Collaboration and Commitment
Unity is strength.
When there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things can be achieved.
— Mattie Stepanek
Achieving Wonderful Things Together
It is a privilege to work in healthcare and an honor to care for and provide comfort to patients and their families on their most challenging days. At Rush Copley, our commitment to patients is one we take seriously and one we make with pride. As an ANCC Magnet-designated hospital, we are recognized for providing high-quality patient care and for advancing professional nursing practices. Our nurses are committed to working collaboratively with each other and with the entire healthcare team to provide excellent outcomes. I remain inspired by the dedication our team shows on a daily basis.
To recognize that dedication, this year we initiated the DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses. I am so honored to present this award each month to a deserving nurse who was nominated by a patient or their loved one. We receive numerous nominations, all heartwarming stories of the impact nurses have on a patient or their family, all living examples of the art of nursing.
In addition to providing quality, compassionate care for patients, our nursing community this year continued to demonstrate professional development as evidenced by the number of nurses who earned advanced degrees or certifications. Our nursing engagement scores exceed what is expected for a Magnet organization. Despite nationwide staffing challenges, our retention rates continue to rise, thanks to collaboration between leadership and our staff.
In this report, I am pleased to present many other noteworthy accomplishments.
• Implementation of evidence-based practices to improve patient safety and satisfaction and quality outcomes.
• Our new Clinical Decision Unit opened, to enhance care and improve patient experience for observation-status patients.
• Employee wellness was a priority with multiple initiatives focused on enhancing nurse well-being.
As I look back over this year, I remain steadfastly proud of the work that our nurses do to keep true to Rush Copley’s mission and vision of providing extraordinary care with quality outcomes. We are committed to putting patients first and delivering care with compassion — and together, we achieve wonderful things.
Abby Hornbogen, MBA, MS, RN, NEA-BC, Vice President, Patient Care, and Chief Nursing Officer
Collaborating to Provide Exceptional Care
Throughout my 10 years as a Rush Copley nurse and through the lens of our Shared Governance, I have had the privilege of watching the nursing community evolve. We continue to be resilient, and we are empowered more than ever to use our voices to create change. When I think of excellence, I think of Rush nurses. I think of intelligent, committed healthcare professionals coming together for the same purpose: providing safe, holistic care to those in need.
Tanya Antal, MSN, SCRN, CMSRN, Nursing Executive Congress Chair, Clinical Coordinator, Clinical Decision Unit
Through interdisciplinary collaboration, nurses advocate for patients and their families. We work closely with physicians and care managers to ensure that our patients are provided with proper education, a safe plan for discharge and any necessary resources to ensure optimal recovery. Through these meaningful collaborations, we deliver the exceptional care that patients expect when coming to our hospital.
Nurses at Rush Copley are not only committed to excellent patient care, they are committed to elevating the profession as a whole. Evidenced in the committees they choose to join and their involvement in our Shared Governance, nurses are present in all aspects of the decision-making process of the hospital. We have opportunities to join leaders in interviews of new staff, provide feedback and contribute to decisions about new products and represent our teams at job fairs. Rush Copley nurses are given autonomy in many areas of patient care and are encouraged to practice at the top of their license.
I have always been proud to be a Rush nurse, and I truly believe that sentiment is shared by nurses throughout this organization. There is something to be said about the dedication and commitment we all have to each other and our vision “to provide advanced medicine with quality outcomes and extraordinary care.” Teamwork, professionalism and comradery are at the heart of the nursing community here at Rush Copley. I look forward to many more years of working alongside the greatest team of healthcare professionals I have ever had the privilege of working with.
Transformational Leadership
Nursing Wellness Awards Benefit Rush Copley Employees
Wellness Awards 2022-23
Three Rush Copley projects designed to improve employee wellness were funded through the Nursing Wellness Awards, a program made possible by philanthropy. The program supports innovative projects that support nurse well-being.
All Work and No Play
…Is Not Our Way!
Bringing staff together to promote partnership, wellness and fun was the goal of “All Work and No Play
… Is Not Our Way,” a program created for the Ortho/Neuro/Peds, Physical Medicine Rehabilitation and Therapy Services departments. The program featured regular wellness classes at Rush Copley Healthplex for members of those teams. The project related to the wellness pillars of physical activity, stress management and social connection. Activities included a restorative yoga class, pickleball, Zumba and Pilates.
Approximately 90% of participants said that the project positively impacted their wellness. They reported new friendships and increased communication between the therapy and nursing teams. The program gave staff the opportunity to participate in physical activities that they may have never tried before, and many of the participants now regularly attend Healthplex classes. In addition, stemming from this program, the Physical Medicine Rehabilitation unit started a pickleball team; they continue to play together.
Caitlin Placek, PT, DPT, and Kathy Ostrander, MSN, RN, CPN, developed the program.
Space to Rest and Recharge
Satisfaction with ICU Break Room
ICU nurses and support staff now have an enhanced space to recharge while on shift, thanks to funding from a wellness grant. Karen Tickle, ADN, RN, and Christine Jewell, BSN, RN, CCRN, transformed a hospital space into a tranquil rest area to facilitate uninterrupted breaks and a place to recharge.
In assessing the results of the program, the nurses found increased staff satisfaction with the space. More time was spent in the retreat room, and the majority of staff reported the retreat space to be relaxing, clean and organized.
Using Arts to Improve Wellness
Creative wellness is the practice of using the arts to enhance physical, emotional and psychological health. The “Using Arts to Improve Wellness” program offered Rush Copley employees a variety of creative activities and art mediums that targeted the eight areas of wellness. It aimed to increase employee awareness regarding the benefits of wellness activities, increase job satisfaction and decrease reports of burnout. The program was developed by Cynthia Hays, PhD, licensed clinical psychologist at Rush Copley.
Each month for six months, employees were offered an art-themed activity — like coloring, painting, dancing and photography — to improve their wellness. For example, in January, employees colored posters in their units as part of the “Color Me Stress-Free” program. In February, they painted their way to wellness with paint-by-number kits. April’s theme was “Dance Your Way to Wellness” where staff could take a dancing break to participate in a silent disco, wearing headphones and dancing to music only they heard. Supplemental education and resources were provided on the employee wellness webpage for each month’s activities.
Feedback was positive with participants saying,
• “Monthly wellness activities really bring up the morale of staff and help to relieve some daily stress.”
• “I feel like these opportunities helped so much, not only individually but the culture of the hospital.”
• “Thanks for working to better the wellness of all of us here at Rush! I feel that initiatives like this make Rush Copley a great place to work.”
Wellness Awards 2023-24
Two Rush Copley Wellness Projects were funded for the 2023-24 cycle, the second year of the five-year Nursing Wellness Awards program. These programs are just getting underway.
Effects of Wellness Activities on Perception of Well-Being
A nurse resiliency survey conducted in 2022 at Rush Copley found that 90% of the respondents in the 0- to 1-year nurse experience group reported feelings of depression. Focusing on the START Nurse Residency Program, a program for nurses just transitioning from nursing school into clinical practice, the project will measure the effects of immersive and hands-on wellness activities on nurse residents’ perception of their mental well-being. It is led by Maureen Lugod, MSN, RN, CEN.
Incorporating the Outside Inside to Promote Calm
The issue of nurse isolation and stress is being addressed in “Incorporating the Outside Inside.” The goal is to provide a more calming and inviting environment for nurses. The project will add the illusion of windows and nature to nursing workspaces within Rush Copley Medical Group offices. This will be done by incorporating desk plants and artificial lighting that mimics natural light. The project is led by Lily Castellanos, BSN, RN.
BIRTH EQUITY
Reducing Maternal Health Disparities
Improving the quality and safety of care to birthing families is the focus of the Illinois Perinatal Quality Collaborative Birth Equity Committee at Rush Copley. The committee’s goal is to reduce maternal health disparities, ensure conditions of optimal births for all people and address racial and social inequities. To this end, this year, the committee implemented Respectful Care Practices and the Patient Reported Experience Measure Survey.
In Rush Copley’s Family Birth Center, staff utilize Respectful Care Practices to ensure patients are receiving patient-centered care, feel respected and listened to, and that their individual needs and preferences are being valued and met.
Along with these care practices, the committee implemented the Patient Reported Experience Measure Survey, which includes questions about the patient’s birthing and hospital experience. Ninety-eight percent of survey respondents reported they were treated with respect and compassion by their healthcare team. With the survey results, the committee has been able to review real time feedback and discern opportunities for improvement.
The Family Birth Center continues to develop other initiatives to improve birth equity, including
• improving the collection and accuracy of patient-reported race and ethnicity data and engaging patients and community members to provide input on quality improvement efforts
• having a community member on the Birth Equity Committee to provide feedback to and from the Patient and Family Advisory Council
• implementing standardized social determinants of health screening tools for all pregnant women during delivery admission in order to connect patients with needed resources and services
Nurses Lead Critical Care Outreach Team
In February 2023, Rush Copley launched the Critical Care Outreach Team to respond to rapid response calls across the hospital.
The team, led by a registered nurse and a respiratory therapist, can be called by any staff, family member or patient, and arrives at the bedside within minutes of being paged. The team collaborates with the primary RN and any other team members to assess the patient’s condition and provide intervention with the goal of preventing patient decline. The critical care outreach nurse determines when to upgrade the call to include physicians and other team members and ensures interventions are started quickly. As an example, Code Stroke prompts a doctor to respond.
After responding to a rapid response page, the critical care outreach nurse provides post-evaluation care, including increased nursing surveillance of the patient for the next 12 to 24 hours. Software tools help with sepsis detection across the hospital. This assists the critical care outreach nurses in identifying patients who may need intervention.
The protocols used in assessing patients were developed as a collaborative effort with physicians, staff nurses, ICU nursing leadership, pharmacy and subject matter experts.
The critical care outreach nurses are led by Dawn McQuality, BSN, RN, CNML, ICU clinical nurse manager. The clinical coordinators for the team are Jamie Schultz, BSN, RN, CCRN, and Marsha Helland, BSN, RN, CCRN-CSC.
Partnering for the Pipeline
A partnership between Rush Copley and a local college is benefiting the students in the program as well as the hospital.
In 2023 Rush Copley Medical Center and Waubonsee Community College partnered to host Certified Nursing Assistant students for their clinical experience rotations. The team in the Intermediate Care Area worked with the student group to provide clinical experience to teach them to effectively care for hospitalized patients.
This partnership proved very successful as a pipeline for patient care technician roles. Not only were some of the students hired, they began their employment with the advantage of increased knowledge about the hospital gained from their prior rotations. A second group of students completed their clinical experience on ICA in the fall and are working to finish their coursework. Rush Copley leaders plan to grow this pipeline program in 2024.
Structural Empowerment
Scales, At-Home
Monitoring Help Keep Patients Out of Hospital
Nurses have an important role in caring for patients with heart failure. Nurses educate hospitalized patients about their illness, empowering them to manage their condition at home after discharge.
FY23 Heart Failure Readmissions when Scales Provided
READMISSION 0%
Ensuring patients can manage their heart failure at home leads to fewer hospitalizations, better quality of life and lower mortality. Educating throughout the hospital stay allows time for patients and families to ask questions, understand how to take care of themselves and determine when to contact the provider. Routines at home include taking medications as instructed and following a low sodium diet and fluid restriction.
Monitoring daily weight is a key component of self-monitoring for heart failure. However, Heart Failure Coordinator Sarah Skattum, BSN, RN, CCRN, CHFN, discovered that multiple patients did not own a scale and were at high risk for readmission due to their inability to check their weight daily. She applied for funds from the Dr. Santosh Gill Fox Valley Heart Fund to provide home bathroom scales to 10 patients who were identified as needing assistance through social determinants of health screenings. These 10 patients were not readmitted to the hospital within 30 days for heart failure related issues, indicating the scales and self-monitoring made a difference.
Exceeding Magnet Goals for Obtaining BSN Degrees,
Professional Board Certifications
Both formal education and certification in a recognized specialty are the cornerstones of professional growth in the nursing community. In 2023, Rush Copley nurses continued to exceed Magnet goals of percentages for BSN and eligible certification rates.
Rush Copley is proud to recognize and support nurses in their professional development and applauds all nurses who achieved higher education this year.
BSN Percentage
Since 2018, Rush Copley nurses have exceeded the Magnet goal of at least 80% having earned BSN degrees.
Certification Rates: Eligible RNs
Nurse have also exceeded the Magnet goal for eligible nurses achieving certification.
Nurses Receive Scholarships
Rush Copley’s 2023 Future of Nursing Scholarship Program awarded merit-based scholarships of $4,000 each to four Rush Copley nurses studying to obtain master’s degrees. Congratulations to Harry Chan, BSN, RN, CMSRN, Charla Cools, BSN, RN, Linda Klisiewicz, BSN, RNC-OB, and Natalie Proce, BSN, RN, CNOR.
BSN scholarship recipients are awarded $2,000 merit-based scholarships to complete their undergraduate studies. Recipients for 2023 were Haley Mackowick, ADN, RN, and Jhenevie Oca, ADN, RN.
Above: Scholarship winner Haley Mackowick, ADN, RN, with the scholarship committee.
Left: Scholarship committee members present Jhenevie Oca, ADN, RN, with her award.
Graduate scholarship winners were Harry Chan, BSN, RN, CMSRN, Charla Cools, BSN, RN, Linda Klisiewicz, BSN, RNC-OB, and Natalie Proce, BSN, RN, CNOR.
DAISY Award Recognizes Nurses
As a way to recognize nurses who provide extraordinary care, Rush Copley implemented the DAISY Award program in June 2023.
The DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses was developed by the Barnes family to honor nurses for the care, compassion and kindness they show to patients and families every day. Their son, Patrick, died from complications of an auto-immune disease. The Barnes family created the award program to commemorate him and the amazing care he was given. Their program was the first of its kind to give patients, families and co-workers a way to express their gratitude to nurses for providing compassionate care to patients and their families.
All nominees receive a special DAISY pin to wear proudly on their ID badges. Congratulations to all for delivering extraordinary care!
Center Achieves Goal for Breastfeeding Mothers
Breastfeeding benefits babies and mothers, and for most babies, breast milk is the best source of nutrition. Health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization, recommend exclusive breast milk feeding for the first six months of the baby’s life. At Rush Copley, the Family Birth Center team, which encourages mothers to breastfeed, achieved their FY23 goal of mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies.
Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding Rate
The Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding Team, which consisted of clinical staff from Obstetrics, Labor and Delivery and the NICU, along with Family Birth Center leadership, determined what the barriers to success were, developed corrective action plans, and educated staff and patients on the benefits of breastmilk. The graph demonstrates their success. Teamwork, collaboration and a collegial learning environment helped them meet their goal.
JUNE
Tanya Antal, MSN, RN, CMSRN, SCRN Clinical Decision Unit
JULY Kat Watros, ADN, RN Med/Surg II
Abby DeYoung, BSN, RN Med/Surg II
Dolores Mitchell, MSN, RN, CMSRN Intensive Care Unit OCTOBER
Zac Dougherty, MSN, RN, CCRN Vascular Care Unit
NOVEMBER
Keri Ballines, BSN, RN Labor and Delivery
DECEMBER
Sammy-Lou Ferrer, BSN, RN Intermediate Care Area
The Family Birth Center team achieved their FY23 goal of mothers who breastfed exclusively.
Exemplary Professional Practice
Process Improvement Increases Patient Satisfaction
Shift change times in a patient care unit can be challenging. As one shift informs the oncoming shift about each patient and their needs, patients still need attention and call lights need to be answered.
Clinical staff on the Ortho/Neuro/Peds team raised concerns about what was happening at shift change at 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. in their unit. They felt it was having a negative impact on patient satisfaction scores. In response, a Patient Care Technician Task Committee involving patient care technicians and nurses from both shifts came together to tackle these challenges.
The team addressed obstacles to job efficiency and compiled a list of their routine tasks and responsibilities. They searched literature for best practices regarding patient handoff and suggested ideas to improve teamwork during shift changes to ensure that all patients’ needs were met. Consequently, the team decided to revamp the patient care technician handoff process to prevent delays in responding to patient requests.
Rather than having the PCT-to-PCT handoff, the off-going techs continued to respond to patient call lights while completing their end-of-shift documentation. The oncoming techs recorded patients’ vital signs. Upon receiving handoff from off-going clinical nurses, oncoming clinical nurses delegated tasks to the technicians at the beginning of each shift. This revised practice, which clearly defined each staff role during shift change, received unanimous approval from the members of the Task Committee, as it ensured that the patient care technicians still received accurate and up-to-date orders.
Following a presentation and approval from the unit-based Partnership Team, this new workflow went into practice and led to a remarkable improvement, with the patient satisfaction ranking increasing by more than 50%. The team achieved the most improved patient experience scores for that quarter and was recognized with the hospital’s quarterly traveling trophy award.
Reducing Patient Falls
Patient safety is of paramount importance, and preventing patient falls is a priority. Research has shown that purposeful rounding prevents falls.
To reduce falls in their unit, the Intermediate Care Area implemented a process improvement of purposeful hourly rounding and ensuring bed alarms were being properly used.
Results were positive as the incidence of falls decreased by 27%.
SANE Nurses Care for Victims of Sexual Violence
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners are specially trained to provide comprehensive healthcare to victims of sexual violence. In January, the Emergency Department developed a SANE Program which began with 12 team members. The program has grown to include 20 team members from various clinical departments, including the Emergency Department, Intermediate Care Area, Nursing Professional Practice, Obstetrics and the Vascular Care Unit.
Throughout 2023, Rush Copley SANE nurses collaborated with Obstetrics-Gynecology and pediatric ambulatory providers, the Aurora Police Department, Mutual Ground, and the Kane County Child Advocacy Center to obtain specialized training opportunities and strengthen community-based partnerships. Additionally, the nurses networked with peers from Rush University Medical Center and Rush Oak Park Hospital at systemwide SANE meetings.
Because of the growth of the program, the percentage of sexually assaulted or abused patients cared for by a specially trained nurse examiner increased by 70% in 2023. The growing number of SANE-trained nurses at Rush Copley ensures that victims of sexual assault receive quality medical forensic care as well as connection to resources to aid their emotional healing.
2023 Incidence Rate of Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries
Wound Care Program Expands, Focuses on Processes
Rush Copley’s wound care program expanded in fiscal year 2023, enabling wound care consultant nurses to see additional patients. The team focused on hospital acquired pressure injuries, examining processes and outcomes to decrease these injuries.
The team identified four key process steps:
• Skin assessment by two nurses within four hours of the patient’s admission
• Documentation of all interventions to prevent pressure injuries
• Head-to-toe assessment by a nurse every eight hours
• Implementation and documentation of turns every two hours
The team then focused on education and practice changes to improve compliance with those processes. They spent two months completing in-person education for nurses and patient care technicians, made additional education available online, and distributed information at huddles and unit-based meetings.
Additionally, the team spent five months looking at all aspects of care, including equipment and continued compliance with policies and protocols. Their work continues in several areas, including:
• Operating room and ICU mattress assessment and replacement
• Change in skin care product line
• Review and re-education on proper boosting and repositioning equipment
• New waffle cushions and education on appropriate use and required populations
• New oxygen facemask that does not rest on the bridge of the nose, thereby eliminating pressure
So far, data shows an overall downward trend in the development of hospital acquired pressure injuries and the rate of incidence. To continue improvement, focus will be on the initially identified process steps. Through sustained focus and consistency in care, the goal is to continue to improve outcomes.
Collaborating to Reduce Employee Turnover Rates
In 2023, leadership and clinical nurses collaborated on staffing and retention efforts with encouraging results. Turnover rates have decreased by 58% over the past two years, coming closer to pre-pandemic rates.
The Nursing Care Committee, a subcommittee of Nursing Executive Congress, focuses solely on staffing issues and determining innovative ways to increase retention. Some of the activities in 2023 included:
• Increasing awareness of the nursing care committee email to report ongoing staffing concerns
• Modification of floating guidelines and processes, developed and implemented by clinical nurses
• Department-specific retention activities
Leadership and clinical staff will continue working to increase retention, focusing on staff wellness, healthy work environments and innovative recruitment strategies.
Organization Level Nurse Turnover Rate Percentage
New Knowledge, Innovations and Improvements
New
Clinical Decision Unit Opens
After meticulous planning and construction, Rush Copley’s new Clinical Decision Unit opened on August 21, advancing patient care at the hospital. Clinical nurses played a crucial role in the design of the unit and layout of the rooms, ensuring they facilitate nursing workflow and enhance patient care. They incorporated feedback from patients as well.
The unit was created to improve the patient’s experience through the rapid review and coordination of testing, supporting swift decision-making for patients. The CDU team works with advanced practice providers to care for observation-status patients. They evaluate whether the patient needs inpatient admission, further follow-up, or if they can be safely discharged. This collaboration enhances decision-making processes and streamlines patient care.
Serving as a link between the Emergency Department and inpatient units, the unit optimizes bed utilization, freeing up emergency room beds and ensuring inpatient beds are available for more critical cases. Patients under observation status benefit from the enhanced capabilities for prompt assessment, treatment and discharge, leading to increased patient satisfaction and reduced length of stay.
As a strategic investment in enhancing the quality of care, this unit exemplifies commitment to excellence at Rush Copley, contributing to an improved patient experience.
Research Studies Impact of Gratitude
Journaling on Stressed Nurses
If positive well-being is critical to providing excellent patient care, what can be done to help Emergency Department nurses manage their stress levels? Burnout in Emergency Department nurses has been reported at 49% and higher.
Rosemary Forg, MSN, RN, CNL, clinical nurse in the Emergency Department and a Rush Nurse Research Fellow, studied the effects of gratitude journaling on burnout, secondary traumatic stress, perceived stress and vital signs in ED staff. She studied a control group and an intervention group; both groups were made of members of the various teams working in the ED. Participants in the intervention group completed brief gratitude journaling before and after each shift for eight weeks and also wrote two thank you notes to colleagues. Results showed no significant change in burnout or perceived stress between the control and intervention groups, although the gratitude group subjectively reported positive influence of journaling on mood and attitude.
The fellowship was supported by the Center for Clinical Research and Scholarship through Rush University.
Podiums, Posters and Publications
Article: Think Tank Reimagines Nursing Workforce
Abby Hornbogen, MBA, MS, RN, NEA-BC, along with colleagues Angelique Richard, PhD, RN, CENP, Angela Cooper, DNP, RN, CNL, Stephanie Yohannan, DNP, MBA, RN, NE-BC, Frank Hicks, PhD, RN, CNE, Trish Anen, MBA, RN, NEA-BC, and Kathleen Ferket, MSN, APRN-BC, published their work, “A Visionary Think Tank to Address the Nursing Workforce Crisis,” in The Journal of Nursing Administration, November 2023 Volume 53 (11). The article discusses how the Rush nursing community applied the American Organization for Nursing Leadership’s Nurse Executive Competencies to convene an immersive think tank to reimagine the nursing workforce.
Reducing Cranial Surgical Site Infections
Lauren Franker, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, Molly Pretet, MSN, RN, CNL, CPPS, Barb Douglas, MBA, BSN, RN, NEA-BC, and Kristin Simmons, MHA, BSN, CIC, RN-MNN, presented a poster, “Crani Bundle,” at the 2023 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ National Teaching Institute and Critical Care Exposition. They studied surgical site infections in the cranial population and whether implementing a care bundle would reduce infection rate. The team found that it did, reducing the number of infections to zero for two years of the data collection. The bundle was permanently adopted within the neurosurgery service line.
Exploring the Emotional Impact of the Pandemic
Judi Bonomi, MS, MSN, OCN, NE-BC, presented her poster, “Nurse Resilience: The Emotional Impact of the COVID Pandemic and Use of Appointment Versus On-Demand Self-Care Programs,” at Northwestern Medicine’s EvidenceBased Practice Conference. She worked with the Research and Professional Development Congress to investigate nurse resilience. Bonomi found that many nurses reported feelings of depression and compassion fatigue. She concluded that organizations should continue to focus on staff well-being, assisting in rebuilding compassion through unit activities, as well as individual interventions as needed.
Abstract: Reducing Noise, Improving Sleep in the ICU
“It’s Too Loud: A Noise Reduction Protocol in the ICU” describes work that was done in Rush Copley’s ICU to improve patient satisfaction by reducing noise and, ultimately, improving their sleep.
The authors implemented a protocol that included a dedicated quiet time on the unit. Based on responses to a patient experience survey, patient satisfaction was positively impacted.
Created by Christine Jewell, BSN, RN, CCRN, and Sarah Skattum, BSN, RN, CCRN, the poster abstract was accepted for presentation at the 2024 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ National Teaching Institute and Critical Care Exposition.
ICU Quietness of Hospital Environment
Judi Bonomi, MSN, MS, RN, NE-BC, OCN RUSH Copley Medical Center