 ��; a e y a plamt.ifrom L ondon.
358
TWEN'l'Y-FIRST ANNPAL REPOP.T
omce began to receive some complaints from London 1·cgardi� alleged defective quality of abaca being received from the P h1l . ippines, but it was not until the year 1920 that the complamts becamo sufficiently importa11t to require attention. The cause of the complaints seems to rest :mainly on the de pressed condition of the fiber market in Europe as a result of . the world war. At the beginning some of the comp]umts alleged inefficiency of the Government to carry on proper inspection of the fiber, but later the complaints dealt with the real or imagi nary deterioration of the fiber due to causes as numerous and as varied as the many theories presented by the London import ers. In some cases the complaints were reasonable, as for example, when the fiber received by the importers had been in storage for a long time before exportation. It is an undeniable fact that abaca fiber long held in storuge deteriorates in strength and color, and the lower the grade, the quicker is the dcteriora. tion in strength. Another ground fer complaint is the admixture of Canton and Pacol with abaca of the lower grades. Canton and Pacol fibers are far inferior in strength to abaca fiber and their admixture with the latter fa Jll'ohibitcd by law. Being weal, fibers they cannot be stripped in the fine grades and therefore be mixed with abaea of the finer grades. But the case very different when the same weak fibers axe mixed with low grade abaca where it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to detect the adulteration due to the similarity in color and cleaning to Jowgrade abaca. To put a stop to lhi11 adulteration of ubaca and to protect th� interests of the foreign importer, and also at the same time to curtail production to enhance the price of fiber in these Islands, this office recommended the adoption of Administrative Order No. 13 on April 28, 1921, which eliminates the production of low grades of abaca fiber. This ordet· was originally recom mended to take effect on June 1, 1921, but it was not approved by the Department Secretary until July 20, 1921, and ii, became effective September 1, 1921. In connection with this Admin istrative Order it might be of interest to note that the net stocks of baled abaca fiber at l\l!anila and Cebu were reduced 130,000 bales after the Order had been in effect four and at the same time an increase in quotations of from to four pesos per picul was noted. With regard to the classification and baling of fibern in the gradin� cstablis�ments, tl1e w ork was can1ed on during the . . . year with very little friction, if any al all, cxccpt in oniJ case . wlnch occurred on 01· about Augnst 15, in Legaspi, Albay, where
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
GRADING STATIONS A'KD ESl'ABLlSHMEN'IS
ABAOA INVESTIGATIONS
359
360
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL U.EPORT
Ayave.-The group comprises sisal and ruaguey, henequen, zapupe und agave sp. All of them were repork!d by l\fr. A. H. Lee, :i\1ycologist, Bureau of Science, in June 1921, to be badly infected with anthracnose disease. Subsequently the Superin tendent of La Carlota was instructed to observe a strict quaran tine of the affected plants to prevent the spread of anthracnose, On July 22, 1921,·. the Superintendent reported that sisal and henequen were not affected by anthracnose; maguey was slightly affected while zaPupe was badly attacked. The trimming and burning of diseased parts and whole plants as well as the spray ing with lime-sulphur solution were accomplished. On October 7, 1921, he reported again that the infection continued to spread in spite of the spraying and the sanitary measures obllerved. Consequently he ordered the attacked plants t o be dug up and throvm to the river. Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) .-The kapok tnics under observa tion are of two groups: those grov:n from seeds and those from cuttings. Judged from the number of pods yielded by each tree, those grown from cuttings aTe more productive. As to longev ity, nothing is as yet certain. TreeR of both groups ar� doing well. Bats are injurious to green pods. The harvesting of ripe pods begins from March and last8 till June. There are three rows of Bornbax cam.iguinensi.�, seventeen plants in all planted a distance of 6 x 6 meters at this station. They are gro,�ing well.
llUREAlJ OF AGRICULTURE DISTRIBUTION OF FIBE!t PLANTI NG MATERlALS
861
During the yea.r there were distribu ted tho following plant ing materials:
362
TWENTY·F!RS'.r ANNUAL REPORT
In m�st cases competition of a serious nature in any industry is a result of 'faulty preparation o f the article for market. Pleasing the consumer, in a great measure, offsets probable competition. The statement is often made that "abaCU fiber bas no equal in the hard vegetable fiber world/' This stu�e ment is true only when abaca fiber is properly prepared, viz, by being stripped free from pulp and properly handled so as not to become damaged before it is baled for exportation. The only serious complaints that have been registered agaillst abaca fiber by fol'€ign consumers, has been registered against the defedive method of preparing the fiber for exportation. The 1-eputation of ahaca fiber in the consuming markets is wholly in the bands of the abaca fiber producers. Without their cooperation in properly clenning and preparing their fib er for the market, the Government is powerless in sustaining the repu tation and commercial value of our fiber in foreign markets. The Government has :from time to time, during ihe pre viou!I eight years, since the I•l.ber Grading Lew had been in operation, carried on extensive campaigns in the abaea producing provinces with a view of improving the methods of stripping, thereby improving the quality of the fiber produced and insui•ing the producers a better financial return for the amount of labor involved. Other aotivities.-In response to the invitation sent to the Philippine Government by the London authorities to participate i n the "London Eitltlbition of Rubber, other tropical products and allied induidrlell" whicli was held On June 8 to 17, inclusive, 1921, the B�au of Agriculture sent in the latter part of March, 1921, a large collection of· exhibits among which was a fiber exhibit prepared by this sootion. These fiber exhibits were given the 1st award (gold medal) i n fiber competition. RECOMMENDATIONS The importanee and urgency of the establishment of abaca trial plots in at least four abaca districts, for example, Cavite, Albay, Leyte, and Davao, cannot be overemphasized, Whatever results �e might obt.ain from one place cannot be applied exactly m another. The best varieties that were found in one place .are not neceHBarily the be.st also in other places, as our urgent n ecessity of abaca plots H o en �e:i ; tt :aea ::ic:� A!IIMAL L."1BUnANCJi: DlVlSJO:S ACTIVITI!i:S
(a.) Enf01�ement of the Draft Animals Insurance Law.
BUREAU OP AGRICULTURE PERSO;,jNEL
363
364
·.rWENTY-FlRST ANNUAL REPORT
CONCLUSION
IIUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
365
RURAT, CREDl'l' DlVISION
rural credit loans from banks.
SCTlPE OF WORK
366
TW8NTY-F1RST ANNUAL REPORT
l,'AR)f s·r.1TIS'l'ICS nn"ISIO N"
BUREAU OF ACRICL'LTURE
367
368
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAI, REPORT ADMINlS'IRATION
The activities of the Animal Husbandry Division were prae ticall;y the same as in the preceding year in spite of the financial depression wbieh reigned during 1921. While to some extent this divW.on had to curtail some of the work on certain projects, limit its expenses, its suppliea and matel'iab;, and even reduce its force in the field, the public breeding service was not greatly affected. There were 2,868 servicea rendered by the Bureau's sires and the births during the year numbered 3,014, the offspring being worth about 1"108,600. These results are sliglltly lass than those of last year due mainly to the fact that in 1921 there were only 99 sire.e while in 1920 there were 128. The increasing interest in animal husbandry increased the nmnber of inquiries and the writteIJ and verbal ·re}llies thereto made by the Division during the year greatly as compared with 1920. The activities during 1921 were carried on under twelve funetional accoun'b!., as follows: 1-G Divisional Administration. 2-G Alabang Stock Farm. 8-G La. Carlota Experiment Station. 4-G Cebu Breeding Station. 5-G Batangas Breeding Station. 6-G Dingle Poultry.Swine Station. 7-G Balayan l;'ouJtry.Swine Station, 8-G Naic Poultry-SWltle Station, o:q. Tiaong Poultry-Swine Station. 10-G Oriental Negros Breeding Station, 11-G BaYOmbo_ng Cattle Breeding Station, 12-G Other Stations. �e were purchased .from the United States during the year for the Plll'pose of introducing new blood to upgrade the their adaptability, and fol' sale and for ;� �=� ::e��: r :1"'22,965.46 G,000,00 820,00 560.00 6G0.00
BUREAU OF AGnICULTURIT
STATIONS MAINTA!Nb'D BY THE RUREAU
TAl<t.E XXVII.-Safo� of 1Jm•atn1 ,rni;nnl.s.
Several inspection trips were made by the chief of the divi sion and other employees of the central office to the various stock farms and stations during the year.
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
371 ALABANG STOCK FARM: About the middle and towards the close of the year hog cholera, surra, rind� and foot-and-mouth disease were common around the neighborhood, but none ot these diseases entered the farm because of the precautions taken againet any possible contamination. Strict quarantine was observed as soori as the outbreak of any disease in the neigbborhood bacame known. The public breeding work was also temporarily sus pended, while all the station carabaos, cattle, and swine were immunized against rinderpest and hog cholera, respectively, by veterinariansfrom thecentra.lofflce. Cro.ss--breeding experiments were also started at Alabang dur ing the year with different types of sheep, goats, cattle, and chiclmns for the purpose of studying the eff'ects of certain nrlx tures of blood. Of coUI'!!e these experimenbl will have to be carried on for a number of years before any conclusion can be drawn. FeedS.-The station produced all the forage needed and also the following grains for feed: 48,28lea:r&oicDl"11 1,938 esrs of wrn (for Beed). B00kiloso£oornpods. 1'1,acksofpoorearsofcorn. 60 kilos of i;otghum g&eds. 1,84tkllosofpnlay. H0t·ses .-The horses were all in good condition in apite of the dry condition of the pastures during the first and 88CODd quar ters of the year and the forced eon:flnement of all the mares and their young in a small pasture·during the beginning of the third qwni:er till the end of the year due to the presenoo of the surra disease at the Bureau of Science site, just adjacent to the f a�. During their confinement �ey were. given mixed feeds and d1f-
fei;:;:; ��!�ra:ree stallions-one hackney, one thorou h �
bred, and one jack-were received at the farm for upbreeding purposes. 1� --···-·····-·-·······-······-·-········· On hand lal!t yeal"" ..• ···-· .. ---··-··· Blrtha during the yoox --·-·-·-··--·······-· ····--······-.. s Received dllrlng the yenr -·······--·--·····-····--· ---······-······-··-'"·····-· 1 Trnnafcrsduring thayijar.·-··-·-········· ·····-········-··· ..--······ 1 Deaths durlngtlui�ar ..-.................. ·· 21 On hand nttha e:,d oftheyt,nr ---·-·-·-·· ·····-····-··-·····-·-····-··-··· condition good in Ca.tt!e The wotlt ballocks were all or out the �r. The.Y were not affected by the dry weather
throur·
372
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REl'ORT
Jndlon-Jl:ollore Cattle at /llobon� 8\ook Form, Rizal, bolon•I"" lo U.o Dooo"-m""I ,I /lorioullu"' and Nolural R.. ,.,... u ••• /lol No. 27�S
Bu:tmA.u OF AGRICULTURE
374
TWENTY-FIRST A.,"[NUAL HEl'ORT
LA CARLOTA BXPER!MENT STATION
DUl:EAU OF AGRICULTURE
375
n " s
' "'"
76 25
376
'IWEN'J'Y-1''11\S'l' AN°'.'!UAL REPOR'I'
CEBU BREEDING S'l'ATION
BUREAU OF AGRICUL'runru
BA't'ANGAS BREEDING S'l'A'J:!ON
ORIENTAL NEGROS BREEDING STA'fION
follows:
377
'fWENTY-FlR-ST ANNUAL REPORT
378
n
Number of chicke1rn raised at the Btation belonging to the Province of Oriental Negros:
Chickens belo:,-,' five montlis old are not induded in this list. l'OUL'fRY-SWlNE S'l'ATIONS
ten coOpemtive poultry-swine the Bul¡eau. Some of the
and four 1Jtations
'rABLil XXIX
OONGABON STpclK FARM
The Bongabon Stook Farm belongs to the Department of Agdculture and Natural Resources (Act No. 2758). The Bu reau of Agriculture hes a small herd of goats at this station. During the year six were born, three were sold, and four died, and at the end of the year tb.ere were ten goats at the station. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. That the Philippine LegiBlature provide b'beral funds for the purchase of animals and poultry, for the establishment of more breeding stations and stock :farms and for the proper compensation of personnel to take charge of the work. 2, That a Jaw should be enaeted obliging the provincial board in every province to set aaide a certain Bum of money aB a n
TWENTY-FJHST ANNUAL RRPORl'
380
(,)
(q<1arterly).
"' '" (,)
At tl1e beginning of the y<2ar there were 18 employees-9 permanent and 9 temporary. By December 31, 1921, flviJ of thâ&#x201A;Ź temporary employee3 had been dropped. The Phili1,pine Agrfo11.ttu1"a! Rm;iew.-At the beginning of the year there were almost 2,000 names on the free mailing list of the REVmw. To economize this number was r<2duced to 1383 and the number of printed copies ordered was reduced from 2,000 to 1,200. The Philippine printing and four
BOBEAU OF AGRICULTURE 381 Bulletin No. 32, Plant Propagation and Frul� Culture 111 the Tised ccllt!on) by P. J, Wester, 2,000 Tropics (re copies. Sold at'1'1or.P1,'1)postpaideach. . Bulletin No, 1S. The Mango (revised edition) by P. J. Wester, 2,000 pl 11 o t Bulletin No. 37, ru: ;:�:!n ;n'!� r :;� :a� �o:�. Camus, p 2,00 0ooples. Soldati"lor ¥.l.40pDStp11ideach.
Cirmdars tmd miBcellanoous publicatume.-The following cir� culars were printed during the year: Cin:ular No, 119, Cultural Directions for, Field Cl'O!,lll and Vegetables (English and Spnnlllh). '.l'he Cu!Uv11.ti1111 nnd Uses of Roselle (Engli Bh). The PresiltVDtion of Tropical Fruit. (English). The Breadf?ttit (English). The P1·epa1'&tion allCI Pacltlng of Seed and :;Mons for ShlpDlellt in the �opic� (English and Spanii;h). Circular No. 124. Notes on Horse lkeeding In tM l'hilippines (Englieh nnd Spa.nlsh). Circuta:r No. 126. Loeust Ext.ermination (English and Spanish), Cb:eular No. 127, Napiei: Grass and Its Cultnre (English and Sp<Qli•h). Circular No. 120. Cireular No. 121, Circular No. 122, Circular No. 123.
The following articlea of the Philippine Agricultural Review were also reprinted and are now distributed as miseellaneous publications: "Notes on Ad!ny" "Agusa.n, Its Nntur:il Resoul'CCS and �velopment" "Cotnbato: Its Nat111,11.l Resow'lles and Development� "Davao; Its Natural Resolll'Ces and Development" "SuJu A>,cldpelago: Its Natural Resouroos and Developnumt'' "Zamboanga. Pzovinco: Its Natural Resou�s 11.nd Developmtont."
PubUca,tions dist,Wuted.-The total number of publications distributed during the year. was �5,766 as against a tot.a.I of 45 :::: �:��;· figures show in detail the distribution of publieations: Bulletin (English) . ......do.- (Sp1U1ish) Circular (English) .. .. ...... do.... (Spanish) Annual Report .......... _.........................-, ...... : .... ·�-;··.. : .............. . Misc.illanoons puhlicntlons .. ·-···---:-....··-·.--·-· g d to Phillppino Agri<lllltnrnl RoYieW (mcludm cop,ee disblbnte
��:;���1�r (E�gi\�)"'{"j;;j;;n;-;. eopi;;·di-��,;;;d·t-;;-�;b-� p;ifi!
1 F. �:�:����:��... -��.�- ·:.�'.�::����::��������.�:::��::
Totol ....... -....................
'·"'
0,pi<o. 6,618 B,509 2,649 2,146 1,445 2,704 21,0:16 35,843 S5,760
382
TWENTY-�'lRST 'ANNUAL REPORT
BUREAU OF AGlliCULTUR8
RECOMME-::.DA'lTONS
0
383