TDI-FP3
FRANCIS PELTON TURBINE EDUCATIONAL
DIMENSIONS in meters: Lenght: 6 Width: 2,6 Height: 2,2 Weight: Kg. 3500 approx.
The unit above consists of a base assembly embodying a structural shape framework supporting the two hydraulic turbines and the dynamo coupled to them, the main and auxiliary water tanks . The main tank partially closed on top has function as water storage and the remaining part not covered forms the measurement tank section for testing flow rates on weirs and nozzles. The auxiliary water tank is for use as load tank for nozzle tests, and its water level is adjustable. On the side of the main tank provision has been made for an uncovered channel for tests on weirs and a Venturi profile.
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com
TDI-FP3
WATER TURBINES , DYNAMO AND PUMPS The two turbines, co-axially mounted to the dynamo are connected to it through pulling-out joints so enabling the dynamo to be coupled to either one or the other turbine separately. One turbine of Pelton design develops 2.2 HP at 1,500 RPM . It is fitted with "Double" distribution system and steel needle regulation. Feeding is through a motor-driven centrifugal pump rating 340 litre per minute with 48 m. W.G., electric motor 10 HP at 2850 RPM. This pump is also used for load loss testing on piping with variable shape and to feed the auxiliary water tank fitted with nozzles. The second turbine is of Francis reaction type with forced spiral chamber and exterior distributor type Finch. The turbine develops 2.5 HP at 1,600 RPM and is fed through a motor-driven pump with 1,050 litre per minute flow rate and 16 m. W.G. 7.5 HP motor at 1,450 RPM. This pump also supplies the uncovered channel. TURBINES OVERSPEED CONTROL This control consists of an electromagnetic switch fitted to the dynamo shaft. When speed is higher than rated RPM (+ 25% of service speed) the switch cuts out the electric circuit of the pumps. These circuits can be later switched-in again by a manual control on the control board. DYNAMO The dynamo of swinging frame construction has separate excitation and rates 1.5 kW at 1,500 RPM in continuous duty: it is cooled through an external motor-driven fan which is fed from the mains. Excitation for the dynamo is changed through an electronic circuit, while power output is dissipated by resistances embodied inside of the control board. The generator is connected to a continuous torque detector and the value, is visualised directly in Kg.m. on a dial. It is thus possible to know at any time the torque output of the turbine: a schedule converts power output in HP with respect to RPM. This measurement system is independent from the electromechanical efficiency of the brakegenerator. Electric output of the generator can be measured by a voltmeter and an ammeter on the control board.
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT FOR HYDRAULIC TESTING AND MEASUREMENTS The auxiliary equipment for hydraulic testing consists of as follows: 1. Water tank with height of level adjustable by manual control, fitted with graduated level tube. On one wall of the tank it is possible to install, by screwing, 6 nozzles of different profile but all having the same 50 mm. bore. Thereby it is possible to make comparative testing for flow rate capacities and determination of outflow coefficients. 2. Uncovered channel on the end of which a set of weirs can be fitted successively, these weirs featuring a thin walled design and variable shape. Additionally, a thin walled weir, a thick walled one and a throttling piece with Venturi profile are fitted midship of this channel. 3. On the front wall of the main water tank, a set of 3 pipes each one measuring equally 11.56 m. in length is installed. These pipes are fed through the Pelton turbine pump; two water gauges, one of which is mounted at the inlet and the other at the end of these 4. pipes provide for the measurement of load losses. The first set of pipes is made up with linear pipe sections, the second set with a continuous series of radiused curves, and the third one with a set of continuous right angle curves. On the outlet end of these pipes a flow meter rotameter type has been provided for the determination of any change occurring in instant flow rate. 5. A device for water hammer control has been installed on an off-take line from the piping feeding the 3 pipe assembly. This device consists of two cut-off gate valves, a maximum pressure gauge. An adjustable time shut-off electrovalve and a quick-closure manually actuated gate valve. This device is also connected to the flow meter, and permits to control the effects of water hammers produced by the instantaneous or slow shutoff of the gate valve or of the electrovalve.
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com
TDI-FP3
CONTROL BOARD The control board, beside embodying the electrical equipment for controlling pumps operation and turbines overspeed, mounts also the equipment as given below: ¾ Dynamo voltmeter and ammeter. ¾ Turbines speed indicator. ¾ Dynamo excitation to make possible load control. ¾ Dial unit for reading turbine torque in Kgm. ¾ Resistances for dissipation of electric power from dynamo. Sideways to the control board is installed one mercury operated flow rate meters for pumps, reading in litres per second: this meter is connected to two orifice gauges arranged on the feed pipes to each turbine. The meter can be calibrated by means of precision mercury differential gauge. On each circuit for the flow rate measurement it has be fitted a scrubber to prevent mercury from being sucked-in when flow rate has a tendency to increase above the highest level admitted with respect to the maximum flow rate.
TYPICEL EXPERIEMNTS PERFORMED WITH THE HYDRAULIC FRANCIS-PELTON TURBODYNAMO UNIT TYPE T.D.I./F.P.-3 All following typical experiments may be performed when unit is working under different conditions as: ¾ Flow and head variation of the pumps. ¾ Variation in the position of the needle and in changing the nozzles in the Pelton wheel turbine. ¾ Variation in the position of the Finck distributor in the Francis turbine. 1. Pelton and Francis turbines. Available theoretical hydraulic output. Turbine mechanical output - Generator output. Turbine efficiency. - Plotting of working curves. 2. Performances of the pumps feeding the turbines. 3. Performances of other types of pumps which may be connected of the pipe line and to the measuring instruments of the Pelton turbine. 4. Comparative tests on experimental performances and theoretical data concerning the flow and head losses of the set of 3 pipes having equal diameter and length but different shape. 5. Flow tests on weirs with control of the effective flow to the water tank and determination of the practical and theoretical flow factor. 6. Flow tests on nozzles with control of the effective flow to the water tank and determination of practical and theoretical flow factors. Also in this experiments, nozzles of different shape from the ones supplied may be used. 7. Tests on water - hammer with different water flow and different speed of interception. 8. Tests on water flow on the feed line to the turbines controlled by the differential pressure gauge (parallel-connected to the flow dial meter) using the formulas and the tables or the diagrams issued which the instruction book
I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com