Cross-processing effect

Similar to over- and under-processing is the practice of processing a film in chemicals different to that suggested by the manufacturer. If a transparency film normally processed E-6 is instead processed C-41 (color negative) the result is a negative that will print with colors and tones different to those originally photographed. Matching a film to an incorrect process can be done in any combination but the results can vary from amazing to very disappointing, but well worth the experimentation. It is important to note film speed changes when cross-processing. As a general rule transparency film should be underexposed by one stop when processing in C-41, and negative film overexposed by one stop. This is only a guide and variations in film speed and processing should be tested to obtain the result you want.

Digital cross-processing

Using the software Adobe Photoshop it is possible to create a visual equivalent of crossprocessing using digital editing techniques.

Normal process

Cross-process Michael Wennrich

Activity 4

Photograph subjects of varying contrast using transparency film or digital capture. Bracket the exposures and keep a record of aperture and time if using film. Use Adobe Photoshop to create the effect of cross-processing or process the film using the C-41 process (consult the lab prior to processing). Label the results for reference, comparison and discussion.