Bibliophobia by Samantha Louise

BIBL IOPH OBIA by Samantha Black

Antaxophobia

Fear of Disorder

4 Antaxophobia, also known as the fear of disorder is one of many phobias known to the medical world. It is characterized by the need for order in everything in their life. Chaos and disorderly situations can lead to anxiety attacks, feelings of terror, trembling, rapid heartbeat, feelings of dread, and shortness of breath. It is very important for people with this phobia to have order in their home, one of the places they have full control over. For example, if there are three cans of a soft drink on the counter one will need to be remove one because it is uneven. Someone with this disorder can be aware of it but it does not seem to hinder their personal or business affairs. In fact, it may be the key to someoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success.

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Bibliophobia is the fear or hatred of books. Such fear often arises from fear of the effect books can have on society or culture. This phobia is a common cause of censorship and book burning. This phobia arose when the professions that required literacy, such as the clergy and beadles, would exploit and terrify the illiterate masses by their command of texts such as religious and legal documents. This phobia can be broadly defined as the fear of books, but it also refers to a fear of reading or reading out loud or in public. Many people have only a subset of this phobia, fearing textbooks or historical novels or childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stories, rather than a fear of all books. Mythophobia, or the fear of legends, can be considered a subtype of bibliophobia if the fear is of those legends that are written down.

Bibliophobia Fear of Books

Cynophobia is the fear of dogs. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype â&#x20AC;&#x153;animal phobiasâ&#x20AC;?. According to Dr. Timothy O. Rentz of the Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders at the University of Texas, animal phobias are among the most common of the specific phobias and 36% of patients who seek treatment report being afraid of dogs or cats. Although snakes and spiders are more common animal phobias, cynophobia is especially debilitating because of the high prevalence of dogs (for example, there are an estimated 25 million stray dogs in

India, and an estimated 62 million pet dogs in the United States) and the general ignorance of dog owners to the phobia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders reports that only 12% to 30% of those suffering from a specific phobia will seek treatment. The book Phobias defines a panic attack as â&#x20AC;&#x153;a sudden terror lasting at least a few minutes with typical

manifestations of intense fearâ&#x20AC;?. These manifestations may include palpitations, sweating, trembling, difficulty breathing, the urge to escape, faintness or dizziness, dry mouth, nausea and/or several other symptoms.reven when thinking about or presented with an image (static or filmed) of a dog.

Cynophobia Fear of Dogs

Dendrophobia Fear of Trees Dendrophobia is the fear of trees. The origin of the word dendro is Greek (meaning tree) and phobia is Greek (meaning fear). Dendrophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Dendrophobia is also related to Hylophobia (fear of forests), Nyctohylophobia (fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night), and Xylophobia (fear of wooden objects and/or forests). It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias.

Eosophobia Fear of Sunlight

Eosophobia is the fear of dawn or daylight. The origin of the word eoso is Greek (meaning dawn) and phobia is Greek (meaning fear). Eosophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Eosophobia is also related to Heliophobia (fear of the sun or sunlight) and Phengophobia (fear of daylight, sunlight or sunshine). It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias. As with any phobia, the symptoms vary by person depending on their level of fear. The symptoms typically include extreme anxiety, dread and anything associated with

panic such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, nausea, inability to articulate words or sentences, dry mouth and shaking. Medicine can be prescribed, but please note that these medications can have side effects and/ or withdrawal systems that can be severe. It is also important to note that medicines do not cure phobias, at best they only temporarily suppress the systems. However, there are treatments for phobias, which include counseling, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and Neuro-Linguistic programming. Please click on the tab at the top of the page called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Treatmentsâ&#x20AC;? to find out more information on these types of treatments.

Felinophobia Fear of Cats

Felinophobia is the fear of cats. The origin of the word felino is Latin (meaning cat). Felinophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Felinophobia is also called Aelurophobia, Ailurophobia, Elurophobia, Gatophobia and related to Galeophobia (fear of cats and sharks), Agrizoophobia (fear of wild animals), and Zoophobia (fear of animals). It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events (i.e. traumatic events) and internal predispositions (i.e. heredity or genetics). Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age.

experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias. As with any phobia, the symptoms vary by person depending on their level of fear.

Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-

Medicine can be prescribed, but please note that these medications can have side effects and/or withdrawal systems that can be severe.

Blood phobia is extreme and irrational fear of blood, a type of specific phobia. Severe cases of this fear can cause physical reactions that are uncommon in most other fears, specifically vasovagal syncope (fainting). Similar reactions can also occur with trypanophobia and traumatophobia. For this reason, these phobias are categorized as “bloodinjection-injury phobia” by the DSM-IV. Some early texts refer to this category as “blood-injury-illness phobia.” Blood phobia is often caused by direct or vicarious trauma in childhood or adolescence. Though some have suggested a possible genetic link, a study of twins suggests that social learning and traumatic events, rather than genetics, is of greater significance. The inclusion of “blood-injury phobia” within the category of specific or simple phobias in classificatory systems reflects a perception that

fear has a primary role in the disorder. Consistent with this assumption, blood-injury phobia appears to share a common etiology with other phobias. Kendler, Neale, Kessler, Heath, and Eaves have argued from data comparing monozygotic with dizygotic twins that the genetic factor common to all phobias (agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobias), strongly predisposes a person to specific phobias. The recognition of an inherited vulnerability common to all phobias is consistent with the notion that elevated trait anxiety predisposes one to anxiety disorders. Trait anxiety provides a background of affective arousal that permits a more rapid activation of the fight or flight response. With respect to specific activating events, conditioning is one way that stimuli become able to elicit anxiety. The standard approach to treatment is the same as with other phobias

- cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization, and possibly medications to help with the anxiety and discomfort. In recent years, the technique known as applied tension, applying tension to the muscles in an effort to increase blood pressure, has increasingly gained favor as an often effective treatment for blood phobia associated with drops in blood pressure and fainting.

Hemophobia Fear of Blood

Ichthyophobia is described in Psychology: An International Perspective as an â&#x20AC;&#x153;unusualâ&#x20AC;? specific phobia. Both symptoms and remedies of ichthyophobia are common to most specific phobias. John B. Watson, a renowned name in behaviorism, describes an example, quoted in many books in psychology, of conditioned fear of a goldfish in an infant and a way of unconditioning of the fear by what is now called graduated exposure therapy.

Try another method. Let his brother, aged four, who has no fear of fish, come up to the bowl and put his hands in the bowl and catch the fish. No amount of watching a fearless child play with these harmless animals will remove the fear from the toddler. Try shaming him, making a scapegoat of him. Your attempts are equally futile. Let us try, however, this simple method. Place the child at meal time at one end of a table ten or twelve

feet long, and move the fish bowl to the extreme other end of the table and cover it. Just as soon as the meal is placed before him remove the cover from the bowl. If disturbance occurs, extend your table and place the bowl still farther off, so far away that no disturbance occurs. Eating takes place normally, nor is digestion interfered with. Repeat the procedure on the next day, but move the bowl a little nearer. In four or five days the bowl can be brought right up to the food tray without causing the slightest disturbance. Then take a small glass dish, fill it with water and move the dish back, and at subsequent meal times bring it nearer and nearer to him. Again in three or four days the small glass dish can be put on the tray alongside of his milk. The old fear has been driven out by training, unconditioning has taken place, and this unconditioning is permanent.

Ichthyophobia Fear of Fish

Kenophobia Fear of Voids Kenophobia is the fear of voids, empty rooms, barren spaces. The origin of the word keno is Greek (meaning empty). Kenophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Kenophobia is also know as Cenophobia and Cenotophobia. It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias.

Melanophobia is the fear of the color black. The origin of the word melano is Greek (meaning black). Melanophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Melanophobia is also related to Chromophobia or Chromatophobia (fear of colors), Leukophobia (fear of the color white), Porphyrophobia (fear of the color purple) and Xanthophobia (fear of the color yellow or the word yellow). It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias.

As with any phobia, the symptoms vary by person depending on their level of fear. The symptoms typically include extreme anxiety, dread and anything associated with panic such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, nausea, inability to articulate words or sentences, dry mouth and shaking. Medicine can be prescribed, but please note that these medications can have side effects and/or withdrawal systems that can be severe. It is also important to note that medicines do not cure phobias, at best they only temporarily suppress the systems. However, there are treatments for phobias, which include counseling, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and Neuro-Linguistic programming.

Melanophobia Fear of the Color Black

Nephophobia Fear of Clouds

Nephophobia is the fear of clouds. The origin of the word nepho is Greek (meaning clouds). Nephophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. Nephophobia is also related to Homichlophobia (fear of fog or humidity) and Nebulaphobia (fear of fog and clouds). It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at

an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias. As with any phobia, the symptoms vary by person depending on their level of fear. The symptoms typically include extreme anxiety, dread and anything associated with

panic such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, and sweating, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, nausea, inability to articulate words or sentences, dry mouth and shaking.

Ommatophobia Fear of Eyes Fear is a powerful thing and comes in many varieties. What one person sees as nothing to be uncomfortable about can terrify another past the point where they can’t function. The eye care world is not immune to the world of phobias, one of which is called Ommetaphobia. A fear that has become severe or irrational is called a phobia. Ommetaphobia is the fear of eyes or eye care, and can have a serious impact on a victim’s eye health. This problem can be the result of some sort of eye-related trauma occurring at a younger age, or being exposed to disturbing images involving eyes. When a person cannot bring themselves to allow a doctor to check their eyes, many eye diseases that could be caught early have a risk of being missed. The result can be pain

and/or permanent vision loss. If the fear also involves having one’s own eyes touched, the patient may miss out on vision correction options such as contact lenses, LASIK or PRK. Another way that Ommetaphobia might manifest is by not being able to make eye contact or look at the eyes of another person. This may lead to poor social interactions and difficulties being with other people altogether, which of course has a potential for other psychological issues.

The fear of ghosts in many human cultures is based on beliefs that some ghosts may be malevolent towards people and dangerous (within the range of all possible attitudes, including mischievous, benign, indifferent, etc.). It is related to fear of the dark. The fear of ghosts is sometimes referred to as phasmophobia[1] and erroneously spectrophobia, the latter being an established term for fear of mirrors and oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own reflections. Wariâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, an Amazon rainforest tribe, believe that the spirits of dead people may appear as scaring specters called jima. The jima is said to grab a person with very strong, cold and poisonous hands and try to pull the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spirit away. Onry is a Japanese ghost (yurei) who is able to return to the physical world in order to seek vengeance. While male onry can be found, mainly in kabuki theatre, the majority are

women, powerless in the physical world, they often suffer at the capricious whims of their male lovers. In death they become strong. Gory are vengeance ghosts from the aristocratic classes, especially those who have been martyred. Fear of ghosts, their vengeance and mischief is a common base for a plot in the ghost story literary genre and in ghost movies. In cartoons and comics, Casperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efforts to make friends is hampered by humans, animals and even inanimate objects irrationally panicking, screaming and running away at the sight of him. It may be said that the characters Shaggy and Scooby from the TV and movie franchise Scooby-Doo suffer from phasmophobia, with the added joke that the ghosts they encountered were usually criminals masquerading as ghosts, specifically preying on peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s phasmophobia as a cover for their criminal activities.

Phasmophobia Fear of Ghosts