This is to certify that the Design Dissertation titled
REIMAGING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT is the bona fide work of the student SAKSHI
DHUMAL from Final Year B. Arch of AIKTC School of Architecture and was carried out in college under my guidance.
Sign of the guide:
Name of the guide:
Prof.Prajakta Wadwalkar
Sign of the Dean:
Date: 20 Oct 2022
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this written submission entitled
“REIMAGINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT”
represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media, and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references.
No material other than that cited and listed has been used.
I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offenses in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion, or copying.
I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission.
This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.
Signature of the Student:
Name of the Student: SAKSHI MAHESH DHUMAL
Roll No: 18AR16
Date: Place: AIKTC -SOA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge all the people who played an important role in completing my undergraduate thesis and the crucial and enduring academic years. The thesis is not just the work of the last semester but is putting the learnings of all the prior semesters into this one project and thus, I am thankful to all the people from whom I have learned and was able to come to this stage.
I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my guide Prof. Prajakta Wadwalkar her valuable advice, her time, and her constant support as I worked on this dissertation. She gave me advice, blessings, and guidance that will certainly help me in the term. It is important to mention that this dissertation would not be where it is today without those many discussions. I am also thankful to all the faculties from whom I have gained knowledge in the past 5 years.
I am deeply grateful to my Mother Mrs. Devki Dhumal & My Father Mr.Mahesh Dhumal, and younger brother, and sister for always believing in me, being there for me, being so supportive, and always inspiring me not only during this semester but throughout my life.
Last but not least I would like to thank all my friends who always supported me mentally and emotionally, but specifically, I would like to thank Suraj Parui, Asir kotawdekar, Gaurav Raut, Simran Mulla, Durva Narvekar, Rutwija, Mubassir, Daniel and the whole friend group so-called Nukad gang for being at my back to support at every moment. Moreover, I am thankful to everyone from the 18AR batch who were a part of the journey in the past 5 years who helped me to grow, and with whom I made memories that I would cherish for a lifetime.
Lastly, I am grateful for all the positive and strong energy that conspires me to make it happen, the music that helped me get through the long nights, and my laptop, which is constantly working for me.
Table of Content…
T
What is a learning environment?
Role of cognition
Knowledge-sharing systems in past
The current learning environment ( knowledge sharing theory)
Aim, objective, scope, limitation
How teacher engagement and involvement help in holistic learning for children
Campfires in cyberspace
Relevance of libraries as free public institutions in cities at current times
Libraries evolve to bridge the digital divide
Changing role of city
Exchange of learning environment in an urban setting
Role of open space in cities
Current trends in a learning environment
The unique educational system of Finland
Different types of knowledge sharing seen in the 21st century
Education in the post-pandemic world
National education policy (NEP) 2020 4.
5.
Cdsa (Center For Development Studies & Activities)
Nisha's Play School And Shiksha
Avasara Academy
Anant National University
Urban Library Park
Nandanam Kindergarten
Adult Education Center
Tianjin Binhai Library
Case studies - comparative analysis
7.
Chapter01
Reimagine Learning Environment
1. ABSTRACT
In the current era of rapid technological breakthroughs, expanding socioeconomic gaps, and the need for sustainable quotients, knowledge centers must be re-imagined as social spaces that provide essential knowledge resources to communities and operate as knowledge hubs that aid in self-learning. Understanding the principles of information sharing in terms of its definition, the process of acquiring it, and the changing dynamics throughout time becomes essential in order to design such models. That is based on a variety of elements such as shifting belief systems, political power, methods of knowledge exchange, urbanization, the level of networking enabled by the internet, and evolving technology that adopts evolving technology and its adaptability.
"In times of change, learners inherit the earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists." – (Eric Hoffer)
The relevance of rethinking learning environments and considering education has expanded in the last year as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, in which learning has moved from the physical to the virtual realm. The pandemic has also brought attention to the need for more equal urban and architectural planning, as well as the need to create strong, sustainable livelihoods.
Keywords:
The holistic learning environment, self learning, outdoor learning environments, Essential social spaces.
Introduction
• Concern
• What Is A Learning Environment?
• Role Of Cognition
• Knowledge Sharing System In Past
• The Current Learning Environment ( Knowledge Sharing Theory)
• Aim, Objective, Scope, Limitation
Chapter02
2. INTRODUCTION
Usually when we think about educational spaces, what comes to our minds is the architecture of a school building. Many people associate learning institutions with unique architecture. The quality of education is significantly influenced by physical space. Even a state-of-the-art and elegant educational building, however, is insufficient to evaluate whether a specific facility provides world-class contemporary education. Similar to a school with an abundance of educational technology, a school with great architecture may also employ teaching activities that are completely standard and out of step with the demands of 21st-century education.
Hence, the organization of physical space and building architecture that allows the best use of the attending student potential still poses a challenge for the quality of education. In theory, one might research any place, but the question is whether the outcomes would be consistent everywhere and under all conditions. The way technology and the Internet are currently affecting social life has an impact on how educational spaces are (re)defined and how they can be (re)organized today. The environment and method of social interaction in the classroom have an impact on the entire learning process.
Throughout history, people have learned and gained new talents in a variety of scenarios that were often comparable or typical. Someone would meet someone else and learn something from them. People would pick up new skills right away, wherever learners happened to be. Most of the time, that environment would not include a space bounded by walls or other structures. After all, there were no schools of general education for much of human civilization's history, defined as school buildings or sets of rooms where several students would be taught at the same time, according to a predetermined educational system. Without a doubt, this is a very recent human "invention". Schools also transformed into "manufacturing plants producing graduates," workers needed in the industry, as a result of the needs that industrial society has put in place. Unfortunately, in many, they continue to play such a role in the information society in many circumstances aditional classroom a good environment for learning? Will students learn effectively in any school environment? It is doubtful.
The school consists of places and people, i.e. among other things, relationships we build. The appropriate circumstances are necessary for big things to occur. We've all heard stories about scientists and inventors who had wonderful ideas outside of their offices and laboratories, somewhere else, where they could seek sanctuary in their pursuit of a better environment for thought, work, and inspiration.We should look at schoolsin the same way: does it always have to be a classroom where students are supposed to learn? Perhaps it doesn't, though even a classroom should be divided or organized differently, or perhaps more open? This is not a demand to demolish classroom or school boundaries in need of a different way to organize learning in space, but we should consider whether that area could be enough for student physical growth or else we should provide a better, richer, and more interesting learning environment
It is clear from the history of the country's educational system that it was designed to prepare students for the future while also acknowledging the challenges of daily life.
Our outdated system of education truly had the ability to create a deliberate school system while this education is geared towards academic excellence, it was not supported by a significant quantity of money, foundation, trendsetting technology, and other offices. The educational system needs to be modified so that it emphasizes the development of the body, mind, and soul as well as self-awareness. By incorporating yoga, meditation, and significant connections to one's surroundings and the environment into today's educational system, is likely to bringabout congruence between realism andmysticism. When the young generation creates astrong foundation of information and assimilates social, moral, and common qualities, the general population advances to critical maturity.
The current situation calls for a shift in education toward a more holistic and empowering model. A system emphasizing global spirituality and a research-based approach to learning must be created. Long-term learning and thinking skills, as well as character traits like attitudes, values, and behaviour’s, must all be developed in children and society. Knowledge and skills are the foundations of a prosperous economy, a just society, and a happy life. A platform of gathered books and other printed, graphic, or recorded materials dealing with the field of knowledge is offered by a learned society, research organization, government department, or even an educational institution to harness the power of knowledge, information, and data for the social and economic growth for the future of our country.
A New Education Policy aims to work with an extensive, participatory, and all-encompassing methodology that considers field experiences, observing exploration, partner criticism, as well as examples learned from excellent practices. A more logical approach to education is being used in an ever-evolving manner. The suggested layout will help with feeding the child's ability - periods of mental development as well as friendly and genuine attentiveness. The new building can bring India up to par with the major countries of the globe, assuming execution in accordance with its genuine goal. The NEP 2020 may mark a significant turning point for learning methods. The thing that will really break the 2020 academic strategy's expanded extension for the multidisciplinary approach with computerized learning is compelling and time-bound execution, independence from courses and programs of study, and in this way, the advancement of innovation, industry, and education globally, is paving the way for thorough advancement of the code.
From an architectural perspective, Architecture is style, beauty, material, colors, shape, volume, lines, and subjective liking or disliking. But, when architecture applies its art to approach current problems, that's when it emerges and becomes relevant, more than just a great work of art. This research examines the link between architecture and the public's perspective of the difficulties facing the current educational system. The research's objectives are to create A physical environment where children get a holistic and physical environment with the natural surrounding. The objective of the research is to draw attention to strategies that can be used in learning environments, in addition to education and social work, to reduce stress. In addition to increasing public awareness of the issue, the goal is to emphasize the alternative approaches offered by architecture. also, researching the social aspects of play. These aspects have dramatic impacts on learning and development.
Fig1. Engaging learning environment
CONCERN
One of the earliest civilizations was born in India. The Indian culture, which produced works of literature like the Rig-Veda and Upanishads, was formed by philosophical thought and intellectual inquiry. This demonstrates how old the culture and civilization are, and that people have been interested in reading and writing ever since. In today's globalization and urbanization world, it appears that personalized, individual, and subjective places are emerging. We use the space every day without realizing its impact on our bodies, minds, or emotions. Education play important role in our life. The need to find a sustainable environment that provides quality education is dawning upon the thinkers. Specifically, in a country like India where the education system is highly focused on performance than development. The research is based on the public perception of the current learning environment and the challenges faced by it. It also analyses the public perception of the possibility of integrating the past learning environment of education with the current, using modern techniques.
Nowadays student is unaware of traditional Shiksha or gurukul education, current trends of education in India are based on:
The primary problem of contemporary seating is the failure of certain important things. (i.e SB, CBSC,CICS/IC, CAIE,IB). The typical image that comes to mind when thinking of education or learning is aschool or classroom. Thisis aserious misperception that learning occurs only in certain environments. While the activity of playing can be a catalyst for much richer and more meaningful knowledge. The premise of learning, and the environment in which it takes place present an architectural challenge to re-image. Architecture and smart design can be used to improve learning. Through play and imagination, Reimagine Learning aspires to reimagine learning environments. This dissertation investigates whether creativity and play may be used to create new learning environments.
Fig1(a). Playful learning environment
“Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter.”– Mark Twain
According to mark twain’s philosophy learning has no limits use this philosophy as the key to research so everyone can get knowledge and spread knowledge at any age of their life. So need a platform or environment so each individual can come and learn something new from each other. It is frequently emphasized that space is experienced through spatial manipulation and the articulation of spaces, which establishes the relationship between users and design. There is a need for specific social gathering spaces in today's industrialization and technological age that canalso be referred to as a "home for learners " and serve as a venue for individuals from all backgrounds to gather, relax, socialize and share their knowledge with each other. There are several venues where one may spend his free time and participate in various leisure and recreational activities.
“Over time we lose our relationship with nature, we are forgetting where we come from and what the resources are. We need to re-learn important things in life. What will the children of the future need? What should be your resources? What is fundamental to learning for the world of the future?
2.1. WHAT IS A LEARNING ENVIRONMENT?
The term "learning environment" describes the various settings, situations, and cultural contexts in which students learn. Because children can learn in a number of contexts, such as outside of school andintheoutdoors,the phraseisfrequently used as a more realistic or preferred alternative to the classroom, which has more confined and traditional connotations.
Classification
A learning environment as vast as it is can be classified into four broad categories:
1. Learner-centered:
learning environments center around individual and collective learners and their needs. These environments are focused on how learners learn best. In these environments, learners are in control of the learning process and the content they consume.
2. Knowledge-centered:
learning environments focus on the knowledge that learners acquire through the course materials. Knowledge-centered learning environments have a clear structure for what is expected from learners to achieve certain milestones or accomplish certain tasks.
3. Assessment-centered:
learning environments focus on assessment and feedbacktohelplearnersimprovetheirskillsorachieve a specific goal. Assessment-centered learning environments usually have a clear structure with milestones that help to guide the learner's progress towards achieving their goals.
4. Community-centered:
learning environments are more focused on building a community that works together to achieve tasks. Community-centered learning environments focus more on group interactions, group dynamics, and creating an environment where students help one another to grow in knowledge and character.
Environments for learning are places where people can learn. Physical spaces like classrooms, schools, or workplaces are only a few examples, as are virtual spaces like digital platforms and blended spaces that integrate both physical and digital features.
Relation between meaning ful sounds and cognition:
Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problemsolving. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning. It is this process that leads to knowledge gain (Cherry, 2020)
Basic Cognitive Processes, comprises of sensation, perception, attention and memory, which works together to help us perceive certain things, remember and respond to it.
High or Complex Cognitive Processes, which comprises of intelligence, thought and language, help in problem-solving, reasoning, decision-making, creative thinking, divergent thinking and helps in learning new languages to communicate effectively. (Cherry, 2020)
• Writing
• Speaking
• Hands on creation
A person's selective attention and cognitive function are both influenced by significant and meaningless sounds. Experiments have shownthatthedegreeofmeaningfulnessofthenoiseaffectsselective attention to cognitive tasks performed in learning environments and working surroundings. For the purpose of creating a relaxing acoustic environment, meaningful speech could be covered up by another sound.
"The whole is greater than the sum of the parts."
-Aristotle
Cognition and learning:
Adults and children are both affected by their surroundings; their surroundings have the ability to either help or hinder their cognition process. Children learn holistically when they are given the opportunityto explore and participatein a variety of activities, which facilitates learning in a variety of areas. Learning happens in social and cultural contexts and is both individual and social in nature. As a result, one must ensure that the learning environment provides opportunity for children to engage in independent work as well as meaningful interactions with classmates and adults in the room throughout the day.
Fig2. Environment which engages their consciousness and increases ones ability to focus
Environment that facilitates cognition:
CSCL (computer supported collaborative learning):
According to Vygotsky's Theory of Social Development, language and community are crucial to learning. He held the view that social interactions, where the sociological, cultural, and sense of security engage all the senses and support learning, lead to children developing independently of specific developmental phases.
New Research on Learning R. Keith Sawyer wrote a manual about how to employ modern learning sciences to design effective learning environments.
Computer-supported cooperative learning, or CSCL. It emphasizes the importance of a collaborative learning environment, which includes account ability and learning cues as significant variables that boostlearning,aswellashowmotivationandteamworkimprove the quality of students' learning. quality of students learning.
Fig3. computer supported collaborative learning
Learning methods:
Which depends on the type of learner a person is.
• Auditory
• Visual
• Intrapersonal
• Kinaesthetic
The 8th intelligence :
Traditionally, a child's or adult's intelligence was evaluated using the I. Q test, which could only estimate cognitive or intellectual intelligence. This strategy, meanwhile, was highly constrained and didn't account for the varied capacities of our kids.
A professor at Harvard University by the name of Howard Gardener created the hypothesis of multiple (seven) intelligences, including linguistic, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, etc. He most recently included "naturalist - intellect" as the eighth intelligence. This included the capacity to categorize and distinguish various plant species. Although in the past this skill was common, it has diminished as aresult ofchangesin lifestyle andless contact with the natural world. A child can have several intelligences or all intelligencestovaryingdegrees.CharlesDarwin,Rachel Carson,and Edward Wilson are a few examples. Nature educates children. The bond between man and nature, they emphasized, supported education that promoted harmony, freedom, and self-expression.
The 8th intelligence
Fig4.
Attention restoration theory:
According to ART, exposure to nature is not only delightful but may also assist us increase our focus and ability to concentrate (Ohly, White, Wheeler, Bethel, Ukoumunne, Nikolaou, & Garside, 2016). This hypothesis proposes that nature has the ability to rejuvenate attention after exerting mental energy. It includes citations to more studies that expand on the healing value of nature. It deconstructs the term "nature deficit disorder" and discusses the fundamental human need to be in nature. Being in frequent contact with nature is essential since our affinity for it is innate and deeply entrenched in evolution.
Nature deficit disorder:
The impact of nature-deficit disorder, which is the loss of human connection to their natural surroundings, is stressful. Professor Helen Lockhart, the study's principal investigator, stated that "thesocio-ecologicalcrisistheworldis seeingtoday is due to this breach of connection between humans and nature" She emphasizes in her research how the relationship between humans and nature, as well as nature's potential for healing and stress reduction, are related to spiritual growth. ( Roy Chowdhury, 2022)
Fig5. In-Nature Leadership Development Adventures (2018)
Fig6. Nature Can Improve Academic Outcomes (Sharon BrodinFounder & Publisher of Twin Cities Outdoors at Brodin Press LLCSharon loves to hike, 2022)
Nature & Cognition:
This is further related to other research and evidence that emphasizes the connection between individual and societal cognitive development and nature. Humans gain from nature in terms of their physical health, cognitive function, and psychological well-being. This study orchestrates potential future research on building habitats that encourage relationships between people and nature in a world that is rapidly urbanizing and provides conclusive data indicating sustainable attitudes developed among children who grow up innaturalenvironments, especially in urban regions. This study was significant because it showed how deliberate interactions with nature encourage sustainable behaviour and emphasized the potential long-term impacts of early experiences with biodiversity and nature on sustainability. (Tilly, 2019)
Summation:
An environment that facilitates learning has these elements in common
• Security
• Cultural environment
• Social interaction
• Engages all the senses
• Nature
Fig7. Venn diagram representing interlinks between environment psychology and mental wellness (Bates & Bates, 2015)
2.3. KNOWLEDGE SHARING SYSTEMS OF THE PAST
To understand what environment would be required to enable and encourage learning in the present and future, changes in the process of information transfer were traced back thousands of years. To determine what it was depending on and the scope of its influence. For the longest time, knowledge was localized, accessible only to those deemed worthy or those who could afford to become a part of the rigorous system.
Fig8: Graphical representation of knowledge sharing throughout history
Thesehistoricaleducationalinstitutionswereactualizedrepresentationsoftheirworldviews.WhereInformation imparted the knowledge they held in their hands as well as the honorable group of people who were granted access to it.
This statement is backed by inferences taken from the studies mentioned in the following pages.
"The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence."
-Tagore
Fig8: Graphical representation of knowledge sharing throughout history
UNIVERSITIES OF ANCIENT INDIA
Served as a venue for holistic learning and information sharing in natural settings where the shishyas (students) lived in brotherhood, humanity, love, and discipline. Being surrounded by nature while they lived andlearnednotonlyhelpedthem learn new things and expand their knowledge, but it also made them more aware of the environment. Early Indian learning environments, or "Gurukuls," were knowledge primary sources in the form of outdoor classrooms.
The teaching and learning processes of Gurukul mainly rely on oral traditions. Memorization was revered and used to preserve their confidence in religious texts. It was situated on the outside ofthe city.Onlyuppercast members who were regarded as truthtellers were permitted in Gurukul. It wasn't until 500 BC that the responsibility to teach the remaining twocategories,otherthanshudras,fell on the shoulders of Brahmin scholars as well. Only royal women, who for security reasons didn't travel to the forest, had access to home tuition in the feudal society.
To teach and test the shishyas, communication, oral repetition, discussion, debate, learning by doing, debate, PSA, flexible teaching and learning hours were used.
Despite the fact that information was largely localized and higher quality education was limited to wealthy members of society. Its longevity, holistic approach, high quality of knowledge resources, and skill training create a replicable paradigm.
Library of Alexandria
Fortressestablishedonthehillsof Alexandria collected the knowledge garnered by the blessed wisdom of a few and welcomed all scholars who had something to give to the collection of scrolls rich with knowledge. The area shown above speaks tothe conversations these academics must have had. displays cabinets filled to the brim with scrolls being arranged by older librarians. Where knowledge sharing seems to have occurred through dialogues,
writingthingsdown,watching, and experimenting. The Library of Alexandria's most famousgoalwastohouseallof the world's information under one roof. It was located in the center of the island city, where all of the city's major arteries met, and because it was a port city, it was accessible to any number of academics who came to the port bringing scrolls loaded with research from their own region.
Fig9: Gurukul
Fig10: Library of Alexandria
Forest universities
were welcomed to stay and study under the king's patronage. It was only open to individuals considered worthy by the royals. The library was a symbol of their political authority since knowledge is a potential source of power housing all of the world's knowledge was their power move. In Alexandria, the written word was highly valued. It contained classrooms, lecture halls, gardens, and archives with scrolls collected from various contexts. Here, knowledge was shared through debates, experiments, conversations, reading, and writing. In Alexandria, people worshiped an unidentified deity and believed that genius was a gift from this power. As a result, they constructed Alexandria's library on a hilltop, in the middle of the city. standing as a menacing representation of authority.
Even if this institution has its own set of restrictionsandshortcomings,itsambition ofbeingaone-stopshopforall knowledge in the globe continues to expand, allowing for conversations, expectations, and piqued curiosity in minds. Later on in the design program, this component of the librarymightbecontinuedandmadesense of.
Famous ancient universities in India
Taxila was knownthemostrecognizedseat of higher learning and education in India from 700 B.C. to 300 A.D. (Chakravorty, 1954).The university library at Taxila University was crucial to both teaching and learning. The tests were also unusual in that a text on the student's area of study was punctured with a needle (Shalaka), and he was then askedtoexplainthesignificanceofthelast page.Thestudents improved their overall mastery of the subject they were assessed on in this fashion. Students' superior performance in a debate distinguished them as outstanding members of society.
In 6th century universities like Nalanda
having global reach that taught various subjects and had separate space for teaching and learning of several of them to temple schools, ashrams and pathshalas which together worked towards creating learned individuals who could play there part in the society. Even though knowledge was highly localised and higher quality of education was
Fig 12: Taxila (Famous ancient universities in India)
Fig 13: Nalanda University
Fig 11: Burning Library of Alexandria
Reimagine Learning Environment
Abbasid library
This specific artwork beautifully captures the kind of committed, close-knit knowledge exchange that occurred in the Abbasid libraries.
Where the students formed a circle around the more knowing person, lining up one after the other primarily gathered to read, study, and practice their scriptures.whereproper pronunciation,recitation,and grammar usage were valued.
18th century British public school model (Industrial era schools)
Bringing in like-minded people to feed their labor force, similar to how laborers are lined up in factories to mass create things. Students in these schools lined up one after another to acquire fundamental math, language, and science from the more experienced teacher. Whereas in these school systems, knowledge was localized.
Fig 15: 18th-century British public school model (Industrial era schools)
Fig 14: Scholars at an Abbasid library. Maqamat of Al-Hariri Illustration by Yahya al-Wasiti, 1237
Fig 15: 18th century British public school model (Industrial era schools)
The history of knowledge sharing systems demonstrates certain similarities and differences between each of those systems.
Sharing knowledge or skills was essential for a civilization to exist for hundreds of years. Knowledge monopoly made it unavailable to all, despised and challenged by many.
While methods of sharing knowledge or skill have evolved over time. When creating knowledge-sharing settings, some fundamentals could be kept in mind.
Due to the internet, knowledge exchange is no longer restricted to one area, although there are still challenges like the digital divide and social isolation.
Library legislations and the changes that it bought to India
Libraries have played a significant role in India's knowledge-sharing environment. Be it the Nalanda academic library, which were well-stocked and housed in multi-story structures with natural lighting. University libraries were generally governed by the British in the post-independence era, the Saraswati Mahal Library served the royals while being inaccessible to the general people, and Syajirao Gaikwad, the founder of the library movement, commissioned the construction of a network of libraries in Boroda (as he deeply understood the value of libraries in educating the city as a whole ). Moving on to the postindependence era, when the adoption of specific library acts gave cities the motivation to create their own libraries which, in some cases, became the cause of the cities' neglect we now find ourselves in the postindependence era.
Inference:
This adds to the study base that has been compiled and constructed in order to understand the history of knowledge sharing. Thisstudy suggests the necessityfor a knowledge sharingmodel that fulfillsthe educational needs of the public by being a part of a bigger network, such as the Baroda library network.
Fig 16: strategy to establish a knowledge sharing model
2.4. THE CURRENT LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ( KNOWLEDGE SHARING THEORY)
Knowledgesharingistheact ofexchanginginformation,skills,orexpertiseamongindividuals,groupsofpeople (like friends or colleagues), families, communities (like Wikipedia), or inside or across organizations.
In ancient India, to a centralized education system where information was more concentrated in many regions of the world, but with the advent of the internet, it has become easier to access knowledge sources just about anywhere. The Internet had also created new networks of illegal knowledge-sharing techniques. Thus, knowledge sharing can be classified into two categories:
Formally exchanging knowledge
Informal exchange of knowledge
In formal knowledge sharing, public institutions like schools, libraries, and other places are included. While mass media and the internet are used for informal knowledge sharing to mediate and share information. We may further assess the benefits and cons of these typologies by looking at specific knowledge-sharing typologies.
Types of formal knowledge sharing
Homeschooling
Homeschooling allows kids to learn at their own pace, protects them from the social pressures of public education systems, encourages much more focused learning, and gives them time to participate in extracurricular activities that might otherwise be prohibited by the rigid curricula of schools. Additionally, it makes children feel more uneasy in social situations and puts a lot of pressure on parents to assume entire responsibility for teaching even if in certain cases they may not be competent to do so. Additionally, learning alone and without a discussion, the partner will tend to make one intolerant and make it difficult for them to understand that others may have different philosophies and ideas, which will make them feel even more worried and alone.
Fig 17: Tree representing knowledge sharing through various modes.
Fig 18: Home schooling.
Connect-ED
The U.S. Department of Education recently approved a proposal called MOOCs (Massively OnlineOpenCourses),whichisbothcost-effective and increases access to and management of higher education. It also provides examples of schools where learning occurs remotely, making participation mandatory through the use of proprietary software. Where teachers do more inspiring than educating is in settings such as lecture halls, labs, and buildings Such a waste. The model is not affordable or available to everyone, which is a serious drawback.
Needless to say, such long-term, non-social learning will be deemed to be more dangerous than not, although social seclusion will have its own problems.
School libraries
There is a need for adaptable classroom extensions that not only support changing pedagogies while embracing ever-changing technology but also provide impetus to the learning process itself. Where the role of libraries is that of a location that encourages collaboration and intellectual inquiry across disciplines, the distinction between whom the physical space should serve is blurred.
A lifelong learning resource.
Shamichael Hallmanrecognizeslibrariesasatool to bridge the socio-economic divide, restore trust, and overcome social isolation in his talk "Reimagining the Public Library to Reconnect the Community."
INFERENCE
To effectively share knowledge, they must be truly friendly to everybody, providing a space for everyone to gather, and bringing in more creative cooperative relationships and opportunities.
representation of formal and informal ways of knowledge sharing and learning environment
CONNECT-ED
Home schooling
Fig 19:Graphical
AIM-
To bridge the gap between the past and present learning environment
OBJECTIVE-
To merge value-based education along with the conventional style of education
Understanding past knowledge-sharing systems.
Understanding the learning needs.
Understanding the nep 2020 program
SCOPE-
The scope of this research is create inspirational spaces that inspire learning and are not merely pragmatic
Allow citizens of a modern diverse society to embark on their own unique intellectual path, either individually or collectively.
Enabling the building of a self-sustainable knowledge-sharing community.
Building systems can grow and can be replicated the basic need of future generations.
LIMITATION
The research will focus on a holistic learning Environment
The of research is limited to an urban area.
Methodology…
Chapter03
METHODOLOGY
Literature Review: 01
• How teacher engagement and involvement help in a holistic learning for children
• The unique educational system of Finland
• Campfires in cyberspace
• Relevance of libraries as free public institutions in cities at current times
• Libraries evolve to bridge the digital divide
• Exchange of learning environment in an urban setting
• Changing role of the city
• Role of open space in cities
• Current trends in a learning environment
• Different types of knowledge sharing seen in the 21st century
• Education in the post-pandemic world
• National education policy (NEP) 2020
Chapter04
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE -01
4.1. HOW TEACHER ENGAGEMENT AND INVOLVEMENT HELP IN HOLISTIC LEARNING FOR CHILDREN
Holistic learning is an extensive approach to teaching, where teachers seek to manage the emotional, social, ethical, and academic needs of students in a coherent learning format. Importance is placed on a positive atmosphere in schools and providing academic and nonacademic supporttostudents.Studentsaretaught to contemplate their actions and how they impact their community- globally and locally, and how to learn from the community around them. Teachers often engage students in assignments that apply critical-thinking skills toward solving real-world problems.
History of Holistic Learning?
In the 1980s, a brand-new movement known as holistic learning was born in opposition to the then-current, mechanistic learning model. However, it is thought that the idea of educating based on aperson's entire experience has roots in antiquity, including ideas from Greek and native indigenous cultures, and has become more significant over the past century. The20thcenturysawavarietyofwhole-person education-based strategies.
Methods of Holistic Learning
The goal of holistic learning is to cultivate a developing child’s physical, emotional, moral, psychological, and spiritual attributes. It provides opportunities that are personalized to a child’s skills and feelings. Lessons are conducted in a safe, supportive environment that allows students to recognize their individual strengths.
What are the benefits of Holistic Learning?
Holistic learning is based on a philosophy that brings a number of benefits to students, teachers, schools, and communities.
Here are 3 benefits of Holistic learning
Improved Academic Achievement: Holistic education can improve the academics of students regardless of background by catering to each students learning style and providing a supportive educational environment. When a pupil feels secure physically, emotionally, and relationally with the teacher, their brain capacity increases. (Santhosh, How teacher engagement and involvement help in Holistic Learning for Children 2022)
Source- Santhosh, S. (2022, September 18). How-teacher-engagement-and-involvement-help-in-holisticlearning-for-children. Times of India.
Fig20- Holistic learning environment
4.2. UNIQUE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF FINLAND
Fig21- : Comparison of Finland and the united states
Finland, a country that was not colonized by the British like so many other countries across the world, implemented several principles that led to Finland having the best education system in the world. The shortest school days, flexible learning schedules, and freedom to play and learn whenever they want to give children the freedom to engage in whatever activity they desire. making homework and standardized tests obsolete is the most crucial step. Schools prepare students to think critically, interact with others, and contribute to society in a positive way.
Finland, a country that was not colonized by the British like so many other countries across the world, implemented several principles that led to Finland having the best education system in the world.The shortest school days, flexible learning schedules, and freedom to play and learn whenever they want to give children the freedom to engage in whatever activity they desire. making homework and standardized tests obsolete is the most crucial step.Schools prepare students tothinkcritically,interact withothers,andcontributetosociety in a positive way.
Source-Jackson, A. (2015, April 3). 4 ways finland beats america on education. Business Insider. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from
LITERATURE
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4.3. CAMPFIRES IN CYBERSPACE
The environment has an impact on how people learn and how well they retain knowledge. David D. Thornburg, an American researcher and futurist, and the author of "Campfires in Cyberspaces," a well-known book in the Anglo-Saxon world2, offered an intriguing point of view in 1999 (and later developed). Thornburg was motivatedbytechnologyadvancement tothinkcarefully about instructional space. Given that it was likely that we would be surrounded by new technologies on a daily basis, he began to consider what the future school may look like and what principles it should be built upon. Thornburg came to the conclusion that, even in a world saturated in technology, there are some fundamental metaphors of space that should coexist in order for us to learn; he asserted that this world would still include symbolic campfires (hence the term "symbolic campfires").
Based on anthropological research (including the writings of Gregory Bateson) and his considerations of the fundamental learning processes, he recommended that educational spaces be set up so that a given community of students has the opportunity to coexist with others in a variety of educational contexts. He gave examples of three of these scenarios, which were afterward expanded upon by two more:
Source-Emily.fintelman, /. (2016, July 18). Campfires in cyberspace: Creating classroom spaces for learners. Mrs Fintelman Teaches. Retrieved October 17, 2022
Campfires In Cyberspace
Fig22 (a)- book of Campfires in cyberspace
Fig22(b)- The fundamental learning processes
4.4. RELEVANCE OF LIBRARIES AS FREE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN CITIES AT CURRENT TIMES.
Knowledgeis aresourcethat willalwaysexist insomeform; it can never be entirely destroyed. Whether it is used or not depends on itsscope, people's curiosity,and the belief systems associated with it. Since the methods for knowledge sharing were intimately correlated with the knowledge at hand, the audience it served, and the organizations that promoted knowledge sharing were a reflection of deeply ingrained belief systems.
In order to address criticisms that libraries are expensive and unnecessary,"Originofeverything" walksusthroughtheevolving function and significance of libraries to assist us to determine whether or not we still require them. library as companies where wealthy members of society can pool their money and fund their own libraries, where subscribed members can borrow books, read them, and return them as noted. serving as political strongholds and preserving sacred knowledge for early cities. spreading religious and scholarly knowledge in the middle ages.
In order to accommodate the various forms and shapes that information storage has assumed over time, libraries have evolved in their social roles. As libraries became more widely accessible in the 19th century and began to meet everyone's educational needs, theybecameanintegral partofsociety.Despitethis,theywerestill weakened by the social divisions that were then developing and frequently failed to assist the society's most vulnerable members, while in other places many institutions and libraries were destroyed by fire.
Although libraries have seen a range of highs and lows, their purpose and significance have changed. It is still undisputed that libraries are more than just physical structures where books are kept; they are also vitally important public spaces that provide for the needs of the general public without charge, whether it be by meeting the educational needs of a community, providing clean, safe, and accessible spaces for the most vulnerable members of society, providing social services by librarians, helping children with their homework, or serving as gathering places for the elderly. In order to meet user needs, libraries have made adjustments.
Fig23-America's first bookmobile
Fig24-America's first bookmobile
4.5. LIBRARIES EVOLVE TO BRIDGE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Libraries have been venues where people may access information, learn more, and preserve significant historical data for the majority of recorded history. Towers of scrolls authored by the greatest authors of the time might be found in ancient libraries, such as the one established in Alexandria in the third century BCE. Every ship that entered Alexandria's harbor was directed to look for scrolls to duplicate for their expanding library's shelves.
Al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco, the oldest library still in operation, has been open continuously since 859. After the printing press was created in the 15th century, information started to reach even more individuals. Libraries served as a major gathering place for intellectualsandscholarsduringthe period when there was little recorded knowledge.
The difference between people who haveaccesstotheinternet andthose who do not is the classic definition of the digital divide.
Fig25-Statistics establishing a relationship between income levels,status of urbanity race and age with Internet access in United States.
The skills gap across generations is more obvious. Older adults who lived much of their lives without the internet lacked the knowledge and abilities necessary to access and utilize it.
Source- University of Denver. (2020, September 8). Libraries evolve to Bridge Digital Divide. EDU. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://morgridgeonline.du.edu/blog/librariesbridge-digital-divide/
Reimagine Learning Environment
ROLE OF LIBRARY
Giving the Seattle Public Library is an example, which offers wifi hotspots to the general public in addition to lending books and providing all of its other services. The article sheds light on the potential for libraries to serve the dwindling middle class and the rising number of truly impoverished people.
Fig26-Percent of library visitors using a computer versus library visits per 100,000 people.
The need for public institutions of all kinds that will give everyone a safe and quiet environment for learning, as well as stable Internet connection and other amenities that can bridge the digital divide, is emphasized by this.
Source- University of Denver. (2020, September 8). Libraries evolve to Bridge Digital Divide. EDU. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://morgridgeonline.du.edu/blog/librariesbridge-digital-divide/
4.6. EXCHANGE OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN AN URBAN SETTING
Fig27-Urbanisation rate
Additionally, it has led to income and opportunity gaps between urban and rural areas as well as between socioeconomic groups in cities, where socioeconomic split, gender disparity, and digital divide have also affected the education sector. In the post-covid world, inculcated structural inequities in metropolitan regions are rising up more than ever.
Urbanization has been influenced by important factors, including education. People have long moved to metropolitan regions in search of better job opportunities and educational opportunities. where hardly anyone got the life of their dreams. Most individuals have been left in a state of distress because of the amount of money it will cost them to earn a degree, even if the degrees themselves are frequently insufficient to guarantee them jobs and a better standard of living.
Due to the deep-seated structural imbalances caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, including the socioeconomic divide, gender discrepancy, and digital divide, Indian education cannot move online. The statistics mentioned on the following page serve to underline this even further. In certain cities, the degree of division is greater than in others.
In Delhi, there are 35% of households with access to a computer, compared to 23.5% in Kerala and 4.6% in Bihar. If one examines the statistics of consistent internet connectivity, the difference is more obvious.
Cities have clearly been pivots on which knowledge transfer and the spread of new ideas and technologies have occurred throughout history. It is not surprising that the world's most urbanized nations frequently have the highest levels of wealth and human development. Rapid urbanization has the potential to enhance societal welfare if managed properly. Nevertheless, it continues to pose a number of difficulties for human growth. When cities' competitiveness and economic potential are hampered by bad urban infrastructures, such as unstable electricity systems, congested roads and inadequate public transportation, inefficient ports, and inadequate schools.
Fig28-Internet access to people living in urban and rural areas
More than 40% of homes have internet connectivity in states like Delhi, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Uttarakhand. For Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal, the percentage is less than 20%. In addition to this lack of digital infrastructure in Assam, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh and the numerous problems that arise during learning over coverage due to space constraints in Indian urban families with one dwelling room, which accounts for 37% of the population Many people would consider it a luxury to attend lectures in a quiet setting and have one.
Source-Population trends in India: Business trends in India. Amritt, Inc. (2015, August 14). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://amritt.com/services/global-marketing-strategy/business-trends-inindia/population-trends/
4.7. CHANGING ROLE OF THE CITY
Knowledge-based Development: Policy and Planning Implications for Cities
Information and knowledge differ in that information is a thing that is easily copied, traded, and widely disseminated, whereas knowledge is a characteristic that exists only in the mind and cannot be transmitted. Knowledge-based tasks demand judgment and make use of a variety of sorts of knowledge, some formal, theoretical, and precocious in nature and others informal, practical, and practical. As a result, it is necessary to improve human and organizational capacities as well as to create settings that promote innovation, learning, creativity, and change.
Knowledge-based Development lists the following as some of its main points: Implications for Cities in Policy and Planning
1. There is a need for independent knowledge centers that support high-level group learning. These centers should be professionally run, open and transparent, neutral and small, and they should encourage practical and interpersonal learning rather than theoretical or academic learning.
should have access to a broad spectrum of research and expertise from professionals, associations, and businesses as well as from traditional academic areas.
2. Incorporating other knowledge cultures into the learning environment.
This is an illustration of an interconnected learning environment where people, information, and technology are all constantly changing and teaching each other new things.
Source- Knight, R. V. (1995). Knowledge-based Development: Policy and Planning Implications for Cities. Urban Studies, 32(2), 225–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989550013068
Fig29-
4.8. ROLE OF OPEN SPACE IN CITIES
There is a need for open spaces in cities because these public areas not only provide spaces accessible to all but also inspire community renewal.
By empowering local communities, enhancing the quality of life, creating a forum for the exchange of ideas, and assuring environmental sustainability, tailored solutions for every city can guarantee its economic vitality.
These nodes within a network may include physical locations and customized programs that strive to develop knowledge-sharing systems that are appropriate for urban areas and to produce the necessary open spaces for the city.
Fig31-Decrease in percentage of green space between 2001 & 2011
In a metropolis like Mumbai, city planners must create the conditions for social activities like enticing public engagement, optional activities like appreciating a view, and necessary activities like strolling. Public institutions considerably strengthen and reinforce social, cultural, and community objectives while also enticing public interaction.
Historically, public facilities such as libraries, cultural centers, theatres, planned squares and chowks, and so on have sparked significant movements, demonstrations, and new ways of thinking. In the present and the future, it is essential to establish public
institutions to contribute to and improve the lives of all city residents as well as promote more public participation and knowledge for human development.This is especially important in poorer nations where it might be challenging to identify the deterioration of knowledge resources.Public spaces provide opportunities to incorporate psychological and intellectual development into an all-encompassing physical plan while giving the concept of the public realm reality.
Source-Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar / TNN / Updated: Jan 16, 2020. (n.d.). Mumbai lost 23% of green cover in Millennium's first decade: Mumbai News - Times of India. The Times of India. Retrieved sep 9, 2022, from
Fig30-Mumbai lost 23% of green cover in Millennium’s first decade
4.9. CURRENT TRENDS IN THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
There is a need for new environmentbased models for education and community in the age of biodiversity collapse, the climate emergency, and nature deficit disorder - models that contribute to the creation of a kinder planet for the future generations of all species.
Additionally, a study on naturalizing outdoor learning environments in schools found that students who have access to a variety of natural settings on the school grounds are more active, conscious of the nutritional worth of food, and creative.
The incorporation of nature into the built environment encourages placebased connections to the local geography and ecology, which over time become a part of our culture. By paying attention to nature's patterns and processes, we may relate to and comprehend our own biological changes as well as social interactions. Even brief encounters with nature have the potential to make an impression that lasts. Place attachment and builtenvironment value are further increased by the incorporation of vegetation, vistas of the outside sky and landscape, and exposure to living things.
Libraries that cultivate pro-environmental attitudes in children can be established by designing or redesigning libraries with the natural world in mind, which would create a friendlier world for learning that, rather than constraining the kids in any way, portrays an image of a nature-rich world that children thrive in the world left behind by their forebears, which is better than their own.
Source- Outdoor learning: A message from Supt. elder. Albuquerque Public Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved July 4, 2022, from https://www.aps.edu/aboutus/administration/superintendent/superintendents-news/outdoor-learning-a-message-fromsupt-elder
Fig32-Nature and learning environment
Fig33
4.10. DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS SEEN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Self-organized learning environments (SOLEs)
A self-organized learning environment (SOLE), created by Sugata Mitra, aims to promote independent learning. where it potentially demonstrates that education may occur anyplace as long as three conditions are met. One is a consistent broadband connection, a collaborative place that is adaptable, allows for participation in a variety of activities, exudesopenness, and someone whocanrecognize and applaud kids for their achievements..
This paradigm does not rely on teachers to impart knowledge; rather, it allows learning to occur naturally. Teachers initiate the process by posing important questions that establish the curriculum, and someone, preferably an elderly person, stands back in amazement as learning takes place
This strategy has been effectively implemented in various regions of the world where children are learning independently in order to prepare for an unpredictable future. This model clearly shows how the current educational system, which was adopted from the British industrial model, is obsolete and no longer necessary.
A group of children with internet access and a bigger question in mind can learn anything on their own, according to Sugata Mitra's 20 years of experiments in the field of self-organized learning for students.
These studies, experiments, and working models identify the curriculum and pedagogical requirements that will be necessary to teach students the complex dynamic systems that the INTERNET uses to function, allowing students to self-learn and preparing them for the near future by making them adapt and learn quickly. They also explain how this can be effectively incorporated into the current curriculum to prepare students for the future.
This aids students in developing their critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication abilities, all of which are crucial for success in the real world.
Source- Rgadmsupadaccess. (2022, August 18). Why education apps are the future of learning. Redbytes. Retrieved July 10, 2022
Fig35- Concept of Granny cloud
4.11. EDUCATION IN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD
The coronavirus has permanently altered education; in order to deal with this unprecedented change, public education must make the required reforms. It is not sane to continue to disregard all of the social injustices that went unnoticed for a very long time. Plans should be created to deal with such unforeseen circumstances.
It also covers the fundamentals that must be covered while the school system is rebuilt. Instilling programs outside of the standard academic calendar, group dynamics, and individual learning needs in a culture that is now socially deprived should be carefully considered, which also makes holistic learning possible and provides room for funding students' extracurricular needs. The public education system should be required to be adaptable and prepared to provide any type of physical, mental, and financial support.
Fig36: Stats providing clarity on the importance of disseminating knowledge across borders, companies, and all parts of society, making it available for all, made apparent during the pandemic.
Worldwideschoolclosuresarearesult of COVID-19. Over 1.2 billion youngsters are not in school worldwide.
Online education can either be a benefit or a curse, depending on the student’s access to the correct technology.
Source-CB Insights. (2020, October 2). Covid & Post-Pandemic Education: 6 ways tech could transform how we teach & learn. CB Insights Research. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from
4.12.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
(NEP) 2020
Education is an excellent leveler and the most effective means of attaining economic and social mobility, inclusion, and equality.
Therefore, the policy encourages a curriculum that must include fundamental arts and crafts, humanities, games, sports and fitness, languages, literature, culture, and values, in addition to science and mathematics, in order to develop all aspects and capabilities of learners and to make education more comprehensive, practical, and satisfying for the learner.
discovering how to learn. Therefore, the focus of education needs to shift away from studying facts and figures and toward learning how to think critically, solve issues, be creative and multidisciplinary, and how to innovate, adapt, and take in new information in emerging and rapidly changing industries.
Despite the government's proposed reforms, which have been acknowledged as essential stepping stones and building blocks for the nation's development, some inconsistencies that these reforms will produce may still be seen. Since such reforms call for upgraded infrastructure, which private institutions can finance but not public schools due to a shortage of funding, Therefore, education cannot close the gap in this situation; rather, it would widen it. As a result, the perceived design may be added to the educational systems that the 2020 education strategy envisions.
Source-Drishti IAS. (2020, July 31). National education policy (NEP) 2020. Drishti IAS. Retrieved October 17, 2022
