Conflicts and Cooperation in the Management of Climate Change Survey 2016 Enumerator Name 1
Region
2
District
3
Village
5
Household number
6
Name of household head
7
Respondent
8
Age of respondent
9
Date of interview Time at beginning of interview
10
…..…../………/…………... Time at close of interview
11 12
Supervisor verification
ACCEPTABLE NOT ACCEPTABLE
HOUSEHOLD
HH member code
We would like to know about you and your family. Can you please tell us about all the members of your family starting with yourself? 1. List the names of all members of the 2. What is the age of 3.What is the highest grade 4. What is the household starting with the household the household completed by this household primary occupation head member? member? of this person?
5. Are you Married?
6. Do you own a plot
7. Do you own a plot
8. Do you own a plot
1=Yes 2=No
1=Yes 2=No
in (Ares)
1=homestead 2=farmstead
If no schooling completed put zero Include members who live in the household or who are living but migrated outside of the household. Do not include those that are deceased. name
whole years completed (e.g.14.5=14)
Grade completed (see code below)
0=None 1=Pre-school 2=Primary 3=JSS or JHS-Middle school certificate 4= SSS or SHS/Technical 5= Tertiary 6=Non-formal 7=Arabic education
1=Crop production 2=Tree crop production 3=Livestock 4=Fishing 5=Crop product marketing 6=Livestock marketing 7=Petty trading 8=Salaried worker 9=other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
see codes below
1
Groups and Networks
Main question: What kind of associational forms exist (inter/intra community, across livelihoods/gender)? How has the adaptation intervention changed associational forms? - Establishing level and structures of Social capital 1.1.
Of which groups, organisations or networks are you currently a member? Are these inter or intra community groups? Has this changed as a result of the intervention?
Group Farmer Groups or Cooperatives Traders Associations Labour Union Community Committee Religious Organisation (Church, Mosque etc) Political Group (Party membership) Cultural Groups Finance, Credit or Savings Group Youth Group Water Mangement Committee Other Group
Name of Organisation
Inter- or intra-community/livelihood i.e Pastoralists/Farmers
Existed Prior to Adaptation Interventions? Major changes as a result of the adaptation interventions
1.2. Compared to before the adaptation intervention, do members of your household participate in more or fewer groups or organizations? The top three most important groups to which you are a member (above), indicate for each one which has become more important, and which less important since the intervention? Importance Since Intervention (More, The Same, Fewer)
Group
1.3.
Frequency of Meetings Since Adaptation Intervention (More, The Same or Fewer)
Explain?
Of all the groups to which members of your household belong, which two are the most important to your household? Has this changed as result of the adaptation intervention? Name of Group/Association/Organisation 1
1.4.
2 What is the Main Benefit which membership of the organisation/association/organisation
1.5
Thinking of the Members of the Groups, are most of the same: Group 1 Yes
Community Kinship or Family Religion Gender Age Ethnicity Occupation/Livelihood
No
Group 2 Yes
No
1.6.
Since the adaptation intervention, has membership in the group declined, remained the same, or increased?
Group 1
1.7.
Group 2
How have leaders in this group been selected? Group 1
Group 2
Elected Selected by an Outside Party/Person Selected by a Small Group of Members Leader Chooses His Successor By Birth Right 1.8.
Does this group work or interact with other groups with similar goals in the Community? Has this changed since the adaptation intervention? (No, Occaisionally, Frequently)
1.9.
Does this group work or interact with other groups with similar goals ouside the Community? Has this changed since the adaptation intervention? (No, Occaisionally, Frequently)
1.10
Does this group work or interact with other groups with different goals in the Community. Has this changed since the intervention? (No, Occaisionally, Frequently)
1.11.
Does this group work or interact with other groups with different goals outside the Community. Has this changed since the intervention? (No, Occiassionallu, Frequently)
1.12
What is the most important source of expertise or advice which this group receives? Group 1.
1
From within the membership
2
From other sources within the community
3
From sources outside the community (which ones)
Group 2.
1.12 If you suddenly needed a small amount of money, how many people beyond your immediate household could you turn to within your community who would be willing to provide this money? Zero Zero to Two Two to Four More than Fore
1.13 If you suddenly needed a small amount of money, how many people beyond your immediate household could you turn to outside of your community who would be willing to provide this money? Zero Zero to Two Two to Four More than Fore
1.14
If more than Zero for 1.14 before, do you share: 1
Ethnic Ties
2
Livelihoods/Occupation (the same)
3
Formal Associational Membership (Youth Group, Savings Group, Women's Group etc.)
2
Trust and Solidarity Main question: How has the Adaptation Intervention Altered Patterns of Trust (inter- vs intra community)?
2.1 .
Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or that you can’t be too careful in your dealings with other people? People can be Trusted You Can never be too Careful
2.2 .
2.3 .
In general, do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (1. Strongly Agree; 2. Agree; 3. Neither Agree or Disagree; 4. Disagree; Strongly Disagree a.
Most people who live in this community can be trusted.
b.
In this community, one has to be alert or someone is likely to take advantage of you.
c.
Most people in this community are willing to help if you need it.
d.
In this community, people generally do not trust each other in matters of lending and borrowing money
In general, do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (1. Strongly Agree; 2. Agree; 3. Neither Agree or Disagree; 4. Disagree; Strongly Disagree a.
Most people who live in other nearby communities can be trusted.
b.
In other nearby communities, one has to be alert or someone is likely to take advantage of you.
c.
Most people in other nearby communities are willing to help if you need it.
d.
In other nearby communities, people generally do not trust each other in matters of lending and borrowing money
2.4. On a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 means a very small extent and 5 means a very great extent, how much do you trust the people in that category? Has this changed since the adaptation intervention? Before Intervention
2.5.
2.5.
a.
Peole from the same community but different ethnic grouo
b.
People from a different community but the same ethnic group
c.
People from the same community and the same ethnic group
d.
People from a different community and a different ethnic group
e.
People from the same ethnic group, the same community but different livelihood/occupation
f.
People from a different ethnic group, a different community and a different livelihood/occupation
After Intervention
Do you think that since the adaptation intervention, the level of trust in this community has gotten better, worse, or stayed about the same? 1
Gotten better
2
Gotten worse
3
Stayed about the same
Do you think that since the adaptation intervention, the level of trust between this community and other nearby communities has gotten better, worse, or stayed about the same? 1
Gotten better
2
Gotten worse
3
Stayed about the same 6.
If a community project does not directly benefit you, but has benefits for many others in the community, would you contribute time or money to the project? a.
Time:
b.
Money
Will Contribute
Will Contribute
Will not Contribute
Will not Contribute
If a community project in another community but has indirect benefits for many in your community, would you contribute time or money to the project? 7
a.
Time:
b.
Money
Will Contribute
Will Contribute
Will not Contribute
Will not Contribute
3Collective Action & Cooperation: Main question: What is the Capacity for Collective Action (within and between groups)? 3.1.
3.2.
In the past 2 years, have you worked with others in your community to do something for the benefit of the community? a.
Yes
b.
No
What were the three main such activities in the past 2 years? Was participation in these voluntary or required? Activity
Voluntary
Required
1 2 3 3.3.
In total, how many days in the past 12 months did you or anyone else in your household participate in community activities?
3.4.
How likely was it that people who did not participate in community activities were criticized or sanctioned prior to the intervention?
3.5.
a.
Very likely
b.
Somewhat likely
c.
Neither likely nor unlikely
d.
Somewhat unlikely
e.
Very unlikely
How likely was it that people who did not participate in community activities were criticized or sanctioned after the intervention? a.
Very likely
b.
Somewhat likely
c.
Neither likely nor unlikely
d.
Somewhat unlikely
e.
Very unlikely
3.6.
3.7.
In the past 2 years, have you worked with others in a different community to do something for the benefit of you community or theirs (or both)? a.
Yes
b.
No
What were the three main such (between communities) activities in the past 2 years? Was participation in these voluntary or required? Activity
Voluntary
Required
1 2 3 3.8.
3.9.
How likely was it that people who did not participate in the inter-community activities were criticized or sanctioned prior to the intervention? a.
Very likely
b.
Somewhat likely
c.
Neither likely nor unlikely
d.
Somewhat unlikely
e.
Very unlikely
If there was a water supply/land shortage problem in this community, how likely is it that people will cooperate to try to solve the problem? Has this changed since the intervention? a.
Very likely
a.
Yes (Explain)
b.
Somewhat likely
b.
No
c.
Neither likely nor unlikely
d.
Somewhat unlikely
e.
Very unlikely
3.10
If there was a water supply problem affecting several communities (pastoralists/agro-pastoralists/other communities), how likely is it that people will cooperate to try to solve the problem? Has this changed since the intervention? a.
Very likely
b.
Somewhat likely
c.
Neither likely nor unlikely
d.
Somewhat unlikely
e.
Very unlikely
4
Information & Communication Main question: In how far, and through means, does information flow through different inter and intra communities/groups
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
How long does it take you to reach the nearest working post office (or other important communication hub - nearest town? 1
Less than 15 minutes
2
15-30 minutes
3
31-60 minutes
4
More than one hour
Do you own a mobile phone? a.
Yes
b.
No
How much money do you spend per week on credit for your mobile phone? a.
Between $0,25 and $0,5
b.
Between $0,5 and $2
c.
Between $2 and $5
d.
Between $5 and $10
e.
More than $10
How often do you listen to the radio? a.
Every day
b.
A few times a week
c.
Once a week
d.
Less than once a week
e.
Never
4.5.
4.6.
How often do you watch television? a.
Every day
b.
A few times a week
c.
Once a week
d.
Less than once a week
e.
Never
What are the three most important sources of information about what the government is doing (such as agricultural extension, workfare, family planning, etc.)? How has this changed since the intervention? Source a.
Relatives, friends and neighbors
b.
Community bulletin board
c.
Local market
d.
Community or local newspaper
e.
National newspaper
f.
Radio
g.
Television
h.
Groups or associations
i
Business or work associates
j.
Political associates
l.
Community leaders
m.
An agent of the government
n.
NGOs
o.
Internet
p.
Other
Before Intervention
After Intervention
4.7.
What are the three most important sources of information about market information (prices, input prices, weather information)? How has this changed since the intervention? Source
4.8.
4.8.
a.
Relatives, friends and neighbors
b.
Community bulletin board
c.
Local market
d.
Community or local newspaper
e.
National newspaper
f.
Radio
g.
Television
h.
Groups or associations
i
Business or work associates
j.
Political associates
l.
Community leaders
m.
An agent of the government
n.
NGOs
o.
Internet
p.
Other
Before Intervention
After Intervention
In general, compared to before the intervention, has access to information improved, deteriorated, or stayed about the same? a.
Improved
b.
Deteriorated
c.
Stayed about the same
How many times have you traveled to, for instance, a neighboring community or town in the past 12 months?
5
Social Cohesion and Inclusion Main question: How bonded is the Community/group?
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
How strong is the feeling of togetherness or closeness in your community? Use a five point scale where 1 means feeling very distant and 5 means feeling very close. 1
Very distant
2
Somewhat distant
3
Neither distant nor close
4
Somewhat close
5
Very close
How strong is the feeling of togetherness or closeness in your community with other nearby communities ? Use a five point scale where 1 means feeling very distant and 5 means feeling very close. 1
Very distant
2
Somewhat distant
3
Neither distant nor close
4
Somewhat close
5
Very close
How has this changed as a result of the adaptation intervention: a.
Strengthened
b.
Weakened
c.
Remained the same
5.4 .
There are often differences in characteristics between people living in the same community. For example, differences in wealth, income, occupation. social status, ethnic background, race, caste, or tribe. There can also be differences in religious or political beliefs, or there can be differences due to age or sex. To what extent do any such differences characterize your community? Use a five point scale where 1 means to a very great extent and 5 means to a very small extent. 1
5.5.
5.6
To a very great extent
2
To a great extent
3
Neither great nor small extent
4
To a small extent
5
To a very small extent
Do any of these differences cause problems? a.
Yes
b.
No
Which two differences most often cause problems? a.
Differences in education
b.
Differences in landholding
c.
Differences in wealth/material possessions
d.
Differences in social status
e.
Differences between men and women
f.
Differences between younger and older generations
g.
Differences between long-term and recent residents
h.
Differences in political party affiliations
i.
Differences in religious beliefs
j.
Differences in ethnic background/ race/caste/tribe
k.
Other differences
5.7.
5.8.
Have these problems ever led to violence/destruction of property? a.
Yes
b.
No
There are often differences in characteristics between people living in the different communities. For example, differences in wealth, income, occupation. social status, ethnic background, race, caste, or tribe. There can also be differences in religious or political beliefs, or there can be differences due to age or sex. To what extent does this characterise the relationship between your and other communities? Use a five point scale where 1 means to a very great extent and 5 means to a very small extent. 1
5.9.
5.10
To a very great extent
2
To a great extent
3
Neither great nor small extent
4
To a small extent
5
To a very small extent
Do any of these differences cause problems? a.
Yes
b.
No
Which two differences most often cause problems? a.
Differences in education
b.
Differences in landholding
c.
Differences in wealth/material possessions
d.
Differences in social status
e.
Differences between men and women
f.
Differences between younger and older generations
g.
Differences between long-term and recent residents
h.
Differences in political party affiliations
i.
Differences in religious beliefs
5.11
5.12
j.
Differences in ethnic background/ race/caste/tribe
k.
Other differences
Have these problems ever led to violence/destruction of property? a.
Yes
b.
No
Are there groups of people in the community who are prevented from or do not have access to any of the following? Has this changed since the intervention? a.
Yes
How many are excluded?
b.
No
Only a few people Many people, but less than half of the village/neighborhood More than half the community
Before Intervention
After Intervention
Before Intervention
5.13
5.14
a.
Education/schools
b.
Health services/clinics
c.
Water
d.
Justice
e.
Transportation
f.
Land
g.
Credit/Savings Groups
h.
Other
After Intervention
Are the community/group activities in which you are not allowed to participate? Has this changed with the intervention? a.
Yes
b.
No
Why are you not allowed to participate? a.
Poverty
b.
Occupation
c.
Lack of education
d.
Gender
e.
Age
Before Intervention a.
Education/schools
b.
Health services/clinics
c.
Water
d.
Justice
e.
Transportation
f.
Land
g.
Credit/Savings Groups
h.
Other
After Intervention
f.
Religion
g.
Political affiliation
h.
Ethnicity or language spoken/race/caste/tribe
i.
Other
5.15
In the last month, how many times have you met with people from the same community in a public place either to talk or to have food or drinks? Has this changed since the intervention?
5.16
In the last month, how many times have you met with people from a different community in a public place either to talk or to have food or drinks? Has this changed since the intervention?
5.17
In the last month, how many times have people from the same community visited you in your home? Has this changed since the intervention?
5.18
In the last month, how many times have people from a different community visited you in your home? Has this changed since the intervention?
5.19
In the last month, how many times have you visited people from a different community in their home?
5.20
In the last month, how many times have you visited people from the same community in their home? Has this changed since the intervention?
5.21
Where the people you met mostly: Yes/No a.
Of different ethnic or linguistic group/race/caste/tribe
b.
Of different livelihood/occupation
c.
Of different social status
e.
Of different religious group
5.22
How many times in the past 12 months did you participate in a family/village/community festival or ceremony (wedding, funeral, religious festival, etc.)?
5.23
How many times in the past 12 months did you participate in a festival or ceremony (wedding, funeral, religious festival) in a community which is not your own?
6 Conflict and Cooperation Main question: How has the Adaptation Intervention shaped new dynamics of conflict and cooperation? 6.1.
Have you heard of the following projects (mention project)?
6.2.
Did you participate in its implementation
6.3.
a.
Yes
b.
No
List the 4 most important crops for the household (ranked in terms of importance and area under cultivation - these may not provide the same order) Ranking Crops (ranked)
Before Intervention
After Intervention
1 2 3 4 6.4.
Has the implementation of this project created conflict within the HH/Community (intra)? a.
Yes
b.
No
6.5.
If yes what kind of conflict explain:
6.6.
Has the implementation of this project created conflict between your HH and another (Inter)? a.
Yes
b.
No
Area under Cultivation Before Intervention
After Intervention
6.7.
If yes what kind of conflict explain: Has the implementation of this project created conflict between your community and another (Inter), including pastoral? communities a.
Yes
b.
No
6.8.
If yes what kind of conflict explain:
6.9.
Has the implementation of this project created cooperation within the HH/Community (intra)? a.
Yes
b.
No
6.10
If yes what kind of conflict explain:
6.11
Has the implementation of this project created cooperation between your HH and another (Inter)? a.
Yes
b.
No
6.12
If yes what kind of conflict explain:
6.13
Has the implementation of this project created cooperation between your community and another (Inter), including pastoral? communities
6.14
a.
Yes
b.
No
If yes what kind of conflict explain:
6.15
In your opinion, is this community generally peaceful or marked by conflict? Has this changed since the adaptation intervention? Before Intervention
6.16
1
Very peaceful
2
Moderately peaceful
3
Neither peaceful nor violent
4
Moderately violent
5
Very violent
Compared to before the adaptation intervention, has the level of conflict in this community increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Before Intervention
6.17
1
Increased a lot
2
Increased a little
3
Stayed about the Same
4
Decreased a Little
5
Decrease a lot
After Intervention
Compared to before the adaptation intervention, has the level of conflict in between your community and others (including pastoralists) increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Before Intervention
6.18
After Intervention
1
Increased a lot
2
Increased a little
3
Stayed about the Same
4
Decreased a Little
5
Decrease a lot
In the past 10 years, have any of your assets been contested by anyone/groups within your community? Has this changed since the intervention? a.
Yes
b.
No
After Intervention
6.19
How many times?
6.20
In the past 10 years, have any of your assets been contested by anyone/groups from other communities? Has this changed since the intervention? a.
Yes
b.
No
6.21
How many times?
6.22
In the past 12 months, have you been subjected to violence? a.
Yes
b.
No
6.23
How many times?
6.24
Have you heard of the following projects
6.25
Apart from the adaptation intervention, indicate which adaptation technologies that you think can easily generate conflict? Explain a.
Technology
b.
Early planting
c.
Using improved varieties
d.
Using drought tolerant varieties
e.
Bounding of fields
f.
Irrigation
g.
Stargered planting
h.
Dry-Season Farming
i.
Crop livestock intergration
j.
Bush fallow
k.
Fertilization
Indicate (tick)
Explain
6.26
l.
Cover cropping
m.
Crop rotation
n.
Mixed cropping
o.
Mulching
Apart from the adaptation intervention, indicate which adaptation technologies that you think can easily generate cooperation? Explain a.
Technology
b.
Early planting
c.
Using improved varieties
d.
Using drought tolerant varieties
e.
Bounding of fields
f.
Irrigation
g.
Stargered planting
h.
Dry-Season Farming
i.
Crop livestock intergration
j.
Bush fallow
k.
Fertilization
l.
Cover cropping
m.
Crop rotation
n.
Mixed cropping
o.
Mulching
Indicate (tick)
Explain
7
Empowerment and Political Action Main question: In how far are different groups (inter & intra community) connected to local government/able to initiate government actions?
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
Overall, how much impact do you think you have in making this community a better place to live? a.
A big impact
b.
A small impact
c.
No impact
In the past 12 months, how often have people in this community gotten together to jointly petition government officials or political leaders for something benefit -ing the community? a.
Never
b.
Once
c.
A few times (≤ 5)
d.
Many times (> 5)
Were any of these petitions successful? a.
Yes, all were successful
b.
Most were successful
c.
Most were unsuccessful
d.
None were successful
In the past 12 months, have you done any of the following? Yes/No a.
Attend a community council meeting, public hearing, or public discussion group
b.
Met with a politician, called him/her, or sent a letter
c.
Participated in a protest or demonstration
d.
Participated in an information or election campaign
e.
Alerted newspaper, radio or TV to a local problem
With people from other communities present (yes/no)
7.5.
7.6.
f.
Notified police or court about a local problem
g.
Had a meeting or gathering of any kind with people from other communities.
Did you vote in the last state/national/presidential election? a.
Yes
b.
No
Who do you regard as the most important authority locally in terms of improving your community? Has this changed since the intervention? Before Intervention
7.7.
a.
local government
b.
chiefs/traditional authorities
c.
water/land governing bodies
d.
market authorities
e.
other
To what extent do local government and local leaders take into account concerns voiced by you and people like you when they make decisions that affect you? Has this changed since the intervention? Before Intervention
7.8.
After Intervention
a.
A lot
b.
A little
c.
Not at all
After Intervention
Do you pay taxes/levies? (time or money) To whom? Has this changed since the intervention? Before Intervention a.
Yes
b.
No
After Intervention
8 Gender Main question: What has been the impact of the adaptation on gender relations? 8.1.
Has this project increased women access to land a.
Yes
b.
No
8.2.
explain your answer:
8.3.
Has this project resulted in increased women income a.
Yes
b.
No
8.4.
explain your answer:
8.5.
Has this project resulted in decreased women income
8.6.
a.
Yes
b.
No
explain your answer: