post[structuralism]
POST-STRUCTURALISM
SHERINE MAHER SALMA EL-LAKANY MOHAMED TALAIA
POST-STRUCTURALISM
READING ANALYSIS “J’ai sans doute mal lu l’oeuvre de Derrida, mais mal lire c’est finalement une facon de creer,et c’est en lisant mal que j’arrive a vivre dans la realite et que je pourrais travailler avec lui” What we start with is the question of whether we can ever get rid of tradition and get rid of repetition completely which Descartes tried to reach, he wanted to always start from the strong foundations, a claim that was linked to architects including Peter Eisenmen. Descartes trial to prove that tradition can be broken ended him in a loop where there had to be repetition of opposition I terms of having to re-inscribe tradition to be able to break it again. This loop was seen in a different, but continuing manner by Peter Eisenmen who saw that distortion creates an original by its representation. He understood the meaning of the function and architecture to be able to create this distortion. He for example dislocated a column and relocated it and hence created a new experience where our preconceptions change. This reflects on his claim that when raising a question, the question itself is more important than the preconceived answer. This means that instead of using the answers that we already know, we have to start searching for the hidden as through repetition of the question we can discover truth. An example is Monet’s repetition of Rouen Cathedral’s twenty six paintings trying to capture it that were observed by Helene Cixous, which led him to the truth of the Rouen Cathedral. Cixous discovered Prague’s meaning only when she self reflects on it, when she entered from her own gate similar to Kafka’s door’s analogy. The idea of the opposition was interpreted by the various writers in different ways. The opposition between the city of reason that was planned by one and the city of chance that was planned by many by Descartes, the opposition between disjoining and joining in park de la Villete in which the follies, the disjoined, each folly being different are joined together to form the grid of the park. The opposition between hemotopia and hetrotopia or sameness and difference in the way Foucault sliced the time to different temporary times and spaces in which their adjacency creates society, creating sameness. There are six principles of hetrotepia that were dislocated and located to form society. Another opposition I Deleuze’s opposition of society of control and society of discipline on which we can interpret his analogy in a way that preconception of boundaries still affects the way we live, as we create our own boundaries through non materialistic objects. In post structuralism the architecture of the event lies as a main principle where the experience and the process itself is important in the architecture as it defines the meaning. Benjamin's explanation of how danger although painful when you are close can be seen from a distance as being a source of amazement as distance in this case reflects the time and space, the cause and the effect and what is distant is seen as an object as it still does not dominate the viewer, but as distance changes, modification takes place and thus the object is represented again. Post structuralism in facts leaves the viewer and the architect to add meaning, it contradicts the universality of structuralism where it's the same everywhere with no differences. It defines the limits that preconception creates. In fact poststructuralism does not have a clear cut definition. -
“The object is repeated and reworked such that it represents itself for the first time through one’s discovery of the hidden”
POST-STRUCTURALISM
TAHRIR Tahrir is seen as an object that is repeated and reworked on itself creating different realities each time. Everyone sees a different reality of Tahrir, a different prespective. In fact all those layers create what Tahrir is. There is the reality of Tahrir being the image of the revolution during the 18 days starting the 25th if Jan 2011. There is the reality of Tahrir being a home. There is the reality of Tahrir being an image of blood. There is the reality of Tahrir being a dividor. There is the reality of Tahrir being a place for the sellers. There is the reality of Tahrir being a touristic site. There is the reality of Tahrir being a battle zone. There is the reality of Tahrir being a place for the ikhwan. There is the reality of Tahrir being a stage.
There is he reality of Tahrir being just a SQUARE.
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EXPERIENCE Two mirrors in front of each other create an illusion of infinite realities. Each reality becoming a part of another reality. Looking at it from different prespectives creates different illusions. Anyone looking at the two mirrors becomes part of the reality that he defines.
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EXPERIENCE OF THE STORY
Nowadays everything is imposed upon us, ideologies, fashion, conecptions, buildings... People in the slums repeated the dwellings and reworked them informally. They are given the choice to leave their homes, or to remain there. thinkin of the problem we tried to bridge the gap between the government and the people living there. The givernment’s solution imposed on them new buildings that they do not want, rather they chose the houses which they have built on their own. As a solution, we propose a module, a structure that is repeated and reworked leaving the space for the user to represnt his building every time differently according to his own meaning, his own needs, his own experience. Post-Stucturalism
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OUR STORY IINFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN CAIRO If we repose the question of the problems causing informal settlements, we have to deconstruct the layers causing them. The distant layers are the inhabitant’s vision,the informal settlements’ reality and the authority’s perspective. Those layers of different scales have changed over time. We are adding another layer of our own perspective in which we attempt to expose the gap between all the layers and the reality. This is derived from our understanding of post structuralism in which the object is repeated and reworked such that it represents itself for the first time through one’s discovery of the hidden. The following are the three different layers expressed in the form of narratives while the fourth is our narration of the narratives.
Authority: 1950’s:
Through modernization and social equality Egypt will develop. We will create large-scale projects that will solve many of the current problems. We will enforce laws that ensure having 50% of any institution as workers and farmers to ensure that they maintain their rights.
1960’s:
Our agricultural lands are degrading and are being used to build informal settlements. Therefore we shall forbid the illegal construction on agriculture land. We will create populous housing projects to relocate the low-income dwellers creating social equality.
1970’s:
We will adopt a New Towns Policy where its goal is to solve urban problems that challenge to relocate the demographic growth that was occurring on agriculture land into public housing on desert fringes of the city. Public houses are going to be for sale and not for rent in order to generate economic growth.
1980’s:
We view the informal settlements as a disease and a threat to society. We continue to build new city towns in the desert.
1990’s:
We created the national fund for urban upgrading. We will have a new law that allows inhabitants to rent their apartments.
2000’s:
Parts of the informal settlements are dangerous and must be eradicated.
Post 2011 Revolution:
We will provide new cities for the inhabitants and achieve social equality and improve the quality of living. While doing so, we will ensure the safety of Egyptians from the threats emerging from the inhabitants of the informal settlements.
Inhabitant’s Vision: 1950’s:
We want to move to Cairo where more facilities are available and economic opportunities. We want to find a place to live in Cairo and eventually build a house and bring our families to live with us.
1960’s:
The low-income housing created by Nasser are inadequate and do not fulfill our needs.
1970’s:
Supply Proposed by public sectors are still inadequate and unaffordable. They do not fulfill our needs. We prefer affordable informal housing to start our family there.
1990’s:
We want our basic needs to be available in our homes such as water, electricity and a sewage system. We want to live a healthier life.
Post 2011 Revolution:
We want to be recognized as Egyptian citizens as any other, in the sense of having an address and a national identification. We want our voices to be heard. We want the right to basic needs and proper infrastructure. We want adequate health care. We want our private businesses to be recognized. We don’t want our houses to be demolished nor do we want a replacement for our houses in a remote place far away from our families and jobs.
Reality:
The totality of reality comes from the individuality of every inhabitant’s reality.
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CARDBOARD STRUCTURE EXPERIMENTATION
This was our first cardboard experimentation to create structures made out od one plane, two planes, three planes and column and beam.
TWO PLANES No severe failure. Needed to add mullions to brace the planes.
COLUMN AND BEAM Severe failure. No bracing was used. Proportions were wrong. Connection between modules was not strong.
THREE PLANES Roof failure. Roof is not supported enough by the planes. Roof plane does not have mullions to brace it.
ONE PLANE No failure. he plane is composed of several modules connected Better to add bracing inside the modules.
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STORY LINKING TO CARDBOARD STRUCTURE
Different screens are formed around a structure. The structure insie is the reality that is intangible. you can see it from the different slits of the screens. Each screen forming a different way of seeing reality, a different prespective.
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FIVE DAYS OF HELL
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CARDBOARD PAVILION PROCESS
We created a module that is repeated representing the inhabitants of the informal settements and the government.
We decided to integrate the shadows as part of our model. We started connecting the modules together to form two screens in front of each other that represent the inhabitants and the givernment.
Choosing the location to be under the stairs leading to the SSR because it always has passer byers that pass without looking at what happens in the stairwell, same as the passerbyers that pass by the ring road without looking at the informal settlements.
POST-STRUCTURALISM
CARDBOARD PAVILION
The two screens are formed in front of eah other, they do not overlap. The first wall represents the inhabitant’s prespective and the second represents the government;s presepective. There are three paths to move through in the pavilion, eithre around any of the screens or between them. If you move around the screens, you can see through the slits the shadows created bythe screens which you become part of. The slits in the inhabitant;s screen are more open, while the slits in the government’s screen are more closed. The government’spath is narrower than the inhabitants’ path.The shadows represent the reality that is formed all around the model as there is not one reality. The reality is intangible and as you enter the model, you become part of the reality. The shadows between the screens overlap showing the reality that is fored by both the inhabitants and the government.
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LINKING TO CONTEXT PHASE 1 The context of the ring road that passes by the informal settlements and acts as a dividor that cuts between 3ezbet khairalla and stabl antar to create another community of passser byers who pass the ring road without even looking at the informal settlements around them. The billboards are in fact built on tp of some of the roofs of the informal houses.
We located historical buildings around the context. First, there is the Gabakhana which started of as a gun powder factory during Mohamed Ali’s reign and changed its function over time. There is the Aquadact and Berket El-Habash ,a lake and a garden that gathered all sorts of societies together in one place.
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EXPERIENTIAL MODEL 1
This experinetial model started to put the experience in context. It is composed of a horizontal mirror strip that is faced upward to represent the ring road. The other mirrors are all fragmented and placed on both sides of the horizontal strip and above it to represent the community that was divided and the community of the passbyers. The mirriors create a visual and conceptual reflection between all components which leads to a sense of belonging of each community into the other as it becomes part of it. When you see your reflection in the mirrors, you become part of the reality. The historical context has larger mirrors creating nodes as it forms the common ground which all can relate to. There is a physical and conceptual connection created between the mirrors formed by the transparent threads that do not impose by being transparent. The connection is used to orient the mirrors towards each other. The vision at this stage is embracing each inhabitants’ reality. By Inhabitants we mean the pass-byers, the authority and the inhabitants of the informal settlements.
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EXPERIENTIAL MODEL 2
This development of the experiential model acted as a clearer division of the components of the project. The experiential componenets are connection then reflection then common ground and embracing and finally the open ended. The experiential model is composed of three types io threads, two colored and one transparent and mirrors. The model starts by having two poles which have the two colored threads that are connected by the transparent threads that brings the colored threads closer. The transparent thread is used to connect without imposing which forms the connection component. The threads start to change to reflection by changng to fragmented mirrors which form he first phase of each community seeing the other. The mirrors start to increase in size to form more ordered mirror shapes that reflect more forming the common grounf component which also reflects the surroundigs as everything becomes part of this common ground that embraces realities. The thead continues at this stage to orient the mirrors towards each other. The threads at the end connect at one pole forming the stage of potential which shows the potential of them being connected and working together to do anything that they want.
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STRUCTURE TRANSLATION OF EXPERIENTIAL MODEL
The structure translation of the experiential model had only three components, the first forming the connection and refletion component which is made from tensegrity. At this stage we chose tensegrity because tensegrity is formed by two elements: the cables and the poles which then change to space frame that is formed of one element symbolizing how the connection grows stronger. The second component forms the experience of embracing realities and common ground that has the members enclosing a space that is more ordered haaving similar members. The third component forms the experinenxe of open ending and potential in which the structure moel starts to rise and to open up to an open space that is raised as if it leaves for the people to build up the rest of their future the way that they want it to be.
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STRUCTURE RESEARCH
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SITE ANALYSIS
Site Conditions
Surrounding Photos
Slopes, Roads and Grid
Contour
Ezbet Khairallah
Ring Road
Gabakhana
Zoning of Programs
Historical Sites
IbnTulun Aquaduct
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FIRST SPACE PROGRAM
Experiential component: Connection/ accessibility What: Several access points connection Ring Road to informal settlements Who: 2 sets of users: -pass byers accessing informal settlements -Inhabitants accessing ring road Activities:Parking tangent to the Ring Road Pedestrian passages leading from the Ring Road to informal settlements Bridge crossing over the Ring Road connecting both sides Area: Parking: 16*16 (each lot 2.5 *5) Remaining: pedestrian bridges and access points Structure: Tensegrity carrying passages and sheds in some areas. Experiential component: Reflection What: series of connected promenades as well as “kahwas” along them Fly over bridge connecting promenade from opposite sides of the ring road Who: 2 sets of users: -pass byers -inhabitants of informal settlements Areas: Service area 10m2 10 service area Storage: 10m2 Remaining: open space Spatial relations: Accessible only from the access points from the ring roads for the pass byers Paths are accentuated by the structure and will lead the inhabitants to it Structure: Tensegrity creating paths and dynamic spaces for the “kahwas”. Experiential component: Common ground/ Embracing realities What: Each feel part of one thing or coming from one thing Sense of belonging to one place Experience historical context Who: 2 sets of users: -pass byers -inhabitants of informal settlements Activities: Workshop and market selling products of the workshop and flea market Areas: 1.2 *2 m for every booth. 100 booths 3 worshops 5*8m Remaining: open space and circulation Spatial relations: Surrounding and part of historical context Structure: Space truss creating the spaces and allowing fly over historical context Experiential component: Open- Ended/ Potential What: Open- Ended/ Potential Cultural center for any event A lot of spaces all connected Who: 2 sets of users: -pass byers -inhabitants of informal settlements Areas: Open spaces and platforms Open space Spatial relations: Each space can be used differently according to the interpretation of the user. Structure: Space truss creating open spaces
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CONCEPT AND COMPONENTS
The concept:
-Connect between the two divided communities that do not see eachother who are the pass-byers and the inhabitants physically and conceptually to bridge the existing gap. -Not to impose on the inhabotants and the informal settlements. -For the users to feel part of their history. -Follow an open-ended approach that gives the chance for the inhabitants and the pass-byers to find out their own potential as a result of their connection, reflection and snse of belonging. -Stitiching the community that was divided by the ring road again, stitching our project with the context and stitching thecommunity of the pass-byers and the inabitants together. -For both communities to feel part of the other. -To serve the inhabitants of the informal settlements to feel that the project is part of them.
Relation to Post-Structuralism:
-The post-structuralism creates a space that is open-ended that sets some initial points, but leaves for the users to create the meaning and reality of the space as they want it. It leaves the potential for the users to continue their open ended story. It does not impose and the most mportant thing is the experience of the users. As a result we created a linear experinece that follows the poststructuralist approach.
Components: The linear Experience
1-Connection and Reflection: Creating attractors for the pass-byers into the project. Connecting the ring road to the area of the informal houses to create access points for the inhabitants. Creating a bridge that connects Ezbet Khairalla to Stabl Antar. Using the empty pockets in the site to create functional spaces. 2-Common ground and Embracing Realities: Creating a flea market that puts the inhabitants and the pass-byers at one location where they interact and sell to each other. This creates a higher level of interaction in the linear experience as they both feel equal selling to each other. They then go to the workshop in which they both work together and learn from each other. The context of the flea market and the workshop is the Gabakhana to realte the users to the historical context. This component also integrates the currently existing footballcourt to serve the inhabitants by improving the services they have 3- Potentials and Open ended: Creating a gallery that shows the potential of the works of both the inhabitants and the pass-byers. This gallery passes over existing rooms that are realted to the Gabakhana that will be another level of the gallery. Creating an area for the children interaction as there are no spaces for interaction for the children, they play in the sloped streets. Creating a parallel potential space for interaction for the roofs of the inhabitants that serves the inhabitants only to be used as 3eshash el ferakh, shading areas, green roofs or even to have parallel interaction spaces such as a Qahwa. Creating an open ended platform that is flexible to be used by the users (the inhabitants and the pass-byers) according to the potential that they create together. Emphasizing the street as the street has alwys benn the main interaction space and to make sure that the pass-byers can experience the importance ofthe street in tis community.
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THE MIDTERM DROP LAYOUT
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THE MIDTERM DROP MODEL
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THE SITE VISIT
zone d zone e zone b
zone c
zone f
zone a
zone g
zone h zone i zone j
zone m
zone k
zone l
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THE SITE VISIT ZONES’ PHOTOS
Zone a
Zone b
Zone c
Zone d
Zone e
Zone f
Zone g
Zone h
Zone i
Zone j
Zone k
Zone l
Zone m
[drawings]
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CONNECTION AND REFLECTION COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1
Section showing the extension of the ring road to create a parking space for pass-byers’s cars. This creates an attractor and accessibility.
Tensegrity used in the empty pockets.
Experimentation with tensegrity structure.
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT CONNECTION AND REFLECTION COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT PHASE 2 AND 3: TENSEGRITY IN CONTEXT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Layout and sections showing the different spaces that can be created in the empty pockets. Those spaces can have diferent functions that are needed by the inhabitants and that can be attractors to the pass-byers.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Model showing how tensegrity can be used to create those functional spaces between the informal houses in the empty pockets.
POST-STRUCTURALISM PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
CONNECTION AND REFLECTION COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT PHASE 2 and 3: THE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE AND EXTENSION
This model and the section above show an alternative for the pedestrian bridge that reconnects Ezbet Khairallah and Stabl Antar. Here the posts holds the slabs and the tensegrity. however, the model showed that this structure is not stable.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Extension of the bridge.
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CONNECTION AND REFLECTION COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT PRE-FINAL: BRIDGE MODEL
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 1 To create the flea market, the location chosen to begin was an empty area in front of the Gabakhana . The Gabakhana is n important historical site that was used during Mohamed Ali’s reign in the 19th century as a gun powder factory. The building has changed its function over the years. It was used as a a factory for machines at one point. The Gabakhna is currently not used. It is unaccessible specially to womrn although it has the potential of being used to create a lot of functionals spaces for the inhabitants of Stabl Antar. The challenge in this part is the grid used for the flea market and the workshop that is supposed to stitch in the context by being derived from the existing lines in the context.
POST-STRUCTURALISM
COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 2
The relation between the flea market and the Gabakhana is maintained by having the fle market in the empty space in front of the Gabakhana. There is a continuation of the structure inside the Gabakhana.
POST-STRUCTURALISM
COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 3
Layout for the tables that will be formed using space frames so that the space frames create the tables and the whole enclosure by having the tables, the columns and the shed all from space frames that are connected. Trees would be an important component in the design.
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 4
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 5
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 6
[drawings]
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PHASE 7
The Workshop form has changed inside the Gabakhana.
ThIS section shows the claddinge used. There is the comnbination of wooden cladding and fabric cladding.
SECTIONS
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COMMON GROUND AND EMRACING REALITIES PRE-FINAL
PLAN
SECTION 1
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ROOF PLAN
MODEL FOR TABLES AND COLUMNS
SECTIONS
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 1
The area in the site chosen for teis component starts abive the historical rooms that were related to the Gabakhana, to create a gallery on two levels then the narrow street is emphasized because itin is the main interaction space in the existing community. The roofs of the inhabitants’ are part of the project and an empty space at the end of the street is used to create a platform.
Inspiration for the children’s interaction area.
POST-STRUCTURALISM
POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 2 The structure covers the roofs of the buildings to create a parallel interaction space for the inhabitants. However, an area of that parallel soace will be accessed by the pass-byers. The structure starts from inside the Gabakhana.
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 3
tsThis model was a stage used to cisualize the structure before drawing it.
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 4
The platform at this stage has no problems in its design. However, the sections show that the structure is very imposing as the posts make the street that is narrow narrower.
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 5
Change of location of the starting point because it will be hard to stat forom the height of the gabakhana and its better to use the rooms related to the Gabakhana. The design of the starting point change to use the empty space and not to impose.
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PHASE 5
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DETAILS
SECTIONS Through different activities in the interaction space
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PRE-FINAL
The materials are very important as each level has a different pattern of material. The ground floor has stone pattern used for the flooring, then the main plan for each part has a wood pattern used. The roof then uses both the oattern of wood and fabric. This identifies each level of intercction with a certain material.
ELEVATION
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STRUCTURE FORM
MODEL
final[drawings]
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MASTERPLAN
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT CONNECTION AND REFLECTION PLANS
POST-STRUCTURALISM
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
CONNECTION AND REFLECTION SECTIONS
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
onnection CONNECTION AND REFLECTION LAYOUT AND ELEVATION
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CONNECTION AND REFLECTION MODEL
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COMMON GROUND AND EMBRACING REALITIES GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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COMMON GROUND AND EMBRACING REALITIES ROOF PLAN
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COMMON GROUND AND EMBRACING REALITIES STRUCTURE FORM
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COMMON GROUND AND EMBRACING REALITIES SECTIONS
FOOTBALL COURT SEATING SECTION
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SPACE FRAME DETAILS
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED PLAN
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED STRUCTURE FORM
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POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED SECTIONS
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UTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
POTENTIAL AND OPEN ENDED ELEVATION
AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT