TDD12-1M
1 HP STEAM TURBINE EDUCATIONAL UNIT
The unit type T.D.D.12/1M consists of the following main parts: 他 Boiler 他 Steam turbine with brake-dynamo unit 他 Auxiliary equipment (with optional items) The above three components are designed for simple resting on the floor. Foundation or masonry are not needed. Their reciprocal positioning may be varied in accordance with space conditions and ambient configuration. BOILER The steam generator is vertical water tubes type, with three lower and one upper collectors. Is provided with super heater: in such a way it is possible to get either saturated or super heated steam. Heating surface: m2 . 8 Max pressure: 12kg/cmq. Working pressure: 10 kg/cm2. Steam capacity: 210 kg/h.
The boiler is equipped with steam control cocks and water level controls. Feeding is given by an electrically driven pump and a steam injector in line with the piping from the feed pump. Steam level controls and safety level controls are electrical probe type. Safety valves are spring types. All controls and instruments are situated into the control board. In the feeding to the turbine is situated into the control board. In the feeding to the turbine is situated the desuperheater, water injection type, a steam drier and a tap for analysing steam quality to be determined by a separating and throttling calorimeter (on request).
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com
TDD12-1M
GAS OIL BURNER The burner, settled in the front part of the boiler, is gas oil fed with maximum viscosity 1.8 E. at 20° C. and maximum flow rate 24 kg/h. This unit is interlocked to the boiler control board either for level and pressure. Optionally a methane gas burner can be installed. BOILER CONTROL BOARD ¾ Steam pressure control ¾ Steam pressure gauge ¾ Safety pressure gauge ¾ Temperature of exhaust gauge ¾ Main switch with warning light ¾ Manual automatic switch for feed pump with warning light ¾ Switch, with warning light, burner on ¾ Push button with warning light incorporated to reset shutdown of burner TURBINE AND BRAKE-DYNAMO The turbine and the brake-dynamo are coaxially mounted on a common cast iron base, together with the following main accessories: Turbine control panel, condenser, hot well, vacuum ejector, drainage box and relevant tubing and valves. Impulse Turbine type ST1 Is impulse type with one pressure stage and one speed stage. Choking 50% two nozzles. ¾ Rated output: 0,73 kW (1hp) ¾ Speed: 6000 r.p.m. ¾ Max rated pressure at inlet: 8 Ate ¾ Steam inlet temp. Saturated steam: 170°C ¾ Max temperature of super heated: 195°C. ¾ Exhaust pressure: back pressure or vacuum conditions. The turbine is fitted with a main inlet valve, double seat type, connected to a centrifugal speed control governor and a over speed control of tripping type, both driven by the main shaft. The cast iron case containing also the splash system lubrication with water cooling system incorporated.
Brake-Dynamo Unit The swinging frame brake-dynamo. Separately excited, is coaxially mounted to the turbine. Rated output: 1,4 kW Volt: 110 Amp.: 13 Speed: 6000 r.p.m. The generated power is dissipated in the form of heat through an electrical resistance fitted in the control board. Braking torque measurement is carried out by means of balance weight arm or spring loaded dynamometer. Other braking systems are available upon request Turbine and Dynamo Control The control board for both turbine and generator includes: ¾ Main switch with warning lamp ¾ Switch and warning lamp for the generator load on ¾ Generator exciting potentiometer ¾ Voltmeter ¾ Ammeter ¾ Tachometer. The turbine Instrument system allow to evaluate all parameters relating to its operations and includes: ¾ Steam inlet pressure to turbine ¾ Steam inlet temperature to turbine ¾ Steam outlet pressure from turbine ¾ Steam outlet temperature from turbine ¾ Cooling water inlet temperature to condenser ¾ Cooling water outlet temperature form condenser ¾ Condensate temperature CONDENSER The exhaust steam discharges directly into a galvanised steel condenser fitted with 2 passes of copper cooling tubes whose surface is 1.7 m2. On the feeding cooling water line a meter is fitted to measure the relevant flow. HOT WELL The hot well is directly connected to the condenser. It consists of a cylindrical tank of 120 litres capacity, fitted with a graduated gauge glass allowing for a precise measurement of turbine steam consumption. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS 1. Feed water softener unit is a tank with valves for the drainage and inlet water provided with an upper cover by which salt and resins are introduced. Regeneration is made by a
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com
TDD12-1M
manual cycle. Equipped with kit for testing water hardness. 2. Softened feed water tank, capacity 200 litres about. Is fitted with float valve. 3. Fuel oil service tank: capacity 200 litres about. Equipped with an inner tank for precision measurement of fuel consumption by a two- scale gauge glass: one measure full consumption during normal working conditions of boiler, precision scale measures fuel consumption during tests. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT (Optional) The educational unit type T.D.D.12/1M can be integrated adding the following accessories: ¾ Thermal Degaser The softened feed water tank can be fitted with plates dropping water and steam fed with aim to heat water up to 100 °C as to allow the oxigen outflow. On the steam feeding pipe are situated an electrovalve and a thermostat. As to avoid an over heating. ¾ Cooling Tower Whether the school not equipped with a main water feeding at least m3/h we way supply a cooling tower to reduce temperature of water to condenser. The tower is equipped with helicoidal fan driven by 1 kW electrical motor, an exchange pack, and a drops separator. The carrying structure, the tank of connection and all structure shapes, are made of galvanised iron. ¾ Throttling calorimeter This apparatus, universal type, allows the continuous measurement of the quality, of steam produced by boiler. It is possible to analyse any steam quality including also moisture over 5%. ¾ Orsat apparatus Used to analyse boiler exhaust gases by CO and CO2 determination, in order to set air admission to the burner. MEASURABLE PARAMETERS The instruments installed on the educational unit type T.D.D.12/1M make possible to determine the following parameters: BOILER 1. Steam pressure 2. Quality steam (optional) 3. Exhaust gas temperature 4. Feed water to degasator temperature 5. Differential measurement of fuel consumption during regular operation and during testings 6. Determination of hardness of feed water
7. Analysis of exhaust gas composition by the Orsat apparatus (optional) 8. Pressure into the fire box 9. Temperature measurement of superheated steam 10. Temperature measurement of desuperheated steam. TURBINE AND BRAKE-DYNAMO 1. Turbine torque 2. Steam consumption through measurement of volume of the condensate 3. Instant measurement of number of revolution 4. Brake-dynamo continuous regulation of load 5. Nozzle steam pressure 6. Partial nozzle steam pressure 7. Measurement of vacuum outlet of the turbine obtained by ejector 8. Total efficiency with saturated or superheated steam. MAIN EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES Boiler ¾ Steam flow rate test ¾ Determination of oxygen dissolved into the feeding water ¾ Fuel consumption ¾ Boiler efficiency ¾ Using direct and indirect method ¾ determination of sensitive heat losses of the exhaust gas into the chimney. Turbine and Brake-Dynamo ¾ Determination of total permanent speed drop or mean average proportional band of speed control circuit ¾ Power/steam consumption curve ¾ Turbine steam consumption in back pressure or under vacuum, with saturated or superheated steam ¾ Turbine efficiency curve determination at the variation of isoentropic enthalpic stage in any above mentioned case. Condenser ¾ Determination of the cooling water flow rate diagram according to turbine speed range ¾ Determination of the variations in the physical characteristics of condensate product due to changes in the cooling water flow rate.
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com