CO2CRC annual report 2012 2013 by Roslyn Paonin

COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GREENHOUSE GAS TECHNOLOGIES

ANNUAL REPORT 12/13

CO2CRC participants

Core Research Participants

Industry & Government Participants

Supporting Participants

CSIRO Curtin University Geoscience Australia GNS Science Monash University Simon Fraser University University of Adelaide University of Melbourne University of New South Wales University of Western Australia

ANLEC R&D BG Group BHP Billiton BP Developments Australia Brown Coal Innovation Australia Chevron Dept. of Primary Industries - Victoria Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment INPEX KIGAM NSW Government Dept. Trade & Investment Rio Tinto SASOL Shell Total Western Australia Dept. of Mines and Petroleum Glencore Xstrata

CanSyd Australia Charles Darwin University Government of South Australia Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Process Group The Global CCS Institute University of Queensland

WWW.CO2CRC.COM.AU

Contents Chairman’s report

Chief Executive’s report

Global Context for CO2CRC’s work

Key staff appointments

Partners 7 Risks and impediments

End-user Environment

Impacts 8 Governance and Management

Participants 18 Financial Management

Intellectual Property Management 21 Performance against Activities

Research

SME Engagement

Collaboration 48 Other activities

End-user involvement and CRC impact on end-users

Glossary of Terms

Publications 54 fINANCIAL INFORMATION

The vision for CO2CRC is to develop cost-effective transitional technologies that will help Australia to decrease CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from major stationary CO2 sources, whilst continuing to derive benefit from its abundant fossil fuels and existing industrial base.

our vision

To contribute to the resolution of a significant global environment problem through participation in international programs such as the Climate Action Partnership.

our mission

To offer excellence in greenhouse gas technologies education and training.

To enable Australia to decrease its CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, maintain the competitiveness of its industries and exports and develop new commercial (including hydrogen-based) opportunities.

To undertake outstanding research into new co2 sequestration technologies, to demonstrate that co2 capture and storage is economically and environmentally sustainable.

CO2CRC is conducting innovative, world class research that offers value to its members and a collaborative approach to the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through CCS

Foremost among CO2CRC’s achievements have been:

›› The demonstration of CO

injection, 2 storage and monitoring in a disused gas field;

Chairman’s report CO2CRC is at a crossroads. Beyond the end of 2014 we are no longer eligible for funding under the Commonwealth’s CRC program. CO2CRC will only continue if there is sufficient support from corporate and government members. The focus of the Board and management has been to build the case for ongoing CCS research and to seek continuing support from members. It is disappointing that six members have withdrawn over the last year and a number of others have indicated that they will not continue to be a member beyond the end of the current program (30 June 2015). I think it fair to say that CO2CRC has built an enviable record as a world leading CCS research organisation. This has been attested to by a recent independent review panel of five national and international experts. The panel concluded that ‘CO2CRC is conducting innovative, world class research that offers value to its members and a collaborative approach to the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through CCS’. This is hardly surprising as the research program is determined by members, reflects their priorities and has consistently been delivered on time and on budget while meeting all agreed research objectives.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

›› Testing and verifying storage through residual trapping of CO2; and

›› Exploring the possibilities for driving down the costs of CO2 capture through absorbent, membrane, adsorbent and heat integration technologies.

For the future, there is more highly relevant research to be done, including:

›› Stage 2C of the Otway Project,

which will investigate the way plumes behave in saline aquifers, the most likely means of storing future commercial scale quantities of CO2; and

›› Under the Commonwealth’s

Education Investment Fund, CO2CRC will be a lead research organisation (in partnership with others), drawing on some $52 million to investigate a range of issues such as submarine monitoring and verification, and low cost, low impact, high resolution subsurface imaging.

are concerned. This seems to reflect a range of considerations, some particular to the circumstances of individual members. However, there seems to be a couple of underlying factors. There does not seem to be the same degree of urgency or priority, either at the corporate or community level, as there was three, five, or ten years ago to address climate change issues, especially if that involves incurring higher costs. Also, at this juncture, a number of companies are feeling considerable pressure on their “bottom line”, and that has become their main priority - their core focus. These pressures are real. Yet the Board believes that the case for a strong, focussed CCS research effort is (or should be) overwhelming in view of Australia’s resource endowments, energy use profile and greenhouse gas mitigation requirements. The Board has, and will continue to put a “value proposition” to members and governments seeking their continued support. Finally, I would like to pay tribute to three long standing Directors who stepped aside during the year: Mal Lees (Rio Tinto), Malcolm Garrett (BP), and Barry Isherwood (Xstrata). Their contribution to CO2CRC getting off the ground and to its continuing success was tremendous. Their experience and sage advice through the Board and its Committees are sorely missed.

Continued research in areas such as these should be highly relevant to corporate members. It is also unquestionably strategically important for Australia. High quality CCS research will also undoubtedly be an important factor in giving the public, regulators and governments confidence in the efficacy of the technology. Yet, as signalled above, the strong interest in participating in such research has ebbed as far as some members

David Borthwick, AO, PSM Chairman

Chief Executive’s report Over the last year CO2CRC has not only put a significant effort into its research programs in capture, economics and storage but has also been planning for the future. On the research front there have been significant insights developed from the analysis of the Otway Project Stage 2B data. Practical operation of these projects is complex and involves a lot of learning. However, as with all of our large projects in both capture and storage, the analysis and interpretation of the data is where real insight and value is created. Some of the emerging scientific insights were shared at GHGT11 in Kyoto in November last year and also at our Symposium; formal journal papers are now in production. I am also delighted to see that we have a team of German scientists working with us at the Otway Project in a €1 million project to further develop shallow seismic survey techniques for the definition and downward interpolation of faults and other structures that can be highly relevant to CCS. The Otway Project monitoring program also continued with soil gas and groundwater surveys and ongoing atmospheric monitoring. CO2CRC has also continued to develop the science of MMV at the Ginninderra site outside Canberra. In capture, the trials associated with the $4.2 million project to further develop the UNO MK 3 capture system at the GDF Suez Hazelwood plant have been going well. The plant was commissioned in late 2012 and has just finished campaign three, investigating promoters that enhance the rate of reaction of the solvent with CO2 and make capture more efficient. When concluded this industrial scale testing at Hazelwood will provide an important proof of concept for what is an emerging low cost environmentally benign capture system.

Looking forward and planning for CO2CRC in the period 2015-2020 resulted in a high level strategy document ’Advancing Science and Engineering for CCS Deployment’ in April 2013. This is the basis of our proposal for funding to members and governments. A central part of the plan has been the future of the Otway Project site and particularly Stage 2C which seeks to closely monitor a CO2 plume moving and stabilising in a horizontally unconstrained saline aquifer. After a significant amount of technical planning and peer review the project is virtually ready to start. Two investment decisions are planned; the first decision in March 2014, preparing for the geophysical equipment to be installed, and the second to confirm full injection, to be taken in November 2014. I would like to thank all those who have taken part in the design and planning for this project, including experts from our industry and academic partners. Our capture and storage teams are both in the process of developing highly focused research programs for the future, in what is likely to be a tighter budget environment. A big boost to our future was signing the agreement with the Commonwealth Government in July 2013 for $51.6 from the Education Infrastructure Fund (EIF) for research assets at the Otway Project and for laboratories and equipment for some of our partner research organisations. The research these assets will be used for is primarily designed to assist the development of technology for the large scale deployment of CCS in Australia, particularly working with the CarbonNet Project.

Monitoring, measurement and verification (MMV) of stored CO2 continues to progress well. Low cost continuous high resolution subsurface monitoring is being refined around the world and the Otway Project will contribute to the knowledge in this space. An important new front for Australia is the offshore environment because much of the storage capacity is offshore. Developing MMV technologies and strategies for storage in offshore environments is an important forward direction for CO2CRC.

Dr Richard Aldous Chief Executive

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

The focus of technology development now is on driving down costs and securing more efficient operational, monitoring and regulatory outcomes

Global Context for CO2CRCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work Globally CCS deployment and technology development continues to progress, albeit somewhat slowly. The two coal-fired power stations coming into operation in North America (Kemper County and Boundary Dam) are an important signal to policymakers concerning the technical viability of applying CCS to coal. When it comes to CCS technology it is clear that at a high level there are no major technology gaps or impediments to CCS; the technology is available and can be effectively deployed. The focus of technology development now is on driving down costs and securing more efficient operational, monitoring and regulatory outcomes. The technology development is by no means over; current commercially available capture technologies will evolve by building more projects. For the next generation of capture technologies, that promise much lower costs, more attention is needed. Investment in the early stages of development has been significant with a number of promising emerging technologies. However with little or no market for CCS (eg CO2 price

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

or emissions reduction mandate) the market pull for this next crop of technologies is weak. Getting next generation lower cost technologies into large scale pilots and demonstration is important and requires governments to act to ensure that much lower costs of capture are available for deployment by 2030 and beyond. For a nation with a relatively small population, Australia is still making a valuable contribution to the global knowledge base in both capture and storage. Most importantly, by being at the front of what is happening in the technology and engaging in global collaboration projects in a meaningful way, Australia is also growing its own capability to deploy CCS and to operate under local conditions. CO2CRC has also been involved in education and training, particularly for developing countries where we have assisted with university training courses. CO2CRC has also continued to provide access to our expertise around the world through the consulting work we do through CO2TECH.

It has been encouraging to see a number of studies indicating that without CCS the cost of meeting 2050 targets will be much higher. However deployment of CCS is as much about deployment dynamics as it is about technology. A significant issue is that lead times from initiating exploration through to approvals and construction will often be 10 -15 years. The rate at which exploration is incentivised to begin will have a profound impact on the degree to which CCS can contribute to reaching 2050 global reduction targets. This will increase the ability to deploy CCS more rapidly and will in turn affect the rate of technology improvement.

Partners

Key staff appointments In the reporting period the position of Dr Julie-Anne White, who had been appointed in May 2012 as General Manager Business Development, was terminated. This newly created position had to be dissolved due to the reduced funding situation caused by the withdrawal of a number of members.

CO2CRC participants now total twenty five ‘Essential’ and eight ‘Other’ members. Despite the withdrawal of four members, CO2CRC continues to have a diverse support base with the CRC grant comprising approximately 19 per cent of the funding base. The remaining cash and in-kind is from members and from competitive grant processes. CO2CRC is one of the top contributors to international CCS R&D. Over the past twelve months the organisation has continued direct involvement in international CCS through the IEAGHG program, the CSLF, the Global CCS Institute and directly with CCS projects in North America and Europe. CO2CRC Australian research and demonstration activities attracted leading overseas researchers from many countries, particularly our partners from Korea. CO2CRC has continued to strengthen links with the Global CCS Institute.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

The lack of coherence on climate change action has seen public and political attention moving away from major climate mitigation activities

Risks and impediments CO2CRC is playing an active and vital part in keeping CCS as an option for efficient low cost carbon reduction. The lack of coherence on climate change action has seen public and political attention moving away from major climate mitigation activities. Some recent withdrawals from CO2CRC have reflected this trend. There is clearly a risk that, with CRC funding concluding in December 2014 and with little or no commercial incentives to further develop and maintain a technical capability in CCS, the scientific and engineering base that has been built up over the last 10 years will dissipate. Confidentiality of data and reporting is another risk for CO2CRC. There are strict protocols in place which researchers are required to observe and these are updated as necessary from time to time to ensure maximum compliance. A secondary risk which has been managed very effectively over the past eight years is the potential for a conflict of interest between an end user executive who also serves on the board of CO2CRC or CO2TECH. Declarations have to be made at Board meetings and any potentially conflicted board member is required to abstain from any decision making on matters which have been declared, in accordance with the approved document “Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality Management Procedures”.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Understanding the community around the Otway Project and how it feels about the project is very important. Research in this area has helped finetune Otway Project communications to be more relevant and inclusive, and to make sure people are informed of research activities and continue to be supportive. More broadly it is the activities at the project site that provide a basis for assuring the community that monitoring of CO2 is effective and that an appropriate regulatory regime can be put in place.

End-user Environment The two large Australian CCS Flagship projects are potential end-users of CO2CRC’s scientific and technical capability. As these projects gain momentum, good working relationships have been established with the Flagship development teams. CO2CRC is working with both these groups to establish, define and meet research and technical support needs.

Impacts CO2CRC is on track to achieve its intended monetary and non monetary impacts and, based on present trends, is likely to exceed its financial targets. Deliverables are all achievable within the time frame of the Centre.

A Board of Directors comprising nine directors:

›› Three directors are appointed by the

Governance and Management Governance–Board, Committees and Key Staff CO2CRC Limited is a not-for-profit public company limited by Guarantee, through which the business of the Centre is managed. CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd is the commercial vehicle of CO2CRC, through which the intellectual property and consulting activities are managed.

The corporate and management structure of CO2CRC

Council (CO2CRC Members)

›› One director is appointed by

each of the four Sectors (Coal & Power; Government; Oil & Gas and Research)

The CO2CRC Governing Structure

›› A non-executive independent director as Chairman

The key features of CO2CRC governance arrangements are:

›› Chief Executive

A Governing Council comprising a representative of all contributing participants. The Council meets at the Annual General Meeting at end of November, at which time the Board reports to the members on the performance of the organisation.

COUNCIL

CHAIRS Clinton Foster

FINANCE & RISK AUDIT COMMITTEE

CO2CRC LTD

David Borthwick

APPOINTMENTS & REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

David Borthwick

Mal Lees

OPERATIONS COMMITTEE

BOARD

Malcolm Garratt

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHIEF EXECUTIVE

CHAIR

The primary role of the board is the protection and enhancement of CO2CRC by formulating its strategic direction, establishing and monitoring the achievement of management’s goals and ensuring the integrity of internal control and management information systems, taking into account any recommendations made to it by the Council.

CO2CRC TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTD

BOARD CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Richard Aldous

PROGRAM 1 MANAGER

PROGRAM 2 MANAGER

STORAGE FACILITIES

CAPTURE FACILITIES

STORAGE PROJECTS

CAPTURE PROJECTS

Matthais Raab

Dianne Wiley

PROGRAM 3 MANAGER

BUSINESS MANAGER

Julie-Anne White

Carole Peacock

INTEGRATED PROJECTS

CORPORATE

CHIEF SCIENTIST John Kaldi

CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST Barry Hooper

COMMERCIAL MANAGER David Hilditch

TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALISATION

CONSULTING PROJECTS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

The primary role of the board is the protection and enhancement of CO2CRC by formulating its strategic direction

The composition of the board is set out in section 23 of the Constitution. This provides that each year, half of the directors, not including the CEO or Chairman, must retire from office or stand for re-election. Following elections by ballot the following directors were declared elected, effective from the Annual General Meeting (AGM) on 27 November, 2012; Jon Davis—nominated by the Coal and Power Sector Alex Malahoff—nominated by the Research Sector Reinoud Blok and Greg Lewin— nominated by the Council At the AGM the Chairman thanked the retiring directors. Special thanks was made to Mal Lees who had helped form and subsequently chair CO2CRC Pilot Project Limited (CPPL), the company specially formed in 2005 to manage the Otway Project.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Likewise Barry Isherwood had been a founding director of CPPL, through its transition to CO2CRC Ltd. In his time as CO2CRC Ltd director he had also served on the Appointments and Remuneration Committee, providing advice on key executive positions. Malcolm Garratt had served as director since July 2007. During this time he had helped to review, restructure and significantly improve the Program Advisory Committee, and had assisted on the Appointments and Remuneration Committee also providing advice on key executive positions. While Graham Davies’ time on the Board had been short, his contribution to the Board had been appreciated.

Directors The following are the names and details of the company’s directors in office at any time since 1 July 2012 and until the date of this report: Name and qualification

Experience and special responsibilities

David Borthwick AO, PSM

Chairman since 2009. An economist by training, his career focus has been on a wide range of industry economic issues, as well as macroeconomic and international economic matters.

BEcon (Hons) Chairman

Previous appointments have been in the Australian Public Service including heading the then Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and Deputy positions in the Departments of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Health and the Treasury. He was also Australia’s Ambassador to the OECD. Chairman, Appointments and Remuneration Committee and Chairman, Operations Committee.

Richard Aldous BSc (Hons), PhD Director and Chief Executive

CE since August, 2011. A PhD in economic geology and experience in explorationgeoscience, chemical engineering, R&D portfolio management, business development, government policy and corporate planning. A career involving resource development, technology research and executive management in both industry and government. Previous appointments have been with a number of international resource companies including BHP, Newcrest, Iluka and WMC. Previously Chairman of the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite and Director of CO2CRC.

Christopher Don Baker BSc (Hons), MBA Director

Extensive experience in the areas of energy, resources, corporate strategy and government relations. Expertise in climate change including emissions trading and carbon capture and storage. Managing Director of Saunders Unsworth Ltd, a Wellington (NZ) based consultancy specialising in management of public policy and previously GM of Todd Energy, principally mining coal and gold. Other directorships include chairman of the Coal Association of New Zealand; the Brisbane based mineral exploration company Auzex Resources Ltd; Straterra, which provides high level representation for the resource sector in NZ; and Executive Chairman of the NZCCS Partnership, a partnership of government and industry established to progress CCS in NZ. Chair, Program Advisory Committee (Capture).

Reinoud Blok Director—appointed 27/11/2012

Over 20 years experience in the oil & gas industry in a broad range of technical, commercial and financial management positions in Shell International and Woodside. Over the past five years Reinoud has focused on strategic management of greenhouse gas obligations for large emitters. He was deeply involved in development of carbon legislation in Australia and has expertise in defining carbon management strategies for oil & gas companies, finding the optimum balance between cost and risk to their business. Currently General Manager, Greenhouse Gas with INPEX Australia, where he is responsible for the greenhouse gas management strategy for the Ichthys LNG Project and shaping the global carbon strategy of INPEX Corporation. Reinoud is a member of the National Carbon Capture and Storage Council, the peak government advisory body for Carbon Capture and Storage development in Australia. Since 2008 he has held positions on the Council of CO2CRC and became an independent director on the Operations Committee in 2010. Director, Operations Committee.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Name and qualification

Experience and special responsibilities

Jon Davis

Chief Advisor, Energy and Climate Technology with Rio Tinto Energy, in which capacity he monitors the techno-economics and deployment issues of a wide range of energy technologies, and contributes to internal studies, project reviews and white papers.

BSc (Hons), PhD Director—appointed 27/11/2012

Clinton Bruce Foster BSc (Hons), PhD Director

Extensive involvement in a range of coal-based CCS projects in both Australia and overseas. Inaugural MD of the Australian National Low Emission Coal R&D institute (ANLEC) where he continues as director. Chief Scientist of Geoscience Australia (GA). From 2004-2011, Chief of the Petroleum and Marine (GA), and previously Group Leader Petroleum and Senior Principal Research Scientist with the Bureau of Mineral Resources (forerunner of GA). He is a Vice Chair of the Technical Group of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum: formerly Co-Chair of the Chief Government Geologists Geosequestration Working Group and member of the Carbon Storage Taskforce; and Adjunct Professor, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia. Previous appointments include Senior Supervising Geologist with Western Mining Corporation Exploration Division (Petroleum) and research palynologist with the Geological Survey of Queensland. Chairman, Finance and Risk Audit Committee, Chairman, Program Advisory Committee.

Greg has extensive international business experience and many key industry relationships developed during a distinguished 35 year career with Royal Dutch Shell, culminating in BE (Chem), MBA, FREng, FIChemE, the position of President Shell Global Solutions International. FIEAust. He is a member of the Order of Australia, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Director—appointed 27/11/2012 a past President of the Institute of Chemical Engineers, and is the current President of the World Chemical Engineering Council. Greg Lewin AM

Alexander (Alex) Malahoff BSc, MSc (Hons), PhD,DSc (Hon) Director—appointed 27/11/2012

Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii, PhD in Geophysics 2002 – 2013, Chief Executive Officer GNS Science, New Zealand 1984 – 2008, GNS Board Director. Professor of Oceanography, Chairman Department of Ocean Engineering, Chairman Faculty Senate University of Hawaii. President University of Hawaii Professional Assembly, Director of Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL), Director Marine Bio Engineering Centre at the University of Hawaii. 1971–1984 Director Marine Geology and Geophysics, Office of Naval Research, U.S. Department of Defense. Chief Scientist National Ocean Survey, NOAA, Department of Commerce, USA. Appointment By President Carter as Charter member of the Senior Executive Service of the USA in 1979. U.S. Coordinator for the US-USSR agreement in the Oceans. Extensive experience and leadership in government administration, research fundraising, research projects and execution of exploration expeditions. Fellow of the Institute of Professional Engineers of New Zealand, Geological Society of America, Marine Technology Society and Elected Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Director, Appointments and Remuneration Committee; Director, Finance and Risk Audit Committee.

Anne Valerie Jeanmarie Morillon BSc Biochemistry, MSc (Hons) EnviScience Director

Director since December 2011. Extensive experience as an environmental expert in the Oil and Gas industry. In charge of the environmental aspects of international exploration and production projects, R&D project management, carbon emissions management and renewable energy. Previous appointment was Head of Environmental Department in TOTAL Gas and Power. Since 2007, she has worked as CO2 management consultant/ Australian correspondent for TOTAL SA. Director, Appointments and Remuneration Committee.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Name and qualification

Experience and special responsibilities

Graham Davies

Dean of Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney. Until April 2008 he was the Sir James Timmins Chance Professor of Engineering at the University of Birmingham and executive head of the School of Engineering.

PhD, DSc, FREng, FInstP, FIET, FIOMMM, FIEAust Director—resigned 27/11/2012

Has led a large group investigating optoelectronic materials and devices before being appointed in 1994 as director in charge of British Telecom’s Corporate Research, with responsibility for technology acquisition. His other directorships include the Advanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre (AMCRC), AMCRC Pty Limited, Innovativity Pty Limited, and New South Innovations Pty Limited. He is Chair of the Go8 Deans of Engineering and Chair of Mining Education Australia.

Extensive experience as an international oil and gas industry executive and has held senior technical and commercial management roles with BP and BHP Billiton. This BSc (Hons), PhD, C.Eng (Chartered has included research in coal conversion (gasification) technology, refinery operations Engineer) management, technical, strategic and commercial planning and UK Continental Shelf exploration and development activities. His management experience has also included Director—resigned 27/11/2012 joint venture and project management in offshore gas developments and corporate and external affairs in the exploration and production sector in Australia and internationally. Most recently he was Vice President of External Affairs at BHPB. Chairman, Program Advisory Committee, Director Operations Committee. Malcolm John Garratt

Barry Robert Isherwood BSc Chemistry Director—resigned 3/10/2012

Malcolm John Lees BSc (Hons), MSc PhD Director—resigned 27/11/2012

Group Coal Technology Manager for Xstrata Coal with responsibility for lower emissions and clean coal technologies. His other directorships include the Callide OxyFuel Project, and the former CO2CRC (Mark 1), CO2CRC Pilot Projects and CCSD (Black Coal CRC). He is also involved in numerous industry groups and advisory boards such as ACALET, ACARP, WCA, IEA, GCCSI, Newcastle University’s PRCfE and NIER and Macquarie University’s Science Advisory Board, and in the FutureGen OxyFuel Project (USA). In addition, he chairs the Standards Australia and ISO Committees on Coal and Coke. He has 40 years experience in the coal industry. More than 35 years experience in the mining industry in Australia and Papua New Guinea with extensive experience in the copper and coal sectors particularly in areas of operations management, feasibility studies and project development and construction and management of technical services. He was the inaugural chairman of CO2CRC Pilot Project Ltd (2005-2010) and took a lead role in the establishment of the company.

COMPANY SECRETARY Carole Peacock, BHA, MBA, GradDipCSP, FCIS, GAICD was appointed to the position of company secretary in October 2005. Ms Peacock is also business manager and has previously held similar positions with a number of public and private sector organisations both nationally and internationally.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

To assist in the execution of its responsibilities, the Board has established a number of board committees

Meetings of directors The board currently holds four scheduled meetings each year plus any extraordinary meetings at such other times as may be necessary to address any specific significant matters that may arise. The number of meetings of directors (including meetings of committees) held during the period and the number of meetings attended by each director is as follows: Board Meetings

Finance & Risk Audit Committee

Appointments & Remuneration Committee

Operations Committee

Program Advisory Committee

D Borthwick

R Aldous

C D Baker

*R Blok

**G J Davies

*J J Davis

C B Foster

**M J Garratt

**B R Isherwood

**M J Lees

*G Lewin

*A Malahoff

AVJ Morillon

Number of meetings held: Number of meetings attended:

* Directors who were appointed at the Annual General Meeting on 27/11/2012 **Directors who resigned at the Annual General Meeting on 27/11/2012

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

As at the date of this report, the following non â&#x20AC;&#x201C;directors were also members of the following committees: Finance & Risk Audit Committee Number of meetings held:

Number of meetings attended: M Halliday

T Mason

*Non-Directors Matthew Halliday is Chief Financial Officer, Rio Tinto Coal Australia. Tony Mason is General Manager, Finance and Commercial, Glencore Xstrata.

Committees of the board To assist in the execution of its responsibilities, the Board has established a number of board committees including Appointments and Remuneration Committee; Finance and Risk Audit Committee; Operations Committee, and the Program Advisory Committee. These Committees have written mandates and operating procedures.

Finance and Risk Audit Committee The Finance and Audit Committee assists the Board to discharge its responsibilities relating to accounting and reporting practices and to strengthen the systems of internal controls, risk management and compliance. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required.

Committee Members Committee Name

Finance and Risk Audit Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

Clinton Foster

Chairman

Management and Audit Committee experience

Division Chief, Geoscience Australia

Matthew Halliday

Independent Finance and Risk Member management

Chief Finance Officer, Rio Tinto

Alex Malahoff

Director

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd.

Tony Mason

Independent Finance and Risk Member management

Management, Finance and Risk management

General Manager, Finance Xstrata Coal

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

Appointments and Remuneration Committee Members

Committee Name

Appointments and Remuneration Committee

The Appointments and Remuneration committee advises the Board as an efficient mechanism for examination of the selection and appointment practices and the appropriate remuneration policies of the company. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required.

Name

Role

Key skills

David Borthwick

Chairman

Extensive management Independent experience

Operations Committee Members The Operations Committee provides advice to the Board on matters relating to major field operational activities in CO2 capture or storage that may have significant health, safety, environmental, regulatory or financial implications to CO2CRC and its current or future operations. The Committee meets as often as required.

Alex Malahoff

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd.

Anne Morillon

Director

Extensive management TOTAL experience

Richard Aldous

CEO

Extensive management CO2CRC experience

Committee Name

Operations Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

David Borthwick

Chairman

Extensive operations management experience

CO2CRC

Christopher Don Baker

Director

Extensive operations management experience

NZ Ministry for Science and Innovation

Reinoud Blok

Director

Extensive operations management experience

INPEX Browse

Sandeep Sharma

Independent Member

Extensive operations management experience

Council Member

Extensive operations management experience

Noel Simento

Independent/ Organisation

Consultant

ANLEC R&D

Program Advisory Committee Members The Program Advisory Committee was established by the Board to review the research activities of the Centre, on future program priorities and advise the Board to ensure that the research, development and other activities are relevant to the needs of End-users as stated in the Participants Agreement s.16.2. The Committee meets twice a year and more often as required.

Committee Name

Program Advisory Committee

Name

Role

Key skills

Independent/ Organisation

Clinton Foster

Chairman and

Extensive operations experience

Division Chief, Geoscience Australia

Extensive CCS experience

NZ Ministry for Science and Innovation

Storage Program Chairman Christopher Don Baker Capture Program Chairman

Key Staff Name

Organisation

CRC Position / Role

Time committed

Richard Aldous

CO2CRC

CEO

100%

Carole Peacock

CO2CRC

Business Manager & Company Secretary

100%

Matthias Raab

CO2CRC

Program 1 Manager

100%

Dianne Wiley

University of NSW

Program 2 Manager

80%

Julie Anne White

CO2CRC

Program 3 Manager & General Manager, Business Development

100%

David Hilditch

CO2CRC

Commercial Manager

100%

John Kaldi

University of Adelaide

Chief Scientist

80%

Barry Hooper

CO2CRC

Chief Technologist

80%

Tony Steeper

CO2CRC

Communications & Media Adviser

100%

Resigned 30/6/2013

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

Participants The Commonwealth Agreement was formally amended in August 2013 for the withdrawal of six members (Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd, QER Pty Ltd, Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation, Schlumberger, Solid Energy and Stanwell Corporation Limited). This reduced the membership of CO2CRC from 31 to 25 core members and eight supporting participants.

It is extremely disappointing when a member withdraws mid-funding term but fortunately the additional support provided through other members such as Rio Tinto sponsorship allows the program of work in CO2CRC to continue.

Essential and Supporting Participants Participantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Name

Participant Type

ABN/ACN

Organisation Type

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Essential

687 119 230

Research

Curtin University

Essential

143 842 569

Research

Geoscience Australia

Essential

091 799 039

Research

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited

Essential

International

Research

Monash University

Essential

377 614 012

Research

The University of Melbourne

Essential

002 705 224

Research

The University of Adelaide

Essential

249 878 937

Research

The University of New South Wales

Essential

195 873 179

Research

The University of Western Australia

Essential

882 817 280

Research

New South Wales Trade and Investment

Essential

189 919 072

Government

Victorian Department of State Development, Business and Innovation

Essential

579 412 233

Government

Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum Essential

410 335 356

Government

New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)

Essential

International

Government

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

Essential

135 762 533

Industry

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Limited

Essential

006 918 832

Industry

BP Developments Australia Pty Limited

Essential

081 102 856

Industry

BG International (Aus) Pty Ltd

Essential

International

Industry

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

Participant’s Name

Participant Type

ABN/ACN

Organisation Type

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Ltd

Essential

141 273 261

Industry

Chevron Australia Pty Limited

Essential

086 197 757

Industry

INPEX Browse Ltd

Essential

084 450 260

Industry

Sasol Petroleum International (Pty)

Essential

International

Industry

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Essential

009 663 576

Industry

Technological Resources Pty Limited

Essential

002 183 557

Industry

Total Gas & Power Ventures SAS

Essential

International

Industry

Xstrata Coal Pty Limited

Essential

082 271 930

Industry

Supporting Participants 1

CanSyd Pty Ltd

Supporting

N/A

Industry - SME

Charles Darwin University

Supporting

N/A

Research

Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute

Supporting

N/A

Research

Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources Supporting

N/A

Research

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Supporting

N/A

Research

Process Group Pty Ltd

Supporting

N/A

Industry-SME

Simon Fraser University

Supporting

N/A

Research

University of Queensland

Supporting

N/A

Research

Changes to Participants Participant’s name

Retiring, withdrawing or new

Departmental approval yes/no

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

Withdrawn

Yes

QER Pty Ltd

Withdrawn

Yes

Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation

Withdrawn

Yes

Stanwell Corporation Limited

Withdrawn

Yes

Schlumberger Oilfield Australia Pty Ltd

Withdrawn

Yes

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

Withdrawn

Yes

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

In the 2010-2015 funding agreement, CO2CRC has attracted an additional $8.5 million in additional cash funding

Financial Management

Total cash—cumulative 2009–2015

In the 2010-2015 funding term, CO2CRC has attracted $8.5 million in additional cash funding. Unfortunately this has been impacted on by the withdrawal of a further four members. The Centre continues to express its disappointment at the withdrawal of members, not least because of the financial impact which is a total reduction of member contributions of $4.5 million. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that cash income will exceed that committed in the 2010 Commonwealth Agreement by 7 per cent.

$70,000

$80,000

$60,000

$,000s

$50,000

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Agreement

$40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $1-

Actual

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Intellectual Property Management Intellectual property (IP) management strategies have been developed by CO2CRC to satisfy the National Principles of IP Management for Publicly Funded Research as follows:

Overview Provision has been made in the CO2CRC Commercialisation Management Agreement that all IP upon creation is automatically assigned to CO2CRC Ltd, which is therefore charged with the responsibility for protection and exploitation of IP. CO2CRC Ltd provides an exclusive license to CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd (CO2TECH) to commercially exploit CO2CRC IP. All net proceeds from successful commercialisation of IP are allocated to the research institutions and to CO2CRC in direct proportion to their agreed project shares.

IP developed and commercialised during the period During the reporting period no IP was sold, transferred, or licensed. However, IP was exploited by CO2TECH using confidential information and know-how in the provision of carbon capture and storage consulting services and education and training services for industry participants and other companies and government organisations, in Australia and overseas.

CO2TECH IP Register as at June 30th 2013 1. Patents Please see the list of patent applications and their status as at 30th June 2013 on the next page.

2. Registered trademarks GEODISC No 881931

Class 42 “GEODISC”

No 1094946 Class 42 “CO2CRC logo” No 1253492 Class 7 “CO2CRC logo”

4. Industrial designs and circuits Nil

No 1094967 Class 42 “ICTPL logo” No 1095107 Class 42 “CO2CRC Pilot Project Ltd logo” No 1293386 Class 42 & Class 45 “CO2CRC Technologies logo”

3. Unregistered software

›› Integrated Carbon Capture and

5. Copyright in publications

›› All GEODISC publications ›› All CO2CRC publications listed in

the CO2CRC Publications Tracking System

6. Knowhow and confidential information

Storage Economic Modelling (ICCSEM) Software (UNSW)

›› Forward Modelling Software (Curtin) ›› Web Calculator for computing properties of CO2 (CSIRO)

›› CO2CRC Publications Tracking System

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

CO2TECH is the Commercialisation Manager and has full responsibility for management of IP and for commercialisation

Management of IP

Ownership of IP Identification of IP All CO2CRC research is governed by project agreements with each research institution and these make provision for project leaders to inform CO2CRC program managers any time that new IP is identified through the completion of an IP Disclosure Form. In addition, the CO2TECH Commercial Manager maintains an IP database and register. CO2TECH is responsible for determining the commercial potential of new IP and protecting and exploiting the IP as necessary.

Protection of IP Project Agreements make provision for maintaining confidentiality of research results and for withholding publications and PhD theses as necessary pending a review by CO2CRC program managers in conjunction with CO2TECH to determine commercial potential. Research parties are also required to provide assistance to CO2TECH in any subsequent IP protection measures which are required (e.g. patent and/or trademark applications).

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

All IP upon creation is assigned to CO2CRC by each research institution. In the case of students, especially postgraduate students, their IP rights are assigned to their university through the execution of a Student Deed of Assignment at the commencement of studies, and this enables the university to make the required assignment to CO2CRC.

Assessment of IP Project Leaders, in consultation with CO2CRC Program Managers, are required to report the existence of new IP and to manage any subsequent or consequent restrictions placed on the utilisation of that IP due to commercial sensitivities. In the main, researchers will be working on commercially focused research and are made aware of the possibility of restrictions on publication at commencement. Most Project Leaders have good commercialisation knowledge and understand the commercialisation processes.

CO2TECH is the Commercialisation Manager and has full responsibility for management of IP and for commercialisation. It has developed protocols and processes for commercial exploitation of new technologies to ensure that there is no IP leakage or inadvertent disclosure of confidential information and know-how.

Sharing of benefits Benefits such as royalties, which may accrue to a research institution as a result of successful commercialisation of new IP, are calculated in accordance with the agreed project shares. University employees have rights to a share of the proceeds as defined in the university statutes and it is a matter for each university to make these determinations. Employees of government research institutions such as CSIRO and Geoscience Australia are not generally entitled to any share of royalties. However, the CO2CRC Board may make special recommendations where appropriate, including the payment of bonuses.

Patents Applications by familY CO2CRC REF: UNO GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P57299.AU.1

National Phase

Australia

2006281992

16-August-2006

Examination in progress: instructions sent to Chinese associate to lodge response

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.CA

National Phase

Canada

2619097

16-August-2006

Application filed

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.CN

National Phase

China

200680038434.4

16-August-2006

Examination in progress

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.DE

National Phase

Germany

112006002198.2

16-August-2006

Application filed

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

P57299.US.1

National Phase

USA

12/063930

16-August-2006

Examination in progress: response lodged, divisional yet to be lodged

Plant and process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams

CO2CRC REF: MEGA VESSEL GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P71807.AU.1

National Phase

Australia

2008251025

12-May-2008

Examination in progress

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.CA

National Phase

Canada

2686969

12-May-2008

Application filed

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.CN

National Phase

China

200880022188.2

12-May-2008

Exam requested

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.EP

National Phase

European

08747935.8

12-May-2008

Exam requested

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.IN

National Phase

India

7472/DELNP/2009

12-May-2008

Application filed

A reactor, plant and process

P71807.US

National Phase

USA

12/599751

12-May-2008

Application filed

A reactor, plant and process

CO2CRC REF: CARBONATE SOLVENT SYSTEM GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P83408.AU

Provisional

Australia

2010901733

23-Apr-2010

Application filed

A process and plant for removing acid gases

P83408.US

Provisional

USA

61/345901

18-May-2010

Application filed

A process and plant for removing acid gases

CO2CRC REF: HEAT INTEGRATION GH REF

TYPE OF APPLICATION

COUNTRY

OFFICIAL NO.

FILING DATE

CASE STATUS

TITLE

P83840.AU

Provisional

Australia

2010902902

30-June-2010

Application filed

Process and apparatus for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

One of the great challenges facing CCS is the extent to which it can be retrofitted to existing power stations

Performance against Activities The cost of capture Progress against the key challenge As stated in the CRC Funding Agreement, key challenges facing CCS are

›› Identification of suitable storage sites ›› The cost of separating CO from flue gases

›› Addressing public concern ›› Establishing an effective regulatory regime

Suitable storage sites The successful experiments as part of Stage 2B of the CO2CRC Otway Project and those planned as part of Stage 2C are particularly important to establishing saline aquifers for CO2 storage. One of the great uncertainties in their use to date is the lack of any reliable numbers on the extent to which CO2 can be residually trapped in saline aquifers. The experiments undertaken go to the heart of answering this question. Given that much of Australia’s storage potential is believed to be in saline aquifers, the question is especially important if CCS is to play a major role in making deep cuts in Australia’s emissions.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Work continued at the laboratory and pilot scale into a range of capture options and CO2CRC is increasingly confident that costs will decrease significantly. In particular the UNO MK 3 process, developed at the University of Melbourne, has shown particular promise. CO2CRC is working closely with an SME (the WES Group) that has developed an innovative system for reducing the size and cost of some of the capture equipment (contactors). This approach dovetails well with CO2CRC’s new UNO technology, and these technologies, combined with innovative engineering, could together reduce the cost of carbon capture by 60 per cent or more. These approaches are being trialled together at the demonstration plant at the Hazelwood power station with a view to further refining and optimising the system. UNO MK 3 is the subject of an international patent. One of the great challenges facing CCS is the extent to which it can be retrofitted to existing power stations. The conventional wisdom is that this cannot be done cost-effectively, however recent work by CO2CRC suggests that in some circumstances retrofit is a cheaper option than new build. This finding could have very important economic implications for the uptake of CCS.

Addressing public concerns During the reporting period, CO2CRC continued to provide a great deal of information on CCS to the media in Australia and overseas. CO2CRC has been able to maintain effective community consultation at the Otway Project, including through publications, events, regular public meetings and site visits.

Effective regulatory regimes Stage 2B of the Otway Project and the planning and approvals for Stage 2C have contributed to the development of effective regulations for CCS, with experience gained at the site being directly used by Victorian instrumentalities, particularly the Environmental Protection Authority and Southern Rural Water, to guide their regulatory processes. CO2CRC also contributed to the work of the National CCS Council during the year, advocating for a more cohesive national approach to CCS R&D.

Research PROGRAM 1: Storage of CO2 Program Management: Dr Matthias Raab, Storage Program Manager The CO2CRC Storage Research Program focuses on understanding fundamental mechanisms of geological carbon storage resources in saline aquifers in Australia and worldwide. The Program consists of ten major research projects and many subprojects, undertaking a range of applied research projects to develop suitable technologies and strategies for managing CO2 injection and storage. Projects are based in the field—at the CO2CRC Otway Project —in laboratories and via computer modelling. Commercial geological storage projects in Australia will require storage formations to store millions of tons of CO2 per annum. Safe and permanent geological carbon storage in saline formations relies on dissolution, residual saturation and ultimately mineral trapping of CO2, all within the bounds of a permitted storage complex. Stage 2 of the CO2CRC Otway Project focuses on the interplay of various trapping mechanisms during CO2 migration, and the resulting changes to the subsurface through a series of complex experiments. While surface and well-based seismic have been demonstrated to be key storage surveillance technologies, the full capabilities and limitations of seismic will be further developed through detailed migration monitoring in 4D and demonstration of plume stabilisation during the Otway Stage 2C experiment.

Significant resources from across the storage program were committed to the comprehensive feasibility study of the Stage 2C experiment. The work included detailed geological characterisation, assessed the likelihood of fault activation, determined the sealing properties of the main faults and addressed uncertainties in the spread of the CO2 plume. Design optimisation has increased the likelihood of seismic detection and gas monitoring in 4D. International peer reviews and industry-led due diligence were conducted and the CO2CRC’s Program Advisory Committee endorsed the project in May 2013. Substantial additional funding is required to execute the project and applications were launched with Federal and State government departments. In the meantime, discussions with landowners continue and regulatory approvals are being sought. CO2CRC was awarded $51.6 million for CCS research infrastructure, a project known as CCSNet, under the Federal Government’s Education Investment Fund. The majority of funds will go towards assets dedicated to research relevant to geological carbon storage. CCSNet assets will support research and technology development related to the CCS Flagship projects in Australia. CCSNet has three major components:

›› OSL: The Otway Subsurface Laboratory.

›› GippNet: The Gippsland Monitoring Network, including assets for atmospheric, seismic and marine monitoring.

›› LabNet: The Australian CCS

Research Laboratories Network, with assets for CO2 Capture and Storage research.

The Otway Subsurface Laboratory (OSL) is an experiment proposed to take place after the planned Stage 2C of the Otway Project. Approximately $23 million will be allocated for horizontal well testing for ‘above-seal-monitoring’ at the CO2CRC Otway Project site. The concept is to develop and test cheaper alternative CO2 monitoring methods, using surface or marine time-lapse seismic. By monitoring between horizontal boreholes above the geological seal, downhole seismic and electromagnetic methods for near continuous surveillance of the storage formation can be tested, substantially reducing the need for costly repeat surface or marine seismic. The CRC-2 well work-over and buried receiver array planned for the Otway Stage 2C experiment are also requirements for the OSL research. Ideally, if timing and funding coincides, both experiments will be seamlessly integrated, providing Australia with more than half a decade of additional applied research in geological carbon storage. Highlights of individual research projects are outlined below.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

The CO2CRC Otway Project continues to attract local, national and international attention as a dedicated greenhouse gas storage research laboratory

1.1â&#x20AC;&#x192; Development and operation of geological storage research facilities, Otway Project. Project Leader: Rajindar Singh, University of Melbourne Aim: To provide a world class facility and operations at the Otway Project for use in leading edge CO2 storage research. Conduct targeted small scale experiments at the Otway Project, to test and evaluate trapping concepts for the storage of CO2 including nonstructural trapping; testing seismic detection limit by small scale injection of CO2, and, effective modeling and monitoring and safe injection and storage of CO2. Conduct targeted small scale experiments at the Otway Project, to test and evaluate CO2 trapping concepts that have been effectively modeled to assure safe injection and storage, including well planned monitoring and verification activities. Research Overview: The CO2CRC Otway Project continues to attract local, national and international attention as a dedicated greenhouse gas storage research laboratory. The location of the site, with its well suited subsurface structure consisting of a depleted gas reservoir, an unconfined saline deep water aquifer, various faults and a natural supply of CO2-rich Buttress gas (estimated reserves in access of 400,000 tonnes) from a nearby well; provide exceptional opportunities for field-scale CO2 storage research to be conducted to study the effects of CO2 injection on a variety of formation and fluid types at various depths.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

During this reporting period, the first half of the year was dedicated to the modelling work and write-up for the next major experiment, Stage 2C. This activity included the development of a high level operations plan and associated timelines and budget for work packages that will need to be administered at the site during this experiment. The second half of the year was devoted to getting management approval for the science plan. In parallel, discussions with regulators and landowners were commenced to determine if any of the proposed plans would need to be adjusted. Early in 2013, CO2CRC agreed to conduct a Shallow Shear Wave seismic acquisition survey located on Shire roads in the vicinity of the site, in collaboration with the Leibnitz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), based in Hannover, Germany. This survey, currently planned for early November 2013, requires the importation of specialised survey equipment from Germany. Time and effort was allocated to obtaining various regulatory and import approvals for this survey.

The site itself has remained mothballed during the reporting period, with the pipeline kept filled with nitrogen. Various Measuring, Monitoring and Verification (MM&V) activities continued throughout the year, specifically annual soil gas sampling, annual ground water sampling and periodic atmospheric monitoring depending on favourable wind conditions. In the subsurface, U-tube samples of the Waarre reservoir were taken via the Naylor-1 well at six weekly intervals. The results from these activities provided the required input for Key Performance Indicator (KPI) reporting to Regulators. Engagement with the local community and regulators continued throughout the project. Various channels to disseminate up-to-date information regarding the project continue to be used to keep the stakeholders informed, including direct face-to-face community reference group meetings, a community newsletter, Open Days, group site visits and the CO2CRC website. During this period, a number of newsletters were disseminated; one community reference group (CRG) meeting was held and one site Open Day was organised.

1.2 Otway project Book

1.3 CO2 storage in saline formations–Otway Basin and beyond

Project Leader: Professor Peter Cook, Canberra Aim: Documentation of data and learning gathered during Otway Project Stage 1 Research overview: This project is not a research project per se, but it aims to summarise the conduct of CO2CRC’s most high profile research activity, the CO2CRC Otway Project Stage 1, undertaken from 2004-2012, and the lessons from the Project. There are many papers published on the science undertaken as part of the project, but information on how the project was managed, operational details, information on the regulatory processes, the consultation process and details of some of the physical and chemical methodologies used are seldom discussed in the open literature for the Otway Project or indeed for most other storage projects. This book seeks to remedy that. The CO2CRC Otway Project is a leading field-based research project that has successfully undertaken a number of successful experiments involving injection of CO2. Through this series of field trials a great deal was learned about the subsurface mechanisms involving CO2. In addition much was learned about how to undertake pilot scale CCS projects and the Board considered that it was vital to capture those learnings.

The mechanism for doing this was to compile a major volume that draws together all aspects of Stage 1of the Otway Project but also where possible summarises aspects of Stage 2. A total of 17 chapters have been written, 14 of which have been edited and are now with the CO2CRC Graphics Group for formatting. Once this has been done (expected by 1 October 2013), the volume will be edited and revised, prior to final consideration of how the volume will be published. Options include CO2CRC publishing it under its own banner or it being published by a commercial publishing house. The other decision will be whether to produce it as hard copy, as an electronic copy or perhaps both. Cost and timeliness will be important considerations in the final decision. The aim is to have formatted copies of the volume available for the November board meeting. Formal publication is likely to be several months after that, due to the lengthy printing process. The editor is confident that the volume will represent a very important document for other organisations wishing to undertake not only pilot scale but also commercial scale projects, in that it will contain a great deal of the sort of technical detail that few other projects have provided up to this time.

Project Leader: Dr Mark Bunch, Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide Aim: To define and characterise deep saline formations viable to host longterm subsurface storage of supercritical CO2 within the Otway Basin and beyond. Research Overview: This project describes the petrophysical and geochemical attributes of deep saline formations within the Otway Basin and other Australian basins. Initially the project focus concerned the Paaratte Formation of the Otway Basin. Data acquired at new wells drilled as part of the Otway Project guided development of two conceptual models. The first concerns the depositional environment for the succession including the architecture of discrete geological facies bodies that governs storage system performance at the site/field scale. The second concerns the sequence of important diagenetic changes that overprint otherwise primary petrophysical and geochemical characteristics of the succession. Together these provide a linked stratigraphic-geochemical model framework to predict chemical and physical responses of the Paaratte Formation storage system to injection of supercritical CO2 at site/field and regional scales.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Analytical models and generic numerical simulations will be employed to assess the difference in storage capacity estimations and injection strategies for various saline aquifer types

An explicit transform has been developed that relates characteristic response within the Paaratte Formation of a standard suite of open-hole well logs (electro-facies) to core log-calibrated image log facies interpreted at CRC-1 and CRC-2. This provides a way to predict the vertical distribution of key depositional lithofacies that relate to storage system facies modelled previously. In addition to this, the characteristic architectural dimensions of a modern depositional analogue system to that encountered at CRC-2 are being captured in order to simulate the architecture of key injection intervals identified for Stage 2 of the CO2CRC Otway Project. In concert with this, a stochastic system has been developed to simulate the dimensions and distribution of diagenetic carbonate cemented zones overprinting the primary depositional architecture (see below). Microscopic analyses of CRC-2 core samples have identified a sequence of diagenetic cementation events that affected the Paaratte Formation since burial. Organic-rich groundwater leached through the best quality reservoir sandstone soon after burial as a result of high frequency sea level regressions. This led to development of early dolomite and ankerite cements that preserved the primary matrix framework but almost completely removed porosity in these most compositionally and texturally mature reservoir sandstones. Such cementation was limited in the presence of preexisting matrix clay coatings. As a result, the best

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

sandstones available for CO2 storage today were not necessarily the most promising deposits initially. In addition, this hypothesis rules out development of thick, pervasive carbonate mineralisation in response to migration of the CO2rich hydrocarbon fluids that charged local gas reservoirs at greater depth. Reactivity of these dolomite cemented zones with CO2-rich formation fluid is not yet understood but research is underway in Project 1.5 to discover the implications. In addition to these more novel aspects of geological characterisation and modelling at the Otway Project site, Project 1.3 has also produced a working static model for simulation of CO2 injection, migration and storage within the Sherbrook Group of the Victorian portion of the Otway Basin. An equivalent model for Jurassic stratigraphy of the Surat Basin is also under construction. A new modelling project begins this year with development of two sub-basin scale static models in the Darling Basin in order to assess by simulation CO2 storage prospectivity within the Pondie Range and Nelyambo troughs (in conjunction with the drilling campaign undertaken as part of the Delta Demonstration Project by NSW Resources & Energy, Dept of Trade & Investment).

1.4â&#x20AC;&#x192; Understanding CO2 storage in saline aquifers Project Leader: Dr Karsten Michael, CSIRO, Perth Aim: To better understand the near and far-field effects of CO2 storage in saline aquifers, both as a basis for evaluating CO2 impact on other resources and as a basis for effective management of large scale CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Research Overview: The initial approach adopted is to review documented aquifer systems in sedimentary basins and to development a classification system for saline aquifer storage. Analytical models and generic numerical simulations will be employed to assess the difference in storage capacity estimations and injection strategies for various saline aquifer types. Ultimately, a spreadsheet-based tool box will be developed for prereservoir simulation screening of saline aquifers with respect to their suitability (capacity, injectivity) for CO2 geological storage, including the estimation of required injection wells. We have further developed and updated our software to predict the injectivity and storage capacity for

CO2 that contains a database of maximum injectivity of saline aquifers. The software is capable of performing Monte Carlo analysis based on the probability distribution of formation properties and different injection rates. Built-in correlations can be used to determine CO2 and brine properties required for analytical models. The software also includes new analytical models to predict the injectivity of fully and partially penetrating wells in saline aquifers with solutions for different types of formation outer boundary conditions, as well as considering multi-well injection. The impact of CO2 injection on brine displacement was assessed through basin-scale flow simulations in the Surat and Gippsland Basins. These two studies suggest that while the radius of pressure impacts for industrial-scale CO2 injection may be relatively large (on the order of 100 km), the resulting flux of formation water decreases rapidly in the far-field of the storage site. Accordingly, the associated change in salinity is small and there is very low potential for lateral brine displacement into freshwater portions of an aquifer in response to CO2 injection. Similarly, the potential for vertical leakage of saline formation water from the injection interval through possible weak points in the seal is high only in the vicinity of the injector where the largest overpressures occur. Even then, any salinity changes would be limited to within tens of

meters of the leakage locations in the overlying aquifer due to the mixing of relatively small volumes of leaking brine with large volumes of aquifer water. The study of the Gippsland Basin, a largely under-pressured basin due to petroleum and groundwater production, illustrates the importance of considering the historic hydraulic stresses when planning and managing CO2 geological storage within a sedimentary basin. Globally, a number of mature petroleum provinces are associated with significantly pressure-depleted aquifers, some of which in turn are associated with land subsidence issues. Introducing CO2 injection as a potential remediation technology for critically under-pressured aquifer systems and emphasising the positive impacts of CO2 injection on declining groundwater levels may help to improve public perception of CCS.

1.5â&#x20AC;&#x192; Reactive Reservoir Rocks and Their Impact on CO2 Storage Potential Project Leader: Dr Ralf Haese, Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research, Melbourne Aim: To better understand fluid-rock reactions during and post-injection and the respective implications for injectivity,

containment and opportunities for in situ sealing in case of leakage. This project will assist our predictive capabilities in terms of short- and long-term trapping of CO2 and the associated risks. Research Overview: The project has worked on the following five topics: 1. Geochemical results from the residual gas saturation test (Otway Project Stage 2B) have been interpreted and presented at the 2012 International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (Tokyo, Japan) and the 2013 International Association of Hydrogeologists (Perth, Australia). Furthermore, results from the dissolution test have been published (Energy Procedia) and results from the organic tracer test and the noble gas tracer test are currently submitted to international peerreviewed journals. A key finding is the heterogeneous distribution of CO2, which relates to the difficulty to create and maintain homogeneously distributed residual CO2 in a complex experiment. 2. The study of geochemical and mineralogical properties in naturally CO2-rich reservoirs has led to the publication of one journal article (Marine and Petroleum Geology) and one database with an associated report. A new project funded by ANLEC R&D has commenced with the objective to better understand massive carbonate precipitation

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

in the Surat and Eromanga basins in the geological past. Preliminary sample analysis have been carried out on samples from the Pretty Hill formation, which have been exposed to low, intermediate and high CO2 conditions in different parts of the Otway Basin. Different degrees of mineral dissolution and authigenic mineral formation are evident. 3. Experiments investigating fluid-rock reactions involving a mixture of CO2 and SO2 have been undertaken with the aim of determining the type of reactions and the respective reaction rates. The experimental results have been interpreted using geochemical modelling. A manuscript has been prepared and is close to submission for peer review. The dissolution of SO2 in water leads to the formation of a strong acid (sulphurous and/or sulphuric acid) and a respectively low pH of ~2. Rocks from prospective reservoirs in the Surat Basin (QLD) show very high rates of dissolution, which is in agreement with modelling results. 4. Experiments on the dissolution behaviour of chlorite under CO2 storage conditions have been completed, a manuscript prepared and submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal. Two other manuscripts are currently prepared, one on dissolution rates as a function of the degree of saturation and a broad review paper on mineral dissolution rates under CO2 storage conditions. 5. The interpretation of microbial community dynamics in produced water from a deep subsurface aquifer (Parratte Formation, Otway Basin) is completed. Results highlight an overrepresentation of prokaryotic families with known biofilm formers after CO2 injection, suggesting tolerance to CO2 by the sessile microbial community of the Paaratte Formation. This is corroborated with culture experiments that demonstrate

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

biofilm production using in situ samples. These results are in the final stages of preparation as a scientific journal manuscript. Current research is aimed at characterising the metabolic profile of the in situ microbial community to understand the cycling of carbon in the context of a CO2-rich environment. The results of this study will provide the approach and resolution required to elucidate the fate of injected CO2 using core flooding experiments.

1.6â&#x20AC;&#x192; Geomechanics Project Leader: Dr Eric Tenthorey, Geoscience Australia, Canberra Aims: This project aims to understand the circumstances in which faults (and fractures) in mudstone seal rocks will impact on bulk permeability and the flow of CO2 through these rocks. We also aim to characterise the other geomechanical processes that might result in loss of CO2 containment. Research Overview: Over the past year, significant resources have been committed toward developing geomechanical and structural models of the Otway Project site in advance of the Stage 2C experiment. In this work, we have assessed the likelihood of fault reactivation for the main fault cross-cutting the Paaratte Formation, used the shale gouge ratio algorithm to determine the sealing properties of the main faults and also conducted dynamic simulations to assess whether or not CO2 could possibly migrate vertically through faults. The results of this comprehensive study indicate that the Stage 2C experiment can proceed with minimal risks from the geomechanical perspective. This work has been reviewed by sponsors, is available as a report and is currently in preparation for a major international journal (CO2CRC reference JOU13-4534, RPT12-4125). Over the past year, several projects focused on the geomechanics of cap rocks have come to completion

with several reports and papers generated. The overarching goal of this research stream has been to gain a better understanding of faulting in cap rock formations in terms of how and under what circumstances such fault and fracture systems may lead to CO2 leakage. This is clearly a critical research direction in the field of CCS. One such project has focused on well exposed mud rock outcrops in the Taranaki and Whakataki regions of New Zealand. This work suggests that the dimensions and size population of tectonic faults often do change significantly from reservoir to seal and that elevated densities of small-scale faults typically occur at irregularities on fault surfaces and therefore may promote migration of CO2 (RPT13-4350). Another study, focused on polygonal fault networks in the Bonaparte Basin of Australia, has yielded an important workflow that can be used to assess whether or not a given polygonal fault network is sufficiently connected in three dimensions and can contribute to the vertical migration of CO2 in a storage scenario. Finally, a PhD study based at the University of Adelaide is coming to completion at the end of 2013. The focus of this work is centered on the Rosedale Fault System in the Gippsland Basin, with the aim of providing a higher resolution view of the fault system in terms of structure and reactivation potential in a CO2 injection scenario. An APPEA paper was published in early 2013, with another paper due out soon on fault networks of the Snapper Field (JOU13-4148, JOU13-4287). In mid-2012, a project focused on using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to better understand reservoir and ground deformation associated with gas injection was initiated. The project is focused mainly on the Iona gas storage facility and incorporates a significant modelling component so that accurate geomechanical models can be developed for CO2 storage projects. To date, an analytical/semi-

analytical geomechanical forward model and a fully coupled finite element model for interpreting surface uplift/ subsidence data have been generated and interpreted (RPT13-4473). The predicted surface displacement and pore pressure change have been compared with InSAR measurements to validate the modelling results. In addition to the projects described above, there is also a geomechanics component to the ANLEC R&D funded study on the Surat Basin. As part of this study, significant well data has been newly interpreted to gain some insight into the regional stress field in the Surat Basin. This work has resulted in a complete transformation of the Surat Basin stress map, for which there was previously only three known data points. The results indicate that the stress field within the Surat is highly heterogeneous, which has significant implications for future CCS projects and also for CSG operations.

1.7 Predictive modelling of storage reservoirs Project Leader: Dr Lincoln Paterson, CSIRO, Melbourne Aim: To improve the level of confidence in predictive model storage for a range of reservoir types, particularly through experimentation at the CO2CRC Otway Project, and other field and pilot-scale demonstration projects as they become available. This project provides the “home base” for CO2CRC reservoir simulation studies and for the extension of Otway Project “good practice” to other sites. Research Overview: The subsurface injection of carbon dioxide can produce substantial cooling effects, both in the reservoir and in the surrounding formations. This has been observed in field data collected from Otway Project Stages 1 and 2B. A temperature log in CRC-1 in July 2011, collected during a repeat RST run, indicated that there was still noticeable cooling of the

formation 10-20 metres above the reservoir more than 18 months after the end of injection. One dimensional and two dimensional analytical models have been developed to explain both the propagation of thermal effects in the reservoir in the presence of two phase flow of CO2 and brine, and the effect of cooling the overburden and underburden. Comparisons with the Otway Project Stage 1 data were presented at the GHGT11 conference in Kyoto in November 2012 and in a corresponding paper in Energy Procedia. An effort is now underway to explore the effect of these temperature changes on near-well stresses, which might result in a lowering of the threshold for the maximum acceptable pressure increase during injection. The field data collected from the Otway Project Stage 2B experiment have continued to provide a rich source of insight into subsurface processes involving CO2, beyond the primary goal of characterising the residual saturation at field scale. An overview of the whole field trial and a specific analysis of the dissolution test were presented at the GHGT11 conference, and have now appeared as Energy Procedia papers. Each component of the Stage 2B test has required modification of existing methods of analysis (which were mostly devised in petroleum or groundwater contexts) or in some cases the development of new methods. Journal papers have now been submitted on the analysis of the organic tracers and the noble gas tracers. Even the RST data requires careful scrutiny, as the presence of CO2 modifies the interpretation of the measurements. The pressure and temperature data have given a highly detailed picture of how the CO2 is distributed across the completion interval during injection, and this may have implications for the design of other field projects. A significant modelling effort was undertaken to support the design of the Otway Project Stage 2C field trial. The dynamic models went through

formal and informal peer reviews, with technical input from some CO2CRC stakeholders. The key focus was on the uncertainties in the lateral spread of the CO2 plume (especially in relation to the lease boundaries), the impact of nearby faults, and especially on how the design should be optimised to increase the likelihood of detecting the plume by geophysical methods. The key design parameters in that effort were the choice of amount to be injected (15,000 tonnes), and the choice of injection interval (to maximise the vertical thickness of the plume, for the purposes of seismic detection). The simulation work thus contributed significantly to the Stage 2C science report and associated documents involved in seeking approval for the project to proceed.

1.8 Improved monitoring and verification Project Leader: Dr Charles Jenkins, CSIRO, Canberra Aim: The aims of Project 1.8 continue to be two-fold. One aim is to maintain the compliance monitoring at the Otway Project site. While regulatory requirements (particularly for Stage 1) are now largely satisfied, maintaining a monitoring program ensures that new injections at the site (such as Stage 2C) can build on wellestablished precedents and thereby be appropriately sized to the levels of risk. The second aim is to develop monitoring methods further, both by building on the Stage 1 experience, but also by exploiting the opportunities presented by the controlled release site at Ginninderra. Research Overview: Compliance monitoring at the Otway Project now consists of annual soil and groundwater surveys, occasional atmospheric sampling (when the wind direction is suitable), and continuous microseismic monitoring. Of these the soil gas data (for 2007–2012) have been worked up this year as a case study CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

for publication. No anomalies have been seen in the other datasets and in particular there are very few seismic events and none of any significance. The continuous atmospheric data that was gathered from 2008 to 2012 has also been assessed as an entity during the year, and some novel methods of analysis have been developed. The continuous monitoring was done with only one sensor, which poses some significant challenges in estimating the hour-by-hour fluctuations in the natural CO2 levels. The results are encouraging and the large dataset allows us to place tight limits on the amounts of CO2 that could have been released from point sources near the wells. At Ginninderra, the controlled releases (from a depth of two metres) give the opportunity to calibrate our compliance methods in cases where a leakage is actually occurring. Both atmospheric and soil gas methods have been checked in this way. In addition, new techniques have been explored. These include aerial hyperspectral imaging (to detect crop die-back caused by high CO2 concentration in the root zones) and microbiological methods. The latter exploit the large, cheap datasets now available from DNA sequencing to track the evolution of population properties of soil microbes as the CO2 concentration changes. CO2CRC has now not performed a subsurface injection for several years, but via our collaboration with Energy Australia we have an interesting surrogate at the Iona gas storage complex. At Iona gas is stored and withdrawn for domestic use, using the same formation as was used 20 kilometres away for the Otway Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Stage 1 storage. We are monitoring this site for small uplift and subsidence, using InSAR data from satellites. InSAR has had a considerable success in monitoring the In Salah site in Algeria, and we are exploring the challenges of using the technique in a non-arid environment where there is much more natural alteration in the land surface.

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We are also developing detailed geomechanical modelling to compare with the data. During the year we were able to deploy addition permanent radar reflectors on Energy Australia properties some distance from where we expect the main surface movements.

1.8.2 Geophysical Monitoring Project Leader: Boris Gurevich, Curtin University, Perth Aim: The project aims to explore the capabilities of different geophysical technologies for detection, imaging and monitoring of CO2 injection into geological formations, and test these for small scale injections at the Otway Project. Research Overview: During the year, the main focus of the research was on the preparation of the Otway Project Stage 2C experiment. Specifically, a comprehensive analysis was performed of the feasibility of seismic detection and monitoring of a gas plume created as a result of the injection of a small amount (1030,000 tonnes) of CO2-rich gas from the Buttress well into various intervals of the Paaratte formation. The analysis consisted of two main components: (1) modelling of the time-lapse seismic signal from multiple scenarios of flow simulations and (2) modelling of timelapse noise based on observations from the 4D seismic performed in Stage 1 of the Otway Project. The analysis formed the bulk of a 220 page report. The report recommends a perforation interval optimal for seismic monitoring. Another recommendation is that the monitoring should involve a permanent geophone array buried underground. After submission and comprehensive feedback from stakeholders the study was endorsed by the Program Advisory Committee at its meeting in May 2013. In order to ascertain the advantages of using buried geophones at the Otway Project site, and to optimise

the parameters of such an array, a comprehensive analysis of the results of a small-scale trial of a buried array conducted at the site in June 2012 was performed during the year. It was found that the noise level for buried geophones is on average 20 dB lower compared to the surface geophones. Furthermore, the combination of active and passive experiments allowed a detailed classification of various noise sources. The study also provided recommendations for an optimal depth of buried geophones. During the year work has begun on the design of the permanent receiver array and planning of the survey geometry. Compared to Stage 1 4D surveys, the proposed seismic acquisition geometry is designed to improve the coverage of expected plume geometry, avoid interference with the gas pipeline and to have minimal land impact. The work has continued on the development and testing of new algorithms for monitoring CO2 storage using surface and borehole seismic data. In particular, the algorithms based on diffracted waves were tested on synthetic data and Otway Project Stage 1 4D data. The time-lapse analysis of seismic attenuation was analysed for Otway Project VSP data and allowed separation of scattering and intrinsic absorption components. The laboratory rock physics work focused on measuring the effect of supercritical CO2 on elastic wave velocities in porous rocks (Otway Project samples) measured at ultrasonic frequencies; further development of the broad-band measurements of elastic properties of rocks and their dependency on CO2 saturation,; precision measurements of the properties of brine/CO2 mixtures as a function of brine salinity, saturation, pressure and temperature; monitoring of fluid front using combined acoustic methods and computed tomography (CT); and evaluation of changes in mechanical properties of carbonates

and sandstones upon fluid saturation using indentation techniques. Finally, the work has begun on a new approach of assessing the longterm integrity of storage reservoirs by predicting and quantifying the distribution and the amount of sub-/seismic strain caused by fault movement in the proximity of a CO2 storage reservoir. The study is developing tools and workflows which will be tested at the Otway Project. Specifically, a geometrical kinematic 3-D model was built, based on the Otway Project 2-D and 3-D seismic data, and supplemented by new seismic attribute analyses using IHSdisplay and curvature. This model extends the existing one up to the highest seismically-visible horizon and across the entire volume laterally. Synsedimentary fault activity is evident during deposition of major layers. Mainly normal faulting and subordinate dextral strike-slip are observed. In general, the sub-seismic deformation depends on fault morphology. Depending on lithology, the calculated strain distribution and magnitude can be used as an indicator for fracture density. Furthermore, the complete 3-D strain tensor can help estimate the orientation of fractures at sub-seismic scale. In order to verify and calibrate the predictions of critical deformation, high resolution, S-wave 2-D seismic data will be acquired in a field campaign in November 2013.

3.2 Risk Assessment for Capture and Storage Systems Project Leader: Matt Gerstenberger, GNS New Zealand Aim: To develop and apply qualitative and quantitative risk-assessment methodologies for the long-term capture of geological storage of CO2. Research Overview: The work in Project 3.2 has focused on two primary objectives in the reporting period. The first was the development of guidelines

for CCS risk assessment that include the entire range of activities that are necessary in a risk assessment; the second was to apply our proposed methods to an operational or planned CCS injection site. We have presented the preliminary risk assessment guidelines at GHGT 11 in Kyoto, Japan, and have published a summarised version of the guidelines in the proceedings from the meeting. Existing risk assessment guidelines for CCS focus on risk assessment methods and procedures related to the technical content of the risk assessment. However an assessment consists of numerous steps which all must work together in order to produce a robust, understandable and useful result. These steps include: selection of the experts who will provide input into the risk assessment; selection of an expert elicitation method; selection of a tool or a suite of tools for conducting the assessment; and stakeholder engagement. Importantly, tools must be selected that are appropriate for the stakeholder needs and are appropriate for the level of development of the project. Also, for an optimal assessment, a suite of tools should be selected that can interact with each other and produce appropriate outputs. International guidelines exist for certain steps in a risk assessment, however limited guidance is available for how to bring the pieces together into a coherent package and particularly for developing and incorporating a robust expert elicitation, which is the heart of any CCS risk assessment result. The full guidelines will be developed in a manuscript by December 2013.

the existence of the splay fault and the probability of the occurrence of these. This assessment was primarily focused on developing a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) for an actual site, and the understanding of the probabilities was secondary. For a more complete application of our methods, we undertook a project to help understand the probability of success of the scientific goals for Stage 2C. By working with the Otway Project managers and with the scientists involved in characterising the project, the primary “risk” questions were determined to be: 1) Will the experiment detect the plume?; and 2) Will the observations match the models which predict stabilisation of the plume? We initially developed the structure of the BBN through a series of five conference calls with the scientists and managers involved in the Stage 2C project. To populate the BBN we held a 1.5 day workshop where we applied our structured elicitation method, including the application of Cooke’s Classical Model (1992) and the use of calibration questions to weight the input from each of the experts. We are continuing to develop the BBN to help understand how additional mitigation measures or alternate decisions will influence the probability of success for the project. As anticipated, applying the risk assessment using the proposed method has help to highlight relevant challenges with the experiment and has developed some of the key questions by encouraging those involved to focus on the entire experiment/system when looking at individual inputs. A final report will be delivered by December 2013.

The second primary objective on which we have focused was the application of our proposed methods to an existing project. After facing a challenge in finding a project to work with, we were able to apply a subset of our guidelines to help to understand two aspects of Stage 2C of the Otway Project. Initially we examined risks related to

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

For 2012–13 the focus of the solvents and engineering research teams has been on testing the CO2CRC UNO MK 3 precipitating solvent system Several hybrid systems have been evaluated for post-combustion capture: membrane/cryogenic, adsorbent/ solvent and adsorbent/cryogenic combinations. The most promising of these are undergoing further evaluation.

PROGRAM 2: Capture of CO2 Program Management: Professor Dianne Wiley, Capture Program Manager The CO2 Capture Research Program is focused on the research, development and deployment of technologies that can achieve significant cuts in capture costs of up to 80 per cent and provide Australia with a research and education capability to support industries using these technologies. A framework of economic evaluation is used to measure and validate research directions and integrates with energy-production systems, transport networks and storage infrastructure. Our capture research comprises of research activity at three levels – basic laboratory research, pilot scale demonstration projects and future large-scale designs. The objective of the entire capture research program is to lower the cost of CO2 capture by reducing the energy penalty associated with capture, as well as by improving the different capture technologies. For 2012–13 the focus of the solvents and engineering research teams has been on testing of the CO2CRC UNO MK 3 precipitating solvent system based on potassium carbonate. The laboratory mini-plant (part-funded by ANLEC R&D) at the University of Melbourne is being used to characterise the fundamental performance of different components of the solvent system with synthetic flue gas under different operating conditions. The pilot scale facility (co-funded by BCIA) in the Latrobe Valley is being 34

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used to establish the performance of the solvent system with real flue gas under different operating regimes. Data from both plants are being used to develop and validate simulations models that can then be used in the design of larger plants. By integrating the capture process with a power station, CO2CRC has estimated that the energy use for this system should be reduced by at least 25 per cent compared to commercial MEA systems. The membrane research teams are developing new materials and systems for CO2 separation, including membrane systems that can be integrated with solvent systems. Our technique for production of ultra-thin membranes using CAP (continuous assembly of polymers) synthesis has resulted in membranes that are moving to a combination of selectivity and permeability predicted to be economic for large-scale implementation. We also now have at least two high flux hollow fibre membranes that are looking attractive for post-combustion capture applications. The adsorbents materials and process teams have expanded their rapid screening tool for the assessment of new materials for post-combustion capture of CO2 to cover both VSA and TSA applications. Development, characterisation and simulation of chabazite materials for CO2 separation from natural gas continues to deliver promising outcomes. Some promising PEI materials have now been pelletised for larger scale laboratory testing.

The economics team has developed a number of shortcut tools for technology assessment. The most recent covers formation water desalination, estimation of injectivity and capacity, and pipeline design for network expansion. Other recent research has focused on framework load-shifting for emission reductions in a generation portfolio, biomass co-firing and improvement of solvents for capture. Over the last year approximately 110 people have visited our capture field facilities in the Latrobe Valley. This has included delegations from the Australian Institute of Energy, CarbonNet, Malaysian Universities, BDH Korea and the National Institute for Clean and Low Carbon Energy (NICE) in China. During 2012-13, the capture and engineering research teams between them produced 79 presentations, 57 posters, 13 journal articles, 14 major reports and 13 conference papers. Professor Moses Tade was awarded a John Curtin Distinguished Professorship in 2012 for distinguished research contributions in Chemical Engineering and research leadership. Dr Colin Scholes received a Victoria Fellowship which will allow him to travel to the University of Regina in Canada in the second half of 2013 to undertake collaborative research on the use of membrane contactors for carbon capture. Dr Colin Scholes received a 2012 Young Tall Poppy Award for Victoria for his work in Climate Change Mitigation.

Key subprojects:

›› Pilot plant simulations and analytical support

2.1 Development and operation of capture research facilities and related technologies Project Leader: Dr A Qader, CO2CRC Aims: To develop, operate and maintain CO2CRC’s world-class capture facilities and nurture novel capture opportunities in early stages of development. Research Overview: The 1 tonne per day UNO MK 3 solvent plant is operational at the Hazelwood Power Station. The membrane plant is also operational. The adsorbent plant is not currently operational due to equipment failures. Implementation of a new membrane pilot plant in the Vales Point Power Station, NSW, owned by Delta Electricity, is currently underway.

2.2 Solvent systems Project Leader: Prof G Stevens, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including post and precombustion capture in the power industry, CO2 removal from natural gas and potentially other industries such as the cement and steel industry; and to develop, adapt and apply appropriate technologies to prevailing conditions and demonstrate the applicability of these technologies.

›› Investigation of precipitating systems ›› Investigation of rate promoters ›› Investigation of the performance of membrane contactors

Research Overview: The team is very busy currently running both the ANLEC and BCIA pilot plants to investigate the performance of the precipitating system in the laboratory and on real flue gases, as well as developing reliable models for the prediction of the performance of these processes and running other bench scale tests. The design and construction of an ion exchange column has been completed. Laboratory scale testing of the column to mimic performance is underway. Equilibria studies are being undertaken and simulations of performance are underway. A selected resin is also due to be trialed at the BCIA plant. Stopped flow equipment and wetted wall column are now fully setup for screening potential promoters. A second wetted wall column has also been constructed and has been calibrated. A list of potential promoters and an experimental plan have been developed for testing these promoters. Studies incorporating promoter performance into Apsen software have begun. MEA has been added to the carbonate solvent system in Aspen and work on other promoters is continuing. Screening of buffers has commenced. Stop-flow and wetted wall column experiments have been completed.

A test program examining the use of geopolmers with a barrier to extend their service life is underway. The focus is on the interface zone (ITZ) between siliceous aggregates and 4 binders. Mortar samples were made and installed at ambient temperature. After 3, 7, 28 and 90 days the mechanical properties have been completed. BSE imaging in scanning electron microscopy was used to identify unreacted binder components, reaction products and porosity in this zone in each sample. Testing is still underway and expected to be complete before the end of 2013.

2.3 Membrane systems Project Leader: Prof S Kentish, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including post and precombustion capture in the power industry, CO2 removal from natural gas and potentially other industries such as the cement and steel industry; to develop and apply new materials and membrane processes; to demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Key subprojects:

›› Cost-effective membrane systems ›› Natural gas systems ›› New membrane materials development

›› Precursors to large scale

implementation of gas separation

Research Overview: Wet fly ash has been shown to cause a severe deterioration of membrane performance for post-combustion capture.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Several membrane contactors have been tested in the laboratory. The Hazelwood pilot plant has been in operation with a range of membrane contactors. Cellulose acetate membranes have been prepared in the laboratory and their baseline performance in natural gas systems compared with literature. Simulations and economic evaluation of an air enrichment membrane system for membrane-cryogenic separation have been completed. These simulations have considered both post-combustion capture and the capture of carbon dioxide from cement kilns. Results confirm that membranes are cost-competitive with advanced solvent-based processes for postcombustion capture. The effect of gas mixtures (H2/CO2/ toluene) on the performance of PDMS membranes in a pre-combustion environment has been tested. This has allowed the development of a mathematical model that could successfully simulate the performance of the PDMS membrane tested in the Mulgrave trials. Preliminary results for blends of PI and polyPOSS polymers have shown reduced permselectivities. This work has been discontinued. Brush copolymers have been synthesized. Ultrathin high flux membranes have been prepared through blending with polyimide. A method for producing a uniform gutter layer on a porous substrate for the subsequent deposition of a CAP film with good gas separation properties has been developed. Flux is currently limited by the CO2 permeance in the gutter layer. Modified diblock copolymers have been synthesised and are being characterised. Hollow fiber membranes made with Matrimid and Matrimid with

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

additives showed good stability to gas permeation and O2/N2 selectivity after conditioning. While heat annealing further improved plasticisation resistance, it generally reduced selectivity except for CO2/ CH4 selectivity of some coated membranes. Conditioning improved CO2/N2 selectivity of membranes with additives compared to pure Matrimid membranes. Permeation rates of O2 and N2 as well as O2/N2 selectivity increased with temperature. The CO2 permeation rate also generally increases with temperature but may decrease at higher temperatures for some membranes with additives. Better CO2 permeation rate and CO2/ N2 selectivity was observed at higher operation pressure. A composite hollow fiber membrane fabrication protocol has been developed. Permeation test results are promising. The hydrothermal rig for the testing of metal oxide membranes for high temperature separation of CO2/H2 has been redeveloped and calibrated. Interlayer development has investigated mixed metal oxide systems with a dopant using a one-pot regime. Membranes have been prepared from peroxide-catalysed doped sols onto alpha-alumina supports. Membranes have also been prepared with seeded, acid-catalysed sols. He/N2 permselectivities of peroxide-catalysed membranes have been obtained.

2.4 Adsorbent systems Project Leader: Prof P Webley, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications including post and precombustion capture in the power industry and CO2 removal from natural gas; also potentially, other industries such as the cement and steel industries. CO2CRC will also develop and apply new materials and adsorbent processes and demonstrate the

applicability of these technologies. Key sub-projects:

›› Post-combustion capture of CO : 2

Process research

›› Pre-combustion capture of CO : 2

Process and materials research

›› CO capture from natural gas streams 2

Research Overview: Initial tests of PEI materials for post-combustion capture led to contamination. New material is being formulated and a large batch prepared. Several new cycles for post-combustion capture have been developed. Simulations and experimental data are being obtained. A PSA screening model is complete. The TSA model has been developed and is undergoing testing. A variety of metal organic frameworks with various metal centres and linker groups have been synthesised. Some of these have incorporated amine groups. Several water-stable MOFs have been synthesised and characterised in dry and moist conditions. Several series of materials have been synthesised and tested in TGA and small scale VSA under humid conditions and have performed very well. A quantity of MCF-type amine adsorbents has been prepared for VSA testing. Also, a new procedure for pelletising these materials has been developed and patent protection is being considered. A method was developed for preparation of a MOF for large scale testing. For pre-combustion capture, a variety of amine type adsorbents have been identified that work very effectively in simulated VSA at elevated temperatures. They are essentially 100 per cent selective for CO2 over N2 and also work well in humid conditions. The effect of a range of dopants on CdO stability and performance has been

investigated including the effect of other syngas components (H2 and H2S) on performance. The doped Cd adsorbents have been pelletised and the pellets retain their integrity under TGA.NaUSY and other zeolites have been identified with promising separation performance for CO2/CH4. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) have been prepared and are being characterised. Adsorption isotherms are being measured up to high pressure. Protocols and codes have been developed and applied to selected MOFs, CuBTC and analogues, zeolitic imidazole framework materials and metal DHBDC materials to predict performance for CO2/CH4 separation. Improved force-field parameters have been developed. A simulation code has also been developed for flexible MOFs.

2.5 Cryogenic/hydrates systems Project Leader: Prof M Tade, Curtin University of Technology, Perth Aims: To develop and apply new cryogenic and hydrate removal processes in order to reduce the cost of CO2 separation from a range of industrial applications, particularly pre-combustion capture and oxyfuels in the first instance and then potentially in other industries such as the cement and steel industry, post-combustion and to demonstrate the applicability of these technologies. Research Overview: Simulation and analysis of a hybrid VSA/cryogenic capture system continues. A hybrid flow sheet has been developed and flow data and energy consumption data is being finalised. Economic assessment is ready to proceed once the full data sheet is completed. An initial report on potential sites and partners to support a pilot of this concept has been prepared. Work on capture of CO2 from IGCC GE, IGCC Shell and oxyfuel gases including pumping of liquid CO2 is nearing completion.

2.7 (3.1) Economics Project Leaders: Dr P Neal & Dr M Ho, The University of New South Wales, Sydney Aim: To provide research reports and advice on CO2 capture and storage economics for different technologies, specific capture and storage projects and industry hubs or regions. Research Overview: The effect of available energy (including renewable energy) on energy supply, flexible capture and emissions reduction in the NEM has been evaluated. The effect of load-shifting on costs and emissions reduction for a generator in NSW has been completed. The costs of phased retrofitting of power plants with CO2 capture have been estimated. A study evaluating the impact of biomass quality and co-firing level on the cost of electricity has been completed. Costs have been evaluated with and without CO2 capture. A study has been completed on the effect of different solvent properties and process developments on capture costs. This includes deterministic and probabilistic analysis. The timing of CO2 injection in conjunction with the production of natural gas has been evaluated. The effect of the reuse of existing infrastructure on the economics of transport and storage in the Gippsland Basin has been estimated. A paper has been published showing the alignment of our proposed Carbon Storage Capacity Management System with the SPE’s Petroleum Resource Management System. The relationship between capacity estimation and project decision-making is being investigated. Storage capacity has been estimated for several formations. Studies into optimisation of pipeline routing and project ranking continue. A preliminary assessment of using real options to evaluate CCS projects has been completed.

A spreadsheet model of formation water desalination has been developed. An integrated set of tools has been developed for estimating injectivity and capacity. A lookup method has been developed for the design of pipelines with an increase of CO2 flow rate. A database of well injection rates based on reservoir properties has been developed. ICCSEM V2 has been released to sponsors. The V3 engine incorporates the injectivity tool and topographic cost information. The GUI has been modified to improve usability. The model has been updated with the VSA model developed by the adsorbents team.

2.1.1 Low cost hybrid capture technology development Project Leader: Prof P Webley, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To establish, the case for a hybrid adsorbent/solvent system that will reduce capture costs by 20% over the best amine system. With this defined, the project will deliver a technical basis for, and the commercialisation plan of, this process for demonstration and large scale deployment. Research Overview: Project complete. The project investigated whether a hybrid of capture technologies (e.g. adsorption followed by solvent absorption) would offer large reductions in capture cost by synergistically exploiting the inherent advantage of each technology. This concept was based on the following facts. The current preferred technology for post-combustion capture of CO2 is solvent scrubbing. The capture units are likely to be larger than any currently operating solvent scrubbers. This is partly because the flue gas flow rates are very large but is also due to the low concentration of CO2 in the flue gas (10–15 %) so that the equipment

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Alternate technologies such as adsorption, are capable of producing variable enrichment of the CO2 with low energy usage and can be designed to simultaneously remove oxygen

2.1.3 Membrane processes for amine contaminant removal Project Leader: Prof S Kentish, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne

size is governed predominantly by nitrogen flow rates. Solvent scrubbing using amines also has high-energy usage and the amines are susceptible to degradation from the presence of oxygen. Alternate technologies such as adsorption, are capable of producing variable enrichment of the CO2 with low energy usage and can be designed to simultaneously remove oxygen. Thus, the project investigated the use of adsorption for initial enrichment followed by a solvent process to produce a high CO2 concentration stream. Adsorption experiments with activated carbon were conducted and validated against Aspen Adsorption® simulations. This model was then used for the design of a fullscale adsorption system for a 500 MW power plant. The simulations showed that adsorption employing activated carbon can be operated at high CO2 recovery (> 90 %) with very modest energy requirements (electric power of ~ 0.6 GJ / tonne CO2) for an enrichment to 50 % CO2. Most of the oxygen could also be removed. The enriched CO2 stream had a dramatically reduced volume (by a factor of approximately 3) leading to smaller solvent scrubbers (with diameters reduced from 20 meters to around 15 meters). The economic assessment showed that compared to stand-alone MEA or VSA 13X capture processes, the hybrid process had higher total capital costs and higher total energy usage due to the fact that the energy required for solvent regeneration did not change and that there was additional energy required for the VSA process. One of the advantages of the hybrid process is 38

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Aims: To test and validate improvements to CO2 capture using membrane technology, results of which will be essential for significantly reducing future commercial CCS projects cost.

that it uses practical equipment sizes, which can reduce the technical risks associated with building capture units as well as the uncertainties of installing them onsite.

2.1.2 Cost reduction process: solvent precipitation system Project Leader: Prof G Stevens, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Aims: To demonstrate a complete carbonate based technology for post-combustion capture by providing an integrated impurity handling system and have primary energy usage (not including energy integration) at least 10% below the best amine. Overall capture cost reduction will be evaluated at the end of the first year: it is anticipated to result in a 20% reduction compared to the best amines including heat integration. Research Overview: Some equipment modifications/upgrades have been completed and data collection using promoted potassium carbonate solvent is underway. New VLE data for promoted solvent is being measured in the lab with a newly constructed VLE rig (capable of operation at regeneration conditions) and this data along with plant data will be used to develop and validate Aspen simulations.

Research Overview: The NF work has been successfully completed and a paper on this work is being prepared. We have obtained more novel commercial membranes to use on the ED rig, but these have proved to be very ‘soft’ and have led to a decision to purchase a new membrane cell to reduce leakage.

2.1.4 Large scale cost reduction through adsorption based oxygen generation technology Project Leaders: Prof P Webley, The University of Melbourne & Prof A Chaffee, Monash University, Melbourne Aims: To develop adsorbents which are oxygen selective, reversible, stable, safe, and appropriate for oxygen production from air. To develop adsorption process cycles producing high purity oxygen (> 98%) at 30% lower capital cost and power requirement relative to current state-of-the-art air separation technologies. To develop a combined, validated process and economic model that will provide scaled-up evaluation of the oxygen selective adsorption process. Research Overview: Materials in three categories have now been developed: high T ceramic materials, low T porphyrin materials and polymer metallocenes. We are testing these materials for their N2 and O2 capacity and selectivity.

2.1.7 Capture demonstration for cost reduction Project Leader: Dr A Qader, CO2CRC Aims: The project will undertake a range of studies targeted at cost and risk reduction to develop the CO2CRC precipitating solvent technology by making step-change improvements in process, equipment and materials specific to brown coal emissions handling especially in terms of impurities present and by evaluating process integration and economic/ business opportunities. Research Overview: The commissioning of the UNO MK 3 solvent pilot plant at Hazelwood Power Station was completed just before Christmas 2012 and went into full operation on 7 January 2013. The plant was delivered to site on two skids – the first containing the regeneration column on 6 August 2012 and then the two absorbers (conventional and WES) a few weeks later. Final skid construction and other installation work (civil construction, interconnecting pipe-work, electrical, bunding) was performed on site. Prior to commissioning, the plant was inspected and faults and leaks rectified. A pre-start audit identified further technical and safety modifications. A “Plant Release for Commissioning” was obtained from GDF SUEZ Australian Energy, Hazelwood. A series of documents including MDR (Manufacturers Data Reports), IOM (Installation and Operating Manuals), Operating Procedures, Detailed Test Plan, HSE Policy and Management Framework were developed and approved for implementation by the CO2CRC Capture Field Facilities Steering Committee.

The test plan was designed in four major campaigns: campaign 1 using 30 wt% solvent (UNO MK 1); campaign 2 using 40 – 45 wt% solvent; campaign 3 using promoter with 40 – 45 wt% solvent; campaign 4 for other tests. Campaigns 1 and 2 are complete and 3 is about to be completed. All campaigns were conducted using the CO2CRC conventional absorber and WES absorber columns in an alternating manner. Data analysis is underway. This includes verification and further development of Aspen simulation models. While overall progress is satisfactory, some delays have been encountered due to challenges in operation of the precipitating system, equipment failure, non-availability of flue gas, plant maintenance and changes to site personnel. The project provides valuable skills development for a number of researchers including four postdoctoral fellows and two research assistants. The site continues to attract local and international researchers and other groups with an interest in the practical implementation of CO2 capture. Approximately 110 visitors visited the site during the last twelve months, including delegations from the Australian Institute of Energy, CarbonNet, Malaysian Universities, BDH Korea and the National Institute for Clean and Low Carbon Energy (NICE) in China.

2.1.8 Evaluation of CO2 capture with high performance hollow fiber membranes from flue gas Project Leader: Prof V Chen, The University of New South Wales, Sydney Aims: This research aims to fabricate high performance hollow fiber membranes for CO2 capture from flue gas and to compare their laboratory performance with synthesised gas mixtures with real flue gas streams in power plants. Research Overview: Membrane selection and tests with the integrally skinned hollow fiber are progressing well. Composite hollow fiber membrane fabrication protocol has been developed. Currently fabricating with PES as substrate to withstand high pressure. Coating protocol development is near completion. Membrane mobile unit construction is awaiting final contract signing.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Otway Project site tours have been in high demand, with the 1000th visitor touring the Otway Project in May.

PROGRAM 3: Facilitating CCS Program Management: Dr Julie-Anne White (Dr Richard Aldous from 30 June 2013) The aim of this program is to facilitate the deployment of CCS and bring together the research and development activities of CO2CRC’s capture and storage research and demonstration projects. In the past year CO2CRC has developed a set of guidelines for CCS risk assessment and presented these at a major conference. To trial the guidelines for project application, the risk team used the guidelines to help understand two aspects of Stage 2C of the Otway Project, in the process providing useful new insights into the project’s development. CO2CRC is also progressing work on an NPV integrated approach to carbon storage resource assessment. The Economic team has been involved in technology assessment, the evaluation of CCS relative to other technologies, the development of a number of shortcut tools for formation water desalination, estimation of injectivity and capacity, and pipeline design for network expansion, among other aspects. Work has continued on the interaction of CCS with electricity and carbon markets, with a view to optimising economic outcomes from design and operation of CCS plants.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

CO2CRC continued its significant contribution to State and Federal Governments though the National CCS Council, the Flagships process and high level CCS consultations. Several international governments also received CO2CRC technical advice. The Science Initiatives project has been active in monitoring & disseminating technology developments in the CCS storage discipline and providing relevant technical input to CO2CRC storage projects using the skills and experience of the Chief Scientist, who has also been the principal instructor for numerous international CCS schools. The Technology Initiatives projects has led large-scale engineering development of the UNO MK 3 process, as well as identifying cost reductions using CCS retrofits and leading the process integration research program. CO2CRC continues to recruit postgraduate students and has more than 40 graduate students within its programs, making it one of the most significant CCS training programs anywhere in the world. The Education and Training program expanded its contribution to CCS capacity development by running “Train the Trainer” courses in Malaysia and

Mexico. A successful collaboration with Carbon Management Canada will see four CO2CRC researchers taking up student exchange scholarships. In addition to regular communications such as publications production, media liaison and event management, CO2CRC convened the second National CCS Week, supported by nine industry, government and research organisations. Community consultation at the Otway Project continued through newsletters, community reference group meetings and regular liaison with landowners, including a very popular Otway Project Open Day held during National CCS Week. UNO MK 3 and Otway Project site tours have been in high demand, with the 1000th visitor touring the Otway Project in May. CO2CRC has built on its successful commercialisation of knowledge with five new major consultancy projects for CO2CRC sponsor companies and for third parties, and four families of patents, all of which are supporting breakthroughs in new capture technologies and processes.

Education and Training This busy year began with the recruitment of a new Education and Training manager in August. The Education and Training program was in full swing with a newly developed ‘Train the Trainer’ course, developed in collaboration with the Global CCS Institute, delivered in Kuala Lumpur at the end of August. Professors and lecturers from four Malaysian Universities attended the course and with their new found knowledge will hopefully be implementing their own CCS courses shortly. Following the success of this first ‘Train the Trainer’ course it was developed for delivery to other interested parties around the world. In February it was successfully delivered to the Academic Council of Earth Science Schools, a consortium from universities and industries within Mexico. There are plans to take the course to South Africa and also return to Malaysia in the next financial year. Complementing the successful ‘Train the Trainer’ courses have been specific training courses delivered to industry and professional consortiums. A very successful and comprehensive course covering the whole CCS chain was run for PETRONAS in April over five days. This was followed in May by the Launching Seminar of the CO2 Storage Program (CCS-M) by The Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP), where a three day training course on geological storage site characterisation and selection was delivered.

The Education and Training program also focuses on postgraduate students. This year six new PhD students joined the CRC while seven students submitted their thesis for examination. Currently there are 39 PhD students studying with the CRC. As this round of funding reaches its half way point there will be several students finishing in the next financial year. There has been a lot of discussion and collaboration with Carbon Management Canada (CMC) to organise student exchanges between CO2CRC and CMC. Four CO2CRC researchers have been awarded scholarships to travel to Canada and collaborate on CMC research projects. These exchanges are a fantastic opportunity for both CO2CRC and CMC researchers to work together and it is hoped that this international collaboration will lead to some interesting research. The 2012 CO2CRC Research Symposium was again a great opportunity for the students to present their research to a wide audience of researchers and industry partners. This year the students delivered a two minute oral presentation as an introduction to their posters, giving them another valuable platform to highlight their research. The workshop for the students this year focused on the perspective of research from both industry and academia. The workshop was well attended by students and other symposium delegates and left many people questioning their own views on research. Eva Caspari, a PhD student at Curtin University (Project 1.8), won an award for her ‘outstanding contribution to science’.

The annual CO2CRC CCS School was not run in 2012–2013 because of the timing of employing a new Education and Training manager. It is planned to resume in the next financial year. The Alliance Agreement with the Global CCS Institute ended at the end of this financial year, although it is hoped that collaborations with the Institute will continue. Discussions have already taken place regarding the possibilities of hosting professional interns from Mexico for six month placements working with CO2CRC researchers. CO2CRC maintains high quality online resources including education and training material for Australian and international bodies. Plans for the next financial year include

›› Run the CO2CRC CCS School in September 2013

›› Continue the international

development and deployment of the ‘Train the Trainer’ course on a country by country basis to increase international capacity in education and training of CCS.

›› Develop further international collaborations with research organisations to expand on researcher exchanges.

›› Review educational material on the website and update or create new content where needed.

Tally of CO2CRC students 2012/13 MSc or M Eng (including masters 4 by coursework) PhD

Total postgraduate students

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

A very successful Otway Project Community Open Day was held during National CCS Week. The event attracted over 50 attendees including visitors from Japan and Melbourne, a Moyne Shire councillor and local media

Communication

›› The second National CCS Week and

CO2CRC has two strategies in place to ensure communication activities are well-planned, focused and effective. CO2CRC’s overall Communication Strategy sets out the organisation’s communication goals and objectives, and tactics to achieve them. It encompasses CO2CRC public communication on CCS, stakeholder relations, media liaison, issues management and internal communication, as well as a crisis communication plan. The CO2CRC Otway Project Community Consultation and Communication Strategy covers CO2CRC’s communication with the Nirranda and regional community, as well as communication of project outcomes to the wider public. The following activities have been undertaken during the reporting period. CO2CRC internal communication

›› CO2CRC produces a staff

newsletter which provides CRC staff with updates on research, education & training, social news and awards and honours. A staff newsletter was issued in December 2012.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

›› CO2CRC holds an annual Research

Symposium to bring together CO2CRC researchers, industry and government partners, and the Australian and international CCS community to share and discuss CCS research and developments. The Symposium is an important annual update of CO2CRC research progress, providing opportunities for networking and debate while fostering collaboration. The 2012 CO2CRC Research Symposium was held on the Sunshine Coast in November.

CO2CRC external communication

›› Seven media releases were issued

during the year, with follow up media liaison including journalist briefings, media interviews, letters to editors, articles and provision of images for general, industry and CCS publications.

National CCS Conference, convened by CO2CRC, was held in October 2012 and supported by nine industry, government and research organisations. The events were successful, bringing together a wide range of CCS stakeholders in Perth and including several CCS-related events around the country.

›› There has been continuing

demand for visits to the CO2CRC Otway Project and Latrobe Valley capture demonstration plants from Australian and international industry, government, the research community and the media.

›› CO2CRC publishes CO

Futures, 2 a quarterly newsletter focusing on CO2CRC research stories and developments. The newsletter is distributed nationally and internationally to over 1400 subscribers, industry, government and the research community.

›› Information products such as fact

sheets, brochures and banners were produced throughout the year. A summary and map of Australian CCS projects is maintained and updated.

›› The CO2CRC website is a

comprehensive central point for information on CCS and the CRC. The website includes improved access to information on CCS and CO2CRC research, CO2CRC publications and a popular image library including online videos on CCS technology.

›› CO2CRC engages in social media

through a live newsfeed, a LinkedIn group and Twitter, through the @ CCS_Research account. CO2CRC tweets CCS news daily and has over 500 Twitter followers.

›› CO2CRC attends events, including information booths at relevant conferences. CO2CRC speakers attend national and international conferences and fora.

›› CO2CRC hosts the National CCS

Council Communication Unit in the CO2CRC Canberra offices.

CO2CRC Otway Project community consultation and communications CO2CRC works with the Nirranda community to build public confidence and support for CCS and the CO2CRC Otway Project.

The locally-based Otway Project Liaison Officer acts as a conduit between researchers and local landowners and provides a point of contact for the local community. CO2CRC informs the community, including residents, local government, schools and NGOs, of research outcomes and changes to site operations via the Otway Project Liaison Officer, the project community reference group and regular community newsletters. Project update newsletters were mailed to 1300 residents in October 2012. A very successful Otway Project Community Open Day was held on Saturday 20 October during National CCS Week. The event attracted over 50 attendees including visitors from Japan and Melbourne, a Moyne Shire councillor and local media.

The community reference group includes representatives from local government, regulators, landowners and the local community. Regular meetings of the group are open to the public and include project updates and the opportunity for discussions on issues affecting local residents. National and international interest in the project is high. CO2CRC conducts regular site visits of the Otway Project for visiting researchers, policy-makers, State and Federal government representatives, industry groups, community groups and students. The 1000th visitor to the site was a member of a Chinese group visiting the Otway Project in May 2013. Nearly half of all visitors have been part of international delegations. Information on the Otway Project is continually updated and includes newsletters, posters, photographs, fact sheets and brochures.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

This work package deals with the large scale engineering development of the UNO MK 3 process leading to commercialisation

›› CS contributed to objectives of

Project 3.8 by providing high level and detailed input/advice to global CCS projects (eg Decatur; CarbonNet; SACCCS)

3.8 Science Initiatives Project Leader: Prof John Kaldi, University of Adelaide Aims: The principle aim of this project is to provide technical input, quality assurance and high level advice on relevant aspects of CCS to the CO2CRC program through leadership of the Chief Scientist (CS). Other aims are to represent CO2CRC at key domestic and international forums, workshops and conferences, and contribute to capacity building in CCS through key roles in domestic and international CCS Schools and workshops. Key subprojects:

›› Monitor & disseminate new

technology developments in Storage discipline

›› Provide technical input to CO2CRC Storage projects

›› Provide Storage Program Manager quality assurance of CO2CRC storage projects

––

Ensure that relevant science & technology are properly applied to each project Review and/or recommend for approval technical manuscripts /presentations within storage disciplines CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

›› CS presented schools and workshops on CCS:

›› Capacity building in CCS: Contribute

to Education & Training Program through international leadership role in organisation and teaching of courses, schools and workshops in CCS

›› Represent CO2CRC at domestic

and international technical workshops and conferences on CCS

›› Research on caprock and fault seals for containment of CO2

›› Supervision of PhD students at University of Adelaide

Project Update: July 1, 2012–June 30, 2013: The Science Initiatives project has been active in monitoring & disseminating technology developments in the CCS storage discipline and providing relevant technical input to CO2CRC storage projects using the skills and experience of the Chief Scientist (CS). The CS has also played a major role in representing CO2CRC at key domestic and international forums, workshops and conferences, as well as being principal instructor for numerous international CCS schools.

––

“Train the Trainer” CCS School, Mexico City, February 2013

––

BHPB PETRONAS CCS School, KL, April 2013

––

CCOP CCS School, Bali, April 2013

––

“Train the Trainer” CCS School KL, August 2013

––

IEAGHG CCS Summer School Nottingham, August 2013

›› CS continued supervision of PhD students Dance, Gray & Qu

––

CS convener and keynote speaker at conferences and workshops on CCS (eg SPE, IEAGHG, PGCE)

––

CS University Technology PETRONAS external reviewer, July 2013

––

CS served 1st tour as SPE Distinguished Lecturer, October 2012

––

CS elected as AAPG International Vice President

3.9 Technology Initiatives Project Leader/Chief Technologist Barry Hooper Technical Leaders: Clare Anderson, Trent Harkin, Barry Hooper Aim: This project comprises activities led by the Chief Technologist covering engineering development/ process integration and commercialisation activities for centre IP (3.9.1/2.6), ANLEC Science Leaders role (3.9.2) and an Executive advisory role to the CEO shown as Chief Technologist (3.9.3).

3.9.1 (2.6): Engineering Development/Process Integration Research Objectives:

›› To provide integration between

research and practical engineering application for large scale plant

Work Packages: Technology Overview & Implementation Research Objectives: To identify the implementation pathways for all four technologies including a strategic view of the strengths and weaknesses of the respective separation technologies, the most promising markets for each and the key enablers required to make a separation technology commercially attractive.

UNO MK 3

›› To incorporate cost reducing

Research Objectives: This work package deals with the large scale engineering development of the UNO MK 3 process leading to commercialisation.

›› To provide engineering and technical

Highlights:

engineering aspects to capture technologies, particularly through the use of process and heat integration and novel equipment concepts support to the core research program aiding in the practical direction of capture research

›› Drive commercialisation of CO2CRC IP.

The activities are organised in work packages, a number of which are listed below outlining 2012–13 highlights.

›› Patent review and support for all UNO IP

›› Completed Comparative Life Cycle Assessment between UNO MK 3 and MEA

›› Completed Engineering Design and

Preliminary Costing for the following UNO MK 3 Process applications

––

90% Capture of CO2 emissions from 550 MW of Black Coal Power Generation (New Build)

––

25, 50, 75 and 90% Capture of CO2 emissions from 350 MW of Black Coal Power Generation (Retrofit)

›› UNO Expression of Interest

––

25, 50, 75 and 90% Capture of CO2 emissions from 500 MW of Brown Coal Power Generation (Retrofit)

›› Operations and project input to UNO

––

85% Capture of CO2 emissions from 400 MW of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (Retrofit)

›› Provide direction for UNO MK 3 development process

documentation produced for external investor interest–technical support for process throughput year BCIA/ANLEC projects

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Significant development work on gas turbine applications including retrofit of open cycle and closed cycle configurations

Retrofit Pathways Research Objectives: To identify the potential for cost reductions using CCS retrofits. To identify risk reduction opportunities for the commercialisation of CCS by assessing the potential for stage wise introduction of CCS consistent with eventual full scale CO2 capture in both coal and natural gas applications. Highlights:

›› Development of retrofit workshop

outcomes in association with engineering developments. Journal articles prepared across all fossil fuel types including economics

›› Significant development work on gas turbine applications including retrofit of open cycle and closed cycle configurations

›› NGCC process simulations models

without capture, with UNO MK 1 capture and with UNO MK 3 capture

›› Studies on black coal and

benchmarking UNO MK 3 against US DOE recent report

Hybrid Capture Technologies Research Objectives: To evaluate the cost reduction potential of using a range of hybrid capture systems utilising all practical configurations of CO2CRC separation research pathways. Highlights:

›› Large scale engineering design with costing for adsorbent/UNO MK 3 hybrid PCC processes

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

PhD Program–Process Integration Research Leader: Assoc. Prof Andrew Hoadley, Monash University Research Objectives/Activities

›› Two PhD students progressing CCS

process integration work in the areas of;

––

Hybrids and novel separations (membranes and adsorbents)

––

Integration of renewables with CCS (with a particular focus on natural gas-fired applications)

3.9.2 ANLEC R&D Science Leader role (Barry Hooper) Research Objectives/Activities

›› Contributed to the development

of ANLEC R&D Science Leaders interests and reviewed research proposals submitted to the ANLEC R&D Alternatives and Fundamentals Research program

›› Negotiated additional funding for

UNO Development activities linked to Science Leader role – delivery against project milestones

3.9.3 Chief Technologist role (Barry Hooper) Research Objective: The provision of technical support and advice to the CEO for the development of CO2CRC and CCS in Australia.

›› Supported plans and discussions for next round of research activities

›› Attended National CCS Council

meeting in CEO’s stead as required

›› Developed CSLF research material ›› Support for CarbonNet EIF submission

›› Representing CO2CRC in

development of CCS standards – international standards review

›› identify and develop commercially aware CO2CRC researchers;

›› develop commercial relationships

Utilisation and Commercialisation The CO2CRC Commercialisation and Utilisation Plan was approved by the Department of Education, Science and Training in May 2005 and released in June 2005. The strategic intents for commercialisation were subsequently reviewed at CO2CRC Executive workshops held in July 2005 and January 2006. CO2CRC commercialises and utilises its intellectual property through CO2TECH. The strategies are to:

›› build on current CO2CRC

opportunities, especially consultancy contracts;

›› develop a clear and workable

set of protocols to manage commercialisation processes;

›› inform CO2CRC researchers and

management of commercialisation protocols and processes through internal communications and commercialisation workshops;

›› develop a peak-loading strategy for

consultancy work using international consortia and researchers who can move between projects;

including links with other international geosequestration and carbon capture and storage (CCS) research and development organisations;

›› protect and preserve project intellectual property; and

›› regularly review the

Commercialisation Plan.

The ongoing tasks are to:

›› continue to expand the carbon

capture and storage consultancy activities;,

›› establish links and partnerships

with international R&D agencies and companies with the aim of developing capacity;

Activities during the year included commercial-in-confidence technical work, feasibility studies, economic modelling and due-diligence work for government.

Activities in the reporting period.

2. CO2TECH manages all CO2CRC patents and trademarks and at 30 June 2013 has four families of patents, all of which are supporting breakthroughs in new capture technologies and processes. In addition CO2TECH has registered six trademarks primarily to protect CO2CRC and CO2TECH trading names and logos.

1. CO2TECH was successful in securing five new major consultancy projects for CO2CRC sponsor companies and for third parties. For the 12 month period ending June 30th 2013, CO2TECH generated gross fees totalling $407,000 and a gross margin of 27% before general expenses and disbursements.

3. CO2CRC continues to refine the software for its Publications Tracking System. This is a very important tool that enables CO2TECH to manage IP issues, including copyright ownership, and provides publishers and conference organisers with formal licences to publish or reproduce CO2CRC publications.

›› maintain and update the IP register; and

›› always achieve requisite

Commonwealth Agreement milestones.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

SME Engagement CO2CRC continues to collaborate with Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in both capture and storage and has been instrumental in providing access to new opportunities for these enterprises. CO2CRC has developed a close working relationship with WES Group that has an innovative contactor technology that complements CO2CRC’s UNO technology. Both parties are benefitting from the collaboration, both in the technical and research arenas but also in the area of marketing and promotion. CO2CRC also has a close working relationship with the Process Group, a SME engineering company which has assisted in building the new pilot plant facilities at Hazelwood power station for CO2CRC.

Collaboration CO2CRC actively collaborated with all its core research parties, including CSIRO, Geoscience Australia, Curtin University of Technology, Monash University, the University of Adelaide, the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales, the University of Queensland and the New Zealand Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, during the reporting period. Simon Fraser University, Canada; the US Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Korean Institute of Geology and Minerals (KIGAM) collaborated closely with CO2CRC in work at the Otway Project site during the reporting period. The Otway Project continues to provide excellent opportunities for collaboration between our research providers. This is recognised by a growing number of international research and government organisations who are actively pursuing opportunities to visit and work with our researchers on the Otway Project. CO2CRC encourages international

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

exchange of researchers to promote collaboration and this is detailed in the International Collaborations section. Similarly CO2CRC is collaborating in overseas projects. CO2CRC researchers, managers and its participants come together annually for the CO2CRC Symposium. This year the Symposium was held at Coolum on the Sunshine Coast. The aim of the Symposium is to provide further opportunities for discussing the research undertaken by CO2CRC. This direct interaction between researchers and participants builds a sense of community with researchers and participants.

Collaborations between researcher participants and end-user participants Over the past six months the Otway Project Stage 2B activities provided an important focus for researchers and end-user participants. A steady influx of visitors to the site, combined with 24 hour operations over many weeks, meant that collaborators were able to contribute directly in a very practical way to the research work. The experience obtained at Nirranda South is contributing directly to the development of Flagship proposals such as the Collie Southwest Hub and the CarbonNet Project.

Collaborations between end-user participants CO2CRC worked with end-user participants over the past 12 months to develop an accompanying $51.6 million EIF bid for research infrastructure in support of the CarbonNet CCS Flagship Project in Victoria. This submission was approved by the EIF Board in February 2013 and CO2CRC is currently negotiating the required Funding Agreement with DIICCSRTE.

External linkages and their contribution to the CRC In addition to those linkages mentioned above with our international members and collaborators, CO2CRC has a number of other linkages including:

›› The International Energy Agency

Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG)

––

CO2CRC undertook studies on CO2 storage for the IEAGHG during the reporting period

›› Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF)

––

The CO2CRC Otway Project is a formally endorsed CSLF Project.

––

CO2CRC is leading an international task force for CSLF on identifying and closing the technology gaps for CCS

›› CO2CRC also has a network of

international linkages established through its consulting arm and its training programs, particularly with countries including Canada, UK, Ireland, Sweden, Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Brazil and South Africa. Some of these countries are building their own capability in CCS and are drawing on CO2CRC knowledge. Some of the training and consulting activities associated with these linkages is supported by the Global CCS Institute.

Other activities During the reporting period the CO2CRC undertook a number of activities outside of those specified in the Commonwealth Agreement, in the form of commercial contracts through CO2TECH for Australian and overseas organisations in the area of geological storage of CO2 and CCS economics.

End-user involvement and CRC impact on end-users CO2CRC offers consultancy and other contract services through its commercial arm CO2TECH. The activities consist of commercial-inconfidence CCS technical services for industry, pre-competitive site characterisation and storage capacity estimates for industry and government

and education and training services, all provided on a fee-for-services basis. The end-users are mostly third parties in Australia and overseas. CO2TECH is able to staff its contracts by seconding researchers from within CO2CRC, and by contracting services through collaboration agreements with organisations such as GNS Science, British Geological Survey and Alberta Innovates. The benefits for end-users are outlined in the table; in addition there are benefits for CO2CRC researchers in being able to work on project-specific tasks which helps enhance their CCS knowledge and expertise.

End-user Involvement in CRC Activities: Key projects End-user name

Relationship with CRC

Type of activity and end-user location

Nature / scale of Actual or expected benefits to end-user benefit to end-user

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd

Industry participant

Provision of technical services as part of the Gorgon project in WA

Access to CO2CRC researchers to enable the company to undertake a specific expert task

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for Chevron because of their high level of technical expertise

Korea National Oil Corporation

Government

Technical Services

Access to expert researchers to enable the company to undertake a geosequestration study of an offshore basin

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for KNOC because of their high level of technical expertise and their international reputations

CCS Nova Scotia

Government

Technical Services

Access to CO2CRC researchers to enable CCS Nova Scotia to undertake a carbon capture and storage feasibility study

The input of CO2CRC researchers was important for CCS Nova Scotia because of their high level of technical expertise and their international reputations

IEA Environmental Projects Ltd

International Research and Development organisation

Contract research: The process of developing a CO2 test injection: Experience to date and best practice carried out in Australia

Access to expert The study contributed to the researchers via a IEAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ongoing UK program competitive tender process of R&D in carbon capture and storage

EH funded FP7 project Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage (RISCS)

Access to expert researchers

British Geological Research Survey Collaborator

Utilisation of CO2CRC researchers to provide peer review services

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

the panel was impressed by what they found and concluded that CO2CRC is undertaking innovative research that offers value to its members and takes a collaborative approach to the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through carbon capture and storage

Performance Review Awards Professor Moses Tade was awarded a John Curtin Distinguished Professorship in 2012 for distinguished research contributions in Chemical Engineering and research leadership. Dr Colin Scholes received a Victoria Fellowship which will allow him to travel to the University of Regina in Canada in the second half of 2013 to undertake collaborative research on the use of membrane contactors for carbon capture. Dr Colin Scholes received a 2012 Young Tall Poppy Award for Victoria for his work in Climate Change Mitigation. Charles Jenkins was appointed a full Editor for the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. Kathryn Mumford was awarded a 2012 Australia China Emerging Future Leaders in Low Emissions Coal Technology Fellowship.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

A CRC Program performance review of CO2CRC was conducted during in May 2013. The review’s report stated that the panel was impressed by what they found and concluded that CO2CRC is undertaking innovative research that offers value to its members and takes a collaborative approach to the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through carbon capture and storage. The panel’s recommendations were aimed mostly at refining CO2CRC organisational structures, improving the education and training program, and adapting commercialisation and intellectual property strategies in order to maximise the Centre’s legacy and its prospects for the successful adoption of its research outcomes as it approaches its transition from the CRC Program.

When considering the recommendations, the Board acknowledged the value of all the recommendations and that it would be pleased to implement the recommended changes. However, two recommendations, specifically recommendation 2 (that the Board appoint an additional independent member) and recommendation 4 (that the Board appoint an Operations Manager or Deputy CEO), while worthwhile would not be implemented until the future of CO2CRC becomes clearer–this was both a funding and a strategic decision. Overall, it is expected that the Centre will undergo significant organisational change and at this time such additional appointments would be considered.

Review recommendations Recommendation

Implemented (y / n)

Reasons why not implemented

Strategies to implement

The Panel recommends that all CRC directors obtain relevant Australian Institute of Company Directors qualifications.

The Board endorses the sentiment of continuing professional development.

The Board is elected from the CO2CRC membership and as such represents a diverse and highly skilled and experienced skills base – ref. list of directors

Both the company secretary and the CEO are graduates of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, others have a range of other director related qualifications and experience.

The panel recommends that the Board appoint an additional independent member with the appropriate skills and experience to serve the particular needs of the CRC (for example, intellectual property and commercialisation)

This recommendation is to be considered when members elect new directors at the November Annual General Meeting.

Skills related to commercialisation will be sought when new directors are elected through the annual board elections.

The panel recommends that the CRC more clearly define the roles of its Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist.

In progress

The panel recommends that the CRC appoint an Operations Manager or Deputy CEO, to whom a large portion of the CRC’s personnel could report.

Should CO2CRC be successful in attracting continued funding the senior management structure will be reviewed during which the role of an Operations Manager or Deputy CEO will be considered.

Funding is not available for an additional executive level position

The management structure is and will continue to be reviewed to ensure it is aligned to the needs of the new program post-2014/15

The panel recommends that the CRC implement systems to track the impact of its research publications.

CO2CRC has initiated a project that will develop the plan for “data legacy”—this will be an essential part of the ‘transition plan’.

CO2CRC has an in-house publications tracking system (PTS). This is being reviewed with amendments to enable a better delivery of publications to members.

In addition to the PTS CO2CRC is a member of CrossRef which allows digital tagging of publications.

Yes The panel recommends that the CRC devolve the research components of Research Program 3 back into Research Program 1 and 2.

The roles of Chief Scientist and Chief Technologist are being reviewed, particularly as CO2CRC transitions to a new structure beyond 2015.

This is planned as part of the next ‘variation’ to the Commonwealth Agreement.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Recommendation

Implemented (y / n)

Reasons why not implemented

Strategies to implement

Yes The panel recommends that the CRC implement systems to ensure students graduate with broad training and experience, appropriate for and relevant to industry (e.g. intellectual property, commercialisation, presentation and writing skills, networking).

CO2CRC strives to work closely with partner universities and with students with the aim of providing courses not already provided by the universities or to add value to courses that are provided. The CO2CRC annual Symposium is also aimed at providing opportunity for a broader experience.

The panel recommends that the CRC recruit industry co-supervisors for its PHD students.

Yes

While there are limitations as supervisors must meet university requirements in terms of experience and relevant research training skills, where possible CO2CRC encourages and supports cosupervision as appropriate, not necessarily as co-supervisors rather as engagement in industry related research and technology, then through that engagement with industry personnel.

The panel recommends that the Board clarify the role and mandate of CO2TECH.

Yes – in progress

This is already underway in line with the ‘beyond 2015 transition plan’.

The panel recommends that the CRC request of the Victorian State Government a special exemption to operate the Otway Project on a feefree lease.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

The Victorian State Government has been a major supporter of CO2CRC both in terms of funding for Otway and for the Capture demonstration plants. The only fees paid to Victoria are the annual license fees for the two tenements, a total of $25,000. We are optimistic that Victoria will continue to support the demonstration projects in CO2CRC beyond 2015 and recognise that they may prefer this way rather than making a distortion/ waiver in what would be strict tenement regulation processes.

Glossary of Terms AAPG ACA

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Australian Coal Association

ANLEC R&D Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research & Development APEC APPEA

ASEG

CRC

Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists

Nitrogen

NOx

Nitrogen Oxides

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

NPC

National People’s Congress

CSG

Coal Seam Gas

NSW

New South Wales

CSLF

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

New Zealand

PAC

DoE

US Department of Energy

Program Advisory Committee

PIRSA

ETIS

Victorian Government Energy Technology Innovation Strategy

Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia

QRA

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

RET

Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism

R&D

Research and Development

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association

Cooperative Research Centre

Geoscience Australia

GCCSI

Global CCS Institute

GEODISCTM Geological Disposal of Carbon Dioxide GHG

Greenhouse Gas

ARI

Alberta Research Innovates

GIS

Geographic Information System

South Australia

ASP

Australian School of Petroleum (University of Adelaide)

GNS

GNS Science, New Zealand

SMEs

Small and Medium sized Enterprises

IEA

BBN

Bayesian Belief Network

International Energy Agency

SOx

Sulphur Oxides

BCIA

Brown Coal Innovation Australia

IEAGHG

United Kingdom

UNSW

CCS

Carbon Capture and Storage

International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Program

University of New South Wales

Intellectual Property

CEO

Chief Executive Officer

KIGAM

University of Queensland

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources

United States (of America)

CO2CRC

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies

CO2TECH

CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd

CPPL

CO2CRC Pilot Project Limited

KPIs

Key Performance Indicators

LDH

Layer Double Hydroxide

MCA

Minerals Council of Australia

M&V

Monitoring and Verification

VSA Vacuum-Swing Adsorption VSP

Vertical Seismic Profile

Western Australia

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Publications

Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4173. 34pp.

General Reports, non-refereed papers & communications

Hussain,F , Cinar, Y and Michael, K, 2013. Impacts of Surat Basin Geological Storage on Groundwater Flow (Generic and Wandoan Area Simulations. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4161.

Dulfer,H, Tenthorey, E and Nicol, A, 2013. Quantification of polygonal faulting patterns in the Bonaparte Basin: Implications for subsurface storage of carbon dioxide. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4268. Watson, M, Cinar, Y, Dance, T, Pevzner, R, Tenthorey, E, Caspari, E, Ennis-King, J, Shulakova, V, Bunch, M, Urosevic, M, Singh, R, Gurevich, B, Paterson, L, Jenkins, C, Hortle, A and Raab, M, 2013. Otway Stage 2C Science Report Submission to the Victorian Environment Protection Authority (EPA). Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number |RPT13-4244. de Caritat, P, 2013. CO2CRC Otway Project: Groundwater monitoring and baseline determination Fieldwork Program 4-9 March 2013 Completion Report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4242. Dance, T, Urosevic, M, Hortle, A, Cinar, Y and Sharma,S, 2013. Well Proposal: Carbon Dioxide Injection Well CRC-2. The CO2CRC Otway Project: STAGE 2A . Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4177. Pearce, J, Golding, S, Frank, A and Kirste, D, 2013. SOX, O2 and NOX Co-contaminant Impacts on Geological Carbon Storage. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas

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Aldous, R, 2013. Australian CCS R and D strategy. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT13-4158. Qader, A, Stevens, G, Harkin, T, Rabindran, A, Wiley, D, Ho, M, Hooper, B and Hoadley, A, 2012. Interim Nov-Dec 2012 Report for BCIA on CO2CRC-IPRH UNO MK3 Capture Project. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4130. Lim, J, Aguiar, A, Dumee,L, Stevens, G, Scholes, C, Kentish, S and Wiley, D, 2012. Cost-effective membrane technologies for carbon dioxide capture -membrane processes for amine contaminant removal: Second report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4128. Tenthorey, E, Dance, T, Strand,J and Cinar, Y, 2012. Paaratte Formation Fault Modelling for Stage 2C Injection. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4125. Jenkins, C, 2012. Monitoring shale gas operations. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4124. 4pp.

Pevzner, R, Caspari, E, Galvin, R and Gurevich, B, 2012. Otway project Stage 2C: Modelling seismic response. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4123. Anderson, C, Harkin, T and Hooper, B, 2012. CO2CRC Symposium 2012 Capture Workshopâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Upscaling Your Technology. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4121. Goleby,B.R, Lumley,D, Sherlock,D, McKenna,J and Lueth,S, 2012. 2011 Stage 2C Seismic Assurance Review. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4104. Liu, J and Wang,J, 2012. Caprock Sealing Efficiency: A Critical Review on the Role of Coupled Processes. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4085. Haese, R, Frank,A, Grigorescu,M, Horner, K, Kirste, D, McKillop,M and Tenthorey,E, 2012. Data and samples supporting the study of geochemical impacts and monitoring of CO2 storage in low salinity aquifers. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT124019. 13pp. Cinar, Y, Ennis-King, J and Paterson, L, 2012. The CO2CRC Otway Project Stage 2C Dynamic Modelling: Final Report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4007. Gerstenberger, M, Nicol, A, Bromley,C, Carne,R, Chardot,L, Ellis,S, Jenkins, C, Siggins, A, Tenthorey, E and Viskovic,P, 2012. Induced seismicity

and its implications for CO2 storage risk. IEAGHG, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-4001. Steeper, T, 2012. CO2CRC Otway Project Community Perceptions Research–Qualitative/Quantitative Findings. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3862. Peampermpool, R, Barifcani, A, Tade, M and Qader, A, 2012. CO2 Freezing Point Shifter for IGCC Process Gases after Cryogenic Separation with an Energy Saving Scheme. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3822. 12pp. Black, J and Haese, R, 2012. Mineral Dissolution Experiments: GaMin’11 Interlab Round Robin Results. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3839. Pearce, J, Biddle, D, Golding, S, Dawson, G and Rudolph, V, 2012. Implementation of a Reaction Rig for CO2-SOx-O2-Brine-Rock Interaction Experiments. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3804. 22pp. Singh, R, 2012. Monitoring Report to Victorian EPA. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3795. 9pp. Shulakova, V, Pevzner, R, Dupuis, C, Urosevic, M and Singh, R, 2012. Stage 2C: Permanent geophone array field trials. Data acquisition and analysis. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3775.

Chaffee, A, Chowdhury, M, Tang, W and Webley, P, 2012. Large scale cost reduction through adsorption based oxygen generation technology: ANLEC Report 2. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3758. Higgs, K, Golding, S, Schacht, U and Ward,V, 2012. Project 1.5 Natural Analogues for CO2 Storage: Examples from international natural analogue sites. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3735. Singh, R, 2012. Operations Closeout Report Geophone Array Field Trial. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3688. 12pp. Teh ChiiJyh,N, Pack, D and Barifcani, A, 2012. CO2 Transmission Pipeline Transportation Study. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3664. Singh, R, 2012. Pre Startup Audit/ Review–Seismic Trial Experiment. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT-12-3569 Field, B, Bachu,S, Bunch, M, Holloway,S and Richardson,R, 2012. Interaction of CO2 storage with subsurface resources. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3562. 93pp. Daniel, R, Menacherry,S and Bunch, M, 2012. A Petrographic Characterisation of the lower Paaratte Formation (CRC2), Otway Basin, Victoria. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3560.

CO2CRC, 2012. A review of existing best practice manuals for carbon dioxide storage and regulation. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3552. Anderson, C, Ho, M, Harkin, T and Hooper, B, 2012. The UNO MK 3 Process–Large Scale Engineering Development to June 2012. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3548. Daniel, R, Menacherry,s and Bunch, M, 2012. Characterisation of Dolomitic Intraformational Barriers, CRC-2B Injection Interval, Paaratte Formation, CO2CRC Otway Project, Otway Basin, Victoria. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3532. 84pp. Schacht, U, Jenkins, C and Boreham, C, 2012. Appendix to RPT12-3442: Soil Gas Assurance Monitoring: CO2CRC Otway Project 2009-2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3530. Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2012. Economic Evaluation of Pre and PostCombustion Capture at CO2CRC Mulgrave and H3 Capture Projects. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3515. Berko, H and Feitz, A, 2012. Ginninderra Controlled Release Facility: Installation Report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3511. Anderson, C and Hooper, B, 2012. The UNO MK 3 Process – Byproduct Production. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3494. Dance, T, Arnot, M, Bunch, M, Daniel, R, Hortle, A, Lawrence, M and Ennis-King, J, 2012. Geocharacterisation and Static Modelling of the lower Paaratte Formation. CO2CRC Otway Project– Phase II . Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3481. Schacht, U, Jenkins, C and Boreham, C, 2012. Soil Gas Assurance Monitoring: CO2CRC Otway Project 2009-2011. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3442. Webley, P, Chowdhury, M, Tang, W, Chaffee, A and Wiley, D, 2012. Large scale cost reduction through adsorption based oxygen generation technology: ANLEC Report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3416. Peampermpool, R, Barifcani, A, Tade, M and Qader, A, 2012. Selection of promoters of hydrate formation for CO2 capture from IGCC Shell flue gas. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3376. Chen, V, Li, H and Dong, G, 2011. Evaluation of CO2 Capture with High Performance Hollow Fiber Membranes from Flue Gas –State of art report. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3363. 30pp. Ho, M, Allinson, G, Neal, P, Fimbres Weihs, G, Wiley, D, Richards,M and McKee,G, 2012. CO2CRC CCS Economic Methodology and Assumptions. Cooperative 56

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Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT12-3490. Paterson,L et al, 2011. The CO2CRC Otway stage 2B residual saturation and dissolution test–Report to ANLEC 2011 . Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, Canberra, Australia, CO2CRC Publication Number RPT11-3158. Haese, R, 2012. Field test on CO2 storage capacity successfully completed. AusgeoNews (Geoscience Australia)

Journal papers Field, B, Bachu,S, Basava-Reddi,M, Bunch, M, Funnell, R, Holloway,S and Richardson,R, 2012. Interaction of CO2 with subsurface resources. Energy Procedia,. Jenkins, C, 2013. Statistical aspects of monitoring and verification. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 13, pp. 215-229. Dong, G, Li, H and Chen, V, 2012. Challenges and opportunities for mixedmatrix membranes for gas separation. Journal paper, First published on the web 09 Jan 2013 . Halim, A, Gurr, P, Blencowe,A, Kentish, S and Qiao, G, 2012. Synthesis and Self-assembly of Polyimide/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Brush Triblock Copolymers. Journal paper, vol. 54 (2), pp. 520-529. Azizi, E and Cinar, Y, 2013. Approximate Analytical Solutions for CO2 Injectivity into Saline Formations. SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, SPE-165575-PA. Thee, H, Suryaputradinata,Y.A, Mumford, K, Smith, K, Da Silva, G, Kentish, S and Stevens, G, 2012. A Kinetic and Process Modeling Study of CO2 Capture with MEA-Promoted Potassium Carbonate Solutions.

Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 210, pp. 271-279. DOI: 10.1016/j. cej.2012.08.092. La Force, T, 2012. insight from analytical solutions for improved simulation of miscible WAG flooding in 1D. Computational Geoscience, vol. 16 (4), pp. 1007-1020. Lee, S, Stevens, G and Kentish, S, 2013. Facilitated transport behaviour of humidified gases through thin-film composite polyamide membranes for carbon dioxide capture. Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 429, pp. 349-354. Tenthorey, E, Vidal-Gilbert, S, Backe, G, Puspitasari,R, John, Z, Maney,B and Dewhurst,D, 2013. Modelling the Geomechanics of Gas Storage: A Case Study from the Iona Gas Field, Australia. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 13, pp. 138-148. Noble, R, Stalker, L, Wakelin,S, Pejcic,B, Leybourne,M, Hortle, A and Michael, K, 2012. Biological monitoring for carbon capture and storage–A review and potential future developments. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 10, pp. 520-535. Chen, G, Scholes, C, Doherty,C, Qiao, G and Kentish, S, 2012. The thickness dependence of Matrimid films in water vapor permeation. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 209, pp. 301-312. Shang, J, Li, G, Singh, R, Gu,Q, Nairn,K, Bastow,T, Medhekar,N, Doherty,C, Hill,A, Liu,J and Webley, P, 2012. Discriminative Separation of Gases by a “Molecular Trapdoor” Mechanism in Chabazite Zeolites. J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol. 134 (46), pp. 19246-19253. Cook, P, 2012. Introduction. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. Special Publication Chen, G, Scholes, C, Doherty,C.M, Hill,A.J, Qiao, G and Kentish, S, 2012.

Modelling of the sorption and transport properties of water vapor in polyimide membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 409 (410), pp. 96-104. Dumee, L, 2012. Purification of aqueous amine solvents used in post combustion CO2 capture: A review. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 10, pp. 443-455. Green, C and Ennis-King, J, 2012. Spatial grid correction of numerical simulation results of carbon dioxide dissolution in saline aquifers. Transport in Porous Media, vol. 16 (4), pp. 1153-1161. de Caritat, P, Hortle, A, Raistrick,M, Stalvies, C and Jenkins, C, 2012. Monitoring groundwater flow and composition at a demonstration site for carbon dioxide storage in a depleted natural gas reservoir: the CO2CRC Otway project. Applied Geochemistry, Article In Press. Available online 16 May 2012. Noble, R, Stalker, L, Wakelin, S, Pejcic, B, Leybourne, M, Hortle, A and Michael, K, 2012. Biological monitoring for carbon capture and storage–A review and potential future developments. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 23, pp. 439-448. Xiao, J, Xiao, P, Lee, S and Webley, P, 2012. CO2 capture at elevated temperatures by cyclic adsorption processes. Energy and Environmental Science Journal, vol. 2 (12), pp. 52915297. doi:10.1039/C2RA20174G. Bunch, M, 2012. Gauging geological characterisation for CO2 storage: the Australasian experience so far. . . Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Special Issue on Australian CO2 Geological Storage. Wappel, D, Joswig, S, Khan, A, Smith, K, Kentish, S, Shallcross, D and Stevens, G, 2011. The solubility of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in an aqueous solution of potassium

carbonate. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 5 (2011), pp. 1454-1459. Harkin, T, Hoadley, A and Hooper, B, 2012. Optimisation of power stations with carbon capture plants–the tradeoff between costs and net power. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 34, pp. 98-109. Varma, S, Underschultz, J, Giger, S, Field, B, Hodgkinson, J, Roncaglia, L and Hilditch, D, 2012. CO2 Geosequestration Potential in the Northern Perth Basin, Western Australia . Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 1 (22). Zhao, X, Liu, N, Wang, Y, Fei, W and Stevens, G, 2011. Study on the Mechanism and Energy Consumption of CO2 Regeneration Process by Membrane Electrolysis . Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50 (14), pp. 8620-8631.

Other published conference papers & proceedings La Force, T, Ennis-King, J and Paterson, L, 2012. Magnitude and duration of temperature changes in geological storage of carbon dioxide. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Kuske, T, Jenkins, C, Zegelin, S, Mollah,M and Feitz, A, 2012. Atmospheric tomography as a tool for quantification of CO2 emissions from potential surface leaks: Signal processing workflow for a low accuracy sensor array. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012 Gerstenberger, M, Christophersen, A, Buxton, R, Allinson, G, Hou, W, Leamon,G and Nicol, A, 2012. Integrated Risk Assessment for CCS. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012.

Woods,M, Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2012. Pathways for deploying CCS at Australian power plants. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Neal, P, Cinar, Y and Allinson, G, 2012. An integrated economic and engineering assessment of opportunities for CO2 injection with water production in South-East Queensland, Australia. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Paterson, L, Boreham, C, Bunch, M, Dance, T, Ennis-King, J, Freifeld, B, Haese, R, Jenkins, C, La Force, T, Raab, M, Singh, R, Stalker, L and Zhang, Y, 2012. Overview of the CO2CRC Otway residual saturation and dissolution test.In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Wang, Z, Cardenas,G, Fimbres Weihs, G and Wiley, D, 2012. Optimal pipeline design with increasing CO2 flow rates. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Kaldi, J, Daniel, R, Tenthorey, E, Michael, K, Schacht, U, Nicol, A, Underschultz, J and Backe,G, 2012. Containment of CO2 in CCS: Role of Caprocks and Faults. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Allinson, G, Hou, W, Azizi, E, Neal, P, Cinar, Y, Kaldi, J and Paterson, L, 2012. Illustrating the estimation of CO2 storage capacity for a hypothetical injection site. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22November 2012. Zhang, Y, Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2012. Investigating flexible carbon capture opportunities in the Australian electricity market. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Azizi, E and Cinar, Y, 2012. A new mathematical model for predicting CO2 injectivity. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012.

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Lebedev, M, Mikhaltsevitch, V, Bilenko,O, Dance, T, Pervukhina,M and Gurevich, B, 2013. Experimental laboratory study on the acoustic response of sandstones during injection of supercritical CO2 on CRC2 sample from Otway basin Australia. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Khorshidi, Z, Ho, M and Wiley, D, 2012. Techno-economic study of biomass co-firing with and without CO2 capture in an Australian black coalfired power plant. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Azizi, E, Cinar, Y, Allinson, G and Michael, K, 2013. A new tool to predict injection well numbers for a total injection rate and given formation properties.In: Energy Procedia, GHGT11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Anderson, C, Harkin, T, Ho, M, Mumford, K, Qader, A, Stevens, G and Hooper, B, 2012. Developments in the CO2CRC UNO MK 3 Process: A Multi-component Solvent Process for Large Scale CO2 Capture. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Quyn, D, Rayer,A, Gouw,J, Indrawan,I, Mumford,K, Anderson, C, Hooper, B and Stevens, G, 2012. Results from a pilot plant using un-promoted potassium carbonate for carbon capture. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. IEA Greenhouse Gas R and D Programme. Steeper, T, 2012. CO2CRC Otway Project social research: assessing CCS community consultation. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Gordon, L, Myers,R, Cao,L, Provis,J and vanDeventer,J, 2012. The effect of chemical attack on the three dimensional porosity of alkali activated system. In: Microdurability 2012,Amsterdam April, 11-13, 2012

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Scholes, C, Anderson, C, Stevens, G and Kentish, S, 2012. Membrane gas separation: physical solvent absorption combined plant simulations for pre-combustion capture. In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012. Tan, J, Cinar, Y and Allinson, G, 2013. Enhanced Recovery and CO2 Storage in Bottomwater Drive Gas Reservoirs. In: Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium IV, Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, 11-14 September 2012. PESA. Fimbres Weihs, G, Ho, M, Massoudi,A and Wiley, D, 2012. Simplifying the methods for optimising CCS pipeline networks. In: The Third International Forum on Transportation of CO2 by Pipeline, The Third International Forum on Transportation of CO2 by Pipeline, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 20-21 June 2012. Clarion/Tiratsoo Technical (a division of Great Southern Press), Clarion. San Nicolas, R and Provis, J, 2013. Interfacial transition zone in alkaliactivated slag concrete. In: 12th International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC, 30 Octoberâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;1 November 2012. ACI, USA. Cook, P, 2012. Learning by doing:the CO2CRC Otway Project. In: Geological Society of London Field, B, Bachu,S, Basava-Reddi,M, Bunch, M, Faltinson,J, Funnell, R, Holloway,S and Richardson,R, 2012. Interaction of CO2 with subsurface resources.In: Energy Procedia, GHGT-11, Kyoto, Japan, 18-22 November 2012.

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0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.0

Actual

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.5

0.0

0.5

Agr’mt

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

1.1

0.0

1.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

Diff

-71.4

0.0

-71.4

-33.3

0.0

-33.3

157.1

0.0

157.1

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.4

0.0

0.4

2.1

0.0

2.1

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

1.1

0.0

1.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

Diff

-50.0

0.0

-50.0

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

110.0

0.0

110.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 0.1

0.2

0.0

TOTAL

1.0

TOTAL

1.0

4.6

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

CSIRO

0.0

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Support Staff

1.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia Pty Ltd)

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

1.4

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Actual

2009–10

Key Researcher/Manager

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.0

4.1

1.1

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.3

Actual

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2010–11

0.2

0.0

4.5

4.4

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

2.8 0.0

6.3 0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2.9

0.7

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

2012–13

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

2.8

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.0

2.5

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

2.5

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

0.0

19.5

9.4

3.5

1.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.5

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.9

0.0

0.9

Actual

0.0

9.8

2.4

2.5

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.7

0.0

0.7

Agr’mt

0.0

9.7

7.0

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.8

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

0.0

99.0

291.7

40.0

142.9

0.0

114.3

0.0

28.6

0.0

28.6

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

0.0

24.8

10.6

4.7

2.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

1.8

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

15.1

3.6

3.7

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

0.0

9.7

7.0

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.8

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

0.0

64.2

194.4

27.0

100.0

0.0

80.0

0.0

20.0

0.0

20.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

0.0

4.5

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

TOTAL

0.1

0.0

1.9

2.7

4.6

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Geoscience Australia

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.4

0.2

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

0.1

0.0

0.1

1.7

0.0

0.3

1.3

0.1

2.1

Key Researcher/Manager

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

3.6

0.7

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.2

6.6

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

TOTAL

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

4.6

2.6

1.9

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.8

3.0

0.2

6.3

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

4.2

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

6.8

0.4

3.3

2.9

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.5

0.0

3.2

3.1

0.2

9.6

0.7

0.4

9.9

0.0

9.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.0

7.1

0.0

3.7

3.2

0.2

9.9

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

4.2

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

4.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

4.2

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

3.4

0.0

0.7

2.5

0.2

4.2

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

2.3

0.0

0.7

1.5

0.1

3.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

2.3

0.0

0.7

1.5

0.1

3.5

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

25.9

5.7

16.3

3.1

0.8

0.0

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

22.1

0.0

8.4

12.9

0.8

32.4

Actual

2.5

1.4

1.1

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.5

0.0

0.5

11.9

0.0

2.4

8.8

0.7

14.7

Agr’mt

23.4

4.3

15.2

3.1

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

10.2

0.0

6.0

4.1

0.1

17.7

Diff

936.0

307.1

1,381.8

0.0

14.3

0.0

14.3

-80.0

0.0

-80.0

85.7

0.0

250.0

46.6

14.3

120.4

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

26.9

6.3

16.7

3.1

0.8

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

27.8

0.0

9.8

16.9

1.1

40.1

3.5

2.0

1.5

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

17.6

0.0

3.8

12.8

1.0

22.4

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

23.4

4.3

15.2

3.1

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

10.2

0.0

6.0

4.1

0.1

17.7

Diff

668.6

215.0

1,013.3

0.0

10.0

0.0

10.0

-80.0

0.0

-80.0

58.0

0.0

157.9

32.0

10.0

79.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 0.1

0.0

0.5

TOTAL

0.6

6.4

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology

0.3

5.2

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.3

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Monash University

0.5

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.7

0.3

3.0

0.2

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Actual

2009–10

Key Researcher/Manager

INPEX Browse Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.4

0.4

5.2

0.4

2.1

0.0

1.6

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2010–11

0.1

0.0

0.1

13.9

0.5

6.5

0.4

4.4

0.0

2.4

2.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

0.0

0.1

9.5

0.5

8.2

0.4

5.6

0.0

4.9

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

2012–13

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.3

0.5

6.0

0.4

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.4

0.5

2.5

0.2

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.4

0.5

2.5

0.2

1.1

0.0

1.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

0.3

0.0

0.3

36.2

2.0

25.1

7.6

1.5

12.6

0.0

9.4

2.5

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.3

Actual

0.7

0.0

0.7

25.6

1.8

21.0

1.4

4.2

0.0

4.2

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

Agr’mt

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

10.6

0.2

4.1

6.2

0.1

8.4

0.0

5.2

2.5

0.7

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

Diff

-57.1

0.0

-57.1

41.4

11.1

19.5

442.9

7.1

200.0

0.0

123.8

0.0

-57.1

0.0

-57.1

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

0.6

0.0

0.6

46.9

3.0

33.6

8.2

2.1

14.9

0.0

11.7

2.5

0.7

0.6

0.0

0.6

1.0

0.0

1.0

36.3

2.8

29.5

2.0

6.5

0.0

6.5

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

10.6

0.2

4.1

6.2

0.1

8.4

0.0

5.2

2.5

0.7

-0.4

0.0

-0.4

Diff

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

29.2

7.1

13.9

310.0

5.0

129.2

0.0

80.0

0.0

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

0.7

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.7

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Schlumberger Oilfield Australia Pty Ltd

0.1

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.1

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Sasol Petroleum International

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

QER Pty Ltd

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Key Researcher/Manager

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.1

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

Actual

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.3

0.0

0.3

Agr’mt

-0.8

0.0

-0.8

0.0

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

Diff

-44.4

0.0

-44.4

0.0

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

-66.7

0.0

-66.7

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.3

1.8

0.0

1.8

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

-0.8

0.0

-0.8

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

-0.2

0.0

-0.2

Diff

-44.4

0.0

-44.4

0.0

40.0

0.0

40.0

-40.0

0.0

-40.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 0.1

0.6

0.0

TOTAL

0.0

0.1

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

0.7

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.7

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

The University of Adelaide

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.7

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

0.0

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.1

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Actual

2009–10

Key Researcher/Manager

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.0

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2010–11

0.1

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.8

0.5

0.0

Actual

0.2

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

2013–14

0.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Projected Agr’mt

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2012–13

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

1.5

2.0

1.7

0.0

1.7

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.9

0.0

0.9

Actual

0.0

1.8

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.7

0.0

0.7

Agr’mt

1.5

0.2

1.0

0.0

1.0

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

0.0

11.1

142.9

0.0

142.9

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

28.6

0.0

28.6

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

1.5

3.0

1.8

0.0

1.8

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

2.8

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

1.0

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

1.5

0.2

0.8

0.0

0.8

-0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.5

0.0

-0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

Diff

0.0

7.1

80.0

0.0

80.0

-20.0

0.0

-20.0

-100.0

0.0

-100.0

20.0

0.0

20.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

1.0

7.0

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

TOTAL

6.7

TOTAL

4.9

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

University of Western Australia

4.3

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.6

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

University of New South Wales

5.7

0.5

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

0.5

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

University of Melbourne

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Total S.A.

5.3

0.0

2.3

0.0

2.0

0.0

0.3

4.2

0.3

3.5

0.4

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

3.3

0.5

2.5

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Researcher/Professional

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

0.0

5.7

0.0

5.1

0.0

0.6

7.6

0.5

6.5

0.6

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

3.6

0.5

2.8

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

13.8

0.0

8.0

5.3

0.5

21.3

0.5

14.0

6.8

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

7.2

1.0

5.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

0.6

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

17.9

0.0

15.3

1.8

0.8

37.5

0.5

34.7

1.5

0.8

0.2

0.0

0.2

7.0

1.0

4.7

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

8.2

0.5

7.0

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

6.5

1.0

5.0

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

6.0

0.5

5.0

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.6

0.1

2.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

4.5

0.0

4.0

0.0

0.5

6.0

0.5

5.0

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.6

0.1

2.0

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

0.8

0.0

0.6

0.2

0.0

42.3

0.0

32.7

7.1

2.5

73.1

2.0

60.9

9.4

0.8

1.0

0.0

1.0

24.8

3.5

17.8

Actual

1.2

0.0

1.2

0.0

15.8

0.0

14.0

0.0

1.8

28.8

1.8

24.5

2.5

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

22.8

3.5

17.5

Agr’mt

-0.4

0.0

-0.6

0.2

0.0

26.5

0.0

18.7

7.1

0.7

44.3

0.2

36.4

6.9

0.8

0.3

0.0

0.3

2.0

0.0

0.3

Diff

-33.3

0.0

-50.0

0.0

167.7

0.0

133.6

0.0

38.9

153.8

11.1

148.6

276.0

0.0

42.9

0.0

42.9

8.8

0.0

1.7

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

1.6

0.0

1.4

0.2

0.0

51.3

0.0

40.7

7.1

3.5

87.3

3.0

72.9

10.6

0.8

1.3

0.0

1.3

33.9

4.6

24.8

2.0

0.0

2.0

0.0

24.8

0.0

22.0

0.0

2.8

43.0

2.8

36.5

3.7

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

31.9

4.6

24.5

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

-0.4

0.0

-0.6

0.2

0.0

26.5

0.0

18.7

7.1

0.7

44.3

0.2

36.4

6.9

0.8

0.3

0.0

0.3

2.0

0.0

0.3

Diff

-20.0

0.0

-30.0

0.0

106.9

0.0

85.0

0.0

25.0

103.0

7.1

99.7

186.5

0.0

30.0

0.0

30.0

6.3

0.0

1.2

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 0.1

0.6

0.2

TOTAL

45.5

TOTAL

0.0

0.5

1.3

2.6

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.8

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Other Participants–Greenhouse 20080026

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

28.2

4.8

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

7.1

5.4

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.2

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Key Researcher/Manager

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.2

20.5

1.3

13.5

2.2

3.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.1

Agr’mt

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

Actual

2009–10

Key Researcher/Manager

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

6.0

3.0

1.0

0.0

2.0

45.3

4.0

28.2

5.1

8.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.0

0.5

Actual

1.2

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2010–11

0.1

6.2

0.0

5.6

0.6

87.0

2.4

47.1

31.7

5.8

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

41.0

2.4

27.4

4.3

6.9

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

9.1

1.1

0.5

0.2 0.5

0.0

6.4

0.4

39.3

2.4

27.4

4.3

5.2

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Agr’mt

1.6

0.6

107.0

2.0

87.4

11.5

6.1

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Actual

2012–13

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

39.3

2.4

27.4

4.3

5.2

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

39.3

2.4

27.4

4.3

5.2

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.2

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

25.8

1.3

18.3

2.7

3.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

25.7

1.3

18.3

2.7

3.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

23.9

4.8

7.9

7.2

4.0

284.8

13.2

190.9

53.7

27.0

0.4

0.0

0.4

1.4

0.0

1.4

Actual

4.0

1.9

0.7

0.0

1.4

141.8

8.5

95.7

15.1

22.5

0.7

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.7

Agr’mt

19.9

2.9

7.2

2.6

143.0

4.7

95.2

38.6

4.5

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

0.7

0.0

0.7

Diff

497.5

152.6

1,028.6

0.0

185.7

100.8

55.3

99.5

255.6

20.0

-42.9

0.0

-42.9

100.0

0.0

100.0

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

25.7

5.6

8.3

7.2

4.6

349.9

16.9

236.6

60.7

35.7

0.7

0.0

0.7

1.7

0.0

1.7

5.8

2.7

1.1

0.0

2.0

206.8

12.2

141.4

22.1

31.1

1.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.0

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

19.9

2.9

7.2

2.6

143.1

4.7

95.2

38.6

4.6

-0.3

0.0

-0.3

0.7

0.0

0.7

Diff

343.1

107.4

654.5

0.0

130.0

69.2

38.5

67.3

174.7

14.8

-30.0

0.0

-30.0

70.0

0.0

70.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

1.3

2.6

Support Staff

TOTAL

0.0

6.1 21.1

1.6

13.6

2.2

3.7

0.0

51.3

7.0

29.2

5.1

10.0

0.0

6.0

3.0

1.0

0.0

2.0

42.2

3.0

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.2

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

93.2

2.4

47.1

37.3

6.4

0.0

6.2

0.0

5.6

0.6

42.1

2.9

27.6

4.3

7.3

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

116.1

2.5

93.8

13.1

6.7

0.0

9.1

0.5

6.4

1.6

0.6

40.4

2.9

27.6

4.3

5.6

0.0

1.1

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.4

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

40.3

2.8

27.6

4.3

5.6

0.0

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

40.3

2.8

27.6

4.3

5.6

0.0

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.4

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

26.6

1.7

18.5

2.7

3.7

0.0

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

26.5

1.7

18.5

2.7

3.6

0.0

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

308.7

18.0

198.8

60.9

31.0

0.0

23.9

4.8

7.9

7.2

4.0

Actual

145.8

10.4

96.4

15.1

23.9

0.0

4.0

1.9

0.7

0.0

1.4

Agr’mt

For 2009–10 financial year

162.9

7.6

102.4

45.8

7.1

0.0

19.9

2.9

7.2

2.6

Diff

111.7

73.1

106.2

303.3

29.7

0.0

497.5

152.6

1,028.6

0.0

185.7

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

For 2011–12 financial year: Due to significant increase in the research activities resulting from ANLEC and BCIA projects, a higher amount of FTEs In-Kind was contributed by the participant organizations.

For 2012–13 financial year

NOTES

48.1

Support Staff

GRAND TOTAL

5.4

28.7

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

7.9

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

TOTAL STAFF IN-KIND (FTE)

TOTAL

0.0

Researcher/Professional

Support Staff

0.0

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

0.0

0.6

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.2

Key Researcher/Manager

OTHER IN-KIND RESOURCES

0.0

0.5

Key Researcher/Manager

Researcher/Professional

0.8

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Programme Leader/Senior Manager

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS

Number of Staff (FTE; 0.0)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1A (CONTINUED)

375.6

22.5

244.9

67.9

40.3

0.0

25.7

5.6

8.3

7.2

4.6

212.6

14.9

142.5

22.1

33.1

0.0

5.8

2.7

1.1

0.0

2.0

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

163.0

7.6

102.4

45.8

7.2

0.0

19.9

2.9

7.2

2.6

Diff

76.7

51.0

71.9

207.2

21.8

0.0

343.1

107.4

654.5

0.0

130.0

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia 0 Pty Ltd)

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

CSIRO

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

Geoscience Australia

INPEX Browse Ltd

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Sasol Petroleum International

QER Pty Ltd

Schlumberger Oilfield Australia Pty Ltd

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

Monash University

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

Agr’mt

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

Actual

2009–10

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

Total Non-Staff In-Kind ($’000s) (per participant)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1B

Actual

Agr’mt

2010–11

10 0

0 7

195

482

171

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

100

404

127

Actual

Agr’mt

2012–13

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

277

155

886

298

Actual

Agr’mt

277

155

886

298

Diff

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

277

155

886

298

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

277

155

886

298

Diff

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

GRAND TOTAL

Actual

150

Agr’mt

2010–11

2,950

955

1,995

281

488

150

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

2,674

889

1,785

238

671

Actual

150

Agr’mt

2012–13

150

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

150

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

5,624

1,844

3,780

519

1,159

Actual

525

Agr’mt

5,099

1,319

3,780

519

1,159

Diff

For 2009–10 financial year

971

251

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

For 2011–12 financial year: There was a significant amount of Non-Staff In-Kind contributed by the participant organisations due to increase in the research activities resulting from the additional work undertaken.

For 2012–13 financial year

NOTES

OTHER NON-STAFF IN-KIND RESOURCES

Other Participants–Greenhouse 20080026

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

University of New South Wales

University of Western Australia

Total S.A.

University of Melbourne

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

The University of Adelaide

Agr’mt

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

Actual

2009–10

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

Total Non-Staff In-Kind ($’000s) (per participant)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 1B (CONTINUED

5,624

1,844

3,780

519

1,159

825

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

4,799

1,019

3,780

519

1,159

Diff

582

124

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 125 125

125

Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd

BG International (Aus) Pty Limited

BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd

125

Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd

Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd

Stanwell Corporation Ltd

125

Sasol Petroleum International

125

QER Pty Ltd

Schlumberger Oilfield Australia Pty Ltd

NSW Department of Primary Industries trading as the Department of Industry and Investment

0 125

Institute for Geological & Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand

Monash University

125

New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology 125

400

125

Geoscience Australia

125

Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) (formerly WA Department of Industry and Resources)

INPEX Browse Ltd

125

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (QLD)

CSIRO

Curtin University (formerly Curtin University of Technology)

125

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Chevron Texaco Australia Pty Ltd)

125

BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd

Brown Coal Innovation Australia Limited

125

110

125

Agr’mt

Anglo Coal Australia Pty Ltd

ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS

Actual

2009–10

250

665

250

375

3,395

250

Actual

250

375

3,250

250

831

250

1,000

2,284

250

125

250

125

250 250

250

125

250

724

250

3,321

125

250

125

250

125

250

125

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

250

2,250

250

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

Agr’mt

2010–11

Participants Cash Contributions, Other Firm Cash and CRC Program Funding ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 2

250

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

250

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

750

625

875

625

875

750

875

500

875

750

875

2,220

875

846

1,375

9,125

735

Actual

750

625

875

625

875

750

875

750

875

750

875

5,875

750

Agr’mt

500

1,470

-29

500

3,250

-15

Diff

196

-3

-2

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

1,250

1,125

1,375

1,125

1,375

1,250

1,375

500

1,375

1,250

1,375

2,720

1,375

1,346

1,875

9,625

1,235

750

625

1,375

625

1,375

750

1,250

1,375

750

1,375

1,250

1,375

6,375

750

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

500

1,470

-29

500

3,250

485

Diff

118

-2

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13

125

4,425

Xstrata Coal Pty Ltd

TOTAL ESSENTIAL PARTICIPANTS’ CASH

11,375

12,625

4,000

2,425

6,200

250

200

2,250

6,750

1,250

5,500

250

7,750

1,550

6,200

250

200

2,250

59,032

20,806

14,550

6,256

5,126

33,100

849

3,577

813

600

1,851

47,925

15,300

14,550

750

7,025

25,600

875

600

2,875

11,107

5,506

-1,899

7,500

-26

2,702

-62

-1,024

Diff

734

-27

-3

309

-7

-36

%Diff

77,157

24,806

18,550

6,256

8,251

44,100

1,349

4,077

1,313

600

2,351

68,300

19,300

18,550

750

11,000

38,000

1,375

1,000

7,375

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

8,857

5,506

-2,749

6,100

-26

2,702

-62

-400

-5,024

Diff

734

-25

-2

197

-5

-40

-68

%Diff

Other Firm Cash includes cash carried forward fro CO2CRC Management Pty Ltd

14,000

4,000

1,875

5,500

250

Agr’mt

For 2009–10 financial year:

14,841

4,250

4,000

250

2,650

7,100

250

600

2,250

Actual

Other Firm Cash $1,634k includes: Interest 304, CO2Tech 29, CCS Summer Schools 65, Symposium 45, National CCS Week 357, Lease contribution 8, GHGT10 20, Otway Tours 3, VISA cash rebate 4, CO2Tech net 799 consultancy. Other Participants $2,144k includes: PIRSA 50, Global CCS Institute 250, KIGAM 250, BP Alternative Energy 257, Lawrence Berkley 856, Loy Yang Power 481

13,750

4,486

4,000

486

1,165

9,190

250

375

250

200

1,250

2014–15 Projected Agr’mt

For 2010–11 financial year:

14,495

4,250

4,000

250

2,000

7,500

250

2013–14 Projected Agr’mt

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

In addition to the annual contribution by the essential participants, ANLEC and BCIA contributed a significant amount of money to fund the additional research work. Other Cash $539K includes: Interest $262K, CCS School $23K, Symposium $69K, CCS Conference $100K, CO2TECH $53K Lease $18K and sundry Income $14K

14,875

4,539

4,000

539

686

9,270

250

455

250

200

250

Agr’mt

2012–13 Actual

TOTALS TO 2012–13

For 2011–12 financial year:

17,993

4,250

4,000

250

2,000

8,625

250

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

PROJECTED

Other participants incl: DRET–$615K ; Global CCS Institute–$250K ; KIGAM - $250K; PIRSA–$50K Other cash incl: CCS School–$14K ; CCS Conference - $56K; Symposium–$78K; interest–$173K; Sundry–$128K; IEAGHG Conference: $36K

5,300

5,634

4,000

1,634

2,144

10,215

250

1,050

250

200

250

Agr’mt

2010–11 Actual

ACTUAL

For 2012–13 financial year:

NOTES

11,703

TOTAL CASH

2,550

6,147

CRC Program Funding

375

2,375

3,597

TOTAL OTHER CASH

Other Cash Resources

OTHER CASH

1,131

Other Participants - Greenhouse 20080026

TOTAL OTHER PARTICIPANTS’ CASH

OTHER PARTICIPANTS

125

1,697

University of Western Australia

VIC Dept of Primary Industries

University of Melbourne

University of New South Wales

0 125

The University of Adelaide

Total S.A.

125

101

Agr’mt

Technological Resources Pty Ltd

Actual

2009–10

Participants Cash Contributions, Other Firm Cash and CRC Program Funding ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)

CO2CRC ANNUAL REPORT 2012–13 200 5,300

1,848

4,538

4,305

14,621

Supplier Expenses

Capital

Other Expenses

TOTAL EXPENSES

130

19,284

1,599

4,247

4,989

8,449

Actual

14,875

2,175

4,468

1,832

6,400

Agr’mt

2010–11

19,623

3,677

578

5,009

10,359

13,750

2,250

800

1,690

9,010

Agr’mt

2011–12 Actual

ACTUAL

15,558

1,590

488

2,385

11,095

Actual

14,000

2,800

1,400

4,200

5,600

Agr’mt

2012–13

11,375

500

1,075

1,700

8,100

12,626

2,525

1,263

3,788

5,050

Projected Agr’mt

2013–14

6,750

250

300

1,105

5,095

For 2009–10 financial year: –

7,750

1,550

775

2,325

3,100

Projected Agr’mt

2014–15

PROJECTED

For 2011–12 financial year Due to the increased level of research work and the nature of the activities, the expenditure under the various categories was higher than projection.

For 2012–13 financial year

NOTES

3,500

3,930

EMPLOYEE EXPENSES 1,470

Agr’mt

2009–10

Actual

Expenses (Accrual) ($’000s)

FINANCIAL INFORMATION—TABLE 3

69,086

11,171

9,851

14,231

33,833

Actual

47,925

7,425

6,798

9,192

24,510

Agr’mt

21,161

3,746

3,053

5,039

9,323

Diff

%Diff

TOTALS TO 2012–13

87,211

11,921

11,226

17,036

47,028

68,301

11,500

8,836

15,305

32,660

Actual/Proj Agr’mt

18,910

421

2,390

1,731

14,368

Diff

%Diff

TOTALS FOR 6 YEARS

CO2CRC participants

Core Research Participants

Industry & Government Participants

Supporting Participants

CanSyd Australia Charles Darwin University Government of South Australia Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Process Group The Global CCS Institute University of Queensland

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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GREENHOUSE GAS TECHNOLOGIES

ANNUAL REPORT 12/13