CHAPTER II

“I do not think God puts us on this earth so we can be afraid of stepping into the unknown,

Isn’t tomorrow an unknown even if we all stay right here where tradition is kept, and every piece of ground is familiar………….”

(Candy Woodsmall)

2.1. INTRODUCTION TO UNDERGROUND ARCHITECTURE:

Underground cities are usually a series of subterranean spaces which can house shopping areas, transit centers, and other such functions beneath the city. Infrastructures, water, developments, natural and manufactured cavities are connected to the history and economy of a specific city or urban area. The most crucial aspect in an underground city is to develop a system of self-propelling air conditioning. This is

Figure pedestrian achieved through ventilation shafts which allow air to circulate itself. The geology sets conditions for the construction of buildings and infrastructure, predetermines prospects of future subsurface utilization (Hunt et al., 2016), and human interventions, in the deep subsurface, can change these conditions permanently and irreversibly (Rogers et al., 2012). Subjects like flood prevention, renewable energy, infrastructure, and housing all imply a claim on using or protecting subsurface space (von der Tann, Mette, Admiral, & Collins, 2018). Underground space is a resource of enormous potential benefit which has been exploited in different parts of the world for thousands of years. While some cultures have lived an underground existence, others have yet to realize any of the benefits of subsurface use. Underground resources play a key role in the construction and ecological development of the city. Building underground provides new insight into all aspects of architecture and urban design. It presents new opportunities not typically available in conventional above-ground buildings to contribute to its aboveground