Co2crc annual report11 12 by Roslyn Paonin

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ANNUAL REPORT

WWW.CO2CRC.COM.AU

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RESEARCHING CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

CORE RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

INDUSTRY & GOVERNMENT PARTICIPANTS

SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS

CSIRO Curtin University Geoscience Australia GNS Science Monash University Simon Fraser University University of Adelaide University of Melbourne University of New South Wales University of Western Australia

Anglo American ANLEC R&D BG Group BHP Billiton BP Developments Australia Brown Coal Innovation Australia Chevron Dept. of Primary Industries - Victoria Ministry of Science and Innovation INPEX KIGAM NSW Government Dept. Trade & Investment Queensland Energy Resources Ltd Queensland Government Rio Tinto SASOL Shell Stanwell Corporation Total Western Australia Dept. of Mines and Petroleum Xstrata Coal

CanSyd Australia Charles Darwin University Government of South Australia Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Process Group The Global CCS Institute University of Queensland

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T R

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CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT

CONTEXT AND THE VALUE OF CCS R&D

RISKS AND IMPEDIMENTS

END-USER ENVIRONMENT

IMPACTS

GOVERNANCE & MANAGEMENT

KEY STAFF

PARTICIPANTS

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE AGAINST ACTIVITIES

RESEARCH

SME ENGAGEMENT

COLLABORATION

END-USER INVOLVEMENT IN CRC ACTIVITIES

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

PUBLICATIONS

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

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The vision for CO2CRC is to develop cost-effective transitional technologies that will help Australia to decrease CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from major stationary CO2 sources, whilst continuing to derive beneďŹ t from its abundant fossil fuels and existing industrial base.

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O R SI U IS O M

6 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

To undertake outstanding research into new CO2 sequestration technologies, to demonstrate that CO2 capture and storage is economically and environmentally sustainable.

To enable Australia to decrease its CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, maintain the competitiveness of its industries and exports and develop new commercial (including hydrogen-based) opportunities.

To co the r ntribute e to signi solution of a ďŹ can t envir onm global en throu gh p t proble m inter a natio rticipatio na such n as th l program in Actio e n Pa Climate s rtner ship.

e nc e l l s n xce se ga catio e r ffe hou edu o To reen gies o in g hnol ning. tec trai d an

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CHAIRMAN’S REPORT The Board’s primary responsibility is to ensure that the research program, as agreed by members and as submitted to the Commonwealth Government, is effectively delivered. This entails ensuring that research objectives are clearly specified and that they are delivered on time, on budget, in a safe manner, and that results are reported to members in an understandable and timely way. The report of our Chief Executive and this Annual Report highlight important milestones for the year. We have delivered what was set out at the start of the year thanks to the talents of our researchers and the invaluable practical guidance of our membership, particularly through the Program Advisory Committee. In undertaking research, we place utmost importance on keeping local communities, especially surrounding the Otway Project, informed of what we are doing and why. It is vital that they and the community at large have confidence in the efficacy of our research. Fossil fuels are and will remain the dominant way of generating base load electricity in Australia and the world until at least 2050. However, that position cannot be taken as granted. The community’s continued acceptance of fossil fuels will depend on them remaining a competitive energy source but with CO2 emissions being captured, piped, and successfully geologically stored.

Supportive regulatory and incentive frameworks by governments that are even handed across all technologies and that minimise CO2 emissions will be crucial. The required investments will be substantial. The costs will be high and it would be misleading to suggest otherwise. The scale of the social and economic transformation required cannot be underestimated. CO2CRC research is showing a clear pathway: that substantial cost savings are possible, especially in the capture area (currently, the area of relatively high costs), and that geological storage will be safe and secure. Indeed, the research shows that, compared with alternative base load technologies, fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage will be very cost-competitive in the longer term. However, those early research results need to be proven and demonstrated at scale. There needs to be a clear pathway ahead. A key aspect of that must be world class research, supported by industry and governments. For this reason the Board has supported the Chief Executive and senior leadership group to chart a course for the future of the Centre beyond 2015. Over the course of the coming year we will be seeking further input and support from the membership and governments on the shape of that future program. The Board believes that CO2CRC has the track record, skills, organisational ability and sound governance framework to be worthy of your continued support. We will present to you an innovative, commercially attractive future research agenda. Finally, I would like to thank my fellow Board members, our Chief Executive and staff and the membership for their strong support and guidance.

‘CO2CRC research is showing a clear pathway: that substantial cost savings are possible, especially in the capture area, and that geological storage will be safe and secure’

David Borthwick, AO, PSM Chairman

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT CO2CRC has made significant progress in CCS research in this past year, firmly cementing its role as a major global CCS research organisation. The CO2CRC Otway Project has successfully completed a world-leading series of experiments that are helping us to further understand the deep trapping of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. Otway Stage 2B has been a carefully planned three month experiment using a single well to assess residual gas trapping–a world’s first. The completion of the experiments, with no significant hiccups and a huge amount of high quality data acquired, has been a cause for celebration. We are now in the process of examining the data and we are very confident that important new insights will be gained into residual trapping of carbon dioxide. The Otway Project monitoring program also continued with soil gas and groundwater surveys and ongoing atmospheric monitoring programs. A key outcome this year for the Otway Project was the journal paper Safe storage and effective monitoring of CO2 in depleted gas fields, published in December in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. The paper summarised the successful science that comprised Stage 1 of the Otway Project and made a considerable splash in the media. The efforts of all the researchers involved, and in particular lead author Charles Jenkins, should be acknowledged.

‘CO2CRC has made signiﬁcant progress in CCS research in this past year, ﬁrmly cementing its role as a major global CCS research organisation’

Dr Richard Aldous Chief Executive

The CO2CRC CO2 capture program has made significant advances and a three year $4.2 million project to further develop the UNO MK 3 capture system is underway. A research rig to optimise the UNO MK 3 process in the lab has been commissioned at the University of Melbourne and an existing capture plant is currently being modified and installed at International Power’s Hazelwood power station. It will be commissioned in late 2012. The industrial scale testing at Hazelwood will provide important proof of concept for a system that we believe has the potential to significantly reduce capture costs. The announcement in February of $100 million in support from the Federal and Victorian governments for the CarbonNet Project is a great step forward for Australian large-scale CCS projects. CO2CRC is planning to work with both of the announced Flagship projects; the South West Hub in WA and the CarbonNet Project in Victoria. CO2CRC is the designated Lead Research Organisation (LRO) for the CarbonNet Project and has put together a comprehensive and, we believe compelling bid for Education Infrastructure Fund (EIF) support that aims to provide research capability to accompany the Flagship projects. CO2CRC is also continuing consultation with Wandoan, an incipient Flagship project. A major focus of the CO2CRC research program has been consulting our members and collaborators about the future shape of CO2CRC as the Centre moves to put in place a research strategy for 2015 and beyond.

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CONTEXT AND THE VALUE OF CCS R&D Australian CCS is moving forward and there is progress being made, albeit not always as quickly as desired. Two of the Flagship projects are undertaking feasibility studies and there is progress in other areas. The Gorgon LNG Project, expected to be operational in 2015, is now being built and will be the biggest geological storage project in the world. Australia is ahead of most of the world on CCS development but must keep up its R&D momentum if it is to hold that lead. It is apparent to CO2CRC scientists and engineers, particularly when other nations seek advice on starting their own CCS demonstrations, that Australia has built a lead of at least ten years. CO2CRC has played a signiﬁcant part in this. There is a strong case for maintaining this advantage as it allows Australia to deploy CCS earlier than would otherwise be the case. In effect CO2CRC has built and is underpinning a local knowledge base that will be vital to applying the technology in Australia in the quickest and most efﬁcient way. The following analysis assumes that a 5-7 year advantage is retained through continued CCS RD&D. Using the Australian Treasury projections of carbon pricing and the trajectory to deliver CO2 reductions by 2050, CO2CRC estimates that in excess of 100Mtpa

100

An estimate of the value of this 5-7 year advantage can be calculated. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) and looking at the whole trajectory, each tonne of CO2 would cost 40-70 per cent more if CCS is not deployed. Thus for the purpose of this valuation it has been assumed that the cost of the CO2 without CCS would be 40-70 per cent more than the prevailing carbon price (using the core price scenario carbon price progressively rising to over $125 per tonne by 2050). The value of the advantage is then discounted (at a 10 per cent discount rate). The argument can also be applied to delaying the application of CCS by 5-7 yrs. The value of CCS R&D has been assessed using this approach to be of the order of AUD $7-11 billion in today’s dollars. Such large numbers make a valid case for the continuation of CO2CRC beyond 2015.

Assume

> > > > > 50

of CO2 savings would be required to be stored using CCS by 2050. Taking a reference trajectory of CCS growth to 100Mtpa by 2050, it is possible to calculate the value to the economy of a 5-7 year advantage brought about by spending money on CCS research to build and maintain that advantage (see Figure 1).

100MTPA of carbon storage in Australia Carbon price rising to $125/t in 2050 IEA: “without CCS it will cost 40-70% more” Bring forward development curve by 5-7 years Value the difference as carbon price x1.75

NPV = $7-11billion

0 2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Figure 1. Valuing a 5-7 year advantage in CCS, secured by investment in RD&D.

RISKS AND IMPEDIMENTS CO2CRC is playing an active and vital part in keeping CCS as an option for efficient low cost carbon reduction. Although the science on climate change seems to have become stronger and more compelling over the last year, the global financial crisis and lack of coherence on climate change action has seen public and political attention moving away from major climate mitigation activities. Some recent withdrawals from CO2CRC have reflected this trend. There is clearly a risk that, with CRC funding concluding on 30 June 2015 and with little or no commercial incentives to further develop and maintain a CCS technical capability in CCS, the scientific and engineering base that has been built up over the last 10 years will dissipate. While the introduction of a price on carbon has put clean energy on the media and political landscape, CCS is not in the forefront of that attention. The risk to Australia and to CO2CRC is that without commercial incentives to install or develop CCS at the moment, or without continued government support for CCS, the momentum could falter and the option that Australia has built to secure a lower cost pathway to significant carbon reduction by 2050 will lapse. For this reason CO2CRC is actively planning for its future post-2015, putting a substantial effort into establishing the research gaps that need to be filled and developing strategies to address them. CO2CRC is working hard with its partners and the CCS community in Australia to shape a post-2015 future for the organisation that is relevant, effective and focussed on maintaining this CCS capability and option for Australia’s low emission future.

Confidentiality of data and reporting is another risk for CO2CRC. There are strict protocols in place which researchers are required to observe and these are updated as necessary from time to time to ensure maximum compliance. A secondary risk which has been managed very effectively over the past eight years is the potential for a conflict of interest between an end user executive who also serves on the board of CO2CRC or its commercial arm CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd (CO2TECH). Declarations have to be made at Board meetings and any potentially conflicted board member is required to abstain from any decision making on matters which have been declared, in accordance with the approved document “Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality Management Procedures”. Understanding the community around the Otway Project and how it feels about the project is very important. Research in this area has helped finetune Otway Project communications to be more relevant and inclusive, and to make sure people are informed of research activities and continue to be supportive. More broadly it is the activities at the project site that provide a basis for assuring the community that monitoring of CO2 is effective and that an appropriate regulatory regime can be put in place.

14 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

END-USER ENVIRONMENT CO2CRC offers consultancy and other contract services through CO2TECH. The activities consist of commercial-in-confidence CCS technical services for industry and pre-competitive site characterisation and storage capacity estimates for industry and government, all provided on a fee-for-services basis. The end-users are mostly third parties in Australia and overseas. CO2TECH is able to staff its contracts by seconding researchers from within CO2CRC, and by contracting services through collaboration agreements with organisations such as GNS Science, The British Geological Survey and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures. The benefits for end-users are outlined in the table on page 61, in addition there are benefits for CO2CRC researchers in being able to work on project-specific tasks which helps enhance their CCS knowledge and expertise. With the advent of the Flagship funding for two large CCS projects, these entities are potential end users of CO2CRC’s scientific and technical capability. As these projects are gaining momentum it is important for the working relationships to be established with the Flagship development teams and for the different perspectives of researchers and commercial project developers to be aligned around the technical and research needs of the projects. CO2CRC is working with both these groups to establish, define and meet research and technical support needs.

IMPACTS CO2CRC is on track to achieve its monetary and non-monetary impacts as detailed under the Economic Impact Projection and, based on present trends, is likely to exceed its ﬁnancial targets. Deliverables are all achievable within the time frame of the Centre.

16 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

GOVERNANCE & MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE – BOARD, COMMITTEES AND KEY STAFF

> A non-executive independent director as Chairman

CO2CRC Limited is a not-for-proﬁt public company, limited by Guarantee, through which the business of the Centre is managed. CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd (CO2Tech) is the commercial vehicle of CO2CRC, through which the intellectual property and consulting activities are managed.

The primary role of the Board is the protection and enhancement of CO2CRC by formulating its strategic direction, establishing and monitoring the achievement of management’s goals and ensuring the integrity of internal control and management information systems, taking into account any recommendations made to it by the Council.

THE CO2CRC GOVERNING STRUCTURE

The composition of the Board is provided by section 23 of the Constitution. This provides that each year, half of the directors, not including the CE or Chairman, must retire from ofﬁce or stand for re-election. As all directors were appointed in November, 2009, three Sector-elected directors retired and two stood for reelection.

> Chief Executive

The key features of CO2CRC governance arrangements are: A Governing Council comprising a representative of all contributing participants. The Council meets at the Annual General Meeting at end of November, at which time the Board reports to the members on the performance of the organisation.

1. Graham Davies (University of NSW) was re-elected by the Research Sector 2. Barry Isherwood (Xstrata Coal) was re-elected by the Coal and Power Sector

A Board of Directors comprising nine directors:

3. Tzila Katzel retired, and Anne Morillon (Total) was elected by the Oil and Gas Sector

> Three directors are appointed by the Council (CO2CRC Members) > One director is appointed by each of the four Sectors (Coal & Power; Government; Oil & Gas, and Research) COUNCIL CO2CRC LTD

SHARE HOLDERS

CHAIR David Borthwick

CO2CRC TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTD

BOARD

CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Richard Aldous

CHAIRS Clinton Foster

FINANCE & RISK AUDIT COMMITTEE

David Borthwick

APPOINTMENTS & REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

Mal Lees

OPERATIONS COMMITTEE

Malcolm Garratt

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

PROGRAM 1 MANAGER

PROGRAM 2 MANAGER

PROGRAM 3 MANAGER

BUSINESS MANAGER

CHIEF SCIENTIST

CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST

COMMERCIAL MANAGER

Matthias Raab

Dianne Wiley

Julie-Anne White

Carole Peacock

John Kaldi

Barry Hooper

David Hilditch

STORAGE FACILITIES

CAPTURE FACILITIES

STORAGE S TO TORA OR RA AG GE E PROJECTS P PR ROJE OJEC OJ EC CT TS

C CAPTURE AP APT APT TU UR RE E PROJECTS PR P RO OJ OJE JEC EC CT TS

IN INTEGRATED NTEG EGR RA ATE TED D PROJECTS P PR RO OJ JE EC CT TS S

CORPORATE

TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALISATION

CONSULTING PROJECTS

Figure 2. The corporate and management structure of CO2CRC

DIRECTORS The following are the names and details of the directors in ofﬁce at any time from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012: Name and qualiﬁcation David Borthwick AO, PSM, BEcon (Hons) Chairman

Experience and special responsibilities Chairman since 2009. An economist by training, career focus has been on a wide range of industry economic issues, as well as macroeconomic and international economic matters. Previous appointments have been in the Australian Public Service including, heading the then Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and Deputy positions in the Departments of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Health and the Treasury. He was also Australia’s Ambassador to the OECD. Chairman, and CO2CRC Appointments and Remuneration Committee.

Richard Aldous BSc (Hons), PhD Chief Executive

CE since August, 2011, Richard has a PhD in economic geology and career experience in exploration-geoscience, chemical engineering, R&D portfolio management, business development, government policy and corporate planning. He has an extensive national and international career in resource development, technology research and executive management, in both industry and government. Previous appointments have been with a number of international resource companies including BHP, Newcrest, Iluka and WMC. Richard was Chairman of the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite and has previously been a Director of CO2CRC.

Christopher Don Baker BSc (Hons), MBA Director

Extensive experience in the areas of energy, resources, corporate strategy and government relations. Expertise in climate change including emissions trading and carbon capture and storage. Managing Director of Saunders Unsworth Ltd, a Wellington (NZ) based consultancy specialising in management of public policy and previously GM of Todd Energy, principally mining coal and gold. His other directorships include chairman of the Coal Association of New Zealand, the Brisbane based mineral exploration company Auzex Resources Ltd, Straterra which provides high level representation for the resource sector in NZ, and Executive Chairman of the NZCCS Partnership, a partnership of government and industry established to progress CCS in NZ. Director, CO2CRC Program Advisory Committee.

18 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

Name and qualiﬁcation

Experience and special responsibilities

Graham James Davies PhD, DSc, FREng, FInstP, FIET, FIOMMM, FIEAust

Dean of Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney. Until April 2008 he was the Sir James Timmins Chance Professor of Engineering at the University of Birmingham and executive head of the School of Engineering.

Director

Has led a large group investigating optoelectronic materials and devices before being appointed in 1994 as director in charge of British Telecom’s Corporate Research, with responsibility for technology acquisition. His other directorships include the Advanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre (AMCRC), AMCRC Pty Limited, Innovativity Pty Limited, and New South Innovations Pty Limited. He is Chair of the Go8 Deans of Engineering and Chair of Mining Education Australia.

Clinton Bruce Foster BSc (Hons), PhD

Chief Scientist of Geoscience Australia (GA). From 2004-2011, Chief of the Petroleum and Marine (GA), and previously Group Leader Petroleum and Senior Principal Research Scientist with the Bureau of Mineral Resources (forerunner of GA). He is a Vice Chair of the Technical Group of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum: formerly Co-Chair of the Chief Government Geologists Geosequestration Working Group and member of the Carbon Storage Taskforce. Previous appointments include Senior Supervising Geologist with Western Mining Corporation Exploration Division (Petroleum) and research palynologist with the Geological Survey of Queensland.

Director

Chairman, CO2CRC Limited Risk and Audit Committee and Director, CO2CRC Program Advisory Committee (Storage). Malcolm John Garratt BSc (Hons), PhD, C.Eng (Chartered Engineer) Director

Extensive experience as an international oil and gas industry executive and has held senior technical and commercial management roles with BP and BHP Billiton. This has included research in coal conversion (gasiﬁcation) technology, reﬁnery operations management, technical, strategic and commercial planning and UK Continental Shelf exploration and development activities. His management experience has also included joint venture and project management in offshore gas developments and corporate and external affairs in the exploration and production sector in Australia and internationally. Most recently he was Vice President of External Affairs at BHPB. Chairman, CO2CRC Program Advisory Committee, and Director, CO2CRC Operations Committee.

Name and qualiﬁcation Barry Robert Isherwood BSc Chemistry Director

Experience and special responsibilities Group Coal Technology Manager for Xstrata Coal with responsibility for lower emissions and clean coal technologies. His other directorships include the Callide Oxy Fuel Project, and the former CO2CRC (Mark 1), CO2CRC Pilot Projects and CCSD (Black Coal CRC). He is also involved in numerous industry groups and advisory boards such as ACALET, ACARP, WCA, IEA, GCCSI, Newcastle University’s PRCfE and NIER and Macquarie University’s Science Advisory Board, as well as the Futuregen Oxy Fuel Project (USA). In addition, he chairs the Standards Australia and ISO Committees on Coal and Coke. He has 40 years experience in the coal industry. Director, Appointments and Remuneration Committee.

Charmaine Tzila Katzel BSc Earth Science, MSc Envi Science, MPhil Economics and Planning

Extensive experience in Sustainability and Carbon Advisory services. Previous appointments have been GHG Manager for Shell Companies of Australia, Manager Risk Advisory Services, KPMG. Director, CO2CRC Risk and Audit Committee.

Director—resigned December 2011 Malcolm John Lees BSc (Hons), MSc PhD Director

More than 35 years experience in the mining industry in Australia and Papua New Guinea with extensive experience in the copper and coal sectors, particularly in areas of operations management, feasibility studies and project development, and construction and management of technical services. He was the inaugural chairman of CO2CRC Pilot Project Ltd (2005-2010) and took a lead role in the establishment of the company. Chairman, CO2CRC Operations Committee.

Anne Valerie Jeanmarie Morillon BSc Biochemistry, MSc (Hons) EnviScience Director

Director since 15-12-2011. Extensive experience as an environmental expert in the Oil and Gas industry. In charge of the environmental aspects of international exploration and production projects, R&D project management, carbon emissions management and renewable energy. Previous appointment was Head of Environmental Department in TOTAL Gas and Power. Since 2007 she has worked as CO2 management consultant/ Australian correspondent for TOTAL SA. Director, Appointments and Remuneration Committee.

COMPANY SECRETARY Carole Peacock, BHA, MBA, GradDipCSP, FCIS, GAICD was appointed to the position of company secretary in October, 2005. Ms Peacock is also business manager of CO2CRC and has previously held similar positions with a number of public and private sector organisations both nationally and internationally.

20 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS The number of meetings of directors (including meetings of committees of directors) held during the period and the number of meetings attended by each director were as follows: Director

Board Meetings

Risk & Audit Committee

Appointments & Remuneration Committee

Operations Committee

Program Advisory Committee

D Borthwick

1/1 (Alt)

R Aldous

C D Baker

G J Davies C B Foster

4 4

5 5

M J Garratt

1/1 (Alt)

B R Isherwood

C T Katzel

M J Lees AVJ Morillon

4 3

5 5

2 3

A – Number of meetings attended B – Number of meetings held during the time the director held ofﬁce during the year

As at the date of this report, the following non executives were also members of the following committees: *Non-Directors

Risk & Audit Committee

Operations Committee

A B

R Blok (Council Member)

M Halliday

T Mason

*Non-executive committee members Reinoud Blok is General Manager, Greenhouse Gas, INPEX Matthew Halliday is Chief Finance Ofﬁcer, Rio Tinto Coal Australia. Tony Mason is General Manager, Finance and Commercial, Xstrata Coal NSW.

S Sharma

N Simento (Council Member)

Sandeep Sharma is a senior project manager with Schlumberger. Noel Simento is Managing Director, ANLEC R & D.

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD To assist in the execution of its responsibilities, the Board has established a number of Board committees. These Committees have written mandates and operating procedures.

FINANCE AND RISK AUDIT COMMITTEE The Finance and Audit Committee assists the Board in discharging its responsibilities relating to accounting and reporting practices and strengthening the systems of internal controls, risk management and compliance. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required. Committee Name

Finance and Risk Audit Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

Clinton Foster

Chairman

Management and Audit Committee experience

Division Chief, Geoscience Australia

Matthew Halliday

Independent Member

Finance and Risk management

Chief Finance Ofﬁcer, Rio Tinto

Tzila Katzel—Resigned Dec ‘ 11

Director

Risk Management

BP Australia, Director Environmental Affairs.

Tony Mason

Independent Member

Finance and Risk management

General Manager, Finance Xstrata Coal

Vacant position

Director

The vacant position on the Finance and Risk Audit Committee will be ﬁlled following the Board elections at the November AGM.

APPOINTMENTS AND REMUNERATION COMMITTEE The Appointments and Remuneration committee advises the Board as an efﬁcient mechanism for examination of the selection and appointment practices and the appropriate remuneration policies of the company. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required. Committee Name

Appointments and Remuneration Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

David Borthwick

Chairman Extensive management experience

Independent

Barry Robert Isherwood

Director

Extensive management experience

Xstrata Coal

Anne Morillon

Director

Extensive management experience

TOTAL

Richard Aldous

Extensive management experience

CO2CRC

22 CO2CRC ANNUAL NNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

OPERATIONS COMMITTEE The Operations Committee provides advice to the Board on matters relating to major field operational activities in CO2 capture or storage that may have significant health, safety, environmental, regulatory or financial implications to CO2CRC and its current or future operations. The Committee meets as often as required. Committee Name

Operations Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

Malcolm John Lees

Chairman

Extensive operations management experience

Rio Tinto

Malcolm John Garratt

Director

Extensive operations management experience

BP Developments

Christopher Don Baker

Director

Extensive operations management experience

NZ Ministry for Science and Innovation

Reinoud Blok

Council Member

Extensive operations management experience

INPEX Browse, and Council Member

Sandeep Sharma

Independent Member

Extensive operations management experience

Schlumberger

Noel Simento

Council Member

Extensive operations management experience

ANLEC R&D

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE The Program Advisory Committee was established by the Board to review the research activities of the Centre and future program priorities, and advise the Board to ensure that the research, development and other activities are relevant to the needs of End-users as stated in the Participants Agreement s.16.2. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required. Committee Name

Program Advisory Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

Malcolm John Garratt

Chairman

Extensive operations experience BP Developments

Christopher Don Baker

Capture Program Chairman

Extensive operations experience NZ Ministry for Science and Innovation

Clinton Foster

Storage Program Chairman

Extensive operations experience Division Chief, Geoscience Australia

Anne Morillon

Director

Extensive operations experience Total

KEY STAFF Name

Organisation

CRC Position / Role

Time committed

Richard Aldous

CO2CRC

Chief Executive

100%

Carole Peacock

CO2CRC

Business Manager & Company Secretary

100%

Matthias Raab

CO2CRC

Program 1 Manager

100%

Dianne Wiley

University of NSW

Program 2 Manager

80%

Julie-Anne White

CO2CRC

Business Development and Program 3 Manager

100%

John Kaldi

University of Adelaide

Chief Scientist

80%

Barry Hooper

CO2CRC

Chief Technologist

80%

David Hilditch

CO2CRC

Commercial Manager

100%

Anni Bartlett -

CO2CRC

Education & Training Manager

100%

CO2CRC

Communications & Media Adviser

100%

Resigned 1/3/2012 Tony Steeper

KEY STAFF APPOINTMENTS

PERFORMANCE

Dr Julie-Anne White was appointed Manager of the Facilitating CCS Program (Program 3) in May 2012. Dr Whiteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s qualiďŹ cations are a PhD in Psychopharmacology with an MSc in Neuroscience. She has previously been the CEO and Deputy CEO of two CRCs and has held the positions of Managing Director/CEO in both listed and unlisted companies. Dr White will also manage the relationship with investors, member organisations and prospective new members.

The performance of the Board and key staff is reviewed regularly. During the reporting period the directors conducted a performance evaluation of the Board and the Appointments and Remuneration Committee conducted a performance-based review of key staff remuneration. The Board has determined that a Board performance evaluation should be undertaken each year and in future would include a review of the committees of the Board.

Recruitment for the vacant position of Education and Training Project Leader has been successfully concluded. Mr Roy Anderson will join CO2CRC in July 2012. Mr Anderson comes to CO2CRC with an MSc in Carbon Capture and Storage and two years experience as a teacher.

26 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

PARTICIPANTS The 2010 Commonwealth and Participants Agreements were amended in October 2010 to admit four new members bringing the membership of CO2CRC to 31 core members and 8 supporting participants. In January 2012 two members, Schlumberger and NZ Solid Energy, withdrew from CO2CRC. It is extremely disappointing when a member withdraws mid-funding term but fortunately the work of CO2CRC continues to attract national and international interest with new members continuing to express interest in joining. ESSENTIAL AND SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS Participantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Name

Participant Type

ABN/ACN

Organisation Type

Commonwealth ScientiďŹ c and Industrial Research Organisation

Essential

687 119 230

Research

Curtin University of Technology

Essential

143 842 569

Research

Geoscience Australia

Essential

091 799 039

Research

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Essential Limited

International

Research

Monash University

Essential

377 614 012

Research

The University of Melbourne

Essential

002 705 224

Research

The University of Adelaide

Essential

249 878 937

Research

The University of New South Wales

Essential

195 873 179

Research

The University of Western Australia

Essential

882 817 280

Research

New South Wales Trade and Investment

Essential

189 919 072

Government

Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation

Essential

830 236 406

Government

Victoria Department of Primary Industries

Essential

579 412 233

Government

Western Australia Department of Mines and Essential Petroleum

410 335 356

Government

New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)

Essential

International

Government

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

Essential

076 059 679

Industry

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

Essential

135 762 533

Industry

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Limited

Essential

006 918 832

Industry

BP Developments Australia Pty Limited

Essential

081 102 856

Industry

BG International (Aus) Pty Ltd

Essential

International

Industry

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Ltd

Essential

141 273 261

Industry

Chevron Australia Pty Limited

Essential

086 197 757

Industry

INPEX Browse Ltd

Essential

084 450 260

Industry

Participant’s Name

Participant Type

ABN/ACN

Organisation Type

QER Pty Ltd

Essential

072 908 966

Industry

Sasol Petroleum International (Pty)

Essential

International

Industry

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Essential

009 663 576

Industry

Stanwell Corporation Limited

Essential

074 848 674

Industry

Technological Resources Pty Limited

Essential

002 183 557

Industry

Total Gas & Power Ventures SA

Essential

International

Industry

Xstrata Coal Pty Limited

Essential

082 271 930

Industry

SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS 1

CanSyd Pty Ltd

Supporting

n/a

Industry—SME

Charles Darwin University

Supporting

n/a

Research

Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute

Supporting

n/a

Research

Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources

Supporting

n/a

Research

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Supporting

n/a

Research

Process Group Pty Ltd

Supporting

n/a

Industry—SME

Simon Fraser University

Supporting

n/a

Research

University of Queensland

Supporting

n/a

Research

Government of South Australia

Supporting

n/a

Government

CHANGES TO PARTICIPANTS Participant’s name

Retiring, withdrawing or new

Schlumberger Oilﬁeld Australia Pty Ltd

Withdrawing

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

Withdrawing

28 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Within the period 2009/10 – 2011/12, CO2CRC has attracted an additional $10 million cash funding. At the end of the current funding term in 2014/15 it is anticipated that cash income will exceed that committed in the 2010 Commonwealth Agreement by 25 per cent. In this reporting period 2011/12 Participants cash contributions total $44.2 million against $33.9 million contracted to in the Agreement, representing a 30 per cent increase. The Centre is disappointed at the withdrawal of two members, not least because this will have a ﬁnancial impact. Nevertheless, CO2CRC continues to get the highest international praise for the quality of work in both capture and storage. Total cash income 2009/10 to 2014/15 $90,000 $80,000 $70,000 s000,$

$60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $-

Agreement

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

Actual

ANLEC 16%

RESEARCH PROVIDERS 32%

OIL AND GAS 14%

COAL AND POWER 9% OTHER 5%

CRC GRANT 19%

GOVERNMENT 5%

30 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Intellectual property (IP) management strategies have been developed by CO2CRC to satisfy the National Principles of IP Management for Publicly Funded Research as follows:

3. Unregistered software – Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Economic Modelling (ICCSEM) Software (UNSW) – Forward Modelling Software (Curtin)

OVERVIEW Provision has been made in the CO2CRC Commercialisation Management Agreement that all IP upon creation is automatically assigned to CO2CRC Ltd, which is therefore charged with the responsibility for protection and exploitation of IP. CO2CRC Ltd provides an exclusive license to CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd to commercially exploit CO2CRC IP. All net proceeds from successful commercialisation of IP are allocated to the research institutions and to CO2CRC in direct proportion to their agreed project shares.

– Web Calculator for computing properties of CO2 (CSIRO) – CO2CRC Publications Tracking System 4. Industrial designs and circuits – Nil 5. Copyright in publications – All GEODISC publications – All CO2CRC publications 6. Know-how and conﬁdential information

IP DEVELOPED AND COMMERCIALISED DURING THE PERIOD During the reporting period no IP was sold, transferred, or licensed. However, IP was exploited by CO2TECH using conﬁdential information and know-how in the provision of carbon capture and storage consulting services for industry participants and other companies and government organisations, in Australia and overseas.

CO2TECH IP REGISTER AS AT JUNE 30TH 2012 1. Patents The list of patent applications and their status as at 30th June 2012 is on page 33. 2. Registered trademarks GEODISC No 881931

Class 42 “GEODISC”

No 1094946

Class 42 “CO2CRC logo”

No 1253492

Class 7 “CO2CRC logo”

No 1094967

Class 42 “ICTPL logo”

No 1095107

Class 42 “CO2CRC Pilot Project Ltd logo” Class 42 and Class 45 “CO2CRC Technologies logo”

1293386 No 1293

IDENTIFICATION OF IP All CO2CRC research is governed by project agreements with each research institution and these make provision for project leaders to inform CO2CRC program managers any time that new IP is identiﬁed. In addition, the CO2TECH Commercial Manager carries out annual IP audits of research projects and maintains an IP database and register. CO2TECH is responsible for determining the commercial potential of new IP and protecting and exploiting the IP as necessary.

PROTECTION OF IP Project Agreements make provision for maintaining conﬁdentiality of research results and for withholding publications and PhD theses as necessary pending a review by CO2CRC program managers in conjunction with CO2TECH to determine commercial potential. Research parties are also required to provide assistance to CO2TECH in any subsequent IP protection measures which are required (e.g. patent and/or trademark applications).

OWNERSHIP OF IP

MANAGEMENT OF IP

All IP upon creation is assigned to CO2CRC by each research institution. In the case of students, especially postgraduate students, their IP rights are assigned to their university through the execution of a Student Deed of Assignment at the commencement of studies, and this enables the university to make the required assignment to CO2CRC.

CO2TECH is the Commercialisation Manager and has full responsibility for management of IP and for commercialisation. It has developed protocols and processes for commercial exploitation of new technologies to ensure that there is no IP leakage or inadvertent disclosure of conﬁdential information and know-how.

ASSESSMENT OF IP

SHARING OF BENEFITS

Project Leaders, in consultation with CO2CRC Program Managers, are required to report the existence of new IP and to manage any subsequent or consequent restrictions placed on the utilisation of that IP due to commercial sensitivities. In the main, researchers will be working on commercially focused research and are made aware of the possibility of restrictions on publication at commencement. Most Project Leaders have good commercialisation knowledge and understand the commercialisation processes. In addition, from time to time CO2TECH offers all research staff, particularly its postgraduate students, the opportunity to attend a two-day commercialisation workshop. The workshop is delivered by a professional training organisation and is tailored to meet the speciﬁc needs of CO2CRC.

Beneﬁts such as royalties, which may accrue to a research institution as a result of successful commercialisation of new IP, are calculated in accordance with the agreed project shares. University employees have rights to a share of the proceeds as deﬁned in the university statutes and it is a matter for each university to make these determinations. Employees of government research institutions such as CSIRO and Geoscience Australia are not generally entitled to any share of royalties. However, the CO2CRC Board may make special recommendations where appropriate, including the payment of bonuses.

32 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

PATENTS APPLICATIONS BY FAMILY CO2CRC REF: UNO GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

P57299.AU.1

National Phase

Australia

2006281992

16-August-2006

Examination in progress: Plant and process for removing carbon instructions sent to Chinese dioxide from gas streams associate to lodge response

TITLE

P57299.CA

National Phase

Canada

2619097

16-August-2006

Application ﬁled

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.CN

National Phase

China

200680038434.4

16-August-2006

Examination in progress

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.DE

National Phase

Germany

112006002198.2

16-August-2006

Application ﬁled

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.US.1

National Phase

USA

12/063930

16-August-2006

Examination in progress: Plant and process for removing carbon response lodged, divisional dioxide from gas streams yet to be lodged

CO2CRC REF: MEGA VESSEL GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P71807.AU.1

National Phase

Australia

2008251025

12-May-2008

Examination in progress

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.CA

National Phase

Canada

2686969

12-May-2008

Application ﬁled

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.CN

National Phase

China

200880022188.2

12-May-2008

Exam requested

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.EP

National Phase

European

08747935.8

12-May-2008

Exam requested

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.IN

National Phase

India

7472/DELNP/2009

12-May-2008

Application ﬁled

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.US

National Phase

USA

12/599751

12-May-2008

Application ﬁled

A reactor, plant and process

CO2CRC REF: POLYMERIC MEMBRANE WITH NANOPARTICLES IN STAR STRUCTURES GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P74377.AU.1

National Phase

Australia

2008324759

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.CA

National Phase

Canada

2704634

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.CN

National Phase

China

200880123597.1

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.EP

National Phase

European

08846530.7

05-November-2008

Exam requested

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.IN

National Phase

India

980/MUMNP/2010

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.JP

National Phase

Japan

2010-532378

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.KR

National Phase

Republic of Korea 10-2010-7012344

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

P74377.US.1

National Phase

USA

12/741297

05-November-2008

Application ﬁled

Gas separation membranes and processess for the manufacture thereof

CO2CRC REF: CARBONATE SOLVENT SYSTEM GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P83408.AU

Provisional

Australia

2010901733

23-Apr-2010

Application ﬁled

A process and plant for removing acid gases

P83408.US

Provisional

USA

61/345901

18-May-2010

Application ﬁled

A process and plant for removing acid gases

CO2CRC REF: HEAT INTEGRATION GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P83840.AU

Provisional

Australia

2010902902

30-June-2010

Application ﬁled

Process and apparatus for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream

CO2CRC REF: CO2 HYDRATES GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P83932.AU

Provisional

Australia

2010902408

02-June-2010

Application ﬁled

A method and system

34 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

PERFORMANCE AGAINST ACTIVITIES PROGRESS AGAINST THE KEY CHALLENGE As stated in the CRC Funding Agreement, key challenges facing CCS are > Identiﬁcation of suitable storage sites > The cost of separating CO2 from ﬂue gases

One of the great challenges facing CCS is the extent to which it can be retrofitted to existing power stations. The conventional wisdom is that this cannot be done cost-effectively, however recent work by CO2CRC suggests that in some circumstances retrofit is a cheaper option than new build. This finding could have very important economic implications for the uptake of CCS.

> Addressing public concerns > Establishing an effective regulatory regime

SUITABLE STORAGE SITES The successful experiments completed as part of Stage 2B of the CO2CRC Otway Project will be particularly important to establishing saline aquifers for CO2 storage. One of the great uncertainties in their use to date is the lack of any reliable numbers on the extent to which CO2 can be residually trapped in saline aquifers. The experiments undertaken to date go to the heart of answering this question. Given that much of Australia’s storage potential is believed to be in saline aquifers, the question is especially important if CCS is to play a major role in making deep cuts in Australia’s emissions.

THE COST OF CAPTURE Work continued at the laboratory and pilot scale into a range of capture options and CO2CRC is increasingly confident that costs will decrease significantly. In particular the UNO MK 3 process, developed at the University of Melbourne, has shown particular promise. CO2CRC is working closely with an SME (the WES Group) that has developed an innovative system for reducing the size and cost of some of the capture equipment (contactors). This approach dovetails well with CO2CRC’s new UNO MK 3 technology, and the technologies combined with innovative engineering could together reduce the cost of carbon capture by 60 per cent or more. These approaches will be trialled together at the demonstration plant under construction at the Hazelwood power station, with a view to further refining and optimising the system. UNO MK 3 is the subject of an international patent.

ADDRESSING PUBLIC CONCERNS During the reporting period, CO2CRC continued to provide a great deal of information on CCS to the public and the media in Australia and overseas. CO2CRC has been able to maintain effective community consultation at the Otway Project, including through publications, regular public meetings and site visits. A research project following on from 2006 social research surveyed the attitudes of the surrounding community to CCS and the Otway Project, giving CO2CRC insights into how CCS is perceived and how interacting with a CCS project can change the way people think about new technologies. Also during the year the book ‘Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon’ was published, providing the general reader with an explanation of CCS and the broader context of clean energy technologies.

EFFECTIVE REGULATORY REGIMES The Otway Project Stage 2B work contributed to the development of effective regulations for CCS, with experience gained at the site being directly used by Victorian instrumentalities, particularly the Environmental Protection Authority and Southern Rural Water, to guide their regulatory processes. Planning work for Stage 2C is similarly providing a contribution. CO2CRC also contributed to the work of the National CCS Council during the year, advocating for a more cohesive national approach to CCS R&D and facilitating a number of national workshops to further this objective.

36 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

RESEARCH PROGRAM 1: STORAGE OF CO2 Program Management: Dr Matthias Raab Storage Program Manager The focus of the CO2CRC Storage Research Program is to understand geological carbon storage resources in Australia and world-wide. The Program comprises nine major research projects and many sub-projects, undertaking a range of applied research projects developing suitable technologies and strategies for managing CO2 injection and storage. Research is based at the CO2CRC Otway Research Facility in the field, in laboratories and by computer modelling. A major focus in the storage program is Stage 2 of the Otway Project, researching geological carbon storage in saline aquifers. This includes drilling a new well (CRC-2 well, Stage 2A), defining key factors for estimating storage capacity through residual gas saturation tests (Stage 2B) and determining CO2 detection limits with seismic acquisition (Stage 2C). The CO2CRC Otway Research Facility is amongst the most comprehensive storage research facilities in the world. The major focus this year was the execution of the residual gas saturation and dissolution test, also referred as Stage 2B. The CRC-2 well, pivotal to this experiment, was instrumented with state-of-the-art U-Tube technology, high accuracy real time downhole gauges, a Distributed Temperature Perturbation Sensor, a heating line, and various gas injection/gas lift mandrels. The 90-day test sequence involved more than 30 scientists from Australia’s leading research institutions and partners from overseas. The test sequence included: a) Hydraulic Pressure Tests, b) Organic and Noble Gas Tracer Tests, c) Thermal Test, d) Reservoir Saturation Tests measuring the hydrogen index via pulsed neutron log, and e) a CO2 Dissolution Test. After three months of continuous operations, the test sequence was successfully completed in September 2011. The high quality data sets obtained for each sequence were quality controlled and the final interpretations of each phase are expected for 2012-13. The impact of this experiment is not only to provide a new understanding of residual gas saturation of CO2 in saline aquifers, but also to provide a novel experimental design for the characterisation of CO2-storage reservoirs utilising a single well for

comprehensive and cost-effective testing. This concept can easily be adopted by other CCS projects worldwide. The monitoring program for the Otway Research Facility continued with the collection, quality control and analysis of data for atmospheric, soil gas, ground water, microseismic and deep reservoir fluid monitoring and sampling. As of January 2012 the sampling frequency had been amended. The atmospheric flux tower and Lo-Flo measurements are being discontinued allowing for extended interpretation of the comprehensive datasets measured continuously for the past four years. Periodic flask measurements continue three times a year and on demand. The frequency of groundwater surveys has been reduced from two surveys to one survey per year. Atmospheric monitoring for the deep water wells and the continuous measurement of CO2 and CH4 at the atmospheric station will continue. Soil gas surveys will continue on an annual basis. The next major experiment planned at the Otway Project is Stage 2C. The experiment aims to test the seismic detection limits of CO2 in saline aquifers by modelling, injection of 10-30 thousand tonnes of CO2 into the Paaratte Formation and by seismic monitoring of the plume evolution until the plume has stabilised. The focus this year was on intensive modelling to test the feasibility of the experiment. Modelling will continue well into the next year and involves up to 25 researchers across several projects. A field trial to determine optimal equipment and its configuration for the full experiment was executed and completed at the project site in June 2012. CO2CRC was announced as Lead Research Organisation (LRO) for the CarbonNet Project. A substantial effort in 2012 was dedicated to the $51.8m EIF submission to the Commonwealth Government for CCS research infrastructure. As LRO, CO2CRC will able to contribute research skills and experience to the project, such as the practical knowledge gained through drilling, injection and monitoring of storage operations at the CO2CRC Otway Project. A key highlight was the publication by Jenkins et al. (2012) “Safe storage and effective monitoring of CO2 in depleted gas fields” in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The paper summarised key findings of Stage 1 of the Otway Project and not

only attracted a lot of international attention, but also ﬁrmly positioned the CO2CRC Otway Project as one of the most signiﬁcant carbon storage research projects in the world.

for the test. A multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers conducted ﬁve independent in situ tests over a period of two and half months to acquire the required data.

Highlights of individual projects are outlined below.

At the end of the Stage 2B experiment, a controlled release of Buttress gas was conducted during favorable wind conditions, to allow calibration of various atmospheric sensors located on the site.

Several journal papers, abstracts and overview papers were published on all topics throughout the year.

Project Leader: Rajindar Singh CO2CRC, Melbourne

Two new shallow (forty metre) bores, were instrumented with microseismic sensors, bringing the total to three wells, set in a triangular pattern. This setup provides the capability to signiﬁcantly assist interpretation of microseismic events and event location.

Aim: To provide a world class facility and operations at the Otway Project for use in leading edge CO2 storage research. Conduct targeted small scale experiments at the Otway Facility to test and evaluate trapping concepts for the storage of CO2 including non-structural trapping; testing seismic detection limit by small scale injection of CO2; and effective modeling and monitoring, safe injection and storage of CO2. Conduct targeted small scale experiments at the Otway Facility, to test and evaluate CO2 trapping concepts that have been effectively modeled to assure safe injection and storage including well planned monitoring and veriﬁcation activities.

One short duration trial seismic experiment was conducted to understand signal to noise (S/N) improvement gains by burying discrete seismic sensors and comparing their response to the ones installed at the surface. The depth (1 to 12 meters) at which sensors were buried was also investigated. In addition, data was acquired using a buried ﬁber optics cable to understand signal quality and subsequent interpretation. Using ﬁber optics to acquire seismic data is an emerging technology that requires validation. The knowledge gained form this test and the Stage 2B test will be used to prepare for the upcoming Stage 2C experiment.

Research Overview: The CO2CRC Otway Project continues to be developed in stages to be an extensive research laboratory. The site is promising in its capability as its subsurface structure consists of a depleted gas reservoir, unconfined saline aquifers and faults. These structures along with the readily available CO2-rich Buttress gas from a nearby well provide exceptional opportunities for field-scale storage research to be conducted to study the effects of the injection of significant quantities of CO2 (up to tens of thousands of tons) into a variety of rock types at a range of depths.

In previous years, Stage 1 of the program successfully demonstrated secure geological storage of CO2 in a depleted gas reservoir in the Waarre Sandstone.

During this reporting period, the following workscope was completed:

Engagement with local community and regulators continue throughout the project. Various channels to disseminate up-to-date information regarding the project continue to be used to keep the stakeholders informed including direct face to face community reference group meetings, a community newsletter, open days, group site visits and the CO2CRC website. During this period, various newsletters were disseminated; three community reference group meetings were held and one site open day took place.

1.1 DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF GEOLOGICAL STORAGE RESEARCH FACILITIES, OTWAY PROJECT

The Stage 2B Residual Gas Saturation (Huff and Puff) experiment was successfully completed in a deep saline aquifer and high quality data was acquired. In order to do this, the gas gathering line was extended to a new well, CRC-2, and the site surface facility was upgraded and commissioned. Two prestart audits conducted by external advisors prior to start of operations ensured the plant was well prepared

38 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

Various Measuring, Monitoring and Veriﬁcation (MM&V) activities were conducted throughout the year speciﬁcally, annual soil gas sampling, annual ground water sampling and periodic atmospheric monitoring. Periodic (every six weeks) subsurface samples of the Waarre reservoir using U-tube sampling technology were also taken throughout the year. Most of these activities have been used as inputs to regulatory Key Performance Indicator reporting.

1.2 OTWAY BOOK Project Leader: Professor Peter Cook CO2CRC, Canberra Aim: Documentation of data and learning gathered during Otway Stage 1 Research overview: This project is not a research project per se, but it aims to summarise the conduct of CO2CRC’s most high profile research activity, the CO2CRC Otway Project Stage 1, undertaken from 2004-2012, and the lessons from the Project. There are many papers published on the science undertaken as part of the project, but information on how the project was managed, operational details, information on the regulatory processes, the consultation process and details of some of the physical and chemical methodologies used are seldom discussed in the open literature for the Otway Project or indeed for most other storage projects. This book seeks to remedy that. The outline of the Otway book has been prepared and agreed with all contributors. As is normal in a multi author book such as this, the pace of compilation is totally dependent on receiving the contributions from the authors. Several sections/ chapters have now been completed; some are well advanced and authors anticipate their contribution to the editor shortly. Authors of some sections have yet to make significant progress because of the demands placed on them by other projects and this is a concern which will need to be addressed in the coming months. Drafting of diagrams has commenced. One of the important aspects that has yet to be fully addressed is the development of a project database, which can be used more broadly to begin development of a database for CO2CRC as a whole. Progress on this has been held up as a database manager has not yet been appointed. However, Otway datasets are being compiled and already are proving very useful as a template for an external contract for the IEAGHG program which is being undertaken to obtain the learning from all small scale injection projects. MILESTONES: Because of delays in receiving manuscripts, the book will not be completed by the end of the calendar year. However it will be completed in the 2012-2013 financial year.

1.3 CO2 STORAGE IN SALINE FORMATIONS—OTWAY BASIN Project Leader: Dr Mark Bunch Australian School of Petroleum, Adelaide Aim: To define and characterise deep saline formations viable to host long-term subsurface storage of supercritical CO2 within the Otway Basin. Research Overview: This project seeks to describe the petrophysical and geochemical attributes of the deep saline Paaratte Formation of the Otway Basin. Data acquired at new wells drilled as part of the Otway Project are guiding development of two conceptual models. The first concerns the depositional environment for the succession including the architecture of discrete geological facies bodies that governs storage system performance at the site/ field scale. The second concerns the sequence of important diagenetic changes that overprint otherwise primary petrophysical and geochemical characteristics of the succession. Together these will provide a linked stratigraphic-geochemical model framework to predict chemical and physical responses of this formation to injection of supercritical CO2 at site/field to basin scales. In the last year an explicit transform has been developed that relates characteristic response within the Paaratte Formation of a standard suite of openhole well logs (electro-facies) to core log-calibrated image log facies interpreted at CRC-1 and CRC-2. This provides a way to predict the vertical distribution of key depositional lithofacies that relate to storage system facies modeled previously. In addition to this, the characteristic architectural dimensions of a modern depositional analogue system to that encountered at CRC-2 are being captured in order to simulate the architecture of key injection intervals identified for Stage 2 of the CO2CRC Otway Project. Microscopic analyses of CRC-2 core samples have identified a sequence of diagenetic cementation events that affected the Paaratte Formation since burial. Organic-rich groundwater leached through the best quality reservoir sandstone soon after burial as a result of high frequency sea level regressions. This led to development of early dolomite and ankerite cements that preserved the primary matrix framework but almost completely removed porosity in these most compositionally and texturally mature reservoir sandstones. Such cementation was limited in the presence of preexisting matrix clay coatings. As a result, the best sandstones available for CO2 storage today were not necessarily the most promising deposits initially. In addition, this hypothesis rules

out development of thick, pervasive carbonate mineralization in response to migration of the CO2-rich hydrocarbon ﬂuids that charged local gas reservoirs at greater depth. Reactivity of these dolomite cemented zones with CO2-rich formation ﬂuid is not yet understood.

1.4 UNDERSTANDING CO2 STORAGE IN SALINE AQUIFERS Project Leader: Dr Karsten Michael CSIRO, Perth Aim: To better understand the near and far-field effects of CO2 storage in saline aquifers, both as a basis for evaluating CO2 impact on other resources and as a basis for effective management of large scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Research Overview: The initial approach adopted is to review documented aquifer systems in sedimentary basins and to develop a classification system for saline aquifer storage. Analytical models and generic numerical simulations will be employed to assess the difference in storage capacity estimations and injection strategies for various saline aquifer types. Ultimately, a spreadsheet-based tool box will be developed for pre-reservoir simulation screening of saline aquifers with respect to their suitability (capacity, injectivity) for CO2 geological storage, including the estimation of required injection wells. A review of sedimentary basins worldwide shows that in many cases a large amount of data, from petroleum and groundwater exploration, exists for characterising aquifers in these basins. The following results were obtained from this review and compiled in a report: > An assessment of selected saline aquifers worldwide; > A classification system considering aspects of CO2 geological storage in saline aquifers; > A simple screening process to be followed that helps identify potential issues with respect to interaction of CO2 geological storage with other resources.

40 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

For basin-scale assessments of industrial-scale CO2 geological storage in saline aquifers the most important aspects in addition to general parameters (i.e., average aquifer depth, thickness, area porosity and permeability) are general aquifer contiguity (‘homogeneous’ versus layered or compartmentalised), pressure boundary conditions (open versus closed system) and spatial relationship to other resource developments in the basin. For such an assessment, analytical tools in the form of equations for calculating injection pressure, radius of impact and storage capacity may be sufficiently accurate in relation to the level of uncertainty at this scale of investigation. If multiple resources (petroleum, groundwater, geothermal, coal) were exploited in a basin, a coarsely discretised basin-scale numerical model may be required for simulating potential resource conflicts. For individual storage projects from pilot to demonstration scale, comprehensive, finely discretised static and reservoir models are required that account for detailed aquifer heterogeneity and are capable of constraining operational injection parameters (completion intervals, injection rates) within a higher level of confidence than required for basin-scale assessments. Even at this scale, analytical tools can help in quickly producing some first-order results of, for example, maximum bottom hole injection pressure, reservoir capacity and radius of influence, which can form the base and constraints for more detailed numerical simulations. We have developed new software to predict the injectivity and storage capacity of CO2 that contains a database of maximum injectivity of saline aquifers. The data are generated from several thousands of compositional numerical simulations for a wide range of formation properties such as formation permeability, relative permeability, porosity, thickness, depth and area. The software is capable of performing Monte Carlo analysis based on the probability distribution of formation properties and different injection rates. Built-in correlations can be used to determine CO2 and brine properties required for analytical models. The software also includes new analytical models to predict the injectivity of fully and partially penetrating wells in saline aquifers with solutions for different types of formation outer boundary conditions,

1.5 REACTIVE RESERVOIR ROCKS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CO2 STORAGE POTENTIAL TRAPPING Project Leader: Dr Ralf Haese Geoscience Australia, Canberra Aim: To better understand fluid-rock reactions during and post-injection and the respective implications for injectivity, containment and opportunities for in situ sealing in case of leakage. This project will assist our predictive capabilities in terms of short- and long-term trapping of CO2 and the associated risks. Research Overview: The project has worked on the following five topics: 1. Geochemical results from the residual gas saturation test (Otway 2B) have been analysed and interpreted in collaboration with reservoir engineers from Project 1.7. The results have been written up as technical reports and scientific articles are currently being prepared. The results proved traditional interpretations derived from laboratory experiments or based on oil and gas exploration procedures are not applicable. One test showed very low recovery of the initially added tracer while the injection of CO2-saturated water appears to have dissolved significant amounts of minerals leading to enhanced reservoir heterogeneity. 2. The study of naturally occurring CO2-rich reservoirs in terms of their geochemical and mineralogical characteristics has lead to the submission of two journal articles and a report compiling attributes of international natural analogue examples. The review of international natural analogues has also led to a database where reservoir properties are quantified. Interestingly, the acidic, CO2-saturated water appears to dissolve minerals primarily from highly permeable layers while mineral precipitation occurs at the boundary or within low permeability layers. 3. A new rig permitting high pressure / high temperature experiments with hazardous gases has been built in order to study fluid-rock reactions controlled by gas mixtures, that is, CO2 plus SOx, and/or O2. Experiments commenced in 2011 and show very acidic conditions when SOx is added in accordance with thermodynamic predictions. Intact rock blocks from prospective reservoirs in the Surat Basin (QLD) have been included in the experiments and show very high rates of dissolution. Experiments with CO2 and SOx are expected to be completed in 2012 and the impacts of CO2-SOx-O2 will be investigated in 2013.

4. Three batch reactors have been used in parallel to study the reactivity of individual minerals under CO2 storage conditions. Reaction rates have been derived for a particular chlorite and changes of reaction rates with time are currently being studied in terms of changes in the dissolution / precipitation mechanisms. In addition, powdered whole rocks have been incubated under CO2 storage conditions to develop an understanding of the principal reactions expected. 5. Microbial communities from the Paaratte Formation have been sampled during the Otway Project 2B experiment and successfully characterised in terms of the microbial diversity before and after the injection of CO2. These results are currently written up as a scientiﬁc manuscript. In addition, in situ microbial samples have been successfully used in culture experiments in the laboratory. Some cultures have formed bioﬁlms, which is very promising for this project as it aims to research opportunities for in situ microbial barrier formation.

1.6 SEAL GEOMECHANICS & POTENTIAL FOR CO2 LEAKAGE Project Leader: Dr Eric Tenthorey Geoscience Australia, Canberra Aims: This project aims to understand the circumstances in which faults (and fractures) in mudstone seal rocks will impact on bulk permeability and the flow of CO2 through these rocks. We also aim to characterise the other geomechanical processes that might result in loss of CO2 containment. Research Overview: The research conducted in this project is multi-faceted in that it uses different techniques to answer the questions posed. Detailed 3D geomechanical modeling techniques are used on active field-scale projects, including at the Otway Project, so that issues such as ground deformation and fault/cap rock integrity can be examined. Fieldwork is also being conducted on natural mudstone outcrops, so that fault and fracture scaling laws and connectivity factors can be quantified. Finally, a multi-disciplinary seismic-based project on the Gippsland Basin is being done as part of a PhD thesis. In the 2011-2012 year, a significant amount of work was done on the structure and geomechanics of the Paaratte Formation in advance of the Stage 2C injection experiment. The main focus has been on characterising the cross-cutting faults, especially the Naylor South splay fault, in terms of their hydraulic behaviour and also propensity for reactivation in response to CO2 injection. 41

A significant amount of work has also been done in terms of risk analysis, as it pertains to vertical CO2 migration and also fault reactivation. The results of this work indicate that the faults should not impede the successful storage of CO2, nor will they adversely affect the anticipated migration pathway of injected CO2. The results of this work have been written up and will be combined with other Otway work for a Stage 2C report. The Iona Gas Field modeling work has been a focal point of the geomechanics project. The geomechanical modeling work was completed in the 2011-12 financial year and is now in the peer review process with an international journal. We have also initiated a new work package which will use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to characterise past and present ground motions at the Iona and Otway Project sites, so that the surface effects of underground gas storage can be better understood. This work is being conducted in collaboration with the Monitoring and Verification Project 1.8. The InSAR observations will not only yield numbers on surface deformation, but will also result in refinement of the geomechanical modeling, thus improving the accuracy of the modeling workflows going forward. The Gippsland Basin study, which is centered on a PhD study at the University of Adelaide, has progressed well. A literature review/report was released and a first draft of a journal paper focused on faulting patterns within the Snapper field is being developed. Unfortunately this study has had to be down-sized due to some unexpected staffing issues. During 2011-2012, some further fieldwork was carried out on the mudstone sequences in the Taranaki and Whakataki regions of New Zealand so that this study could be wrapped up and published. Although some unforeseen commitments by GNS have resulted in some delay to the results, publication of this work is expected to come to fruition during the 2012-13 financial year. The results of this work will be used to better understand fault and fracture connectivity in mudstones and will be incorporated into risk studies for CO2 storage.

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1.7 PREDICTIVE MODELLING OF STORAGE RESERVOIRS Project Leader: Dr Lincoln Paterson CSIRO, Melbourne Aim: To improve the level of confidence in predictive model storage for a range of reservoir types, particularly through experimentation at the CO2CRC Otway Project, and other field and pilot-scale demonstration projects as they become available. This project provides the “home base” for CO2CRC reservoir simulation studies and for the extension of Otway Project “good practice” to other sites. Research Overview: The first quarter of the past year was devoted to operational aspects of the CO2CRC Otway Stage Project Stage 2B residual saturation and dissolution test. This activity included fine-tuning the ratio of CO2 and water at some of the injection phases to prevent dissolution of the residual CO2. Once the field program was completed, effort concentrated on assembly and quality control of the pressure, temperature and flow rate data. This requires assigning correct depths to measurements, conversion to a common time scale, accounting for interruptions and tests for accuracy. When the data quality control was complete, the various steps of the Stage 2B test were then systematically modelled. The approach was to history match each step and then successively combine these into a single model with consistent assumptions. Pressure, temperature and tracers have been modelled with the TOUGH2 code. The University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator, UTECHEM, was acquired and also used for modelling the tracer data. Interpretations of each phase of the Stage 2B test are progressively emerging and these will be reported during 2012/13. Also during the year static and dynamic models were built for the next stage of Otway Project field testing, Stage 2C. Simulations using the Eclipse code were conducted to examine potential injected CO2 plume movement and provide input into forward seismic modelling of the likely surface seismic response. This modelling is being used to decide on the injection interval and injection volume for Stage 2C, as well as assessing environmental impacts.

1.8 IMPROVED MONITORING AND VERIFICATION Project Leader: Dr Charles Jenkins CSIRO, Canberra Aim: To use the Otway Project (and potentially other research opportunities) to develop more reliable and cost-effective monitoring systems for future demonstration and commercial projects. The objective is to develop and maintain an inventory of M&V techniques, with detailed information on the strengths, weaknesses and applicability of each technique, and on the interpretation and quantiﬁcation of the measurements that can be made. Research Overview: During the year, research effort has focused on three broad areas. The ﬁrst is associated with the further development of soil gas and atmospheric monitoring techniques. A sub-surface controlled release site has been developed at the CSIRO Ginninderra Experimental farm near Canberra and a second controlled release has been performed to calibrate soil gas techniques and test new microbiological sensor methods. Experiments were also performed to map soil conductivity before and after injection. Releases of Buttress gas during the Stage 2B (residual gas saturation) experiment at the Otway Project are being used to calibrated the atmospheric monitoring system that has been deployed at the site for the past four years. Analysis of these is being done in conjunction with results from a network of atmospheric sensors that was deployed at the same time. Interpretation is proving more complicated than anticipated but steady progress is being made.

The modeling effort in preparation for the Otway Project Stage 2C injection continues. This is a small (10-30 thousand tonnes) injection into a saline aquifer. It was originally intended to test the limits of seismic detectability of small leakages. In conjunction with stakeholders, the scope has been broadened to include the mapping of plume stabilisation. Two peer reviews have now been held and the feasibility and survey design are planned to be complete by the end of 2012. Finally, analysis has continued on the extensive datasets gathered on ground water and soil gas. These studies are invaluable in establishing the nature of natural variability and processes and hence quantifying the sensitivity and false alarm rate of these monitoring techniques. A paper has been published on the ground water surveys (Applied Geochemistry) and a draft paper on the soil gas surveys is being iterated between authors. Looking ahead, and as mentioned under Project 1.6 above, a new project has been initiated to combine InSAR ground deformation mapping with geomechanical modeling of the Iona gas storage site, located not far from the Otway Project. A third release is being planned at Ginninderra, in conjunction with aerial hyper spectral imaging, to examine the effect of a CO2 “leak” on crop growth.

3.2 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CAPTURE AND STORAGE SYSTEMS Project Leader: Matt Gerstenberger GNS New Zealand Aim: To develop and apply qualitative and quantitative risk-assessment methodologies for the long-term capture of geological storage of CO2. Research Overview: In the past year the CCS risk research has been focused on a broad range of topics that have worked to expand the overall risk method beyond the containment BBN. We have developed our method to include a range of stakeholder and timeline specific tools that can be used to address the risk at any time in the life of a project and can also be tailored to the needs of specific stakeholders. We have continued to refine our expert elicitation procedure and have now developed a set of expert calibration questions for use in weighting of expert judgement; additionally we developed a statistical optimisation method that will allow us to reduce the amount of information required from the experts. Work is also now underway to include carbon price and costs into the containment BBN. We have also begun developing the risk assessment procedure for transport, specifically pipelines, and for capture. Finally, we have been working with the Otway Stage 2C team and have developed a BBN that is helping to assess the risks posed by the fault. The risk research has resulted in several reports, including a review of international CCS risk assessment guidelines and standards, and has resulted in several conference presentations including an invited presentation at the CSLF Risk and Liability workshop and an invitation to an expert panel at the National CCS Conference.

PROGRAM 2: CAPTURE OF CO2 Program Management: Professor Dianne Wiley Capture Program Manager The CO2 Capture Research Program is focused on the research, development and deployment of technologies that can achieve signiﬁcant cuts in capture costs of up to 80 per cent and provide Australia with a research and education capability to support industries using these technologies. A framework of economic evaluation is used to measure and validate research directions and integrates with energy-production systems, transport networks and storage infrastructure. Our capture research weaves together three threads

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of activity–basic laboratory research, pilot scale demonstration projects and future large scale designs –around the core objective of lowering the commercial cost of CO2 capture by reducing the energy penalty associated with capture and improving capture technologies. For 2011-12 a major focus of the solvents and engineering research teams has been on the continued development of the CO2CRC UNO MK 3 precipitating solvent system based on potassium carbonate. A laboratory mini-plant (part-funded by ANLEC R&D) has been commissioned at the University of Melbourne while a pilot scale facility (co-funded by BCIA) for the Latrobe Valley will soon be installed and commissioned. By integrating the capture process with a power station, CO2CRC has estimated that the energy use for this system should be reduced by at least 25 per cent compared to commercial MEA systems. Meanwhile the membrane research teams are developing new materials and systems for CO2 separation, including membrane systems that can be integrated with solvent systems. Piperazine-based membranes and ultra-thin membranes using CAP (continuous assembly of polymers) synthesis are currently showing particular promise. High flux hollow fibre membranes for post-combustion capture are also under development. The adsorbents materials and process teams have developed a rapid screening tool to assess the suitability of new materials for CO2 capture. Some highly promising chabazite materials for CO2 separation from natural gas are under development. The cryogenics and hydrates research team has identified some new systems with particular application for pre-combustion and oxyfuel capture, promising greatly reduced energy requirements. A hybrid adsorbent/cryogenic system is also under investigation for post-combustion capture. In the economics area, recent research has been focusing on frameworks for matching available technologies with emission sources and designing the CCS chain to maximize reduction of CO2 emissions at the lowest cost while using the least amount of energy. Key personnel achievements and changes are: > At the University of Melbourne, Dr Josephine Lim has joined the membranes team to work on the removal of precipitates, replacing Dr Ludo Dumee. Dr Aravind Rabindran, Dr Nathan Nicholas and Dr Andrew Lee have joined the team working on the development of the precipitating solvent system.

> Professor Paul Webley and his adsorbent process development team have moved from Monash University to the University of Melbourne. > At Monash University, Dr Mohammad Chowdhury has commenced work on an ANLEC R&D funded project involving the development of new adsorbents for the separation of oxygen from air for use in oxyfiring and gasification applications. > At the University of Queensland, Dr Martens is working on the development of metal oxide silica membranes for the separation of CO2 from H2 streams. > In the Latrobe Valley we have employed a local research assistant to help ensure smooth running of the pilot plants. Our capture research continues to draw much local and international interest with significant delegations in 2011-12 from SASOL, Korea South East Power Corporation, South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage, Korean Environment Corporation and the National Institute for Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy China. During 2011-12, the capture and engineering research teams between them produced 85 presentations, 33 posters, 16 journal articles (including in the prestigious International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control), 15 major reports and eight conference papers.

2.1 DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF CAPTURE RESEARCH FACILITIES AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES Project Leader: Dr Abdul Qader CO2CRC, Melbourne Aims: To develop, operate and maintain CO2CRC’s world-class capture facilities and nurture novel capture opportunities in early stages of development. Research Overview: Work is progressing on reconﬁguring the 1 tpd solvent plant previously used for the CO2CRC/Mulgrave Capture Project and relocating it to the Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley. The plant will test the new CO2CRC solvent, UNO MK 3, which uses precipitating potassium carbonate. The design and research plan for adsorbent and membrane pilot plants for installation at the Otway Project have also been prepared.

2.2 SOLVENT SYSTEMS Project Leader: Prof Geoff Stevens The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including postand pre-combustion capture in the power industry, CO2 removal from natural gas and potentially other industries such as the cement and steel industry; and to develop, adapt and apply appropriate technologies to prevailing conditions and demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Key subprojects: > Pilot plant simulations and analytical support > Investigation of precipitating systems > Investigation of rate promoters > Investigation of the performance of membrane contactors Research Overview: The measurement of the physical properties of the precipitating solvent system is nearing completion. A range of VLSE curves have been developed and optimised to enable accurate physical property prediction. An ion exchange column has been designed and constructed. Dowex 1 has been selected for the ﬁrst phase of testing. Laboratory scale testing is underway to mimic the column performance. An initial equilibrium study has been completed. Simulations of the performance are underway. The stopped ﬂow equipment and wetted wall column are now fully set up for screening potential promoters. A second wetted wall column has also been constructed and has been calibrated. A list of potential promoters and an experimental plan has been developed for testing these promoters. Studies into incorporating promoter performance into Apsen software has begun. MEA has been added to the carbonate solvent system in Aspen. Experiments are being conducted on evaluating amino acids (analine, glycine, sarcosine, proline), amines (MEA), phosphates, vanadates, aluminates, and silicates. Experiments on the impact of buffers are also underway. A test program examining the long term (>1year) exposure of geopolymers to elevated temperatures has commenced. Samples were made and installed at temperature. Samples at 28 and 90 days of temperature exposure were removed and a comprehensive characterisation analysis completed.

Analysis of samples exposed for 180 days of aging is ongoing. Further samples will be removed and analysed incrementally up to >1 year of aging. A test program examining the interface zone (ITZ) between siliceous aggregates and 4 binders has commenced. Mortar samples were made and installed at ambient temperature. After 3, 7, 28 and 90 days the mechanical properties have been completed. BSE imaging in scanning electron microscopy was used to identify unreacted binder components, reaction products and porosity in this zone in each sample. Some experiments will be done with different aggregates binder ratio.

2.3 MEMBRANE SYSTEMS Project Leader: Prof Sandra Kentish, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including post- and pre-combustion capture in the power industry, CO2 removal from natural gas and potentially other industries such as the cement and steel industry; to develop and apply new materials and membrane processes; to demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Key subprojects: > Cost effective membrane systems > Natural Gas Systems > New membrane materials development > Precursors to large scale implementation of gas separation Research Overview: Some unusual separation behaviour has been observed with some commercial membranes. Ash fouling experiments are underway. Methods have been developed for lab-scale production of ﬂat sheet membranes using interfacial polymerization. Initial experiments using mixed gases have been completed with positive results. Work is progressing well on the synthesis of a series of triblock copolymers using click chemistry. Membranes have been cast either neat or as blends and are ready for gas testing. A series of brush PolyPOSS polymers were blended with PI and cast as membranes. Gas testing showed a reduction in permselectivities. Work has begun on ultrathin gas permeable membranes using different supports, gutter layers and selective

46 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

layers as blends with an emphasis on highly permeable membranes. Different systems have been developed with varying success. Production of ultrathin membranes using the CAP process has begun with the functionalisation of the substrates. Work on fabrication of improved gas separation polymer hollow ﬁber with PEG/PDMS co-polymer has progressed well. Strategies for the improvement of long-term membrane performance via suppression of plasticization has also progressed well. Evaluation of pre-conditioning and thermal annealing of hollow ﬁber membrane for plasticization suppression and aging is ongoing. Sol-gel synthesis of metal oxide silica materials for CO2/H2 separation has been optimised by standard and seeding techniques. Further synthesis is progressing in conjunction with steam conditioning and characterisation and testing. Hydrothermal testing (15 hours) results for the membrane formed using the seeding process showed surface area reduction between 5-30%. A loading of 6-10% cobalt oxide into the silica sol-gel by the seeding process gave the lowest surface area reduction.

2.4 ADSORBENT SYSTEMS Project Leader: Prof Paul Webley The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including post and pre-combustion capture in the power industry and CO2 removal from natural gas; also potentially, other industries such as the cement and steel industries. CO2CRC will also develop and apply new materials and adsorbent processes and demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Key subprojects: > Post-combustion capture of CO2: Process research > Pre-combustion capture of CO2: Process and materials research > CO2 capture from natural gas streams Research Overview: Initial testing of PEI material at small scale has been completed. New higher capacity formulations have been identiﬁed recently. Initial tests have led to contamination so further additional development of this material is required. The new material is now being formulated and a large batch is being prepared. Work has commenced on the adsorbent development

of cycles for treatment of humid flue gas for postcombustion capture using both a three-bed experimental apparatus and simulations. Several new cycles have been identified. The development of a PSA model for screening is now complete but must be extended to allow incorporation of water and TSA. Some water stable MOFs for post-combustion adsorbent capture have been synthesised. Characterisation is ongoing; in particular, their stability needs to be confirmed. The performance of the MOFs in a VSA system is being characterised using molecular simulations. A series of new amine materials have been synthesised and are being tested in TGA and small scale VSA under humid conditions. A large batch of PEI material is being synthesised for testing at high temperature and pressure for pre-combustion capture. A range of different metal oxides are also under development for this application. Cd-supported with NaI has been found to be very promising for high temperature reversible CO2 capture. Many process simulations have been completed for the integration of adsorbent-based CO2 capture with LNG processing. Initial cycles have been identified. Modified commercial materials are being investigated for this application. NaUSY and several other zeolites are showing promise. Synthesis of hydrophobic PCPs for CH4/CO2 separation has commenced. Molecular sieving adsorbents are also undergoing screening and testing. A provisional patent was filed.

2.5 CRYOGENIC/HYDRATES SYSTEMS Project Leader: Prof Moses Tade Curtin University of Technology, Perth Aims: To develop and apply new cryogenic and hydrate removal processes in order to reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications, particularly pre-combustion capture and oxyfuels in the ﬁrst instance and then potentially in other industries such as the cement and steel industry, post-combustion and to demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Research Overview: A hybrid VSA/Cryogenic capture scheme is under investigation. A preliminary economic evaluation of this scheme indicates about a 25% saving compared to conventional MEA systems. A study on pumping of dense phase CO2 for transportation has been completed. Energy saving schemes have been developed for oxyfuel and IGCC GE ﬂue gases.

2.7 (3.1) ECONOMICS Project Leaders: Dr Peter Neal & Dr Minh Ho The University of New South Wales, Sydney Aim: To provide research reports and advice on CO2 capture and storage economics for different technologies, specific capture and storage projects and industry hubs or regions. Research Overview: Economic assessment of capture opportunities for implementing flexible capture at individual power plants in NSW is currently focusing on a load shifting strategy based on real dispatch data. The effect of inclusion of renewable energy sources has also been considered. In other work, a model for evaluating the effect of biomass co-firing is under development. A review of groundwater salinity in Australia and produced water treatment focussing on SouthEast Queensland has been completed. Formation properties and groundwater salinities have been gathered for three injection plays. The effect of pressure relief on storage economics has been evaluated for these plays. The storage economics team has been involved in an economic analysis of CO2 transport and storage for CCS Nova Scotia. A preliminary dynamic model for a single pipeline has been developed. This is now being expanded to more realistic network expansion cases. A preliminary report has been produced outlining the methodology for optimisation of a pipeline with varying CO2 flow rate. A paper on a proposed Carbon Storage Capacity Management System (CSCMS) and its alignment with the SPE’s Petroleum Resource Management System has been published. A database of required well injection rates based on a range of reservoir properties has been constructed. This enables preparation of probabilistic analyses of injection requirements, which are the basis for estimating storage capacities. A study on the storage capacity of a hypothetical storage formation with reservoir properties of the Precipice Sandstone in the Surat Basin has been undertaken. A review of literature about future energy supply in Australia has been completed. A paper on energy supply to Eastern Australia using single greenhouse gas abatement technologies is in the final stages of preparation. The CO2CRC economics methodology report has been revised. A preliminary assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of using real options

to evaluate CCS projects has been completed. Cost indices have been updated as data has become available. Fuel and power cost assumptions, as well as exchange rates, have been updated in the light of changes in global economic conditions and revisions to economics methodology. The second release of ICCSEM has been provided to CO2CRC members. The engine for the third release incorporates the injectivity tool and topographic cost information. Improvements have been made to the GUI to improve usability. The fourth release will incorporate updated cost models for pipelines and platforms.

2.1.1 LOW COST HYBRID CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Project Leader: Prof Paul Webley The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To establish the case for a hybrid adsorbent/ solvent system that will reduce capture costs by 20% over the best amine system. With this deﬁned, the project will deliver a technical basis for, and the commercialisation plan of, this process for demonstration and large scale deployment. Research Overview: Laboratory experiments to produce low purity CO2 with the PVSA system are underway along with regeneration tests. A simulation of the complete hybrid system is also under development.

2.1.2 COST REDUCTION PROCESS: SOLVENT PRECIPITATION SYSTEM Project Leader: Prof Geoff Stevens The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To demonstrate a complete carbonate based technology for post-combustion capture by providing an integrated impurity handling system and have primary energy usage (not including energy integration) at least 10% below the best amine. Overall capture cost reduction will be evaluated at the end of the ﬁrst year: it is anticipated to result in a 20% reduction compared to the best amines including heat integration. Research Overview: The mini-plant has been commissioned. Data collection has been completed for the non-precipitating system. The research is now moving to data collection for the precipitating system.

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2.1.3 MEMBRANE PROCESSES FOR AMINE CONTAMINANT REMOVAL Project Leader: Prof Sandra Kentish The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To test and validate improvements to CO2 capture using membrane technology, results of which will be essential for signiﬁcantly reducing the cost of future commercial CCS projects. Research Overview: Both the NF and ED rigs have been commissioned. Early experimental results indicate that NF may not be as competitive as ED. Benchmark performance criteria for both NF and ED have been established.

2.1.4 LARGE SCALE COST REDUCTION THROUGH ADSORPTION BASED OXYGEN GENERATION TECHNOLOGY Project Leaders: Prof Paul Webley & Prof Alan Chaffee The University of Melbourne and Monash University Aims: To develop adsorbents which are oxygen selective, reversible, stable, safe, and appropriate for oxygen production from air. To develop adsorption process cycles producing high purity oxygen (> 98%) at 30% lower capital cost and power requirement relative to current state-of-the-art air separation technologies. To develop a combined, validated process and economic model that will provide scaled-up evaluation of the oxygen selective adsorption process. Research Overview: Different classes of materials for the separation have been identiﬁed. Several prospective adsorbents have been selected from the literature and initial synthesis is underway and preliminary characterisation has commenced. Process cycles are being developed for future evaluation. A MINSA process simulation of conventional O2VSA has been developed for benchmarking purposes.

2.1.7 CAPTURE DEMONSTRATION FOR COST REDUCTION Project Leader: Dr Abdul Qader CO2CRC, Melbourne Aims: The project will undertake a range of studies targeted at cost and risk reduction to develop the CO2CRC precipitating solvent technology by making step-change improvements in process, equipment and materials speciﬁc to brown coal emissions handling especially in terms of impurities present and by evaluating process integration and economic/ business opportunities.

Research Overview: A formal agreement between WES/PG/CO2CRC is progressing. There have been delays to the delivery of the rig due to ongoing design changes. A test program for the joint trials has been agreed. A Post-doctoral Fellow has been recruited by the University of Melbourne. A Research Assistant has been recruited by CO2CRC. The onsite location for the rig has been identiﬁed and a site installation work contract is under negotiation. Other auxiliaries, like column packing, ion-exchange resins and potassium carbonate solvent have already arrived. A CO2CRC HSE Framework for the project is under development.

2.1.8 EVALUATION OF CO2 CAPTURE WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE HOLLOW FIBRE MEMBRANES FROM FLUE GAS Project Leader: Prof Vicki Chen The University of New South Wales, Sydney Aims: This research aims to fabricate high performance hollow fibre membranes for CO2 capture from flue gas and to compare their laboratory performance with synthesised gas mixtures with real flue gas streams in power plants. Research Overview: A state of art report on membrane and module selection and screening has been completed including the selection of benchmarks for membrane and material performance at various project development phases. Selection of membranes for the first phase of on-site tests is nearing completion.

PROGRAM 3: FACILITATING CCS Program Management: Professor Peter Cook Principal Adviser (June 2011-May 2012) Dr Julie-Anne White General Manager – Business Development (from June 2012) The aim of this program is to facilitate the deployment of CCS and bring together the research and development activities of CO2CRC’s capture and storage research and demonstration projects. In the past year CO2CRC CCS risk research has been broadened and methods now include a range of stakeholder and timeline speciﬁc tools that can be used to address the risk at any time in the life of a project and be tailored to the needs of speciﬁc stakeholders. Economic models for CCS developed by CO2CRC look at the whole CCS chain from capture to storage

and monitoring. The CO2CRC economics research team has continued to develop a framework of economic evaluation used to measure and validate research directions and integrate energy-production systems, transport networks and storage infrastructure. CO2CRC continued its significant contribution to State and Federal Governments though the National Storage Mapping Taskforce, the Flagships process and high level CCS consultations. Several international governments also received CO2CRC technical advice. The Science Initiatives project has been active in monitoring & disseminating technology developments in the CCS storage discipline and providing relevant technical input to CO2CRC storage projects using the skills and experience of the Chief Scientist. The Chief Scientist has also played a major role in representing CO2CRC at key domestic and international forums, workshops and conferences, as well as being principal instructor for numerous international CCS schools. The Technology Initiatives theme, led by the Chief Technologist, has been active in the engineering development and process integration aspects of all CO2CRC capture activities. In particular the team has been heavily focussed on the practical development of UNO Mk 3. The team has been exploring a range of opportunities to best utilise this exciting new technology. Work also continues on the investigation of retrofit pathways and hybrid technologies as well as leading edge research into CCS process integration at Monash University. The focus of the work is on cost reduction for large scale capture implementation. CO2CRC continues to recruit post-graduate students and has more than 40 graduate students within its programs, making it one of the most significant CCS training programs anywhere in the world. The Education and Training program expanded its contribution to CCS capacity development in China, running workshops and hosting international students. The program’s major activity in Australia, the CO2CRC CCS School, attracted government and industry professionals as well as international participants. In addition to regular communications duties such as publications production, media liaison and event management, CO2CRC completed a new Otway Project video, revised the Otway Project communications strategy and undertook social research into community perceptions of the Otway Project and CCS technology. Community consultation at the Otway Project continued through newsletters, community reference group meetings and regular liaison with landowners.

CO2CRC has built on its successful commercialisation of knowledge with ﬁve new major consultancy projects for CO2CRC sponsor companies and for third parties, and four patents pending, all of which are supporting breakthroughs in new capture technologies and processes. In addition, its knowledge and experience was used in the public sector in the development of CCS regulations.

3.4 EDUCATION AND TRAINING CO2CRC’s Education and Training program has had another busy year with the book “Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon” being published and generating healthy interest, recruitment of new post-graduate students, Australian and international CCS schools and international capacity building in CCS. Post-graduate students are a focus for the Education and Training program and fourteen new PhD students commenced research with the CRC this year while eight post-graduate students were awarded their PhD. Several post-graduates are in the ﬁnal writing stages or their thesis is under examination. The total number of completed PhDs and Masters is now 26 with many more underway (see table below). The 2011 CO2CRC CCS School was held at the University of Melbourne from 26-28 September 2011. The 2011 School continued the success of the 2010 CO2CRC CCS School in Brisbane and

50 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

the IEA GHG International CCS Summer School in Champaign, Illinois. The Global CCS Institute provided 11 scholarships for PhD students and early career professionals from the Asia-Paciﬁc region to attend the School. Interaction between students from different CCS sectors and nationalities provided an opportunity for considerable sharing of knowledge and experience. There were 39 participants comprising post-graduate students from CO2CRC, international participants, early-career scientists from industry and government workers. Over twenty speakers and mentors from CO2CRC’s researchers and partner universities, outside research bodies, industry and government contributed to the School. Considerable activity occurred in the Capacity Development work of the CRC this year. CO2CRC continued its collaboration with Geoscience Australia for the China-Australia Geological Storage of CO2 (CAGS) Program, with CO2CRC researchers delivering several sessions at a CCS School in Sanya, China in August, 2011. CO2CRC students presented posters and papers at the 2011 CO2CRC Research Symposium held in Adelaide, giving them the opportunity to present to a wide audience of researchers and industry partners. Many CO2CRC researchers and partners attended a writing workshop held during the Symposium. All gave positive feedback with suggestions for another workshop next year.

CO2CRC continued to work with the Global CCS Institute under an Alliance agreement. CO2CRC work under the Alliance included sharing of public communication/educational materials, meetings to provide advice to the knowledge-sharing team and representation on the Institute’s Capacity Development Working Group. Under the Alliance the Global CCS Institute and CO2CRC will continue to work together on capacity building courses. The book “Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon” by Professor Peter Cook was ofﬁcially launched by the Minister of Energy and Resources, Martin Ferguson, on 1 March 2012. The book explores carbon capture and storage in the context of the challenges of energy needs, carbon dioxide emissions and climate change; and is written with a general audience in mind. The book is aimed at people who are concerned about climate change, or who want to learn more about clean energy technologies, including CCS, and ﬁlls the gap between a high level overview and the technical detail. CO2CRC continued contributions to international CCS capacity building activities by being involved in and running workshops and schools in a variety of countries. In August 2011 CO2CRC ran a one day CCS workshop for the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society in Taiwan, focusing on the issues and opportunities for CCS in Taiwan’s energy industry.

CO2CRC maintains high quality online resources including education and training material for Australian and international bodies. Plans for the next ﬁnancial year include: > Organising a workshop for new PhD students at the annual CO2CRC Research Symposium > Contributing to international CCS capacity-building activities in collaboration with international partners > Continue talks with Petrobras about running a CCS school in Brazil in 2013 > Continue talks with Petronas about running a CCS school in Malaysia in 2013 > Develop the ‘Train the Trainer’ course on a country by country basis and increase international capacity building in education and training of CCS > Expanding educational material. Tally of CO2CRC students 2011/12 MSc or M Eng (including masters by coursework)

PhD

Total post-graduate students

Post doctoral appointments

3.5 COMMUNICATIONS CO2CRC has two strategies in place to ensure communications activities are well-planned, focused and effective. CO2CRC’s overall Communication Strategy sets out the organisation’s communications goals and objectives, and tactics to achieve them. It encompasses CO2CRC public communications on CCS, stakeholder relations, media liaison, issues management and internal communications, as well as a crisis communications plan. The CO2CRC Otway Project Community Consultation and Communication Strategy speciﬁcally covers community consultation surrounding the CO2CRC Otway Project. The Strategy covers CO2CRC’s communication with the Nirranda and regional community, as well as communication of project outcomes to the wider public. This strategy was revised during the year following the results of a second round of Otway Project social research completed in late 2011. The following activities have been undertaken during the reporting period. CO2CRC INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS > CO2CRC produces a biannual staff newsletter which provides CRC staff with updates on research, education & training, social news and awards and honours. A staff newsletter was issued in July and December 2011. > CO2CRC holds an annual Research Symposium to bring together CO2CRC researchers, industry and government partners, and the Australian and international CCS community to share and discuss CCS research and developments. The Symposium an important annual update of CO2CRC research progress, providing opportunities for networking and debate while fostering collaboration. The 2011 CO2CRC Research Symposium was held in Adelaide in November.

and the project since 2006 when a similar study was undertaken. The work found that residents living close to the project felt more comfortable with the technology and had an improved understanding of how CCS works. > Eleven media releases were issued during the year, with follow up media liaison including journalist brieﬁngs, media interviews, letters to editors, articles and provision of images for general, industry and CCS publications. > CO2CRC convened the second National CCS Week and National CCS Conference, to be held in October 2012, supported by nine industry, government and research organisations. > There has been continuing demand for visits to the CO2CRC Otway Project and Latrobe Valley capture demonstration plants, from Australian and international industry, government, the research community and the media. > CO2CRC publishes CO2 Futures, a quarterly newsletter focusing on CO2CRC research stories and developments. The newsletter is distributed nationally and internationally to over 1000 subscribers, industry, government and the research community. > Information products, such as fact sheets, brochures and banners, were produced throughout the year. A summary and map of Australian CCS projects is maintained and updated. > The CO2CRC website is a comprehensive central point for information on CCS and the CRC. The website includes improved access to information on CCS and CO2CRC research, CO2CRC publications and a popular image library including online videos on CCS technology. A live newsfeed and social media engagement through Twitter (@ CCS_Research) are proving to be popular.

CO2CRC EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

> CO2CRC attends events, including information booths at relevant conferences such as APPEA (May 2012) and All-Energy (October 2011). CO2CRC speakers attend national and international conferences and fora.

> In late 2011 CO2CRC completed a six minute video production covering research at the Otway Project and in particular the Stage 2B experiments.

CO2CRC OTWAY PROJECT COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

> CO2CRC commissioned and completed a social research project in late 2011, in order to gauge community perceptions of the Otway Project. The study also assessed changes in attitudes to CCS

52 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

CO2CRC works with the Nirranda community to build public conﬁdence and support for CCS and the CO2CRC Otway Project.

The locally-based Otway Project Liaison Ofﬁcer acts as a conduit between researchers and local landowners and provides a point of contact for the local community. CO2CRC informs the community, including residents, local government, schools and NGOs, of research outcomes and changes to site operations via the Otway Project Liaison Ofﬁcer, the project community reference group and regular community newsletters. Project update newsletters were mailed to 1300 residents in November 2011 and June 2012. The community reference group includes representatives from local government, regulators, landowners and the local community. Regular public meetings are held that include project updates and the opportunity for discussions on issues affecting local residents. Community reference group meetings were held in December 2011 and June 2012 to update the community on the progress of Stage 2. National and international interest in the project is high. CO2CRC conducts regular site visits of the Otway Project for visiting researchers, policy-makers, State and Federal government representatives, industry groups, community groups and students. Over 250 visitors toured the project during the reporting period. Information on the Otway Project is continually updated and includes newsletters, posters, photographs, fact sheets and brochures.

3.6 UTILISATION The CO2CRC Commercialisation and Utilisation Plan was approved by the Department of Education, Science and Training in May 2005 and released in June 2005. The strategic intents for commercialisation were subsequently reviewed at CO2CRC Executive workshops held in July 2005 and January 2006. CO2CRC commercialises and utilises its intellectual property through its commercial arm, CO2TECH. The strategies are to: > build on current CO2CRC opportunities, especially consultancy contracts; > develop a clear and workable set of protocols to manage commercialisation processes; > inform CO2CRC researchers and management of commercialisation protocols and processes through internal communications and commercialisation workshops; > develop a peak-loading strategy for consultancy work using international consortia and researchers who can move between projects;

> identify and develop commercially aware CO2CRC researchers; > develop commercial relationships including links with other international geosequestration and carbon capture and storage research and development organisations; > protect and preserve project intellectual property; and > regularly review the Commercialisation Plan. The ongoing tasks are to: > continue to expand the carbon capture and storage consultancy activities with a view to establishing a stand-alone spin off company, > establish links and partnerships with international R&D agencies and companies with the aim of developing capacity; > conduct commercialisation workshops; > undertake annual IP audits; > maintain and update the IP register; and > always achieve requisite Commonwealth Agreement milestones. ACTIVITIES IN THE REPORTING PERIOD 1. CO2TECH was successful in securing five new major consultancy projects for CO2CRC sponsor companies and for third parties. For the 12 month period ending June 30th 2012, CO2TECH generated gross fees totalling $668,000 and a gross margin of 21% before general expenses and disbursements. Activities during the year included commercial-in-confidence technical work, feasibility studies, economic modelling and due-diligence work for government. 2. CO2TECH manages all CO2CRC patents and trademarks and at 30 June 2012 has four patents, all of which are supporting breakthroughs in new capture technologies and processes. In addition CO2TECH has registered six trademarks primarily to protect CO2CRC and CO2TECH trading names and logos. 3. CO2CRC continues to refine the software for its Publications Tracking System. This is a very important tool that enables CO2TECH to manage IP issues, including copyright ownership, and provides publishers and conference organisers with formal licences to publish or reproduce CO2CRC publications.

3.8 SCIENCE INITIATIVES

> CS presented schools and workshops on CCS, eg:

Project Leader: Prof John Kaldi CO2CRC, Adelaide

– Illinois Geological Survey & University of Illinois July, 2011

Aims: The principle aim of this project is to provide technical input, quality assurance and high level advice on relevant aspects of CCS to the CO2CRC program through leadership of the Chief Scientist (CS). Other aims are to represent CO2CRC at key domestic and international forums, workshops and conferences, and contribute to capacity building in CCS through key roles in domestic and international CCS Schools and workshops.

– IEAGHG CCS Summer School (Illinois): July, 2011

Key subprojects:

– CS convener and keynote speaker at numerous Conferences & workshops on CCS (eg AAPG, SPE, IEAGHG)

> Monitor & disseminate new technology developments in the Storage discipline > Provide technical input to CO2CRC Storage projects > Provide technical input into CO2TECH and associated CO2CRC projects > Provide Storage Program Manager quality assurance of CO2CRC storage projects – Ensure that relevant science & technology are properly applied to each project – Review and/or recommend for approval technical manuscripts / presentations within storage disciplines > Capacity building in CCS: Contribute to Education & Training Program through international leadership role in organisation and teaching of courses, schools and workshops in CCS > CO2CRC delegate on Australian Consortium of IEAGHG (review & recommend R&D directions; member CCS Summer School International Steering Committee) > Represent CO2CRC at domestic and international technical workshops and conferences on CCS > Investigation of caprock and fault seal controls on containment of CO2 (CS & team) PROJECT UPDATE: JULY 1, 2011–JUNE 30, 2012 > Chief Scientist contributed to objectives of 3.8 by providing high level and detailed input/advice to global CCS projects (eg Decatur; CarbonNet; SACCCS)

54 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

– KIGAM CCS School (Daejeon, S. Korea) August, 2011 – AOGS & Taiwan Universities CCS School (Taipei, Taiwan) August, 2011 – CO2CRC CCS School (Melbourne), September, 2011

3.9 TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES Project Leader/Chief Technologist: Barry Hooper Technical Leaders: Clare Anderson, Trent Harkin, Barry Hooper CO2CRC, Melbourne Aim: This project comprises activities led by the Chief Technologist covering engineering development/ process integration and commercialisation activities for centre IP (3.9.1/2.6), ANLEC Science Leaders role (3.9.2) and an Executive advisory role to the Chief Executive shown as Chief Technologist (3.9.3). 3.9.1 (2.6): ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT/ PROCESS INTEGRATION Research Objectives: > To provide integration between research and practical engineering application for large scale plant > To incorporate cost reducing engineering aspects to capture technologies, particularly through the use of process and heat integration and novel equipment concepts > To provide engineering and technical support to the core research program aiding in the practical direction of capture research > To drive commercialisation of CO2CRC IP. The activities are organised in work packages, a number of which are listed below outlining 2011–12 highlights.

WORK PACKAGES Technology Overview & Implementation Research Objectives: To identify the implementation pathways for all four technologies including a strategic view of the strengths and weaknesses of the respective separation technologies, the most promising markets for each and the key enablers required to make a separation technology commercially attractive.

HYBRID CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES Research Objectives: To evaluate the cost reduction potential of using a range of hybrid capture systems utilising all practical conﬁgurations of CO2CRC separation research pathways. Highlights: > Initial work complete and report issued on hybrid applications incorporating UNO MK 3.

UNO MK3 Research Objectives: This work package deals with the large scale engineering development of the UNO MK 3 process leading to commercialisation. Highlights: > Completion of 10 engineering design cases for UNO MK 3 implementation and costing > Provide direction for UNO MK 3, simulation assistance, review of impurity handling and absorption improvement options > UNO Commercialisation Packages for European and US Roadshows complete and presented > Operations and project input to UNO BCIA/ANLEC projects > Patent review and support for all UNO IP RETROFIT PATHWAYS

PHD PROGRAM – PROCESS INTEGRATION Research Leader: Assoc. Prof Andrew Hoadley, Monash University Research Objectives/Activities: > Two PhD students have been recruited to progress CCS process integration issues in the areas of; – Hybrids and novel separations (membranes and adsorbents) – Integration of renewables with CCS (with a particular focus on natural gas ﬁred applications) 3.9.2 ANLEC R&D SCIENCE LEADER ROLE (Barry Hooper) Research Objectives/Activities: Contributed to the development of ANLEC R&D Science Leaders interests and reviewed research proposals submitted to the ANLEC R&D Alternatives and Fundamentals Research program

Research Objectives: To identify the potential for cost reductions using CCS retroﬁts. To identify risk reduction opportunities for the commercialisation of CCS by assessing the potential for stage-wise introduction of CCS consistent with eventual full scale CO2 capture in both coal and natural gas applications.

3.9.3 CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST ROLE (Barry Hooper) Research Objective: The provision of technical support and advice to the CE for the development of CO2CRC and CCS in Australia.

Highlights: > Workshop on retroﬁt pathway options for Australian power plants completed > Four reports prepared on NGCC capture and process integration

56 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

s cc s cs cs s cc cs c ccs s c s cc s c cs cc s s c c s c cc cs c ccs cc cs c ccs s s s c ccs s cc cs c ccs s cc c s cc s c cs cc s c s cc s c cs cc s c s cc s c cs cc s cc s c cs cc s cc s c cs s cc s c cs s cc s c s cc s c s cc s cs s cc c s c

SME ENGAGEMENT CO2CRC continues to collaborate with Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in both capture and storage and has been instrumental in providing access to new opportunities to these enterprises. CO2CRC has developed a close working relationship with WES Group that has an innovative contactor technology that complements CO2CRCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s UNO technology. Both parties are beneďŹ tting from the collaboration, both in the technical and research arenas but also in the area of marketing and promotion. CO2CRC also has a close working relationship with the Process Group, a SME engineering company. This organisation is currently building the new pilot plant facilities at Hazelwood power station for CO2CRC.

58 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

COLLABORATION

COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN END-USER PARTICIPANTS

CO2CRC actively collaborated with all its core research parties, including CSIRO, Geoscience Australia, Curtin University of Technology, Monash University, the University of Adelaide, the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales, Charles Darwin University, the University of Queensland and the New Zealand Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, during the reporting period.

CO2CRC worked with end-user participants over several months to develop an accompanying signiﬁcant EIF bid. This is now the subject of a conﬁdential evaluation process by Government.

Simon Fraser University, Canada; the US Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Korean Institute of Geology and Minerals (KIGAM) collaborated closely with CO2CRC in work at the Otway site during the reporting period. The Otway Project continues to provide excellent opportunities for collaboration between our research providers. This is recognised by a growing number of international research and government organisations who are actively pursuing opportunities to visit and work with our researchers on the Otway Project. CO2CRC encourages international exchange of researchers to promote collaboration and this is detailed in the International Collaborations section. Similarly CO2CRC is collaborating in overseas projects.

In addition to those linkages mentioned above with our international members and collaborators, CO2CRC has a number of other linkages including:

CO2CRC researchers, managers and its participants come together annually for the CO2CRC Symposium. This year the Symposium was held in Adelaide. The aim of the Symposium is to provide further opportunities for discussing the research undertaken by CO2CRC. This direct interaction between researchers and participants builds a sense of community with researchers and participants.

EXTERNAL LINKAGES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRC

> The International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG) – CO2CRC undertook studies on CO2 storage for the IEAGHG during the reporting period > Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) – The CO2CRC Otway Project is a formally endorsed CSLF Project – CO2CRC is leading an international task force for CSLF on identifying and closing the technology gaps for CCS > CO2CRC also has a network of international linkages established through its consulting arm and its training programs, particularly with countries such as Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Brazil and South Africa. Some of these countries are building their own capability in CCS and are drawing on CO2CRC knowledge. Some of the training and consulting activities associated with these linkages is supported by the Global CCS Institute.

COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN RESEARCHER PARTICIPANTS AND END-USER PARTICIPANTS Over the past six months the Otway Stage 2B activities provided an important focus for researchers and end-user participants. A steady inﬂux of visitors to the site, combined with 24 hour operations over many weeks, meant that collaborators were able to contribute directly in a very practical way to the research work. The experience obtained at Nirranda South is contributing directly to the development of Flagship proposals such as the Collie Southwest Hub and the CarbonNet Project.

60 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

END-USER INVOLVEMENT IN CRC ACTIVITIES End-user name

Relationship with CRC

Type of activity & end-user location

Nature / scale of beneﬁts to end-user

Actual or expected beneﬁt to end-user

Chevron Australia Industry Pty Ltd participant

Provision of technical services as part of the Gorgon project in WA

Access to CO2CRC researchers to enable the company to undertake a speciﬁc expert task

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for Chevron because of their high level of technical expertise

Korea National Oil Government Corporation

Technical Services

Access to expert researchers to enable the company to undertake a geosequestration study of an offshore basin

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for KNOC because of their high level of technical expertise and their international reputations

CCS Nova Scotia Government

Technical Services

Access to CO2CRC researchers to enable CCS Nova Scotia to undertake a carbon capture and storage feasibility study

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for CCS Nova Scotia because of their high level of technical expertise and their international reputations

IEA Environmental Projects Ltd

International Research and Development organisation

Contract research: Induced Seismicity and its implications for CO2 storage risk carried out in Australia and New Zealand

Access to expert researchers via a competitive tender process

The study contributed to the IEA’s ongoing UK program of R&D in carbon capture and storage

IEA Environmental Projects Ltd

International Research and Development organisation

Contract research Subsurface Resource Interaction with CO2 Geological Storage carried out in Australia

Access to expert researchers via a competitive tender process

The study contributed to the IEA’s ongoing UK program of R&D in carbon capture and storage

EH funded FP7 project–Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage (RISCS)

Access to expert researchers

Utilisation of CO2CRC researchers to provide peer review services

British Geological Research Survey Collaborator

62 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AAPG

American Association of Petroleum Geologists

IEAGHG

International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Program

ACA

Australian Coal Association

Intellectual Property

ANLEC R&D

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research & Development

KIGAM

Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources

APEC

Asia Paciﬁc Economic Cooperation

KPIs

Key Performance Indicators

APPEA

Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association

LDH

Layer Double Hydroxide

MCA

Minerals Council of Australia

ASEG

Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists

M&V

Monitoring and Veriﬁcation

AITF

Alberta Innovates Technology FuturesASP Australian School of Petroleum (University of Adelaide)

Nitrogen

NIER

Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources

BCIA

Brown Coal Innovation Australia

NOx

Nitrogen Oxides

CCS

Carbon Capture and Storage

NPC

National People’s Congress

Chief Executive

NSW

New South Wales

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

New Zealand

CO2CRC

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies

PAC

Program Advisory Committee

PIRSA

CO2TECH

CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd

Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia

CPPL

CO2CRC Pilot Project Limited

PRCfE

Priority Research Centre for Energy

CRC

Cooperative Research Centre

QRA

Quantitative Risk Assessment

CSIRO

Commonwealth Scientiﬁc and Industrial Research Organisation

Risk Assessment

RET

CSLF

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism

R&D

Research and Development

DoE

US Department of Energy

South Australia

ETIS

Victorian Government Energy Technology Innovation Strategy

SMEs

Small and Medium sized Enterprises

Geoscience Australia

SOx

Sulphur Oxides

GCCSI

Global CCS Institute

United Kingdom

UNSW

University of New South Wales

University of Queensland

United States (of America)

VSA

Vacuum-Swing Adsorption

VSP

Vertical Seismic Proﬁle

Western Australia

GEODISCTM Geological Disposal of Carbon Dioxide GHG

Greenhouse Gas

GIS

Geographic Information System

GNS

GNS Science, New Zealand

IEA

International Energy Agency

64 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

PUBLICATIONS GENERAL REPORTS, NON-REFEREED PAPERS & COMMUNICATIONS Ho, M, Fimbres Weihs, G and Wiley, D, 2012. CO2CRC Response to NSW Parliamentary Inquiry into Economics of Energy Generation. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3537. Peampermpool, R, 2012. Optimum pressure for CO2 capture from oxyfuel ﬂue gases by cryogenics with an energy saving scheme. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3503. 9pp.

Bache, F, Browne, G, Barker, D, Field, B, Roncaglia, L, Funnell, R, Daniel, R, Cooke, D, Nicol, A, Grifﬁn, A, Baur, J, Kaldi, J and Arnot, M, 2011. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) review for the Ulleung Basin, Korea–Phase 2 report on storage potential. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3361. 246pp. Mumford, K, Quyn, D, Endo, K, Suryaputradinata, Y, Tan, C, Wong Chon Hon, K, Anderson, C and Stevens, G, 2011. Cost reduction process: solvent precipitation system. Internal report for period Jul-Dec 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3356. Swierczek, E, 2011. Structural and geomechanical aspects of fault reactivation along Rosedale Fault System, near shore Gippsland Basin–PhD review study. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3194.

Myers, M, Stalker, L, Ross, A, Dyt, C and Ho, K.B, 2012. Reactive Esters Tracers at the CO2CRC’s Otway Stage 2B Residual Saturation and Dissolution Test. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3489.

Xiao, J, Hoadley, A, Webley, P, Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2011. State-of-the-art report for low cost hybrid capture technology development. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3184. 34pp.

de Caritat, P, 2012. CO2CRC Otway Project: Groundwater monitoring and baseline determination Fieldwork Program 19-24 March 2012 Completion Report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3480.

Anderson, C and Hooper, B, 2011. CO2 Removal Technologies for Brown Coal Gasiﬁcation: Addendum Prepared for HRL Technology Pty Ltd. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3180.

Lu, H, 2012. CO2 Capture Using Potassium Carbonate –Calorimetry. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3440.

Anderson, C and Hooper, B, 2011. CO2 Removal Technologies for Brown Coal Gasiﬁcation: A Review Prepared for HRL Technologies Pty Ltd. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3179. 23pp.

Christophersen, A and Gerstenberger, M, 2012. A review of guidelines and standards relevant to risk assessment in CCS. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3423. 26pp. Buxton, R and Gerstenberger, M, 2012. Methods of addressing uncertainty. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3375. 11pp. Mumford, K, Quyn, D, Endo, K, Suryaputradinata, Y, Tan, C, Wong Chon Hon, K, Anderson, C and Stevens, G, 2011. Cost reduction process: Solvent precipitation system. 2nd half-yearly report for ANLEC for period Jul-Dec 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3362.

Pevzner, R, Caspari, E, Bona, A, Galvin, R, Madadi, M, Urosevic, M, Dance, T, Shulakova, V, Gurevich, B and Cinar, Y, 2011. Feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 injection into Paaratte formation, CO2CRC Otway Project. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3161. Qader, A, 2011. Report for Brown Coal Innovation Australia (BCIA) Milestone 2 CO2CRC’s Solvent-Based Carbon Capture Technology in Brown Coal Fired Power Plants (CSCCT-BCFPP)—Capture Demonstration for Cost Reduction (CO2CRC UNO MK 3 Capture Project). Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3151.

Neal, P and Ong, M, 2011. ICCSEM Version 2.0 Release Notes. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3135. Tenthorey, E, Maney, B and Dewhurst, D, 2011. Description of Geomechanical Properties for the Paaratte and surrounding formations. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3124. Steeper, T, 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies Communication Strategy 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3004. Tenthorey, E, Backe, G, Puspitasari, R, John, Z, Vidal-Gilbert, S, Maney, B and Dewhurst, D, 2011. 3D Geomechanical Modelling Study of the Iona Gas Storage Field. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2993. Azizi, E and Cinar, Y, 2011. Generic Numerical Simulations and Comparison of Existing Analytical Models for Modelling CO2 Injection in Saline Aquifers. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2953. 32pp.

Steeper, T, 2011. Public Perceptions of the CO2 Geosequestration Research Project CO2CRC Otway Project April 2006. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2905. Browne, G, Kaldi, J, Bache, F, Reid, E, Field, B, Roncaglia, L, Funnell, R, Daniel, R, Nicol, A and Grifﬁn, A, 2011. Opportunities for CO2 Storage in the Ulleung Basin, Korea Phase 1—Report 2. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2904. 205pp. Pevzner, R, Caspari, E, Alonaizi, F, Urosevic, M, Shulakova,V and Gurevich,B, 2011. Feasibility study of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 injection into Paaratte formation, CO2CRC Otway Project. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2895. Loh, Z, Etheridge, D, Spencer, D, Gregory, R, Allison, C, Leist, M, Zegelin, S, Meyer, C.P, Steele, L.P, Leuning, R, Langenfelds, R.L and Krummel, P.B, 2011. Data Framework Report CO2CRC Otway Project atmospheric monitoring data (CSIRO) . Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2885.

Wandoan Power, 2011. Wandoan Power Project Pre-feasibility Study Knowledge Sharing Report June 2011. Wandoan Power, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2952.

Stalker, L, Noble, R, Pejcic, B, Leybourne, M, Hortle, A and Michael, K, 2011. Feasibility of Monitoring Techniques for Substances Mobilised by CO2 Storage in Geological Formations. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2861. 193pp.

Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2011. Implementing CO2 capture at power plants—retroﬁt or new build?. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2946.

Ennis-King, J and Paterson, L, 2011. Simulation workﬂow for stage 1 of the CO2CRC Otway Project. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2860.

De Vries, D, 2011. IEAGHG 7th Monitoring Network Meeting Report June 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2928.

Stevens, G, Mumford, K, Quyn, D, Kentish, S, Scholes, C, Webley, P, Lee, S, Ho, M, Wiley, D, Qader, A, Hooper, B, Hoadley, A and Harkin, T, 2011. Post-combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies for Brown Coal Power Generation - Final report for Brown Coal Innovation Australia (Full Version). Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2842.

Pevzner, R, Caspari, E, Urosevic, M, Shulakova, V and Gurevich, B, 2011. 4D VSP monitoring of CO2 sequestration into a depleted gas reservoir, CO2CRC Otway Project. Time-lapse analysis and comparison with 4D surface seismic monitoring. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-2915.

66 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

Pevzner, R and Urosevic, M, 2011. Time-lapse 3D VSP cross equalisation and repeatability analysis: CRC-1 3DVSP, Baseline and First Repeat Survey. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT10-2672.

Richards, M, Ong, M and Neal, P, 2011. Getting started with ICCSEM 2.0—A quick-start guide. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT10-2528. Bunch, M, Boreham, C, Ennis-King, J, Freifeld, B, Leahy, M, Muller, N, Paterson, L, Sharma, S, Singh, R and Stalker, L, 2011. Residual Gas Saturation Test Manual. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT10-2445. Bunch, M and Backe, G, 2011. CO2 storage potential in the onshore Gippsland Basin—Phase 2: geological and geomechanical characterization of a CO2 storage prospect. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT10-2422. 38pp.

JOURNAL PAPERS Jenkins, C, Cook, P, Ennis-King, J, Underschultz, J, Boreham, C, de Caritat, P, Dance, T, Etheridge, D, Hortle, A, Freifeld, B, Kirste, D, Paterson, L, Pevzner, R, Schacht, U, Sharma, S, Stalker, L and Urosevic, M, 2012. Safe storage and effective monitoring of CO2 in depleted gas fields. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA, vol. 109 (2), pp. 353-354. Paterson, L et al, 2011. The CO2CRC Otway stage 2B residual saturation and dissolution test—Report to ANLEC 2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3158. Backe, G, Swierczek, E, MacDonald, J, Bailey, A, Tassone, D, Abul Khair, H, Holford, S and King, R, 2012. Seismic attributes and structural interpretation— it takes two to tango... The APPEA Journal, vol. 52, pp. 437-454. Thee, H, Smith, K, Da Silva, G, Kentish, S and Stevens, G, 2011. Carbon dioxide absorption into unpromoted and borate-catalyzed potassium carbonate solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 181-182, pp. 694-701. Gordon, L, Provis, J and van Deventer, J, 2012. The durability of fly ash/GGBFS-based geopolymers exposed to carbon capture solvents. Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol. 110 (8), pp. 446-452(7). Jenkins, C, Humphries, R, Leuning, R, Zegelin, S, Caldow, C, Feitz, A, Berko, H and Griffith, D, 2011. Atmospheric Tomography: A Bayesian inversion technique for determining the rate and location of fugitive emissions. Environmental Science and

Technology, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ es202807s. Mumford, K, Smith, K, Anderson, C, Shen, S, Tao, W, Suryaputradinata, Y, Qader, A, Hooper, B, Kentish, S, Stevens, G, et al Innocenzi, A, 2011. PostCombustion Capture of CO2—Results from the Solvent Absorption Capture Plant at Hazelwood Power Station Using Potassium Carbonate Solvent. Energy and Fuels, vol. 26, pp. 138-146. Gordon, L, Provis, J and van Deventer, J.S, 2011. The durability of ﬂy ash/GGBFS-based geopolymers exposed to carbon capture solvents. Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol. 110 (8), pp. 446-452(7). Stirling, M, Litchﬁeld, N, Gerstenberger, M, Clark, D, Bradley, B, Beavan, J, McVerry, G, Van Dissen, R, Nicol, A, Wallace, L and Buxton, R, 2012. Preliminary Probabilistic Tectonic Hazard Analysis of the Otway Basin, Australia. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA), vol. 101 (6), pp. 2726-2736. Chen, G, Scholes, C, Qiao, G and Kentish, S, 2011. Water vapor permeation in polyimide membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 379 (1-2), pp. 479-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.023. Endo, K, Nguyen, Q.S, Kentish, S and Stevens, G, 2011. The effect of boric acid on the vapour liquid equilibrium of aqueous potassium carbonate. Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol. 309 (2), pp. 109-113. Anderson, C, Tao, W, Scholes, C, Stevens, G and Kentish, S, 2011. The Performance of NPC Membranes in the Presence of Condensable and on-Condensable Impurities. Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 378 (1-2), pp. 117-127. Xiao, J, Singh, R, Chaffee, A and Webley, P, 2011. Advanced Adsorbents based on MgO and K2CO3 for capture of CO2 at elevated temperatures. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 5 (2011), pp. 634-639. Pevzner, R, Gurevich, B and Urosevic, M, 2011. Estimation of azimuthal anisotropy from VSP data using multicomponent S-wave velocity analysis. Geophysics, vol. 76 (5). Uysal, T, Golding, S, Bolhar, R, Zhao, J, Feng, Y, Baublys, K and Greig, A, 2011. CO2 degassing and trapping during hydrothermal cycles related to Gondwana rifting in eastern Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 75 (19), pp. 5444-5466. Simioni, M, Kentish, S and Stevens, G, 2011. Membrane Stripping: Desorption of Carbon Dioxide From Alkali Solvents. Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 378 (1-2), pp. 18-27.

Subagyono, D, Liang, Z, Knowles, G and Chaffee, A, 2011. Amine modiﬁed mesocellular siliceous foam (MCF) as a sorbent for CO2. Chemical Engineering Research , vol. 89 (9A), pp. 1647-1657.

Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2011. Economic Evaluation of Post-Combustion Capture of CO2 at the CO2CRC H3 Capture Project. In Chemeca 2011, Sydney, 18-21 September, 2011.

Lwin, M, 2011. The effect of different gases on the ultrasonic response of coal. Geophysics, vol. 76, E155.

Anderson, C, Mumford, K, Smith, K, Kentish, S, Qader, A and Stevens, G, 2011. Demonstrating Carbon Dioxide Capture Through Pilot Plant Operation. In: International Conference for Women Engineers and Scientists, Adelaide, Australia, 20-22 July 2011.

Zhao, X, Smith, K, Simioni, M, Tao, W, Kentish, S, Fei, W and Stevens, G, 2011. Comparison of several packings for CO2 chemical absorption in a packed column. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 5 (5), pp. 1163-1169.

OTHER PUBLISHED CONFERENCE PAPERS & PROCEEDINGS Bunch, M, Daniel, R, Lawrence, M, Browne, G, Menacherry, S, Dance, T and Arnot, M, 2012. Multi-scale characterisation of the Paaratte Formation, Otway Basin, for CO2 injection and storage. In: APPEA 2012 Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, 13-16 May 2012. Anderson, C, Harkin, T, Mumford, K, Ho, M, Stevens, G and Hooper, B, 2012. Developments in the CO2CRC UNO Mk 3 Process—A MultiComponent Solvent Process for Large Scale Capture. In: Clearwater 2012, Sheraton Sand Key, Clearwater, Florida, USA, 3-7 June 2012. USA. Kentish, S, 2011. The Capture of Carbon Dioxide using Membrane Technology. In: International Conference on Climate change and Carbon dioxide Management: Mitigation, Separation and utilization, Chennai, India, 2-3 Febuary 2012. Anna University. Swierczek, E, Backe, G, Holford, S and Mitchell, A, 2012. 3D seismic analysis of the geometrical characteristics of the Rosedale Fault System, western Gippsland Basin, Victoria. In: APPEA 2012 Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, 13-16 May 2012. APPEA, Canberra, Australia. Gordon, L, Provis, J, Myers, R, Cao, L and van Deventer, J, 2011. Determination of the pore structure of alkali activated aluminosilicate systems exposed to carbon capture solvents. In: 31st Cement and Concrete Science Conference, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, 12-13 September 2011. Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Qader, A and Hooper, B, 2011. CO2CRC capture pilot projects–a project management perspective. In: Chemeca 2011, Hilton, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 18-21 September 2011. Chemeca, Sydney.

68 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

Harkin, T, Hoadley, A and Hooper, B, 2011. Optimisation of the cost / power trade-offs associated with solvent absorption carbon-capture plants. In: JJ Klemes, PS Varbanov, HL Lam, eds. PRES 2011: 14th International Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction, PT 1, Florence, Italy, 8-11 May 2011. AIDIC Servizi SRL, Milano, Italy, pp. 13-18. Chemical Engineering Transactions, Volume 25, DOI: 10.3303/CET1125003. L, Lazaro-Vallejo, Leahy, M, Dance, T and LaForce, T, 2011. New Phase Behaviour Algorithm for Simulation of CO2 Storage. In: SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium 2011, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 21-23 February 2011. SPE, USA, pp. 12. Knowles, G and Chaffee, A, 2011. Stability of SBA15 supported polyethyleneimine as adsorbent for CO2 capture via vacuum swing adsorption. In: American Chemical Society 241st National Meeting and Exposition, Anaheim, USA, 27 February - 3 March. Anderson, C, Smith, K, Qader, A, Endo, K, Ghosh, U, Tao, W, Khan, A, Kentish, S, Stevens, G and Hooper, B, 2011. Demonstrating Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture Using Solvent Technology. In: Chemeca 2010, Hilton Adelaide, South Australia, 26-29 September 2010. South Australia.

s cc s cs cs s cc cs c ccs s c s cc s c cs cc s s c c s c cc cs c ccs cc cs c cc s s c ccs s cc cs c ccs s cc c s cc s c cs cc s c s cc s c cs cc s c s cc s c cs cc s cc s c cs cc s cc s c cs s cc s c cs s cc s c s cc s c s cc s cs s cc c s c

70 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

72 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

74 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.1

0.0

0.1

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.0

Actual

0.0

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.0

Actual

2011-12

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2012-13

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2013-14

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2014-15

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

1.3

0.0

1.3

0.0

Actual

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

0.0

0.8

0.0

0.8

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

-60.0

0.0

-60.0

0.0

160.0

0.0

160.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

%Diff

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.5

0.0

0.5

Actual/ Proj

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

Agr’mt

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

0.0

0.8

0.0

0.8

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

-30.0

0.0

-30.0

0.0

80.0

0.0

80.0

-50.0

0.0

-50.0

%Diff

0.0

0.2

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

TOTAL

1.0

TOTAL

1.0

4.6

0.0

6.6

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

CSIRO

0.0

Support Staff

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

1.0

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia Pty Ltd)

0.0

Support Staff

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

2.1

0.0

1.4

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.3

0.0

4.1

1.1

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.3

Actual

0.2

2010-11 Agr’mt

Actual

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

2009-10

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

9.6

0.0

4.5

4.4

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

2011-12

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2012-13

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2013-14

4.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

3.5

0.0

2.5

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2014-15

3.5

0.0

2.5

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

22.5

0.0

13.2

6.5

2.8

1.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.7

Actual

10.5

0.0

7.0

1.7

1.8

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

12.0

0.0

6.2

4.8

1.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

114.3

0.0

88.6

282.4

55.6

240.0

0.0

200.0

0.0

40.0

0.0

40.0

%Diff

34.4

0.0

21.3

8.4

4.7

2.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

2.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.2

0.0

1.2

Actual/ Proj

22.4

0.0

15.1

3.6

3.7

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

Agr’mt

12.0

0.0

6.2

4.8

1.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

53.6

0.0

41.1

133.3

27.0

120.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

20.0

0.0

20.0

%Diff

76 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

4.5

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

1.9

2.7

4.6

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

Geoscience Australia

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

0.7

0.0

Researcher/Professional

0.2

3.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

1.7

0.0

0.3

1.3

0.1

4.6

2.6

1.9

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.8

3.0

0.2

Actual

Key Researcher/Manager

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

6.8

0.4

3.3

2.9

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.5

0.0

3.2

3.1

0.2

Actual

2011-12

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Agr’mt

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Proj

2012-13

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Agr’mt

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Proj

2013-14

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.3

0.0

0.7

1.5

0.1

Proj

2014-15

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.3

0.0

0.7

1.5

0.1

Agr’mt

16.0

5.7

7.1

2.9

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

15.0

0.0

4.7

9.7

0.6

Actual

1.8

1.0

0.8

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

8.5

0.0

1.7

6.3

0.5

Agr’mt

14.2

4.7

6.3

2.9

0.3

0.0

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

6.5

0.0

3.0

3.4

0.1

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

788.9

470.0

787.5

0.0

-80.0

0.0

-80.0

76.5

0.0

176.5

54.0

20.0

%Diff

17.7

6.7

7.8

2.9

0.3

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.6

0.0

0.6

24.1

0.0

6.8

16.2

1.1

Actual/ Proj

3.5

2.0

1.5

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

17.6

0.0

3.8

12.8

1.0

Agr’mt

14.2

4.7

6.3

2.9

0.3

0.0

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

6.5

0.0

3.0

3.4

0.1

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

405.7

235.0

420.0

0.0

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

36.9

0.0

78.9

26.6

10.0

%Diff

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

6.4

TOTAL

0.0

Support Staff

TOTAL

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology

5.2

0.6

Support Staff

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.3

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Monash University

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.7

0.3

3.0

0.2

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.4

0.4

5.2

0.4

2.1

0.0

1.6

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

0.0

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

INPEX Browse Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.1

0.0

0.1

13.9

0.5

6.5

0.4

4.4

0.0

2.4

2.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

2011-12

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2012-13

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2013-14

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.4

0.5

2.5

0.2

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2014-15

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.4

0.5

2.5

0.2

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

26.7

1.5

16.9

7.2

1.1

7.0

0.0

4.5

2.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

0.5

0.0

0.5

18.3

1.3

15.0

1.0

3.0

0.0

3.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

8.4

0.2

1.9

6.2

0.1

4.0

0.0

1.5

2.0

0.5

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

-60.0

0.0

-60.0

45.9

15.4

12.7

620.0

10.0

133.3

0.0

50.0

0.0

-60.0

0.0

-60.0

%Diff

0.7

0.0

0.7

44.7

3.0

31.4

8.2

2.1

10.5

0.0

8.0

2.0

0.5

0.7

0.0

0.7

Actual/ Proj

1.0

0.0

1.0

36.3

2.8

29.5

2.0

6.5

0.0

6.5

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

Agr’mt

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

8.4

0.2

1.9

6.2

0.1

4.0

0.0

1.5

2.0

0.5

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

-30.0

0.0

-30.0

23.1

7.1

6.4

310.0

5.0

61.5

0.0

23.1

0.0

-30.0

0.0

-30.0

%Diff

78 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

0.0

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

0.1

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

0.7

Support Staff

TOTAL

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.7

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Schlumberger Oilﬁeld Australia Pty Ltd

0.1

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Sasol Petroleum International

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

QER Pty Ltd

0.0

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

Actual

Agr’mt

2010-11

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

2009-10

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

Actual

2011-12

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2012-13

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2013-14

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2014-15

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.0

Actual

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

-0.8

0.0

-0.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

-44.4

0.0

-44.4

20.0

0.0

20.0

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

%Diff

2.7

0.0

2.7

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.8

0.0

0.8

0.3

0.0

0.3

Actual/ Proj

3.5

0.0

3.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

-0.8

0.0

-0.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

-22.9

0.0

-22.9

10.0

0.0

10.0

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

%Diff

0.0

0.6

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

TOTAL

0.1

TOTAL

0.7

0.0

0.7

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

0.0

Support Staff

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.1

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

0.0

Support Staff

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

0.6

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

2011-12

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2012-13

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2013-14

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Proj

2014-15

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

1.7

0.0

1.7

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.9

0.0

0.9

Actual

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

1.2

0.0

1.2

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

0.4

0.0

0.4

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

240.0

0.0

240.0

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

80.0

0.0

80.0

%Diff

2.2

0.0

2.2

0.9

0.0

0.9

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.4

0.0

1.4

Actual/ Proj

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

Agr’mt

1.2

0.0

1.2

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

0.4

0.0

0.4

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

120.0

0.0

120.0

-10.0

0.0

-10.0

-50.0

0.0

-50.0

40.0

0.0

40.0

%Diff

80 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

5.3

1.0

7.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

5.7

0.5

6.7

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.6

0.0

4.3

0.0

4.9

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

University of New South Wales

0.0

0.5

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

University of Melbourne

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Total S.A.

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

2.3

0.0

2.0

0.0

0.3

4.2

0.3

3.5

0.4

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.3

0.5

2.5

0.0

0.3

5.7

0.0

5.1

0.0

0.6

7.6

0.5

6.5

0.6

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

3.6

0.5

2.8

0.0

0.3

Actual

0.7

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

The University of Adelaide

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

13.8

0.0

8.0

5.3

0.5

21.3

0.5

14.0

6.8

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

7.2

1.0

5.0

0.7

0.5

Actual

2011-12

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Proj

2012-13

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Proj

2013-14

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

6.0

0.5

5.0

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.6

0.1

2.0

0.0

0.5

Proj

2014-15

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

6.0

0.5

5.0

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.6

0.1

2.0

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

24.4

0.0

17.4

5.3

1.7

35.6

1.5

26.2

7.9

0.0

0.8

0.0

0.8

17.8

2.5

13.1

0.7

1.5

Actual

11.3

0.0

10.0

0.0

1.3

20.6

1.3

17.5

1.8

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

16.3

2.5

12.5

0.0

1.3

Agr’mt

13.1

0.0

7.4

5.3

0.4

15.0

0.2

8.7

6.1

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

1.5

0.0

0.6

0.7

0.2

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

115.9

0.0

74.0

0.0

30.8

72.8

15.4

49.7

338.9

0.0

60.0

0.0

60.0

9.2

0.0

4.8

0.0

15.4

%Diff

37.9

0.0

29.4

5.3

3.2

58.0

3.0

45.2

9.8

0.0

1.3

0.0

1.3

33.4

4.6

25.1

0.7

3.0

Actual/ Proj

24.8

0.0

22.0

0.0

2.8

43.0

2.8

36.5

3.7

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

31.9

4.6

24.5

0.0

2.8

Agr’mt

13.1

0.0

7.4

5.3

0.4

15.0

0.2

8.7

6.1

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

1.5

0.0

0.6

0.7

0.2

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

52.8

0.0

33.6

0.0

14.3

34.9

7.1

23.8

164.9

0.0

30.0

0.0

30.0

4.7

0.0

2.4

0.0

7.1

%Diff

0.0

TOTAL

0.6

TOTAL

0.2

TOTAL

28.2

4.8

45.5

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.5

1.3

2.6

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Other Participants - Greenhouse 20080026

0.8

5.4

Key Researcher/Manager

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

7.1

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

0.0

Support Staff

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.2

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

0.0

Support Staff

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.6

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

0.0

Support Staff

0.0

Researcher/Professional

0.0

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.2

20.5

1.3

13.5

2.2

3.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

6.0

3.0

1.0

0.0

2.0

45.3

4.0

28.2

5.1

8.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

Actual

Key Researcher/Manager

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

1.2

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

University of Western Australia

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

6.2

0.0

5.6

0.6

87.0

2.4

47.1

31.7

5.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

Actual

2011-12

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Agr’mt

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Proj

2012-13

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Agr’mt

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

40.8

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Proj

2013-14

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

40.8

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

26.7

1.3

18.3

2.7

4.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Proj

2014-15

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

26.7

1.3

18.3

2.7

4.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

Agr’mt

14.8

4.3

1.5

5.6

3.4

177.8

11.2

103.5

42.2

20.9

0.4

0.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

Actual

2.9

1.4

0.5

0.0

1.0

102.5

6.1

68.3

10.8

17.3

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.8

0.0

0.8

0.0

Agr’mt

11.9

2.9

1.0

5.6

2.4

75.3

5.1

35.2

31.4

3.6

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

0.7

0.0

0.7

-0.6

0.0

-0.6

0.0

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

410.3

207.1

200.0

0.0

240.0

73.5

83.6

51.5

290.7

20.8

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

140.0

0.0

140.0

-75.0

0.0

-75.0

0.0

%Diff

17.7

5.6

2.1

5.6

4.4

286.3

17.3

176.6

53.5

38.9

0.9

0.0

0.9

1.7

0.0

1.7

1.4

0.0

1.4

0.0

Actual/ Proj

5.8

2.7

1.1

0.0

2.0

211.0

12.2

141.4

22.1

35.3

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

0.0

2.0

0.0

Agr’mt

11.9

2.9

1.0

5.6

2.4

75.3

5.1

35.2

31.4

3.6

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

0.7

0.0

0.7

-0.6

0.0

-0.6

0.0

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

205.2

107.4

90.9

0.0

120.0

35.7

41.8

24.9

142.1

10.2

-10.0

0.0

-10.0

70.0

0.0

70.0

-30.0

0.0

-30.0

0.0

%Diff

82 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

0.0

0.5

1.3

2.6

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

28.7

6.1

48.1

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

GRAND TOTAL

93.2

2.4

47.1

37.3

6.4

0.0

6.2

0.0

5.6

0.6

42.1

2.9

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

42.1

2.9

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

Proj

42.1

2.9

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

41.8

2.8

27.6

4.3

7.1

0.0

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

Proj

41.8

2.8

27.6

4.3

7.1

0.0

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

27.5

1.7

18.5

2.7

4.6

0.0

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

Proj

2014-15

27.5

1.7

18.5

2.7

4.6

0.0

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

192.6

15.5

105.0

47.8

24.3

0.0

14.8

4.3

1.5

5.6

3.4

Actual

105.4

7.5

68.8

10.8

18.3

0.0

2.9

1.4

0.5

0.0

1.0

Agr’mt

87.2

8.0

36.2

37.0

6.0

0.0

11.9

2.9

1.0

5.6

2.4

Diff

82.7

106.7

52.6

342.6

32.8

0.0

410.3

207.1

200.0

0.0

240.0

%Diff

304.0

22.9

178.7

59.1

43.3

0.0

17.7

5.6

2.1

5.6

4.4

Actual/ Proj

42.2

3.0

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.2

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

2013-14

216.8

14.9

142.5

22.1

37.3

0.0

5.8

2.7

1.1

0.0

2.0

Agr’mt

87.2

8.0

36.2

37.0

6.0

0.0

11.9

2.9

1.0

5.6

2.4

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

Due to signiﬁcant increase in the research activities resulting from ANLEC and BCIA projects, a higher amount of FTEs In-Kind was contributed by the participant organizations.

51.3

7.0

29.2

5.1

10.0

0.0

6.0

3.0

1.0

0.0

2.0

Actual

2012-13

TOTALS TO 2011-12

For 2009-10 ﬁnancial year

21.1

1.6

13.6

2.2

3.7

0.0

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011-12

PROJECTED

For 2011-12 ﬁnancial year

Notes

7.9

5.4

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

TOTAL STAFF IN-KIND (FTE)

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

OTHER IN-KIND RESOURCES

0.8

Actual

Agr’mt

2010-11

ACTUAL

2009-10

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

40.2

53.7

25.4

167.4

16.1

0.0

205.2

107.4

90.9

0.0

120.0

%Diff

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

Schlumberger Oilﬁeld Australia Pty Ltd

INPEX Browse Ltd

Geoscience Australia

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

Sasol Petroleum International

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

QER Pty Ltd

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

CSIRO

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia Pty Ltd)

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd

Monash University

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

Actual

Agr’mt

2010-11

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

2009-10

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

Total Non-Staff In-Kind ($’000s) (per participant)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1B

195

482

171

Actual

2011-12

Agr’mt

Proj

2012-13

Agr’mt

Proj

2013-14

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

Proj

2014-15

Agr’mt

195

482

171

Actual

Agr’mt

195

482

171

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

%Diff

195

482

171

Actual/ Proj

Agr’mt

195

482

171

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

%Diff

84 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

The University of Adelaide

Total S.A.

University of Melbourne

University of New South Wales

University of Western Australia

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS

OTHER NON-STAFF IN-KIND RESOURCES

GRAND TOTAL

2,950

955

1,995

281

488

150

Proj

150

Agr’mt

Proj

150

Agr’mt

Proj

2014-15

150

Agr’mt

2,950

955

1,995

281

488

Actual

375

Agr’mt

2,575

580

1,995

281

488

Diff

687

155

%Diff

2,950

955

1,995

281

488

Actual/ Proj

825

Agr’mt

150

Agr’mt

2013-14

2,125

130

1,995

281

488

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

There was a signiﬁcant amount of Non-Staff In-Kind contributed by the participant organisations due to increase in the research activities resulting from the additional work undertaken.

Actual

2012-13

TOTALS TO 2011-12

For 2009-10 ﬁnancial year

Agr’mt

2011-12

PROJECTED

For 2011-12 ﬁnancial year

Notes

Other Participants - Greenhouse 20080026

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

Actual

Agr’mt

2010-11

ACTUAL

2009-10

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

Total Non-Staff In-Kind ($’000s) (per participant)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1B (CONTINUED)

258

%Diff

125

400

125

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

Geoscience Australia

INPEX Browse Ltd

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

Monash University

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

QER Pty Ltd

Sasol Petroleum International

Schlumberger Oilﬁeld Australia Pty Ltd

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

CSIRO

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

125

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia Pty Ltd)

125

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

110

125

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

125

250

665

250

375

3,395

250

Actual

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

2010-11 Agr’mt

2009-10

250

375

3,250

250

Agr’mt

ACTUAL

Actual

Participants Cash Contributions, Other Firm Cash and CRC Program Funding ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 2

250

831

250

1,000

2,284

250

Actual

2011-12

250

2,250

250

Agr’mt

250

Proj

2012-13

250

Agr’mt

250

Proj

2013-14

250

Agr’mt

PROJECTED

250

Proj

2014-15

250

Agr’mt

625

500

625

430

625

1,496

625

596

1,375

5,804

610

Actual

625

500

625

500

625

5,625

625

Agr’mt

430

996

-29

750

179

-15

Diff

TOTALS TO 2011-12

199

-5

120

-2

%Diff

1,375

1,250

1,375

430

1,375

2,246

1,375

1,346

2,125

6,554

1,360

Actual/ Proj

1,375

1,250

1,375

1,250

1,375

6,375

1,375

Agr’mt

430

996

-29

750

179

-15

Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

-2

-1

%Diff

86 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

101

1,697

4,425

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

The University of Adelaide

Total S.A.

University of Melbourne

University of New South Wales

University of Western Australia

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS’ CASH

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS’ CASH

6,147

11,703 5,300

TOTAL OTHER CASH

TOTAL CASH

4,250

4,539

4,000

539

686

9,270

250

455

250

200

250

4,250

4,000

250

2,000

7,500

250

Agr’mt

4,250

4,000

250

2,000

5,500

250

Proj

4,250

4,000

250

2,000

5,500

250

Agr’mt

4,000

1,875

5,500

250

Proj

2013-14

4,000

1,875

5,500

250

Agr’mt

1,250

5,500

250

Proj

2014-15

10,550

500

4,375

18,500

625

Agr’mt

5,270

-414

5,410

-26

2,577

-62

400

-24

Diff

1,054

-10

-4

412

-10

-4

%Diff

18,550

750

9,500

35,000

1,375

Agr’mt

5,270

-414

5,410

-26

2,577

-62

400

-24

Diff

703

-4

-2

187

-5

-2

%Diff

Other Firm Cash includes cash carried forward fro CO2CRC Management Pty Ltd

74,066 63,800 10,266 16

24,570 19,300 5,270

18,550

6,020

9,086

40,410

1,349

3,952

1,313

400

1,351

1,375

Actual/ Proj

For 2009-10 ﬁnancial year

44,191 33,925 10,266 30

16,320 11,050 5,270

10,550

5,770

3,961

23,910

599

3,202

563

400

601

625

Actual

Other Firm Cash $1,634k includes: Interest 304, CO2Tech 29, CCS Summer Schools 65, Symposium 45, National CCS Week 357, Lease contribution 8, GHGT10 20, Otway Tours 3, VISA cash rebate 4, CO2Tech net 799 consultancy. Other Participants $2,144k includes: PIRSA 50, Global CCS Institute 250, KIGAM 250, BP Alternative Energy 257, Lawrence Berkley 856, Loy Yang Power 481

6,750

1,250

5,500

250

Agr’mt

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

For 2010-11 ﬁnancial year

17,993 14,875 14,495 13,750 11,750 11,750 11,375 11,375 6,750

5,634

4,000

250

2,000

8,625

250

Actual

2012-13

TOTALS TO 2011-12

In addition to the annual contribution by the essential participants, ANLEC and BCIA contributed a signiﬁcant amount of money to fund the additional research work. Other Cash $539K includes: Interest $262K, CCS School $23K, Symposium $69K, CCS Conference $100K, CO2TECH $53K Lease $18K and sundry Income $14K

2,550

4,000

1,634

2,144

10,215

250

1,050

250

200

250

Agr’mt

2011-12

PROJECTED

For 2011-12 ﬁnancial year

Notes

2,550

3,597

CRC Program Funding

375

2,375

125

Other Cash Resources

OTHER CASH

1,131

Other Participants - Greenhouse 20080026

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

125

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

Actual

Agr’mt

2010-11

ACTUAL

2009-10

Participants Cash Contributions, Other Firm Cash and CRC Program Funding ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)

14,621 5,300

TOTAL EXPENSES

2,175

3,677

578

5,009

10,359

2,250

800

1,690

9,010

Agr’mt

500

1,050

1,190

9,010

Proj

500

1,050

1,190

9,010

Agr’mt

500

1,075

1,700

8,100

Proj

500

1,075

1,700

8,100

Agr’mt

PROJECTED 2013-14

250

300

1,105

5,095

Proj

2014-15

4,625

5,398

4,992

18,910

Agr’mt

4,956

3,965

6,854

3,828

Diff

107

137

%Diff

53,528 33,925 19,603 58

9,581

9,363

11,846

22,738

Actual

6,750

250

300

1,105

5,095

Agr’mt

TOTALS TO 2011-12

Due to the increased level of research work and the nature of the activities, the expenditure under the various categories was higher than projection.

19,284 14,875 19,623 13,750 11,750 11,750 11,375 11,375 6,750

1,599

4,468

1,832

6,400

Actual

2012-13

For 2009-10 ﬁnancial year

200

4,247

4,989

8,449

Agr’mt

2011-12

For 2011-12 ﬁnancial year

Notes

4,305

Other Expenses

1,470 130

1,848

4,538

Capital

3,500

Supplier Expenses

3,930

Actual

Agr’mt

Actual

ACTUAL 2010-11

2009-10

Employee Expenses

Expenses (Accrual) ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 3

5,875

7,823

8,987

41,115

Agr’mt

76 51 84

6,854

4,956

3,828

3,965

%Diff

Diff

83,403 63,800 19,603 31

10,831

11,788

15,841

44,943

Actual/ Proj

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

88 CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2011/2012

ccs s ccs s s cc s cc s cc cc s cc s s c c c s c ccs c ccs c cs ccs ccs cs ccs

ANNUAL REPORT

WWW.CO2CRC.COM.AU

RESEARCHING CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

CORE RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

INDUSTRY & GOVERNMENT PARTICIPANTS

SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS

CanSyd Australia Charles Darwin University Government of South Australia Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Process Group The Global CCS Institute University of Queensland