REPORT OF GEOGRAPHER CAFE - METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION & MEASURED DRAWING 2017

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWING (ARC 60305) JANUARY – MARCH 2017

DECLARATION This report is prepared and submitted for the module Methods of

Wong Cho Mun

0322723

Documentation and Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) by the School of

Yang Jing Loo

0323066

Architecture, Building and Design of Taylor’s University for the program,

Ong Shi Hui

0320303

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture to School of Architecture,

Tay Jing Heng

0325230

Building and Design of Taylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for

Leemul Dev Nathoo

0326878

Practicum 1.

Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun

0319353

Sara Wee Qing Teng

0322469

Name of Building: Geographer Café

Quah Keng Yew

0322893

Address of Building: 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat, 75200 Melaka, Malaysia.

Louis Stanley De Rozario

0327136

Low Wing Chun

0323315

Tutor: Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain Prepared by: Sukeshshef Ramachandram

0327162

Alexandra Go

0325342

Yong Man Kit

0319778

Kiu Ngin Pern

0322084

Lu Chiao Er

0326947

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to all

Last but not least, a special thanks to all the members of our group, for

those who has aided us and thus allowing us to complete this project,

their dedication and perseverance. Without them, this project will not

including but not limited to:

be completed.

Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our dedicated tutor, who has guided us through the project by giving us invaluable advices while constantly inspiring us to challenge ourselves to soar to greater heights.

Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain, the coordinator of this module, who has invested her effort in guiding all of us to achieve our goal.

Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café, who has granted us access to measure the cafe and giving us a detailed history and aim of Geographer Café.

Mr. Chan, the floor manager of the Geographer Café, who has given

Figure 1: A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer Café, Mr.

us the liberty to proceed with our work despite knowing that our work

Chan, the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor

would be of inconvenience to the customers and staff of the cafe.

ii

ABSTRACT The Geographer Café proudly holds the title of being one of the many

The five productive days spent nurtured our appreciation and curiosity

paramount landmarks in Melaka. Sitting in the heart of Jonker Street,

as we completed our measuring activity. The collective documentation

this cafe has played a vital role in the birth of Jonker Walk, the Chinatown

is then synced with extensive research to understand the historical and

Street of Melaka. Dating back to the early 19th century, the cafe first

cultural context. With the best of our abilities, we have compiled and

operated as Mei Jing Kopitiam. The building has undergone a major

translated our findings in the form of a report, photobook, video and a

renovation in the 1999 with the notion of conservation, retaining its

set of measured drawings.

original architectural elements & design. Winning of multiple awards, the building still caters to patrons and proves to be more successful than

Through this project, we were able to learn about the methods and

ever.

importance of measuring and documenting buildings in effort to conserve it. We were also able to learn about the importance of tracing

Geographer Café was the site given to us to conduct our measurement

back a building’s original appearance and keep a record of it for future

analysis and research to complete the Methods of Documentation and

references.

Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) module. This project is to introduce us to several methods of documenting historical structures to preserve an accurate record of historical properties that can be used in research and other preservation activities. We have investigated the history, background and unique architectural elements of Geographer Café and the building itself.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration

i

Acknowledgement

ii

3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street

31

Abstract

iii

3.2 Current Geographer Café

32

Table of Contents

iv

List of Figures and Diagrams

vi

1.0 INTRODUCTION

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

4.0 DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Designer’s Information

35

4.2 Modifications to the Building

36

1.1 Aim and objectives

2

1.2 Introduction of Research

3

1.3 Instruments and Tools Used

4

5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka

62

1.4 Limitations

8

5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture

67

1.5 Methods of Documentation

11

5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Café

68

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT

5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION

2.1 History of Melaka

15

6.1 Spatial layout and function

73

2.2 History of Jonker Street

22

6.2 Classification of Space

76

2.3 History of Geographer Café

24

6.3 Circulation

81

2.4 Timeline of Events

27

6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces

85

iv

6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior

86

Spaces 7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION 9.1 Stains

118

9.2 Rusts

120

9.3 Peeling Paint

121

7.1 Windows

88

9.4 Fading Colours

122

7.2 Doors

90

9.5 Cracks

123

7.3 Awnings

91

7.4 Air well

92

7.5 Arcade

93

10.1 Historical Significance

125

7.6 Staircase

94

10.2 Cultural Significance

126

7.7 Ornaments

95

10.3 Reflections

127

11.0 REFERENCES

129

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION

10.0 CONCLUSION

AND MATERIALS 12.0 APPENDIX

8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction

99

8.2 Wall Construction

107

12.1 Photo Book

135

8.3 Roof Construction

108

12.2 Scaled Drawings

169

8.4 Construction Materials

109

v

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure 1:

PAGES A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer CafĂŠ, Mr. Chan,

ii

the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor

1.0 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1:

Measurements are recorded and mindful observations are noted regarding

2

the condition and materials in Geographer CafĂŠ Figure 1.2:

Laser measuring device used in the measuring process

4

Figure 1.3:

10m pocket measuring tape

5

Figure 1.4:

30m long distance tape

5

Figure 1.5:

DSLR camera

5

Figure 1.6:

Camera tripod

5

Figure 1.7:

Fiberglass ladder

6

Figure 1.8:

A3 wooden clipboard

6

Figure 1.9:

Butter papers with sketches

7 vi

Figure 1.10:

Geographer Café packed with customers in the afternoon

8

Figure 1.11:

Geographer Café is filled with decorations and furniture

9

Figure 1.12:

Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café everyday

10

Figure 1.13:

An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café

12

Figure 1.14:

Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of Geographer Café

12

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT Figure 2.1:

Map of West Peninsular Malaysia

15

Figure 2.2:

Map of Melaka

15

Figure 2.3:

Map of Melaka in 1613

17

Figure 2.4:

Map of Melaka in 1753

17

Figure 2.5:

Map of Melaka in 1916

18

Figure 2.6:

Map of Melaka in 1987

19

Figure 2.7

Logo of UNESCO

19

Figure 2.8:

Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning

20

vii

Figure 2.9:

Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area

21

Figure 2.10:

Map of Jonker Street

22

Figure 2.11:

Jonker Street in the 50’s

22

Figure 2.12:

Current Jonker Street

22

Figure 2.13:

House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street

23

Figure 2.14:

Jonker Street during the Dutch period

23

Figure 2.15:

Present day Jonker Street

23

Figure 2.16:

Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994

24

Figure 2.17:

Geographer Café in 2017

24

Figure 2.18:

2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19

25

different colours, each one compliments the other.

Figure 2.19:

Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro

25

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Figure 3.1:

Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened

31

viii

Figure 3.2:

Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing

32

Figure 3.3:

Geographer cafe in the night packed with people

32

Figure 3.4:

Tourists walking around in Jonker Street

33

Figure 3.5:

Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend

33

4.0 DEVELOPEMENT Figure 4.1:

PAM award won by Geographer CafĂŠ

35

Figure 4.2:

Lot 83 before renovation

36

Figure 4.3:

Lot 83 after renovation

36

Figure 4.4:

Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation

37

Figure 4.5:

Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation

37

Figure 4.6:

Columns of lot 83 before renovation

38

Figure 4.7:

Columns of lot 83 after renovation

38

Figure 4.8:

Awnings of lot 83 before renovation

39

Figure 4.9:

Awnings of lot 83 after renovation

39

ix

Figure 4.10:

Kitchen exterior before renovation

40

Figure 4.11:

Kitchen exterior after renovation

40

Figure 4.12:

Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation

41

Figure 4.13:

A balcony was extended outwards after renovation

41

Figure 4.14:

The walls of lot 83 before renovation

42

Figure 4.15:

Parts of the wall is removed after renovation

42

Figure 4.16:

Old timber floorings are removed

43

Figure 4.17:

Timber beams were reused after being repainted

43

Figure 4.18:

The walls of the toilet is built during renovation

44

Figure 4.19:

Toilet entrance after renovation

44

Figure 4.20:

Old wing first floor before renovation

45

Figure 4.21:

Old wing first floor after renovation

45

Figure 4.22:

Original wooden louvered window

46

Figure 4.23:

Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window

46

Figure 4.24:

The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation

47

x

Figure 4.25:

The old wing air well after renovation

47

Figure 4.26:

Opening to the air well before renovation

48

Figure 4.27:

Louvers replaced the wall above the air well

48

Figure 4.28:

The old wing first floor dining are before renovation

49

Figure 4.29:

The old wing first floor dining are after renovation

49

Figure 4.30:

Renovation of the new wing

50

Figure 4.31:

New wing after renovation

50

Figure 4.32:

New wing dining area before renovation

51

Figure 4.33:

New wing dining area after renovation

51

Figure 4.34:

New wing bar area before renovation

52

Figure 4.35:

New wing bar area after renovation

52

Figure 4.36:

New wing dining area with old stairs

53

Figure 4.37:

New wing dining area with old stairs removed

53

Figure 4.38:

Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area

54

Figure 4.39:

Timber beams are cut to create an atrium

54

xi

Figure 4.40:

Construction of a new staircase in the new wing

55

Figure 4.41:

Completed staircase in the new wing

55

Figure 4.42:

Renovation of the roof and air well

56

Figure 4.43:

Renovated air well in new wing

56

Figure 4.44:

Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing

57

Figure 4.45:

Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing

57

Figure 4.46:

New wing first floor dining area during renovation

58

Figure 4.47:

New wing first floor dining area after renovation

58

Figure 4.48:

New wing first floor air well before renovation

59

Figure 4.49:

New wing first floor air well after renovation

59

5.0 ARCHITECTURE STYLE Figure 5.1:

Typical early shop house components

62

Figure 5.2:

Examples of early shop houses in Melaka

62

Figure 5.3:

Early Straits Eclectic shop house faรงade

63

xii

Figure 5.4:

Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits Eclectic shop houses

63

Figure 5.5:

Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house components

64

Figure 5.6:

Windows on second storey of Late Straits Eclectic shop houses

64

Figure 5.7:

Art Deco shop house components

65

Figure 5.8:

Window design of Art deco shop houses

65

Figure 5.9:

Post war shop house components

66

Figure 5.10:

Examples of post war shop houses

66

Figure 5.11:

Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house

67

Figure 5.12:

Geographer Café front façade

67

Figure 5.13:

Exterior façade of Geographer Café

68

Figure 5.14:

Bar area of Geographer Café

68

Figure 5.15:

Concrete awning and window of Geographer Café

69

Figure 5.16:

Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81

69

Figure 5.17:

Old wing first floor dining area

70

Figure 5.18:

French louvered windows

70

xiii

Figure 5.19:

Arcade in the old wing

70

Figure 5.20:

Succession of arches

70

Figure 5.21:

New wing ground floor dining area

71

Figure 5.22:

Old wing ground floor dining area

71

6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION Figure 6.1:

Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in massing diagram to show

73

the hierarchy of the number of people Figure 6.2:

Table showing the area of ground floor spaces

74

Figure 6.3:

Ground floor plan of Geographer Café

74

Figure 6.4:

First floor plan of Geographer Café

75

Figure 6.5:

First floor plan of Geographer Café

75

Figure 6.6

Old wing five foot way

76

Figure 6.7:

Arches are found along the corridor

76

Figure 6.8:

Air well named as “Little Prince”

77

xiv

Figure 6.9:

Air well named as “Tropical Forest”

77

Figure 6.10:

Old wing ground floor dining area

78

Figure 6.11:

New wing ground floor dining area

78

Figure 6.12:

Old wing first floor dining area

78

Figure 6.13:

Tango Floor (Old wing first floor dining area)

79

Figure 6.14:

New wing ground floor dining area

79

Figure 6.15:

Pavement around Geographer Café

80

Figure 6.16:

Location of Geographer Café

81

Figure 6.17:

Points of entry

81

Figure 6.18:

Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing

82

Figure 6.19:

Location of the staircases in Geographer Café

82

Figure 6.20:

Customers’ ground floor circulation

83

Figure 6.21:

Customers’ first floor circulation

83

Figure 6.22:

Staff’s ground floor circulation

84

Figure 6.23:

Staff’s first floor circulation

84

xv

Figure 6.24:

Public and private spaces in Geographer Café

85

Figure 6.25:

Table indicating public and private spaces in Geographer Café

85

Figure 6.27:

Covered walkway in the old wing

86

Figure 6.28:

Old wing ground floor dining area

86

7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS Figure 7.1:

French louvered windows

88

Figure 7.2:

Large windows in the Café enable good ventilation.

89

Figure 7.3:

Wooden window located on the first floor (balcony area)

90

Figure 7.4:

Original metal folding doors

91

Figure 7.5:

The Dutch awning made of concrete is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer Café

91

Figure 7.6:

Air well in the old wing

92

Figure 7.7:

Air well in the new wing

92

Figure 7.8:

Arcade (Covered Walkway) in the old wing of Geographer Café

93

Figure 7.9:

Half landing staircase in the old wing

94

xvi

Figure 7.10:

Winder staircase in the new wing

94

Figure 7.11:

Pilasters on the exterior façade of Geographer Café

95

Figure 7.12:

Geographer globe from interior

95

Figure 7.13:

Geographer globe from exterior

95

Figure 7.14:

The cornice lines the façade of the Geographer Café

96

Figure 7.15:

Corbels supporting the old wing pitched roof

96

Figure 7.16:

Corbels supporting the new wing pitched roof

97

Figure 7.17:

Star breeze block found along the old wing staircase

97

Figure 7.18:

Star breeze block in the old wing toilet

97

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS Figure 8.1:

Terracotta Tiles

99

Figure 8.2:

Scored Concrete Flooring

99

Figure 8.3:

Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles

100

Figure 8.4:

Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing

100

xvii

Figure 8.5:

Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing

100

Figure 8.6:

Plan indicating location of scored concrete floor

101

Figure 8.7:

Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway

101

Figure 8.8:

Plan indicating the location of timber flooring system

102

Figure 8.9:

Timber joists supported by concrete beams

102

Figure 8.10:

Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams

102

Figure 8.11:

Timber joists supported by timber beams

103

Figure 8.12:

Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams

103

Figure 8.13:

Timber flooring on the first floor

103

Figure 8.14:

Timber planks can be seen from the ground floor

103

Figure 8.15:

Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system

104

Figure 8.16:

Scored concrete in old wing first floor

104

Figure 8.17:

Connection of the concrete floor to the load bearing wall

104

Figure 8.18:

Indication of I beam below the concrete slab

105

Figure 8.19:

Sectional detail for I beam and concrete flooring

105

xviii

Figure 8.20:

Round columns in the old wing

106

Figure 8.21:

Quarter-circle column in the old wing

106

Figure 8.22:

Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall

107

Figure 8.23:

New wing air well with exposed English bond brick wall

107

Figure 8.24:

A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall and English bond brick wall

107

Figure 8.25:

The structure of a King Post Truss

108

Figure 8.26:

The roof structure of Geographer Café

108

Figure 8.27:

Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its assembling

109

Figure 8.28:

Construction drawing of clay tiles being attached to roof structure

109

Figure 8.29:

View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings from the outside

109

Figure 8.30:

Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Café

110

Figure 8.31:

Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof structure

111

Figure 8.32:

Concrete floor that is scored with patterns similar to the terracotta tiles

112

Figure 8.33:

Concrete columns in Geographer Café

112

Figure 8.34:

Timber floors make up most of the first floor

113

xix

Figure 8.35:

Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber planks

113

Figure 8.36:

Timber staircase that connects ground floor and first floor

114

Figure 8.37:

The “signature” window of Geographer Café constructed with timber

114

Figure 8.38:

Intentionally exposed brick walls of Geographer Café

115

Figure 8.39:

Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting

116

Figure 8.40:

Steel railings surround the air well for safety

116

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPITATION Figure 9.1:

Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due to the footprints of customers

118

Figure 9.2:

The floor tiles are stained from people’s footprints

118

Figure 9.3:

Exposed roof tiles in the new wing

119

Figure 9.4:

Gaps between timber structures are very dirty

119

Figure 9.5:

Dust and insect waste get stuck in the Geographer globe

119

Figure 9.6:

The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are rusted due to the weather

120

Figure 9.7:

Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as it always is exposed to the weather

120

xx

Figure 9.8:

The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame has peeled off due to friction

121

Figure 9.9:

The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from the wall

121

Figure 9.10:

The paint on the concrete floor next to staircase in the old wing is worn off

122

Figure 9.11:

The timber table top’s colour has faded due to customers’ constant rubbing

122

Figure 9.12:

Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls

123

Figure 9.13:

The thickened arches have cracks on it over time

123

xxi

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and objectives 1.2 Introduction of Research 1.3 Instruments and Tools Used 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Methods of Documentation

1

1.1 Aim and Objectives Aim The aim of this project is to give students the opportunity to engage in a hands-on measuring practice and explore various measuring and documentation techniques on a designated site, which in our case, Geographer Cafe which is located at No. 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat, 75200 Melaka.

Objectives The objective of this project is to encourage students to explore the relationship between architecture, heritage, culture and its significance to the building, as well as to document the significance of the building to complement the measured drawing produced. It is also to instil the importance of preserving buildings that are heritage of the past for the benefit of the future generations.

Figure 1.1: Measurements are recorded and mindful observations are noted regarding the condition and materials in Geographer CafĂŠ

2

1.2 Introduction of Research This report serves as a documentation of the history, architectural style, details and measurements of our given site - Geographer Cafe, Melaka.

A total of five days were spent on site to conduct the measuring activity using the appropriate instruments. All measurements taken are then drafted on AutoCAD and are compiled accordingly with thorough research and analysis.

Historical, cultural and architectural attributes of the building are highlighted in this report to analyse the relationship between the architecture and its significance to the building, the type of architectural styles, construction methods, its history and any other significant elements of the building. As Geographer Cafe is a pre-war building, all notable features and building condition are included in the report.

3

1.3 Instruments and Tools Used 1.3.1 Measuring Tools and Techniques In order for the group to attain accurate measurements, there was a

device calibrated and on the ground, with a simple press of a button the

need for a variety of tools and techniques to achieve this. With the group

exact figures would be displayed on the LED screen on the device.

being relatively large each member then split into sub-groups of 3-2 to tackle the measuring of designated zones within the cafĂŠ.

1.3.2 Equipment BOSCH GLM 100 Digital Laser Measuring Device The digital laser used was to measure linear distances. This has proved to be essential to obtain distances which exceed the length of the basic measuring tape, this method is both efficient and highly accurate. When obtaining the measurements of a ceiling, a group member first place the

Figure 1.2 Laser measuring device used in the measuring process

digital laser on a level surface, with the transmitter facing the ceiling perpendicularly. Prior to this step the device’s settings should be changed to display the correct figures and conversions. Now with the

4

1.3.3 Measuring Tape

1.3.4 Camera Equipment

1 ) Pocket Measuring Tape (Stanley 10m)

Nikon DSLR camera and tripod

2 ) Long Distance Tape (Stanley 30m)

The camera was needed to document and photograph every aspect of

The primary tool used when conducting measurements on Geographer

the building for documenting and future references during our site visit

CafĂŠ during our site visit in Melaka. There were two variations available

to Geographer CafĂŠ. The need for clear and well defined pictures

at the time, the pocket measuring tape, used to measure distances

prompted the necessity for the tripod which acted as a stabiliser, also to

ranging from small to medium which encompasses most of the details

gain a vantage point to produce more interesting shots. With the tripod

found in the cafĂŠ. While the long distance tape would be reserved for the

the video filming portion was handled quickly and without any problems.

floor length or long distances. The rolled tape is pulled from end to end, each part touching the edge of whichever area selected to be measured, another group member would then take the readings when their eye level is directly perpendicular to the markings as to avoid possible parallax errors.

Figure 1.5: DSLR camera

Figure 1.3: 10m pocket measuring tape

Figure 1.6: Camera tripod

Figure 1.4: 30m long distance tape

5

1.3.5 Ladder

1.3.6 Stationary

Oska 7-step Fibreglass ladder (2.3m) The ladder belonged to someone in the group, which they had to carry on the bus to Melaka, to use when measuring high places inside the café during our site visit. This was so details and areas could more accurately be measured such as the ceiling tiles and the dimensions

A3 Clipboard Due to the chosen site functioning as a restaurant and bar simultaneously, this meant that while people were eating and drinking in the café we had to conduct our measurements regardless and try to not disturb the customers or the Café’s business. This was achieved by standing and recording everything down on each member’s make-shift

for the beam.

A3 clip board table.

Figure 1.7: Fiberglass ladder

Figure 1.8: A3 wooden clipboard

6

1.3.7 Documenting Media Butter Paper & Template Paper Before going to the cafĂŠ the group had fixed and printed a template which would be used by every member. The template came with a grid lines and boxes, this was so that when on site the information gathered can be neatly recorded and annotated as to avoid any confusion or disarray. The butter paper was so that they could re-use templates and not waste time and resources to keep on printing new templates.

Figure 1.9: Butter papers with sketches

7

1.4 Limitation The group’s task while on site is to gather as much information on the building in terms of dimensions as thoroughly and efficiently as possible.

However there were certain limitations and obstacles the group encountered whilst there. Using teamwork and communication skills, the group worked together to professionally overcome the problems faced.

1.4.1 Customer First there was the issue of space. While taking the measurements during the cafes operating hours there was the issue of not disturbing the customers or staff, the group members had to ensure that belongings and equipment were kept only at the upper floor rather than the ground floor where the customers were dining. This proved to be an

Figure 1.10: Geographer CafĂŠ packed with customers in the afternoon

inconvenience especially when measuring and sketching the ground work and details on the tiles.

8

1.4.2 Decoration & Furniture

1.4.3 Accessibility

Another problem encountered is the lack of space within the vicinity. The

Especially for the bar area and toilet areas located on the ground floor,

Geographers Café has its own unique style of decoration ranging from

there were spaces where beer crates and supplies for the kitchens are

antique furniture to its ceilings plastered with portraits, pictures, and

being stored preventing the group from entering certain areas within the

collection of memorabilia. This made getting precise measurements of

café. Certain portions of the place could not be easily accessed such as

the building rather challenging as the abundance of interior furniture and

the kitchen and store rooms. This meant that some members had to

décor become obstacles which we had to navigate around to produce

improvise and cooperate with the staff working there to get the relevant

more accurate measurements.

information

and

measurements

of

the

space

needed.

1.4.4 Hygiene Though not a major concern there are areas in the building which are quite unhygienic, be it interior or exterior as some members found out when measuring especially the floors, wall corners, ceilings and beams.

Figure 1.11: Geographer Café is filled with decorations and furniture

9

1.4.6 Circulation

1.4.5 Weather

The major issue when measuring the dimensions of the side street

Throughout the visit to Melaka the weather had been quite unpredictable.

pavements, five-foot-ways and roads was the human and vehicular

The group stayed there for a total of 5 days; the first three were spent

traffic. The Geographers Café is located at the corner of the alley where

working under the blazing sun and heat the whole time. The last two

the two roads intersect with oncoming traffic. The area is busy at all times

days’ weather was dreary as it rained non-stop. These conditions proved

as it is located on the famous Jonker Street. All group members had to

to be one of the biggest hurdles, as this meant that taking the external

measure quickly as to not create a scene by stopping traffic, pedestrians

pictures and sketches of the café had to be halted as to not damage the

and the tourists around the site.

drawings or technical equipment.

Figure 1.12: Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café everyday

10

1.5 Method of Documentation A lengthy and detailed account of information was gathered throughout the course of this assignment. In order to keep track of every detail, we were required to use and familiarize ourselves with a variety of tools and software to ensure that the outcome of the assignment is an organised record for the group members to refer to.

1.5.1 Online Research

1.5.2 Book Research As a group, we have also gathered information from books, tourist brochures and photos that were readily available. Some information may not so easily be found within the internet, therefore the group relied on hard copy books and other mediums to get the required information.

Once retrieved the information would be typed out into a word document and uploaded to the group’s main source of communication, the Google Drive.

Research conducted from the internet, articles published online and information from other such websites were summarised into word documents, and as a group agreement, all files and documentations would then be uploaded into a shared Google Drive for every group members’ convenience. This allows each member to have access and the ease of uploading any relevant research and documentation, where the information shared can be viewed by every member within the group.

11

1.5.3 Interviews

1.5.4 Drafting

Some of the group members conducted an interview with the owner of

Butter paper and tracing paper were essential throughout the site visit.

the Geographer Café, Mr Peter Tseng. The interview was carried out in

The semi-transparency of the paper enabled notes and sketches to be

his office which was nearby the assigned site. Mr. Peter gave a detailed

overlapped and cross-referenced to get a clearer understanding of the

presentation with the aid of slides he made a few years back. All relevant

space and surroundings. This was extremely helpful during the initial

pictures, audio “mp3” recordings and video footage taken was again

stages of the measuring of Geographers Café, as many of the group

uploaded into the Google Drive for sharing.

members were yet still unfamiliar with the space and layout of the building. These papers were kept for use after the Melaka trip and used as reference when building the AutoCAD drawings.

Figure 1.13: An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café

Figure 1.14: Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of Geographer Café

12

1.5.5 Photography Serving as one of the most efficient methods of documentation of a building and its site context. Photography and videography was used as a visual record of the groups experience on site. These pictures are helpful as they capture small to large details which may have been missed and provide a clearer mental picture as compared to just relying on memory and sketches.

1.5.6 Sketches All sketches were collected and the relevant drawings were kept for further use. This was so that certain questions or notes written down at the time can be referred to or even used for the later part of this project.

Sketches provide a means of visual representation, the faรงade or interior perspectives can easily be shown in a sketch. These documentations are to later be digitised into any of the designing soft-wares, to be showcased as a proper detailed architectural drawing afterwards.

13

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT 2.1 History of Melaka 2.2 History of Jonker Street 2.3 History of Geographer Café 2.4 Timeline of Events

14

2.1 History of Melaka 2.1.1 Founding of Melaka Melaka is founded by Parameswara, the last Raja of Temasek.

According to the legend, Parameswara was resting under a Melaka tree by the river. One of his hunting dog cornered a mouse deer. In selfdefence, the mouse deer kicked the dog into the river.

Parameswara believed that it was a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the strong. He decided to found an empire on that spot.

Parameswara named the empire after the tree he was resting under, the Melaka tree.

Figure 2.2: Map of Melaka

Melaka proves to be a prime location for an empire. Due to its sheltered harbour, it has abundant water supply. It is also sheltered from monsoon wind, providing traders from other countries a safe place to dock during the monsoon seasons. It was an important entrepĂ´t in Straits of Melaka.

Figure 2.1: Map of Malaysia

15

The Melaka Sultanate ruled Melaka from the 1400s till 1511. In 1409, the Chinese admiral Zheng He arrived Melaka with his naval fleet, seeking to establish diplomatic ties with States west of China. He met with Parameswara and he was granted permission to stay. Melaka become a client kingdom of the Chinese in exchange for protection against the Siamese.

After its adoption of Islam in the 15th century and conversion into a sultanate, the town started to attract traders from the Middle East. It then became a trading centre between the East and the West. Countries like Arab, India and China were able to trade with each other in Melaka.

16

2.1.2 End of Melaka Sultanate Arrival of Portuguese

Arrival of Dutch

The wealth of Melaka attracted the emerging European naval powers.

In 1641, Melaka falls to the hands of the Dutch with the help from Johor’s

The Portuguese arrived at Melaka as a trade partner in 1509. In 1511,

sultan. Melaka was not developed as a trading centre as the Dutch

Alfonso de Albuquerque led an army and conquered Melaka.

placed greater importance to Batavia (Jakarta) on Java as their administrative centre.

A-Famosa fort was built to guard against attack from both the land and the sea. All Portuguese residents live inside the fort while other traders

The fort left by the Portuguese was rebuilt. The outside of the fort was

stay outside the fort.

expanded. The Dutch left their landmark, the Stadthuys in Melaka.

Figure 2.3: Map of Melaka in 1613

Figure 2.4: Map of Melaka in 1753

17

Arrival of British Melaka was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was under the rule of the British, first by the British East India Company and then as a Crown Colony.

Function of Melaka as a port declined. Its status a port is replaced by Penang and Singapore. Land reclamation has been done to increase the land area of Melaka.

Figure 2.5: Map of Melaka in 1916 18

2.1.3 Independence of Malaya

2.1.4 Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site

In 1957, Malaya regain independence from British. States in the West

Formation of UNESCO

Peninsular merge together to form Malaya. Melaka is no longer in the

UNESCO is founded in16 November 1945. It stands for United Nations

hands of other countries.

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO’s main objective is to contribute peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice.

Figure 2.6: Map of Melaka in 1987

Figure 2.7 Logo of UNESCO

19

Difference of Historical and Heritage Site

Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site Melaka is listed as a UNESCO Heritage site in Malaysia in 2008. Melaka

Historical sites are places where pieces of political, military, cultural or

is separated into core zone and buffer zone.

social history happened and thus preserved due to their historical value.

The discovery, collection, organisation and presentation of information about past of people, places and events are important in historical sites.

Heritage site is a man-made or natural site recognised as being of outstanding international importance and therefore deserving special protection. In a heritage site, things from the past which are valued enough today are protected to save for the future generations.

World Heritage Site World heritage sites are places on earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such have been inscribed on the World Heritage list to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.

Figure 2.8: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning

20

The core zone of Melaka is 45.3 hectares while the buffer zone is 242.8 hectares.

Figure 2.9: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area

21

2.2 History of Jonker Street Jalan Hang Jebat is now known as Jonker Walk which is well known for its antique collector’s items and is one of the best place to bargain for antiques or collector’s items. Jonker walk is situated in the heart of Melaka in the old Chinatown. It’s a long narrow road of around 5 hundred meters, packed with old houses and shops dating back to the 17th century.

Figure 2.11: Jonker Street in the 50’s

Figure 2.12: Current Jonker Street Figure 2.10: Map of Jonker Street

22

The story of Jonker Road goes back to the Dutch period of Melaka. The servants and subordinates used to live on Heeren Street. However upon the departure of the Dutch, Heeren Street became nobleman's street.

Rich Babas and Bibiks began to settle and live for the trades there. This

Figure 2.14: Jonker Street during the Dutch period

gave the street a deep rooted ethnic and cultural flavour and purpose.

Originally called “Kampung Belanda” (Dutch Village), it ended up with the choice neighbourhood of “Millionaires’ Row” because of its wellheeled residents.

Figure 2.15: Present day Jonker Street

As collectibles and antiques dating back to the medieval times are available at many shops along the street, hence the name “antique street”. While Jonker Street (from the Dutch word, “Jonkheer”) was named after a place for “young nobleman” who had not quite made it to the upper level of nobility. Heeren Street (originally known as Figure 2.13: House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street

“Herenstraat”), was for the “gentlemen” or “masters in the upper crust of the society”.

23

2.3 History of Geographer Café The Geographer Café was originally Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994 (Figure 2.16). It sits on a corner as a pre-war building, which to this day is Lot. 83. In 1999, construction and renovation was carried out to enhance the characteristics of the building.

Geographer Café (Figure 2.17) opened on the 9th of August in the year 1999, officiated by the Chief Minister of Melaka on 27th of January 2000.

In the year 2005, Geographer Café launched a new extension, the new wing next door, lot no. 81.

Figure 2.16: Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994

These two lots are located in the heart of Old Melaka, on the corner of Jonker Walk (Jalan Hang Jebat) and Jalan Hang Lekir.

Figure 2.17: Geographer Café in 2017

24

The cafe was won several awards; being:

Figure 2.18: 2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19 different colours, each one compliments the other.

Figure 2.19: Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro

25

In the year 1998, Malaysia faced an economic crisis where businessmen

Geographer Café. It was not successful at first, but slowly it started

in Melaka believed in giving new life to the assets their ancestors left

attracting the attention of tourists as well as the locals. Thus, new life

behind, as it is the only way to succeed. In order to do so, they renovated

was given to Jonker Street.

old buildings by giving them new purposes while maintaining the façade.

They called their action the “Second Renaissance”.

The street where Geographer Café sits along has not always been what it is today. Up until the year 1998, Jonker Street was an eerie streets it was surrounded by funeral parlours, casket shops and dilapidated shop houses. The street was eerie, empty and lifeless.

The said building itself was not in any good condition either. Owned by Mr. Peter’s (Geographer Café’s owner) company’s director, the building has 5 Chinese families living on the first floor. They shared a style of living from the olden days, a “communal living style” where the rental outstanding of a room was a meagre RM50 per family.

Geographer Café was an attempt in 1999 by Mr. Peter to bring new life to Melaka. Seeing that lot 83 was not utilised well, Mr. Peter persuaded his director to allow him to renovate lot 83 into what is now known as the

26

2.4 Timeline of Events

1400s

1409

1509

The Melaka Sultanate ruled Melaka.

The Chinese admiral Zheng He arrived Melaka with his naval fleet, seeking to establish diplomatic ties with States west of China.

The wealth of Melaka attracted the emerging European naval powers.

The Portuguese arrived at Melaka as a trade partner.

1511

Alfonso de Albuquerque led an army and conquered Melaka.

1641

Melaka falls to the hands of the Dutch with the help from Johor’s sultan.

Melaka was not developed as a trading centre as the Dutch placed greater importance to Batavia (Jakarta) on Java as their administrative centre.

27

1826

Malacca was under the rule of the British, first by the British East India Company and then as a Crown Colony.

1957

Malaya regain independence from British.

States in the West Peninsular merge together to form Malaya.

Melaka is no longer in the hands of other countries.

1994

The Geographer Café was originally Mei Jing Kopitiam.

It sits on a corner as a pre-war building, which to this day is Lot. 83.

1998

Jonker Street was an eerie streets it was surrounded by funeral parlours, casket shops and dilapidated shop houses.

The street was eerie, empty and lifeless. .

1999

Construction and renovation was carried out to enhance the characteristics of the building giving them new purposes while maintaining the façade. They called their action the “Second Renaissance” in order to bring new life to Jonker Street.

28

2005

2008

Geographer CafĂŠ launched a new extension, the new wing next door, lot no. 81.

Melaka is listed as a UNESCO Heritage site in Malaysia.

Melaka is separated into core zone and buffer zone.

29

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street 3.2 Current Geographer Café and Jonker Street

30

3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street Before the opening of Geographer Cafe, Jonker Street was empty and

The increase in number of people on Jonker Street prevented its closure.

lifeless. The street is eerie and dirty. Surrounded with funeral parlours

People started selling items and food on the street, which formed the

and casket shops, people do not like to go to Jonker Street. Shop houses

now famous Jonker Walk.

on the street were not taken care of and was left in a bad state.

Due to the state it was in, Jonker Street almost faced demolition. To prevent that from happening, Geographer Cafe started placing tables and chairs on the street, increasing the flow of patrons on Jonker Street.

Other coffee shops along the street followed.

Figure 3.1: Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened

31

3.2 Current Geographer CafĂŠ and Jonker Street Geographer Cafe is now a famous dine-in restaurant and top cafe in Melaka. Tourists enjoys the Melakan culture in the cafe that overwhelms its cosy decorum. The architecture of Geographer Cafe signifies its spiritual and cultural aspects of the olden days.

The mixture of Asian and Western trends can be seen here through the architecture of the building, the food, the music as well as the cordial atmosphere around the cafe. The seating arrangement in the cafe is

Figure 3.2: Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing

placed so that customers are able to enjoy the beauty of Jonker Street while enjoying their food and drinks.

Figure 3.3: Geographer cafe in the night packed with people

32

Jonker Street is a busy and lively street. It is filled with tourists every day.

It is no longer the empty and eerie street in the past.

In the morning till afternoon, tourists pass by Jonker Street when sightseeing and looking for food. They take photos of the buildings that can only be found in Melaka.

In the night, Jonker Street comes to life. On Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights, a night market starts on Jonker Street. The street is

Figure 3.4: Tourists walking around in Jonker Street

packed will tourists and locals buying food and items.

Figure 3.5: Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend

33

4.0 DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail 4.2 Modifications to the Building

34

4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail Arkitek KHP FOUNDED: Melaka, Malaysia, 1977 PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR: Tony Khoo Heng Peng Address: 261, Taman Melaka Raya, Melaka, Malaysia 75000 Phone: +60 6-283 5513 FAX: +60 6-283 4413 AIM: to produce thoughtful, well-mannered and well-conceived buildings.

CLIENTS: private individuals and families, charity organizations, churches & government organisations.

The firm operates within a 3 levels open plan studio environment.

In 33 years it has established quite a reputation, both within the profession and the building industry, for archiving results. Its long list clients suggest this reputation is well founded. Specialized in small, medium to large scale projects. During its period of operation, the firm

Figure 4.1: PAM award won by Geographer Cafe

has undertaken a significant body of work comprising over 100 built projects.

35

4.2 Modifications to the Building Lot 83 – Old Wing The exterior of the building was refurbished with new paint and the air hole above the window of the long façade was filled in with a 38” globe with the word “Geographer Café” on it.

Figure 4.2: Lot 83 before renovation

The building’s façade is much livelier and appealing compared to what it used to look like. Passers-by are attracted to the colourful building, thus increasing the flow of visitors to Jonker Street.

Figure 4.3: Lot 83 after renovation

36

The short façade of the Geographer Café. This building has become a

The colours of Geographer Café was chosen carefully so that each

landmark of Jonker Street. Its new painting makes it stand out when

colours complement each other, giving it a new life just as that the owner

compared to other buildings that are situated on the same stretch of road.

wanted.

Figure 4.4: Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation

Figure 4.5: Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation

37

The original columns are left untouched. New coats of paint is added to

The colour of the building and the plants is in a contrast with the white

cover the stains that had formed over the years. Plants were also planted

buildings on the same road. This has successfully caught many people’s

to bring nature into the building.

attention.

Figure 4.6: Columns of lot 83 before renovation

Figure 4.7: Columns of lot 83 after renovation

38

The original Dutch awnings are left untouched. Years of neglect has left

The Dutch awnings were maintained and preserved since it has great

the walls and awnings in a bad state. It is painted with the Geographer

significant and historical values with a priceless antiquity spirit to the

CafÊ’s famous orange colour to cover the mould and watermarks that

building.

has formed on the awning and walls.

Figure 4.8: Awnings of lot 83 before renovation

Figure 4.9: Awnings of lot 83 after renovation

39

One of the window on the ground floor has been removed and was

A ventilation pipe is added to remove the smoke from the kitchen. The

replaced with starlight wall blocks. The windows had been replaced with

windows and door on the ground floor is sealed shut so that small

replicas and the door is repainted. This made the windows and door

animals would not get into the kitchen.

more eye catching.

Figure 4.10: Kitchen exterior before renovation

Figure 4.11: Kitchen exterior after renovation

40

The balcony is extended to the road, forming a connection between the

The extended balcony is a naturally ventilated area. It is a great people

two different lots in lot 83. Plants are grown below it. When the trees are

watching place. Customers can also enjoy the greenery when sitting in

much taller, it formed a natural shade to the balcony.

the balcony.

Figure 4.12: Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation

Figure 4.13: A balcony was extended outwards after renovation

41

The wall at the long façade is partially removed to allow multiple entry

The removal of part of the load bearing wall leads to the increased

into the café. The old metal grill doors are repainted with a shade of

thickness of the columns and arches. Customers can now sit in the

green that complements the orange colour of the walls.

arcade, which increased the amount of customers that can fit in the café at the same time.

Figure 4.14: The walls of lot 83 before renovation

Figure 4.15: Parts of the wall is removed after renovation

42

The ceiling of the ground floor was covered with timber planks. The

The dark brown timber floorings created a warm feeling in the ground

timber planks also serve as floorings for the first floor. The timber beams

floor. It also creates the effect of lowering the space, thus preventing the

were original and are repainted and reused.

space to feel too intimidating.

Figure 4.16: Old timber floorings are removed

Figure 4.17: Timber beams were reused after being repainted

43

A new toilet area was built behind the staircase at the ground floor of the

The toilet is a necessity for a restaurant. The original flow of spaces had

old wing. A partition is added to provide some privacy to the customers.

to be changed to fulfil the function of the building as a cafĂŠ.

Figure 4.18: The walls of the toilet is built during renovation

Figure 4.19: Toilet entrance after renovation

44

On the first floor, the old door which was located at the right side of the

The opening on the wall allowed waiters and customers to place orders

wall was later covered with a plaster wall (blue) after the renovation. A

easily as they would not need to go to the other side of the wall. It is

new opening was created on the wall, acting as a built in bar top.

called the “Blue Wall�.

Figure 4.20: Old wing first floor before renovation

Figure 4.21: Old wing first floor after renovation

45

The before and after “signature� windows at first floor. The current

Casement window is added later onto the window as the room is air

windows are an exact replica of the original building. This is to maintain

conditioned. The casement window is kept closed when the louvered

the originality of the building.

window is opened to prevent energy loss.

Figure 4.22: Original wooden louvered window

Figure 4.23: Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window

46

The air well in the old wing is originally opened only on 2 sides with 2

This created a more continuous and open space in the first floor dining

sides covered with walls. One side of the wall is removed to create a

area. Customers are able to sit around the air well while enjoying snacks

more open air well. It is then fitted with casement windows and louvers.

and drinks.

Figure 4.24: The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation

Figure 4.25: The old wing air well after renovation

47

Timber planks blocking the opening was removed and refurbished with

The louvers are more suitable for the air well as the elements from the

timber louvers for better air ventilation.

windows are carried into the air well.

Figure 4.26: Opening to the air well before renovation

Figure 4.27: Louvers replaced the wall above the air well

48

The first floor was fully renovated with new paint jobs and timber beam

The first floor dining area is much more colourful and bright compared to

and column structures. Electrical appliances such as fans, lights and etc.

the original building. It is much more inviting with new paintings and

were added too.

windows.

Figure 4.28: The old wing first floor dining are before renovation

Figure 4.29: The old wing first floor dining are after renovation

49

Lot 81 – New Wing A new set of timber doors and fixed timber windows were built at the

Greeneries were added later on to provide privacy. The colour scheme

main entrance of the new wing shop lot. A steel folding grille door were

of the new wing is the same with the old wing.

added after the timber doors and fixed windows.

Figure 4.30: Renovation of the new wing

Figure 4.31: New wing after renovation

50

All the walls were repainted with a new colour that complements each

The space is no longer dull and dark. The colours cheers people,

other.

creating a fun environment in the space.

Figure 4.32: New wing dining area before renovation

Figure 4.33: New wing dining area after renovation

51

New timber flooring is fixed to the original timber beams, with the timber

The space underneath the staircase is used as a storeroom. Electrical

planks exposed and can be seen from the ground floor. 2 opening was

appliances and the “keluar� sign was added.

created on the brick wall.

Figure 4.34: New wing bar area before renovation

Figure 4.35: New wing bar area after renovation

52

The old staircase was taken down. Some parts of the walls were

2 new openings were created on the brick wall which creates a sense of

exposed so the old brick walls could be seen, adding a historical sense

connection between the dining area and the bar area. The timber beams

to the area. The old stairs is too old and dangerous, therefore it is

were repainted with a dark brown. Different shades of brown in the dining

removed.

area gives it a warm feeling.

Figure 4.36: New wing dining area with old stairs

Figure 4.37: New wing dining area with old stairs removed

53

Parts of the timber beams in the new wing ground floor dining area were

The atrium is designed so that the ground floor dining area would have

cut and removed to create an atrium. Railings were added for safety

a much open space. This is to prevent the customers to feel

purposes.

claustrophobic in that space.

Figure 4.38: Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area

Figure 4.39: Timber beams are cut to create an atrium

54

New stairs were built as a pathway from the ground floor to the first floor.

The new stairs is built next to the old stairs, separated by a wall. The first

The old stairs that was located in the new wing dining area was too old

few steps were made using bricks and concrete while the other steps

and was removed for safety.

are made of timber.

Figure 4.40: Construction of a new staircase in the new wing

Figure 4.41: Completed staircase in the new wing

55

The roof above the air well was left opened to allow sunlight to come in.

The roof slants inwards and extends into the air well so that rain water

It is also to improve the ventilation in the cafĂŠ.

will fall into the air well.

Figure 4.42: Renovation of the roof and air well

Figure 4.43: Renovated air well in new wing

56

Timber shutter dividers were built to block a direct visual from the outside

Timber partition is also added in front of the kitchen. This is to prevent

into the toilets, providing privacy. It also divides the kitchen and the toilet.

customers from entering the kitchen and also to block their vision into

Paint jobs were done and a sink was added.

the kitchen.

Figure 4.44: Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing

Figure 4.45: Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing

57

On the first floor, the existing wall is removed to allow circulation to the

The roof beams and tiles are also exposed. The plasterboard ceilings

other space. A short flight of stairs is placed to allow customers access

was removed so that customers can admire the beauty of the roof beams

the space below.

and terracotta roof tiles.

Figure 4.46: New wing first floor dining area during renovation

Figure 4.47: New wing first floor dining area after renovation

58

The first floor of the new wing is in a bad state and therefore new timber

Other elements such as the railings, electrical appliances and fans were

floorings were required. Openings for the stair case and air well is made

added. At some areas, the roof is low and allows customers to observe

before timber planks were placed.

the details of the roof beam and roof tiles.

Figure 4.48: New wing first floor air well before renovation

Figure 4.49: New wing first floor air well after renovation

59

Before Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, Geographer Café has undergone several renovations that has altered the interior spaces of the building so that it can function smoothly as a café.

Although some changes had been done on the exterior of the building, the façade of the building is maintained to look just like the old building.

After Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, buildings located in the core zone are protected and are not allowed to undergo renovations that changes the façade and spaces in the building. Since then, Geographer Café has not been under renovation. All the codes for the colours used in Geographer Café is recorded. Only the same colours of paint is used in the future paint jobs.

60

5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE 5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka 5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture 5.2 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe

61

5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka Many types of shop houses can be found in Melaka. They are of different styles as Melaka has been influenced by different cultures. There are a typically 5 types of shop houses in Melaka. Early shop houses, first transition shop houses, second transition shop houses, art deco shop houses and post war shop houses.

Other than post war shop houses, the other shop houses are conservation buildings. These shop houses are the heritage of Melaka and should be taken cared of for the future generations.

Figure 5.1: Typical early shop house components

Early Shop houses (1600s - 1800s) Shop houses built during this time has simple design. It has a single window at the first floor facade. A roof awning covers the front of the shop house.

Figure 5.2: Examples of early shop houses in Melaka

62

Early Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1900s - 1940s) The design of the Early Straits Eclectic shop house is more intricate than the early shop houses. More windows with bigger openings can be found on these shop houses.

Figure 5.3: Early Straits Eclectic shop house faรงade

Figure 5.4: Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits Eclectic shop houses

63

Late Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1910s - 1940s) Compared to Early Straits Eclectic shop houses, more ornamentations can be found on the Late Straits Eclectic shop houses. Some shop houses have 3 floors and had intricately designed windows.

Figure 5.5: Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house components

Figure 5.6: Windows on second storey of Late Straits Eclectic shop houses

64

Art Deco Shop houses (1930s - 1960s) Art Deco shop houses has less ornamentations. It does not have roof awnings like the previous shop houses. In some Art Deco shop houses, pediments and decorated frieze can be found.

Figure 5.7: Art Deco shop house components

Figure 5.8: Window design of Art deco shop houses

65

Post War Shop houses (1930s - Now) Shop houses built post war was not ornamented with ornaments that reflect the culture of different ethnics. Bigger and wider windows line the front facade of the building. Due to the lack of heritage in post war shop houses, they are not conservation buildings.

Figure 5.9: Post war shop house components

Figure 5.10: Examples of post war shop houses

66

5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture Melaka was under the ruling of the British and became one of the four settlements in the Straits Settlements. In the early 20th century, shop houses built in the Straits Settlements began to adopt Western architectural styles with an emphasis on full-length French windows with a pair of full-length timber shutters, an arched or rectangular transom over the window opening, pilasters of classical orders and plaster renderings. Shop houses built with type of architecture is called Straits Eclectic style shop houses.

Figure 5.11: Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house

Unlike the early and traditional shop houses which have a continuous row of windows, the Straits Eclectic style shop houses developed with the breaking of the façade into two or three moulded openings. Such style became popular among the Peranakan Cina community in Melaka and Penang. Structurally, buildings of this style incorporate extensive use of masonry with the introduction of reinforced concrete lintels and beams, timber upper flooring and tiled roofs. On some buildings, the usage of ornaments is at a minimal but when it is applied, it is more significant towards the eye.

Figure 5.12: Geographer CafĂŠ front facade

67

5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe Through the years of history, buildings have been pushed, pulled,

warm atmosphere, great music and friendly service are the sole reasons

poured and stretched into all sorts of shapes and styles. An architectural

this cafe is the heart of Jonker Street.

style is characterized by the features that make a building or structure notable and historically identifiable.

However, architectural style includes elements such as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new

Figure 5.13: Exterior façade of Geographer Café

styles possible.

Geographer Café (Figure 5.11) is an award-winning, corner-lot bistro with lots of flair for a Malaccan nightlife joint. This building has many influences from over the years of culture and history, which shows in the architecture of the building as the mixture of styles from different eras such as Chinese, Dutch, French and Portuguese. The mixture of good Asian and Western pub grub (Figure 5.12), an eccentric, laidback yet

Figure 5.14: Bar area of Geographer Café

68

Geographer Café (Lot 83) is a Straits Eclectic style building. Eclecticism is a nineteenth and twentieth-century architectural style in which a single piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and original.

In architecture and interior design, these elements may include structural features, furniture, decorative motives, distinct historical ornamentation, traditional cultural motifs or styles from other countries. This mixture is usually chosen based on its suitability of the project and the overall aesthetic value.

Figure 5.15: Concrete awning and window of Geographer Café

The windows that located at the corner that outside the building (Figure 5.13) are with concrete awning (Figure 5.14) and Geographer café is the only building with concrete awning in Jonker area.

As for Lot 81, it is an early shop house which dates back to the 1600s. It is built when Melaka is under the ruling of the Dutch. The building is much shorter compared to its neighbours and had a simple façade (Figure 5.16). It can be easily recognised form its covered walkway and small window on the first floor.

Figure 5.16: Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81

69

The window which are located at the first floor (Figure 5.15) are French

The arcade is located at the walkway (Figure 5.17) of the shop. An

louvered windows (Figure 5.16) with a pair of full-length timber shutters,

arcade is a succession of arches (Figure 5.18), each counter-thrusting

a rectangular transom over the window opening.

the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides.

Figure 5.17: Old wing first floor dining area

Figure 5.18: French louvered windows

Figure 5.19: Arcade in the old wing

Figure 5.20: Succession of arches

70

The floor pattern inside (Figure 5.19) and outside the shop (Figure 5.20) is geometric pattern clay floor and the floor tiles made that of terra-cotta are commonly seen in the Straits Eclectic style.

Figure 5.21: New wing ground floor dining area

Figure 5.22: Old wing ground floor dining area

71

6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION 6.1 Spatial Layout and Function 6.2 Classification of Space 6.3 Circulation 6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces 6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior Spaces

72

6.1 Spatial Layout and Function 6.1.1 Hierarchy Geographer cafe is combination of two double-storey shop houses which are No. 81 (New wing) and No. 83 (Old wing). It is located in a conspicuous corner pre-war building right in the heart of Old Melaka.

The cafe is in longitudinal layout and elongated narrow plan. The ground floor contains of dining area, three courtyards, three bars, two kitchens and toilet. The first floor contains of two dining areas, an office, two storerooms, several toilets and a laundry area.

Figure 6.1: Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in massing diagram to show the hierarchy of the number of people

73

Key spaces and specific dimension for the ground floor are labelled in the plan and table below: Spaces

Area (m2)

1

Five foot way

66.44

2

Covered walkway

41.49

3

Dining area 1

26.75

4

Dining area 2

41.57

5

Bar 1

12.61

6

Bar 2

9.62

7

Courtyard 1

4.18

8

Courtyard 2

4.54

9

Courtyard 3

2.59

10

Kitchen 1

11.64

11

Kitchen 2

11.22

12

Toilet 1

5.99

13

Toilet 2

9.73

Figure 6.2: Table showing the area of ground floor spaces

Figure 6.3: Ground floor plan of Geographer CafĂŠ

74

Key spaces and specific dimension for the first floor are labelled in the plan and table below: Space

Area (m2)

14

Dining area 3

61.63

15

Dining area 4

30.97

16

Dining area 5

22.4

17

Bar 3

15.46

18

Office

9.0

19

Store room 1

28.7

20

Store room 2

5.86

21

Laundry

2.95

22

Toilet 3

1.22

23

Balcony

7.95

Figure 6.4: First floor plan of Geographer CafĂŠ

Figure 6.5: First floor plan of Geographer CafĂŠ

75

6.2 Classification of Space 6.2.1 Five Foot Walkway (Sunset Corridor) Sunset Corridor is designed with the arches on the top and it also named as Arched Corridor. The sitting area at the corridor is the best to enjoy the sunset unveiling Jonker Walk’s magical splendour when dusk settles.

Figure 6.6 Old wing five foot way

Figure 6.7: Arches are found along the corridor

76

6.2.2 Air well (Tropical Forest, Little Prince) Air well is one of the unique feature in Melaka houses. The reason of air well is for ventilation purpose and water catchment. Water collected will be used for watering. The air well also allows sunlight into the building, lighting up the space.

Figure 6.8: Air well named as “Little Prince”

Figure 6.9: Air well named as “Tropical Forest”

77

6.2.3 Dining Area The dining area is expanded in length, approximately three time bigger than its width in a rectangular shape. The dining area found at the first level is mostly for family gathering, professional gathering and events like birthday and so on, in comparison to the dining area found in the lower level which is only for casual client. Both levels of the building has its dining area attached to a bar. The upper level area has more privacy compared to the lower part, it is only accessible at night or when reservation is made.

Figure 6.10: Old wing ground floor dining area

Figure 6.11: New wing ground floor dining area

Figure 6.12: Old wing first floor dining area

78

Dining Area (Tango Floor)

Dining area (New wing)

Tango floor is at the first floor of the old wing. The space is open for

The dining area at the new wing is designed with the atrium. The atrium

event and night time. It consists of several windows around the space.

is designed because the preview upper floor slab is low, so the space is

Wooden tables and chairs sit on wooden floors, while the walls are

very small and uncomfortable. With the double volume atrium, the space

adorned with all manner of global paraphernalia and the odd random

is much more opened and welcoming.

antique sits on a shelf. A quieter, wood-panelled room where old French tunes added an eclectic touch to the rustic decor.

Figure 6.13: Tango Floor (Old wing first floor dining area)

Figure 6.14: New wing ground floor dining area

79

6.2.4 Pavement The pavement serves as a circulatory function. This feature can be found in many shop houses in Malacca. It provide accessibility between the shop house and road. Moreover, it allows interaction among the neighbours.

The pavement is covered with red terracotta tiles. It provides a safe place for passers-by to walk on when sightseeing around the area. It protects them from the cars on Jonker Street.

Figure 6.15: Pavement around Geographer CafĂŠ

80

6.3 Circulation Circulation refers to the way people take through and around building. Circulation is often thought of as the 'space between the spaces', having a connective function.

Normally, the entrance of a shop house in Malacca is placed off centre and create its own symmetrical condition about its opening, but Geographer cafe is an exception. Being in a corner lot, they have a lots openings to maximize the flow of patrons into the building.

Figure 6.17: Points of entry

Figure 6.16: Location of Geographer CafĂŠ

81

The old wing is accessed first, followed by the new wing. The sequence

The two staircase are vital to the building circulation, it is the only way to

of spaces is also correlated to the degree of privacy, whereby the dining

create the vertical circulation to connect between the ground floor and

areas are at the front.

the first floor.

Figure 6.18: Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing

Figure 6.19: Location of the staircases in Geographer CafĂŠ

82

6.3.1 Customers’ Circulation The space at the front of cafe is considered as open because the spatial

The customers’ circulation of Geographer Cafe has a linear pattern of

design is avoided the interior barriers like walls and partitions.

movement. While the circulation within the first floor depends on the event and the number of customer. During night, the first floor will be open to public.

Figure 6.20: Customers’ ground floor circulation

Figure 6.21: Customers’ first floor circulation

83

6.3.2 Staff’s Circulation The staff’s circulation is not only same as customers’ circulation, but also

Moreover, the spatial design at the back of the building is considered as

extend to the end of the shop. As a cafe, the staff has to prepare and

private. Areas such as the kitchen, bar and office are blocked with walls

serve the food and drinks to customers. Therefore, they have free

and are connected with narrow walkways. The walls act as a partition

movement within the building such as kitchen, storeroom and bar.

which indirectly prevents customers from entering those spaces.

Figure 6.22: Staff’s ground floor circulation

Figure 6.23: Staff’s first floor circulation

84

6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Space

SPACE

ACCESS

1. Kitchen In the geographer’s cafe, most of the private spaces such as kitchen,

2. Bar

storeroom, and laundry are located at the back of the building and the

3. Dining area( Ground Floor)

dining area is located on the front. Owing to the dining area at the first

4. Dining area ( First Floor)

floor is open to public during night and event, so it considered to be a semi-public.

5. Five foot way 6. Covered Walkway 7. Office 8. Laundry 9. Store room 10. Toilet ( Ground Floor) 11. Toilet ( First Floor)

PRIVATE

Figure 6.24: Public and private spaces in Geographer Café

SEMI PUBLIC

PUBLIC

Figure 6.25: Table indicating public and private spaces in Geographer Café

85

6.5 Relationship between exterior and interior space.

Relationship between covered walkway and the main dining area The cafe is located at junction of the corner-lot as well as the centre of Jonker Street. Jonker Street being one of the most famous place in Melaka, it is pretty much crowded due to the night market in the weekend.

The covered walkway serves as a space connecting the interior spaces to the exterior.

The dining area is an open space and people can look inside from the

Figure 6.27: Covered walkway in the old wing

exterior. This serves as both a way to attract people and as a ventilation to the main dining area. The dining space show a deep sense of openness which help to interact with the people from outside. The dining area consists of different spaces scattered all the way around the building, from the ground floor to the first floor but yet keep connected giving the impression of a labyrinth.

Figure 6.28: Old wing ground floor dining area

86

7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS 7.1 Windows 7.2 Doors 7.3 Awnings 7.4 Air well 7.5 Arcade 7.6 Staircase 7.7 Ornaments

87

Geographer cafĂŠ is located within the brink of pre-war shopping street of

7.1 Windows

Chinatown (Jonker Street) in old Melaka. The Geographer cafĂŠ was built based on the remaining of the ancient time that were seen during

Glass free to allow better ventilation for indoor during the olden days.

the Malayan-Portuguese war. The war took place in the region of Melaka

Windows were designed with louvered technique and materials such as

bringing a multi trends after its end. Therefore, the buildings architecture

timber were widely used. Both openings as each side allow huge

expresses the spiritual and cultural aspects of that specific period. Since

openings created wide view towards the Jonker Street.

the building has an intrinsic value, its preservation was the only option to save its significantly historical value, because once a piece of history

It is considered as one of Geographer’s signature window located on the

destroyed it is lots forever. The imminent design of the building illustrates

first floor (Figure 7.1). After the renovation in 1999, glass were added as

the mixture of Asian and western trends through several architectural

another layer to prevent any damages to the interior of building.

features presents in the building.

Figure 7.1: French louvered windows

88

Figure 7.2: Large windows in the CafĂŠ enable good ventilation.

Figure 7.3: Wooden window located on the first floor (balcony area)

89

7.2 Doors The Geographer has been on Jonker Street for years, and sits inside a beautiful heritage site. The classical style of the shop lot has been renovated, maintaining the charm while playing with the decor.

Geographer CafĂŠ is located in a conspicuous corner pre-war shop house, hence the entrances are placed along the side and front of the building.

This allows spatial circulation of walking path, air ventilation, as well as light penetration. The doors found in the cafĂŠ are mostly the typical fashioned shop-house doors; metal folding doors.

Figure 7.4: Original metal folding doors

90

7.3 Dutch Awnings Looking at the view of Jonker Street through one of the first floor windows which is covered with a typical Dutch awning, one is able to see the life of Jonker Street. This awning is made out of pure concrete, which is why it is still in a good condition after all these years. One of the main advantages of preserving the structure since the year 1999 is that it maintains the originality of the building which then enhances the characteristics of Geographer Café. Three Dutch awnings are located along the long side of the café are well preserved and is maintained to today with constant maintenance such as repainting and sealing cracks.

Figure 7.5: The Dutch awning made of concrete is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer Café.

91

7.4 Air Well Important features of the shop-house is the use of air wells to introduce natural daylight into the interior spaces as well as keeping the building ventilated with natural air. Plants are planted in the air wells where users are able to experience greenery indoor, hence creating an indoor courtyard.

Old buildings like Geographer CafĂŠ are built next to each other, causing the lack of windows. The air wells are built in the middle of the buildings to replace the windows the buildings lack. These air wells are spaces for ventilation purposes as well as a water catchment area. Collected water

Figure 7.6: Air well in the old wing

can be used for household activities.

Figure 7.7: Air well in the new wing

92

7.5 Arcade An arcade is a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a lie of such arches on one or both sides. In the Geographer CafĂŠ, the arches are supported by the columns on both sides, forming a covered walkway.

The arcade provides shelter for the pedestrians from sun and rain.

Tables and chairs are placed in the arcade to provide more seats for the customers especially during the lunch and dinner time.

Figure 7.8: Arcade (Covered Walkway) in the old wing of Geographer CafĂŠ

93

7.6 Staircase There are two staircases in the Geographer Cafe. The first, a half landing

The winder staircase was constructed with modern vertical railings with

staircase which is located in the new wing and secondly, a winder

a narrow gap in between as a protection for children when they ascend

staircase which is located in the old wing. The brick walls only provide

and descend the staircase. Materials such as timber is widely use to

minimal support for both staircases. Both staircases are fully constructed

enhance the warmth and it also harmonises the atmosphere. This allows

with timber. For the half landing staircase, material used in elements of

the user to feel the stability while moving around from space to space.

staircase were made out of timber finishing such as risers, treads, handrails and balusters.

Figure 7.9: Half landing staircase in the old wing

Figure 7.10: Winder staircase in the new wing

94

7.7 Ornaments Pilaster

Geographer globe

The pilaster is used to give the appearance of a supporting column and

Previously when this corner lot was known as Mei Jing Kopitiam, there

to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It

used to be an air hole. The air hole provides proper ventilation and

consists of a flat surface raised from the wall surface, it is usually treated

circulation, however during the renovation, a 38-inch globe was custom-

as though it were a column, with a capital at the top and plinth at the

made to cover it. Inside we see one half of the globe and the other half

bottom.

outside. The globe shines during the day because of sunlight and it is lighted up at night.

Figure 7.11: Pilasters on the exterior façade of Geographer CafÊ

Figure 7.12: Geographer globe from interior

Figure 7.13: Geographer globe from exterior

95

Cornice

Corbels

A cornice is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a

Corbels were first used in medieval cathedrals. They were both

building or furniture element or around the top edge of a pedestal. The

architectural and intentional as a corbel is used to carry a specific weight

function of a projecting cornice is to run rain water off the building’s wall.

of the building or structure which in our case is the structure of the pitch

A cornice normally has a decorative aspect with it. In the Geographer’s

roof.

café, the cornice is place both at the top of the building and at the beginning of the first floor.

Figure 7.15: Corbels supporting the old wing pitched roof

Figure 7.14: The cornice lines the façade of the Geographer Cafe Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting the new wing pitched roof

96

Star Breeze Block The star breeze block is a concrete block suitable for non-load bearing masonry. Its general pattern is a star shape inside a square. The star breeze block can also be linked more broadly to the tradition of the brise soliel, which refers to any kind of sun baffle installed outside the skin of the building. Since the star breeze blocks are not usually structural, they were often used as ornaments to decorate a wall.

In Geographer CafĂŠ, these star breeze blocks can be found only in the old wing toilet and along the old wing staircase. It allows natural sunlight to shine into a space. These star breeze blocks also improves the

Figure 7.17: Star breeze block found along the old wing staircase

ventilation of a space.

Figure 7.18: Star breeze block in the old wing toilet

97

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS 8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction 8.2 Wall Construction 8.3 Roof Construction 8.4 Construction Materials

98

8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction 8.1.1 Ground Floor Slab Construction The base of the building is strengthened by adding aggregate such as stones and sand above ground. Concrete was added into the aggregate before the terracotta tiles were placed as finishing.

As for the covered walkway, cement-sand screed is used and is covered with cement topping. The concrete is then scored to create patterns instead of leaving it plain.

Figure 8.1: Terracotta Tiles

Aside of the covered walkway and air wells, all floors on the ground floor level are covered with terracotta tiles.

Figure 8.2: Scored Concrete Flooring

99

Terracotta Tiles Terra cotta is one of the oldest tile materials around, dating back before the birth of Christ, when it was sun-dried rather than oven-fired. People often use it, glazed or unglazed, to create different looks.

Figure 8.4: Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing

Figure 8.3: Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles

Figure 8.5: Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing

100

Scored Concrete Floor The scoring of the concrete floor is done by using machine tools to score lines or patterns on a dried concrete. This allows different patterns to be created on the concrete.

Figure 8.6: Plan indicating location of scored concrete floor

Figure 8.7: Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway

101

8.1.2 First Floor Slab Construction Timber Floor System Geographer CafĂŠ has mixed construction method. A large section of the first floor uses timber floor system. The timber floor system of some parts in this building consists of timber planks that sits on an array of timber joists. These joists are slotted into concrete beams which are reinforced by steel I beams to resist shear force from acting upon the concrete beam.

Figure 8.9: Timber joists supported by concrete beams

Figure 8.8: Plan indicating the location of timber flooring system

Figure 8.10: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams

102

The other type of timber flooring system is where the timber beams are

The timber joists and timber planks are exposed. It acts as the ceiling for

supported by the walls. Timber joists are then placed onto the timber

the ground floor as well as the floor for the first floor. Footsteps can be

beams. Lastly, the timber planks are fixed onto timber joists.

heard from below when there are people walking above.

Figure 8.11: Timber joists supported by timber beams

Figure 8.12: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams

Figure 8.13: Timber flooring on the first floor

Figure 8.14: Timber planks can be seen from the ground floor

103

Concrete Floor System A small section of the first floor of the cafe is of concrete floor system.

This floor system is constructed of reinforced concrete and is supported by the load bearing walls and columns of the cafe.

The concrete flooring is scored and painted red to create a colourful and fun space.

Figure 8.16: Scored concrete in old wing first floor

Figure 8.15: Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system

Figure 8.17: Connection of the concrete floor to the load bearing wall

104

Strengthening a steel beam may also be achieved by adding shear connectors and providing either a new concrete slab or a new topping over an existing slab of weak concrete.

Figure 8.18: Indication of I beam below the concrete slab

Figure 8.19: Sectional detail for I beam and concrete flooring

105

8.1.3 Columns A column is a vertical structure in a building that transfers load from the beams to the foundation. The columns found in Geographer Cafe supports the overhang of the first floor. It is constructed with reinforced concrete to increase the strength of the column.

Figure 8.20: Round columns in the old wing

Figure 8.21: Quarter-circle column in the old wing

106

8.2 Wall Construction The walls in Geographer Cafe is constructed with bricks. They are load

Newer walls were constructed using English bond. This created an

bearing walls that supports the building. Brick walls were widely used in

interesting pattern on the walls especially where they are connected.

traditional buildings due to its durability on heavy loads. It is also fire resistance which made it important as party walls.

Some walls in Geographer Cafe is exposed. Therefore the type of the bond of the bricks can be identified. The old walls are constructed using Stretcher bond.

Figure 8.23: New wing air well with exposed English bond brick wall

Figure 8.22: Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall

Figure 8.24: A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall and English bond brick wall

107

8.3 Roof Construction Domestic Roof Construction (King Post Truss) The roof construction system used in the building is the King Post Truss

The timber purlins are fixed on the timber beams. Clay roof tiles are

Roof. The structure is built with timber and it is the simplest roof truss

arranged directly on the timber battens. The roof is left exposed so that

structure. It is known as the most cost effective truss and it solves many

all customers can enjoy its beauty.

structural problems as well. The bottom chord acts as a “tie” for the room holding the walls together. In Geographer café the strut is not included.

Figure 8.25: The structure of a King Post Truss.

Figure 8.26: The roof structure of Geographer Café.

108

Clay Tiles (Spanish S-Tile) The roof structure is covered with a layer of coverings using Clay Tiles.

There are many types of clay tiles and in Geographer Café the Spanish S-Tile is used.

Figure 8.28: Construction drawing of clay tiles being attached to roof structure

Figure 8.27: Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its assembling

Figure 8.29: View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings from the outside

109

8.4 Construction Materials 8.4.1 Terracotta Tiles Terracotta tile is low-fired clays. It is commonly reddish and unglazed.

But it may also be hard-fired glazed or unglazed ceramic material. It is formed by pressing clay into a mould.

Terracotta tile is widely used on the ground level of Geographer CafĂŠ.

Depending on the degree of its firing, terracotta tiles are usually durable thus allowing the floors of Geographer CafĂŠ to be in good condition even after a period of time. It is also fireproof and strong providing a desired safety standard to the space.

It can be moulded into any shape virtually and it comes in a variety of

Figure 8.30: Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Cafe

designs, colours and finishes depending on its constructed purpose.

110

8.4.2 Clay Roof Tiles Clay roof tile is one of the oldest and widely used types of roofing in the world. It is extremely durable. It has a lifespan of over a hundred years making its maintenance minimal and economically good. It comes in various shapes and colours. Allowing more roofing techniques to be applied.

This type of roof tile also has reflective properties. It aids in the efficiency of heating and cooling systems. It is also resistant to mould or rot and does not changes its size according to temperature. It is also able to withstand violent weathers such as heavy rain or strong wind.

Figure 8.31: Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof structure

111

8.4.3 Concrete Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made of Portland cement, water and aggregates. Aggregates make up approximately 60-75% of the mixture and they are usually sand and crushed rocks gravels and etc. Different aggregates will influence the concrete differently in terms of its durability, structural performances and cost.

Concrete is widely used in Geographer CafĂŠ. It is used for columns, part of the floor and the walls. Concrete is a non-combustible material allowing it to withstand high temperature or in short, fire resistant. It is

Figure 8.32: Concrete floor that is scored with patterns similar to the terracotta tiles

durable as the weathering and corrosive effects are extremely minimal.

Fresh concrete can be easily handled and moulded to any desired shape.

Concrete requires minimal maintenance as it holds long life span resulting it to be economically good. It also has high compressive strength and good sound insulation to prevent sound pollution.

Figure 8.33: Concrete columns in Geographer CafĂŠ

112

8.4.4 Timber Timber is used for many main elements in Geographer CafĂŠ such as the beams, floorings, windows, the doors and also the ceiling. Timber has a lot of advantages which is why it was greatly used as a structure as support for the building.

Timber can be a very good insulator. Back in the days when technology was not as advanced, a building with proper temperature control was desired to provide a comfortable space to live in. Without the help of technology in the old ages, minimal production energy made timber one

Figure 8.34: Timber floors make up most of the first floor

of the preferred material to construct with.

This material is also easy to work with. It is easy to install and can be used in many ways. Timber is readily available as long as trees are still being planted.

Figure 8.35: Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber planks

113

Figure 8.36: Timber staircase that connects ground floor and first floor.

Figure 8.37: The “signature” window of Geographer Café constructed with timber.

114

8.4.5 Bricks A brick is made up of clay, sand, lime and cement. It is a solid masonry unit composed of inorganic non-metallic materials hardened or burnt by heat or chemical action. It is commonly produced using mould.

Clay bricks are used to construct the walls of Geographer Café. Its surface were rock face and it is rough. Bricks are good in adjusting the building’s temperature. It keeps the building cool throughout the day.

English bond and Dutch bond were used in constructing the walls. The brick walls are combined with both old and new bricks hence having 2 different brick bond techniques.

Moreover, the old brick wall was preserved and add on the new brick wall at the first floor. The brick wall was intentionally skin off to see the

Figure 8.38: Intentionally exposed brick walls of Geographer Café.

contrast between the old brick and new brick.

115

8.4.6 Steel Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron. It is one of the basic materials used in most of today’s civil engineering industry because of its strength and durability.

Steel is extremely durable as it is resistant to rot, mould or termites.

Though it is not used for framing in this building, it is used for its sliding doors, balustrades and railings. Steel also has high compressive and tensile strength in which it does not changes its form when applied with force.

Figure 8.39: Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting

Figure 8.40: Steel railings surround the air well for safety

116

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION 9.1 Stains 9.2 Rusts 9.3 Peeling Paint 9.4 Fading Colours 9.5 Cracks

117

A building defect is defined as a material, component or finish which does not meet its expected performance criteria. Defects can be found in many buildings and form over time. As Geographer CafĂŠ is an old building, defects and dilapidation can be found all over the place.

9.1 Stains Footstep of incoming visitors overtime which cause unwelcoming appearance while moving to another space. This can be removed by

Figure 9.1: Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due to the footprints of customers

cleaning it from time to time.

Figure 9.2: The floor tiles are stained from people’s footprints

118

Elements left before Geographer CafĂŠ, were kept and preserved to

Some stains caused by insects waste and dust are hard to remove as

enhance the significant features of the building. Overtime, weather

they are usually found in hard to reach areas.

cause the elements to differ from its original appearance.

Figure 9.4: Gaps between timber structures are very dirty

Figure 9.3: Exposed roof tiles in the new wing

Figure 9.5: Dust and insect waste get stuck in the Geographer globe

119

9.2 Rust Maintenance are not made frequently may cause rust to form on metal surfaces. Severely rusted items should be replaced for safety purposes.

Other metal surfaces should be coated with anti-corrosion paint to prevent rust.

Figure 9.6: The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are rusted due to the weather

Figure 9.7: Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as it always is exposed to the weather

120

9.3 Peeling Paint A building would require new coats of paint every few years. In Geographer CafĂŠ, some paint has peeled off over time, leaving some spots without any paint. This affects the overall atmosphere of a space.

Figure 9.8: The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame has peeled off due to friction

Figure 9.9: The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from the wall

121

9.4 Fading Colours Colours on the floor, walls or furniture may fade over time due to many reasons such as friction, UV rays or chemical reactions. This causes many places in Geographer Café to lose its original charm, making it feel dirty and uncomfortable.

Figure 9.10: The paint on the concrete floor next to staircase in the old wing is worn off

Figure 9.11: The timber table top’s colour has faded due to customers’ constant rubbing

122

9.5 Cracks Bad workmanship during the construction of the building or other external factors may cause cracks to form on the walls. Some of these cracks may be superficial while some may affect the strength of the building. Any of these cracks would affect the appearance of a building.

Figure 9.12: Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls

Figure 9.13: The thickened arches have cracks on it over time

123

10.0 CONCLUSION 10.1 Historical Significance 10.2 Cultural Significance 10.3 Reflections

124

10.1 Historical Significance The Geographer’s Café has a long history dating back to the early

charm brought by the amalgamation of the old and new is unique as the

beginnings of Jonker Street in Melaka. Since the 18th century the

antiques vary from the extraordinary to the mundane which blend

building has stood where it was first constructed, during all this time

seamlessly with the backdrop of the busy shop-house. This sense of

Melaka had gone through numerous major events. During the 18th

preservation of the past is the highlight of the Geographer’s building as

century the Geographer’s Café has served as a “Kopitiam” to the

many elements of the building itself is left un-altered and restored to its

merchants of Jalan Hang Jebat although back then the building is known

original state. An interactive capsule that captures the essence and

as Mei Jing Kopitiam.

lifestyle of the past.

During the Dutch and British occupation of Melaka, Jalan Hang Jebat was changed to Jonker Street, due to the sudden influx of European migrants this meant that there were more businessmen and trading being conducted along Jonker Street specifically. Jonker Street back then was nicknamed “Wealthy Street”, this wealth meant that there were newer businesses opening up and that the business flourished during this period.

Throughout the building there can be found pre-war antiques and memorabilia which reflects the rich history that the Café already has, this

125

10.2 Cultural Significance Due to the Geographer’s long and diverse history, there have been many

The building itself has been serving customers since it’s early conception

cultural influences which have shaped the building itself. From the

and has been a special place where customers from all different walks

designs to the antiques and posters that can be found throughout the

of life can come to the Geographer’s Café and appreciate the living

café, there is a distinct element from every culture such as the colonial

historical setting of Jonker Walk and the character of the Café itself.

influenced Dutch awnings, posters of British propaganda can be found giving visitors to the Café an insight to what it was like for the people living under the colonial rule at the time.

The very shape of the building is typical of traditional Chinese Nyonya shop-house, the Chinese influence can be seen throughout the Café from olden memorabilia such as posters of singers from the 70’s to the 90’s and traditional Chinese newspaper clippings of various major events that happened during that period. This diversity of cultures extends to the food and drink as well, the Cafés signature dish would be the Curry Ramen which is a very Malaysian fusions dish with Japanese Ramen. The café offers a wide range of drinks as well, from fruit juices and coconut freshly cut, coffee and teas but is especially popular for their alcohol specifically the draught beers and their cocktails.

126

10.3 Reflections The start of the project, we were assigned to study the context, history,

of site visit was not sufficient for us. In addition to the mounting problems

architecture features, significance, measured drawings of Geographer

that we were all experiencing such as measurement that do not tally as

Café, Malacca. Eclectic style architecture that influenced by Chinese

well as dimensions that do not fit. As a result, we had to perform

traditional elements, Dutch influence and etc. Main structures that can

calculated approximations for certain parts of the building. There were

be identified through the façade are the Dutch Awnings and the Chinese

even occasions when certain lengths and dimensions had to be re-

traditional louvered windows and Metal panel doors. Renovations were

measured countless times to ensure its accuracy.

made few years back to enhance the characteristics of the building, which includes the interiors and exterior elements. Interactions with the

Since the building is fully furnished, care had to be taken when recording

building’s owner, Mr Peter Tseng, gave us assistance by providing tours

measurement for different parts of the building especially for places

to understanding the background of this Café are clear.

where most customer activity is observed so that customers would not be disturbed.

We are given five days to collect data that can be done on spot. Planning and organizing are essential to reduce circulation difficulty while

Interacting with the building’s staff also proved to be of assistance to us

identifying necessary measurements when the business is in operating

as that has enabled us to understand the architectural layout and the

hours. Measurements tools are used to increase efficiency such as

historical background of the building better. The curator who gave us a

approximations for certain parts of the building and unreachable height

tour of the café was able to provide us with significant information for the

of the space. Despite the planning and exhausting most of our

different elements or layouts that are represented in the building.

manpower to cover as much of the building as possible, that one week

127

The completion of our drawings with the consultation session with our tutor sees our drawing improve further. The architecture drawing are a huge and crucial part of our project not only to obtain a positive outcome out of this but also to benefit us as individuals during our remaining semesters. Given the numerous datelines and interim sessions which we faced, we had to acquire CAD-ing skill swiftly.

128

11.0 REFERENCES

129

Book References 1. Allen, E., & Iano, J. (2009). The Fundamentals of Building Construction (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2. Ching, D.K. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3. Melaka State Government. The guide to Melaka. (1st ed.). Malaysia: Leisure Guide publishing Sdn. Bhd. 4. Town and Country Planning Department, Melaka. The Core and Buffer Zones of the Historic City of Melaka. Malaysia 5. Teh, B.T., Wahab, N.A., Rusli, N.L. (2009, November 11). Malaysia World Heritage City, Melaka Town. Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

6. Weebers, R.C.M, Ahmad, Y. (2010, July). Architecture and Typology of “Dutch� shop houses in Melaka Malaysia. University of Malaya.

Online References 1. Ahmad. A.G. (1994). The Architectural Style of the Peranakan Cina. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/SeminarPaper/peranakan%20cina.html 2. Anonymous. (2007, September). Sejarah Melaka. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.kotasejarah.blogspot.com 3. Anonymous. (2008). Geographer Cafe (Before and after). Retrieved January 20, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/robomk/geographer-cafe-before-and-after

130

4. Anonymous. (2011). The History Of Geographer Cafe. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/elainechoo87/the-history-of-geographer-cafe 5. Anonymous. (n.d). Difference Between King Post & Queen Post Roof Truss. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://gharpedia.com/king-post-queen-post-roof-truss/ 6. Building Conservation. (2008). Typology of Shop houses in Malaysia. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://buildingconservation.blogspot.com/search/label/Heritage%20Shophouses 7. Channibal.com. (2017). Chinese heritage in Malacca, Malaysia: Heeren Street and early shophouses. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://www.channibal.com/Shop/Heeren.php 8. Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2017). Stainless steel in construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stainless_steel_in_construction#Introduction 9. Gsa.gov. (2016). Terra Cotta: Characteristics, Uses and Problems. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/112578 10. Inspectapedia.com. (2017). Guide to Clay Tile Roof Styles, Shapes, Profiles, Uses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Clay_Tile_Roof_Styles.php 11. Kamal, K. (2008, April 1). Categories and Style of Shop Houses and Townhouses in Malacca and George Town, Malaysia. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from http://buildingconservation.blogspot.my/2009/01/categories-of-shophouses-at-malacca.html

131

12. Malaysiadesignarchive.org. (2017). Malaysia Design Archive | An Influence of Colonial Architecture to Building Styles and Motifs in Colonial Cities in Malaysia. Retrieved January 30, 2017, from http://www.malaysiadesignarchive.org/an-influence-of-colonial-architecture-to-building-styles-and-motifs-in-colonial-cities-in-malaysia/ 13. Orientalarchitecture.com. (2017). Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/cid/94/malaysia/melaka 14. Rozliani, M., Azree, O.M., Norazmawati, M.S., Ruhizal, R., & Hasnanywati, H. (2012). Classification of Inheritance Shop Houses in George Town, Penang – UNESCO world Heritage Site. Retrieved February 16, 2016 from http://anale-ing.uem.ro/2012/16.pdf 15. Selfhelpandmore.com. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Clay Tile Roofing - Self Help and More. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from http://www.selfhelpandmore.com/building/roofing/types/clay-tile.php 16. Stephen Emmitt & Christopher A. Gorse. (2010). Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from http://books.google.com.my/books?id=6G0doVhKG40C&lpg 17. Tastimber.tas.gov.au. (2017). The Benefits of Building with Timber. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://www.tastimber.tas.gov.au/SusArticle_View.aspx?articleid=71 18. Tsong, B.T. (2009). Malaysia World Heritage City: Melaka. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://www.academia.edu/1706634/Malaysia_World_Heritage_City_Melaka 19. Vermonttimberworks.com. (2017). King Post Trusses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://www.vermonttimberworks.com/our-work/timber-trusses/king-post-truss/

132

20. Wijnen, B. (2017). Jonker Walk Melaka. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from http://www.malaysiasite.nl/melakajonkerwalk.htm

133

12.0 APPENDIX 12.1 Photo Book 12.2 Scaled Drawings

134

Photo Book

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

Scaled Drawings

169

METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWING GEOGRAPHER CAFE NO 83, JALAN HANG JEBAT MELAKA 7500, MALAYSIA

PRESENTED BY :

TEAM GEO MELAKA

LIST OF DRAWINGS

NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

DRAWING

DRAWING NO

KEY PLAN, LOCATION PLAN, SITE PLAN & SITE SECTION

GC - MD - KP - 01

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 02

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 03

ROOF PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 04

GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 05

FIRST FLOOR FINISH PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 06

GROUND FLOOR REFLECTED PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 07

FIRST FLOOR REFLECTED PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 08

FRONT ELEVATION

GC - MD - KP - 09

SIDE ELEVATION

GC - MD - KP - 10

SECTION Q - Q

GC - MD - KP - 11

SECTION R - R

GC - MD - KP - 12

SECTION S -S

GC - MD - KP - 13

SECTION T - T

GC - MD - KP - 14

SECTION U - U

GC - MD - KP - 15

NO DRAWING 16 SECTION V - V 17 SECTION W - W 18 SECTION X - X 19 SECTION Y - Y 20 SECTION Z - Z 21 DOOR SCHEDULE 1 22 DOOR SCHEDULE 2 23 WINDOW SCHEDULE 1 24 FLOOR TILING DETAIL: GROUND FLOOR 25 FLOOR TILING DETAIL: FIRST FLOOR 26 DOOR DETAILS 27 WINDOW DETAILS 28 OLD WING STAIRCASE & ATRIUM DETAIL 29 AIR - WELL DETAILS 30 ISOMETRIC & EXPLODED PROJECTION

DRAWING NO GC - MD - KP - 16 GC - MD - KP - 17 GC - MD - KP - 18 GC - MD - KP - 19 GC - MD - KP - 20 GC - MD - KP - 21 GC - MD - KP - 22 GC - MD - KP - 23 GC - MD - KP - 24 GC - MD - KP - 25 GC - MD - KP - 26 GC - MD - KP - 27 GC - MD - KP - 28 GC - MD - KP - 29 GC - MD - KP - 30

B

Bacang

Taman Bakti

Taman Kasturi Taman Bukit Senjuang

Perkampungan Portugis Hatten City Pulau Melaka

B

LA

N

HA

NG

LE K

IU

JALAN TUK ANG EM AS

JA

GEOGRAPHER CAFE

TA

N

CH EN G

LO K

SHOPHOUSE 30

JALAN HANG JEBAT

KA

N

G

TU

JA

JA LA N

LA

N

HA N

JA LA N

ST UR I

JA

LA

N

HA NG

LE

KIR

SHOPHOUSES 21

KO TA

LA K

SA M AN A

SHOPHOUSE 65 / 78 / 79

GEOGRAPHER CAFE

SHOPHOUSE 144

JALAN HANG LEKIR

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

AS SHOWN

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - KP - 01

01 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - FP - 02

02 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - FP - 03

03 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - RP - 04

04 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - FF - 05

05 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - FF - 06

06 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - RCP - 07

07 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

LOUIS, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - RCP - 08

08 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, LOUIS

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - ELE - 09

09 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, LOUIS

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - ELE - 10

10 30

VOID void

VOID

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALEX, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 11

11 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALEX, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 12

12 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALEX, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 13

13 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALEX, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 14

14 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 15

15 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 16

16 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 17

17 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

HAZEL, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 18

18 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

HAZEL, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 19

19 30

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

HAZEL, SUKESH

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SEC - 20

20 30

TYPE

4521 1400

SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBER DOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY

TYPE

SINGLE -LEAF MSM GRILLE DOOR TO DETAIL

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER SALOON DOOR WITH TIMBER DOOR FRAME

TYPE

SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBER DOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY

TYPE

300

1050

424

420

260

120 50

130 130 130

130 75

166

600

75

50 150

260

1500 1200

87 20

80

670

20

100 37.5

Out Out

In

In

Out

In

100

1114

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

LOCATION NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)

TYPE

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOOR PADLET HANDLE TIMBER DOOR FRAME

50

140

915 535

QUANTITY

2 NOS.

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

LOCATION

NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION

NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION

TYPE

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOOR PADLET HANDLE TIMBER DOOR FRAME

50 10

110

110 325

1200 110

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W GLASS PANEL TIMBER DOOR FRAME

TYPE

130

805 570 5

In

In

2 NOS.

OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.) SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR TIMBER DOOR FRAME

TYPE

130 50

130 50

119

Out Out

100

50

In Out

Out

60

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

LOCATION

OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION

OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION

NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)

LOCATION NEW WING STORAGE (FIRST. FLR.)

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

In

1800

QUANTITY

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

800

1 NOS.

GC - MD - DS - 21

21 30

TEN-LEAF MS. FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

TYPE

FIVE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

TYPE

SIX-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

TYPE

BLACK POWDER COATED MS.GRILL DOOR WITH MS.GRILLE ABOVE 1800MM HIGH FENCE WALL WITH CEMENT PLASTER ON BOTH SIDES

TYPE

5146

128

392

127

70

40 40

2000

305

50

10

4558 440

350

45 Fold

50

2539 2120

NEW Out

Fold

In

In

Fold

Fold

QUANTITY

QUANTITY

LOCATION NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)

1 NOS.

TYPE

1195 50

248

51

836 660

1 NOS.

QUANTITY 1 NOS. LOCATION OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION OLD WING BALCONY (GRD. FLR.)

TIMBER SLIDING DOOR TIMBER DOOR FRAME

TYPE

BLACK POWDER COATED GRILL DOOR

Out

Fold

QUANTITY 1 NOS.

TYPE

OLD

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR TIMBER DOOR FRAME

124 50

10 95

130

2007 882

1054 700 600

In

Out

OLD

NEW

In

Out

SLIDING

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

LOCATION NEW WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

QUANTITY

LOCATION

1 NOS.

NEW WING (FIRST. FLR.)

QUANTITY 1 NOS.

LOCATION NEW WING WASHROOM (FIRST. FLR.)

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

ALL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - DS - 22

22 30

TYPE

POWDER COATED ALUMN. FRAME TOP HUNG WINDOW & SLIDING WINDOW C/W 6MM THK.CLEAR GLASS

TYPE

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)

TYPE

TYPE

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME

240 75

3722

395 35 90

38

3750 468

1022

3722

230

35

90

1022

240 23

1239

2250 750

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

750

750

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

LOCATION

NEW WING KITCHEN (GRD. FLR.)

TYPE

TIMBER LOUVERED WINDOW

1 NOS.

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

LOCATION

LOCATION

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

TYPE

ALUMINIUM LOUVERED WINDOW

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

FIXED GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME

5207 75

150 3561 60

QUANTITY

LOCATION

33 675

1 NOS.

OLD WING BALCONY (FIRST. FLR.)

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

900

195

75

345

75

195 250

345

454

75 75

75

120

QUANTITY

2 NOS.

LOCATION NEW WING TOILET (FIRST. FLR.)

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

LOCATION

NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 30

DRAWN BY :

ALL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - WS - 23

23 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

CHO MUN

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - TD - 24

24 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

CHO MUN

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - TD - 25

25 30

TYPE

SEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

BARRICADE COLLAPSIBLE GATE METAL GATE FRAME

TYPE

2531 2531 100 100

2858 17 17

404

404

18 18

18 18

364

Out

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

LOCATION

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

LOCATION

OLD WING RIGHT (FIRST. FLR.)

SIXTEEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

360

400

55

2777 2777

5050

5050

376 376

54

565

2861 2861 97

97

25 50

Fold

100

3440

364 364

100 100

THREE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

308 1130

308

97

5050

97

In

Out

In

2580 2482

2415 2284

Fold

In

Out

In

Out

Out

Fold

Fold

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

1 NOS.

1 NOS.

1 NOS.

LOCATION

OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

308

308

100

100 100

Fold

SEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR METAL DOOR FRAME

METAL DOOR FRAME

2415 2315

TYPE

97

In

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZEL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - DD - 26

26 30

TYPE

TYPE

TIMBER WINDOW

CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS

75 75

150 150

1190 1190 1040 1040

75 75

130 50 1600 443

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

623

115

1 NOS.

NEW WING FRONT DINING AREA (GRD. FLR.)

CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS WITH GLASS WINDOW

77 77

1189 1189 1035 1035

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

LOCATION

OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

TYPE

BLUE PAINTED TIMBER GRILL WINDOW

115 115 77 77

1130 1130

58 58

70 70

120 120 25 25

130 45

45

QUANTITY

3 NOS.

QUANTITY

1 NOS.

LOCATION

OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

LOCATION

OLD WING STORAGE ROOM (FIRST. FLR.)

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZEL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

40

130 40

GC - MD - WD - 27

27 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

CHIAO ER, HAZEL

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - SD - 28

28 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 50

DRAWN BY :

MAN KIT

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY : -

GC - MD - AWD - 29

29 30

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :

06 / 03 / 2016

SCALE :

1 : 100

DRAWN BY :

J.H TAY

CHECKED BY :

DMZ

MEASURED BY:

-

GC - MD - ISO- 30

30 30

170

171