Hempire

CLIMATE DESIGN & SUSTAINABILITY

Materials 02

GENT

Lisbeth Decloedt Rostislav Krones Julie Pont Senne Van Buggenhout Lisa Van de Casteele

BASIC DATA Responsibilities Lisbeth Decloedt Sustainable Concept Rostislav Krones City Councillor Julie Pont Low Technics Senne Van Buggenhout Smart Building Lisa Van de Casteele Positive Impact + Team Manager

Building

FACTORY = 565 m² 16% • production 345 m² • storage 185 m² • office

35 m²

HOUSING • unit • collective - ‘corridor’ - room

58 m² 322 m² 280 m² 42 m²

x 30 = 1.740 m² x3 = 966 m²

PUBLIC = 315 • café 95 m² • slow traffic + education hemp 220 m²

48% 26 %

m² 10%

TABLE OF CONTENTS BASIC DATA............................................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................3 SUMMARY SCALES................................................................................................4 SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT.......................................................................................6

Why hemp in Ghent?.........................................................................................................6

CITY SCALE.............................................................................................................7

What does Hempire do for Ghent?....................................................................................7 Calculations.......................................................................................................................8

VILLAGE SCALE...................................................................................................10

Timeline...........................................................................................................................12

BUILDING SCALE..................................................................................................14

Plans...............................................................................................................................14 Sections...........................................................................................................................20 Hemp Production............................................................................................................ 24 Housing...........................................................................................................................30 Structure..........................................................................................................................34 Construction....................................................................................................................36 Ventilation........................................................................................................................38 Heating............................................................................................................................42 Cooling............................................................................................................................44 Water...............................................................................................................................46 Electricity..........................................................................................................................48 Daylight System...............................................................................................................50 Details..............................................................................................................................52 Materials..........................................................................................................................57

SUMMARY SCALES

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SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT Why hemp in Ghent?

LIFE CYCLE

ASSESSMENT

+ H 2O

Use phase

Wall

+ Shives

Hempcrete

CARBON NEGATIVE!

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Lime

CITY SCALE What does Hempire do for Ghent?

CLEANING THE CITY

INSULATING THE CITY

EDUCATING THE CITY

Industrial hemp converts CO2 to biomass through the process of photosynthesis. The amount of CO2 uptake is higher for industrial hemp than for trees! Hemp can be used as a bio sanitation tool for brownfields such as the Dampoort site. The crop can clean up the polluting metals in the ground.

We produce Hempcrete blocks wich is an insulating material. In an old city like Ghent a lot of buildings aren’t properly insulated, we have the ecological solution!

Hempcrete is a fairly unknown building material in Belgium. People immediately think of the drugrelated use of hemp. We want to show them the ecological possibilities of the crop. That’s why our factory is also an educational facility.

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CITY SCALE Calculations 64 tonnes hemp = 42% after harvest • 18.080 kg returning biomass • 8.800 kg seeds Nature / food = 58% after retting • 22.300 kg shives Materials: hempcrete • 11.150 kg fibers Mobility: clothes • 2600 kg fines Energy: biogas • 1100 kg dust

Mobility Energy

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Nature

22.300 kg shives

+ 45.000 blocks/harvest

+ 90.000 blocks/year

= 216.000 kg CO2-eq./year!!!

(CO2 emissions from transport and production included)

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VILLAGE SCALE

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VILLAGE SCALE Timeline DAY 0 Start growing hemp on village site Start foundations building Hempire DAY 30 Start concrete structure Hempire

DAY 100 Installing and weatherproofi

DAY 120 Hemp harvest Start production Hemp

DAY 13 Start b

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DAY 500 Building Hempire is finished Start insulating village

fing the production line

10 years Village is finished

p blocks (400/day)

30 building envelope building Hempire

Production line The straw goes through different processes: 1. straw processing line 2. shives cleaning installation 3. hempcrete mixer 4. molds 13

BUILDING SCALE Plans

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1:250 15

BUILDING SCALE Plans

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1:250 17

BUILDING SCALE Plans

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1:250 19

BUILDING SCALE Sections

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1:250 21

BUILDING SCALE Sections

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1:100 23

BUILDING SCALE Introduction to Industrial Hemp • cannabis sativa • cannabis indica • cannabis ruderalis There are three cannabis species. Industrial Hemp is a variant of the cannabis Sativa species. It was designed specifically for agriculture because of it’s low THC levels. Drug producing variants have THC levels starting from 10% while the THC level for Industrial Hemp is below 0.2%.

Components of the hemp plant seeds leaves stem

> core: shives > bark: bast fibres

Growing conditions • • • •

temperature for sowing rainfall soil

seed

5,5°C - 7,7°C (usually late spring, early May to early June) min. 640 - 760 mm/year pH ≥ 6.5 ± 30 - 38 kg seed/ha

Industrial Hemp is an annual plant that grows to a height of between 1.5 - 4 m. We will implement heigth control so the plants don’t grow higher than 2m. This can be controlled through a higher density of sowing. The crop will grow more or less according to the sunlight it receives. Another important ecological factor is the fact that Industrial Hemp has a high pest resistance. Therefore there’s no need for pesticides or fungicides.

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Growing process

Morphological stages Days after sowing

As you can see in the table on the right, hemp is a fastgrowing crop. This gives us the possibility to harvest two times a year.

We harvest 100 Ă 120 days after sowing. The leaves and seeds are harvested immediately. Then follows a retting process. This means that the straw is airdried on the field for a month to partially separate the bast fibre from the shiv.

Emergence of seedlings

DAY 5 - 7

First true leaves

DAY 7 - 10

Second true leaves

DAY 10 - 12

Third true leaves

DAY 12 - 15

Fourth true leaves

DAY 15 - 25

Beginning of flowering

DAY 25 - 30

Beginning of pollination

DAY 30 - 35

Peak time of pollination

DAY 40 - 45

Apparant seed formation

DAY 55

End of pollination

DAY 55 - 65

Small smell from females

Beginning DAY 50 - 60

30 - 70% mature seed

DAY 70 - 80

60 - 80% mature seed

DAY 90 - 100

Male flowers

Normally dead by day 100

Harvest time

Day 100 - 120 after sowing

The harvest 58% of the total crop can be harvested.

The other 42% biomass returns to the soil wich helps feed the following crops. We can detract 4 different parts from the retted crop.

The shives are used to produce hempcrete. The fibres and fines are transported to mobility. The dust is used by energy.

PARTS OF THE HARVEST:

SHIV FIBRE FINE DUST

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BUILDING SCALE Hempcrete mixture

H 2O 30-35 l

Shives +

32 kg

Hydraulic Lime +

Hempcrete possibilities in construction

CaCO3

25 kg

1. cast-in-situ (more cost-efficient than pre-cast systems) = load-bearing wooden frame covered in hempcrete 1. hand-placing: labour intensive 2. spray-applying: use smaller hemp shives, not longer than 20 mm 2. pre-cast 3. blocks: 4. framed panels:

large hempcrete bricks structural wooden framework filled with hempcrete

Why we prefer pre-cast over cast-in-situ:

VS • dried in the production plant wich means that finishing can be applied immediately on site.

• guaranteed level of quality.

• construction possible all year • no additives needed in mixture

• several weeks of drying before finishing can be applied.

• no quality guarantee • no construction possible in winter • lime + additive

Advantages of using Hempcrete • Hempcrete stores CO2 during the use phase of the building as a result of the chemical reactions between hemp and hydraulic lime.

• Hempcrete consists completely out of natural materials (water - hemp - lime) and adds to the general health of the people living in the building.

• Hempcrete walls are vapour permeable.

• Possible to recycle it into soft hempbased insulation material.

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Our specific rules for the village Choose your loadbearing structure We recommend a filigree structure in steel or concrete

OR

Choose your hempcrete system

in

out

in

out

1. 2 layers of hempcrete block + lime-hemp finish on both sides = most sustainable, less practible (In our building we use this system.)

2. 1 layer of hempcrete block + 1 layer of prefab timber frame filled with hempcrete + lime-hemp finisch on exposed side = less sustainable, more practical

in

out

OR

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BUILDING SCALE Hemp Production

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shaft production area straw processing line shiv processing line hempcrete production area administration and utilities storage 29

BUILDING SCALE Housing demand

GROWING SINGLE POPULATION

2 734 982 Families in Flanders

> 848 714 Single people

> 223 582 Single parents

> 1 072 296 Singles in 2015

> 39% of the population was already single in 2015

In Ghent this number is even higher (according to map)

> 40% - 50% of the population was single in 2015

Studies have shown that this percentage will go over 50 by 2030!

IMPLICATIONS

> Growing need for housing > Singles only have 1 income > They need less space

How can we offer a solution whithin our village and building?

> We need cheap, small scale housing, flexible to changing family situations

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Source: www.nieuwsblad.be

Source: www.nieuwsblad.be

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BUILDING SCALE Housing demand HOUSING SYSTEM

> Flexible units, 3 possible setups

1. Regular single unit

1 bedroom / 1 bathroom

58m2 - (400€/month)

2. Enlarged unit 71m2 - (500€/month)

2 bedrooms / 1 bathroom 3. Studio unit 43m2 - (300€/month)

0 bedroom / 1 bathroom

> Possible living for singles, couples, single parents, ...

> Flexible way of adapting to family changes (partner, kid, ...)

> No economical loss for owner

> 2 regular units: 400€ + 400€ = 800€/month

> Enlarged + Studio 500€ + 300€ = 800€/month

> Communal corridor

> Communal space per floor (laundry, lounge, ...)

> More social way of living in the city =/ Cohousing = PRIVACY

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BUILDING SCALE Structure

- concrete structure - prefab column 300x300 mm - prefab prestressed beam 500 mm

max. span = 8.400 mm

8.400 mm / 20 = 420 mm - wide slab concrete floor 180 mm

max. span = 4.800 mm

2.800mm / 29 = 165 mm

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BUILDING SCALE Construction

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U = 0.28W/m²K

U = 0.14 W/m²K

U = 0.12 W/m²K

U = 0.14 W/m²K

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BUILDING SCALE Ventilation Scheme GROUND FLOOR DEMAND Pulsion

Left of Chimney > Cafetaria (30 people) 600 m3/h

Right of Chimney

> Factory Space (10 people) 220 m3/h

> Office (9 people)

180 m3/h > Storage 200 m3/h > Technical spaces 100 m3/h TOTAL 1300 m3/h Extration Left of Chimney > Kitchen 300 m3/h > Toilets 300 m3/h

Right of Chimney > Factory Space 250 m3/h > Toilets & Showers 450 m3/h TOTAL 1300 m3/h Pulsion = Extraction BALANCE RESIDENTIAL DEMAND

> 1 Unit (m2 x 3,6m3/h) 165 m3/h > 1 Floor (x 10) 1650 m3/h

> 2 units south of Chimney 330 m3/h

> 8 units north of Chimney 1320 m3/h (2 x 100mmx400mm ducts)

> All units (x 30) 4950 m3/h

Air is pulled through rosters in unit windows (100mm height) During winter time, air is pre-heated in corridor with solar energy

Air is extracted in wet spaces with duct towards chimney

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BUILDING SCALE Ventilation Scheme DETAILED CALCULATION UNIT

Pulsion

> Living room 28m2 x 3,6m3/hm2 115 m3/h > Bedroom 13m2 x 3,6m3/hm2 75 m3/h TOTAL 165 m3/h

Extraction > Bathroom 3,6m2 min. 50m3/h 50 m3/h > Toilet 1,5m2 min. 25m3/h 25 m3/h > Closet 4,3m2 x 3,6M�/hm2 15 m3/h

> Open kitchen 28m2 min. 75 m3/h 75 m3/h

TOTAL 165 m3/h Pulsion = Extraction BALANCE HEMP HARVEST

> The central shaft works all year round as a chimney

> Winter; glass wall closed, big temperature difference

causes natural air flow throughout the building

> Summer; glass wall open, no temperature difference

2 ventilators create air flow in chimney

> Twice a year hemp will be harvested from the roof

> hatches in shaft will be closed, air flow temporarily stopped

> Hemp is throw down, collected for factory

> After harvest, haches reopen en air flow continues

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VENTILATION ALL YEAR ROUND Hatches open, air extracted from building by chimney

HEMP HARVEST 2x PER YEAR Hatches closed, hemp falls down through shaft

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BUILDING SCALE Heating Scheme HEAT LOSSES

Transmission

Windows Walls Roof Floor Glass wall

> 204 000 kWh per year

(U=1,00) (U=0,12) (U=0,14) (U=0,14) (U=2,80)

65%

> 25 000 kWh per year > 7500 kWh per year > 8500 kWh per year > 3000 kWh per year > 160 000 kWh per year

Ventilation > 40 000 kWh per year 13%

Reduced by heated ventilation air through corridor

Solar Energy on glass wall > 133 000 kWh per year

> Heats up corridor to 15°

> Ventilation air is taken from this space Leaks > 67 000 kWh per year 22%

TOTAL heat loss of 311 000 kWh per year Capacity of 150 kW at -8 degrees needed

HEATING

Heat pump Vitocal 300-G Pro

Floor heating in Units

Convectors ground floors

> 173,2 kW capacity > 65 kW > 85 kW

Works on B0°/W35° regime Brine at 0° Water at 35°

Reaches temperatures of 60°

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> 141 000 kWh/year > 170 000 kWh/year

Vitocal 300-G Pro = Brine-water model Heat Capacity Cooling Capacity Power Consumtion

> 173,2 kW > 137,6 kW > 37,3 kW

Size: 1932mm x 911mm x 1650mm

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BUILDING SCALE Cooling Scheme HEAT GAINS

Transmission

Windows Walls Roof Floor Glass wall

> 4 000 kWh per year

(U=1,00) (U=0,12) (U=0,14) (U=0,14) (U=2,80)

27%

> 3 000 kWh per year > 700 kWh per year > 480 kWh per year > 300 kWh per year = open during summer

Ventilation > 6 000 kWh per year 46% Leaks > 4 000 kWh per year 27%

No Solar gains because no direct sunlight will hit the windows during summer, because of adequate cantilevers and solar screening TOTAL heat gain of 14 000 kWh per year Cooling capacity of 46 kW at 31 degrees needed

COOLING

Heat pump Vitocal 300-G Pro

Floor heating in Units

Convectors ground floors

> 137,6 kW capacity > 16 kW > 30 kW

Works on B0째/W35째 regime Brine at 0째 Water at 35째

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> 6 000 kWh/year > 8 000 kWh/year

Vitocal 300-G Pro = Brine-water model Heat Capacity Cooling Capacity Power Consumtion

> 173,2 kW > 137,6 kW > 37,3 kW

Size: 1932mm x 911mm x 1650mm

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BUILDING SCALE Water Scheme Rainwater on roof

900 liters of rainwater per m2 per year in Ghent (source = aanstiplijst hemelwater Gent)

200 m2 regular roof surface

900 m2 green roof surface

> produces 180 000 liters per year > 0,7 x 810 000 liters per year > produces 570 000 liters per year

TOTAL of 750 000 liters of rainwater per year Rainwater use

Residential toilets > 450 000 liters per year

Toilets ground floor

> 250 000 liters per year

(30 pp cafetaria - 19 pp factory) > 700 000 liters per year

Hempcrete production > 35 liters / 32 kg > 44 000 kg per year > 50 000 liters per year TOTAL of 750 000 liters of rainwater per year Production = Use CLOSED CIRCLE! Purified Water use

Cold water (sinks, cleaning, ...) > 240 000 liters per year

Hot water (showers, ...) > 460 000 liters per year

(30x Residential + 2x Factory) TOTAL of 700 000 liters of purified water per year Black & Grey Water Production

Residential toilets > 200 000 liters per year

Toilets ground floor

> 55 000 liters per year > 255 000 liters per year

Grey water (showers, ...)

> 550 000 liters per year

TOTAL of 700 000 liters of water “waste� per year Production = Use CLOSED CIRCLE

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200m2 = 180 000 liter/year

900m2 = 570 000 liters / year

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BUILDING SCALE Electricity Scheme RESIDENTIAL DEMAND

> 1 unit 900 kWh per year

> 1 floor

9000 kWh per year

TOTAL of 27 000 kWh of residential electricity per year SOLAR PANELS

1 Panel

> 425 Wp x 0,9

382,5 kWh per year

72 Panels

> 72 x 382,5 kWh/y 27 500 kWh per year

Production = Demand CLOSED CIRCLE

GROUND FLOOR DEMAND Machines

> 5520W / machine 8h per day 10 150 kWh per year

> 7 machines total 71 050 kWh per year

> Water pump 3800 kWh per year > Ventilators 150 kWh per year Cafetaria

> Fridge, Oven, Dishwasher

2000 kWh per year

Lighting 8000 kWh per year TOTAL of 85 000 kWh of industrial electricity per year HEATING DEMAND

Heat pump; 37 kWh

200 000 kWh per year

TOTAL of 285 000 kWh of external electricity per year

= 1% of Biomass energy production

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26 933 000 kWh/year produced by energy building

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BUILDING SCALE Daylight System SUMMERTIME

> Cantilevers make sure the sun doesn’t hit the windows from 10am - 5pm > This way we have no solar heating > Windows have extra solar screening for morning and evenings

> Witch Hazel plant provides extra shading in the corrider

Green leaves in summer Plant that likes sun Doesn’t need much care

WINTERTIME

> Cantilevers are short enough so the sun hits the windows all day > Maximal solar heating to bring down heat losses > Pre-heating of air in the corridor to use for ventilation

> Witch Hazel loses leaves in winter, so no extra shading

Loses leaves in Winter Blooms in January Beautiful winter plant

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SUMMER

WINTER

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1:10

1:10

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1:10

1:10

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1:10

MATERIALS RO-ANHYDRIET

NATUURSTEEN (EUROPEES); CEMENT

MDF PANEEL; MASSIEF EUROPEES ZACHTHOUT; DB

VUREN; DB

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MATERIALS POCB; MECHANISCH BEVESTIGD; MET RETOURSYSTEEM

EUROPEES LOOFHOUT (67X114); GESCHILDERD, ACRYL; DB

EUROPEES HARDHOUT , GEVINGERLAST / GELAMINEERD; DB; RVS RAILS

EPDM ALUMINIUM VERSTERKT

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MATERIALS NATUURSTEEN

STAAL, GEPOEDERCOAT; SPIJLEN

DRAAGCONSTRUCTIE PREFAB BETON & BREEDPLAATVLOER

PLEISTERWERK; KALKSTUC

We use limehemp render made with lime from Belgium and hennep shives from our hempfield. And although lime render has a 4A score, we use it because it has the same ingredients as our hempcrete. This means that it the hempblocks, including the limehemp render can be re-cycled as insulation material. cradle to cradle!

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FACTORY

LIFE CYCLE

ASSESSMENT

+ H 2O

Use phase

Wall

Hempcrete

+ Shives

Lime