Celebrating Togetherness - Through Avenues of Interaction, bringing people together by Saksham Garg

Celebrating Togetherness Through Avenues of Interactions, bringing People Together…

Project By:

Saksham Garg

Design Dissertation 2020-2021 | Rizvi College of Architecture | University of Mumbai

DECLARATION I hereby declare that the report titled

Celebrating Togetherness

Through Avenues of Interaction, bringing people together

submitted by me, for the fulfilment of the Bachelors in Architecture at Rizvi College of Architecture, Mumbai is a record of the Design Dissertation carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Ajjay Ssharma. I further declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where other’s ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I affirm that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or falsified any idea/data/fact/source to the best of my knowledge. I understand that any violation of the above will cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have not been cited properly.

Place: Gotan, Rajasthan Date: May 27, 2021

Saksham Rajesh Garg Roll no.: 1659 Rizvi College of Architecture

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis guide Prof. Ajjay Ssharma for guiding me throughout the process and providing me his valuable time and efforts towards my dissertation. Without his ideas and critiques, I would have not been able to produce the current standard of work. My sincere thank goes to my family, Mrs. Manjusha Garg (Mother), Mr. Rajesh Garg (Father) for providing me continuous support and love throughout this journey. Without them this would not have been possible. A special thanks to Manan Garg, my elder brother for constantly pushing me to do something new to strive harder. I would like to thank, J.K. White Cement, Gotan administration, and L. K. Singhania Education Centre, Gotan, administration and Staff for providing me relevant data and information to complete the research. I would also express my gratitude towards Prof. Fatema Master and Prof. Tanya Shah, for providing constructive feedback and helping me in adding value to the whole process. Lastly, I would like to thank my friends Mudit Jain and Shrey Shah, for continuously motivating me to continue working in a positive direction. It is they, who guided me and kept faith in me. Thank You for helping me throughout, irrespective of what the time was. I would extend my gratitude to all my family members, friends, seniors, colleagues and everyone who were a part of this journey directly or indirectly, who helped me completing this design dissertation. This would not have been possible without any of you. Thank You everyone.

Fig. 1: People enjoying in a physical Spaces Image Clicked on site by Author

Celebrating Togetherness Through Avenues of Interactions, bringing People Together…

Research and Literature Study

Semester IX | Rizvi College of Architecture | University of Mumbai

1. ABSTRACT 14-15 2. BACKGROUND 16-23

2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.

Early Humans Community Mental Well-being Need Of A Physical Space Conclusion

18 19 19 20 21-23

3. INTRODUCTION 24-35 3.1. Interpersonal Relationships 3.2. Is Community The Key? 3.3. The Current Need: Integrated Townships 3.4. Aim Of Research 3.5. Objective 3.6. Hypothesis 3.7. Scope And Limitations 3.7.1. FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY

26-27 27-28 28-34 35 35 35 35

3.7.2. LIMITATIONS

4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 36-69 4.1. Evolution Of Human Interpersonal Relationships 4.2. Community Living And Its Importance 4.3. Advent Of Technology 4.3.1. Change In Mode Of Interaction

38-39 40-41 42-44

4.4. Case Of Lock-down Due To Pandemic COVID-19 4.4.1. Major Shift To Digitization

45-66

4.5. Understanding Different Modes Of Interactions 4.5.1. Social Interactions

67-69

4.3.2. Negative Impact on Interpersonal Relationships 4.3.3. Impact On Mental Well-being

4.4.2. Impact On Interpersonal Relationships 4.4.3 Social Connect- Google Form Survey Summary

4.5.2. Cultural Interactions 4.5.3. Economic Interactions

Table of Contents

5. CASE STUDIES 70-74

5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4.

Socio-Culture centre, Rohini, Delhi Reinosa Socio- Cultural centre Socio-Culture Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi Kusumagaraj, Nashik, Maharashtra

71 72 73 74

6. METHODOLOGY 75-123 6.1. Site Selection 6.2. Site Selection Criteria 6.3. Description of sites

76-77 78 79-87

6.4. Local Architectural Context 6.4.1 Socio Economic Conditions

88-90

6.5. Climatic and Environmental Conditions

6.6 Study of Spaces 6.6.1 Rajasthan Climate Responsive Architecture

6.6.2. Forest Hammock Gallery by SEUP 6.6.3. Interactive Public Spaces by 100 Architects 6.6.4 Impact of Colours in Physical Space

6.7. Research Question 6.8. Program Formulation Google Form Survey for Program Validation

92-107 93-95 96-97 98-105 106-107 108 108-123

Figure. 1: Figure. 2:

People enjoying in a physical Spaces Friends interacting

Figure. 3: Figure. 4: Figure. 5: Figure. 6: Figure. 7: Figure. 8:

Background Chapter Description Gathering of Early Humans into groups Diverse group of people forming a community Steps to Mental Well-being Knitting Together Physical and Digital Interaction. Virtual VS Physical Interaction

Figure. 9: Figure. 10: Figure. 11: Figure. 12: Figure. 13: Figure. 14: Figure. 15: Figure. 16: Figure. 17: Figure. 18:

People Connecting digitally in a physical space Introduction Chapter description People and Relationships Friends consoling their friend, sense of belongingness Location of Cement Plants across India People and Relationships J.K.White Cement Gotan, Factory Aerial View Township Aerial View School Aerial View Impact of Technology, and people involvement ANTOINE GEIGER explores the impact of technology through art

Figure. 19: Figure. 20:

Review Of literature Chapter Description

Development of Human Brain, in terms of, EMPATHY, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS and COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Figure. 21: Figure. 22: Figure. 23: Figure. 24: Figure. 25: Figure. 26: Figure. 27: Figure. 28: Figure. 29: Figure. 30: Figure. 31: Figure. 32:

News Article: Growing trend of community living Integrated Township Concept People and Relationships People and Relationships Graph Showing impact on mental well-being. People Connecting during lockdown via video calls Articles, indicating, increase in the use of digital platforms for communications Articles indicating, how lockdown brought people closer Images of Google form Survey (Page 47-63) Graphs indicating comparative percentages due to group exercise and solo or no exercise Articles, indicating, proposal of socio-cultural centres Cultural Connect between people

Figure. 33: Figure. 34: Figure. 35:

View of Socio-Cultural Centre Plan of Socio-Cultural Centre (Not to Scale) Site context and description (Not to Scale)

List of Figures Figure. 36: Figure. 37: Figure. 38: Figure.39: Figure. 40:

Side view (Not to Scale) Upper plaza Transparent screen towards road Exploded axonometric view Flow-chart, Program Distribution

Figure. 41: Figure. 42: Figure. 43:

Master Plan (Not to Scale) Section: Centre of Performing Arts (Not to Scale) Line diagram of Socio-Culture Centre

Figure. 44: Figure. 45: Figure. 46:

View and Section of space Plan and cross section (Not to Scale) Conceptual sketc.hes

Figure. 47: Figure. 48: Figure. 49: Figure. 50:

Map of Gotan and its surrounding Map of Rajasthan J.K. WHITE CEMENT TOWNSHIP (SATELLITE IMAGE) View of township with site and context

Figure. 51: Figure. 52: Figure. 53: Figure. 54: Figure. 55:

Site and context Site Images Site Eye Level View Site 1 and context View of township with site and context

Figure. 56: Figure. 57: Figure. 58: Figure. 59:

Site Images Site Eye Level View Site 2 and context View of township with site and context

Figure. 60: Figure. 61: Figure.62: Figure. 63:

Site Images Site Eye Level View Site 4 and context View of township with site and context

Figure. 64: Figure. 65: Figure.66: Figure. 67:

Site Images Site Eye Level View Site 3 and context View of township with site and context

Figure. 68: Figure. 69: Figure. 70: Figure. 71:

Local Architectural Contexts Demography Study Climatic Study Traditional Architecture of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Figure. 72: Figure. 73: Figure. 74: Figure. 75: Figure. 76: Figure. 77:

Study Model of Courtyard, clicked on-site with reference to light. Central Courtyard Courtyard cool air circulation Heavy mass Construction West Facade Shading Open Planning of space

Figure. 78: Figure. 79: Figure. 80: Figure. 81: Figure. 82:

Experiment conducted to see the movement of hot air within a space Flat roof construction with light colour material Study Model of Jali wall, clicked on-site with reference to light. Screened porches and patios Projections shading the facade

Figure. 83: Figure. 84: Figure. 85: Figure. 86: Figure. 87:

Forest Hammock Gallery, SEUP Exploded view of the space Internal Cut-out for tree Internal waiting area around tree Roof Plan (Not to Scale)

Figure. 88: Figure. 89: Figure. 90: Figure. 91: Figure. 92: Figure. 93: Figure. 94: Figure. 95: Figure. 96: Figure. 97: Figure. 98:

Project big bang Aerial view of project big bang Project Hang out Project Hangout Project Illustration Project Blue Ribbon Aerial View of Project Project Illustration Project Pixel Aerial View of Project Project Illustration

List of Figures Figure. 99: Figure. 100: Figure. 101: Figure. 102: Figure. 103: Figure. 104: Figure. 105: Figure. 106: Figure. 107: Figure. 108: Figure. 109: Figure. 110: Figure. 111:

Colours Program Formulation Chart Google form survey Graphs and Images Camping Space Natural Reading Space Group Exercise Community plantation and Sapling store Music Jam Rangoli and Graffiti Story telling sessions under the tree Life size, chess board Street Theatres Digital Interactive Space

Figure. 112: Figure. 113:

Kathputli Kathputli shows and kathputli making

Figure. 114: Figure. 115:

People interaction, Interpersonal Communication Skills Man merging into a group, developing relationships

Figure.116: Figure.117: Figure.118: Figure.119:

Revisiting Childhood Memories Aspect of Designing spaces Traditional Rajasthan Performance Space Gotan Surrounded by places rich in cultural heritage

“

It is not an unknown fact that working from home has been a tough nut to crack for most of the people out there. My case is no different, having virtual on boarding with a new company during lockdown gave me hard time connecting with my colleagues. Things were not bad, but it could have been better. Pacing up with the work and having training sessions online was going just fine and as per requirements. Then one day, there was surprise fun event conducted by our manager where the whole team was made to come on a call, (turning video on was a choice) and we played some games and talked about our life other than work and how are we coping up with new normal. Just an half hour event and it helped me know my team mates better and a have sense of belongingness. The hesitation which I subconsciously had in my head seemed to vanish which led to better communication and work performance. Apart from all of that work seemed less of a burden as people who earlier were just colleagues now were new friends who were more approachable and friendly and not just help with the work better, but also lift up mood during pressurising times.”

”

- Ravija Bhardwaj Analysts, Claims @ AXA XL, Division of AXA

ABSTRACT

“MAN IS BY NATURE A SOCIAL ANIMAL; AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS UNSOCIAL NATURALLY AND NOT ACCIDENTALLY IS EITHER BENEATH OUR NOTICE OR MORE THAN HUMAN. SOCIETY IS SOMETHING THAT PRECEDES THE INDIVIDUAL. ANYONE WHO EITHER CANNOT LEAD THE COMMON LIFE OR IS SO SELF-SUFFICIENT AS NOT TO NEED TO, AND THEREFORE DOES NOT PARTAKE OF SOCIETY, IS EITHER A BEAST OR A GOD.”

ARISTOTLE, GREEK PHILOSOPHER

Human Being are considered as social animals and their ability to accommodate themselves within a group of common ideologies, interests is a result of this. Evolution of a human has been in a such way that they perform their actions which can be directly or indirectly associated with someone else or can be influenced by someone else of same interests. Mental well-being is a universal human experience, regardless of the age. According to American Institute of stress: 77% of people experience stress that affect their physical health, 73% of people have stress that directly affect their mental health and 48% of people have trouble sleeping because of stress. World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that social isolation has been a key trigger in mental illness, while supportive relationships and interactions with family, friends, neighbours, or volunteering are beneficial for the mental well-being for individual within a society or community. The lifestyle has become more transient and reliant more on digital tools, which poses a threat to the simple interactions which takes places within a community at a local level, to a sense of social connect, physical dependence, coping up with the life changes etc.. Conforming to these conditions, there is need of the hour to understand and respond to the lost essence physical interaction, socially and culturally for a healthier mental well-being of the population. Providing an avenue for mental well-being by establishing the importance of physical interaction, socially culturally or economically, within a neighbourhood and uplifting the cultural aspects of the community within a formally established context is the main aim of the dissertation.

nect Social Con

Mental W ell-being

Human Interaction

BACKGROUND Section dealing with, background of dissertations, starting from how the early humans became social, how it let to the community formations and why it is important. It also deals with creating build up for the research, as how, becoming social has a impact on the mental well-being and why there is a need of physical space.

Community

Early Humans

How did Human race became socially active

Need of physical space

Social Network

Physical Interaction

Mental Well-being

Conclusion

2.1 EARLY HUMANS Looking around, it is completely impossible to disregard the importance of human interactions to human society. Such aspects form the basis of ones extended family, locally as well as globally. But how did the humans become social in first place? Over the past decades, the anthropologists and researchers have gained several understandings, in the evolution of social groups. It has been found that complex groups and societies evolved in step. The several small groups gradually grew larger, complex ultimately resulting in various organisations and civilisations.

Fig. 4: Gathering of Early Humans into groups

Over time humans began to settle in hearths and shelter to eat and socialise. As brains became more complex and growth span became much larger, large groups became essential for survival because of the assistance they offer. In addition to this Human in the earliest days started to settle in groups for the purpose of safety in numbers and gathering of resources which could be shared equally. They believed in egalitarian social relationships between in each other.

COMMUNAL LIVING CAN BE TRACED BACK TO THE EARLIEST DAYS OF HUMAN COHABITATION, HISTORIANS KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS ARGUED THAT HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES WERE TRADITIONALLY BASED ON EGALITARIAN SOCIAL RELATIONS AND COMMON OWNERSHIP.’

BEE BREDERS

2.2 COMMUNITY Community can be best defined as a group of people who are mutually interconnected with each other due to some of the common interests, belongings, nature of work, ideas, pace residing at etc..

Fig. 5: Diverse group of people forming a community

Image Source: Freepik.com

Human beings need a sense of trust and belonging with the other person for association in the end which builds community and create participation within. They are part not just one but many communities, be it related to work, family, neighbourhood, common interests, or common nature of work. They may not be directly related, but indirectly in some or the other way they are. As stated by Martin Luther king ‘Web of Mutuality’, most individuals are associated with a society or community for the purpose of life necessities, where some are associated for the safety of their family, themselves, and work. This is what were the first instances of the early human, why they began to settle in social groups. Within a community, there may co-exists various kinds of sub-groups, which are formed due to various influences. There could be a community which is formed due to the formal rules and regulation governed upon the work culture that exists within. Whereas a sub-community or an informal group may be formed later by the residents who are indirectly associated to a larger formal community. These small socially active groups possess a great influence on the Mental Well-being of an individual and created a social network which is linked to a larger network that pre-exist.

2.3 MENTAL Well-being

Fig. 6: Steps to Mental Well-being

Image Source: Freepik.com

Mental Well-being well described as positive mental health is described as a state in which an individual realises self-abilities, responsibilities, and capabilities. It is a situation in which he/she can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to his or her community. Promotion of Mental Health involves behaviour that improve psychological wellbeing. This may involve creating an environment that supports mental health. As described, Human is a social animal, it needs physical interaction which no amount of digital interaction can fulfil. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 19

“NOTHING CAN BE COMPARED WITH LIVING IN REAL COMMUNITIES AND SPENDING ACTUAL PHYSICAL TIME WITH PEOPLE AROUND.” PROFESSOR JABLONSKI, NORWEGIAN ENT SPECIALIST

Fig. 7: Knitting Together Physical and Digital Interaction. Source: Author

2.4 NEED OF A PHYSICAL SPACE Continuous technological advancement has led to great progressions. As its capabilities have increased, our dependency on it has also increased. In many ways it has socially brought people together.

Fig. 8: Virtual VS Physical Interaction

Image Source: Freepik.com

While it has provided an ability to work remotely, it has also huge effect on creating large human gaps not in physical distance may be, but in interpersonal relationships. Example like texting provides a static feedback which only provided momentarily gratification, it lacks a sense of emotional touch, the long-lasting happiness which is created in a personal interaction. It has resulted in emergence of an ‘Constant Checker’, a person who almost constantly, unknowingly forced to check mails, texts, or social media accounts. Since the virtual communication may not involve a personal touch, on a qualitative ground, it makes the person less human, eliminating critical visual and auditory feedback, making the conversation more robotic. It lacks the excitement or sadness; reactions or body language, moreover the emotional feedback which is important in a positive human to human interaction for the better belongingness, which ultimately improves. 20 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Conclusion.

With the evolution human brain, complex organisations and social groups, mankind started living in communities. Being social and physically active became the key strength of the ancestors when they switched from being nomads to living in communities. With the advent of digital technology, it has brought people together by allowing us to easily connect with one another through just the click of a button, when it comes to long distance. Modern day living has become multifaceted with the evolution of technology and social media. But when we talk about interpersonal relationships with immediate family or surrounding, it has increased distances. For example, many a times an individual prefer text rather talking amongst themselves, which somehow affect the relationship, thus affecting the well-being of an individual.

THUS, THE NEED OF THE HOUR IS THAT THE DIGITAL INTERACTION AND PHYSICAL INTERACTION SHOULD BE KNIT TOGETHER FOR THE BETTER HUMAN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS.

The concept of interpersonal relationship involves social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. A smaller number of deep and long lasting relationships are being overtaken by unlimited access to new friendships and attention. The human desire for gratification and attention is very strong along with the natural tendency to find the easiest way to get it. JETHRO GOODCHILD, July 9, 2019

Fig. 9: People Connecting digitally in a physical space Source: actuaries.digital, JETHRO GOODCHILD

INTRODUCTION Section deals with creating backdrop of interpersonal relationships,and what are its advantages and disadvantages. It also talks about various aspects of community living and the current scenario and implications of digital tools over personal interactions. The later part talks about integrated townships, and the concept has come up to benefit the people as a whole.

Interpersonal Relationships

Integrated Townships

Current Need

Social Connect

Is Community a key?

How do we upgrade the older Integrated Townships Fig. 10: Introduction Chapter description

3.1 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Before the advent of technology and innovation of social media tools, the interaction which used to take place was completely different. People use to meet physically in order to satisfy the need of physical bonding. House parties, Community gathering, festival planning used to happen on a dining table together. Due to less advancement in digital tools, people had to meet physically for a healthy discussion and for spending leisure time together. Whereas with the advent of technology the interaction started to happen through new digital tools, Emails, video calls, Text Messages etc.. Most of the conversation now have shifted to online means, either to voice calls, instant text messaging, or video calls.

Fig. 11: People and Relationships

Image Source: Freepik.com

For Example: The advent of technology has increased the importance of Greeting Card. A greeting card, or a hand written letter has become a special gesture for the both the recipient and the sender. It is associated with some amount of emotions which a sender conveys. Secondly with the Lockdown enforced worldwide due to pandemic COVID-19, all of us became isolated at home with the families or away with families. The significantly increase in the number of videos calls every day, voice calls, instant text messaging signifies the need of human to human interaction. People being not allowed to go out and visit the known ones on their birthday or other functions, people started sending video messages and greetings to convey their feeling, which was less explored.

Hence the need of people bonding with each other and the sense of social connect is important irrespective of the means could be conveyed.

Though the technology has enabled us some amount of social connection that would have never been possible before, and has enabled us to maintain long-distance relationships that might would have affected, the fact remains that it is increasing gaps between interpersonal relationships, as well as slowly ruining the quality of social interaction that we all need as human beings.

“I LIKE TO TRAVEL, SEE NEW PEOPLE, AND BROADEN MY HORIZONS. IT’S ABOUT THE INTERACTION WITH THE PEOPLE YOU MEET. I LOVE IT.” PROFESSOR JABLONSKI, NORWEGIAN ENT SPECIALIST 26 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

While many of us are still interacting, majority of such interactions doesn’t happen in physical, rather happens online. For example, An individual may have more than 2000 followers, on Instagram with whom there is regular exchange of thoughts and comments, but there is still struggled to feel the personal touch of indulging in a face to face conversation. A person may contribute to more than 20 WhatsApp Chats, but the time take to indulge in online conversation outweighs the time spend with these people physically. It’s about meeting like-minded people, sharing ideas, and working toward common goals. Being in the same room as a client or colleague, shaking hands with them or simply having a coffee with a new potential business partner gives you an accurate understanding of a situation without having to guess what is meant through digital correspondence. It offers us the chance to pick up on gestures, tone and nuance which are things that over email may be misinterpreted.

Fig. 12: Friends consoling their friend, sense of belongingness

Image Source: Freepik.com

3.2 IS COMMUNITY THE KEY Community Living or living in societies, townships has paced its importance in current scenario. Living in such spaces with social bonding has now become a popular choice among the populations of all age groups due to various reasons. New England Journal of Medicine in 2010 published a study which reveals that spending time, enjoying the right leisure activities with friends preserves emotional skills. Exploring new hobbies and pastimes, volunteering time with a charitable cause you believe in, embracing new challenges – all these helps keep those neurons firing. Some townships conduct various programs within the community like yoga classes, Voluntary activities, life enrichment programs. Living where one is surrounded by peers feels great at any age. For older generation, the difference can be seen in both length and quality of life. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 27

SHARED AMENITIES: Now a days many townships, societies have included one stop amenities starting from entertainment, daily need grocery stores, gym spas which has attracted population to come and live within the community. SAFETY AND SECURITY: In the times of growing theft and less security, these societies have a controlled environment with strict security measures. Such places are now developed with control access to people, less traffic, spaces for pedestrians to move safely etc.. which is not found in the individual housing pattern. SOCIAL INTERACTION: Such townships, societies has developed a scope of interaction within the community and build a sense of togetherness amongst themselves. Which can be relied upon at the time of emergency. It offers a chance of widening the social circle and build a social relationship with the neighbours. AFFORDABILITY: Setting up an individual housing comparatively involves more monetary expenses, where as in these townships and society, there are facilities of continuous power supply, water supply, power backup, fire safety mechanism etc.., which are difficult to set up in an individual housing pattern, monetarily. These types of townships attract large number of small-scale business to set up nearby, give boost to local business, boosts the local culture of the area surrounding the township or society which in results create job opportunities for the people living within the society and people living around.

Hence the concept of INTEGRATED TOWNSHIPS has gained importance. 3.3 THE CURRENT NEED

INTEGRATED TOWNSHIPS With the growing migration of people towards the urban spaces, the need of smart and sustainable life of every individual has given a rise to the concept of Integrated Townships. Such townships have emerged as a solution to various prevailing problems of traffic congestion, visitor parking, security, and surveillance. Quality Living is one such key aspect of this. It is a township which offers plethora of amenities for its residents. It has the proper balance of residential, commercial, and educational amenities supporting the healthy lifestyle of an individual.

RISE OF INTEGRATED TOWNSHIPS As the mankind progressed and became more social, the need and idea of living in self-sustained, integrated townships got emphasized. With the industrial revolution, there were many industries set-up for the development of the country. Many townships were built by big industrialists, to house the employees and labourers working in their organisations. This led to development of many small, medium or largescale townships. The promoters focused on providing better housing solutions. Primarily such townships were established to fulfil the basic need of housing and provide infrastructure for better standard of living.

PAST

The employees had their jobs on which their daily routine is dependent. But with employees, their families also becomes the important members of the community which is established. Such Townships did not included any amenities focused on families of the employees. 28 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Observation A lot of industries and townships are concentrated in Rajasthan, due to presence of raw materials required for the manufacturing of the cement. This is the reason a lot of townships are established in and around these industries.

Location of J.K Townships and Ultratech Cement Township across India

Whereas now due to continuously changing environment and people have become well versed with global living trends, there is constant aspiration of higher standard of living which also involves inclusion of amenities for the metal well-being of the residents. Thus, in current scenario, introduction of various amenities like clubhouse, sports arenas, theatres, Banquet Halls, swimming pools, recreational areas are must for the developers in their townships. Modern townships in urban areas have now started to include such amenities within their townships as added assistance to sell their property, but the focus is not much on sociocultural front, which is the primary thing in Indian Culture.

PRESENT

SO HOW DO WE UPGRADE THE OLDER TOWNSHIPS TO BE ABREST WITH THE MODERN TIMES? On one hand the modern-day Integrated Townships / Building Complexes are working towards becoming smart places to live with lot of digital integration, at the same time there is a vacuum of upgradation of integrated townships which were constructed before the advent of digital technology progress in our country. Along with integration of digital technology, inclusion of other aspects like platform for the residents to showcase their talents, generation of job opportunities for local people, inclusion of local art and culture, revival of skillsets that prevailed in past and other such aspects which cater to micro population is a need of the hour.

I have been born and brought up in one such integrated township developed by J.K. WHITE CEMENT and L.K. SINGHANIA EDUCATION CENTRE, in the year 1984 in Gotan, a small Village in Rajasthan It was established primarily for housing the employees and their families, which later also included the boarding facilities for the students across country. It is a self-sustained functioning township, but here such aspects as discussed are lacking.

HENCE THIS THESIS AIMS AT INTEGRATING THESE SOCIOCULTURAL PHYSICAL MEETING POINTS IN THIS ALREADY FUNCTIONING INTEGRATED TOWNSHIP.

Fig. 15: J.K.White Cement Gotan, Factory Aerial View Source: The Story of Transformation, J.K. Cement Ltd.

Fig. 16: Township Aerial View Source: The Story of Transformation, J.K. Cement Ltd.

Fig. 17: School Aerial View Source: The Story of Transformation, J.K. Cement Ltd.

CNN World reported “As rates of smartphone addiction rise, so too do the adverse effects on our brains.” A study from South Korea on the brains of teenagers with smartphone addiction demonstrated their susceptibility to “depression, anxiety, insomnia and impulsivity.” The adverse impact of behavioural addiction on our mental and physical health is becoming clearer. JETHRO GOODCHILD, July 9, 2019

Fig. 18: Impact of Technology, and people involvement

3.4 AIM OF RESEARCH The Thesis aims at providing avenue for mental well-being by establishing the importance of physical interaction within a community and integrating the socio-cultural and economic fronts within an already established integrated township.

3.5 OBJECTIVES • • • • • • • • • •

To establish the importance of physical interaction and social connect. To create awareness about the mental well-being within the community. To encourage Community Participation within the township. To provide a platform for the residents that comprehends their talents for socio-economic benefits. To strengthen the bond within the sub informal groups formed within a formal context. To promote cultural Interaction within the residents. To define and increase the use of public spaces. To contribute to the Make in India program by adoption a lost art/skill under C.S.R. Creating job opportunities for the different stakeholders. Integration of Modern digital technology thereby upgrading the township to a smart township

3.6 HYPOTHESIS The project will become a benchmark for the self-sustained, modern day townships, ensuring mental well-being planning within the society in this continuous changing environment, provided the spaces work in accordance with the formally established context, not contradicting its definitions.

3.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 3.7.1 FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY The scope of research can extend to the informal settlements after dealing with formally established settlements, serving as a base methodology model with respect to the context to be developed.

3.7.2 LIMITATIONS • • •

Political aspects of Townships may hamper the proper implementation of program Program being secondary over the Primary function of Township establishment, the complete participation of authorities is required for successful implementation. Participation of residents is required.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE This section deals with formulating the base of the research and providing sufficient evidences to back the research. It also highlights the process undertaken to reach to the desired results in the research. In the later part, certain evidences are provided to justify the need of getting connected and how the lock-down due to pandemic COVID-19 has impacted the interpersonal relationships and had both negative and positive impacts on people

How and Why Early humans became social ?

Evolution of Interpersonal Relationships

Advent of Technology Change in Mode of interaction

Interpersonal Relationships

Current Scenario of Modern Living

Integrated Townships

Case of Lockdown, COVID-19

Negative Impacts

Mental Well-being

Community Living and Its Importance

Major Shift to Digitization

Positive and Negative Impacts

SOCIAL CONNECT

Google Form Survey

Understanding Broad Categories of Interaction

Social Interaction Economic Interaction Cultural Interaction Fig. 19: Review Of literature Chapter Description

4.1 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS HOW AND WHY EARLY HUMANS BECAME SOCIAL

“IT IS NOT THE STRONGEST OF THE SPECIES THAT SURVIVES, NOT THE MOST INTELLIGENT THAT SURVIVES. IT IS THE ONE THAT IS THE MOST ADAPTABLE TO CHANGE.” CHARLES DARWIN Over the years there are various studies that reveal evolution of human beings as social creatures. The most common and well known is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and natural selection. The most basic idea from Darwin’s work was that in order to survive, it was beneficial for the individual to travel in groups. This enabled a large group of people for hunting and gathering as well as gave protection to each other against predator. They figured out that this is the most advantageous way to get food, shelter and water. In order to organise themselves into these groups, development of basic social skills in the form communication through sounds and gestures allowed people to rely on other people, and doing so led to the formation of cohesive groups.

“SOCIALISING DEVELOPED ACROSS THREE STAGES OF HUMANITY; HUNTING/SAVAGERY, BARBARISM/ HERDING AND CIVILISATION.” MONTESQUIEU

(Philosopher lived during 1600 and 1700, also known as Age of Enlightenment)

Hunting and Savagery

Barbarism and Herding

Civilisations

From individuals to hunting in groups

Tight knit groups but still uncivilised

With customs and traditions,, formation of communities which could depend on each other.

In the beginning of the mankind, human beings started off with little to no group. As human beings evolved, the groups became more tight-knit as members of the groups reproduced with one another. Which led into the Barbarism stage, where humans were still uncivilised, yet it was the beginning of development of interpersonal relationships within the group. With these relationships came the customs, rules, traditions which over the years with advancement of technology evolved. The benefit of relating and connecting to other human beings also was shown as different members of the group had different strengths or skills to offer that allowed for the group as a whole to thrive. It was beneficial for each member of the group to learn to get along and developed communication skills to convey their idea. With this development of interpersonal relationships and dependency on each other, also led to the development of complexity of human brain. Brain began to develop the complex skills of conflict resolution. Through such tolerance and acceptance of other human beings, feelings of care and concern also formed. The skill of empathy was developed. Empathy was a huge advancement in the human brain because the reward centres of the human brain became associated with connecting and building relationships. As human beings evolved and neocortex of the brain formed more connections, people literally became wired to socialise and connect. Every behaviour and actions involved another human being, be it for pleasure, security, or quality of life. Civilization evolved as groups of humans adapted their customs to the environment so that their needs could be met and a secure and happy life could be established. Over time, with the growth in the human population, societies developed even more complex ways life that included organized industries, religious institutions, and legal and economic systems. Each of these domains of living were created to create a foundation of security, order, and meaning in life.

Fig. 20: Development of Human Brain, in terms of, EMPATHY, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS and COMMUNICATION SKILLS Source: https://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/wheel_145093

4.2 COMMUNITY LIVING & ITS IMPORTANCE Community can be defined in many ways, but when simplified and emphasized to the most important aspect, it is all about connection. Community is not only about a group of people, it’s a feeling of connection with others. It about feeling accepted and feeling supported. Having such connections can help boosting the mental well-being, and prevent from falling into the trap of loneliness. Community provides many aspects which are critical for mental well-being, for example (Sourced from National Alliance on Mental Illness, NAMI) Belonging The community provides a sense of belongingness, a group one feels a part of. A person is accepted as himself/herself and appreciated for his/her unique qualities. Support Knowing there are people who extend support, help and feel cared, is a satisfactory feeling which is very important for a human mental well-being. Purpose Having purpose, and helping others, gives meaning to life. In a community, people fill different roles. A role of a neighbour, who comes over for with a hot meal when you are alone, a friend who provides emotional support through the struggles of life.

The new part is that people with whom they are sharing homes and lives are not just their spouses or partners. Instead of limited their households to children, parent and grandparents, plenty of people are going a step further, making homes with friends and even strangers. Co-housing, in which a large community lives together and share duties and responsibilities is gaining importance. Apart from this, with walk-work concept gaining prominence in the densely population cities of India,

Integrated Townships are becoming a hit with home buyers.

LIVE.

WALK.

WORK.

Concept. PLAY.

of Integreated Township

Fig. 22: Integrated Township Concept Source: Author

INTEGRATED TOWNSHIPS:

A WIN-WIN FOR BOTH DEVELOPERS AND BUYERS Property decisions are no longer now based on just the size, rather increasingly factors like security, convenience, amenities and maintenance are gaining. This is where the Integrated Townships are playing the crucial role. There is a sense of well-being and security when one lives in a community of like-minded individuals as against a standalone project. Most promoters and developers are today seeing a great demand for higher standards of living with a promise of safety of families. These integrated townships offer community living amongst the residents who are able to avail the recreational amenities together more frequently. Integrated townships are town within a town. These townships are planned and created to be selfsustaining for day to day living. The concept of Live-Work-Play is designed and planned in a manner so that one can walk from home to all essential services, including grocery stores, medical facilities, schools and workplaces. Apart from looking at essential services, the township is also built, catering to the need of all age groups and their convenience, starting from entertainment, malls, sports facilities to open spaces like parks, jogging tracks etc.. The renowned developers, for example Lodha Groups, Raheja Groups etc.. are investing in such integrated township which offers no compromise on lifestyles. These amenities become a unique selling point for them to attract buyers. Amenities are offered under the title of ‘Green Features,’ ‘Social Infrastructure’, and upcoming ‘Smart City Concepts.’ SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 41

4.3 ADVENT OF TECHNOLOGY 4.3.1 CHANGE IN MODE OF INTERACTION Innovation and continuous development in technology have done wonders for the progress and accomplishments made in Business, Science, Medicine and countless other industries across the board. In terms of social connect with one another, it has brought all of us together in the just the click of a button. Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems used by various end users. It also shapes the way societies and people behave, grow and react both within themselves and with others. While technology has developed over the millennia that humans have existed - from simple tools such as the wheel, irrigation systems and chariots, to complex tools such as computers, cell phones, the Internet and airplanes - the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced subtle but crucial changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices (i.e. smartphones, tablet computers, mobile gaming systems, etc..) have radically altered the way people interact with each other, since one of the major impacts of technology is the optimization of communication systems in the form of telecommunications and networking. The changes rather alterations in how humans communicate with each other in the modern times, a large part of it is via smart apps which has both good and bad consequences. It is easier for the people now to stay closer to their loved ones, to be in close contact whenever and wherever on earth. Skype, Facebook, Facetime, WhatsApp, Duo Calls, Messenger, Zoom etc.. offer people robust opportunities to utilise internet as global platform for interaction. The effects are not all positive.

While the technology has helped to bridge the global gap, those who are physically close together are often far apart due to their inability to separate themselves from mobile devices. This is called Virtual Distance.

Fig. 23: Importance of Greeting Card, Physical Interaction outweighs digital interaction, Constant Checker

4.3.2 THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Technology has both eliminated a gap and created one. Virtual Distance is a phenomenon where people are physically together but detached from each other due to being completely absorbed with their smart device, namely laptops or smartphones.

The End of Intimacy Nowadays it is not uncommon for the people who prefer texting over actually physically meeting. Most dominantly it is also not uncommon for the people who are walking together, or even sitting together with head bowed down to their digital devices, without saying a word or noticing the actions of the other person. Thus, human interactions and relationships have largely affected. While the intimacy of human to human interaction have been replaced with human to machine interactions, technology has helped to modify human behaviour.

4.3.3 IMPACT ON MENTAL Well-being

“WHEN WE GET ON SOCIAL MEDIA, WE ARE LOOKING FOR AFFIRMATION, AND CONSCIOUSLY OR NOT, WE ARE COMPARING OUR LIFE TO THE LIVES OF OTHERS, AS A RESULT, WE MAY NOT ENJOY WHAT’S IN THE MOMENT.” SAJU MATHEW,

M.D., a Piedmont primary care physician.

Fig. 24: Technology Impact on mental well-being

In our ever-changing world, the use of technology is continuously expanding. It influences every area of our lives, from our ability to communicate with loved ones to accessing information at our fingertips. Unfortunately, we have also seen a number of negative effects of technology on mental health as well. Increased screen time and use of social media amongst teens and children have been linked to increased prevalence of mental health concerns. It has been linked to depression, loneliness sometimes.

Fig. 25: Graph Showing impact on mental well-being.

In 2017, Przybylski published a large study that collected data on both the time spent using digital devices and the mental well-being of about 120,000 adolescents. The results showed that spending only a few hours a day using digital devices was associated with slightly better well-being than none at all. Only after longer periods was well-being diminished According to Ofcom, the UK regulatory body for telecommunications, 78% of the UK population, and 95% of those aged 16–24, own a smartphone. On average, people check their phones every 12 minutes, and one in five adults spends more than 40 hours per week online. Most of this rise in connectivity has occurred in the past decade, making it one of the fastest change society has experienced. Smartphones, Social media, video games and use of other smart apps which has emerged in recent times, have direct link with impairing memory, attention and reading, and making us less sociable.

When connectivity becomes discconnection

Observation.

As discussed, the technology has bridged the global gaps, it has largely helped to create a larger disconnect amongst people at a micro level. Increased isolation, reduced social interactions and social skills, and increased human to machine interaction are all result of an overuse of technology. When talking about on a global level and supporting the advent of technology, it does have ability. It has greatly improved efficiency in terms of long distanced interpersonal relationships which are personal, in terms of business tasks and thus have given people all over the world of opportunity to engage with each other.

4.4 CASE OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO PANDEMIC COVID-19 4.4.1 MAJOR SHIFT TO DIGITIZATION As per a report released by GOOGLE, how dependence on digital increased during lockdown. Time spend on smartphones in the week 3 of COVID-19 disruption inched towards 4.5 hours per day, online video accounted for more than 70% of India’s total data usage. CRED, a transparent and fully digital platform of highly trusted individuals, brands and individuals, conducted a study on the credit card spends of its members across Delhi, Mumbai & Bangalore. There were basically two insights gathered. The first being purchase decisions driven by health and safety. The second insight indicated a shift to digital means, spends that have been moved online, have surpassed pre-COVID spending levels. Sharp spikes were recorded in online grocery and e-commerce. E-commerce spends surpassed, pre-COVID levels post the lockdown across all the cities. Delhi spends grew to 135%, while Mumbai was at 133% and Bangalore at 124%. In another study conducted by Hannah Llyod Jones, Dsitrict-tech.com, Meditation and Wellness Apps have had a surge in downloads since the outbreak of coronavirus. With in-person social interactions out of window, people have been utilising technology to socialise with their loved ones. In times full of despair and anxieties, the need of interaction

increased manifolds, thus a major shift was seen in usage of social media and communication apps for mental well-being and satisfaction.

‘Houseparty’, a group video chat platform, topped the charts on the app stores in 17 countries. Google’s Duo has received 10 million new sign-ups in just few weeks.

4.4.2 IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 22 March 2020, “...to pay respects to their huge service to the nation during such trying times, all citizens should acknowledge and salute their efforts by standing in the balconies and at the doors of their houses and clap or ring bells for five minutes as a show of appreciation.” April 5, 2020, “...millions of Indians across the country switched off lights at their homes and lit candles, diyas or turned on mobile phone torches Sunday night, responding to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s appeal to show the nation’s “collective resolve and solidarity” in its fight against the coronavirus pandemic.” “You may be alone at home but 130 crore people are with you,” said P.M. Narendra Modi Though very cliché but a classic example of unity in diversity was observed during the pandemic, when the prime minister asked the people to perform certain activities. People participated whole heartedly, was of course a reason to extend their gratitude towards the warriors, but somewhere down the mind, it was also a sense of communication and belongingness which they felt. Distant, yet in-person social connection was observed when people came out of their house to perform the activities. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 45

Fig. 26: People Connecting during lockdown via video calls Source: SeanShot/Getty Images

Humans have evolved to be a social creature and wired to live in interactive groups. Being isolated from the family, friends and colleagues can be unbalancing and traumatic for most people and can result in short or even long term psychological and physical health problems. Recent findings help to elucidate how human interactions are changing in the age of coronavirus. As COVID-19 continued to spread, more and more people stayed at home. This new reality had friends, families and colleagues communicating exclusively online. The problem is that online interactions can make feel disconnected and lonely, as discussed in first part. Though LOCKDOWN had various negative impacts, a most important aspect was realised.

Fig. 27: Articles, indicating, increase in the use of digital platforms for communications

“Microsoft Teams and Google Hangouts Meet both jumped in the rankings. Zoom Cloud Meetings saw large numbers of downloads in the US, UK and across Europe. Zoom was downloaded 14 times more than its 2019 Q4 weekly average in the U.S.; 20 times more in the UK; 22 times more in France; and a staggering 55 times more in Italy. (The higher numbers are in areas that began lockdowns earlier.) During the same period, Hangouts Meet saw 30 times the weekly level of downloads compared to the last quarter of 2019 in the U.S., while Teams saw an 11-fold increase.” App Annie’s Lexi Sydow in the blog post

Fig. 28: Articles indicating, how lockdown brought people closer

After studying the importance of Interaction and its various aspects, it becomes really important to understand the people opinion for the same. Though we studied the importance of personal interaction over digital interaction. Lockdown played a very big role, in making people realise the need to connect and importance of interpersonal relationships. As people felt the uncertain timelines for the length of social isolations, people felt the need of to connect with each other to avoid social isolations. The technology of course broke the geographical barriers and fostered the ability to work and socialize. The technology offered a great support for the need of interactions, otherwise the lockdown might have become a reason of increased mental issues and social isolations.

Based on the above studies, a Google Form Survey was conducted with the intent of understanding impacts of lockdown on the changes in the mode of communication and interactions. In order to understand the drastic shift of interactions, physically to virtually, how it affected the interpersonal relationships, various questions were asked.

SOCIAL CONNECT

A GOOGLE FORM SURVEY SUMMARY

WHAT DID YOU MISS THE MOST IN LOCKDOWN ?

Intent of this survey is to understand the impact of lock-down on Human to Human relationship.

TOTAL RESPONSES RECORDED : 247

Fig. 29: Images of Google form Survey (Page 47-63)

Observation. GOOD POINTS:

Out of the responses recorded, most of answer consisted of the opinion of sense of belongingness, safety and security, shares amenities, and great opportunities of human interaction. Another point was that was mentioned by various people is approachability, the way people are dependent on each other, people can approach each other as and when needed for the support.

BAD POINTS

Most of the opinions revolved around lack of privacy in the community way of living, freedom, infection spread problems etc.. Another opinion of being judged constantly by the people was also raised by some of the people. 54 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Observation. GOOD POINTS:

Out of the various response, the highlighted ones included, ‘lots of me time’, privacy, enjoyment of all by oneself, and least distraction.

BAD POINTS

The bad points for individual living included, opinions like ‘creeping in of loneliness at times’, getting bored, difficult to find people when help and support is needed, less interaction with people etc.. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 55

Observation. As discussed also in the previous part, a sudden increase was seen in the use of social media platforms specifically the use of video calls. People shifted from rarely using to almost daily using of video calls to connect with their loved ones. This proved the need of social connect and interaction is a must for the people, in this case explained how people shifted to a new means and satisfied their needs.

Observation. The point proved the need of social connect as 82.2% (BLUE) of the opinions stated that they shifted to online means of interaction because of the need of interaction. They could not meet their near and dear ones in-person. Also some people replied by stating that they didn’t felt the need of video calls that much, as they might be living with their loved ones or their were reasons related to work.

Observation. A lot of responses included activities, which actually needed a physical space, or were done while meeting in person, most of them had a new way which the individuals were exploring. Apart from that, responses included, activities related to office work, educations or some kind of other activities which they explored. In the responses of usage of mode interactions, majority of answers about 66%, were interaction though WhatsApp and Video calls SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 59

Observation. When asked about the need of interaction in-person, not much difference was seen in the range of answer pre or post lockdown. The need of personal interaction before lockdown is frequently as recorded. Where as after or during lockdown, the percentage of answers is focussed almost equally upon frequently and very frequently. In the next question, it becomes clear by the opinions of the people that, they are more inclined towards Non-Virtual modes of interaction over Virtual Interaction. This makes clear that how much ever people are involved in using the online means to communicate, at some point of time, there is need to interact with one another in-person, face to face, to make the communication more efficient, and understanding. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 61

Observation. In order to understand various aspects of interpersonal relationships, this question was put up. The intention was to understand people point of view on the various aspects of personal interaction and digital interaction, which is prevailing right now. The responses clearly stated that people are in-terms of emotional quotient and connect, are more inclined towards personal interactions, which is in-person. Though digital interactions have connected us globally, as discussed before, there are some limitations to it.

Observation. ‘A tight hug’, ‘HUGSSSS’, ‘Hug them tight!’ , ‘Can’t Express’, ‘Party’ , ‘Talk’ These are some of the common responses which were recorded from this very open ended question. A hug is a very basic form of sharing feelings, interactions and connects immediately with the person emotionally. The lockdown on one side had larger negative consequences, it has surely brought the people close and made them realise, how important is for a person to CONNECT.

A fun question was added at the end of survey to understand the importance of the role that social media platform played during lockdown, to keep us sane throughout. It helped people to connect seamlessly, entertain via various OTT platforms.

Conclusion.

Technology played a important role in global communication, where Twitter was seen active sharing grievance of the affected people, and help could be delivered. Instagram, Google Duo, Whatsapp, Facebook, Zoom, Google Meet, Netflix, Amazon, Hotstar etc., became part of our daily lives, for us to remain socially active, to remain mentally healthy, as it fulfilled the basic need of interactions.

“

...the reason, I believe, is that we all need to feel connected. Study after study reports that as social animals, humans need each other. When I think of my own experiences, it’s amazing how connecting with someone, even briefly, can give me what I need to soldier on. For example, there are times I’ve felt as described above, and have been moping around at home. My phone rings. My impulse is to not answer it, but for some reason I do, and I hear a good friend’s voice on the other end. She’s just calling to say hello. We chat about nothing important for about five minutes, promise to get together soon, and say our good-byes. My spirits have been lifted. I even smile as I remember something my friend and I just joked about. I decide to push myself and I get out of the house to take a walk. Some people smile at me as we pass and I smile back. I compliment a passer-by on her sweater and stop to pet someone’s dog. Byrrive home I am feeling much better than I had been feeling before my phone rang.

”

from the diary of Janet Singer, author of Overcoming OCD: A Journey to Recovery, recovered from OCD and became an advocate of OCD awareness.

We often think of connecting with others as having heart to heart talks, or open about hard to discuss feelings or events, this is certainly connecting, and it is importance for all of us to do at times.

“THE COMMUNAL BENEFITS OF COMING TOGETHER WITH FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES, AND DOING SOMETHING DIFFICULT, WHILE ENCOURAGING ONE ANOTHER, PAYS DIVIDENDS BEYOND EXERCISING ALONE,” DAYNA YORKS,

of the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine.

4.5 UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT MODES OF INTERACTION 4.5.1 SOCIAL INTERACTION As continuously discussed above different aspects and need of integration, social interactions are one of the important types of interaction which affect the individual directly. Throughout our lives we have many opportunities, to develop and maintain some kind of relationships. Maintaining relationships becomes very crucial as the person age. Although circumstances and relationships change, it is important that social activities remain in priority in one’s life. Those who enjoy a lifestyle in which they often interact with others benefit substantially. It can potentially reduce many health risks. There are various benefits for mental and physical health, for example • Increased physical health • Positive outlook towards life • Improved mental sharpness • Longer and Happier lives, etc.

6.5 %

8.5 %

16 % Fig. 30: Graphs indicating comparative percentages due to group exercise and solo or no exercise. Source: Medibank Research by Roy Morgan Research

It’s been well documented that exercise is great for your health, but could who you’re exercising with also have an impact? While all kinds of exercise have been shown

to improve mental well-being, the data shows the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress may be lower amongst those engaging in group exercise. Group exercise more effective than individual workouts. Working out in a group can lower stress by 26 percent and improve quality of life, according to researchers at the University of New England.

4.5.2 CULTURAL INTERACTION

Fig. 31: Articles, indicating, proposal of socio-cultural centers

Today, the world is fast becoming a global village, with many countries enjoying a multicultural environment. Understanding different cultures is not only critical, but it also promotes ample coexistence. One person can have diverse cultures such as; family culture, religious culture, age group culture, or work culture. When all these cultures are combined, they give each individual their personal culture. There are various ways that both children and adults can learn about different cultures. COMMUNITY LIVING OFFERS INTERACTION WITH PEOPLE COMING FROM DIVERSE CULTURE Having a one on one interaction with people helps to hear their stories first hand. This way, one learns from each other. UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD BETTER The world comprises of people with diverse cultures. Where possible, being exposed to different cultures helps you embrace and appreciate people that are different from you. CREATES OPPORTUNITY TO MEET NEW PEOPLE AND EXPOSURE TO NEWER EXPERIENCES Children can get exposed through; sampling new foods, participating in different cultural celebrations and listening to stories. Further, engaging in different activities such as art or even learning how to play a new musical instrument. Exposure to new things helps children to explore the world better.

4.5.3 ECONOMIC INTERACTIONS The importance of small business to local communities is emotionally rooted in buying and selling with friends and neighbours. Apart from the social and cultural interactions, economic interactions are also one of major aspects which can promote a sense of well-being. For example, a township established by industrialists has a primary objective of housing its employees. But with employees, their families also become an important part of township. Though the economic need of the family is fulfilled by the head of the family, by working in the industry, the family members may possess some talents which could have an economic value, but it is restricted because of reach to the outside market. By establishing various small-scale home business by homemakers and providing a platform to showcase talents would result in increased economic satisfaction of the family. It will also create an opportunity of interactions between residents of township with the exchange of home-made commodities or food products which they specialise in. It will not only create a healthy micro economic environment, but will also create a platform for learning, sharing of talents which may be restricted to the walls of the house. 68 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Culture Connects was launched by the Mayor of Dublin in 2016 as an anchor of the city’s new cultural strategy. The flagship project of Culture Connects is The National Neighbourhood Project which brings together citizens and community groups, artists, and the city’s eight National Cultural Institutions to co-produce original artworks and performances of relevance to the communities’ interests. Fig. 32: Cultural Connect between people Source: World Cities Cultural Forum

Socio-Culture Centre Rohini Delhi

Reinosa SocioCulture Centre

Socio-Culture Centre Vansant Kunj, New Delhi

Kusumagaraj Smarak Nashik Maharashtra

CASE STUDIES In order to understand, the program, how certain projects have been executed to respond to the community and create identity of the neighbourhood, various case studies were referred. These include various socio-cultural centres , both national and international, which have been proposed by government in-order to promote interaction and cultural heritage.

5.1 SOCIO-CULTURE CENTRE, ROHINI DELHI

Fig. 33: View of Socio-Cultural Centre

Fig. 34: Plan of Socio-Cultural Centre (Not to Scale)

Fig. 35: Site context and description (Not to Scale)

The proposal has come up as a contemporary artistic enclosure that doesn’t just transform its precinct but also the neighbourhood around. It is a physical manifestation of technology along with the cultural aspects of the society in order to project a venue that promotes its culture giving an opportunity to the youth to move ahead with time. The concept revolves around lifting up the user experience by gradually lifting up the public areas which would create layered public spaces from where people can look on to each other and have mutual interactive participation.

Opportunities. • • • •

The need of interaction with art and culture can be explored Exposure to modern cultural aspects. Identitiy for the disctrict centre and and adds value to cultural and social realm. Amalgmation of program with already existing community park. Image Sourced from Mohammad Azhar Khan, worldarchitecture.org

5.2 REINOSA SOCIO-CULTURAL CENTRE

Fig. 36: Side view (Not to Scale)

Fig. 37: Upper plaza

Fig. 38: Transparent screen towards road

Fig.39: Exploded axonometric view

Fig. 40: Flow-chart, Program Distribution

The proposal for the Reinosa ‘Sociocultural Centre’ by Bernardo Alves of S3 Arquitectos combines the history of the city with a sloping urban square. The site is positioned on the ruins of the old municipal market of abastos, originally built in 1882 and destroyed by a fire in 2012, which completely engulfed the former building. A doublelayered structure is designed to once again enable a public meeting and gathering space with a multi-functional program engrained in its layout, behaving as a generator of living experiences. Image Sourced from Bernardo Alves, designboom.com

5.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL CENTRE, VASANT KUNJ, NEW DELHI

Fig. 41: Master Plan (Not to Scale)

Fig. 42: Section : Centre of Performing Arts (Not to Scale)

Designed to be an open-ended venue for the musical performances, exhibition and official parties. This cultural centre act as an extension of public space enhancing the identity and image of the neighbourhood.

Fig. 43: Line diagram of Socio-Culture Centre

5.4 KUSUMAGARAJ SMARAK, NASHK, MAHARASHTRA

Fig. 44: View and Section of space

Designed by Sanjay Patil Architects, as memorial for A celebrated Marathi poet and writer known as ‘Kusumagraj’ to his readers. The design that came into being is located on a sloping piece of land allotted by the corporation to the trust. Since the land was initially earmarked as a public open space, the architect planned earth-sheltered spaces with the roof used as an accessible garden, hence respecting the original use. The canopy and the gradient generated by the steps often serve as a stage, used to conduct debates and discussions on various literary or social issues.

Fig. 45: Plan and cross section (Not to Scale)

• • • • •

Effective use of natural site contours Layers of program, retaining the original use of land allocated An experience of space created The steps and inbuilt seating invites people to sit, interact, enjoy the ambiance The connection of bridges overlooking the street, binds whole program together.

SITE Selection, description, context and climatic data

Study of Spaces

Rajasthan Climate Responsive Architecture

Research Question & Program Formulation

Public Spaces Design (100 Architects)

Program Validation, Google form Survey Summary

6.1 SITE SELECTION Fig. 47: Map of Gotan and its surrounding

GOT AN

Fig. 48: Map of Rajasthan

Developed in the year 1984, a Township under the name of Late JuggiLal Kamlapat Singhania (J.K) and Lala Kamlapat Singhania, was established to house the employees and workers of the factory, first White Cement plant setup by J.K. Cement Ltd. The JK Authorities aimed at an Industrial Development, to change the basics of life support system and economy of Gotan. The main aim for the establishment was to create job opportunities for the villages around, provide educational amenities, improve medical assistance facilities and overall aim at all round development of the Gotan Village. JK Township in 1984 came up as an industrial township which provided employment and decent standard of living. With development of JK White Cement Factory and the township, L.K.S.E.C. School was established to serve the purpose of education for the region, where earlier students used to visit schools 32 km far in Merta City. As the development proceeded over time, the authorities tried to provide better amenities for the residents and to the school students. As the school got converted into a fully functional Residential school and incorporation of boarding facilities happened, the need of amenities and facilities increased, hence a continuous development started to happen within the township. Over the time, with the development of townships, the need of being self-sustained became one of the guiding aspects. Idea of being integrated started to prosper in the minds, as a result a lot of amenities were developed to make the township a fully function integrated township. The walk able streets, walk to work concept, well developed educational and medical facilities, road network, incorporation of green open spaces, in house dairy and food management, Garbage Disposal management, etc. became the key aspects to development the township. It over the time became a township which has countryside living with city level comforts. 76 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

History of Gotan Gotan, in the middle of Rajasthan, is known for its rich heritage and awe-inspiring history. Over 5000 Years ago, Gotan was within the expanse of a sprawling civilisation, being in the vicinity of Kalibangathe third major site of Indus valley civilisation. Gotan had a rich history of social and cultural aspects. It’s the region that produced poet-saints like Meera Bai (Merta, 30km), Sufi Saints like Hamiduddin Chisti (one of the chief disciples of Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti) and Abu’l Fazl, The ‘Grand Vizier’ and the author of Akbarnama at the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar. It was a part of Mauryan Dynasty and Gupta empire. Gotan has always been in between the challenges in the history of this land. In the past half a century, Gotan has been on the brink of droughts and feminine, thus affecting agriculture and life support. About Socio-economic history of Gotan, there were long stretches of barren land, a lone village with no markets, water issues, food scarcity etc.. But with the development of JK townships, Gotan has seen tremendous growth and development as discussed above. Fig. 49 : J.K. WHITE CEMENT TOWNSHIP (SATELITE IMAGE)

6.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA Gotan has been developed over the past decade tremendously, due to the presence of J.K. White Cement Factory. As a result there have been influx of population and people have started to opt of better standards of livings matching the global trends. Along with this as discussed previously also, I have been born and brought up within the same township, and have experienced the need of change over the years. The township being 250 acres in area excluding the factory area, other factors considered for site selection are • • • •

An open land, which belongs to the township The site should be within the community and connected to neighbourhood Site should be accessible from road. Should be in proximity or connected to an existing structure, to amalgamate both programs

Factory Area

6.3 DESCRIPTION OF SITE All the sites are located around the main school building and main axis road which act as landmark for the township. SITE 1: Land near Swimming Pool SITE 2: Land near School Building SITE 3: Land Opposite Site 4 SITE 4: Land near Arts room and School Building

Arts Room School Building

4 Lecture Theatre

2 Dining Mess

Swimming Pool

Fig. 51: Site and context

SITE 1

This plot of land is situated near one of the entrances of the township. It is surrounded by existing swimming pool structure, a hospital and school mess. One side of the site has a road frontage. It is a developed land. Fig. 53: Site Eye Level View

STRENGTHS • Visibility from the road • Proximity to the entrance • Away from hostel and residential area

WEAKNESS • Linear in shape • Small size • Already developed back facade

OPPORTUNITIES • Potential for spill out space • Could be developed as green open space • Entrance feature for the School Campus

THREATS • Underutilised due to presence of swimming pool. • Tree Cover blocking the view from road

Fig. 54: Site 1 and context

Swimming Pool

SITE AREA 4510 SQ. M

SITE 2

This land parcel is situated beside the main school building, and has a road frontage from 2 sides. It is connected visually from 3 sides, 2 being the road frontage and 3rd from the school block. A corner of the plot is currently being as a parking space for the school buses, and rest in a barren developed land, with vegetation on periphery.

Fig. 57: Site Eye Level View

STRENGTHS • Close to Main school Building • Proximity to Main road • Less Vegetation around

WEAKNESS • Smaller in Area • Pre-existing program and element

OPPORTUNITIES • Spill out space • Open space ( as connected to road) • New Landmark (MIG 18)

THREATS • If built, create visual barrier • Give feel of claustrophobia on street

Fig. 58: Site 2 and context

School Building

SITE AREA 6285 SQ. M

SITE 4

The third land parcel, is situated, on behind the second plot of land, and is connected to man school building as well. It is also connected with the school fine arts building and is surrounded by dense vegetation.

Fig. 61: Site Eye Level View

STRENGTHS • Proximity to School Building • Proximity to Arts Room

WEAKNESS • Disconnected from road • Back side of school building • Densely covered with vegetation • • On back edge of the campus

OPPORTUNITIES • Plug-in with school • Indoor space • Connection with front open area

THREATS • Might become dull and negative corner • Misused by school students

Fig.62: Site 4 and context

Arts Room

SITE AREA 3735 SQ. M Lecture Theatre

SITE 3

Opposite to site 4, this land parcel is covered with dense vegetation. It is beside the hostel, accessible from the main road. Fig. 65: Site Eye Level View

STRENGTHS • Covered with dense vegetation • accessible from main road

WEAKNESS • Smaller in Area • Existing wiring and other services being running on the land

OPPORTUNITIES • Space design close to nature • Covered yet open space

THREATS • Close to hostel, might create disturbance • Less visibility from road due to dense vegetation

Fig.66: Site 3 and context

PLAN VIEW

6.4 LOCAL ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT PLANNING

The Township inside is planned both for pedestrian and vehicular access. There are various junctions of Primary roads which connects the whole campus and become the main axis. Thus, it is most of the times used as cycling, walking track by the residents. The campus is divided into various sub localities defined by the designation of employees. Each sub locality is provided with an open green area which also becomes the identity of the localities. It has proper balance of built, unbuilt and green areas.

ARCHITECTURE, TYPOLOGY AND MATERIAL

The housing typologies followed are ground structure row houses. Each individual unit has properly planned, open, semi-open and private spaces. Each house has a road frontage with a small garden in front. No structures are more than ground story. The public building follows the same design schemes, with respect to elevation and spatial features, just the expression changes with respect to time. For example, Use of Double height space and distinct dome over the structure is common throughout the public buildings. In terms of use of materials, there is distinctive use of sandstone and white cement for the wall surfaces. The use of light shades of colour is prominent throughout the township.

2 Bhk Housing Unit

Hostel Entry Porch

Sandstone Cladding

Sandstone cladding with chajja projections

Main School Building

Hostel Entrance with thick pillars

MACRO CONTEXT

The township on north is covered with Gotan market and Residence of the local shop owners. Toward the South and East, it is surrounded by vast agricultural lands owned privately by different villagers. In the west of the township, a primary road runs which connects the township with the Gotan Village and later to the other villages surrounding Gotan. Since it runs on Western perimeter of the township, it is named as J.K. Road and becomes the main spine for the township accessibility. Fig. 68: Local Architectural Contexts

School Entrance

School Building with porches & sloping roof.

School Mess with Window Projections

Hostel Entrance with dome and double height porch

3 BHK Row Housing Unit

School Corridor with arch and sandstone cladded pillars

Lecture Theatre with sandstone cladding

6.4.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION

Demographic Study

Considering the Covid-19 situation, the data collected is as per the information available from last available data sources and as per the knowledge of the author.

13%

Chart Title

FLOATING POPULATION

41%

TOTAL POPULATION

13% 30% 45% 10% 15%

33% Labourers per day

J.K. White Cement Campus

Campus

Floating Population

L.K.S.E.C. Campus

Chart Title AGE CLASSIFICATION

Labourers per day

E Colony Residents

J.K. Grey Township

Day Scholars

L.K.S.E.C. Campus Total Students

Total Students

Floating Population

Chart Title STUDENTS

Chart Title MALE TO FEMALE RATIO

2% 22%

38%

43% 62%

57%

76%

2 to 18 Years 2 to Years 18-1860 Yrs

18- 60 Yrs

60 and above

Female

60 and above

MALE Male

FEMALE

Day Scholars

Boarding Students

Day Scholars

Boarding Students

Fig. 69: Demography Study

‘The township is surrounded by farmlands and local houses of villagers both, a vast difference in terms of socio-economic conditions can be seen. The farms mainly have produced of ‘Sarso, jawar, bajra, rai, jeera etc..’ Villagers working in farms usually sell their produce nearest market which is Gotan market and some sell in Merta which is 30 km from Gotan. Over the years the Gotan market has grown immensely due to presence of J.K. White Cement Factory and with the establishment of Township. This has attracted a lot of shop owners to setup various kinds of shops in vicinity, which is known as Gotan Market. The economic conditions vary drastically within the market and a lot of them are dependent on J.K. for their direct and indirect income. Another group of people who reside in and around the township are the labourers. Since Gotan has a rich limestone presence, apart from J.K. White Cement Gotan, many small scale ‘Chuna Bhatta’ are setup to meet the small-scale needs. Therefore, a large part of population are labourers who are directly or indirectly dependent on these small-scale unit and J.K. White Cement. In terms of other socio-culture features, Gotan has 2 temples, one of which is developed by J.K. Trust and other is maintained by villagers. Facilities like, theatres, sports complexes, and clubs are absent in the context. Where as other small-scale facilities like, playgrounds, community halls, community fair, are readily available. 90 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Day Scholars

6.5 CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Rajasthan lies in hot and dry climate. Rajasthan faces extreme climate throughout the year, experiencing extreme heat and extreme cold. Fig. 70: Climatic Study Source: worldweatheronline.com

TEMPERATURE

Average yearly temperature ranges from 29°C to 39°C. June is the warmest month of the year with, average temperature of 39°C. The lowest temperature occurs in December and January with 18°C. HUMIDITY Average yearly humidity is approx. 34% with average cloud cover of 19%. The maximum humidity can be experienced in August with 58% and lowest in month of April and May with 16-20% humidity. Source: worldweatheronline.com

AVAERAGE RAINFALL

The average annual rainfall in Gotan region is around 44.39 MM. Maximum rainfall is received in month of August. The driest month is the month of January with 0 mm of rain. Source: worldweatheronline.com

AVERAGE UV INDEX

The ultraviolet index, or UV index, is an international standard measurement of the strength of sunburn-producing ultraviolet radiation at a particular place and time. Gotan experience maximum UV Index of scale 10 in the month of May. The lowest is in the month of December with a scale of 4. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 91

STUDY OF

SPACES

Space Characteristics and examples

Fig. 71: Traditional Architecture of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

6.6.1 RAJASTHAN CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

Fig. 72: Study Model of Courtyard, clicked o n-site with reference to light. Source: Author

Courtyard Courtyards becomes the key organisational elements responding to climatic conditions as well as the cultural needs of communities. . Courtyard contributes to its spatial quality beautifully by bringing in a subdued light, creating a peaceful environment.

Fig. 73: Central Courtyard

Traditional Passive homes in hot windy dry climates used enclosed, well shaded courtyards, with small fountain or tree to provide wind protected micro-climate

Fig. 74: Courtyard cool air circulation

Fig. 75: Heavy mass Construction

Vernacular Architecture in Rajasthan used high mass construction with small recessed shaded opening, operable for night ventilation to cool the mass. By minimizing west facing glazing, summer and afternoon heat can be reduced significantly. Fig. 76: West Facade Shading

Sketc.hes Sourced from CLimate Consulatant, Jodhpur EPW files

Planning of Spaces • •

Open plan interiors to promote natural cross ventilation, use of louvred doors, and jump ducts. Long narrow building floor plan that helps in maximize cross ventilation.

Cross Ventilation

Fig. 77: Open Planning of space

Fig. 78: Experiment conducted to see the movement of hot air within a space Source: Author

To facilitate cross ventilation, the doors and window opening are located on opposite sides of building with large opening facing up wind. Also the placing window opening at a higher level for hot air to escape would help in reducing the heat inside the space.

Flat Roof and Light Coloured Surfaces Use of Flat roofs, and light coloured building materials, with high emissivity, helps in reducing the heat gain.

Fig. 79: Flat roof construction with light color material

Sketc.hes Sourced from Climate Consultant, Jodhpur EPW files

Jali Walls, and Screen Porches.

Fig. 80: Study Model of Jali wall, clicked o n-site with reference to light. Source: Author

Screen Porches and patios can provide passive comfort cooling by ventilation in warm weather. Jali walls can be used to prevent direct sunlight and will help in pressurizing air, when passed from small opening. This will create cooler environment inside comparatively. Fig. 81: Screened porches and patios

Control Of Heating By Projections and Texture Of Surfaces Fig. 82: Projections shading the facade

Source: Desert Resort, Mandawa, Rajasthan by Ar. Revathi Kamath

The building façades have large number of projections like jharokhas and chajjas which provide shade to the façades. The front part of the facade which remains exposed are controlled by creating deeply carved patterns. Use of such devices minimizes the heat gain by providing shading due to texture. Such devices also result in increased convective transfer of heat because of increased surface area. In summer in day time when the major heat source is Sun the exposed textured surfaces will be cooler than plain surfaces. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 95

The suspended roof structure of this art gallery gives the impression of a hammock hanging in a forest. The building is surrounded by large camphor trees, which help to define the building’s exterior form. Merging the natural landscape with the internal space’s web-like cut outs from both the roof and floor plate enclose the trees, enhancing the structure’s unusual form. The exterior form blends the outside and inside spaces, while the roof structure acts as a canopy for the interior patio – open on both sides it welcomes people in from the park. Visitors to the gallery will not only appreciate the works on display, they will also experience a restful atmosphere similar to lying on a hammock in the forest. Fig. 83: Forest Hammock Gallery, SEUP Source: Kai Nakamura

FOREST HAMMOCK GALLERY (By Hirokazu Suemitsu + Yoko Suemitsu / SUEP)

Fig.84: Exploded view of the space

Fig.85: Internal Cut-out for tree

Fig. 86: Internal waiting area around tree

Fig. 87: Roof Plan (Not to Scale)

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Con󰈝󰈩󰇸t󰈏o󰈝 󰈡󰇿 s󰇵󰈚i-󰈡󰈦󰇵n 󰈻󰈦ac󰈩󰈻 wi󰉃󰈋 t󰈸󰈩󰇵󰈼 su󰈸󰈹󰈡󰉊n󰇷i󰈞g 󰉃󰈋󰈩 s󰈥󰇽󰇸es

Com󰇼󰈎󰈞󰇽ti󰈡󰈝 󰈢󰇿 en󰇹󰈘󰈡s󰇵󰇷 an󰇷 󰈼󰈩m󰈏-o󰈥󰈩󰈞 s󰈥󰇽󰇸es Image Source: Kai Kakunara Drawing Source: SEUP

Pub󰈗󰈎󰇸 p󰈗󰇽󰉜a 󰈡n 󰇽 󰈸o󰈡󰈃󰈢󰈦 (ov󰈩󰈸󰈘󰈢ok󰈎󰈝󰈈 c󰈢󰈗o󰉉󰈹 s󰈥󰇽󰇸es) mu󰈗󰉄󰈎f󰉊󰈝󰇸ti󰈡󰈝󰇽󰈘 s󰈥a󰇸󰈩s 󰉒󰈏󰉄h va󰈸󰈎󰈢u󰈼 󰈀c󰉃󰈏󰉐it󰈎󰇵󰈻 󰉓it󰈊󰈎󰈞 󰈢ne 󰈻󰈦󰈀c󰇵󰈻

Pla󰉘󰈎󰈞g Spa󰇹󰈩󰈼

s󰈥a󰇸󰈩s 󰇾󰈢󰈹 bo󰉃󰈋 c󰈊i󰈘d󰈸󰈩󰈞 󰇽n󰇷 a󰇶󰉉l󰉃󰈼

Si󰉅󰈎n󰈇 󰈼p󰇽󰇹e󰈼 󰈀n󰇷 󰈦󰈢d󰈻 Fig. 88: Project big bang Source: 100 Architects (Recreated by Author)

PROJECT BIG BANG. (By 100 Architects) • • • •

A creative intervention on a public space rooftop, with the aim of fostering entertainment & social interactions among new visitors, appealing to kids, youngsters& adults. In the epicentre of the explosion emerges a hill of activities, dividing the multi-functional platform in 2 areas. One side of the hill is dedicated to playful activities for the entertainment of the younger visitors, such us slopes, tunnels, climbing surfaces, etc.. The other side of the hill was designed to host small gatherings, events and workshops, not only for kids but for youngsters and adults as well, and therefore it features different types of tribunes and amphitheatres.

Fig. 89: Aerial view of project big bang Source: 100 Architects

Fig. 90: Project Hang out Source: 100 Architects

PROJECT HANG OUT. (By 100 Architects) • • • •

A creative public space intervention designed for one of the main plazas of a new mixed-use complex located in the New Bund. Aim of fostering entertainment & social interactions among new visitors, appealing to kids, youngsters & adults alike. Each of the 6 equilateral triangles is equipped with a different hanging function designed to encourage and foster social interactions among users, such as hanging ball-swings, hammock nets, a hanging picnic, a pipe forest and a hanging lounge. The resulting installation is a very stimulating & Instagram able space for having fun, interacting with others, resting, playing and whiling away for some time in an open area.

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va󰈸󰈎󰈢u󰈼 󰈀c󰉃󰉐󰈏ti󰈩󰈻 󰉊󰈞de󰈸 󰇶󰈎ﬀ󰇵re󰈝󰉄 p󰈡󰇷󰈼, bo󰉃󰈋 f󰈡󰈸 󰇽󰇶ul󰉃󰈼 󰈀n󰇷 󰇸h󰈏󰈗󰇶re󰈝 Fig. 91: Project Hangout Source: 100 Architects (Recreated by Author)

Fig. 93: Project Blue Ribbon Source: 100 Architects (Recreated by Author)

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p󰈗a󰉙 s󰈥󰈀󰇸󰇵s 󰇾o󰈹 c󰈊󰈎󰈘d󰈸󰇵󰈞

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Use 󰈡󰇾 󰈘󰇵ve󰈗󰈼 t󰈡 󰇹󰈹󰇵at󰈩 p󰈗a󰉙f󰉉󰈗 󰈼p󰇽󰇹e󰈼 󰈀n󰇷 󰈼󰇵at󰈎󰈝󰈈s

PROJECT BLUE RIBBON. (By 100 Architects) • • • •

The Blue Ribbon is a creative public space intervention designed to foster interactions among kids and adults in a virtually enclosed space. The installation was intended to generate a meeting point for families within a safe and enclosed area. A space for fun and interaction of kids and adults. Therefore, the circle was selected as the universal symbolic shape of unity, inclusion, wholeness and perfection. It implies the idea of cyclic movement as a perpetual motion. The basic circular shape was bent creating different functional topographical profiles, granting the look of a Ribbon. Those bends create openings for accessing the central space, seating features, amphitheatre, ramps, slopes, etc.. encouraging the gathering and interaction of people.

Fig. 94: Aerial View of Project Source: 100 Architects

PROJECT PIXELLAND. (By 100 Architects) • • •

PIXELAND is a public space beautification comprising a combination of different outdoor facilities in a single space, such as landscape features, playscape features for kids and leisure features for adults. The project is inspired by the digital concept of pixels. While a pixel is the smallest independent sample of an image with its own RGB or CMYK colour information. Surrounded by small pixels of greenery as a border solution to provide privacy and safety confining the playscape, the plaza is also equipped with lounge resting areas, picnic areas with seats & tables, seating box structures to provide shadow, sunken communal benches, sloped lawns to lay down and small amphitheatres for gatherings.

Fig. 97: Aerial View of Project Source: 100 Architects

6.6.4 Impact of Colour on Physical Spaces Fig. 99: Colors Source: pixelperfectdigital.com

Colour has been proven to influence our emotions and behaviour, which in turn impacts on how productive we are and how we behave in a particular space. Not only in the natural environment, but even in the man-made architectural environment, color is an essential element of our world. In the human evolutionary process, color played a role at all times. Color is a sensory perception, and it has consequences that are symbolic, associative, synesthetic, and emotional, like any sensory perception.

Color Psychology In creating the psychological mood or environment that supports the function of a space, the impression of a color and the message it conveys is of the utmost importance.

Warm and Cool Colours The colour spectrum, warm and cold, is divided into two parts. At the red end of the spectrum, warm colours are hues, while cool colours are those on the blue end. Warm colors, generally speaking, inspire feelings of energy, pleasure and teamwork. Warm colours can also help to spur violent behaviour. Cool colors, however, can help create a calm atmosphere and assist in conceiving

Intensity of Colours It is not only the color itself that impacts our behaviour, but how intense it is as well. A world-renowned color psychologist, Angela Wright, has found that a bright color appears to attract people, while a fading, light color provides a soothing and relaxing atmosphere. 106 SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Impact of Various Colours RED Effect:

exciting, stimulating

Positive:

passionate, fervid, active, strong, warm

Negative:

intense, aggressive, raging, fierce, bloody

Character: Red is the most dominant and dynamic color. The eye actually has to adjust focus, since the natural focal point of red lies behind the retina. Consequently red appears closer than it is.

GREEN Effect:

retiring, relaxing

Positive:

tranquil, refreshing, quiet, natural

Negative:

common, tiresome, guilty

Character: Contrary to red, when looking at green the eye focuses exactly on the retina, which makes green the most restful color to the eye. Green can symbolize nature but also mold and sickness.

BLUE Effect:

retiring, relaxing

Positive:

calm, sober, secure, comfortable, noble

Negative:

frightening, depressing, melancholy, cold

Character: Blue appears to be transparent, wet, cool, and relaxing. Opposite to red, blue will decrease a person’s blood pressure and pulse rate.

WHITE Effect:

dis-concerning

Positive:

clean, crisp, bright

Negative:

empty, sterile

Character: There are a lot of psychological and physiological justifications for not using white as a dominant color. SOURCE: The Perception of Color in Architecture (TMD STUDIO LTD Aug 21, 2017 ) SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 107

6.7 Research Question.

6.8 PROGRAM FORMULATION Concept of Interaction – The Indian Way Revisiting Childhood Memories Cultural Aspects of Colony Living Other Social, Leisure and Economic Interactions in Townships

Fig.116: Revisiting Childhood Memories

Revisiting Childhood Memories

Designing Spaces with respect to Games and activities of childhood.

Fig.117: Aspect of Designing spaces

Cultural Aspects of Colony Living

Gotan

Promoting Cultural Activity which has roots in pasts Example of Ramleela, Man dressing up like woman

Designing Spaces for people gathering for various cultural activities. Example of Raw Collaborative events

Other Social, Leisure and Economic Interactions in Townships The Program will be open to all the residents of the township. Since there is proposal of promoting a lot art and skill and generation of job opportunities for the local people, the program will also be open to people from outside occasionally as and when needed.

Community Plantation and Nursery

Bringing Together old and new generations

Story Telling Sessions

Exhibition Spaces

Open Kitchens, Customized Article Shops

Social & Leisure

Spaces for Hammocks, Open, Enclosed Reading Spaces

Healthy Competitions

Open/ Semi-open Gymnasium

Camping Spaces and Star Gazing Area

Interactions

Digitally active and interactive space

Human Scale Playing Platforms

Walk in Cinema Informal Musical sessions

Economic

Cultural Auditorium and amphitheaters

Revival of Lost art of Kathputli making

Street Theatres, Pocket Spaces designs

Wall Paintings, Rangoli and Mandala Platforms

Fig. 100: Program Formulation Chart

In order to understand the needs and opinions of the user, for the first-hand information, a Google form survey was conducted. It was shared amongst the residents of the township, ranging from all age groups. Intent of this survey was, to understand the need of physical activities and personal interaction for the better mental well-being. It was important to understand the opinion of the end user, and get insights from the user itself regarding the type of space and activity they preferred.

Fig. 101: Google form survey Graphs and Images

To make the survey more interesting, program related situations were asked as questions, with visuals. Also, the survey was circulated in two languages (English & Hindi) for people to understand properly.

CAMPING SPACE AND STAR GAZING AREA Overnight camps are a trend of the time now. People take out time from their daily schedule to go for night and day camps to relax and enjoy with their loved ones. Though this type of program needs a dedicated environment, close to nature, an artificial environment can be created for the same, to enjoy within the township. Gotan having a clear sky most of the time, offers a great opportunity for the star watching which can also be clubbed with camping.

Fig. 102: Camping Space

SPACE FOR HAMMOCKS OPEN / SEMI-OPEN LIBRARY A growing body of research suggests that reading for pleasure contributes to well-being. • Reading to see yourself — stories that reflect you and your life, giving you an emotional connection with the characters and situations that are familiar. • Reading to meet others — stories that introduce the world from other perspectives, different voices that encourage you to empathise with others. • Reading to escape — stories that take you away to another place, time, or dimension and give you ‘time out’ from the daily grind. A natural space dedicated to the reading and interacting with the books, would help in enhancing the knowledge as well as create a interaction with the nature, and oneself.

OPEN / SEMI OPEN GYMNASIUM As discussed before, group exercising has advantages over alone exercising. Such program will trigger a social interaction amongst all age groups.

Fig. 104: Group Exercise

COMMUNITY PLANTATION ACTIVITY / NURSERY A step towards making township greener and richer in fauna, group activities of community plantation would help in creating interaction amongst various age groups on a regular basis.

INFORMAL MUSIC SESSIONS Music being a universal healer, people are fond of listening and enjoying music, but sometimes is limited to themselves. Such activities would bond all the music appreciators and create a sense of belonging among themselves. Occasional jam sessions would help in binging out the hidden talent of the people and create a musical atmosphere within the campus.

Fig. 106: Music Jam

WALL PAINTINGS, RANGOLI AND MANDALA PLATFORMS Every individual has some artists within themselves. Such activities will attract the home-makers, children and other group people, occasionally to come together on festivals and enjoy.

Fig. 107: Rangoli and Graffiti

BRINGING TOGETHER YOUNG & OLD GENERATION. Any community consist of all age groups and with the advent of technology, there have been generation of gaps between old and young groups. Various activities that bring different people together from different age groups would help in creating social interaction amongst the community. Activities like Story telling sessions, healthy competitions between groups would help in the same.

Fig. 108: Story telling sessions under the tree

LIFE SIZE PLAYING PLATFORMS. Children are fond of boards games which sometimes restrict them indoors. Spaces that include Life size playing platforms as a replica of board games, would attract children to come outdoors and play. This would generate happiness amongst the children and benefit groups who are not fond of playing any sports. Fig. 109: Life size, chess board

AUDITORIUM (ENCLOSED / SEMI-OPEN) Township organises various cultural programs which needs a performances space. As a result, temporary structures are built to meet the need for the time which adds on to the costs every time. An auditorium would help in accommodating such recurring activities, and would also help in creating cultural interaction amongst people. Occasional cultural activities, including invitational programs from outside, showcasing the culture of the place and state could also be conducted here. Ancillary Programs • Reception • Admin Area • Public Toilets • Eatery / Cafeteria • Back stage and Green room • Projection area, Light and Sound control units • Waiting Area, Drop off and pickup • Parking Area of Stage properties etc.. WALK IN CINEMA Cinema and Theatre is a powerful tool though which people connect themselves the most. Small scale walk-in cinema would help bringing people together, creating their own comfortable spaces to enjoy.

OPEN KITCHEN, CUSTOMISED ARTICLE SHOPS Etc.. A lot of residents and home-makers are fond of making food. Within the community there are people from various backgrounds and culture, which have various food cultures as well. Such space would become a platform for the local residents to share their food culture with other people. During the times occasions and festivals, such spaces can also be used for food fairs. Similarly, a lot of residents have other talents and hobbies which is limited to themselves due to limited access to the city and market. Similar platform can be provided for people to share their talents and sell their handmade customised articles. This would also satisfy their economic needs and encourage small scale economic interactions between people. EXHIBITION SPACES Small scale exhibition spaces would help people showcase their talent, their skills and artwork as and when needed. This program can be clubbed with the school which can be utilised during specific functions and occasions which needs exhibition spaces. People from outside can also be invited to display which will help in the exchange of knowledge and also creates additional capital for the township. STREET THEATRES (POCKET SPACES) Since township has a fully functional residential school, and there are many students studying from round the country. They posses’ talents related to theatres, drama and acting, which is utilised only during specific occasions and cultural programs. Such mini-pockets would help in polishing their talent throughout the year and create interaction between performer and audiences.

DIGITALLY ACTIVE INTERACTIVE SPACES. As discussed in the previous chapters, there is a need to knit digital interactions with the personal physical interactions. A space which is digitally active and offers interaction through digital means in a physical space would attract people to engage and interact.

Fig. 111: Digital Interactive Space

AN OPPORTUNITY: REVIVING A FORM OF ART UNDER C.S.R. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (C.S.R.) A lot of existing formal communities are established various corporate companies for their employees. The main aim of establishing such townships is to enhance the working of the individuals, where all the basic amenities are provided for the healthier lifestyle. Apart from the employees whom they are responsible to, a lot of other stakeholders also exists around the townships whom the company must cater to. As per United Nations Industrial Development Organisations, Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept under which the companies combine social and environmental concerns in their business operations. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental, and social imperatives (“Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach”).

THE DYING ART OF KATHPUTLI

Fig. 112: Kathputli

Rajasthan still does not have a formal institution which hosts artists or students to study the Indian classical art forms. The artist and the art continue to face hardships and are today on the brink of extinction. Originating from the words kath meaning ‘wood’ and ‘putli’ meaning ‘lifeless doll. Kathputli is the art of storytelling with handmade puppets. As one of the oldest puppetry forms in the world, Kathputli has placed India on the world map of handicrafts. The art was started by the Putli Bhat community more than a thousand years ago and has been used in Rajasthani ballads, folk dances and village fairs ever since. Today, there are various organisations, like Rupayan Sansthan and Bhartiya Lok Kala Mandal, working to protect and promote the beautiful craft of Kathputli. Puppetry has always been an intriguing art form sparking interest from audiences of all ages. Envisioning the life sagas of great kings and heroes the traditional art form is extremely popular in rural India. Emerging from the grassroots levels, puppetry in India has its own unique identity depending on its region of origin. Over the years an amalgamation of regional styles of paintings and sculptures are reflected in them making it more holistic. But, sadly, it is a dying art. With other sources of readily available entertainment growing at a rapid pace, puppetry has become less appreciated and less known about. Knowledge about these traditional forms tend to be limited to a small group. SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 121

Revival of dying art of KATHPUTLI and KATHPUTLI MAKING (Under C.S.R) Dedicated spaces can be designed to facilitate the shows of Kathputli occasionally and a workshop space for learning the art of making kathputli. This could attract people from all age groups as it involves various steps, namely wood carving, doll decoration, dress design etc.. Most importantly Kathputli is an art which involves Entertainment, and attracts all age groups.

Fig. 113: Kathputli shows and kathputli making

PARKING FACILITIES With increase in the population and increase in programs, the need of parking increases with time. In the current scenario, the number of privately owned vehicles are increasing.

“ I had a terrible nightmare the other night. Instead of meeting for a quick cup of coffee, my friend and I spent 30 minutes texting back and forth about our day. ....... this doesn’t just apply to our friends; it applies to the world around us. It should come as no surprise that face-to-face interaction is proven by studies to comfort us and provide us with some important sense of well-being, whether it’s with friends or friendly cashiers in the checkout line at your retail stores.” Crazy Beetle

Blogpost: Technology – Destroying the Quality of Human Interaction.

Conclusion.

“FOR GOOD IDEAS AND TRUE INNOVATION, YOU NEED HUMAN INTERACTION, CONFLICT, ARGUMENT AND DEBATE” MARGARET HAFFERNAN

Throughout our lives, the way we learn to interact with others and build relationships has a major impact on not only our social lives, but our physical, mental and emotional health as well. There’s something intangibly real and valuable about talking with someone face to face. This is significant for friends, partners, potential employers, and other recurring people that make up your everyday world. That person becomes an important existing human connection. While technology has allowed us some means of social connection that would have never been possible before, and has allowed us to maintain long-distance friendships that would have otherwise probably fallen by the wayside, the fact remains that it is causing ourselves to spread ourselves too thin, as well as slowly ruining the quality of social interaction that we all need as human beings. Moreover, when the whole world came to a stand still and people had to stay home locked, we realised the real importance of Connection. As per Project for Public Spaces (PPS) The recovery from covid-19 would actually happen from public spaces. “People need a way to go back to work, and the world wants to get out of the house. Parks have been an early beacon of hope during the pandemic; their generous paths and calming greenery have provided people with a psychological safety valve in a time of anxiety. To avoid a resurgence in infection and to recover equitably, cities must think more expansively about how all kinds of outdoor, everyday spaces can fulfill people’s daily needs, and work directly with the communities most affected by the virus and its economic fallout.” PHIL MYRICK, MAY 16 2020, Project for Public Spaces SAKSHAM GARG | SEAT NO. 1659 | B. ARCH | DESIGN DISSERTATION| SEMESTER IX | RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 125

Celebrating Togetherness

Virtual Walk-through

Celebrating Togetherness Through Avenues of Interactions, bringing People Together…

Design Overview Semester X | Rizvi College of Architecture | University of Mumbai

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+9.45M Lvl Training Workshop

Training Workshop

Terrace Level First Floor Level

+6.45M Lvl

Ramp at Back

+4.1 M Lvl

Exhibition Space

+0.45 M Lvl

+0.6 M Lvl

+0.45 M Lvl

Celebrating Togetherness , Through Avenues of Interaction ѷ Ф

'$( / .+*).$1 ) ..

Terrace Floor Passive Cooling and Material Palette

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Auditorium and Promoting Art Interaction, as a plugin to Arts Rooms and Senior School

Site Area: 3735 Sq.M

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Celebrating Togetherness , Through Avenues of Interaction ѷ Ц

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Celebrating Togetherness , Through Avenues of Interaction ѷ Ц

Extension to Art Room

Community Rangoli and Mandala Platforms with retractable roofs.

Key Plan

Entrance Pergola as a Welcoming Gesture

Auditorium Entrance Design with M.S. Pergola and Rammed Earth Feature Wall

Celebrating Togetherness , Through Avenues of Interaction ѷ Ц

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Service Layouts

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About the Author

Saksham Garg

B.Arch | Rizvi College of Architecture

Saksham graduated from Rizvi College of Architecture, Mumbai affiliated to University of Mumbai, in year 2021. He holds a passion of designing comfortable spaces, traveling & exploring new things. Throughout his college life, he has been an active participant of all the college activities and a keen explorer. He likes to travel as a part of his learning and try to gain real field experiences by engaging with various stakeholders that he come across during the process. That is why, he describes Architecture for himself has always been about Collaborations, Interactions and Practicality. He considers Architectural practice as a learning of lifelong experiences. As per his understanding, he describes an Architect as a person, who can affect the lives of people by designing for their comforts. And in today’s scenario it is very important to understand the trend, be sensitive and add value to it. He has have a strong interest in Housing and Institutional Contexts, with public space design challenges. He is inclined towards learning and exploring new methods of designing in this changing environment which speak of its time ahead yet includes the sustainable and traditional form of architecture. Apart from Architecture, he holds his interest in Listening Music, Playing Flute, Photography, Video Editing, 3D Visualizations, Model Making etc.

Connect sm.garg1998@gmail.com linkedin.com/in/saksham-garg-a9036a193/ _sakshamg

Saksham Garg

youtube.com/channel/UCbsgRyX935QGD38v3Zq-xXg

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Early Humans and Community Living •

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•

Carsley, S. (n.d.). How did ancient people communicate? Retrieved from KiwiReport: https://www. kiwireport.com/ancient-people-communicate/

•

Collections, V. (JUNE 8, 2015). Advantages of Integrated Self Sustained Townships. Retrieved from Vatika Collections: https://www.vatikacollections.com/blog/advantages-integrated-self-sustained-townships/

•

Control, M. (n.d.). Integrated townships in India - Today and Tomorrow. Retrieved from Money Control: https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/personal-finance/-1809129.html

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Dileep, P. (5th Jul 2018 ). TS to develop integrated townships. Retrieved from telanganatoday: https://telanganatoday.com/ts-to-develop-integrated-townships

•

Group, L. (18 SEPTEMBER 2020). Codename Golden Sunrise - coveted Lodha lifestyle at an affordable price. Retrieved from Lodha Group: https://www.lodhagroup.in/blogs/living/codename-golden-sunrise-affordable-township

•

https://www.financialexpress.com/. ( May 29, 2020 ). Mixed use developments to see an upsurge; Here’s why. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/: https://www.financialexpress. com/money/integrated-townships-may-remain-a-preferred-choice-of-homebuyers-post-covid-19/1973810/

•

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•

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•

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•

Pennisi, E. (n.d.). How Humans Became Social. Retrieved from Sciencemag: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/11/how-humans-became-social

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Sinha, S. (July 7, 2017). Integrated Township: A win win for both developers and buyers. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/: https://www.financialexpress.com/money/integratedtownships-a-win-win-for-both-developers-and-buyers/753780/

•

STRAUSS, I. E. (SEPTEMBER 26, 2016). The Hot New Millennial Housing Trend Is a Repeat of the Middle Ages. Retrieved from The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/ millennial-housing-communal-living-middle-ages/501467/

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Social Interactions and Mental Well-being •

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Advent of Technology and Case of Lockdown •

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Integrated Townships •

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Case Studies •

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Site Related Data •

Consultant, C. (2020, November). Passive Technologies for Hot and Dry Climate. Gotan, Rajasthan, India.

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Gotan Monthly Climate Averages. (n.d.). Retrieved from worldweatheronline: https://www. worldweatheronline.com/gotan-weather-averages/rajasthan/in.aspx

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Gotan: A story of Transformation. (2018). Gotan: L.K. SInghania Education Centre, Gotan & J.K. White Cement Gotan.

Humans Have developed as a Social animals and Being socially active and living in communities have been their key strengths. My research focused upon how over a period of time, advent of technology has impacted Interpersonal relationships, which is social associations, connections or affiliations negatively as well positively. And The impact is Though technology has allowed to maintain long-distance relationships but the fact remains that it is slowly ruining the quality of social interaction that we all need as human beings at a personal level, for example emergence of Constant checkers, Virtual distance ultimately leading to social isolations in physical world. The Covid-19 Pandemic has made us realize the importance of interaction in a physical space hence, This these was all about an attempt to full fill the need for up gradation in terms of human-to-human interaction and Promote In-personal interactions in physical space which is safe within a township.

“One man interacting creatively with other,can move the world” JOHN W. GARDNER

Research, Design and Written by : Saksham Garg Guided by: Prof. Ajjay Ssharrma A final year Design Dissertation submitted to Rizvi College of Architecture, University of Mumbai, for the year 2020-2021

Celebrating Togetherness - Through Avenues of Interaction, bringing people together

Articles inside

4.3. Advent Of Technology

4.4. Case Of Lock-down Due To Pandemic COVID-19

7. CONCLUSION

1. ABSTRACT

4.2. Community Living And Its Importance

4.5. Understanding Different Modes Of Interactions

6.2. Site Selection Criteria

6.5. Climatic and Environmental Conditions