INDIA
RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS HAVE THE MOST EFFECTIVE WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. BUT THE FACT IS THAT THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AS THE WASTE ISN‘T SEGREGATED AND MANAGED SEPERATELY.
12.5 MIO
MUMBAI
216 TONNES
THE SEGREGATED WASTE IS COLLECTED IN THE HOUSE TWICE A DAY. B.M.C. COLLECTS THE TRASH AND TAKES IT TO DEONAR. UNFORTUNATELY THE TRASH IS LATER MIXED AGAIN.
1 MIO
PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-WARD
H-WARD
3
OUT OF SIGHT, OUT OF MIND.
SEGREGATION
RAGDEALERS
WASTE OR 36 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ALL RESIDENTIALS. S
NALAS BY PUBLIC AREAS
INOFFICIAL COLLECTERS RECYCLABLE WASTE
OFFICIAL B.M.C. COLLECTERS
DISPOSAL SITES: 1 GORAI
TONNES
2 MULUND
SEGREGATION
OF WASTE END IN THE NALAS
RAGDEALERS
SOUTH MU MBAI
3 DEONAR
EXAMPLE BANDRA TALAO
THE NALAS ARE COVERED WITH GARBAGE. DURING THE MONSOON MONTHS THE WATER OVERFLOWS THE LOWER REGIEONS. B.M.C. CLEANS THE SYSTEM JUST BEFORE THE RAINY SEASON STARTS.
THE LAKE IS CLEANED ONCE A YEAR BEFORE A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL (GANESH CHATURTHI). DURING THIS FESTIVAL, IT IS TRADITION TO THROW SCULPTURES OF GOD MADE OF PLASTER INTO THE LAKE.
CHEMICALS WHICH PUSH THE WASTE TO THE SHORE OF THE BANDRA TALAO LAKE.
COMMERCIAL
„Every day, because of the sort of my customer, I throw away 8 kilo vegetables.“ INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION AT DUMPGROUNDS AND RESTAURANTS
TONNES
BANDRA TALAO (LAKE)
OF WASTE
WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A YEAR.
B.M.C.
G-elrap
TONNES
POPULATION
DENSITY
DUMPYARD ON THE EDGE.
SHOPS & RESTAURANTS: SMALL RESTAURANTS > BINS > TRUCKS BIG RESTAURANTS > TRUCKS SHOPS > BINS > TRUCKS
B.M.C.
KALINA MARKET: LOTS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS GENERATED WHICH IS COLLECTED BY THE B.M.C. IN THE MORNING AND TRANSPORTED TO THE DUMPINGYARD.
WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A DAY BY B.M.C.
BANDRA 600-800 PPH
8% IN H-WARD
OF WASTE
COMPOST
THE ECOLOTO GIES OF A RESOURCE
Plan
SOCIETY COMPOST PIT WET WASTE IN PIT
??%
Section
AC
WORMS OVER THE LEAVES
COMPOST FOR 2 MONTHS
COMPOST FOR 2 MONTHS
COLLECTION BY RAGPICKERS
SEGREGATION
COMPOST IS READY
RAGDEALERS
SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED AT THE MAINSTREET DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN.
RAGDEALERS
SEGREGATION
COLLECTION BY RAGPICKERS
H-WARD MAP
GAS OUTLET
THE BIO MEGAS HOLDER THANATION PLANT IS A TANK OUTLET INLET IN WHICH THE WET ORGANIC FERMENTER WASTE IS TREATED TO CREATE OUTPUTS IN THE FORM OF BIO GAS AND NATURAL FERTILIZERS. ALL THE ORGANIC WASTE WHICH IS COLLECTED AT EITHER INDIVIDUAL OR COMMUNITY LEVEL IS SENT TO THIS PLANT, WHERE THE WASTE IS FURTHER SEGREGATED. IN THE AIR-TIGHT TANK BACTERIA AND OTHER MICROBES BREAK DOWN THE ORGANIC MATERIAL WHILE RELEASING METHANE GAS. CARBOHYDRATES ARE BROKEN DOWN TO SIMPLE SUGARS. NEARLY ALL VOLATILE ORGANIC NUTRITION ENTERING A DIGESTER WILL END UP AS METHANE.
WET ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (AFTERNOON)
DISPOSING / COLLECTING POINTS
BIOGAS PLANT
DISPOSING / COLLECTION POINTS THE DUMPYARDS ARE ARRANGED ON THE EDGE OF THE SLUM. THERE ARE UP TO 500 INHABITANTS PER YARD. THE WASTE IS DISPOSED BY THE WOMEN AND SHOVELED INTO THE TRUCK BY THE PEOPLE OF B.M.C.
BASICALLY, WE DEAL WITH THE IDEA OF THE INHABITANTS SEGREGATING THE WASTE INTO WET WASTE (GREEN BINS) AND DRY WASTE (BLUE BINS). DAILY PICKUP FOR WET ORGANIC AT COLLECTION POINT
520‘000
PEOPLE LIVE IN SLUMS
INDUSTRIAL HUTCH
N
SEWAGE WASTE
DAILY PICKUP FOR DRY ORGANIC AT COLLECTION POINT
POTENTIAL FROM H-WARD DAILY PICKUP FOR WET ORGANIC AT COLLECTION POINT
165 TONNES
ABOVE SURFACE
IN: WET ORGANIC WASTE
INPUTS
BIOMETHANGAS DAILY
B.M.C.
312 TONNES
ALONG STREETS
DAILY PICKUP FOR DRY ORGANIC AT COLLECTION POINT
DAILY
3120 MIO LITERS
312 T 100%
WET ORGANIC:
30‘630 CARS CAN DRIVE 100KM
• • • • •
RECYCLABLE WASTE
RAGDEALERS COLLECTED BY RAGPICKERS
COMPOST TROLLIES
MANY SLUM DWELLERS WORK AT THE SAME TIME. THERE ARE NO SANITARY FACILITIES AND BAD HYGIENIC CONDITION.
THE DUMPBINS ARE ARRANGED ON THE EDGE OF THE SLUM. THERE ARE UP TO 500 INHABITANTS PER YARD. THE WASTE IS DISPOSED BY THE WOMEN AND SHOVELED INTO THE TRUCK BY THE PEOPLE OF B.M.C.
MITHI RIVER / DRAINAGE SYSTEM
!
STREETS
54 TONNES
B.M.C.
WASTE OR 9 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ONE SLUM.
> RESSOURCES > REGULATORY > GOVERNING BODY
DUMPBINS ON THE EDGE
WARD BORDER ABOUT 16% PRACTICE OPEN DEFECATION BECAUSE OF MISSING BASIC SANITATIONS.
233‘000 FAMILIES COOK DAILY
GREEN WASTE FOOD WASTE BIODEGRADEBLE PLASTICS HUMAN MANURE SLAUGHTER HOUSE WASTE
H-WARD MAP (SECTOR)
EXAMPLE BEHRAMPADA SLUM: 3 DIFFERENT PICKUPS 3X DAILY 6TONNES / PICKUP = 54 TONNES DAILY
„ONE OF THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IS THE WASTE WHICH CLOGGS UP THE NALAS.“
„WE AREN‘T AFRAID OF INFECTIONS. THE HOUSES RIGHT NEXT TO THE NALAS HAVE A GRID ON THE WINDOW TO PROTECT FROM MOSCITOS.“
COLLECTED BY RAGPICKERS
N.G.O. A.L.M. PRIVATE SECTOR
RAG PICKERS WASTE COLLECTORS RAGPICKERS COLLECT THE RECYCLABLE WASTE OUT OF THE NALAS.
20 TONNES RECYCLABLE WASTE/ONE SLUM.
CHEMICALS FROM
1OO MIO RAGDEALERS
SMALL INDUSTRIES GO DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.
SEGREGATION
COLLECTION BY RAGPICKERS
THE SEWAGE IS PASSED INTO THE NALAS AND THE MITHI RIVER.
LITERS OF UNTREATED HUMAN WASTE PER DAY
> SEGREGATION > HOUSE TO HOUSE COLLECTION > TRANSPORTATION
SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN FROM 5AM TO 2PM.
INDIVIDUAL HOUSE TO HOUSE
MORE THAN 20% OF ALL WASTE ENDS UP IN THE NALAS. THIS OUT OF HABIT AND LAZINESS.
133 TONNES DAILY
> TAX
60 TONNES DAILY TOTAL 255 TONNES
SOLID WASTE
UP TO CHEMICALS PER DAY AND UNIT.... .....THERE ARE HUNDREDS
SAND, FINE EARTH RECYCLABLE WET ORGANIC WASTE DRY ORGANIC WASTE
BANDRA STAT ION
20% 120MT
SORTING OF SAND & FINE EARTH
THIS CORRESPONDS TO 7 TRAINWAGGONS
LAND LEVELING SITES
165 TONNES DAILY
SAND & FINE EARTH
ACID(2%), DYE COLOUR(3%), WATER(95%)
600 TONNES
THIS CORRESPONDS TO A CUBE OF 10M EDGE LENGHT
WASTE OR 100 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM H-WARD TO DEONAR.
E IS
HIG
AST W E H
P
HE
ED
STE A EW
IS
S RIN
OT INT
RECYLABLE WASTE: - GLASS - CARDBOARD - METAL - PET - PLASTIC - PAPER
: TH
W LO
E TID
THE PLASTIC RECYCLABLES ARE THEN PROCESSED IN THE RECYCLING UNIT AND CONVERTED INTO SMALL GRANULES OF PLASTIC WHICH THEN CAN BE SOLD AND REUSED AT VARIOUS INDUSTRIES.
THE WASTE INCINERATION PLANT IS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE CITY AND IS POWERED BY TRAIN WITH GARBAGE. WASTE WHITCH IS STILL LANDFILLED. IN RETURN, IT PROVIDES FOR A LARGE PART OF THE CITY ENERGY.
TRUCKDRIVER DAVE
ALL THE RECYCLABLES ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE FORCE PLASTIC RECYCLING UNIT, WHERE THE PLASTICS ARE SORTED FROM OTHER RECYCLES. THE PLASTIC IS RECYCLED WHEREAS THE METALS, PAPER, GLASS ETC. ARE SOLD OFF TO RAG DEALERS.
SMALL COMPACTOR
ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING
30 %
SLAG IS USED FOR CIVIL PURPOSES OR SIMPLY DEPOSITED ASH
FACTS: • VOLUMINA RED.: 9/10 • WEIGHT RED.: 3/4
12 %
METAL, GLASS, ETC.
7%
DIOXINE/HEAVY METALS ARE FILTERED OUT AND DEPOSITED AT A PERMANENT DISPOSAL DUST
1%
CITY LEVEL
B.M.C.
6 / 10 TONNES
B.M.C.
7‘500 TONNES OF GARBAGE DAILY.
56 MWH
H-WARD
LIST OF N.G.O.‘S : • UNION PARK RESIDENTS ASSOCIATION • TRIRATNA PRERNA MANDAL (TPA) • FORCE • STRI MUKTI SANGATHAN (SMS) • APPROPRIATE RURAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (ARTI)
ELECTRICITY FERTILIZER 1KM
5 TONS A DAY 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 40‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 14‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR ... OUT OF A 5 TONS PLANT 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 48‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 17‘520‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR
20%
7% PAPER
SAVE 672‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 245‘300‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 6% PLASTIC SAVE 300‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 109‘500‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 3% METALL SAVE 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 4% GLASS SAVE 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR
. --> 7.2 MIO RS/YEAR
B.M.C.
FILLING LOW LYING AREAS
6KM
SAND, ROCKS AND DUST IS USED FOR LANDFILL. IN FACT IT CAN BE USED FOR EXAMPLE FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE, SUCH AS BUILDING HOUSES. UNLESS THEY ARE STABILIZED, THESE AREAS MAY EXPERIENCE SEVERE SHAKING OR LIQUEFACTION OF THE GROUND DURING A LARGE EARTHQUAKE.
TRAINS INSTEAD OF TRUCKS SAVE 768 KM/ DAY OR 46‘720 LITER DIESEL/ YEAR OR 2‘803‘200 RUPEES/ YEAR
A BIOGAS PLANT WITHIN EVERY 2KM. THIS DECENTRALIZES BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND SHORTENS THE DISTANCE OF TRANSPORT ROUTES. IN ADDITION, THE RESIDENTS SEE WHERE THEIR GAS COMES FROM.
THIS CORRESPONDS TO
20%
OR 120 TONNES GET RECYCLED PER DAY
ELECTRICITY FOR 71‘000 PEOPLE INCOMMING DRY ORGANIC WASTE: WHILE UNDER CAPACITY, THE FACILITY CAN TREAT THE WASTE FROM DEONAR.
• • •
>70 PCS
FUEL EFFICIENCY OF TRUCKS: 6KM/LTR. --> 117‘000 LTR/YEAR
TRANSPORTATION
ELECTRICITY DAILY
3 / 6 TONNES
DISTANCES: BANDRA - DEONAR 15KM --> TOTAL:1920 KM DAILY
LEVELLING
OUT:
AND RECEIVES
NO. OF COLLECTING POINTS IN H-WARD:
FUEL COSTS
50 %
51m
DEONAR EXTENDS OVER
B.M.C TRUCKS BIG COMPAC-
SEA
10M
M 10
THE DUMPYARD WILL BE EXHAUSTED IN A FEW YEARS. THIS IS BECAUSE OF EXTENSIVE DUMPING AND POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT. EVEN THE HEIGHT OF THE DUMP INTERFERES WITH THE AIRPORT REGULATIONS.
INCINERATION PLANT
132 HECTARES
RECYCLING
USH
:T
DE H TI
IN:CH 2014_TASK 2_ECOLOGIES OF WASTE_STUDENTS_RUSHABH CHHEDA_HARDIK JOSHI_KEVIN SIGL_MICHELLE MOSIMANN_JüRG BüHRER_10.04.2014
DEONAR
OF WASTE PER DAY END UP IN THE MITHI RIVER!!
10M
OR 120 TONNES GET RECYCLET PER DAY
H
SAVED MONEY
APPROXIMATELY 20 PLANTS TO 5-10 TONNES ARE REALISTIC. COST OF 6-9 MIO. RUPEES PER PLANT.
DAILY
13 TONNES
20%
PT ED U
RAILWAY SYSTEM
90 TONNES
DEONAR IS A WASTE DUMPING GROUND OR A LANDFILL FOR THE CITY OF MUMBAI. DEONAR IS LOCATED IN THE EASTERN SUBURB OF THE CITY, IT IS MUMBAI‘S OLDEST AND LARGEST DUMPING GROUND, SET UP IN 1927.
VER E RI
LOADING STATION BANDRA
RECYCLING
1000 LITRES
13% 78MT
RECYCLABLE WASTE
SORTING OF RECYCLABLE MATTER
SORTED WASTE
INFORMAL INDUSTRIES IN SLUM, ESPECIALLY TEXTILE DYEING, DISPOSE UNFILTERED CHEMICAL WASTE INTO THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
POSSIBILITIES LOCATION LOADING STATIONS
BIOGAS PLANT
62 TONNES
LOADING STATION BANDRA
> EMPLOYMENT > POLICIES > RULES > MANAGEMENT
4KM
27 % OR 20% 84 TONNES BURNABLE BIO FERTILIZER WASTE
RECYCLABLE WASTE
FOR CONGESTED PLACES LIKE SLUMS, THE IDEA OF COMPOST TROLLIES, WHICH CAN BE EASILY MOVED IS USED FOR CONVENIENCE.
WATER
OUTPUT 2
53 % OR 165 TONNES BIO METHANGAS
B.M.C.
B.M.C.
THE SEWAGE SYSTEM IS MORE THAN A 100 YEARS OLD. IT COVERS 125 KM AND RUNS UNDERGROUND.
52% 312MT
DRY WASTE
THE SPACES BETWEEN AND BESIDES STREETS CAN BE USED FOR COMPOSTING.
THIS CORRESPONDS TO
CLEANERS EARN 4500 RUPEES A MONTH.
15% 90MT
WET WASTE
A PIT CAN BE SET UP ON TOP OF THE DRAINS WITH A PERFORATED BOTTOM TO DRAIN OUT WATER AND PERFORATED WALL FOR AERATION.
B.M.C.
B.M.C.
RAGDEALERS
OPEN SPACES
600 MT daily
COMPOSTING PIT METHODS
OUT:
> FUNDS
SLUMS / INFORMAL INDUSTRIES
4KM
SLUMS
YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.
AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL, 50 TO 60 HOUSEHOLDS OR 15 TO 20 APPARTMENT BLOCKS CAN FORM A COMMUNITY WHICH HANDLES THE WASTE ON THEIR OWN.
OUTPUT 1
COMMERCIAL
30‘000 TONNES OF FEACES GOES EVERY
DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS
MINI BIOGAS CONVERTER
BIOGAS CH4
RESIDENTIAL
1 MILLION CUBIC METER URINE GOES EVERY YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.
WET ORGANIC: COLLECTION IN BIOPLANT
GOVERNMENT
DEFINITION
!
MINI BIOGAS CONVERTER WITH TWO BUCKETS, GAS OUTLET SOME HOUSES AND GAS ELECTRICAL CONHOLDER DUCTS IT IS POSSIBLE INLET OUTLET TO BUILD A SYSTEM FOR COOKING, WHICH FERMENTER SUPPLIES 5-10 MINUTES METHANE GAS A DAY.
(METHAN)
WASTE H-WARD
68% OF THE POPULATION IN H-WARD IS CONNECTED TO A SEWAGE SYSTEM.
SEGREGATION TYPE 2
SHREDED LEAVES AND CUT GRASS IN PIT
DELETES
RECYCLABLE WASTE
THE BALCONY MODEL NEEDS 0.5 M3 AND THE TERRACE MODEL 1.0M3 OF CAPACITY. THIS COMPACT BIOGAS PLANT RUNS MOSTLY WITH FOOD WASTE AND SUPPLIES ENOUGH GAS FOR COOKING AND EVEN A SMALL AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTE, WHICH CAN BE USED AS FERTILI-
DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS
DRY ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (MORNING)
PUBLIC DUMPGROUND ON WATERS. THE FLOOD
RECYCLABLE WASTE
SEGREGATION TYPE 2
WET ORGANIC: COLLECTION IN BINS
GARDEN COMPOST PIT
WORMS OVER WET WASTE
COMPOST IS READY
06 .
LONDON 52 PPH
52% IN SLUMS
WET WASTE
TONNES
ORGANIC WASTE: 8KG / VENDOR --> 30 VENDORS
MUMBAI 12.3 MIO.
BISCUITS TO FEET THE FISHES (INCLUDING PACKAGING)
SOME REFUSE IS DEPOSITED ON THE BEACH OR IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WASHED AWAY BY THE FLOOD.
B.M.C.
INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION
THE ECOLOGIES OF WASTE
EXAMPLE DANDA VILLAGE (FISHERVILLAGE)
OF WASTE
UPRA IS A NON-PROFIT, NON-RELIGIOUS, SOIAL-N-CHARITY ORGANIZATION, REGISTERED AS ALM NO. 104 WITH MCGM, 2003. UPRA IS REPRESENTATIVE OF A RESIDENTIAL AREA COMPRISING OF 42 BUILDINGS AND 8 BUNGALOWS SPREAD OVER 5 LANES (ROADS NO. 3, 4, 5, DECCAN ROAD AND GOVIND GHAG MARG UNION PARK MAIN ROAD). IT DEALS WITH SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN EACH SOCIETY. “SEALINE SOCIETY” IS ONE OF THE MAIN SOCEITY WHICH HANDLES ITS OWN WET WASTE. THERE ARE TOTAL 12 FAMILIES RESIDING AND SEGREGATING WASTE WITHIN THEIR HOUSE. WET WASTE (NON-COOKED FOOD) FROM EACH HOUSE IS COLLECTED AND PUT INTO VERMI COMPOST PIT WITH WORMS FOR COMPOSTING. COMPOST PIT IS CLOSED TIGHT FOR 2 MONTHS FOR ANY SUNLIGHT TO NOT PENETRATE INTO IT. COMPOST IS READY AS A NATURAL FERTILIZER.
HOW TO TURN
B.M.C.
SEGREGATION TYPE 1
CASE STUDY: UNION PARK RESIDENTS ASSOCIATION (UPRA)
WORMS
PEDRESTIANS
RESIDENTIAL
DR A
WESTERN SU BU
2
MUMBAI
OPEN SPACES LIKE BEACHES, RIVERSIDES, LAKES OR EVEN A COURTYARD BELONGS TO THE CITY. THESE PLACES ARE USED TO DUMP WASTE.
RECYCLABLE WASTE
SLUMS / INFORMAL INDUSTRIES
INCINERATION PLANT, OUTSKIRT
LOADING STATION B AN
RBS
PEOPLE LIVE IN MUMBAI
ECOLOGIES OF WASTE
SOCIETYS AND ORGANIZATIONS CAN ACHIEVE SOMETHING. THIS THINKING NEEDS TO BE STRENGTHENED AND IMPLEMENTED ON COMMUNITY AND N.G.O. LEVEL. FOLLOWING A GOOD EXAMPLE:
NGO/WARD LEVEL
NORTH MUMBAI
OPEN SPACES
B.M.C.
LEARN FROM LOCAL EXISTING PROJECTS:
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
1
RESIDENTIAL
B.M.C. TRUCKS COLLECT THE WASTE TWICE A DAY. WASTE WHICH WAS SORTED IN HOUSEHOLD TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC GETS MIXED AGAIN.
COMMUNITY LEVEL
480‘000
PEOPLE LIVE IN RESIDENTIALS
DAILY IN: 165 TONNES
DOMESTIC DRY WASTE COMMERCIAL DRY WASTE BULKY FREIGHTS LIKE FURNITURES, MATRESES, CARPETS, KIDSTOYS AND OTHERS
RECYCLING RECYLABLE WASTE: - GLASS - CARDBOARD - METAL - PET - PLASTIC - PAPER ALL THE RECYCLABLES ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE FORCE PLASTIC RECYCLING UNIT, WHERE THE PLASTICS ARE SORTED FROM OTHER RECYCLES. THE PLASTIC IS RECYCLED WHEREAS THE METALS, PAPER, GLASS ETC. ARE SOLD OFF TO RAG DEALERS.
THE PLASTIC RECYCLABLES ARE THEN PROCESSED IN THE RECYCLING UNIT AND CONVERTED INTO SMALL GRANULES OF PLASTIC WHICH THEN CAN BE SOLD AND REUSED AT VARIOUS INDUSTRIES.
727‘000‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR