THE ECOLOGIES OF A RESSOURCE H/East & H/West
TEAM MEMBERS J端rg B端hrer | Rushabh Chheda | Hardik Joshi Kevin Sigl | Michelle Mosimann
page 2
information
Introduction
District
Mumbai City I Mumbai Suburban
Municipal Solid waste management (= MSWM) constitutes a seri-
Stage
Maharashtra
ous problem in many third world Cities. Almost 70% of the waste
Area
603.4 km
on an average in these cities is untreated and dumped in open
Population
12.5 Mio
grounds. Over the next several decades, globalization, rapid ur-
> 4.8 million urban
banization and economic growth in the developing world tend to
> 7.2 million slums comprising
further deteriorate this situation.
2
This documentation focuses only on the waste management system of Mumbai. More precisely, the work concentrates on two gi-
H/ West ward Area
11.55km 2
Population 420‘000
ven wards named H/ West and H/ East. The dossier itself is splitted in three parts. First part gives an overview over the city and the waste management in general and ends with our first impressions of the given wards. The second part focuses on the analysis of H/
H/ East ward Area
18.53km 2
Population 580‘000
West and H/ East ward. The last part discribes possible interventions for the waste treatment based on the analysis.
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
The people next to the holi lake „Bandra Talao“ try to show respect for the nature. In fact, they feed the fishes, birds and goats around the lake. 1.: West ward, open Space, Bandra Talao Lake
„We aren‘t that much afraid of infections. The houses right next to the nalas have a net on the window to protect from moscitos.“ 3.: East ward, informal housing, Behrampada
„Because of the sort of my customer, I throw away 8kg vegetables every day.“ 5.: East ward, commercial, Kalina Market
The promenade of Khardanda is a former dumpyard. Shockingly no one cares about it because of its public function. 2.: West ward, open space, Khardanda
One of the biggest problem is the waste which clogs up the nalas.
4.: East ward, informal housing, Behrampada
„The blocked nalas overfloaw regulary my house and noone cares about it!“ 6.: West ward, housing, Pali Village
page 4
1
NORTH MUMBAI
INDIA
12.5 MIO PEOPLE LIVE IN MUMBAI.
MUMBAI
2
WESTERN SUBURBS
1 MIO PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-WARD. H-WARD
3
H WEST H EAST
SOUTH MUMBAI
7.: Map of India
DISPOSAL SITES: 1 GORAI 2 MULUND 3 DEONAR
8.: Map of Mumbai
MACRO LOCATION
WASTE SYSTEM IN GENERAL
Mumbai, initially Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra
Most cities do not collect the totality of wastes generated, and out
in India. Mumbai was originally a conglomeration of seven
of this, only a fraction receives proper disposal. The insufficient
islands on the Konkan coastline which grew together through land
collection and inappropriate disposal of solid wastes represent a
reclamation to form a single island. The most important seaport of
source of water, land and air pollution, and pose risks to human
the subcontinent is located on the island of Salsette off the west
health and the environment.
coast of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the largest city in India and one
Mumbai is divided in six zones and 24 wards. To handle the 7500
of the most populous cities in the world. It has its own set of issues
MT (= metric tonnes) of garbage every day, each ward is divided
being a very big multifaceted, multidimensional city with a huge
in administrative zones. The street sweeping and drain activities
population of about 12 million which comprise of 4.8 million urban
in each zone are organized by Junior Overseers. These activities
and slums comprising of 7.2 million. The city has a huge floating
are carried out seven days a week - some areas single and some
population of 3 million plus and the demand of better infrastructure
double or triple shift operation. Community bins and containers
is ever growing. But as the population is ever-increasing and also
are used for storage of street sweeping, domestic and commercial
the demands, the city has reached a point of saturation in order of
refuse. The transport is carried out by the vehicles of the Solid
giving even the basic amenities to its citizens.
Waste Management as well as by vehicles of private contractors.
600 MT daily
13%
78MT
15%
90MT
20%
20MT
52%
312MT
SOLID WASTE SEWAGE WASTE
THE SEAWAGE SYSTEM IS MORE THAN A 100 YEARS OLD. IT COVER 125 KM AND RUNS UNDERGROUND.
WET ORGANIC WASTE SAND, FINE EARTH RECYCABLE DRY ORGANIC WASTE
1 MILLION CUBIC METER URINE GOES EVERY YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA. 9.: Solid waste system
10.: Sewage waste system
30‘000 TONNES OF FAECES GOES EVERY YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.
CHEMICALS FROM SMALL INDUSTRIES GO DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
EAST WARD
420‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-WEST WARD.
580‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-EAST WARD.
4
WEST WARD
1 1 CA.
??
40%
SOME REFUSE IS DEPOSITED ON THE BEACH OR IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WASHED AWAY BY THE FLOOD.
3
2
TYPOLOGIES: 1 INFORMAL HOUSING 2 RESIDENTIAL 3 OPEN SPACES 4 COMMERCIAL
BANDRA TALAO (LAKE)
3
11.: Map of H/ East and H/ West ward
Impressions and first steps
Secondly we were impressed by the industrial areas in the informal
The H-ward is located on western part of Mumbai. It consists of
housing regions. First we thought they easily throw their
30.08 km2 and population of around 10 lakh (as per 2011 census).
waste into the water, but actually they collect all their garbage
On our first field circuit we had several impressions of our two
and recycle it. Moreover, the slums are pretty well organized itself,
wards H/ West and H/ East. The two wards act as connection bet-
although the working conditions are catastrophic. The inhabitants
ween North and South Mumbai. The whole area is well connected
work twelve hours a day for survival and to meet daily needs.
to the water, named the Arabian Sea on western side, the Mithi
Nonetheless this recycling system doesn‘t work for the whole city.
River on eastern side and numerous of Nalas.
The unpleasant truth is that each day a lot of recycling material just
We started with our tour in the south at Bandra Fort. By following
ends in Deonar, the huge dumping yard.
a given route (see 14) we discovered several places. The first and
Because of the diversity of our ward, we decided to categorize
most impressive place was the slum called Behrampada. The
the land use in 4 typologies: informal housing (including industrial
slum is located right next to the Bandra Station and is known as
areas), residential, open spaces and commercial. As a first
one of the slums with the highest storeys. Behrampada is located
step we tried to figure out the waste management system for each
right next to a huge Nala, which is almost covered by all kind of
typology and calculated the share of waste that get into the water,
garbage. This picture we encounter throughout our whole tour.
transported to Deonar or be recycled.
KHARDANDA PHOENIX CITY KURLA
GOLIBAR
CST ROAD
KALINA MARKET
CARTER ROAD
PALI NAKA
BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX
PALI VILLAGE
BANDRA TALAO RANWAR VILLAGE
MIG COLONY BAZAAR ROAD
BANDRA FORT 12.: Site tour through ward H
BANDRA STATION
BEHRAMPADA
page 6
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INFORMAL HOUSING
BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX PALI VILLAGE CARTER ROAD UNION PARK SANTACRUZ WEST
OPEN SPACES INDUSTRIAL HUTCH MITHI RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM WARD BORDER STREETS
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
13.: Map of H/ East and H/ West ward including typologies
TYPOLOGy 1: RESIDENTIAL
throw it in community bins by themselves. Generation of dry waste
H/ west ward has more of residences than on H/ east ward. Formal
in residences is more then in slums.
residences consist of 48% out of total polpulation of H-ward and
Few residences from union park in Khar west area have come to-
this typology generates approximately more then 300MT refuse
gether and formed ALM (= Advanced Locality Management) under
daily.
B.M.C. known as „Union park residents association“ which works
Formal residencces can be later divided into Elite class, middle
into solid waste management within the area as well. Eco - garden,
class and lower middle class. Elite class generates more of dry
vermi - compost pit are few examples of the association‘s work
waste then middle class and lower middle class are more profitable
done within union park area. Dry waste is recycled within the area
for ragpickers to be around the same area. Elite class generates
and wet waste are put in vermi compost pit hence, no waste goes
around 4-5 kgs whereas middle class and lower middle class ge-
to community bin then to deonar.
nerates 1-2 kgs of waste daily.
„Triratna prerna mandal“ based in Santacruz west is a non profit
H/ east consists more of informal residences with informal small
organisation founded by World Bank which works in solid waste
scale industries on the banks of Mithi River. 60% of residences
management. Volunteers of this association separate wet and dry
have more organised way of dumping as the B.MC. officials collect
waste from community bins. Dry waste is later sold to recyclers
waste from house to house on regular basis rest 40% has to yet
and wet waste is taken by MCGM to deonar.
216 TONNES WASTE OR 36 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ALL RESIDENTIALS.
B.M.C.
INOFFICIAL COLLECTER RAGDEALERS
SEGREGATION
OFFICIAL B.M.C. COLLECTER 144 TONNES RAGDEALERS RECYCLABLE WASTE (OFFICIAL)
SEGREGATION
14.: Waste management system of residentials
THE SEGREGATED WASTE IS COLLECTED IN THE HOUSE. ONCE A DAY B.M.C. COLLECT THE TRASH AND TAKE IT TO DEONAR. UNFORTUNATELY THE TRASH IS LATER MIXED AGAIN.
RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS HAVE THE MOST EFFECTIVE WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. BUT THE FACT IS THAT THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AS THE WASTE ISN‘T SEGREGATED AND MANAGED SEPERATELY.
480‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN RESIDENTIALS
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
BEHRAMPADA GOLIBAR DYANESHWAR ROAD BHARAT ROAD CST ROAD
TYPOLOGy 2: inFORMAL HOUSING
dump them in the community bins from where the waste is picked
The informal settlements form 52 % of the total residential popula-
up by compactor trucks twice a day, once in the morning and
tion of the city. Of these 52 %, 80% are on privately owned lands.
once in the evening and transported to Deonar dumping grounds
Most of these settlements have a very high human density and the
where it is dumped. Most of these settlements have either a major,
streets very narrow, due to the unregulated growth in the number
minor nalla, the Mithi River or its tributary passing through it and
of households and also a regular inflow of residents. This category
also apart from mornings there is no one who collects and dumps
also includes urban fishing villages. H-ward has one fishing village
the waste in the community bins so all that gets dumped in these
in the west and a few slum settlements like Golibar, Behrampada,
waters, causing clogging, flooding and pollution. There are a few
Dyaneshwar, Bharat etc. on the east, this shows that there is a
N.G.O’s who work with the waste pickers and help them in various
vast difference in the class of people living in the east and the
ways.
west.
These settlements face problems of unavailability of basic sanita-
H/ East has a lot of households from the poor class. These settle-
tion and hygiene facilities like toilets, drainage and waste manage-
ments have community bins on the periphery where individual was-
ment. The B.M.C fails majorly at the management level in case of
te collectors hired by the B.M.C. go door to door every morning
such settlements.
between 5 am to 2 pm to collect unsegregated mixed waste and
B.M.C.
EXAMPEL BEHRAMPADA SLUM: 3 DIFFERENT PICKUPS 3X DAILY 6TONNES / PICKUP = 54 TONNES DAILY
54 TONNES WASTE OR 9 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ONE SLUM.
20 TONNES RECYCLABLE WASTE/ONE SLUM.
DUMPYARD AT THE EDGE: THE DUMPBINS ARE ARRANGED ON THE EDGE OF THE SLUM. THE WASTE IS DISPOSED BY THE WOMEN AND SHOVELED INTO THE TRUCK BY THE PEOPLE OF B.M.C.
SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN FROM 5AM TO 2PM. CLEANERS EARN 4500 RUPEES PER MONTH
RAGPICKERS COLLECT THE RECYCLABLE WASTE FROM THE BLACK WATER
INFORMAL INDUSTRIES IN SLUM, ESPECIALLY TEXTILE DYEING, DISPOSE UNFILTERED CHEMICAL WASTE INTO THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. ACID(2%), DYE COLOUR(3%), WATER(95%)
15.: Waste management system of informal housing
MORE THAN 20% OF ALL WASTE ENDS UP IN THE NALAS. THIS OUT OF HABIT AND LAZINESS.
UP TO
1000 LITRES CHEMICALS PER DAY PER UNIT.... .....THERE ARE HUNDREDS
520‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN SLUMS.
page 8
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
BANDRA TALAO BANDRA FORT CARTER ROAD
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INFORMAL HOUSING OPEN SPACES INDUSTRIAL HUTCH MITHI RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM WARD BORDER STREETS
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
16.: Map of H East and West ward including typologies
typology 3: OPEN SPACES
Ganesh festival is approaching for the idols. Many people staying
Open spaces are one of the buffer zone within densely populated
around it or have shops around around are very well connected to
areas on both the sides. Open spaces in turn are meant for public
the talao by activities like fishing, feeding fishes, feeding birds etc.
use and amenities for people staying in the vicinity. Open spaces
Spaces like „Bandra fort“ and „Carter road promenade“ are on the
were evenly distriuted on both H/ West and H/ East ward. These
banks of arabian sea are maintained well within itself but wastes
spaces were either used for public spaces u providing a water body
which is in the sea are not cleaned at all.
within densely populated area or areas meant for pulic like playing
„Banks of Koliwada, khar danda are neglected completely and
ground, parks, jogging etc. Spaces which were recently made by
hence have ecome huge dumping yard within the community itself.
government or heritage structures were very well maintained ut on
Sewage lines of the koliwada village are ending in the sea ma-
spaces like water body, grounds were poorly maintained by BMC.
king pure water dirty, which in turn becomes an open invitation for
Spaces which are on the western side of railway tracks and ad-
people to put waste into it. Khar danda area which has jetties for
jacent to arabian sea are maintained properly within itself but the
fishing is being developed as boat station and left over waste is
adjacent sea is being neglected.
mied with sand for levelling. Private organisation are also working
„Bandra talao“ which is within the residences areas is poorly main-
withing the communities in terms of sweeping, house to house
tained by BMC. It is only cleaned throughly once in a year when the
collection off waste.
PEDRESTIANS
parle-G
THE LAKE IS CLEANED ONCE A YEAR BEFORE A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL (GANESH CHATURTHI). BISCUITS TO FEED THE FISHES (INCLUDING PACKAGING)
SOME REFUSE IS DEPOSITED ON THE BEACH OR IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WASHED AWAY BY THE FLOOD.
CHEMICALS WHICH PUSH THE WASTE TO THE SHORE OF THE BANDRA TALAO LAKE.
THE NALAS ARE COVERED WITH GARBAGE. DURING THE MONSOON MONTHS THE WATER OVERFLOWS THE LOWER REGIONS. B.M.C. CLEANS THE SYSTEM JUST BEFORE THE RAINY SEASON STARTS. .
B.M.C
BANDRA TALAO (LAKE)
WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A YEAR. DUMPYARD ON THE EDGE. .
B.M.C
WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A DAY BY B.M.C. CA.
??
60%
SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED AT THE MAINSTREET DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN.
COLLECTING BY RAGPICKERS
SORTING
RAGDEALERS
ARABIAN SEA
17.: Waste management system of open spaces
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
KALINA MARKET BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX PHOENIX MARKET CITY BAZAAR ROAD BANDRA STATION
typology 4: COMMERCIAL
eartern part of H-ward covers huge land adjoining some part of it
Commercial sector in H/ East ward plays a huge role as eastern
to Mithi river. Huge partition wall have been constructed in BKC
side covers big land of elite commercial spaces. Small scale com-
area to neglect the Mithi River. Neglecting the river in turns pro-
mercial markets plays a huge role in generation of waste as it has
motes informal and illegal housing to form a base along the river.
more of dry waste production.
Structure is very much organised in high commercial offices which
Markets like „Kalina market“ which includes shops and illegal ven-
goes to community bins from where ragpickers segregate dry and
dors creates both dry and wet waste depending on the the area it
wet waste and sell the dry waste to manufacturers or recyclers.
covers for its market. Vendors in market generates more of organic
Wet waste is taken by trucks from community bins every morning
(wet) waste as they contain wet waste like vegetales, fruits etc.
and goes to Deonar. BKC is promoting green revolution in terms of
Shops in Kalina market generates more of dry waste which is then
waste management withing the complex, but it doesn‘t reflect on
dumped to nearby community bin which is within the slum area
the back side of BKC where it is adjoining Mithi river.
which already has problems of waste and sewage. Waste from
Due to high temporary wall constructed adjoining the Mithi river,
vendors are not collected in the night which leads them to store
informal settlements have started growing along the banks. These
waste till next morning.
informal settlements either starts living or creating small scale in-
Bandra kurla complex (BKC) which is elite commercial area in the
dustry leaving all sort of waste in the river.
B.M.C.
B.M.C.
INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION AT DUMPGROUNDS AND RESTAURANTS
SHOPS & RESTAURANTS: SMALL RESTAURANTS > BINS > TRUCKS BIG RESTAURANTS > TRUCKS SHOPS > BINS > TRUCKS
KALINA MARKET: LOTS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS GENERATED WHICH IS COLLECTED BY THE B.M.C. IN THE MORNING AND TRANSPORTED TO THE DUMPINGYARD.
INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION
ORGANIC WASTE: 8KG / VENDOR --> 30 VENDORS RAGDEALERS
SEGREGATION
COLLECTION BY RAGPICKERS
RECYCLING 18.: Waste management system of commercial
TRUCKDRIVER DAVE
DEONAR
page 10
MUMBAI
POSSIBILITIES LOCATION LOADING STATIONS LOADING STATION BANDRA RAILWAY SYSTEM
19.: Map of Mumbai
IDEA
CASE STUDY
The idea entails a high degree of public participation, increased
Union Park Residents Association (= Upra) is a non-profit, non-
shift towards a refuse collection and processing system which is
religious, social-n-charity organisation, registered as alm no. 104
achievable at an individual residential block or co-operative housing
with MCMG 2003. Upra is representative of a residential area com-
society level, by various systems which are affordable, reliable and
prising of 42 buildings and 8 bungalows spread over five lanes
sustainable. The intervention aims to be practical and realistic in
(road no. 3, 4, 5, Deccan Road and Govind Ghag Marg - Union
the approach, laying stress on the interdisciplinary nature of solid
Park Main Road).
waste management and to tackle various prevalent issues with a
It deals with solid waste management withing the each society.
significant degree of detail of various processes involved. The idea
„Sealine Society“ is one of the main society which handles its own
is to make the citizens aware that solid waste management is not a
wet waste. There are total 12 families residing and segregating
passive technology or an efficient organisation of a workforce but
waste withing their house. Wet waste (non-cooked food) from each
that is based on a wide range of parameters involving interventions
house is collected and put into vermi compost pit with worms for
at various organisational and settlement levels.
composting. Compost pit is closed tight or 2 months for any sunlight to not penetrate into it. Compost is ready as a natural fertilizer.
WORMS
GOVERNMENT
WET WASTE
> FUNDS
COMPOST
B.M.C. > RESSOURCES > REGULATORY > GOVERNING BODY
N.G.O. A.L.M. PRIVATE SECTOR
SOCIETY COMPOST PIT
GARDEN COMPOST PIT
WET WASTE IN PIT
Shreded leaves and cut grass in pit
WORMS OVER WET WASTE
WORMS OVER THE LEAVES
> SEGREGATION > HOUSE TO HOUSE COLLECTION > TRANSPORTATION
CLOSD LID FOR 2 MONTHS
CLOSD LID FOR 2 MONTHS
INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS
COMPOST IS READY
COMPOST IS READY
> EMPLOYMENT > POLICIES > RULES > MANAGEMENT
RAG PICKERS
> TAX
20.: Hierarchy system all over ward H.
21.: System of Union Park Residents Association.
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
HOUSING: INDIVIDUAL LEVEL For the slum we offer two different solutions in order to improve
For a formal residential level, our proposal is applying an already
the current situation of the wet waste management. On one hand,
applied solution in Pune, which is being provided by the institute of
at an individual level, there is a possibility to build a mini-biogasdi-
appropriate rural technology (= ARTI) They offer different types of
gester by using parts from home depot . With two buckets, some
biogas digesters: one is a balcony model of 0.5 m 3 and the other
houses and electrical conducts it is possible to build a system for
one is a terrace model of 1.0m 3 of capacity. This compact biogas
cooking, which supplies 5-10 minutes methane gas a day. There-
plant runs mostly with food waste and supplies enough gas for
fore we provide an instruction for free in terms of a course or pro-
cooking and even a small amount of solid waste, which can be
spect and inform them about the health hazards caused by the
used as fertilizer. Just 2 kg of grain flour, spoilt grain, overripe or
current chulhas. On the other hand, as a collective solution, we
spoilt fruit, non edible seeds, fruits and rhizomes, green leaves, kit-
propose to put vermi-composts, where the people without biogas
chen waste, leftover food, etc. produces about 500 g of methane,
digester can dump it. All the other types of waste should be segre-
and the reaction is completed with 24 hours. The system is highly
gated at its source by a new profession for the inhabitants of the
effective due to its high calorific and nutritive value of feedstock.
slum so called rag segregators. Under the surveillance of a local
The smallest biogas plant plus the biogas stove from ARTI costs
NGO, they segregate it and dispose them in further interventions.
around 11’000 INR for one household.
SEGREGATION TYPE 1
SEGREGATION TYPE 1
MINI-BIOGAS CONVERTER
WET ORGANIC:
GAS OUTLET
COLLECTION IN BIOPLANT
GAS HOLDER
DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS
INLET
OUTLET FERMENTER
SEGREGATION TYPE 2
SEGREGATION TYPE 2 WET ORGANIC: COLLECTION IN BINS
DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS
DRY ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (MORNING)
WET ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (AFTERNOON)
22.: Proposed wet waste management system of informal houses and residentials.
page 12
HOUSING: COMMUNITY LEVEL
treating the waste where it gets generated and saving money for
At the community level, 50 to 60 households or 15 to 20 appart-
transportation. Wet waste is segregated into food leftovers, and
ment blocks can form a community which handles the waste on
vegetables and fruits. Food leftovers from commercial areas are
their own. Basically, we deal with the idea of the inhabitants segre-
treated at biogas plants.The other method of handling wet organic
gating the waste into wet waste (green bins) and dry waste (blue
waste is by constructing vermicompost and compost pits in each
bins). Then by house to house collection, taking it to a segregation
society to create organic fertilizers.
spot where the wet waste in managed at a community level either
The recyclables are sold to the rag dealers and/ or go on to the re-
by compost, vermicompost or in a bio methanation plant and the
cycling industries. The biogas plants within the ward have different
dry waste is segregated by the rag pickers into recyclable (such as
sizes: They would process around 5 to 8 tons of wet waste daily,
glass, plastic, paper and metal) and non-recyclable, which goes
while 80% of the output would be used to generate biogas. It is
directly to the incinerator in the city outskirts. On the other hand,
used to generate electricity and supply the street lights, the lefto-
we have the wet waste management. The solution from ARTI is
ver solid waste can be used as a fertilizer. 20% of useless solid
not only for domestic use, but also for collective waste disposal.
leftovers which cannot be treated, would be sent to the incinerator.
Various biogas plants within the ward are supposed to take care
In fact with a proper handling we could gain 12‘000 units (around
of a part of the city‘s wet waste, where we deal with the idea of
4kWh) per day, which would be sufficient for 8000 streetlights.
DISPOSING / COLLECTING POINTS dry waste
wet waste
BIOGAS CH4 (METHAN)
RAGDEALERS
SAND & FINE EARTH
90 TONNES
LEVELLING
RAGPICKERS
LOADING STATION BANDRA
DAILY
23.: Proposed wet waste management system of commercial level.
RECYCLING
IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI
CITY LEVEL
FOCUS: BIO METHANATION PLANT
At the city level, the Government and the B.M.C. is the acting body
The bio methanation plant is a tank in which the wet organic waste
which handles the overall management of different types of waste.
is treated to create outputs in the form of bio gas and natural fer-
The organic waste from hotels, restaurants, vegetable markets, fruit
tilizers. All the organic waste which is collected at either individual
markets is transported to bigger methanation plants of 100-200 tpd
or community level is sent to this plant, where the waste is further
capacities where it is treated to create electricity from biogas and
segregated for treatment. In the air-tight tank, bacteria and other
also bio mass. Out of all the organic waste 20 % cannot be treated
microbes break down the organic material while releasing methane
at the plant which is sent to the collection spots at the train stations
gas. Carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars. Proteins
and then is transported to incinerators outside the city by trains.
are broken down to amino acids and lipids are broken down to
Also the dry organic wastes after segregation is sent to the stations
long chain fatty acids. The more high calorific and nutritive value
and then the recyclables are transported to recycling units, the inert
to microbes the feedstock has, the more effective the system be-
materials are used to level low lands and the dry wastes like leather
comes and the more methane gas is being produced. Nearly all
etc which cant be naturally decomposed is sent to the incinerators
volatile organic nutrition entering a digester will end up as metha-
fro treatment. At every level of intervention, the outputs like electri-
ne. Small amounts will be incorporated in newly formed biomass,
city, biomass, biogas, slag from incineration is utilised for the city.
which can be used as fertilizer.
5 TONS A DAY 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 40‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 14‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR ... OUT OF A 5 TONS PLANT 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 48‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 17‘520‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 7% PAPER SAVE 6% PLASTIC SAVE 3% METALL SAVE 4% GLASS SAVE
672‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 245‘300‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 300‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 109‘500‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR
TRAINS INSTEAD OF TRUCKS SAVE 768 KM/ DAY OR 46‘720 LITER DIESEL/ YEAR OR 2‘803‘200 RUPEES/ YEAR
SAVED 727‘000‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR
DEONAR
INCINERATOR 24.: Proposed wet waste management system of city level.
page 14
List of references Desai, R.: Decentralized solid waste management system, a sustainable solid waste management system for a zero garbage concept for H (west) ward of Mumbai, Yashwantrao chavan Maharashtra open University, study center: Rizvi college of architecture, Mumbai, 2011-2012 Narain, S.: Why waste, Science and Environment Fortnightly, Down to earth, Adani‘s Green Initiatives, 1. print March 16-31, 2014 Chandrakant tambe (junior overseer H - west ward) Seema redkar (Bmc official of solid waste management) Rekha desai (Decentralised solid waste management) www.wikipedia.ch, 10.0.2014