Flevoland celebrating water

Flevoland | celebrating water Team Seul Lee, Sahil Kaneker, Alex Chi Chu Lee, Kseniya Otmakhova, Perian Yu Tutors Diego Sepulveda, Taeke Bouman

Flevoland | celebrating water Potential Danger

Pressure Air

Air

Clay reclaimed land needs time to mature by compressing out air in between.

Land subsides Flevoland being a very yound land form, pressure is put on it without letting it to mature.

Ground water level rise

Water pumped out Relative increase in ground water level, which results into pumping out water thereby increasing soil subsidence.

Air

Buildings damaged

This phenomena will damage the tree root system and building structure.

Land subsides

Soil subsidence

source - www.government.nl/ministries/ienm source - https://www.government.nl/ministries/ministry-of-infrastructure-and-the-environment

Introduction - relevance of the project

As the sea level will rise in future, the pressure of salinated ground water (dark blue) will increase and push the fresh ground water (light blue) level.

The ground water level in general rise and bring potential flooding.

Sea level rise

Pressure

Ground water level rise Team Seul Lee, Sahil Kaneker, Alex Chi Chu Lee, Kseniya Otmakhova, Perian Yu Tutors | Diego Sepulveda, Taeke Bouman

‘Flevoland – celebrating water’ is a project with its main scope being water management. As one of today’s most urgent challenges climate change is mostly addressed from the engineering point of view. The Netherlands as a water-based country with reclaimed lands copes with soil subsidence and ground water level rising, problems that will be only amplified by the climate change trend.

Within the Netherlands relatively young land of Flevoland faces these problems the most. The growing city of Almere suffers the heaviest soil subsidence whereas the further groundwater level rising would endanger the existence of agriculture, one of the main sources of income of the province.

However the Delta Program which is designed to address the water management issues of the Netherlands and mentions the severity of soil subsidence does not provide any ‘Delta decisions’ on this topic.

The solution to the twofold issue of groundwater level rising and soil subsidence in Flevoland (and similar areas in the rest of the Netherlands) lies not solely in the hand of engineers, but should also be addressed by spatial planners (Mark Bierkens) as

this project will further showcase.

The risk prediction on soil subsidence for Flevoland is an increase of subsidence by 50 cm in 2050 and by another 10 cm this century. Simultaneously there is flooding danger because of the rising ground water level and draught danger as consequence of climate change. Citizens, farmers and landowners will be the first ones in trouble because of these risks. However as the power-risk diagram shows, they have not much influence in solving the issue, that is mainly in hands of big stakeholders like water board, municipality and province who on the contrary will not easily feel affected by the effects of the risk.

Ground water level rising process is the key in turning the above mentioned risks into opportunities. The continuous availability of water makes it possible to create new urban systems, new agricultural structure and consequently new economy.

Risk projection - Flevoland in 2050

Soil Subsidence - Flevoland Maximum expected subsidence by 2050 is 50 cm

source - GMES - service for mapping and monitoring subsidence hazards in coastal lowlands areas around Europe (document)

Power | Risk analysis of stakeholders Water Board Farmers

n

Inhabitants Land owners Housing corporations Investors

source - GMES - service for mapping and monitoring subsidence hazards in coastal lowlands areas around Europe (document)

Lack of integration - existing

Municipalities Province Delta Program

Approach graph

Approach - integrating water management with spatial planning

consultation - Frans van de Ven; TU Delft, civil engineering department

Strategy - spatial approach

Integration Adaptation Mitigation

Tools buffering with vegetation

adapting landuse

n

Stabilization increasing surface water

5 km

Approach to the challenge By accepting the predicted trend of ground water level rising the soil subsidence can be stabilized. The conventional way of stabilizing reclaimed land is to pressure the surface soil in order to squeeze out the air in between unsaturated zone causes soil subsidence. Another method that minimizes the impact of subsidence is to raise groundwater level and let groundwater fill in the air gaps in order to support the land. The current drainage canal system does not provide a good solution for the potential danger in Flevoland. It does not alleviate the existing soil subsidence problem and potential groundwater level rising. While now it is mechanically pumping out the water in order to control the situation, it could face the scenario where the mechanical systems will not be able handle the aggregating problem.

Applying the latter method of soil stabilization will have consequences for future spatial planning in the province. That’s why water management should be the core of future developments.

These three strategic steps result in a spatial strategy that will reinforce the existing urban systems and will provide spatial continuity between the cities as well.

Five crucial projects will illustrate how water management can structure future trends of Lelystad, redefine the city axis of Dronten, establish urban regeneration in Almere, reinforce the connection between the urban cores of Lelystad and Almere and finally create new conditions for urban potentials in Zeewolde. Together they will ensure spatial continuity in Flevoland, create synergy between the urban and the natural systems as well as the economics of the cities thus, making Flevoland a stronger region that can be a full-fledged link in the chain of the Randstad and northern part of the Netherlands.

Water management to structure future trends

Water management as link between urban cores

Water management for urban regeneration Further this project will demonstrate the potentials of integrating water management with spatial planning and also showcase the new high quality environments within the region. All five interventions touch upon the different aspects of water explored at different scales, such as water for future trends, water for developing an axis, water for regeneration, water as spatial experience and connecting factor and water to explore untapped potentials.

Analysis of infrastructure, water, green and urban systems shows a lack of integration between these systems where a potential for synergy is present.

This leads to the following vision for the regional plan: to create a robust and resilient water manageBy demonstrating these points the intention is to ment system that will facilitate synergetic spatial highlight soil subsidence as a major threat and it developments of Flevoland. should be addressed in an elaborate way in Delta decisions. At national level, these interventions not How to achieve the desired future? only create a new identity of Flevoland as a region Based on the earlier mentioned risks, the approach and lead it to sustainable economic growth, but also of accepting the ground water level rising and the provides new solutions to areas with similar soil subvision three strategies were formulated for the proj- sidence and ground water level problems. To sumect. First strategy, stabilization, addresses the risk of marize, Flevoland will act as a pilot project to address soil subsidence. Second strategy, adaptation & miti- the soil subsidence and ground water level rise probgation, addresses the risk of draught by changing the lems in a more coherent and innovative ways. existing landscape. The techniques used to apply this strategy are: terracing of the landscape, increasing water surface level, creating vegetation buffers and adapting land use. Third strategy, integration, addresses the possibility of flooding by integration of different spatial and functional systems.

n

Water management to redefine city axis

Water management to create new conditions for urban potentials

0 km

Water management for urban regeneration Increasing surface water Buffering with vegetation

Residential block to water response Almere Buiten Almere Stad

Phase 3

New floating house typology at wetlands

High Commercial Mixed use Residential

n

Almere Haven

Industrial Occupied plots Phase 2 Vacant plots Phase 1

1 km Flevoland Celebrating water Author - Sahil Kanekar Stakeholders Individuals Investors Housing corporations Almere municipality Flevoland province Water Board Delta Program Land owners Existing green vacant plots Existing surface water in corridor Increased surface water

6.03 km2 2.38 km2 3.58 km2

Green Blue Corridor as a core focus for future urban development

Almere is the city which is suffering from major soil subsidence. To address soil subsidence two technical approaches are expected; increasing the surface water and dense buffer vegetation.

Hence, the intention is to create a green-blue corridor running across three major districts of Almere; Almere Haven, Almere Stad and Almere Buiten. In this green-blue corridor, water and vegetation acts as an infrastructure which stabilizes land from soil subsidence, where water management is integrated with spatial planning to create new high quality environments. To do so, land uses, building functions, building typologies and vacant plots were mapped to understand the feasibility of intervention. The project is divided in three broad phases; Phase 1 - Adapting and mitigating the indentified vacant plots to increase surface water, make dense water network and increase buffer vegetation. New functions shall be introduced on these plots responding to the functions around it.

Phase 2 - Phase 2 involves integrating existing land use, building functions and typologies with the water system. This leads to new relations between the built form and landscape around it, thereby creating new high quality environment.

Phase 3 - Phase three is about re orienting the urban fabric towards the green-blue corridor making it a core element in the future urban development.

These steps shall make water management system as a driving factor for the future urban regeneration in Almere.

Sports facility to water response

Widening canal in residential core

Widening canal in commercial core

Watermanagement for new spatial experience

Connecting city cores

Integrating urban and rural area’s

Integrating wetland and agriculture spatial connection between city cores zone extension area of synergy between city, wetland and agriculture

Widening the canal to increase the water surface

1 km

>>> FACTS & FIGURES Author: Kseniya Otmakhova Program: net transformation landscape water

1930 ha.

1930 ha.

250 ha.

Stakeholders involved:

waterboard municipality

landowners

farmers

New qualities This intervention is about connecting the city cores by means of expanding the wetlands further landward in order to create synergy between city, rural areas and wetland. Accepting the ground water level rising asks for new uses of the agricultural land and phasing of this change for the whole province. The plan as shown Wetland camping above is the first pilot step for this development, when collaboration with a small amount of different actors will be tested out. The intervention is twofold. One axis connects the two city cores of Lelystad and Almere through a new, varied spatial experience by extension of wetland landscape, this way strengthening the identity of Flevoland as a waterprovince. The other axis Leveling of landscape works on a smaller scale transition between the city Phasing and rural area. By extending some of urban functions in a rural wetland setting, and adding small scale agricultural functions for the citizens, the mental maps of the city and rural area will overlap and establisch a stronger connection between the two.

Current

2 km

3 km

4 km

Water resilient typology summer houses

Wetland city park

Proposal 2021

Aimed effect: Spatial diversity and continuity between the two city cores in order to create synergy between city, rural areas and wetlands.

Further future development (2030 and on)

5 km

Water Management to Create New Conditions for Urban Potentials DEMONSTRATIVE DESIGN: LANDSCAPE TYPE adaptive bed

dry land

wet soil 10

20

30

1.

2.

3.

TRANSPORTATION

LEVELS lowest mid-level defensive

WATER MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS

adapting landuse

WATER DEFENSE+CONTROL

FUTURE EXPANSION

dike lock

terracing

By analysing city structure and expansion, and taking FACTS & FIGURES advantage of assets from Hardewijk, the vision of TEAM: Zeewolde is formed as: Alex Chih-Chu Lee 4515943 -agro-industry base of Flevoland.

-alleviate development pressure of Almere PROGRAM: -gate of Flevoland and Eastern Netherlands urban area 1268 ha.

-form functionally connecting belt. residential 42.2 ha.

To design condition for the designated development, industrial 49.4 ha. port 111.2 ha. robustness, diversity, and adaptivity is introduced by earthwork

2374 ha. terracing and providing various landscape types.

689.5ha.

Water management intervention aims to provide these increased water qualities: By backing the water defense dike, creating landscape that buffers water level rising, adaptivity is STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED: introduced; transforming backed up dike into higher development cluster, robustness is guaranteed from both water level rising and subsidense; generated the pr m W ho inv lan level difference of the intervention, diversity of landuse ind un ate ov us es do ivi inc ici ing to rB du is created with the height difference and relation with wn pa r e al o er l ar ity adjacent elements. d Intervention is demonstrated through zooming into a specific site of Zeewolde. By manupilating land height, AIMED EFFECT: Utilizing water management intervention to create conditions the intervention further restructure water management for urban connection and expansion. system, facilitate transportation potential, and further anticipate expansions. Various development potential is triggered, including new catalog of agriculture, deep water canal connecting inland canals, and small port facilitating expected industrial zone.

Successfully implemented, the intervention will grow in phases according to future vision in other parts of Flevoland, transforming spatially for different usage.

Stakeholder agreement will follow “Room for River� mode, which coorporation and negotiation happened in various levels.

waterway road

industy residential leisure

1. TERRACED AGRICULTURE canal industries for road wet agriculture aquaculture

polder landscape

industries for water elevated road

Wolderwijd

dry agriculture

lowered dike

2. DEEP WATER CANAL polder landscape

canal industries for road lock lock

elevated road adaptive landscape

Wolderwijd

industries for water

3. SMALL SCALE PORT

lowered dike

proposed industry cluster existing Zeewolde

canal

agriculture

lock

existing Zeewolde industry-facilitating port