Citing your Sources

HOW TO WRITE A BIBLIOGRAPHY  Always write the Bibliographical details when you use that resource and keep them with the notes from that particular resource.

CITING YOUR SOURCES

 The details required for the bibliography are usually on the title and following page at the front of a book. For CD’s and videos look inside and on the back cover. Periodicals and Newspapers will depend on where the article is found.  The details are written in a particular order according to the method used and the type of resource. Other details may be required according to the resource – see the guide sheet.  ALWAYS BE CONSISTENT – ALWAYS WRITE THE DETAILS WITH ONE METHOD  If it is a Library resource, the bibliographical details appear on OPAC. You can make a booklist of all the books you have used from the library. If you are unsure of the details, you can check on the British Library CD or the Library of Congress website http://catalog.loc.gov/

 The Bibliography is added to the end of your assignment. Generally, It is in alphabetical order by author’s surname. If there is no surname, then it goes by title.  Organise a personal conference with Ms Owen who will show you the different outlines and procedures.

USEFUL WEB SITES http://library.duke.edu/research/citing/index.html http://www.mla.org/ http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx http://www.dartmouth.edu/~writing/docs/FINAL%20Sources%2011:12.pdf

BIBLIOGRAPHY Diploma Programme Guideline. The Extended Essay. Geneva: International Baccalaureate Organisation.

1998.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 4th edition. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1996 Modern Languages Association. <http://www.mla.org/style> 17 Jan 2005.

Rowen/Libcurriculum/citingsources/citingyoursources_leaflet.pub

How to write a Bibliography and Footnotes

EXAMPLES OF FOOTNOTES The Many Facets of Taboo

USING AND CITING YOUR SOURCES When you are writing an essay or report, it is important that you document your resources. The Diploma Programme guideline states â&#x20AC;&#x153;A reference should be given for each source that is used within the text of the portfolio paperâ&#x20AC;?1. There are several ways of doing this but the two most favoured are MLA Modern Language Association and APA - American Psychological Association. Whichever way you choose, always keep to that format. Accuracy, consistency and clarity will give you the highest grade.

The key part to writing your bibliography is making sure you always source your resources as you go along with your study. Having a page either on the computer or on paper for each resource will help you remember where your quotations and ideas have come from.

Details for the bibliographical reference are generally found on the title page and the copyright page at the front of the book .

Once you have the details, they are written up in a particular way, according to the resource and the method used. The bibliography is in alphabetical order by author surname. It is then added to the end of your assignment.

Diploma Programme Guideline. The Extended Essay. Geneva: International Baccalaureate Organisation. 1998, 36.

1

The World Book Encyclopedia defines Taboo as "an action, object, person, or place forbidden by law or culture."1 An encyclopedia of the occult points out that taboo is found among many other cultures including the ancient Egyptians, Jews and others.2 Mary Douglas has analyzed the many facets and interpretations of taboos across various cultures. She points out that the word "taboo" originates from the Polynesian languages meaning a religious restriction.3 She finds that "taboos flow from social boundaries and support the social structure."4 1

Alan Dundes, "Taboo," World Book Encyclopedia, 2000 ed.,165.

"Taboo," Occultopedia: Encyclopedia of Occult Sciences and Knowledge, Site created and designed by Marcus V. Gay, 15 Feb. 2004 <http://www.occultopedia.com/t/ taboo.htm>.

2

Mary Douglas, "Taboo," Man, Myth & Magic, ed. Richard Cavendish, new ed., 21 vols. (New York: Cavendish, 1994) 256.

3

4

ibid. pg. 249.

FOOTNOTES AND ENDNOTES

A footnote or endnote provide details about your source material. Footnotes appear at the foot of the page where the source appears. Endnotes are at the end of the text and are written altogether. Each footnote/endnote is given a number at the end of the sentence. They are numbered in order of appearance starting from 1. The author, title, publication date and page number are written at the bottom of the page for footnotes. Endnotes are given in a numerical list in order of appearance at the end of the text before the bibliography. This is the difference between the bibliography and endnotes as the bibliography is in ALPHABETICAL order of SURNAME.

If footnotes for the same book appear underneath one another, then you need only write ibid. and the page number. For the second footnote instead of all the publishing details. If you have used the same book for alternate footnotes then write op. cit. and the page number instead of all the publishing details.

1

We have copies of this book in the Library alongwith other books that will help you.

Look at Dewey number 808

Alan Dundes, "Taboo," World Book Encyclopedia, 2000 ed.,165

"Taboo," Occultopedia: Encyclopedia of Occult Sciences and Knowledge, Site created and designed by Marcus V. Gay, 15 Feb. 2004 <http://www.occultopedia.com/t/ taboo.htm>.

2

3

op.cit.,185