Building Technology 1 - Project 1: Industrialized Building System (IBS)

School​ ​of​ ​Architecture,​ ​Building​ ​and​ ​Design Bachelor​ ​of​ ​Science​ ​(Hons)​ ​(Architecture) Taylor’s​ ​University​ ​College BUILDING​ ​TECHNOLOGY​ ​I​ ​(BLD​ ​61403) PROJECT​ ​1:​ ​INDUSTRIALIZED​ ​BUILDING​ ​SYSTEM TUTOR​ ​:​ ​MR.​ ​KHAIROOL​ ​AIZAT AARON​ ​TAN​ ​WENG​ ​MING ALLEN​ ​TAN​ ​HOANG​ ​YEAP LEE​ ​HO​ ​JUN NG​ ​KHENG​ ​SOON SUKESH​ ​RAMACHANDRAM WONG​ ​WAN​ ​JIUAN

0322400 0329459 1007P10652 0318946 0327162 0327173

CONTENT 1.0

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Type​ ​of​ ​IBS​ ​System​ ​in​ ​Malaysia 1.3 Advantages​ ​and​ ​disadvantages​ ​of​ ​IBS​ ​System

2.0

APPLICATION​ ​OF​ ​IBS​ ​SYSTEMS 2.1 Column​ ​and​ ​Beam​ ​System 2.2 Wall​ ​System 2.3 Slab​ ​System 2.4 Precast​ ​Staircase 2.5 Precast​ ​Balcony 2.6 Steel​ ​Truss​ ​System

3.0

Building​ ​Documentation 3.1 Model​ ​Making 3.2 Drawings 3.3 Construction​ ​Stages

4.0

IBS​ ​SCORE​ ​CALCULATIONS

5.0

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

1.0

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Industrialized Building System (IBS) is identified by the built and environment industry and government in Malaysia to represent the development of construction industrialisation and the use of pre-fabrication of components in building construction. IBS is a construction method in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, placed and combined​ ​into​ ​a​ ​structure​ ​with​ ​minimal​ ​additional​ ​site​ ​work.

There are five components in IBS system mainly popular apply in building construction, which are column, beam, slab, wall and roof truss.

In Malaysia, market of IBS manufacturers are growing due to the government requirement of 70% of IBS components must be used in government projects which cost more than RM 10 million. It is to achieve​ ​the​ ​effectiveness​ ​in​ ​building​ ​industry​ ​sector.

1.2​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​IBS​ ​system​ ​in​ ​Malaysia − Precast​ ​concrete​ ​system − Timber​ ​framing​ ​system − Innovative​ ​system − Blockwork​ ​system − Steel​ ​framing​ ​system − Reusable​ ​formwork​ ​system 1.3

Advantages​ ​and​ ​disadvantages​ ​of​ ​IBS​ ​System Advantages​ ​of​ ​using​ ​IBS​ ​system: − Controlled​ ​quality − Higher​ ​productivity − Cost​ ​saving − Reduced​ ​maintenance​ ​requirements − Time​ ​consuming​ ​less​ ​than​ ​traditional​ ​construction − Reduction​ ​of​ ​unskilled​ ​worker − Safer​ ​working​ ​environment − Reduce​ ​wastage − Less​ ​relying​ ​on​ ​foreign​ ​human​ ​resource Disadvantages​ ​of​ ​IBS​ ​system: − Improper​ ​planning​ ​within​ ​corporations​ ​will​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​failure − Inflexibility​ ​to​ ​renovate​ ​after​ ​building​ ​completion − Limited​ ​skilled​ ​worker − Transportation​ ​fee​ ​is​ ​higher

2.0

APPLICATION​ ​OF​ ​IBS​ ​SYSTEM For​ ​this​ ​assignment,​ ​we​ ​were​ ​required​ ​to​ ​design​ ​an​ ​100m​2​​ ​apartment​ ​which​ ​applying​ ​IBS​ ​system​ ​to​ ​construct.

Our​ ​group​ ​chose​ ​to​ ​use​ ​the​ ​following​ ​systems​ ​to​ ​achieve​ ​our​ ​IBS​ ​scoring: 1.

Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Column​ ​&​ ​Beam​ ​System 2.

Blockwork​ ​For​ ​External​ ​Walls 3.

Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​panel​ ​for​ ​internal​ ​walls 4.

Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Slab​ ​System​ ​-​ ​Hollow​ ​Core​ ​Slab 5.

Precast​ ​staircase 6.

Steel​ ​truss​ ​system

The​ ​aims​ ​of​ ​using​ ​IBS​ ​system​ ​as​ ​above​ ​are​ ​to​ ​construct​ ​an​ ​effective​ ​and​ ​low​ ​budget​ ​apartment.

The​ ​advantages​ ​of​ ​having​ ​these​ ​systems​ ​improve​ ​the​ ​flexibility​ ​on​ ​space​ ​and​ ​facade​ ​design.

2.1

Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Beams​ ​&​ ​Columns

Precast concrete beams are made in several standard shapes. The projecting ledgers on the L-Shaped beams and inverted tee provides direct support for precast slab elements. They conserve headroom in the building by supporting slabs near the bottom of the beams, compared to rectangular beams without ledgers, where slab elements must rest on. Precast concrete columns are usually square or rectangular in section​ ​and​ ​may​ ​be​ ​prestressed​ ​or​ ​simply​ ​reinforced.

2.2

Wall​ ​System 2.2.1 External​ ​wall​ ​-​ ​Concrete​ ​Block​ ​Work Bricks and blocks are components of durable masonry construction in which uniformly shaped individual units are laid in courses with mortar as the bed and binding material. They consist of high mass materials with good compressive strength formed into units that can be lifted and handled by a single worker.

Solid brick or blockwork walls deliver good load bearing capacity along with substantial thermal mass to provide a unique combination of structural, thermal and​ ​aesthetic​ ​benefits.

2.2.2

Internal​ ​wall​ ​-​ ​Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Wall​ ​Panel

The precast concrete units provide an easy & cost effective alternative to a shuttered or block wall reducing the predictability of time on site. The controlled factory environment ensures accurate dimension with quality appearance. Cast in sockets can be provided at the ends of the units in situations where panels are being clipped to the supporting steelwork. An interlocking tongue and groove helps distribute​ ​the​ ​load​ ​across​ ​a​ ​number​ ​of​ ​panels.

2.3

Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Slab​ ​System​ ​-​ ​Hollow​ ​Core​ ​Slab

The most fully standardized precast concrete elements are those used for making floor and roof slabs. These may be supported by bearing walls, masonry, frames of steel, sitecast concrete or precast concrete. Four kinds of precast concrete slab elements are produced. For short spans and minimum depth, solid slabs are appropriate. For longer spans, deeper elements must be used, and precast solid slabs, like their sitecast counterparts become inefficient because they contain too much dead weight of non-working concrete. The hollow-core precast concrete slabs were chosen to be used in our project for its ability to run mechanical and electrical appliances through the cores (voids) while eliminating ductwork in which would save cost and time. The basic fundamentals of a hollow-core precast concrete slab is its characteristics of combining the compressive strength​ ​of​ ​concrete​ ​with​ ​the​ ​high​ ​tensile​ ​strength​ ​of​ ​steel​ ​strand.

​​​​

2.4

Precast​ ​Staircase

Precast concrete staircase is ideal solution for similar and repetition concrete staircase construction in high-rise building. It forms well as suspended concrete floor systems with either beam and block or precast concrete floors . Precast staircase is a dry construction manufactured​ ​in​ ​factory​ ​then​ ​transport​ ​to​ ​site.

Having​ ​precast​ ​concrete​ ​as​ ​part​ ​of​ ​building​ ​has​ ​follow​ ​advantages: High​ ​quality​ ​finish​ ​gives​ ​a​ ​longer​ ​life​ ​span,​ ​less​ ​maintenance Excellent acoustic characteristic addressing sound transfer comparing to steel and timber​ ​staircases Best​ ​choice​ ​as​ ​fire​ ​escape​ ​staircase During​ ​the​ ​construction​ ​phases,​ ​it​ ​as​ ​safe​ ​access​ ​to​ ​subsequent​ ​floors Easy​ ​to​ ​be​ ​installed​ ​and​ ​less​ ​messy​ ​framing.

Besides, there are two way to install precast concrete staircase, which are dry joint and​ ​wet​ ​joint.

2.5

Steel​ ​Roof​ ​Truss​ ​System

A​ ​standard​ ​truss​ ​is​ ​a​ ​series​ ​of​ ​triangles​ ​-​ ​a​ ​stable​ ​geometric​ ​shape​ ​that​ ​is​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​distort​ ​under​ ​load.​ ​Regardless​ ​of​ ​its​ ​overall​ ​size​ ​and​ ​shape,​ ​all​ ​the​ ​chords and​ ​webs​ ​of​ ​a​ ​truss​ ​form​ ​triangles.​ ​These​ ​triangles​ ​combine​ ​to​ ​distribute​ ​the​ ​load​ ​across​ ​each​ ​of​ ​the​ ​other​ ​members,​ ​resulting​ ​in​ ​a​ ​light​ ​structure​ ​that​ ​is stronger​ ​than​ ​the​ ​sum​ ​of​ ​the​ ​strength​ ​of​ ​its​ ​individual​ ​components.​ ​ ​Most​ ​roof​ ​trusses​ ​have​ ​webs​ ​that​ ​run​ ​at​ ​an​ ​angle​ ​between​ ​top​ ​and​ ​bottom​ ​chords.​ ​The gable-end​ ​truss​ ​must​ ​be​ ​supported​ ​along​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​length,​ ​and​ ​stabilized​ ​at​ ​the​ ​truss/wall​ ​intersection.​ ​There​ ​are​ ​a​ ​number​ ​of​ ​truss​ ​types​ ​that​ ​leave​ ​space​ ​for attic​ ​storage​ ​or​ ​living​ ​area.​ ​In​ ​any​ ​roof​ ​truss,​ ​however,​ ​attic​ ​or​ ​living​ ​space​ ​comes​ ​at​ ​a​ ​price.​ ​The​ ​bottom​ ​chord​ ​of​ ​the​ ​attac​ ​truss​ ​also​ ​acts​ ​as​ ​a​ ​floor​ ​joist​ ​and must​ ​be​ ​sized​ ​to​ ​accommodate​ ​a​ ​live​ ​load.

3.0

BUILDING​ ​DOCUMENTATION 3.1​ ​Model​ ​Making

1. Lasercut​ ​the​ ​components

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​4.​ ​Lasercut​ ​the​ ​components

​​

​​

2.​ ​Hand​ ​cut​ ​specific​ ​components

​ ​ ​ ​ ​5.​ ​The​ ​columns​ ​and​ ​slabs​ ​were​ ​placed

​​

​​

3.​ ​The​ ​staircases​ ​were​ ​assembled

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​6.​ ​The​ ​super​ ​structure​ ​is​ ​being​ ​erected

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​7.​ ​The​ ​staircases​ ​were​ ​embedded​ ​in

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​10.​ ​Trusses​ ​were​ ​constructed

​​

​​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​11.​ ​Roofing​ ​was​ ​added

​ ​ ​12.​ ​Some​ ​details​ ​were​ ​made​ ​physical

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​8.​ ​Footings​ ​components​ ​were​ ​made

​​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​9.​ ​Ground​ ​beam​ ​were​ ​laid​ ​out

​ ​13.​ ​Final​ ​Model

3.2

Drawings

4500.0000

4500.0000

4500

4500

4500

4500.0000

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1 : 100

01 001 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

4500.0000

4500.0000

4500

4500

4500

4500.0000

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

1 : 100

02 002 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

4500.0000

4500.0000

4500

4500

4500

4500.0000

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

1 : 100

03 003 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

9000.0000

4500.0000

4500.0000

4500

4500

4500

4500.0000

4500.0000

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

ROOF PLAN

1 : 100

04 004 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

22500 4500

4500

4500

4500

1500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

FRONT ELEVATION

1 : 100

05 005 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

22500 4500

4500

4500

4500

1500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

REAR ELEVATION

1 : 100

06 006 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

13500 4500

4500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

LEFT ELEVATION

1 : 100

07 007 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

13500 4500

4500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

RIGHT ELEVATION

1 : 100

08 008 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

22500 4500

4500

4500

4500

1500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

SECTION A - A

1 : 100

09 009 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

13500 4500

4500

4500

200

3200

3000

11950

3000

2750

1500

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

SECTION B - B

1 : 100

10 010 19

MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

BLOCKWORK DETAIL

1 : 25 WONG WAN JUIAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

11 011 19

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

PRECAST STAIRCASE DETAIL

1 : 25 WONG WAN JUIAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

12 012 19

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

HOLLOW CORE SLAB ON "L" CONCRETE BEAM DETAIL

1 : 100 WONG WAN JUIAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

13 013 19

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

COLUMN, BEAM & PAD FOUNDATION DETAILS

1 : 100 AARON TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

14 014 19

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

ROOF DETAILS

1 : 25 ARRON TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

15 015 19

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL

1 : 50 ALLEN TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

16 016 19

COMPONENT 1

COMPONENT 2

200

100 200

75

200 300

300

300

150

300

150

200

DESCRIPTION QTY

PRECAST BEAM TYPE 1

DESCRIPTION QTY

48

COMPONENT 3

PRECAST BEAM TYPE 2 48

COMPONENT 4

400

200 200

200 300

300 150

DESCRIPTION

PRECAST BEAM TYPE 3

DESCRIPTION

QTY 123

36

QTY

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

BLOCKWORK 03-10-2017

IBS SCHEDULE

1 : 30 ALLEN TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

17 017 19

COMPONENT 5

COMPONENT 6

500

300

300

3000

3000

400

600

200

400 200

200

DESCRIPTION QTY

600 200

PRECAST COLUMN TYPE 1

DESCRIPTION QTY

24

PRECAST COLUMN TYPE 2 18

COMPONENT 7 500

3000

600 200 200

DESCRIPTION QTY

PRECAST COLUMN TYPE 3 30 BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

03-10-2017

IBS SCHEDULE

1 : 50 ALLEN TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

18 018 19

COMPONENT 8

COMPONENT 9

150

4500

900

200

2700 1500

200 900 150

DESCRIPTION QTY -

PRECAST HOLLOW CORE SLAB

DESCRIPTION QTY -

123

BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

PRECAST HOLLOW CORE WALL PANEL 156

03-10-2017

IBS SCHEDULE

1 : 75 ALLEN TAN MR. KHAROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL

19 019 19

3.3​ ​Construction​ ​Sequence

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

4.0

IBS​ ​SCORE​ ​CALCULATION

5.0

CONCLUSION

On a final note, we understand the importance of learning and being aware that the IBS systems are very profitable especially in the case where the project involves rapid construction and limited construction period. In lieu to that, based on the calculations of the IBS Score , in order to get a high IBS Score, a couple of things are to be taken into consideration; 1. Design shall be modular coordinated, compliant to MS1064 (Utilisation​ ​of​ ​Standardized​ ​Components) 2. Developers & Contractors are to plan for the use of IBS from the​ ​beginning​ ​including​ ​any​ ​simplified​ ​construction​ ​method.

3. Prefabrications​ ​where​ ​possible 4. Minimize labour intensive works where possible; Eg; Brickwork &​ ​plastering.

5. Developers should have a preference for IBS construction so that the project sites are cleaner, less labour intensive and better​ ​quality.

6. Contractors should always be looking at more efficient construction​ ​methods.

REFERENCE 1. Malaysia​ ​Standard:​ ​Guide​ ​to​ ​modular​ ​coordination​ ​in​ ​buildings:​ ​Part 10:​ ​coordinating​ ​sizes​ ​and​ ​preferred​ ​sizes​ ​for​ ​reinforced​ ​concrete component.​ ​(2003).​ ​Shah​ ​Alam,​ ​Selangor:​ ​Department​ ​of​ ​Standards Malaysia.

2. High​ ​Quality​ ​Precast​ ​Stairs​ ​and​ ​Concrete​ ​Steps.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​Retrieved October​ ​05,​ ​2017,​ ​from http://floodprecast.ie/precast-concrete-products/precast-concrete-stairs 3. Precast​ ​Concrete​ ​Stairs​ ​and​ ​Landings.​ ​(2017,​ ​June​ ​09).​ ​Retrieved October​ ​04,​ ​2017,​ ​from http://engineeringfeed.com/precast-concrete-stairs-landings 4. Reference​ ​Guide​ ​on​ ​Standard​ ​Prefabricated​ ​Building​ ​Components.

(2000).​ ​Singapore:​ ​Buildability​ ​Development​ ​Section,​ ​Innovation Development​ ​Dept.,​ ​Technology​ ​Development​ ​Division​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Building and​ ​Construction​ ​Authority.

5. The​ ​International​ ​Masonry​ ​Institute​ ​|​ ​Home.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​Retrieved​ ​October 05,​ ​2017,​ ​from​ ​http://imiweb.org/