The Third Space : transforming the urban core by re-qualifying the peripheries of Sao Paulo by Sahil Kanekar

THE THIRD SPACE transforming the urban core by

REQUALIFYING THE PERIPHERIES OF SAO PAULO

the schindler global award 2016/2017 team - 1789-971-3795 urban design for coexisitence, sao paulo, brazil

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

Sao Paulo is increasingly an octopus whose tentacles stretch further and further outwards, making it impossible to provide efficient transport. The tentacles head in all directions. To the west, where the corporate world, gated communities and high rise buildings proliferate. To the north, east and south where despit hundreds of empty pockets, abandoned buildings and waste land in the cneter of the city, the poorest people seek housing on the edge of the city, polluting areas that should be environmentally preserved and contaminating reservoirs that provide the metropolis drinking water. LORES,Raul Juste, The mirage and its Limits Living in the Endless City Phaidon Press Limited London 2011

INDEX 1 CONTEXT 2 NECESSITY 3 INSPIRATION 4 The maker space 5 fashion 6 process 7 vocabulary 8 proposal 9conclusion

cover image source - Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin, Dr. ir. T.

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

1 CONTEXT migration patterns explains the pattern of urban sprawl along with rampant informal civilization. The urban development has raced ahead of urban planning. This imbalance, typical of rapidly urbanizing cities has resulted in a stressed transport situation, environmental degradation, concentration of businesses in specific areas, distinct social segregation and essentially an unequal city. The recent political unrest, inflation, environmental extremes - floods and droughts add to the multiplicity of issues the city has to deal with.

São Paulo, the capital of the State of São Paulo is not only the most populous Brazilian state but also South America’s richest and largest city, with a population of over 19 million in its metropolitan region. It has seen major transformations from a Jesuit mission to a flourishing coffee trade zone to an industrial sector to the present buzzing service economy. São Paulo is now the main business hub in Latin America, hosting local and international banking offices, law firms, multinational companies and con-sumer services.

The physical planning interventions are trying to realize the transition to polycentric business distribution, better east-west transport connections and environmental initiatives. Often these are droplets in a very large ocean, the effects of which disperse away in the face of a growing population and exponential urban issues.

The development of Sao Paulo has been largely guided by politics, an industrial ideology and a ‘capital production’ philosophy. Approximately 80% of the population is urbanized with densities up to 16,500 persons per sq. mile. This coupled with the current internal

CEAGESP

politan region of São Paulo. The area in question, Vila Leopoldina faces detrimental effects of the environment during events of heavy rains. In addition, it will also lose a cru¬cial urban identity once the food distribution entity ‘CEAGESP’ moves out.

The project focuses on the planning and design of a new land development area in replacement of the existing food market CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) and food logistic hub of the metro-

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

The aim of this research is to understand the synergies involved in development in a non linear manner- where there are no right answers, perfect measures or actors who are willing to cooperate fully. Utopian approaches have proven to be applicable on smaller scales where the impact value is fairly low. While they do

of this phase of development where the industrial belt developed along the Marginal Pinheiros river bank. This also dictated the development of the neighborhoods and an influx of population that worked in these industries. With excellent connections to regional highways and adjacency to the ‘Water Ring’ of Sao Pulo, Vila Leopoldina has the status of a prime urban location today. This explains the surge of urban development in the form of gated residential neighborhoods catering to the upper middle class phasing out settlements of the working class from the district.

help make the future tangible , we need cohesive mechanisms to bring about larger changes through localized actions. But what we do have are larger frameworks, a population that seeks a better living environment and the intent and opportunity for synergistic growth. Vila Leopoldina can be a testing site to develop a strategic investment plan that capitalizes on existing investors for a more sustainable manipulation of the built environment. Characteristics: 1. Located at the North western confluence of a ‘Trimodal Transit Network’ – Rodoanel, Hidroanel, Ferroanel offering unparalleled access and opportunity for anchor development 2. Part of subsystem ‘Carapicuiba’ composing the Waterway Ring project which is located in the north-west part of São Paulo’s Metropolitan Region. In the 1950s, Sao Paulo had strong incentives from the Federal Government for heavy industrialization. Some local and peripheral cities developed major industrial parks and associated services such as storage and logistics along main highways. Vila Leopoldina is one such example

The CEAGESP moving out of Vila Leopoldina will free up 640,000 m2 of land which will become open to the free market in case the state decides to capitalize on its economic value. Given the current high rates of property in the area, it opens up a potential real estate gold mine. A conventional growth curve would see the site proliferate with gated residential and commercial development with self-contained, controlled spaces. While this is the language of the current urban growth, this spells a decline in the larger intent for health urban areas. As has been observed with several gated development programm’s the world over, spaces for interaction reduce, streets become mere residues of gated plots and are dead by night extolling social insecurities. As the popular paradigm goes ‘People attract people’. In the absence of a street that provides an opportunity to walk on, we built a city that only pro¬motes vehicular flows thus killing the essence of a public space. The environmental quality which is a predominant problem of unattractive living conditions hasn’t been prioritized yet

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

2 NECESSITY The underlying problem that must be addressed is ways to tackle the urban conditions to deal with environmental hazards that cause economic losses subsequently degrading the living conditions of the site. Infrastructure needs to be utilized in better ways. In a developing context ,the problems of cohesive planning manifests several folds. While the region is already grappling with rapid ,almost uncontrolled urbanization, hazardous forces of nature can play havoc in a linear urban revitalization approach. Hence it is essential to weave major and minor strategies considering cooperative actors who can

aid implementation. The issues noticeable at the scale of the district are: +developer led growth, gated communities for fear of burglaries +development catering to upper middle class +less focus on more vulnerable Social Classes C /D /E +stressed transit infrastructure

image source - Sumanth Rao and author

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

3 INSPIRATION The urbanization patterns will overpower this planet is an established fact. How our cities plan to combat it cannot elicit an answer in black or white. Growth is a multi-headed beast. Our cities are defined to grow two ways Top Down – as determined by the state Bottom up – As generated by the user

turing is now moving outwards towards cheaper locations. But, Brazil itself has been reeling under the deepest recession since 1901 (Bloomberg) One of the primary reasons for this amongst cities globally is the increasing dependence of the ‘service economy’ and the disappearing manufacturing sector from within city boundaries. The ongoing process of globalization seems to speed up the shift of manufacturing employment to lower--‐costs locations. “Routinized” Activities tend to disappear more rapidly than complex manufacturing (van Winden, 2011). In the same report, three chief observations have been made by the authors in opposition to the manufacturing economy: 1. Manufacturing employment has declined, but at The same time, output has grown dramatically. 2. The relative decline of manufacturing as a natural tendency when a society gets richer 3. The manufacturing sector itself has become more service intensive

While both approaches find validation, they have been segregated mainly due to complicated governance. Sao Paulo acts as an exceptional example. The fourth industrial revolution is building on the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres (World Economic Forum). On the flip side, the dependence on digital services gravely increases the sensitivity of large economies to recession and collapse. Sao Paulo is an emerging economy in a predominantly industrially driven economic region where manufac-

The ‘shrinking cities’ phenomenon of emigration due to lack of opportunities in the city that can currently be observed in some European cities is a good example. The interdependency of global service networks cascades quickly to collapse the system with nothing to latch on to. Regional economic strategies have the power to improve the robustness of the system. Hence, ‘making’ the city ‘productive’ literally is the way forward to sustainable local economies and job creation.

In June 2013, consultancy firm McKinsey, publicized a specialist interview that addressed the prevalence of the Internet of Things in manufacturing and the consequent technology-driven changes which promise to trigger a new industrial revolution also to be known as ‘Industry 4.0’. The revolution aims to capitalize on digital production within the urban realm. One of the perils of digitizing production is major disruptions in labor markets leading to loss of low skilled jobs.

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

4 the maker space What is a Makerspace?

‘The city is experiencing a moment of passage of the primacy of industrial capital to financial capital, following the general movement of the capitalist economy; the space takes on a new meaning in the general re¬production of movement of society. Thus, the uses in the city will be differentially distributed according to the consumption possibilities of the different segments of the population, thus sets up a production of segregating space, since it excludes the use of those who cannot afford to have it. In this sense, the de industrialization spaces are privileged areas for action of the articulated financial capital strategies ( Rafael Faleiros de Padua1, 2011)

Early arguments describing the Maker Movement were based on the role of ‘making’ in education and community oriented learning and production methods. With digital tools popularizing and being accessible, the movement obtained new characteristics, including the use of digital tools for creating products and design file standard. Makerspace is the community center for makers who have common interests, often in computers, machining, technology, science, digital art and electronic art to meet, socialize and collaborate. In addition, Makerspace provides a making ecosystem with building and tool libraries, spaces for engagement, business incubators and display.

Brazil shows a dip in the unemployment rates, it shows a rising rate of self employed persons and entrepreneurs- a force if tapped well can alter nature of the working ecosystem. The Maker movement is comfortable reconciling two great forces in our society: it both embraces the latest in technology and simultaneously asks what this means for people and the definition of meaningful work. Maker Cities are living experiments. Their learnings and successes suggest the contours of a hopeful economic future. (The Maker City Book)

Similar to hacking culture, making requires a certain social context for creation integrating with physical tools and objects. Strong connection to materials and community based social learning makes maker movement an emancipation process. Gauntlett (2011, cited in Shrock, 2014) reckoned the makerspace as “meso-level social structures could act as integrating elements between individuals and society”.

The idea of the Territory

date the role cities played – that of robust economic centres offering a chance to earn a living and live a cosmopolitan life. It offers a fertile realm for ideation and small to mid-scale manufacturing within the urban realm.

Territorial is a relation of borders power, relations .A territory in a geographic space, is a physical collection of qualities and characters. Territorial changes and the form of a territory are important indicators of changes in the spatial, social and economic systems (Territorialism an Introduction, Harvard GSD 2014)

The Third Space is a concept for Synergy- between the creator and the manufacturer, between top-down and ‘bottom-up’, applied for a better lifestyle. Most importantly, the third space is an attempt to reconnect the individual to the city re-appropriates his movement and establishes a sense of territorial identity towards the city.

The Third Space is a spatial idea that critiques the current rhythm of growth and wants to realign growth of our cities. TTS wants to re-vali-

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

Why Makerspace?

and market prediction and small scale production. Both western and Chinese cases indicate a process of turning ideas into products process in makerspace. Through open source software and open source design, products have been improved by collective innovation. Meanwhile, it is a learning process by know-how instead of knows-why.

Highly Connected to Industry Innovation. According to research conducted in western context and China, current business model of makerspace are mainly three types. As Troxler (2010) observed in his research, the ‘Innovation support model’ and the ‘facility model’ represent two types of Fab Lab models in western context and both of them promote a way of commons-based peer-production. The case of maker space in western context is more related to customization and small & middle size business especially for individuals. As figure shows, the connections of maker spaces in production consists of four main different categories, idea to prototype, prototype to product, funding

In the case of Sao Paulo, the Third Space proposes a sector specific, specialized application of the manufacturing concept as opposed to a general ‘hacking culture’. How can a modern propaganda for ‘making’ be applied to a traditional, but upcoming industry to steer a more robust, self-sustaining, innovative industry?

Community Building

Figure indicates, over 50% of jobs lie between blue collar and decision makers. The rising of new middle class in Brazil would demand more quality goods serviced in market. Manufacturing is experiencing a kind of renaissance inside our cities, driven by changes in attitudes towards Making and changes in technology that enable small firms to produce high quality, high-value products and take advantage of emerging local and increasingly distributed supply chains.

At a time of great change that raises questions about the very nature of work, a Maker City is how a community prepares for the future and can engage in cooperative learning to generate opportunities. This promotes a more self-aware robust workforce.

Education and Individual Empowerment

The Sao Paulo is facing gentrification and deindustrialisation which could be observed from the trend of manufacturing industry moving out. With shifting of industry structure, blue collars are facing of loss of jobs and creative class is seen as the next step of city. As discussed before, the proposal of utilizing textile industry as foundation of next economy is based on the fact that textile industry itself consists of two main aspects, textile manufacturing and fashion design industry. The workforce can be divided into the working class and creative class. As

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

5 fashion The third space is a neutral space capable of imbibing several production activities. One of the requirements for CEAGESP is also ‘finding a new identity for the site’. Hence, an anchor development specific to a manufacturing sector was essential to attract investment in the perimeter. The three largest industries in Sao Paulo are computer hardware, textile and media (encompasses fashion, law). An industry that has recently risen to prominence is ‘fashion’. Not only is Brazil one of the most promising emerging economies in the world but also one of the biggest upcoming markets in the fashion scene. The country not only has high consumption levels of clothes and accessories, but it is also one of the main targets for international brands and hosts two large fashion events of the world. Diane von Furstenberg, Missoni,

Chanel, Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Burberry have made, or are making, large investments here, opening stores in major urban centres While globalization towards world fashion is an arguable, but inevitable goal, an integral connection should be made to the rich local textile tradition. With one of the largest workforces in the country and thousands of manufacturers, innovation in textile can provide an impetus to a potential bustling industry. While the figures of imports and popularity of fashion are dizzying, it is an established fact that import value of the goods have been falling. The country can move beyond the Hawaianas and swim wear to dedicatedly innovate newer trends in the domain to prevent stagnation.

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

6 process Dupuy’s Theory of Network Urbanism ‘Urban-nature is the condition of living on industrial Earth: a ‘world’ of domesticated nature and wild urbanization. It is a paradox that supersedes dichotomy, and in doing so, it highlights the forced coexistence of its two antagonistic conditions – just as nature becomes increasingly urbanized, so the urban becomes gradually more natural to the point where concepts once seen as polarities can begin to be considered metonyms.’ (H. Gugger & B. M. Costa (2014) Ecology)

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

the connectivity within and outside the district. The location of mass transit nodes helps analyses the walk able radii towards neighborhoods and gauge the blind spots

To deliver a multidisciplinary landscape within a dense context, underÂŹstanding urban networks is central to the exercise. Urban practices, people, culture are not determined only by the space they occupy but more so by the efficiency of their connections. The above criterion have been used to construct a Layer analysis as follows: [i] First Level Operator, technical networks (water and infrastructure): the operators of the technical networks, such as the infrastructure manÂŹagers and providers of cables, roads, pipes, streets, wires, sewerage et cetera, illustrated the geographical qualities, benefits and vulnerabilities that affect the regions. In this case the fluvial flood plains, pluvial water flows help determine development potential of existing urban plots in Vila Leopoldina. This overlaid with the movement infrastructure helps gauge

[I] Second Level Operator, Consumption and production networks : the operators of the production / consumption networks, such as service providers, like health care, retail, transport services et cetera, and different groups of consumers. [iii] networks operated by individual urban households in relation to the spatial organization of urban environments. (Wandl Rocco 2012), illustrates the user programmes on site to understand the relation between living, working and the in between spaces

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

7 Vocabulary

Based on the site visit, physical and theoretical analysis and details provided in the Schindler Award Brief, three main drivers of the comprehensive urban design strategy were established. All there driver were applied to the context of the site to derive specific a comprehensive spatial strategies and real estate model for investment

Reinhard Goethert (MIT). The essence is tapping into provision of efficient site and services and letting the use by the community dictate the pace and pattern of growth. For CEAGESP, ‘regeneration based on requirement’ will be adopted. A modular approach of building units has been established to make construction Built as needed

Regenerative Initiatives, especially in ever expanding, all imbibing metropolises like Sao Paulo face the dilemma of visual identity. Cities with composite influences, without prior dominance of a design style have a reputation for generating nonchalant designs that blend in or stand out stark with respect to the fabric. The regeneration of CEAGESP plots that are already under tremendous market pressure are at high risk of market led architecture that capitalizes on very cubic centimeter. We question if Brazil needs to break the assumptions of a so-called international style and to establish a more social, more democratic form of architecture?

Visual Identity Brazil has seen incredible Oscar Niemeyer, Roberto Bulo Marx, Paulo Mendes, Lucio Costa who have championed the modern movement in design with landmark developments. Monumental initiatives for housing have precariously made less noise. As a core inspiration, the team would like to pay homage to the art and style adopted by native and perhaps the subtly known Lina Bo Bardi. Bo Bardi’s greatest legacy: she established an architectural vocabulary that favored collaboration, participation and social mixing, and she lived it as much as she preached it. The complex that the initiative particularly wishes to reminisce is the SESC Pompéia, São Paulo Lina Bo Bardi, 1986 (sports towers). As a regeneration initiative in itself that transforms industrial units into quality public spaces, the series offers apt guidelines in design style of brutal ism using simple volumes and natural light.

As an initiative that seeks to find the ‘middle ground’, the Third space looks forward to imbibing the following characteristics: Floating ownership As a ‘maker’s city’, the third space provides a ground for ideation and kick starting ideas to larger scale production. Hence, as opposed to ownership, the working spaces are let out on a fixed term lease. The profits earned from ideation and retail can be shared by the creators, state and the investor in predefined proportions. Incremental Growth In the age of unprecedented migration and transition to urbanization, the concept of ‘incremental growth’ has never been more relevant. Currently championed by UN Habitat and Prof

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

8 proposal

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

9 conclusion environment, mobility and economy facilitate connecting peripheral area to city center. As mentioned before, the site becomes the third place of the city which functions social-economically as the center of periphery. New economy highlightes the role of textile industry through maker space to create a neutral ground where both working class and creative class could get emancipated in term of innovation. Considering the brown field where site lies, Design in term of urban environment seeks to provide quality space for both working and living. The influence of location will be strengthened by new mobility connection to both periphery area and regional transport network through water transport, sharing bus and metro. The objectiveness of the project shows a different image of periphery area and it indicates the possibility of other industry area.

To conclude, space is the expression of society not reflection of society. The urban development in Sao Paulo saw the rising power of privatization and capital, which gentrified the city and influenced the mobility of people. Idea of qualifying the city periphery area bases on situation where current planning system dose no function efficiently in city suburban areas and lead to the social segregation in these regions. As expression of the society, urban environment in Sao Paulo indicates a trend that working class is gradually forcing out and creative class becomes the focus of city development. The proposal we made for the competition tends to show the other possibility to city development, through introducing the third place to create a community atmosphere for hosting both creative class and working class. Meso level has been emphasized which assists individuals in connecting society. Three aspects including

image source - author

The Schindler Global Award 2017/2016 - Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Third Space : Urban Design for Coexistence

References: www.makercitybook.com https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/inside-brazils-booming-fashion-industry http://www.sescsp.org.br/ http://unhabitat.org/incremental-housing-the-new-site-services-reinhard-goethert-massachusetts-institute-of-technology/ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrialrevolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ Schwab, K., 2016. The fourth industrial revolution. Geneva: World Economic Forum. https://issuu.com/gsdharvard/docs/territorialism SCHROCK, A. R. 2014. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Education in Disguiseâ&#x20AC;?: Culture of a Hacker and Maker Space. InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 10. TROXLER, P. Commons-based peer-production of physical goods: Is there room for a hybrid innovation ecology? 3rd free culture research conference, Berlin, 2010. VAN WINDEN, W., CARVALHO, L., VAN TUIJL, E. AND VAN DEN BERG, L 2011. What role for manufacturing industries in the urban knowledge economy?