Jaali by Roshni Krishnan

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Jaali ReFormed

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Harsha VardhanV | Roshni Krishnan | Yash Khemka

History of Jaali Jaali, means a net in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Urduâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, used as term for perforated stone wall with an ornamental pattern. This was used as an architectural pattern in the ancient Hindu temple architecture and the IndoIslamic architecture, more generally in Islamic architecture around the world.

Jaali helps in lowering the temperature by compressing the air through the holes. The velocity increases when the air passes through the holes.

Reference : Wikipedia, Tomb of Akbar the Great, near Agra, India.

History of Jaali

Jaali also goes by different names in different parts of the world.It is called Mashribiya in Central Asia and Cobogo in Brazil. Reference : Archdaily ,A history and uses of Cobogo, https://www.flickr.com/photos/henna-und-mehr/3309149762

Historical Precedents of Perforated screens

Reference :Traditional perforated screens of India, Thesis Project ,2015 ,AA London.

Traditional architecture has always looked at simple solutions for challenges posed by climate & environment . Perforated screens (Jaali) have been extensively used in hot climates to provide the adequate amount of ventilation, day light, solar radiation . They are usually intricately carved and are known for their craftsmanship.

Reference : https://issuu.com/pavitrasanathkumar/docs/traditional_perforated_screens_of_i

Contemporary Uses Perforated screens have evolved over hundreds of years changing and adapting to requirements of the gradual change of climate and lifestyle.

Reference :Traditional perforated screens of India, Thesis Project ,2015 ,AA London.

Climate Mapping, India Various Jali types â&#x20AC;&#x201C;material and porosity differences found across Indian climates

Hawa Mahal ,Jaipur

Tomb of Salim Christi , Agra

Padmanabhapuram Palace ,Kanyakumari

Reference :Traditional perforated screens of India, Thesis Project ,2015 ,AA London.

Psychrometric Chart:

Jaipur city categorized as hot and dry climate demonstrates the need for evaporative cooling and internal heat gain control to achieve indoor comfort Reference :Climate Consultant.

Principles: AIR FLOW: “Venturi’ s principle states that air is compressed and increases its speed when passed through a funnel causing a breeze”. Thus, when air passes through small apertures of the Jaali, its velocity increases. So even with the mild breeze outside, one can feel the air velocity inside.

Bernoulli law states that when air is compressed and released it becomes cool”. Jaali also follows the same principle as illustrated above1, when the air passes through small apertures of the jaali, it becomes cool. Reference : 1. 2. 3.

Bernoulli Principle http://www.aircav.com/img/cav/turbine/fig2-10.jpg Mass Regimes: Geometric Actuation of Thermal Behavior Dana Cupkova and Nicolas Azel Thermal Mass,Trombe Wall ,https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/trombe-wall-and-attached-sunspace

THERMAL MASS: They work on the basic principal of shortwave radiation conversion to sensible heat, a process affected by the mass to surface ratio of the system . Surface-to-mass ratio range of 1.12 is where the geometric articulation of the surface area behaves more actively that affects thermal behavior as show in graph below.

Towards a New Aesthetic: Responsive Weathering

Inspiration : Surface geometries of natural phenomena like termite mounds ,Ant hill ,beach sand to understand the weathering patterns.

Reference : 1.

Oxymoron,Skyscraper Project , Schengen,China by Luca Peddrielle , http://www.3d-dreaming.com/2013/11/oxymoron-skyscraper-project-in-shenzhen.html

Beach Sand Pattern,Bob Janules, https://in.pinterest.com/pin/546765210981185711/?lp=true

Inside Of Broken Cathedral Termite Mound , Kakadu National Park ,Northern Territory , Australia, http://photographersdirect.com/buyers/stockphoto.php?image=3224636

Termite Ant Hill, Mount Moreland Conservancy, http://www.mountmorelandconservancy.co.za/Bio-Diversity-Mount-Moreland-Conservancy/Termites-Ant-hill.html

Towards a New Aesthetic: Responsive Weathering experiments

Experiment: Multiple tests were performed on freshly cast west cement panel to understand the weathering effect on various material consistencies.

Inspiration : Termite mounds, Ant hill

Towards a New Aesthetic: Attention to detail and Material Craft

Inspiration : Material quality and ability of the craft to express the tactile quality was studied by looking at marble sculptures to explore its possibilities in the digital paradigm era.

Reference : 1.

The West Wind, 1876 Marble Gift of the Isaac Gordon Estate through the Lincoln Rochester Trust Company,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ridgeway_Gould

Bernini Sculpture, https://in.pinterest.com/pin/339599628130290587/?lp=true

Sculpture, Artist: Chauncey Bradley Ives, American, 1810–1894,Undine Rising from the Waters ,https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/2729

Raffaelle Monti (1818–1881), marble, 1846–1847 , Chatsworth House ,Derbyshire,https://www.chatsworth.org/art-archives/devonshire-collection/sculpture/a-veiled-vestal-virgin/

Towards a New Aesthetic: Attention to detail and Material Crafting Experiments

Experiment: We explored the tactile quality of folds was experimented by draping and adapting the fabric on a wooden frame before casting cement.

Inspiration : Marble Sculpture folds

Fabrication set up : Adaptive casting

Fabrication set up : Adaptive casting Pouring Cement + Water mixture

Weathering with Air pressure

3-4 mins

Cement Mixture (2:1) of 2 parts rapid set cement to 1 part water was mixed. Paint was added to create the meandering texture.

Weathering the surface using a air blower under pressure

Fabrication set up : Fabrics

Elastic Polyester elastomer

Plastic table sheet

Elastic fabric allowed the cement cast to stretch more than the stiff plastic sheet. However ,plastic sheet had crisp folds developed in the panel

Fabrication set up : Frames tested

15 x 15 cm flat wood frame with cardboard hang frame Tests 1-4

15 x 30 wood frame on raised legs Tests 5

45 x 45 cm wooden frame with holes to insert sticks Tests 6-13

Frame sizes of different sizes made from basswood was tested as the iterations evolved. Adaptive casting with capabilities to vary the parameter as in the third picture were finally developed .

Fabrication set up : Testing elasticity

Fabrics were stitched and pulled to test the elasticity and vary the base geometry. Crease and folds were carefully integrated while draping the fabric.

Performance Testing and Validation: Principles of Airflow Velocity Increase

CONTINUITY EQUATION Flow obeys continuity equation which says that area is inversely proportional to the velocity of air.

Performance Testing and Validation: Simulation Digital model was simulated in Autodesk Flow which yields an increase in air velocity as air flows through the perforation. Wind tunnel with 5 m/s was setup .

Air Velocity (m/s)

Performance Testing and Validation: Simulation

A closer look at the surface through which air funnels through. The size of the funnel as studied from continuity equation is validated in the simulation. The velocity was observed to increase from 5m/s to about 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10m/s.

Air Velocity (m/s)

Performance Testing and Validation: Casts

Physical casts

Performance Testing and Validation: Measurements

The air flow velocity was tested using a fan. Measurements were done using a hand held anemometer.

2.8 m/s

2.8 m/s speed on the cast side(blobby side) and 3.1-3.3 m/s on the other side. Wind velocity increase of 10-12 % is observed.

3.1 m/s

Experimental Process

Experiment Process

Experimental Process Multiple Tests Results

Thank you