PRELIMINARY RESEARCH PERCENT OF of TOTAL CAPACITY BY FUEL Percent Total SYSTEM System Capacity by Fuel Type TYPE
NEW ENGLAND PEAKDAY HOURLY New England Peak-Day Hourly Load LOAD (MW) (MW) 30,000
57%
2000 2015
28,000 26,000
44%
24,000
2024
22,000
34%
20,000 18,000 16,000
21% 16% 12%
11%
11% 6%
Oil
18 % Nu cle ar
Renewables
r % Othe 6 les ab w e en
13%N ucl ea r
8:00 PM
Winter (01/15/04)
Other
47% Natural Gas 18% Nuclear 11% Oil 9% Coal 10% Hydro 5% Other
11%N ucle ar
Power Sources During Winter Peak
6%
s Ga l a ur
Power Sources During Winter Peak
Natural Gas 18%
2% Coa l
21% Oil
C 57% N atu r a l Ga s
44%
Na t
3 4 % Oi l
2
12% C oa l
Concrete is made of: water, cement, and aggregate
4
av er
M
ur read-mix concr ete to po e :1 tim 1/2 m u ho im ur p m l a ax o n r f t t e o c n site ista :1 d 4m e ag
s
10%-15% cement weight: 94 lb ft3 the ingredients of portland cement also vary depending on region, but must include the correct amounts of lime, iron, silica, and alumina
3
Concrete is proportioned and mixed off site, then delivered in an agitator
s ile
15%-20% water the water must be reasonably clean, any particulates in the water can affect the quality of the concrete. 60%-75% aggregate coarse: stone or gravel fine: sand the aggregate will vary greatly depending on region and materials available.
Concrete should not be placed more rapidly than it can be spread, struck off, and consolidated. It should be deposited continuously as near as possible to its final position.
Formwork is constructed on site v pros:most common, creates unique forms, is light cons: cannot be reused many times metal pros: strong, can be reused many times cons: inflexible in design plastic pros: creates unique forms cons: expensive, is impractical in field work
re- bar: assists concrete in tension mainly made of recycled steel placed in a grid formwork: holds the concrete in shape acts a a secondary structural system
5
26% Nuclear 25% Oil 24% Natural Gas 10% Hydro 8% Coal 6% Renewable 1% Other
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
1
12:00 AM
Oil 16%
11%
% Other 5 les ab w e en
3:00 PM
Power Sources During Summer Peak
7% 6% 5%
SystemCapacity Capacity inin2024 System 2024
9%
R
s ble a ew
ther 7% O
9% 9%
SystemCapacity Capacity in System in2015 2015
l oa
Re n
System Capacity Capacity inin2000 System 2000
Natural Gas
10:00 AM
Summer (08/02/06)
2%
Coal
5:00 AM
9%
Nuclear
1:00 AM
R
13%
18%
Power Sources During Summer Peak
18%
14,000
The formwork is removed after curing is complete concrete hardens through hydration, so it’s important to keep the concrete saturated through the entire curing process. the standard time length of curing is 28 days, but can vary depending on climate and weather fluxuations.
MANIFESTO Our design ambition is to create a new node for campus that can withstand the turbulence of the energy climate. The building uses concrete at its maximum potential - the hexagonal geometry capitalizes on its compressive strength and the frame works in conjunction with a slab band system and core to create uninterrupted interior space. The frame expands and contracts to reduce material weight at points of low stress, improving efficiency and showcasing the dynamic quality of concrete. The interior space is divided into three zones of conditioning requirements, which allows for flexible layout and programming. As an extension of the arts center, our building provides necessary functions while remaining adaptable for the future.
BUILDING METRICS GROSS SQUARE FOOT: NET SQUARE FOOT: NET-GROSS RATIO:
50,100 sf 29,470 sf 1.7
FAR: SITE GROUND COVERAGE:
1.44 20%
CONSTRUCTION TYPE:
TYPE I
ENERGY USE INTENSITY: WATER USAGE:
56 kBTU/sf 9.4 gal/sf/year
OCCUPANT LOAD GALLERY: CLASSROOM: STUDIO: MAKERSPACE: FLEX WORKSPACE: TOTAL BUILDING OCCUPANCY:
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION CURRENT USE
17% SERVICE
17% SERVICE 24% FLEX
15% ENCLOSED
15% MAKERSPACE 18% GALLERY
5900 sf/30 occ. load factor = 196 persons 4030 sf/20 o.l.f. = 202 persons 5530 sf/50 o.l.f. = 110 persons 5720 sf/100 o.l.f. = 57 persons 8290 sf/50 o.l.f. = 165 persons 730 persons
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION FUTURE RECONFIGURABILITY
68% OPEN
11% CLASS 15% STUDIO
eet
Str s e l g g u R
Leo
n St
reet
N
N
Maintain street edge
Signify entrance
N
Passive solar and wind orientation
T N
Continue and expand Greenway
N
Connection to public transportation
N
Create additional campus greenspace
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION CONCRETEPARAMETERS PARAMETERS CONCRETE The one-way slab band system allows for large, open bays with no interruption of space. Loads are transfered from the bands to the hexagonal frame down to the foundation. The dimensioning is a paremetric relationship between span, depth, and width.
3’-9” wide 12” deep 15’ bays
Slab Band Dimensions
15’ span
9’ wide
6’ wide 16” deep 25’ bays
25’ span
24” deep 35’ bays
35’ span
BA
R
24”
AR
RE
20”
RE B
AL
SI O
NE
D
TIO N
PO
CO
ST
TE N
NV EN
16”
concrete core helps support cantilevered space
12”
8”
grain follows shorter dimension 8’
16’
24’
32’
40’
Span
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Hexagonal frame formwork process
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE DIAGRAM
PLANS
N
Site plan Scale: 1/16”=1’
N
Third floor
Sixth floor
Second floor
Fifth floor
Ground floor
Fourth floor
PEEL AWAY WALL SECTION Aluminum window frame Steel closure strip Unistrut facade attachment cast into concrete
8. #4 rebar 16” o.c. 16” slab bands Exposed 8” VRF heating and cooling system
14 7.
Wooden paneling
13
4” batt insulation
12 11 10
Steel stud Gypsum wall board
5. Hexagon frame varying from 6” to 2’-6”
Drip edge
2% drainage slope
4.
9
6” concrete slab
8
Rigid insulation Free draining fill
2. 2’-0” foundation
7
#4 vertical dowels 12” footing Drain gravel with filter fabric
6 1.
5
4
2
1 3
1. 2’-6” concrete footing 2. Poured in place slab at grade 3. Rain gardens 4. Cast in place hexagon diagrid 5. Wood paneling enclosure 6. Poured in place 6” slab 7. Poured in place 16” post tensioned slab band 8. Unistrut system embedded in concrete 9. Double glazed hexagonal window infill 10. 6” roof slab 11. Water proofing membrane 12. 3” rigid insulation 13. Modified bitumen cool roof membrane 14. Solar panels
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS AND FUTURE USE TODAY’S ENERGY CLIMATE
FUTURE ENERGY CRISIS
vrf heating/cooling source: hybrid geothermal
electricity source: on-site pv panels
electricity source: campus natural gas grid
movable shading for heat control
movable shading for daylight control
ZONE B ENERGY ZONING: HIERARCHY OF ZONE C CONDITION REQUIREMENTS
CORE
CORE
operable windows for natural ventilation
ZONE A ZONE B
ZONE B ZONE C
8,800 SF ROOF SURFACE LINED WITH PV PANELS TO GENERATE ~ 175,000 WATTS OF ELECTRICITY (20 W/SQ FT)
ZONE A
GROUND-SOURCE HEAT PUMP, 1 PER FLOOR
INT ER
Y LIT I AB
INT ER
Y LIT I AB
TRICITY USE ELEC
B ZONE OC CU
TRICITY USE ELEC Y LIT I AB
OPERABILITY
INT ER N
INT ER
OPERABILITY
INT ER
C ZONE
VRF DISTRIBUTION BOX, 1 PER ZONE
TY DI
INT ER
TY DI
AD A PT
OPERABILITY
AD AP T
AD A PT
TY DI
AD A PT
INT ER
OPERABILITY
TY DI
TRICITY USE ELEC
TRICITY USE ELEC
TY ILI AB
TRICITY USE ELEC
OPERABILITY
AD AP T
Y LIT I AB
TY DI
AD A PT
TRICITY USE ELEC TY ILI AB
TY DI
TY I L I AB
AD AP T
ITY TRICITY USBILE A ELEC
OPERABILITY
A ZONE
AIR HANDLERS
R I G I
R I G I
OPERABILITY
ZONE C
SITE GROUND COVERAGE: 20%, MAXIMIZING GREENSPACE AND USABLE OUTDOOR SPACE
OC CU
AD A PT
CLOSED GEOTHERMAL LOOP ABSORBS OR REJECTS HEAT FROM THE GROUND
R I G I
Y LIT I AB
REQUENCY USE F
TY DI OPERABILITY
AD A PT
REQUENCY USE F
TRICITY USE ELEC
Y NC PA
INT ER
DROP CEILING HOUSES MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
REQUENCY USE F
REQUENCY USE F
REQUENCY USE F
TRICITY USE ELEC
REQUENCY USE F
RIG I
ZONE C
UNITS CAN BE TURNED OFF AND ISOLATED
Y NC PA
Y NC PA
EG R L A N
OC CU
Y NC PA
OC CU
ENCLOSURE
EG R L A N
ENCLOSURE
HEAT RECOVERY BETWEEN ZONES ELIMINATES WASTE HEAT AND DECREASES TOTAL ENERGY USE
ZONE B
ZONE B
ENCLOSURE
RIG I
RIG I
ZONE B
ZONE A
ZONE B
REQUENCY USE F
ZONE C
ZONE A
ZONE B
Y NC PA
ZONE A
ZONE B
ENCLOSURE
OC CU
RIG I
REQUENCY USE F
RIG I
RIG I
ZONE A
EG R L NA
REQUENCY USE F
REQUENCY USE F
EG R L A N
ZONE B
CORE
EG R L A N
ENCLOSURE
OC CU
OPERABILITY
ENCLOSURE
WHITE REFLECTIVE ROOF DECREASES HEAT ABSORPTION
TY DI
EG LR NA
Y NC PA
OC CU
OC CU
Y NC PA
N
ENCLOSURE
Y NC PA
REQUENCY USE F
EG R AL
ENCLOSURALEREG
OC CU
TY DI
ENCLOSURE
Y NC PA
INT ER N
ZONE B
G RE AL
vrf heating source: geothermal
ZONE C
RAIN GARDEN COLLECTS AND FILTERS SITE WATER
SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS
East Elevation Scale: 1/16”= 1’
North Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’
West Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’
South Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’
B
A
Section A Scale: 1/16”=1’
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE FULFILLMENT
2 REQUIRED MEANS OF EGRESS 1 ACCESSIBLE PASSENGER ELEVATOR, 1 FREIGHT BATHROOM CODE: 1 PER 80 FEMALE, 50 MALE FREIGHT ELEVATOR MAIN EGRESS
SECOND EGRESS
WOMENS WC MENS WC PASSENGER ELEVATOR
Section B Scale: 1/16”=1’
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE FULFILLMENT
2 REQUIRED MEANS OF EGRESS 1 ACCESSIBLE PASSENGER ELEVATOR, 1 FREIGHT BATHROOM CODE: 1 PER 80 FEMALE, 50 MALE
MAX TRAVEL DISTANCE FROM FURTHEST POINT TO EXIT: 250’ MIN DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO EXITS: 1/3 LONGEST DIAGONAL DISTANCE
MIN DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO EXITS: 1/3 LONGEST DIAGONAL DISTANCE EXIT DISCHARGE: UNOBSTRUCTEDED PATH TO ACCESSIBLE EXIT, MAX 250’
FREIGHT ELEVATOR MAIN EGRESS WOMENS WC
SECOND EGRESS
85’ > (1/3) 180
180 ’
MENS WC PASSENGER ELEVATOR
MIN DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO EXITS: 1/3 LONGEST DIAGONAL DISTANCE
STAIR DIMENSIONS DICTATED BY OCCUPANCY LOAD
145’
RENDERINGS
CAMPUS ENTRANCE
FOURTH FLOOR “ZONE A”