Metropooling Zuidvleugel

METROPOOLING THE ZUIDVLEUGEL 2040 From a loose network of attractive places to a connected fractal Metropolitan Region

Urban Region Networks

COLOPHON European Post-Master in Urbanism strategies and design for cities and territories

Design Studio EMU fall semester 2015 TUDelft Urban Region Networks European Higher Education Consortium in Urbanism Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urbanism Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 134 00 WEST250 The Netherlands Tel. +31 1 52 78 44 30

EMU Studio participants Chen Yun-Shih Daniel Ferrer Estefania McLaurin Moreno Fecianti Iulia Sirbu Ke Zhang Juliana Nakagawa Fernandes Lin Wei-Yun

Magdalini Papadam Pablo Pajares Rebeca Rabello Sanjana Ahmed Tatiana Rojas Molina Vincent Babes Yan Jingyue

2015-2016

Studio Instructors dr. Roberto Rocco (R.C.Rocco@tudelft.nl) ir. Daan Zandbelt (D.D.Zandbelt@tudelft.nl) The studio is part of the European Post-Master in Urbanism program.

The design studio is complemented by compulsory courses in Methodology (Prof. Vincent Nadin), Technology (dr. Akkelies van Nes and DI Alexander Wandl) and Theory (Dr. ir. Stephen Read and Prof. dr. Wil Zonneveld) concerned with Urban Networks and their societal and economic implications. http://www.emurbanism.eu 002 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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0. PREFACE

EMU 2015-2016

About Us and the Studio The EMU 2015/16 group was composed of a diverse set of students and professionals, with distinct backgrounds within and outside the architecture and urbanism frame. The group of fourteen had a blend of ten different cultures, traditions and perspectives, ranging from Europe, to Asia, to South America and Oceania.

This heterogeneous environment lead to an intense semester of knowledge exchange influx of new understandings on strategic planning, urban design and policy making. The 2015/16 EMU group was challenged to propose a Strategic Vision for the South Randstad region, within the context of the Next Economy.

Together, we shared our own experiences on urban studies, governance models and city-inhabitant relationships. In parallel, we emerged ourselves in researching and experiencing the Dutch design and planning culture, economy and production sectors.

The EMU 2015/16 group could be described as a combination of professionals with various backgrounds, but a common passion and confidence that the practice of urban research, design and planning, when addressed alongside social concerns, in addition to customary economically driven approaches, can lead to fruitful and resilient environments, full of potentials and opportunities.

With this spirit, the EMU group addressed the challenge of proposing a Strategic Vision for the South Randstad region within the context of The Next Economy.

The former being a new economic, manufacturing and transacting setup in the making.

The semester focused on research of urban theories and practices that could auxiliate in strengthening the Zuidvleugel, highlighting its influence on local and global contexts. All in all, the main objective was to provide conditions for a resilient environment able to withstand economic and social changes in the making. The main challenge of the group was to depict the region’s strengths, opportunities, threats and challenges and identify which sectors needed strategic interventions in order to achieve the group’ s proposed vision.

The theoretical framework, site analysis, vision proposal, strategies and punctual intervention will be presented and further detailed throughout this booklet.

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0. PREFACE

EMU 2015-2016

Studio time

ExcurSion TIME

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EMU 2015-16

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South Randstad Satellite Photo Source: Bing Map

CONTENTS

004

0. Preface: Introduction of EMU

010

I. South Wing Randstad Introduction

012

II. Theoretical Framework

014

III. Existing Policies and Strategies

024

IV. S.W.O.T Analyses

030

V. Challenges

031

VI. Strategic Approach

052

VII. The Next Economy Analyses

060

VIII. Environment 1: Urban Fabrics

106

IX. Environment 2: [Post]Industrial Milieux

118

X. Environment 3: Landscapes XI. Intervention Projects

134

XI.1 Intervention Site 1: Leiden

144

XI.2 Intervention Site 2: Den Haag - Westland

178

XI.3 Intervention Site 3: Delft - Midden Delfland

200

XI.4 Intervention Site 4: Rotterdam

230

XI.5 Intervention Site 5: Port of Rotterdam

246

XI.6 Intervention Site 6: Dordrecht

254

XII. Conclusion

256

XIII. References

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I. SITE INTRODUCTION

SITE BASIC RESEARCH

The Zuidvleugel The Netherlands is a densely populated country located in Western Europe, with almost seventeen million inhabitants. The country has a strong economy, with powerhouse agents and companies in agri-food, logistics, chemical, oil and research, among others, composing the seventeenth largest economy worldwide.

ECONOMIC CONTEXT These explain the country’s significance and strategic location within the global economic setup, as the world’s second largest exporter and as a leader in the production, innovation, knowledge and creative sectors.

Additionally, the Netherlands is considered one of the best living environments in the world, ranked as the forth country with the highest human development index by the United Nations.

SOUTH RANDSTAD IN THE WORLD Source of data: government.nl/ portofrotterdam.com South Randstad Main Trade Destinations ZUIDVLEUGEL’S RENOWNED KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTES AND COMPANIES

Leiden

Den Haag

Zoetermeer Gouda

Delft

Rotterdam

Main Immigrant Places of Origin

The South Randstad (Zuidvleugel) is a thriving region, producing 25% of the country’s GNP and one of the main responsible for most of the country’s industrial, logistic, trading, services and knowledge sectors. The region is a poly-nuclei metropolitan area composed by the main cities of Rotterdam, Den Haag, Delft, Leiden and Dordrecht. It has a population of almost four million people and is home to the largest port in Europe, to top international companies and to renowned research and knowledge institutions.

SOUTH RANDSTAD CENTERS AND NETWORKS Cities

Drecht Cities

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Train Stations | Stops Metro Stations | Stops Tram Stations | Stops

Train Tracks Metro Tracks Tram Tracks Roads Urbanised Areas

These urban centres are connected by a complex network that allows for various mobility infrastructures and flows. However, the governance system in the region is structured mainly by individual municipal agents, acting locally rather than on strategies and policies regarding the Zuidvleugel as one metropolitan region.

Nevertheless, shifts on the Dutch governance and decision making systems have enabled more horizontal approaches and intertwined strategies for regions englobing several cities, such as in the case of the Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag Strategy.

From our analysis and understanding of the region’s potentials and challenges, we believe that the reinforcement of the South Randstad as one metropolitan region will improve the exchange of knowledge and know-how within the these centres, attract diverse investments

DRAMATIC CHANGE OF THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT

and initiatives, foster innovative and sustainable systems, optimize production patterns, increase jobs opportunities and enhance the region’s resilience towards upcoming economic shifts and ongoing trends.

The global economic context has gone through severe changes, ranging from the Traditional Subsistence Economy, to a New Economy based on services and to a Knowledge Economy based on added value goods through knowledge.

Nonetheless, changes and new trends are already influencing the current economic context, leading to a future scenario of a NEXT ECONOMY. The EMU 2016/16 group aimed at understanding the global economic timeline, in order to foresee future challenges and opportunities for the Netherlands and especially for the South Randstad region in the context of THE NEXT ECONOMY.

Marginalisation of national borders: free flow of capital, goods, people and information.

Knowledge based economy, miniaturisation of production & digitalisation: marginalisation of human manpower as a factor & customised mass production.

‘Ecologisation’ of economy: externalities and environmental issues as productive factors.

Metropolitan regions as areas of consumption, life-style and recreation.

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II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Resilient Long-term Approach

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Next Economy From the research and understanding of solidified and emerging trends, a broad definition was elaborated on what we consider the Next Economy to be and what are the challenges for The South Randstad to coup and prosper within this transitioning.

A set of theoretical references were examined in an attempt to foresee the character of the Next Economy. Consequently, a long-term approach on how to best deal with these changes was proposed.

It is essential to highlight that we do not, by any means, suggest that the Next Economy is a blend of all these diverse theoretical frameworks. On the contrary, we foresee the Next Economy as presenting or depending on specific characters identified within some of these theories. Other theoretical frameworks presented were crucial for the definition of values and goals we believe are essential in order to help direct the Next Economy in the South Randstad towards a social inclusiveness, fairness, opportunities and bottom-top initiatives.

THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK “(…)re-using, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products.

What used to be regarded as ‘waste’ can be turned into a resource. The aim is to look beyond waste and to close the loop of the circular economy.”

Technology & Infrastructure

Circular Economy

“(…) infrastructures are largely responsible for the sense of stability of life in the developed world, the feeling that things work, and will go on working, without the need for thought or action on the part of users beyond paying the monthly bill.”

Source: Paul Edwards

Source: European Comission

“(…) one in which the generation and exploitation of knowledge has come to play the predominant part in the creation of wealth. It is not simply about pushing back the frontiers of knowledge; it is also about the most effective use and exploitation of all types of knowledge in all manner of economic activity”

Knowledge Economy

Governance

Source: Yannis Papadopoulos quoting Pierre (2000)

Source: Ian Brinkley quating the DTI Competitiveness White Paper 1998

“The Sharing Economy is the value in taking underutilized assets and making them accessible online to a community, leading to a reduced need for ownership of those assets.”

Sharing Economy

Urban Theories

“Human development involves removing the barriers that hold people back in their freedom to act. It is about enabling the disadvantaged and excluded to (…) be heard and to become active agents in shaping their destiny.“

Source: Alex Stephany

“(...) [Jane] Jacobs stresses the importance of urban diversity. Her argument is that diversity foster cross-fertilization of ideas.”

Source: Stuart S. Rosenthal refering Jacobs (1969)

“Governance as a particular style of governing refers to sustaining coordination and coherence among a wide variety of actors with different purposes and objectives such as political actors and institutions, corporate interests, civil society, and transnational governments”

Source: HDR 2014, United Nations

Economies of Urbanization

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Resilience

“A (…) system is resilient when it can absorb temporary or permanent shocks and adapt to quickly changing conditions without compromising its stability.”

Source: World Economic Forum Nations

The following statements clarify the understanding and framework of THE NEXT ECONOMY that will be addressed through this booklet and that has guided the overall vision for the Zuidvleugel region, as well as the metropolitan strategies and local interventions.

THE NEXT ECONOMY 1. Will be characterized by a knowledge and creativity based productiveness 2. In order to achieve global competitiveness, sustainability and social cohesion, it requires a social-economic reconfiguration of the current linear making and consuming patterns towards efficient circular processes

4. Due to its need for local integration and its affinity with urban dynamics, spatial configurations will have a crucial role in fostering or halting its development 5. As an economic frame under formation, it can be shape towards fairness, openness to participation and resilience

3. It will rely on technology driven networks that enable local collaboration while still fostering entrepreneurial freedom RESILIENT LONG-TERM APPROACH In order to prepare the South Randstad region for future changes of the Next Economy and in order to build not only a resilient region, but also a networked environment of opportunities, diversity and social fairness, we propose the following actions. We also propose a guiding equation in which the economic outputs of knowledge, creativity and production must be optimized and fostered, at the same time that input factors such as waste of resource, low connectivity and social exclusion must be minimized.

POOLING FORCES: Understand the South Randstad Region as one single but fractal metropolitan area ATTRACT & CONNECT: Improve the use and systems within specific environments (Attract) Enhance interaction between different environments (Connect) STRATEGIC PROJECTS: Minor interventions based on the local context as seeds for further development

Research Know-How

+

INCREASE

Knowledge

PRODUCTIVITY =

-

Diversity Re-arrangement

Creativity

Transformation Creation

Productive Places

ECONOMIC OUTPUT INPUT FACTORS

Resources

Connectivity

People

Saving & Recycling Renewables

Accessibility Duration

Immigration Inclusion

REDUCE WASTE

REGIONAL RESILIENCE: Global reach as an attractive Metropolitan Region DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft 013

III. EXISTING POLICIES & STRATEGIES

FRAMEWORK STUDY

Existing Policies & Strategies First of all, to have a better idea of what is already there, we made an overall research about the existed policies and strategies of the recent years in different scales and aspects.

We looked through the documents from European Union to local governments, discovered that there plenty of wisdoms already. Then, based on them we can build our notions of the key issues regarding spatial planning for the South Randstad.

We approached them from the aspects of environment, economy, and society.

Sources: -- HORIZON 2020 -- SUMMARY NATIONAL POLICY STRATEGY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING -- GLOBAL CHALLENGES 2014-2020 -- A LONG-TIME PORT OF CALL AND HOME TO IMMIGRANTS 1970-2015 -- DUTCH SOCIAL HOUSING IN A NUTSHELL 1970-2013 -- QUALITY IN DIVERSITY 2010-2025 -- THE DUTCH CULTURAL SYSTEM 2013-2016 -- MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT REPORT 2001-2010 -- KEY PLANNING DECISION SPACE FOR THE RIVER 2001-2016 -- PORT VISION 2011-2030 -- NATIONAL WATER PLAN -- QUALITY IN DIVERSITY -- WASTE POLICY FROM WASTE TO RAW

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III. EXISTING POLICIES & STRATEGIES

GENERAL POLICIES & STRATEGIES

GENERAL POLICIES & STRATEGIES Generally, the polycentrical urban from of Randstad is a legacy of the 1950s. Now that most of the cities are under pressures of urban growth, according to Randstad 2040, the governments knows quite well the draw backs of polycentricity. It makes them unable to grow, difficult to increase competitiveness, and also causing segregation of several communities.

[General]

However, instead of merging cities to become a big metropolitan such as London or New York, the NL decided to remain its polycentricity characteristic of urban development.

But it is also clear that the traditional image of a ring of cities around a green heart needs to be changed. For example, to solve the problems like urban growth, it will intensify the existed urban functions, especially around transport & knowledge institution junctionsand at the same time avoid urban sprawl. For example 40% of the future housing needs must be fulfilled in the existed urban scopes.

Linking the green & blue as an networks to increase livability, as well as linking the economic and urban networks to increase accessibility, and thus to attract more highly educated people.

General Overview of Policies Source: Author Illustration

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III. EXISTING POLICIES & STRATEGIES

ECONOMIC ASPECT

[Economic]

ECONOMIC ASPECT In the economic aspect, in respond to the European Challenges, the Netherlands has put 9 sectors as top investments in order to keep the country in the leading position of being the top 5 among the most innovative economies in the EU. The top sectors includes horticulture, water, high-tech systems, energy, creative industry, and so on.

Collaboration between education, research, as well as entrepreneurship creates the foundation for the ultimate goal of prosperity. This is strategically planned through the process of strengthening the earning capacity and economic growth potential.

Moreover, these sectors respond actively to the current challenges identified by European Union, concerning regional, national and global economic competitiveness, as well as provide more opportunities for startup investments, and attract more highly educated people.

Economic Policies Source: Author Illustration

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III. EXISTING POLICIES & STRATEGIES

SOCIAL ASPECT

[Social]

SOCIAL ASPECT For the social aspect, the Dutch government aims to make cities more attractive to tourists, business, highly educated internationals, and residences in order to also ensures the accessibility of culture, using culture as part of international relations.

The good international position leads to the attraction of immigrants and thus their integration has to be taken in account. This aspect can be achieved through policies that refer to: -- The Housing quality betterment and overall living environment -- The Encouragement of the participation of the resident-immigrants in the community life.

-- The supply of Facilitates for the temporary high skilled workers -- The increase of the education level of the existing low skilled immigrants.

The Netherlands is in the top 5th among the most innovative economy in EU, The reinforcement of the social and economic utility of art and design disciplines by creating policies that ensure collaboration of different actors on the market in order to support the assets of the county (film distribution & screening, public libraries, talent development, cultural entrepreneurship) Social Policies Source: Author Illustration

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III. EXISTING POLICIES & STRATEGIES

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

[Environmental]

ECONOMIC ASPECT Environmentally, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environmentset the Ambition 2030 to achieve three goals: making the region the best protected delta, the smart cities, and third, the leader in sustainable waste management. (Mainly four of the key sectors will be supporting following projects.)

The governments of different levels, water authorities and private companies work together in the Delta Programs. One of the key project, Room for the River, allows more spaces for rivers to flood, which not only enhances security and resilience. More importantly, the regional spacial planning began to embrace the dynamic uncertainty of nature.

Other issues include the reduction of greenhouse gas emission by 40%, recycling the wastes to produce biomass or other raw materials, and encouraging sustainable energy investments.

Environment Policies Source: Author Illustration

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IV. GENERAL SWOT [ STRENGTHS ] WIND SPEED WATER SYSTEM GREEN BUFFER

[ WEAKNESSES ] FLOOD RISK POLLUTION &URBAN HEAT BROWNFIELD LACK OF GREEN SPACE FOR LEISURE

[ OPPORTUNITIES ] WATER NETWORK SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INNOVATION IN LAND MANAGEMENT INTACT GREEN BUFFER & URBAN

[ THREATS ] CLIMATE CHANGE - HIGH SUMMER TEMPERATURE RAINFALL INCREASE/ SEA LEVEL RISE SOIL POLLUTION - DE-FERTILISATION, SUBSIDENCE, DESERTIFICATION URBAN HEAT ISLAND

SWOT Analysis ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT In terms of environment, the wind resource and well-developed water systems are no doubt strengths of the region. The green buffers between cities due to polycentricity more or less prevents urban sprawl, and provides great chances for approaching nature and green.

However, admittedly, the green spaces right now offer too little in terms of quality and quantity for recreation or release for urban congestion. It now only served as a green belt that separates cities apart, and sometimes even caused segregation of several neighborhoods. Other environmental weaknesses of the South Wing are the fact that it suffers quite serious flooding risks, and that it is inevitably influenced by both external and internal port activities, leaving problems such as pollution, abandoned port areas and brown fields.

Nevertheless, there are great opportunities for linking the green and blue belt as a network in order to enhance livability. The advancing technology also offered opportunities to turn waste into energy. For example, here we see the already installed pipelines for waste heat reuse and transportation.

There are, of course, threats that we could not ignore. Due to the notorious climate change, the increasing uncertainty of rainfalls, extreme wethers, soil subsidence, and possibilities of sea level rise, all threatened the land urgently.

S.W.O.T Analysis for Environment Source: Author illustration based on GIS Data

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[ STRENGTHS ]

Mobility Knowledge hub Core market Central train station

INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESSIBILITY HIGH-TECH KNOWLEDGE HUBS GLOBAL NETWORKS

Economy network Global network

[ WEAKNESSES ] City Poly-centricity Connection > 50000 30000 - 50000 20000 - 30000 10000 - 20000

CONGESTION POLYCENTRICITY MOBILITY COSTS OFFSHORING COMPETITION

5000 - 10000

[ OPPORTUNITIES ]

Green house

Rotterdam airport

Companies Cluster Water bus route

WATERWAYS ECONOMIC DIVERSITY INNOVATION FOOD PRODUCTION ROTTERDAM AIRPORT ATTRACT TALENT

IV. GENERAL SWOT

SWOT ANALYSIS ECONOMIC ASPECT South Wing Randstad has a strong diverse economy based on Rotterdam port, the gateway to Europe, and industries related to this: manufacturing, logistics. The region is well connected to the larger world and Europe through air, sea, road and rail. It has a catchment area of 200 million inhabitants and it is part of the so called Blue Banana, the economic core of Europe. The Hague houses numerous international institutions and has a strong global influence.

Despite its strong economy, the South Wing is congested, polluted and faces high mobility costs due to its polycentric structure. Its indusries are in risk of off-shoring and facing ever higher competition from abroad.

Future opportunities are related to the knowledge economy which is based on the world-reputed universities in Leiden, Delft and Rotterdam; diversification of the economy, attraction of foreign talent and innovation. The region is resilient in food and energy production.

The main threats on the horizon are losing competitivity and failing to improve productivity and attract innovation; flood risk and decline of the petrochemical industry; unemployment is still high in Rotterdam Zuid area.

[ THREATS ] Agriculture area Food Production Petrochemical industry

DECLINE OF PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY FOOD SECURITY FLOOD SECURITY POOR LOCAL CONNECTIONS UNEMPLOYMENT S.W.O.T Analysis for Environment Source: Author illustration based on GIS Data

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IV. GENERAL SWOT [ STRENGTHS ]

Facilities & Services for immigrants Low-skilled level

ETHNIC DIVERSITY

Medium-skilled level

ATTRACTORGENERATOR

Fig.1 Level of Population Education

High-skilled level Employed

SKILLED WORKFORCE EQUALITY COHESION TOLERANCE IDENTITY

IDENTITY

Unemployed Social Assistance

[ WEAKNESSES ]

Fig.2 Working Population

ENCLAVISATION UMEPLOYMENT UNEQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION RADICALISATION BRAIN DRAIN

N-W vs. Dutch Population High density- 50% Medium density- 30% Medium density- 15% Small density- 5%

ENERGY CREATIVE INDUSTRY CHEMICALS AGRO&FOOD WATER LOGISTICS LIFE SCIENCE&HEALTH HIGH-TECH SYSTEMS HORTICULTURE

Knowledge clusters High-educated employees In Top sectors - 94% HOUSEHOLDS BROADBAND CONNECTION

60

40

20

[ OPPORTUNITIES ] DIGITALISED SOCIETY GLOBAL NETWORKS KNOWLEDGE ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNIVERSITIES

0%

[ THREATS ]

Level of income/neighborhood >24,600E 22,100-24,600 20,200-22,00

SWOT ANALYSIS SOCIAL ASPECT South Wing Randstad has a dynamic, young population of various ethnicities and skill levels.

It offers tolerance to all minorities and refugees.

Rotterdam is a catalyst of social mobility and attracts people through its opportunities. Delft and Leiden house high skilled professionals and academics, while The Hague has a rich expat community attracted by the international institutions. However, the region struggles to retain talented individuals on the long term, and as a result tries to improve its liveability and attractiveness.

The population is very digitalised and connected to the global networks and thus can profit from the rising sharing economy. The share of high skilled individuals is rising and productivity attracts more talented youth. The region has a good climate for entrepreneurs from around the world.

Rising immigration is a long term challenge, but is indispensable given the ageing local population.

Immigrant communities face enclavisation due to unemployment, social housing, unequal access to education and lack of role models. The increasing population faces a shortage of affordable quality housing. Animosities between immigrants and locals are present but rare.

IMMIGRATION AGEING HOUSING SHORTAGE ETHNIC CONFLICTS

Dutch Westerns Nonwesterns

Fig.3 Population in Education-ethnic group

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S.W.O.T Analysis for Environment Source: Author illustration based on GIS Data

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V. CHALLENGES

VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

CHALLENGES

MAIN APPROACHES

The South Wing Randstad in the Next Economy

Main Directions of Strategy Port & Industrial Regeneration

What is future of work in an automated production?

Where do all the jobs come from (especially for low-skilled people)?

Knowledge Sprawl

What kind of skills will people need and how can the region´s economy take advantage of local and global talents?

C Footage.framepool.com

How can social cohesion and fair opportunities be guaranteed in this context of economic shift?

Local Food System

How will benefits generated by machines be distributed?

What will be the industries of the future?

How can local economies and societies adapt to technological change?

Social & Economic Cohesion

How can the South Wing Randstad transform to accommodate new technologies?

How can an innovative metropolitan paradigm be formed embracing the Dutch tradition of collaboration and sustainability?

C dreamstime.com

Green Buffers

How can sustainable development be fostered in the context of the Next Economy?

How can environmental concerns be tackled?

Multi-scale Room for Water

Which kind of (infrastructural) projects should be in the focus?

Which of them have the highest priority?

Where should (public) investments be realized?

Decentralised Energy System

How can private investors be attracted?

Are Metropolitan regions competing against each other?

C Port of Rotterdam

How can cities & places become attractive?

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Image sources (in order from above): porttechnology.org; bioethics.com; rotterdam.nl; denhaag.nl; groenehart.nl; deltacommissaris.nl; citymetric.com

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INTEGRATION WITH THE CITY

TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL SPACE

Industrial areas

ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL SPACES

PORT & INDUSTRIAL REGENERATION

TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL SPACES

VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

Shifting port

START-UPS

BUSINESS DISTRICT

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

BIKING TRAIL

WATERFRONT PUBLIC SPACE

HEAVY PORT

SPATIAL INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

Main objective: Reusing buildings and increasing the attractivity of areas with post-industrial brownfields Qualities of the locations: Westward shifting port, insecure future of industrial areas, favorable productive conditions, manufacturing tradition, low liveability, high accessibility Types of interventions: Leisure activities, retail, green areas, housing 032 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

LIVEABLE PRODUCTIVE PORT DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft 033

VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

KNOWLEDGE SPRAWL Technical sciences Health sciences Economics, law and social sciences

SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION

HOME-BASED

3D-PRINTING

CO-WORKING

Knowledge centres sprawl

UNIVERSITIES CAFES

START-UPS HUBS

KNOWLEDGE

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

MULTI-SCALE KNOWLEDGE ECOSYSTEM Main objectives: Encouraging the main science and research centres to spread over surrounding area and sharing the achievements within the region’s economy Qualities of the locations: Unrealized potential for partnership concepts, complementary research focus Types of interventions: Outsourced research institutes, co-founded incubators, collaborative education, on-site research, universities and enterprises partnership 034 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM Global food system

FOOD-RELATED START-UPS

LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTS

URBAN AGRICULTURE

REUSE FORMER INDUSTRIAL SPACE FOR FOOD PROCESSING

FOOD SCIENCE

Agricultural area

TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE

Local food system

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

GLOBAL TO LOCAL FOOD ECOSYSTEM Main objectives: Enhancing the local scale of the food system by establishing direct distribution and integrating value-adding production steps Qualities of the locations: Small scale and more sustainable food production, resilience of agricultural sector, empowerment of local consumers, food security, glocal food production Types of interventions: Local food markets, collaborative food processing spaces 036 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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SOCIAL & ECONOMIC COHESION Neighborhoods with relatively few jobs and: Large population Large non-western immigrant population Existing start-up hubs

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

CO-OP

RESIDENTIAL ZONE

COHESION

Potential local incubators

3D PRINTING

ACCULTURATION

Main objectives: Spreading diverse economic activities in coherence with cultural heritage in disadvantaged areas while stimulating social cohesion

EDUCATION

LOCAL MARKETS

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

ETHNIC DIVERSITY

CRISSCROSSING COMMUNITIES

Qualities of the locations: Segregated south Rotterdam, high liveability factors, unrealized economic potentials, dormant opportunities of cultural heritage Types of interventions: community-led schools, shared workspaces for young entrepreneurs or immigrants 038 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

GREEN BUFFERS Green buffer Transition areas

AGRICULTURE ZONE

PROPOSED GREEN FILTER

RING ROAD

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

EXISTING URBAN FABRIC

Transition areas

ENHANCING OUTDOOR ACTIVITY

Green buffer

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

THE GREEN BUFFER AS FRONT GARDEN Main objectives: Maintaining and enforcing the green buffers between urbanized areas Qualities of the locations: Recycling of existing urban fabric, sustainable use of resources, protection of the environment, recreational space for the population, floodable green public spaces Types of interventions: Create parks at urban borders serving as floodable zones, improve spatial conditions for brownfields as alternative 040 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

MULTI-SCALE ROOM FOR WATER

Water body (river & canals) Salty

Fresh

Flooding depth 0 to -0.2m -0.2 to -0.5m -0.5 to -0.8m -0.8 to -2.0m -2.0 to -5.0m > -0.5m Potential areas for water treatment Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

FUNCTIONAL WATERSCAPE Main objectives: Promoting 4 types of water treatment according to the character of the built environment Qualities of the locations: Water management tradition, Maas and Rhine, port, canals, irrigation, water sports Types of interventions: Introduce water squares in university campuses and other non-historic urban areas 042 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

DECENTRALISED ENERGY SYSTEM Waste heat production Incinerator Wind turbine Biomass production area

URBAN INTERVENTIONS AS RECYCLING PROCESS

SOLAR PANELS IN PUBLIC SPACES

ENERGY PRODUCTION IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS

SOLAR FARMS

GREEN FILTER

LIVING PLANTS GENERATING ENERGY

ALGAE CULTIVATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION PLANT

OFFSHORE WIND FARMS

Potential urban areas for energy producing

Data sourced from CBS data 2012/2013

SCALES OF INTEGRATED ENERGY PRODUCTION Main objectives: Building up a decentralized smart energy grid and increasing efficient use of renewable energies Qualities of the locations: Less dependency from fossil fuels, energy security, development of alternative energy sources, governance of new projects, preservation of the landscape Types of interventions: Producer-consumer households, urban areas as energy producers 044 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

SUMMARY PORT & INDUSTRIAL REGENERATION

KNOWLEDGE SPRAWL

LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM

SOCIAL & ECONOMIC COHESION

GREEN BUFFERS

MULTI-SCALE ROOM FOR WATER

DECENTRALISED ENERGY SYSTEM

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

ATTRACT & CONNECT: ENVIRONMENT SPECIFIC STRATEGIES FROM a loose network of places TO a Metropolitan Region

Environment specific strategies

Attract & Connect Currently the region is characterized by a set of different and poorly interconnected environments and segregated systems (as shown in the figure on the right side), which hinders the overall economic development and potential of success as one integrated metropolitan region.

Therefore, the strategical approach contains two main components:

-- Improve the spatial conditions within a specific area or environment based on the local context (Attract)

-- Enhance the interactions between different areas or environments to increase their interaction and the resilience of the region as a whole (Connect)

While each particular site is different and requires a tailor-made intervention, there are general strategies for each environment (as shown in the figure above).

Actual situation: Poor interaction of different environments and segregated systems

The production and exchange of knowledge, the key driver of innovation, needs to become the backbone of the region and the central connecting element.

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VI. STRATEGIC APPROACHES

INTEGRATED STRATEGIES Attract & Connect

-- Improve the spatial conditions within a particular area based on the specific context to enhance the local economic activities and the communities´ living conditions -- Enhance the interconnectivity between different economic clusters and communities. Focus in particular on the edges between different environments and amplify the use of existing systems (water, road, bike).

-- Establish an intra-region point-to point public transport system complementary to the global hub & spoke system.

Strategic Projects

-- Promote (minor) interventions at key sites with high expected leverage on surrounding dynamics. Propose seed investment for further development.

Gain of Momentum

-- Trigger local dynamics and private initiatives deriving from success of strategic projects.

Education Network as Backbone

-- Link the strong (academic) knowledge centres of the region better between them and integrate them fully into the local economic ecosystem. Skim the full potential of local talents, cause perspectives for every individual and secure social peace and cohesion ---

Fractal Metropolitan Region

-- Advocate a integrated but fractal metropolitan region as one global player. Fractal in that sense refers to the repetition of similar but not necessarily identic elements at different scales to build a modular and complementary system of urban specialization but to maintain the local identity at the same time.

E Pluribus Unum

-- Acknowledge that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts Different economic specialization and living environment enables the region to provide a more diverse offer to attract local and foreign talents. This stimulates creativity and innovation which feeds back positively on the resilience towards (economic) transformation and attractiveness of the region as a whole.

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a connected fractal Metropolitan Region

Strategy for an metropolitan region of intra- & interconnected environments

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VII. THE NEXT ECONOMY ANALYSES

THE NEXT ECONOMY

THREE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

A Resilient Long-term Approach

+

INCREASE

Research

Know-How

Knowledge

PRODUCTIVITY =

-

Resources

Diversity

Re-arrangement

Creativity

Transformation

Creation

Productive places

ECONOMIC OUTPUT INPUT FACTORS Connectivity

People

REDUCE WASTE Saving & Recycling

Renewables

Accessiblility

Duration

Immigration Inclusion

From our understanding of the next economy we elaborated our vision for the South Wing Randstad in 2040, which highlights the well-being of communities and the environment as the ultimate goal and the economy as the tool to get there.

We are sure that, to achieve this vision, a sustainably successful metropolitan region has to focus more on its own productivity driven by its strengths deriving from the local context than irrational competitiveness against others. In the end it´s not about countries or region competing about being the best, but more about finding for each of them the right mix to position themselves as attractive places for its own inhabitants and talents around the world.

In that sense we see productivity as the economic output divided by input factors. This general economic quotient in the case of a region has to be seen 1. with a long-term horizon and 2. with a wide scope including the entire society, economy and the environment.

As shown in figure, this means that while the drivers for the economic output have to be increased, at the same time the waste of the input resources has to be reduced. Due to the high interdependence of the quotient, working only on the improvement of some of the factors on the cost of others cannot improve the overall productivity. One side is useless without the other one.

Unbuilt areas: Land-SCAPES

Urban fabric: Pop-Ups and Links

(Post-)Industrial sites: Resilient productive places Illustration of the three different spatial environments

In 2040 the South wing of the Randstad will be one integrated innovative, inclusive and sustainable metropolitan region.

The local economy will embrace new technologies while still being rooted in existing traditions of design and manufacturing.

It will pioneer new typologies of practices, workplaces and social interactions. Integration between education and production will generate a knowledge sprawl across society.

The ultimate goal is to safeguard the well-being of communities and the environment, ensuring a fair development through sustainable measures.

While a detailed analysis of the factors will follow in the next section, the region contains three different spatial environments, which need to be considered as distinguish but interconnected productive places: 1. Unbuilt areas 2. Urban fabrics 3. (Post-)Industrial sites 052 DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2015-16 EMU TUDelft

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VII. THE NEXT ECONOMY ANALYSES

INPUT FACTORS

Water network Thermal power plant for District heating Existing reuse of waste heat source

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS --Transformation of petrochemical industry & potential for renewable energy production

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

--Smooth climatic conditions --Water as dominant element

Realized In preparation

--(Soil-)Pollution & Brownfields Water as dominant element (Soil-)Pollution & Brownfields

HEAT TRANSPORTATION

Potential Existing Under construction Possible in Future

Maps done by group based data shown in SWOT

Reducing the waste of (natural) resources refers in particular to the use fewer material in the production processes and the recycling of as many of them afterwards.

Taking advantage renewable resources supported by new technologies is a key factor for a sustainable economic structure.

Resources

The region (and in particular the port area) is characterized by a strong focus on a petrochemical industry, currently undergoing a process of structural transformation but also by opportunities for the production of renewable energies. (e.g. biomass) The historically gained expertise in water management provides also productive possibilities (e.g. tidal energy) There are challenges of polluted soil and brownfield regeneration resulting from the heavily industrialized past.

City Poly-centricity Connection > 50000 30000 - 50000 20000 - 30000 10000 - 20000 5000 - 10000

Maps done by group based data shown in SWOT

Level of income/neighborhood > 24,600E 22,100 – 24,600 20,200 – 22,00

Low-skilled level High-skilled level

The generally good infrastructural systems are well Connectivity integrated into global networks.

--Network of cities vs Network-city: Hub & Spoke public transport system instead of point to poin connections

However, the public transport works mostly as a hub & spoke system. To provide the region as one metropolitan region internal point to point connections need to be enhanced

--Local dominance of bike routes Water as dominant element (Soil-)Pollution & Brownfields

Bike routes are well developed on the local scale, but lack regional integration.

--3.6 million inhabitants with high ethnic and cultural diversity & challenges for inclusion

The region as a whole achieves the critical mass for population of an attractive metropolitan area, containing a high ethnic and cultural diversity.

--Polarized society & workforce

However, challenges for a better inclusion remain. The socioeconomic structure and composition of the workforce are highly polarized.

--Large (short-term) expat communities

Level of Education

Medium-skilled level

--Good infrastructure and global networks

--Shortage of public spaces for leisure (urban & green)

Dutch Westerns Non-westerns

Population in Educationethnic group

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1

--(Soil-)Pollution & Brownfields --Water as dominant element Maps done by group based data shown in SWOT

--(Soil-)Pollution & Brownfields

People

Large expat communities (in particular in the large urban areas) attract talents from all around the world, but tend to integrate themselves poorly into the local communities.

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VII. THE NEXT ECONOMY ANALYSES

ECONOMIC ECOSYSTEM DRIVERS FOR ECONOMIC OUTPUT

Knowledge Companies in the region*

Important clusters*

Due to the smooth climatic conditions and efficient processes the region contains a very productive agricultural sector, which is located outside the densely urbanized areas. The sector is organized in small companies who provide work to a relative small group of people.

Creativity

Productive places

Education Network Jobs 35 000 Urban environment (example: Westland)*

Agriculture Companies 6 000 Jobs 36 000

Educational Focus Technical sciences Health sciences Economics, law and social sciences

Companies in the region*

Important clusters*

Especially around the port area the logistics sector is a very important employer, but wholesale and logistics companies are spread around the entire region. Due to its requirement for large lots most sites are located outside the urbanized areas, while the administrative offices of the big companies are found the city centre.

Companies in the region*

Important clusters*

The large manufacturing companies are located on the edges of the cities, where they find good connection with the large infrastructures and accessibility for goods. Regarding jobs this is still one of the main sectors in the region.

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Urban environment (example: Rotterdam)*

Wholesale & Logisitcs Companies 5 500 Jobs 110 000

Urban environment (example: Leiden)*

Manufacturing Companies 5 800 Jobs 150 000

Educational institutions in the region*

To enhance the economic output, goods and service of solid quality need to be produced, which in addition to that need to be demanded on local or global markets. In a rapid changing globalized world, the development of such products requires a combination of local knowledge (academic research and practically acquired know-how) and creativity (deriving from social diversity and openness to rearrange existing things in a new way). But also adequate productive places are crucial in this context.

Space as a resource needs to be used efficiently and provide good productive conditions. This means the improvement of existing sites, the transformation of obsolete industrial or commercial areas and if required the creation of new productive environments.

The region is home of a group of world class universities with different and highly complementary scopes that need to improve their interaction with each other and the connection to the local economy.

But education is not only an essential productive factor but also an important provider of jobs in the region.

In the following an analysis of the economic ecosystem will help to get a better understanding of the region´s economy. An overview of the most important “species” shows their relevance and their different spatial requirements, which is crucial in order to improve the overall productive conditions.

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VII. THE NEXT ECONOMY ANALYSES

ECONOMIC ECOSYSTEM

Companies in the region*

Important clusters*

Medical and science companies are located closely to each other in highly specialized clusters and near to knowledge institutions such as universities. As main employer and focused on future technologies this industry is one of the region´s most important factor for the next economy.

Companies in the region*

Important clusters*

Despite huge public attention jobwise the creative industries are a relative small factor. They are strongly concentrated in the centres of the urban areas, while small companies are found all over the region.

However, they have a strong spillover effect for the success of other (more traditional) economic sectors.

Urban environment (example: Leiden)*

Companies in the region*

Medical & Science Companies Jobs

32 800 250 000

Urban environment (example: Rotterdam)*

4 000 25 000

Important clusters*

Knowledge

Access (goods)

Important clusters*

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry appears to be quite polarized. Beside many very small (micro) companies all over the region, a few big companies in or close to the urban areas are the main provider of jobs. The industry´s importance will increase in the future of the digitalization age.

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Space

Urban environment (example: Delft)*

ICT Companies Jobs

6 600 87 000

Business Companies Jobs

Access (people)

Low Price

Urban

35 000 150 000

Urban environment (example: Den Haag)*

Startup companies of all industries play an important role for the next economy. While they are practically located in all kind of environments of the region, they are mostly located in the dense urban areas, where also most of the incubators and co-working spaces are.

Spatial Requirement

Companies in the region*

Urban environment (example: Den Haag)*

The business sector (here in particular financial services and consulting) is organized polarized in the region. While there are many small companies in the entire region, the most important companies are located in the business districts of the two largest cities of the region: Den Haag and Rotterdam.

Companies in the region*

Creative Companies Jobs

Important clusters*

Incubators & Co-working

Startup Hubs > 30

The understand how much the spatial requirements of the different economic sectors differ the figure on the left side represents the needs of each of the most important industries in the region. The more outside the graph goes for each category the more importance this factor has in this case.

Business (Banking, Consulting etc.)

Manufacturing Urban Manufactring Med. / Science Creative ICT Logistics / Wholesale

* All maps done by the group based on GIS data provided by TU Delft

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN FABRIC:

Pop-Ups and Links

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION Leiden

The first type of environment in the South Wing Randstad is the urban environment. Since most of the region is urbanised, by urban we mean compactly inhabited areas. Our research was focused on the four main urban centres of Leiden, The Hague, Delft and Rotterdam. Each city has its own characteristics, so in order to understand them we built a framework of research topics based on:

-- knowledge clusters and creative hubs; -- centres of urban activity (commercial, cultural, leisure green, sports);

-- productive and industrial areas within cities; -- spatial barriers such as rivers, canals, railways, motorways or

The Hague

wide avenues;

-- areas of social segregation based on ethnicity, income, unemployment, house ownership type.

The methodology used is gathering data from existing land use maps and databases from CBS, websites of municipalities and institutions, site visits, Google street view, governmental strategies; analysing and comparing data with ArcGIS, Depthmap, hand drawn and digital maps.

Delft

The map on the left shows the knowledge clusters and creative hubs in yellow. These areas are well interconnected by large infrastructures and act on the global scene. This is the place where the knowledge economy developed and prospers.

Rotterdam

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Our main research question is where will the next economy happen. Will it be in the knowledge hubs or in industrial parks?

In central business districts or in low income neighbourhoods?

Will it preserve the status quo or will disruptive technologies radically change the way we use our cities? In each area we looked for different answers and, while still largely unknown, the next economy is starting to become understood.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT ABOUT LEIDEN

The Hague Leiden

Leiden is the northernmost city of the South Wing Randstad.

Therefore, its relation to Amsterdam is as important as the one to Rotterdam and its proximity to Schiphol airport offers it the best global connections. It is situated on the Amsterdam-The Hague main railway line, and is connected to various motorways, including the A4 towards Belgium and France. The AmsterdamParis high speed railway passes through the city’s periphery but doesn’t have a station.

The city is most known for its Bio Science Park, Europe’s most important cluster of medical university, hospital, biotech research centre and innovative startups in the field. This attracts high skilled talented professionals from the region and around the world. The university has branches in The Hague, and collaborates with TU Delft and Erasmus University Rotterdam.

Delft

Historically the city was an important trading power and the old city centre is now an attractive tourist destination. It is walkable and commercially vibrant.

Economically the city thrives, besides biotech, on its industrial and retail parks, including FloraHolland wholesale centre, Heineken’s brewery, and many productive clusters of boat builders, logistics, healthcare or everyday services. Leiden boasts low unemployment and one of the highest levels of education in the Netherlands.

Rotterdam

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Sources: leidenbiosciencepark.nl; universiteitleiden.nl; leiden.nl.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT LEIDEN

Knowledge clusters and startup hubs Source: Data from startupdelta.org, leidenbiosciencepark.nl, Google street view

Central hubs of activity Source: data from CBS land use map, CBS companies database, site visit, Google street view

The main knowledge centre in Leiden is the Bio Science Park, which includes the medical university, hospital, research centres and a startup hub. The park is expanding outwards with the Corpus exhibition and conference centre. Next to the central railway station and the park there is a cluster of colleges and schools that profit from the agglomeration of education facilities.

There are a number of increasingly active clusters around the Leiden University headquarters in the centre and next to the ROC vocational school next to Lammenschans station.

We developed a further analysis in which we located each of these knowledge, creativity and entrepreneurial related activities to find more patterns of location and behaviour within the urban context of the city. For the development of this map we analysed the ‘urbanity’ level of the streets (represented in orange and yellow the most actives ones) where they are located, as well as the centralities and sites that attract many people located near them.

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The main clusters of urban activity are the city centre and the Bio Science Park around the central station. Other isolated nucleus of activity are around the ROC and the regional hospital in the East of the city, next to the A4.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1 LEIDEN

Large production sites Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course and Google Maps.

The larger scale industrial and retail parks are situated outside the city centre, with good road connections. Most have no more production activities, but are instead focused on retail, logistics and services. Some public functions such as an MBO and an employment centre are also located in these areas. Some industrial areas are specialised in certain types of activity such as FloraHolland flower wholesales, Heineken brewery, boat building or biotech.

Some industrial parks are situated next to canals or railways, even though they scarcely use these infrastructures anymore. However, they are in close proximity to the city centre which makes them ideal sites for urban redevelopment.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Spatial barriers Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course; depthmap

Leiden is a city built at major river and road nodes and is thus crisscrossed by infrastructure. On the local scale however, infrastructure also plays the role of barrier between neighbourhoods and job concentrations, between urban, suburban and extraurban; and between different type of economy - knowledge economy, urban service economy; productive economy.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1 LEIDEN

URBAN ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY The resulting strategy for the city of Leiden is one of synapses that would connect the urban core with industrial parks, knowledge economy to the productive economy, idle human capital to jobs, and the city to its suburbs. The crossing points of heavy infrastructure - whether bridges, tunnels, motorway exits will play the role of attractors of activity and a new mixed economy.

Synapses Developed by the urban fabric environment team

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

THE HAGUE

ABOUT THE HAGUE Our second city in the ‘urban fabric environment’ is The Hague.

Located in the North Sea coast, the city is the capital of the province of South Holland and the third largest city in The Netherlands, just after Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Together with Rotterdam it forms a Metropolitan Area of 2.7 million people, which makes it the most populated area in the country.

The Hague Leiden

Delft

Even though Amsterdam is the official capital of The Netherlands, The Hague plays a major role as the seat of the Dutch government and parliament, the Royal family, the Supreme Court and The Council of State. Not only the National but also the International Law is represented here. The city hosts the majority of the foreign embassies in the Netherlands as well as 160 international institutions and organizations, being the most important ones the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice, both part of the United Nations.

For all this, The Hague receives the title of ‘The international city of peace and justice’.

Along with this activities, there is a high number of people from very different countries and cultures living and working here, making of The Hague a very diverse and cosmopolitan city. It is also a very attractive place for international companies to base themselves, there are more than 300 in the region. Also headquarters of high renowned international companies are placed here, such as Siemens, Shell and Nationale Nederlanden.

Rotterdam

It has a well-established regional, national and international connectivity thanks to its variety of transportation systems: tram, railway, roads and highways, as well as the Rotterdam-The Hague Airport. It’s especially at short distance from Delft, Leiden and Rotterdam.

Sources: denhaag.nl

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT KNOWLEDGE CLUSTERS Derived from its role as the ‘International city of peace and justice’ its economy is a service-oriented one, especially given the amount of diplomats and politicians working in the city.

Tourism is also an economic activity that keeps growing.

There is also a significant cultural offer for the locals and visitors. It has top-quality museums, galleries, theaters and numerous cafés around the city, particularly in the historical centre area.

THE HAGUE Law + Culture Cluster

Art + Creative + Cyber Security

We started researching the location of the most important knowledge institutions (MBO’s, universities), entrepreneurial hubs and economic activities of the city to understand how each of them works and the relation they might have in the development of the Next Economy.

Cyber Security + Law

We found out that these activities tend to be located within clusters. Some of them are based on a single type of activity and others are the combination of different ones, that may be related to each other.

Creative industry

Its location corresponds also with the type of environment that each ‘specie’ demands, the transportation systems they require and the connections they want to establish (local, regional or both).

Some of them are placed in highly active areas, surrounded by many different types of uses and available to many people.

Others tend to be in well-established business areas or even in emerging sites, such as the Binckhorst, which used to be an industrial-oriented zone and now it’s becoming a creative industries site.

Applied Sciences + Business

Knowledge+ Innovation + Business pop-ups Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course and Google Earth / Maps

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT THE HAGUE

Knowledge + Innovation + Business pop-ups & links Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course and Google Earth / Maps

Large productive areas Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course

We developed a further analysis in which we located each of these knowledge, creativity and entrepreneurial related activities to find more patterns of location and behaviour within the urban context of the city. For the development of this map we analysed the ‘urbanity’ level of the streets (represented in orange and yellow the most actives ones) where they are located, as well as the centralities and sites that attract many people located near them.

Location of the large productive areas in The Hague. Some of them are still being used as industrial or logistics sites, while other are changing their land use and offering other types of activities such as creative and entrepreneurship, commerce, among others.

The result showed that there is a high concentration of these activities in a north-south oriented axis of the city, but this activity does not expand to the rest of the city.

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Some types of “species” are using these areas to establish themselves, thanks to different factors such as the good connection with regional networks, distinctive architecture and flexibility to adapt the spaces to a wide variety of activities and uses.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

THE HAGUE

Spatial concentration of: non-western immigrants, unemployment, low incomes Source: CBS 2012 data

Overlay of social segregation criteria: non-western immigrants, unemployment and low incomes Source: CBS 2012 data

Spatial segregation Purple: Most segregated streets / Yellow: Most active streets and spaces Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course and DepthmapX

We developed a further analysis in which we located each of these knowledge, creativity and entrepreneurial related activities to find more patterns of location and behaviour within the urban context of the city. For the development of this map we analysed the ‘urbanity’ level of the streets (represented in orange and yellow the most actives ones) where they are located, as well as the centralities and sites that attract many people located near them.

Parallel to the other analyses, we explored the socio-economic context of the city. For this we made use of the GIS program, filtering data and mapping the specific information we were interested in.

The result showed that there is a high concentration of these activities in a north-south oriented axis of the city, but this activity does not expand to the rest of the city.

Using DepthmapX and Google Earth we mapped the highly segregated streets and spaces of Schilderswijk, and we found that many of its streets are lacking of a mixture of activities, proper connections and quality public space. This result also connects with the lack of Next Economy related activities shown in the figure above.

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We found that the poorest areas of the city tend to be the ones were a higher number of non-western immigrants concentrate as well as the higher rates of unemployment and the lower-income households.

We summarized these three analyses into the ‘Highest social segregation’ map, which indicated that the most affected neighbourhood is Schilderswijk.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1 THE HAGUE

Capilarity (East-West axes) Developed by the urban fabric environment team

Taking into account the results of the previous analyses we came out with the ‘Capilarity’ strategy.

The first part of it aims to expand the range of activity that is concentrated mostly in one north-south oriented axis, with a system of two east-west oriented axes that connect not only with the Schilderswijk neighbourhood but also with the Westland area. The expected results are:

-- Creation of new job and education opportunities on the most depressed areas of the city, based on the Next Economy activities.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Capilarity (North-South Axis) Developed by the urban fabric environment team

The second part of this strategy also aims to expand the range of activity but with the creation of another north-south oriented axis that will connect the Haagse Markt (very popular in the neighbourhood and in the city) with a series of creative and knowledge based activities, public spaces and the proposal of intervention in the ‘Groente en Fruitmarkt’ productive site, recognizing this place as an opportunity for creating a new centrality in the Schilderswijk neighbourhood.

The expected results are: -- Creation of new job and education opportunities on the most depressed areas of the city, based on the Next Economy activities.

-- Creation of a new centrality in the area. Reinforce the attractiveness and interest of this axis.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

THE HAGUE STRATEGY

The development of the ‘Capilarity’ strategy promises the betterment of the social and economic contexts in The Hague using the Next Economy vision as a tool to canalize and potentialize these changes in an inclusive, sustainable and responsible way, that will bring higher benefits to everyone, particularly to the most segregated areas of the city.

Capilarity Developed by the urban fabric environment team

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT DELFT

ABOUT DELFT

The Hague Leiden

Delft, one of the important cities in South Holland, is the current driver of knowledge and technology development. In this chapter the physical and social status of the city were shown by various analysis, along with the final strategy proposed for the city to adjust and thrive in the next economy.

Delft

Rotterdam

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT DELFT The main cluster in Delft is mainly composed of TU Delft and the technopolis in the south, both devoted themselves to the development of knowledge and technology.

The establishment of TU Delft has led the city transformed from traditional crafting to modern technology. In the south of university lies the expansion of the Polytechnic school from 1864 as well he duster of industries relate to technical service and technology development. Geographically the industries well leveraged the advantage of locating next to knowledge production and the potential entrepreneurial collaboration.

Institute for Water Education

TU Delft + YES! Delft

Clusters in Delft (marked in yellow) Developed with the GIS data and field investigation

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

DELFT

Centrality of Delft (marked in yellow-red gradient) Developed with field investigation

The city of Delft has concentrated its development in a small area throughout history, the map of centrality shows that city centre in the north has developed most of the commercial and business activities, while the university in the south attracts students and related companies from around the world. As in the west, de Hoven Passage functions as the biggest shopping mall in the city, which draws crowd to linger and new small businesses to stay. However, there is no active connection with other centralities.

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Road connections in Delft Developed with Google Earth

The city grew into a centre of producing and exporting beer and doth in the 14th century, which both industries require water resource from the canal and therefore had located accordingly. Canal in the city not only served as a water supplier but also a transporting system for goods and people since 16th century, nevertheless after the railway system was built in the 19th century, the importance of canal decreased. The railway allowed a rapid transportation and delivery of raw materials and finished products, even today a cluster of machinery, automobile service and post-industrial site can still be seen along the railway in Delft. In the 20th century started the highway system construction, which discarded the inconvenience of railway and enabled faster and lighter distribution, hence attracted logistic industries to settle down nearby.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

DELFT

Social and economic analysis for Delft Developed with the GIS data

The social and economic analysis showed that several areas in the city contain higher degree of social problems, especially in part of the city centre and housing area in the west. However there are no serious problems or segregation in reality comparing to other cities in South Holland, therefore the major focus of the development of strategy was put on the improvement of connection between areas. Through the connection, social inclusiveness is expected to be increased.

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Spatial concentrations of non-western immigrants, unemployment and low incomes Developed with the GIS data

Spatial barriers in Delft Developed with Google Earth and field investigation

The infrastructure that support regional transportation in Delft has formed physical barriers in a local scale with different levels, including railway, highways and canals. From the map it can be easily told that most of the barriers parallel to each other in an approximately north-south direction, and the active parts of the city are “trapped� by these barriers. Hence it is harder for the city to develop a perpendicular active connection, which is helpful to include other areas to develop as a whole instead of stay fragmented.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT DELFT STRATEGY The overall strategy for Delft is to overcome the various north-south barriers and create a mirroring axis in east-west direction. The axis starts from the green areas that surround the city, to the housing areas at the border, and finally ends up in the campus of TU Delft.

Along the axis, not only a physical connection was provided, but also by leveraging the resources, including commercial areas, green areas and the space in campus, different activities were injected. The development of the axis is complementary to the already thriving city centre-university connection, which together facilitate the local integration of the city.

Strategy for Delft

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT ROTTERDAM

ABOUT ROTTERDAM

The Hague Leiden

Rotterdam is the youngest and most ethnically diverse city in the Netherlands and this gives it a vibrant and dynamic personality. It has a social elevator role, by attracting a high number of migrants looking for work and social mobility. However, the city doesn’t succeed in retaining talent on a long term basis and it is currently working to be more attractive to creative young people by investing in infrastructure, housing, public space and cultural facilities.

Delft

Rotterdam

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Rotterdam is along The Hague the main city in the region and houses the largest port in Europe, until 2004 in the world. It is transited by large quantities of goods and this has directed its massive port infrastructure. The city itself is a working class city with a newly found creative flair centred in its knowledge hubs.

The city hosts the prestigious Erasmus University and Hospital and has close ties with the neighbouring TU Delft and Universiteit Leiden.

The main areas of redevelopment are the Centraal Station area, the Kop van Zuid riverfront, the museum area, Delfshaven and the inner port. However, many neighbourhoods such as Zuidplein, Fejenoord, Noord and Spangen have social issues such as unemployment, low incomes and enclaves of non-western immigrants. The Maas plays a role of spatial barrier between the active north and the problematic south. The legacy of modernist planning is also felt hard: wide avenues not friendly for pedestrians and shops, suspended metro lines, mono-functional housing neighbourhoods and concentrated, inward looking shopping malls such as Zuidplein take life out of the urban fabric.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1 ROTTERDAM

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

KNOWLEDGE CLUSTERS As starting point of our project, we found the location of the main business, production, innovation and knowledge clusters or “patches� in Rotterdam that are either working well today or that have the potential to become next economy clusters in the future. In the north of Rotterdam we mapped: Central station, Stadshavens, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Campus, the Kop Van Zuid, Maashaven, Parkstad, Feyenoord Stadium, Lombardijen, Zuidplein, Waalhaven.

From previous analysis we identify that the patches that are working better are most of the times located in the north of Rotterdam with few exceptions like the RDM campus and the Kop Van Zuid. In the south, we identify the areas with potential but not yet working well as clusters for the next economy.

Some examples are the Zuidplein area in the centre of South Rotterdam and its adjacent shifting industrial polygon, the Parkstad area in a strategic node near the Feyenoord stadium and the waterfront, the Waalhaven in the port area, and the Lombardijen train station area.

Knowledge+ Innovation + Business pop-ups Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course and Google Earth / Maps

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VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1 ROTTERDAM

Urban activity spaces and corridors Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course

The next step was to identify the spatial connections or what we called “corridors” between the clusters, “patches”. For this task we analyzed when these corridors work well or badly at both the global and local scale, most of the times they are also barriers between the neighbourhoods at a local level.

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Sptial barriers and segregation Developed with the GIS data base provided by the course

In general, South Rotterdam is characterized by car oriented roads crossing the neighbourhoods. The Zuidplein, which may be considered the heart of South Rotterderm, is a very fragmented area due to the infrastructures that surrounds it, creating islands of activities with poor local connections and integration between neighbourhoods.

There is a lack of public space and street life, although it has a considerable number of squares and public spaces inside the neighbourhoods, most of these spaces area not used Apart of road infrastructures, the railway that crosses the area establishes a barrier between the neighbourhoods and with the waterfront.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

ROTTERDAM ROOTING - To downgrade the car oriented character of the Strevelsweg (Zuidplain front road), and encourage commercial uses along it outside the shopping Centre.

- To enhance the local integration between neighbourhoods by developing new public space and public facility nodes.

- To integrate the MBOs area at the east of the Zuidplein with public space and enhancing it as a future MBO cluster.

ZIPPING - To take advantage of the train station Lombardijen and its shifting industrial adjacent areas.

- To strength the connections between the west and east areas separated today by the railway.

Social and economic segregation overlay Developed with the GIS data

There are some areas where the concentration of low income, unemployment and non-western immigrants is higher. However, in the case of South Rotterdam, the large number of immigrants is a great opportunity to enhance the diverse character of the place.

The social segregated areas in South Rotterdam (areas with concentration of low income, unemployment and non-western immigrants) coincide with the spatial fragmented areas.

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Non-western immigrants, low income and unemployment concentrations Developed with the GIS data

Strategies From the top: rooting, zipping, hopping

HOPPING - To break the vacant land barriers to make possible new local connection between the neighbourhoods.

- To activate the waterfront, and integrate it to the neighbourhoods.

- To improve connections with the other side of the river, and Erasmus University knowledge cluster.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENT

ROTTERDAM

Rooting (above top) and Zipping (above lower) Strategies overview (left)

STRATEGY Rotterdam is a city focused on linking Europe to the world, but unable to link together its neighbourhoods and communities.

Our strategies are following these ideas to search new ways of connecting the city to itself: hopping, zipping and rooting.

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Leiden

VIII. ENVIRONMENT-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT CONCLUSION Our strategies that resulted from the analysis focus either on the most problematic areas of the cities, or on areas currently ignored by urban planning policy. The concepts of our interventions are all derivatives of linking, because connecting, sharing and mixing ideas from different individuals and entities will be the base of the next economy.

The Hague

SYNAPSES Delft

CAPILARITY CRISSCROSSING ZIPPING HOPPING ROOTING Rotterdam

Regional map of urban strategies Developed by the urban fabric environment team

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IX. ENVIRONMENT-2

[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

Resilient Productive Places

Region analysis, site understanding and selection

The post-industrial or former industrial sites striving to sustain under the pressure of changing economic and technological shift in the domain of contemporary urbanized South Holland seek out a fresh new attention to function productively in this context of kaleidoscopic shift. Identifying these areas and categorizing them in specific groups according to their type and scale of functionality was therefore the first challenge of the process where we identified four typologies based on their nature of productivity which are the average middle scale business areas, the heavy port, the shifting port and the Drecht cities*. These different post-industrial sites were later identified in three cities of the region such as Delft, Rotterdam and Dordrecht which represented their existence in varied environments of these cities. * Drecht cities (Drechtsteden) are a number of towns and cities bordering each other in the delta area of the rivers Oude Maas, Noord, and Beneden-Merwede in the province of South Holland (drechtsteden.nl)

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Above: identifying industrial, post-industrial and business areas; defining differente characters and cases.

Opposite: strategy map showing the four sites of intervention.

The objective was to first analyse these areas from the perspective of socio-economic challenges and draw parallel symbiotic relationship with the urban morphology in order to better understand the quality of their productivity. The analysis process led us to different strategic proposals for these sites in the context of the next economy. In Delft, our approach included strategies to amalgamate different productive areas functioning in an isolated manner and create opportunities for these sites to benefit from each other and thus increase their productivity in a more innovative charm. The heavy port of Rotterdam which is mostly oil based production was approached in a rather futuristic panache to comprehend resilient and sustainable production methods focusing on alternative energy based clean production. The part of the shifting port of Rotterdam was a challenge where the idea was to transfigure these sites to further interact with the city while Drecht cities required attention to combine existing know-how, people and production in a way that they can capitalize their specialization in ship building and use it to attract scholars and investors from the regional, national and global market.

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[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

Delft | Upgrading local businesses

Knowledge | Innovation Based -- DSM | BPF Delft Centrum TU Delft Campus Average Service Providers -- Car dealer | repair shops -- Construction supply shops -- House appliances shops Knowledge | Innovation based Post-industrial sites Knowledge institutions and knowledge based production

-- Research Institutes and Initiatives -- Start-ups -- Well established companies

Main routes to the city center

Delft site analysis Delft, mostly famous for the TU Delft Technology University and diverse research facilities, has a unique array of specialized work, production and educational zones where people from all around the region and abroad come to work and study. Having a population of around 100,000, the city offers most of its commercial and recreational facilities concentrated in its historical city center. Through land use, public and private commuting patterns analyses, availability of recreation spaces and concentration of working and residential spaces, we have concluded that the neighborhoods, mainly the ones farthest from the city center, and the university campus struggle with alternative options of places full of urban life; as well as commerce, cultural and recreational areas; as well as gathering places. In addition to that, the main road and public transportation systems of the city are structured on a North-South direction, creating barriers between different neighborhoods and the University Campus.

Regarding the industrial, post-industrial and productive sites in Delft, we have identified three different typologies: knowledge and research based sites, unproductive post-industrial sites and sites composed of average service providers.

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As a result of the analyses ran, the Schieweg was identified as a potential area for two different strategies that will boost the productivity of the city, better integrate isolated neighborhoods, allow people different choices and link the knowledge produced on the University in order to improve outdated businesses.

Our vision for this postindustrial site involves a retrofit strategy in the northern part of the Schieweg, along with a physical connection to the TU Delft Campus and the Voorhof and Emerald neighborhoods.

This area shall be regenerated into a lively mixed used area, revitalizing not only the site itself but also the usage of the beautiful waterway.

For the southern part, we foresee a physical connection to the Technopolis. This connection will better the accessibility of the Technopolis via the Delft Zuid Station and facilitate the exchange of knowledge and production between both areas. The main objective is to upgrade local middle size service providers and producers through knowledge.

Strategic concept of the intervention in Delft Image Sources 1. http://100weeksinrome.com/tag/holland/ 2. https://joachim-barrum.squarespace.com/?offset=1387882017288 (edited) 3. www.archdaily.com/205282/student-housing-for-tu-delft-campus-studioninedots-hvdn 4. http://marketingestrategicoviral.com//

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[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

Drecht Cities | Reconnecting the city to its industry

Strategy Legend: Historic Center New Developing Areas

H.I. AMBACHT Train

PAPENDRECHT

Industrial Areas

SLIEDRECHT

ZWIJNDRECHT

Central Station

DORDRECHT

Heavy Industry and principal connections in the Drechsteden.

Drecht Cities.

Source: www.drechtstedenmaritiem.nl/page/14/_ Samen_stad_en_stad_aan_water

Dordrecht historical center and new developing areas.

General Analysis This region located at the south of Rotterdam is a leader in the maritime sector since a long time. The location of many industrial areas dedicated to shipping and dredging companies have developed next to an attractive and lively historic centre in the city of Dordrecht. The area has suffered constant floods throughout history but has managed to handle them minimizing the risks and keeps gaining new territory from the water. The area is already quite accessible by train (two stations in Dordrecht), car and boat (waterbus) and it is also in an strategic position between the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp.

Drecht Cities.

Source: https://cms.dordrecht.nl/stadswervennw/stadswerven-noord

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In the last years, six municipalities of the region (Drechtsteden) decided to join forces so they could develop towards common goals, looking forward to develop their local economies and be able to compete with the bigger cities in South Holland. Some industries have already left areas empty and the urban areas of the cities are occupying them but the challenge is to keep production in the area so the economy keeps developing and benefiting from local knowledge.

Shipping industry.

Source: http://koopvaardij.blogspot. nl/2013_03_18_archive.html

Historic Center.

Source: http://woningen.mitula.nl/te-huurwoning-oude-centrum-dordrecht

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[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

Heavy Port of Rotterdam | Energizing the oil dependent harbor

Oil related companies (refineries & tank terminals)

Logistics

Chemical companies

Alternative Energy sites

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Wind Turbines

Gas Fired & Biofuel Biomass

Recycling (metal) Recycling (waste incinerator) Biofuel Recycling (metal) Recycling (waste process) Recycling (costruction materials)

Biomass Terminal

Bio - Gas

Biofuel

Gas Fired

Gas Fired

Biomass Fired

Gas Terminal

Biofuel

Biomass Fired

Opposite; Analysis of the port of Rotterdam, existing situation of uses. | Above; Strategic concept of the intervention in Botlek.

The analysis of the port area unfolded interesting findings which were important in order to understand its configuration and served as a guideline for the strategy. The production and distribution of oil based energy sites follow a pattern regardless of their scale and location in the port. Rather, this pattern is noticed to exist in a graduating higher scale towards the sea port. This very pattern of production sites includes agglomeration of companies belonging to four general categories: oil related, chemical, logistics and alternative energy production. This repeating agglomeration of standard uses was the protagonist factor to catalyze the idea of radiating the tendency of alternative energy production to a major level; in a broader strategic framework, the sustainability oriented energy production will eventually dominate the whole production system of the port.

The homogeneity of the oil based production sites was confronted with the idea of an alternative energy based production project which was used as a strategy to saturate the whole port in the years to come.

In the first stage, the site was chosen according to its location where a noticeable concentration of recycling and other alternative energy production sites is spotted. The area also provides an elaborate transportation network both in terms of land and water. The program formulated based on the research done before, shaped a site that would house production and research facilities of alternative energy, create a hub of clean energy research and development and function as a paradigm for the port’s overall transition into a sustainable system.

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[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

CIty Port of Rotterdam | Post-industrial regeneration

Shifting port sreas

Site analysis of the city port area of Rotterdam

The city port area of northern and southern part of the Rotterdam port facing the pressure of the urbanized areas was identified as the post industrial site with programs mostly serving in a regional scale such as large scale transportation companies, wholesalers, recycling sites and some light production companies. Based on their character, they naturally occupy areas close to the city and are mostly served by fast moving transportation connectors which are car oriented and create physical barrier between these site areas and the urbanized areas.

The challenge was therefore identifying these isolated site areas which have huge potental to serve the city better in order to provide more job opportunities to the people of the surrounding neighborhoods and thus interact more to alevate the overall condition of these urban areas. The urbanized areas adjacent to these shifting dock areas are mostly immigrant neighborhoods having socio-economic problems and the issue of social and physical segreation.

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Therefore, these post-industrial sites needed retrofitting to a degree where these people can get benifit of the development and get included in the economic activities to improve their quality of life. The social inclusion along with blurring the physical barrier between these post-industrial sites and these neighborhoods were the major challenge of this very site.

Roads as barrier

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[POST] INDUSTRIAL MILIEUX:

Vision map of combined strategies

Strategy The strategy addressed the issue of downgrading parts of the fast moving car lanes and making pedestrian and non-motorized vehicular connections in the northern part of the port where the dock areas are undergoing innovative transformation already and integrating the neighbourhood physically in a way that they can take advantage of this change. The southern part which is known as Waalhaven is more segregated than the northern part. Therefore, the idea was to propose a boost up project like a museum that would attract people from other parts of the region and create more opportunities for the locals. The use of the waterfront and to reclaim certain parts of the waterfront in order to consolidate the identity of the city was another approach to better improve the urban environment of this particular area.

Post-industrial Regeneration Transform obsolete post-industrial sites according to local demands Post-industrial Regeneration Assist outdated practices towards future innovative businesses Post-industrial Retrofit Recycle post-industrial sites, providing needed services for surrounding areas Industrial Shift Prepare significant productive sites for the changeover to sustainable production Local Upgrade Boost potential productive area with know-how not explored to its full potential Assist production areas into the shift towards bussiness and knowledge integration

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X. ENVIRONMENT-3

UNBUILT AREAS:

Land-SCAPES

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LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT METHODOLOGY

Goals

Why? LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM freedom of choice and action primary material for a quality life shared values social awareness and coehsion health security

Actions

NEXT ECONOMY (People)

How?

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Problems/ Potensials

DRIVER OF CHANGES

SERVICES: culture regulating provisioning supporting

Farmlands Recreational parks Green houses Port Dunes Lake Forest Water front Coastline Canal Creek Pastures

What?

INPUT: coastline/dunes canals/trenches/creeks/lakes port/waterfront forest/recreational parks pastures/farmland/green houses

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OPEN SPACE/SCAPE

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LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES High Population Density

Source of Air Polution

Percentage of Land Use Source: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

Population Density Source: illustrated by the authors

Source of Air Polution Source: illustrated by the authors

Some challenges found in South Holland regarding the importance of enhancing green space/ scape. The map above shows that the highest population density in Netherland is clustering in South Holland. However, the source of air polution is concentrated in south Randstad which means the high level population is not in balance with the amount of green space. Therefore, the development of green space in this case become an important issue to increase not only the quality of environment but also the livability value.

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Multifunctional Space Source: Author Illustration

Another challenges found related to scarcity of land.

From the picture it can be seen that the problem of lack of space were caused by monofuctional used of space where more than 50 % of space is onlu used for farming activity while less than 5% used for recreation purposes.

This chalenges can be reduced by generate overlapping several layer of activity or in other words, proposing multifuction of space.

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LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT ECOSYSTEM SERVICE

enhancing recreational opportunities while regulating local climate

regulating soil erosion

improving the air quality while enhancing recreation, health and improving the aesthetics

enhancing the identity while educatingtourism

regulating environmental risks while improving aesthetics, identity and enhancing recreation

provisioning of fresh water while supporting re-use of natural resources

Map of South Holland Source: Author Illustration

ehancing identity of the place and the cultural heritage while improving the recreational choices

enhancing food production while improving re-use of resources and education

enhancing biodiversity while educating

improving the resource re-cycling while educating

Beside as an ecosystem services provider, landscape can be also be developed as a bridge of surrounding municipalities, in these case, Den Haag, Westland, Midden Delfland and Rotterdam.

Moreover, the development of landscape between urban area can help creating smooth transition and more interaction for both area.

This method further can be also applied in the larger scale or even to the cluster of regions that have similar characteristic with this project.

Cluster of Municipalities in South Holland Source: Author Illustration

enhancing soil formation Ecosystem Services Source: arranged by the authors

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X. ENVIRONMENT-3

LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT POTENTIAL

CHALLENGE

Challenge for the Land-SCAPES

The proximity of public transportation to landscape Source: Author Illustration according to GIS Database

The landscape, once regarded as piecemeal elements will become sturdy if they are unified into a whole system. Re-structuring the green and blue infrastructure in the South Wing of Randstad as a powerful system is our target for the design. The diversity of landscapes needs to be well integrated in the region for better ecological services. According to their function, they might need to have different levels of accessibility in terms of the means of transportation used, the intensity, or the user-friendly aspect.

From the result of proximity analysis (right) we can see, the proximity of the public transportation generally follows the location of the big cities. Comparing the results with the distribution of the green spaces, it is obvious that the productive landscapes are very unapproachable from the public transportation.

In some places, the accessibility is also cut by the infrastructures such as highways or canals. If we aim to encourage the inclusion of productive landscapes (namely pasture lands, greenhouses, forests, waterfront, etc) as part of the ecosystem services network, the accessibility would be a problem.

Local Potential and Challenge Analysis Source: author illustration, Google Streetview, photography by Author

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X. ENVIRONMENT-3

LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY

Current GREEN-BLUE NETWORK

The kernel density map of pasture lands

The kernel density map of agriculture prodution

ECO-LINKING GREEN-BLUE NETWORK

STRATEGY The kernel density map of agriculture distribution Source: Author Illustration according to GIS data

Diversity of Scapes: Water, Grassland, Forest, Greenhouse Source: Author Illustration

by GIS Database

The kernel density map of waste managment

The region enjoys diversity types of open space and a range of functions provide by the landscapes. The grassland is spread out across the region from urban area to pasture land. The Westland is the head of horticulture production where concentrated the most glass houses. The land for agriculture productive use is more clustering on the south part of the region while the water network is the backbone of the landscape system.

The kernel density analysis of the companies in agriculture sector above shows four different picture of clusters in horticulture, animal raising (pasture), distribution and waste management. Considering about to closing the ecological loop of in-put and out-put from the agriculture sector and waste management, we require a network between these four steps - as they are the main process of the agriculture production.

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By reviewing the current landscape condition in the south wing of Randstad, we will be amazed by the richness of diversity landscapes and overwhelming open spaces in the region. These landscapes in different scale has already been categorized carefully by serving diversified urban requirements - food production in Westland, manufacturing in Rotterdam port, recreational space as Den Haag coastline and Rotterdam urban parks etc. However, behind this zoning picture was a profound, artificial distinction between human and nature. (IABR, 2014) For the new era of next economy, urban planners should take response to confronting environmental challenge and guarantee a sustainable development to the region. These problems cannot be simply handled by refurnishing a few grass roofs with LEED-platinum buildings (Sijmons, 2009), but rather a systemic design of landscape.

To answer the challenge of the region, the systematic design of landscapes in South-wing of Randstad has three main strategies as eco-linking, re-branding and en-powering. With the help of technology tools as GIS and Space Syntax, we developed our design by research through regional, urban and local scales.

RE-BRANDING GREEN-BLUE NODES

RE-BRANDING GREEN-BLUE NODES

LAND-SCAPES STRATEGY

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X. ENVIRONMENT-3

LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT

The strategy of Eco-linking is to connect and to enhance current blue- green networks as a structured system for slow mobility network, ecological corridor and renewable energy transformation.

Eco-Linking

The three strategy is crossing scales of regional, local and the flows in between. In the design case of Green Corridor between Westland and the Hague. The kernel density analysis of leisure activities demonstrates the Hague Westland’s role as a cluster of leisure activities. Although the functions seem to be bonding the two municipality with each other, the accessibility between them is still weak.

Secondly, the analysis appeals more leisure activities and qualified green spaces concentrated in the central Den Haag. The Westland is only touching the edge of this leisure cluster.

ECO-LINKING

(Left) Scapes in different scale along the Eco-link Source: Google Streetview; Photography by Author (Right) Intervention Project ‘The Veins’ in Westland Source: Design by Author

To enhance the spatial quality and the interaction between Den Haag and Westland, we need to improve the accessibility by increase the Green-Blue link between them as Green corridor. From the space syntax analysis, the streets for Green corridor intervention enjoys both high global integration and high local integration. This can be seen as potential to re-brand the streets into more vibrant axis.

[1]

Vein in Westland

Eco-Linking Layers

[2]

[3]

[1] Unequal distribution of Qualified green spaces in The Hague [2] Leisure clusters and public transportation proximity in Den Haag-Westland area [3] Highly integrated streets in Local and Global integration Space Syntax Analysis [4] Eco-linking in intervention of Green Corridor between Westland and the Hague

[4] Green Network Source: Design by Author

Blue Network

Fast - Slow Bike Network

Source: Author Illustration from GIS & Space Syntax Analysis

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LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT

RE-BRANDING The re-branding is to identify the current back-yard landscape, such as infrastructure green space in Midden-delftland and waterway in Westland into green nodes or lines for benefiting the surround area.

En-powering is a strategy by process, start with implementation of new energy research clusters into the port area. By replacing the nodes of energy production and sharing current infrastructure structure for transport energy and resource, a back-up system for current energy system will be set-up. While the fossil fuel gradually fading out from the port, the renewable energy plants will become the new generator for the energy system.

In the design of ‘The Crown’ in Mid-Delftland as an example, the re-branding of neglected green space contributes to activate the local awareness and identity of public green space for the area.

Furthermore, it will help to develop a local waste management and re-cycle system for En-powering strategy.

Changing nodes

EN-POWERING

Activating system

Intervention Projects (Left) The ‘Generator’ in Rotterdam Port (Right) The ‘Magnet’ in Rotterdam Cityport Source: Design by Author

Design of Intervention Project ‘The Crown’ in Midden-Delftland Source: Design by Author

Current Electricity System Source: data from PBL report

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Vision for De-centralized Energy System Source: Design by Author

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INTERVENTION SITE 1:

LEIDEN - SYNAPSES by Vincent Babes

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Synapses

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LEIDEN URBAN EXPERIMENT AND EXPLORATION / SYNAPSES OF THE NEXT ECONOMY Urban clusters and the knowledge economy /// infrastructure as barrier

Productive landscapes /// infrastructure as connector

Source: images by atuhor or from Google Street View

Leiden is characterised by the duality of its historical centre and the Bio Science Park. These two are connected between them, to other cities and to Schiphol airport through the central railway station. The Bio Science Park is characterised by high tech, academic research and innovation and requires global connections to attract talent and to be in touch with peer research centres worldwide. The city centre is clearly delimited by the former defensive moat and is a walkable commercial and touristic attraction.

There are many startups in relation to the biotech and medical sectors.

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The different parts of the city are separated by infrastructures: canals, railways and motorways.

Crossing these barriers is not always convenient, pedestrian/cycle friendly and safe. Infrastructure, a vital factor of the economy, is also disconnecting the peripheries of the city from its successful parts.

Infrastructure has always been the backbone and guiding line of Leiden’s development. Originally the canals, from the 19th century the railways and currently the motorways carry the goods and people flows in and out of the city. Industry has subsequently followed these lines and now we see a multitude of industrial areas along canals and railways which have followed a path dependency despite not using these infrastructures anymore.

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LEIDEN URBAN EXPERIMENT AND EXPLORATION / SYNAPSES OF THE NEXT ECONOMY Urban fabrics and built environment morphology

Knowledge clusters and industrial parks

By analysing the built morphology of the city following the criteria of urban block coverage and built density, a very interesting result arises: the industrial and retail parks are similar in a way to the old city centre. The buildings occupy most of the lot, the streets are clearly delineated and have a more ‘urban’ feeling if we ignore the industrial look of the buildings. What are the possible reasons for this?

Well, some of these industrial areas were formed before the post-war residential areas and, even after, probably escaped the hygienist, open city principles that guided Dutch modernism. Secondly, just like the city centre, they are clusters of very specific activities, as we see on the following page. This clustering leads to a more organic collaboration between companies of different sizes and this leads us to think they could be a good testing ground for the next economy.

These industrial and retail areas are either close to the city centre, the Bio Science Park or residential neighbourhoods, or in good connection to the motorways that link them to their suppliers and customers.

They are specialised clusters: the more central ones focus on retail and services to residents, while the more isolated ones are more oriented towards production, logistics, flower and agricultural wholesales, health, boat building etc.

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These areas, while not as prestigious as the knowledge hubs, still employ a large part of the population and offer products, services, training and opportunity to many lower skilled people.

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LEIDEN: SYNAPSES URBAN EXPERIMENT AND EXPLORATION / SYNAPSES OF THE NEXT ECONOMY Proposed links

Vision of the site’s development /// Impact scales of the intervention

The area selected to perform the pilot project of the next economy in Leiden is an industrial park next to the Leiden Lammenschans railway station. It has potential for growth, proximity to the city centre as well as to the A4 motorway. The station is operated by NS Sprinter (local) trains to Leiden Centraal, Utrecht and Gouda, bringing workers to the local companies and students to the new ROC vocational school. It includes a small residential zone and is limited to the south by the canal and a forest. However, connections of the site are not ideal. Bridges are at a large interval, and the railway has to be crossed at level. Most of the street design is car-oriented. The proposal is to upgrade these connections, with a direct link between the station and the MBO, a better crossing of the avenue and new bridges that would connect to the surrounding areas.

These public interventions are limited and bear a low cost on the public purse. The rest, and more interesting part of the prototype project, is policy based, and implies the private entrepreneurs, the educational sector and civic society. The proposal is to enable this area to be an urban ‘free zone’ where activities, technologies and building typologies that otherwise would be considered dangerous, loud, offensive, unaesthetic, or simply unknown, could be experimented and tested before allowed in other parts of the region. Functions could be mixed: why not revive the Dutch merchants’ houses and enable social housing residents to open shops, offices on the ground floor, or to merge their small apartments to create a large family home; place industry and vocational schools together; bring leisure closer to housing. All these could also help to reduce commuting needs and costs.

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LEIDEN: SYNAPSES URBAN EXPERIMENT AND EXPLORATION / SYNAPSES OF THE NEXT ECONOMY

Self-driven cars, drone delivery, parkour, augmented reality, indoor Google street view, 3D printed buildings, e-bike fast lanes, DIY housing, privately managed streets, shared economy, urban farming, on-demand transit... Some may succeed and some may fail, but we can only know if we try. This prototype area intends to re-create the conditions of experiment, enterprise and freedom of thought that enabled the Dutch golden age to appear.

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INTERVENTION SITE 2:

DEN HAAG - WESTLAND - VEIN by Fecianti

Transmitting Creativity

- CAPILLARITY by Estefania McLaurin Moreno - TRANSMITTING CREATIVITY by Lin, Wei Yun Capillarity

Vein

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WESTLAND-DEN HAAG Railway Park

Individual Projects 1

Vein

2

Capillarity

3

Transmitting Creativity

GREEN-URBAN INFILTRATION

Creative District Floating Market The aim of the Westland-Den Haag strategy is to soften the border between the two municipalities and to create a smooth transition between green and urban areas.

City Farms Regional Park

3 Collaborative Space

2

The main concept of this strategy is to enhance the connection of both sides through an existing axis. Activities and programmes were injected along the axis, and three individual projects were carried out: One located in Westland and Two in Den Haag. The strategy not only provides new opportunity for people to interact but also involve people in the process of production, which is an important part of the next economy.

To connect the individual projects, the utilization of existing green and blue resources were improved by adding new facilities and activities, such as floating market. It is helpful to trigger the interaction of food production in Westland to people’s daily life in Den Haag.

Green

Urban

Den Haag Westland

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WESTLAND

Westland is one of municipalities in western Netherlands which 12% of its land is covered by water. Moreover, this area is well known as one of the biggest agriculture production in Netherlands which then caused 70% of Westland covered by glasshouses. Besides its economic contribution to Netherland, Westland also have potential because of the diversity of landscape that is provided there that in the future can be developed further to enhance the social and economic value in this area.

In spite of its beneficial value, some problems are indicated within Westland such as un-continuous bike lane and pedestrian, the lack of relationship between landscape and human activity which then generate ecological issue in this area.

Green scape approach in Westland mainly focus on seeing how landscape can be enhanced further not only for leisure related activity but further can be integrated more with local production, social cohesion and lastly, for improvement of ecosystem.

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WESTLAND

Cluster of Research, Education, and Business The first map on the left side shows several locations where knowledge facilities and companies related to food production were located. These facilities give benefit in promoting and developing knowledge and technology related food production.

Distribution of Companies and Knowledge Center in Westland Source: Author Illustration based on GIS data and maps.google.nl

Also from the map, we can see that these facilities are rather scattered than forming clusters. From several literatures study, clustering can generate some benefits related to next economy: increased productivity (through specialized inputs, access to information, synergies, and access to public goods), more rapid innovation (through cooperative research and competitive striving), and new business formation (filling in niches and expanding the boundaries of the cluster map).

Read more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Bo-Co/ Clusters.html

Neighborhood and Business Area in Westland Source: Author Illustration Based on GIS Data

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WESTLAND Largest Foodprint of Glass Houses Scape In order to sustain production in the Westland an up scaling is unavoidable. Currently, the glass houses in Westland are still dominated by 3-5 hectares in size and towards 2020 because of globalization and competitiveness, these glasshouses need to be upscale into a size of 10 Ha. In spite of the high number of glasshouses in Westland, the glass horticulture in Westland is less modern and has lower scale compare to glasshouses outside this area. This is because of the lack of space and high land price. Moreover, modern glasshouses were confirmed generate higher efficiency (Crielaard, 2012)

Glass Houses in Westland Source: Author Illustration based on Crielaard, 2012

Glass houses upscaling Sorce: Crielaard,2012)

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Development of Glass Houses in Westland Sorce: Crielaard,2012)

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WESTLAND

Diversified and Complex Landscape Westland is constructed by the diversity of landscape. The landscape is mixing between production activity, which involved glasshouses footprint, and some specific landscape such as port, dune and beach. Several green areas such as local park, polder and pastor land also become another element that adding this diversity while canal and creek can be seen as “the vein� that once ago become the connector within this area.

Type of Landscape in Westland Source: Author Illustration based on GIS data

Network Westland is a complex area which its morphology is mainly determined by waterways. The transition from waterways to truck transport as main logistic route then affect the connection between landscape and human activity. The connections over water became the backside of the landscape and the land connections were dominated by traffic which then cause disconnection for slow mobility network.

Connection Route in Westland Source: Author Illustration based on Gementee Westland: Vaarrecreatie in Westland, 2012

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WESTLAND: VEIN Intervention “Through the waterways ecological connections between the green areas can be created.”

-GreenportWestland Vison 2020-

The main idea of this project is restore the canal which is treated as backyard into front-yard in order to create an ecological connections and provide opportunity for people to experience diversity of landscape while enhance the local production, identity, and liveability.

Intervention Location Source: Author Illustrator

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Grote Gantel, Westland Source: http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Greenhouse

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WESTLAND: VEIN Intervention

ECO-LINKING Through time, Westland was developed and becoming one of the largest food production cluster within the glasshouses field.

This caused spatial issue where the land was mostly occupied by manmade environment while adding negative impact to landscape and ecosystem. In this term, landscape no longer reacts as a connector of urban patches but more as a barrier.

Analysis Map of several Nodes Connection Source: Author Illustration

The eco-linking strategy aims to its original function as a connector. First map shows the missing connection between several nodes in Westland. The proposal of new node (yellow area) can help to regenerate activity along the canal and can create new link through landscape. New node that is proposed will contain activity that related with local production and identity of Westland as an agricultural area. This aims to enhance local production and while creating continuous leisure route that create opportunity for people to experience the diversity of landscape.

RE-BRANDING The limited space in Westland addresses another problem for the glasshouses expansion. Since the productive glasshouses gradually moved to Oostland, several glasshouses especially below 3 ha sized will be up scaled or left die.

The strategy is to merge the small-scale glasshouses and reuse the space generated for another purposes related to local production, knowledge and leisure activity: 1. Knowledge centre of waste food recycling 2. Green restaurant to promote waste food recycling 3. Collaborative Glass Houses Small Scale Glass houses along Grote Gantel Source: Author Illustration

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WESTLAND: VEIN Intervention

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES The overall intervention will also relate to ecosystem services. There are 3 main interventions in this site. First is the horticultural park, which is served for regulating ecological quality while also can be used to promote local production or local identity. Second, the collaborative glasshouses. The idea is to collaborate the existed big company with informal education and leisure activity. Third, the green food centre which concern in specialty of waste food recycling. This green food centre can be used for provisioning and supporting food production while improving re-use of resources while educating.

Horticultural Park Regulating : air quality, climate, water run-off Culture: enhance local identity

Improvement of waterlines, additional bike line

Collaborative Glass Houses Culture : enhance local identity and production

Green Food Center Provisioning : enhancing food production Supporting: re-cycling of waste resources Culture: enhance local identity

Enhancing identity of the place and the cultural heritage while improving the recreational choices.

Improving the air quality while enhancing recreation, health and improving the aesthetics.

Improving the resource re-cycling while educating.

Enhancing food production while improving re-use of resources and education.

Intervention Map Source: Author Illustration

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WESTLAND: VEIN Intervention Collaborative Glass Houses Knowledge + Local Production Horticultural Park Local Identity

Recycling + Educating

Bike Line

Blue Network

Activity Generator

Visualization of Intervention Source: Author Illustration

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DEN HAAG: CAPILARITY ABOUT THE SITE

Intervention site general location Source: Developed by the urban fabric environment team

CULTURAL HUB

Located in the Schilderswijk neighbourhood, the most segregated area in The Hague, the ‘Capillarity’ strategy takes part in the linear axis formed by five streets. Within this path different spaces are connected: a cultural hub (art gallery, co-working spaces, workshops and a theatre) and park, a productive site (which may have the potential for transforming into something else), Schalk Burgerplein, the Haagse Markt (a very popular place) and the Groente en-fruitmarkt, a productive site where the majority of the businesses are car-workshops. Is in this place where an opportunity for creating a new centrality for the neighbourhood is envisioned.

Very close to this particular point we find the Den Haag Moerwijk train station. Also connected to this site is the Den Haag HS train station and a knowledge hub formed by two educational facilities: ROC Mondriaan and De Haagse Hogeschool.

PRODUCTIVE SITE SCHALK BURGERPLEIN

DEN HAAG HS

HAAGSE MARKT

KNOWLEDGE HUB

FUTURE CREATIVE AND KNOWLEDGE DISTRICT

Intervention site urban context Source: developed by the author

Intervention site pop-ups and links Developed by the author

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DEN HAAG: CAPILARITY

A NEW CENTRALITY IN SCHILDERSWIJK While researching about the educational offer that both of this facilities have, as well as others MBO’s in the city, I detected a lack of a creativeindustry related offer for students.

The linear axis connection with the culture and the knowledge hubs, in combination with the previous statement led me to propose the development of a new creative and knowledge district in this productive site; it would help The Hague develop a Next Economy oriented vision while making the community part of this project and giving them tools to improve their quality of life and have better opportunities.

This place has several advantages: a very good regional connection with other cities, particularly Rotterdam, Delft and Leiden through railroads, tram and train. The Den Haag Moerwijk train station is just 400 meters from the site. This would expand the influence ratio of the project beyond the neighbourhood limits, enabling students from other cities to take courses here and contribute to the integration of different social backgrounds.

Actual land use Source:developed by the author

Residential Commercial Facilities Productive Creative industry related Water canals Green areas

Walking experience / public space quality Developed by the author

Good Needs to improve

Also an analysis of the present problematics in the site was necessary.

LEIDEN Intervention site pop-ups and links Source: developed by the author

S100 DEN HAAG CENTRAAL

A12

DEN HAAG HS S100

ROTTERDAM S100

S106

DEN HAAG MOERWIJK S105 S106 S106 Regional connections Developed by the author

ROTTERDAM DELFT

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S108

LEIDEN

The major problems found were the lack of mix uses around the site (is mostly residential) and the concentration of activity just around the Haagse Markt (it does not distribute to other places).

Urbanity + Tram connections Source: Developed by the author

The public space in general is of poor quality. Cars and parking lots occupy valuable space that could be redesigned as real public space for the neighbours.

Most active places Tram stops

There is lack of permeability between the productive site and the linear axis (a large barrier of houses), which separates the productive site from the rest of the community.

It was positive to realise the good local connectivity that it possesses given the numerous tram routes that pass within this area.

Also the waterfront of the canal is occupied by boat houses and it’s also in bad condition, in some areas in a neglected state.

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DEN HAAG: CAPILARITY TRANSFORMING SCHILDERSWIJK WITH A CREATIVE AND KNOWLEDGE DISTRICT Having a clear image of the challenges and opportunities of the site, a new version of the area is proposed. In this urban intervention, small actions will be the detonators for the transformation of the place and the integration of a new set of activities that will work side by side with the productive and entrepreneurial ones already present The main goal of this proposal is the creation of new education and job opportunities for the inhabitants of this area, facilitating their participation within the Next Economy.

For this, through an analysis of the existing buildings of the site, two of them are selected for transformation. One of them will be adapted as a creative-industry related MBO, which will host a diverse program and educational offer.

The area used as a parking lot between the market and the site will be transformed into a formal linear park with an underground parking.

Also the first floor of the houses along this park will be transformed into commercial use that will serve both the neighbours and the students of the MBO and promote the interaction with other streets as well as the Haagse Markt and the Schalk Burgerplein.

A direct connection will be made between the park and the core of the facilities. In this place a new building will be built for hosting a sustainability research centre, related to the urban farm that

is already being under construction as well as to engage with the activities developed in the Westland. A pedestrian square will be created in the space between this research centre and the coworking & studios place to promote the relation between them.

The waterfront of the canal behind the MBO will be renovated, a public square will be built there and a number of boats hosting commercial activity (cafés, restaurants, bars) will be placed here. A direct connection will be established through the construction of 2 pedestrian bridges.

LINEAR PARK + UNDERGROUND PARKING + MIX USE IN HOUSES FIRST FLOOR

MARKET

The second one will be adapted as a place where both alumni and outsiders will be working together in co-working spaces, studios and workshops. An interaction between the MBO, the students, renowned professionals and the existing businesses and entrepreneurs in the actual site will be pursuit through close collaboration in the joint development of the projects.

CONNECTION BETWEEN LINEAR PARK AND KNOWLEDGE/CREATIVE DISTRICT FACILITIES IMPROVEMENT OF THE PUBLIC SPACE

SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH CENTER CO-WORKING + WORKSHOPS+ STUDIOS

CENTER FOR BUSINESSES

Den Haag Moderwijk station

URBAN FARM CREATIVE MBO/ UNIVERSITY

A new vision for Schilderswijk Source: Developed by the author A new vision for Schilderswijk Source: developed by the author

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WATERFRONT RENOVATION + COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY + 2 BRIDGES CONNECTION

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DEN HAAG: CAPILARITY

Image of the revitalization of the waterfront canal Source: developed by the author

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centre

XI - 2. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

DEN HAAG: TRANSMITTING CREATIVITY The project ‘Transmitting Creativity’ can be seen as a branch of the project ‘Capillarity’. The chief concept is to transform the void spaces in the road Hoefkade, which functions as the main road in the relatively segregated Schilderswijk District, into an axis that connects to three important clusters in the city by various cultural activities, including creative district, knowledge hub and cultural district.

Art Corridors

Knowledge hub

The major programme is to involve local residents into identity creation by establishing a collaboration with the creative district. Local residents generate ideas for the creation, students from the creative district (can also happen to be the local residents) help provide technical support and consultation, while visitors can interact with the local residents to get a better understanding of the area and provide feedback.

Students

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Creative activities

ck ba ed e→ c Fe ← rodu Int

← Su Idea pp ort s →

local residents

← Learning Support→

Visitors

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DEN HAAG: TRANSMITTING CREATIVITY There are several small interventions planted along Hoefkade: 1. Rearrange the messy street profile and provide complete bicycle lane along the road.

2. Upgrade the existing community centre into a creative workstation that holds activities and events which involve students from new creative district in the west, local residents and visitors, such as workshop, lecture, placemaking movement, etc.

Creative Workstation

3. The public spaces along Hoefkade, including neighbourhood squares and parks, are transformed by placemaking movement into designed spaces and event places with welcoming atmosphere and local identity.

Land-use Analysis

4. In order to guide visitors to the surrounded public spaces, vegetation and pavement were used to create visual leads Event place / Open Exhibition

Space Syntax Analysis

Cleaner Street Profile

Placemaking

Pavement or Vegetation Guide

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Walking Experience Analysis

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DEN HAAG: TRANSMITTING CREATIVITY By transmitting creative and cultural elements along the void space in Hoefkade, the project is helpful to facilitate the interaction between local residents and outsiders, as well as to enhance the social inclusiveness and social cohesion in the neighbourhood.

Creative Workstation Ring-building Transformation

Street Market Placemaking

Bike line

Outdoor Exhibition Welcoming Public Space

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INTERVENTION SITE 3:

DELFT - MIDDEN DELFLAND - HORIZONTAL AXIS by Daniel Ferrer & Rebeca Rabello - CROWNING by Chen, Yun-shih

Horizontal Axis

Crowning

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DELFT - MIDDEN DELFLAND

Delft Historical Centre

Delft Midden-Delfland

The Delft and Midden Delfland areas see passing through of infrastructures connecting cities, such as highway, railway, and canal. These fast network, however, results in barriers separating local clusters.

TU Delft

Schiedam Vlaardingen

Industrial Area

Schipluiden Photos showing the barriers caused by the A13 highway.

Source: EMU students

Analysis of the current north-south barriers in the Delft area.

Source: EMU students / Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data.

Polders & Pasture lands

Maasland

The goal of the Delft and Midden Delfland interventions is to mend the partition caused by infrastructure, street configuration, or the indifference of local industries of the area. The intention is to study the talents or potentials of different groups of people, local productions and communities, and identify opportunities to integrate activities so as to provide betterments in the Next Economy services.

Infrastructure, public transportation system, and feature clusters in the Delft - Midden Delfland area.

Source: EMU students Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data.

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Vlaardingen Historical Centre

Schiedam Historical Centre

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DELFT - MIDDEN DELFLAND

TOURISTS: - traditional/local-industry related activities - diversity of things to do

Student office Sports & Culture Centre

Yes! Delft

Delft art centre Different groups of people in Delft-Midden Delfland area.

Source: TUDelft / Midden-Delfland.net / ‘s Heeren Loo / Yes!Delft

Through the study of different stakeholders’ interests, the infrastructure and transportation system, and the potential resources in the area, we found a lot of potential connections between diverse groups of people. For example, the students seeking parttime jobs can support when the farmers call for aids; researchers with new innovations, can also show their ideas to visitors. Moreover, many semi-public organizations, such as youth scouting association, care centres, student office, etc, with their dedication in social works or skill training, can be conceivable organizers for integrating various clusters.

Intelligence-disabled Care Centre

STUDENT: - part-time jobs - cultural-life experiences - recreational/ leisure activity - socialization SCHOLARS/ RESEARCHERS: - knowledge implementation - innovation experimentation

FARMERS: - temporary helpers (farming aid) - more markets at home - equipment/facility improvement

CARE-CENTRE USERS: - sense of achievement/participation - learning-by-doing education - skills training (communication/interaction) - socialization

YOUTH SCOUTS: - practice of social works - organizing skill/ leadership trainings

Christian Open School

Senior Care Centre

LOCAL RESIDENTS: - nearby green spaces for leisure - diversity of choices of recreational activities - social integration/ local participation

Diagram of the local inclusion mechanism.

Source: EMU students

Thus, we proposed the inclusion of local participation in the course of planning, making use of existing or new commercial centres, to increase liveability and integrate people, pertaining to the essence of the Next Economy.

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Stakeholders analysis and mapping of commercial and semi-public functions within the Delft - Midden Delfland area.

Source: EMU students Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data.

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DELFT - MIDDEN DELFLAND Based on the concept, in physical connection, we propose a slow-speed network under the framework of the existed public transportation system to provide accessibility for events going, meeting up, knowledge exchange, and creative innovation. The main idea is to ensure delicate and through-scale connections at the appropriate location with opportune forms rather than link everything. In this way sufficient environmental protection to the productive landscape can be maintained. The network not only offer new opportunities for people to interact, but also include them in the process of production, innovation, and planning, inviting all users together to build their own living environment.

Within the slow-network system, two interventions were proposed as initiating projects for the plan. The Horizontal Axis project in Delft exhibits the reuse of industrial spaces and the upgrading of the industry.

The Crowning project at the border of Midden Delfland, Vlaardingen, and Schiedam, on the other hand, portraits the scenario of integrating local production clusters and residential neighbourhoods, turning the impact of constructing new infrastructure into benefit.

Horizontal Axis

Crowning

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Proposal of the slow-speed network.

Source: EMU students Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data.

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DELFT: HORIZONTAL AXIS As described previously on the local analysis of Delft, the city’s main issues are the lack of alternative urban life centres filled with commercial, cultural, recreational areas and gathering places.

Another problematic issue is the north-south barriers created by the roads and railway infrastructures; and the lack of east-west connections at strategic points connecting both sides of the city.

Additionally, the Schieweg district presents obsolete postindustrial areas that can be retrofitted and regenerated in order to answer to local demands of housing, leisure and businesses spaces. The district also has a significant amount of businesses and service providers that have not updated themselves and are in danger of becoming completely obsolete.

Therefore, the strategy for Delft aims at improving the city’s eastwest connections, enhancing the quality of life of its inhabitants by offering quality public spaces and additional housing and businesses options. It also aims at upgrading outdated local businesses and service providers by promoting a knowledge exchange between these businesses and the university research initiatives.

0

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1km

Criss-Crossing

Re-using the spaces

Innovation influx

Industrial towards city

0

The existed flow of people and activity.

Source: EMU students /basemap: Top10NL GIS data

0.5km

Large scale (left) and local scale (right) analysis Source: EMU students /basemap: Top10NL GIS data

The intervention to generate horizontal flow of people and activity.

Source: EMU students /basemap: Top10NL GIS data

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DELFT: HORIZONTAL AXIS

b. Retrofit of post-industrial residential area

building

into

ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL SPACES

TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL SPACES

c. Development of the northern part of the Schieweg into a public gathering space with a cultural building with semi-open theatre, business buildings with mixed used ground floors and a diverse cafes and commerce services and public market square

Examples of industry upgrading (right 2).

Source: Google / Betahaus-berlin Delft interventions (below).

Source: EMU students /basemap: Top10NL GIS data

e. Physical connection between the Technopolis and the southern part of Schieweg f. Transferring of the existing Beta Factory MBO from Abstwoudseweg to southern part of Schieweg g. Implementation of testing area for Self-driving cars, that could work alongside with the Beta Factory and the existing Rollema logistics and distribution centre

INTEGRATION WITH THE CITY

a. Physical connection between the TU Delft Campus and the Voorhof and Emerald neighbourhoods

d. Elevated platform connecting the new public space to Voorhof. This will decrease the costs of interventions on the existing train tracks to enable the connection between both areas

TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL SPACE

The strategies are translated into 7 punctual interventions:

c

a

d b g f

Collage of transformation of industrial spaces.

Source: EMU students Spatial Industrial Evolution

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0

e

500 M

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DELFT: HORIZONTAL AXIS The main vision for the Delft area is to provide quality public spaces for its inhabitants, use obsolete areas to answer to local demands and boost local economy, link the knowledge produced within the city to local businesses in danger of disappearing in the context of the Next Economy and better the east-west connections within the city.

Perspective scenario of the Horizontal Axis interventon in Delft.

Source: EMU students

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Aerial of Midden Delfland and the new-built A4 highway.

Source: Siebe Swart [accessed from: nrc.nl]

MIDDEN-DELFLAND Analysing the scapes in the Midden-Delfland, the bufferzone area between the Hague and Rotterdam, the productive landscape present the rich history of polder settlements and farming culture. Being the oldest pasture land in the Netherlands, the municipality is also the first Dutch member of the Cittaslow organization, the international mark of accreditation for municipalities that provide the highest quality living environment, local produce, hospitality, natural environment, infrastructure, cultural history and identity preservation.

Midden-Delfland offers the grasslands for the important cattle-raising production of the Dutch Agri-food sector.

Moreover, it also provides an oasis of open space and tranquillity where local residents and visitors can enjoy various of green-blue nature and the overwhelming Dutch polder landscape. Many routes have been mapped out which will take cyclists, walkers and skaters through the vast open peat meadow landscape with its authentic villages. The brooks and canals also make the landscape appealing to those with an interest for water sports.

On the other hand, the area suffers the barriers drawn by the passing through of infrastructures, flooding risks, and the inconvenience of lacking accessibility. Discontinuity and tortuosity of the bike lanes, in the meanwhile, also provide a relatively low profile in terms of the experience of cycling through this buffer zone.

Recently, the highway A4 was opened in the early 2016.

The installation of the new infrastructure, however, tend to separate completely the infrastructure and the landscape. Nevertheless, in the border of Midden-Delfland, Vlaardingen, and Schiedam municipalities, the tunnelled design of the highway tend to bridge the barriers of local neighbourhoods with the use of landscape. Evaluating the design, there are more potentials which can be integrated with the new infrastructure.

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XI - 3. INTERVENTION PROJECTS Local recreational activity.

AGRI-FOOD

MIDDEN-DELFLAND

Local production-related markets or activity.

Feature clusters

DAIRY PRODUCT

Source: Gemeente Midden-Delfland

FARMING-AID

FIELD EXPERIENCE

FLOWER Source: Koos van Beeck

WATER ACTIVITY

Source: Gemeente Midden-Delfland

SPORTS 0

1km

Analyses map of the Midden-Delfland, Vlaardingen, and Schiedam area. Mapping of resources and local clusters.

Source: EMU Students / Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data

Source: Midden-Delfland.net

At the Midden-Delfland area, with the rich diversity of landscapes, the municipalities, several agricultural, cultural associations and farmers also acted vigorously together to boost local market, to extend their hospitality to visitors to enjoy and get informed with the great assets they have. On many Midden-delfland websites, we can see agendas full of farming-aid activities, farmhouse workshops, aqua-sports, or advertisement for farmhouse restaurants. The local communities work actively and closely.

Also, as previously mentioned, there are many semi-public facilities such as youth scouting, senior care centre, which now however worked in an isolated way, indifferent from their neighbourhoods and landscape. The map at the left page shows the clusters and patches of the local activities, production, resources, and potentials. Another map at the bottom-left portraits the areas unreachable by public transportation, and the protected lands for wildlife or environment.

Photos showing the rich landscape resources and local production activity in the Midden-Delfland area.

local-activity clusters > 750M walking distance from public transportation protected/controlled for grassland birds pasturelands grazing up to 2 livestocks per acre

Source: Midden-Delfland.net

Source: Midden-Delfland.net

Analyses map of the unreachability by public transportation, local activity clusters, and natural protected lands.

Source: EMU Students / Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data

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0

1km

Source: Midden-Delfland.net

Farmers seeking for more economic opportunities for the local production.

Source: Midden-Delfland Vereniging. [accessed from www.middendelflandvereniging.nl/]

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MIDDEN-DELFLAND: CROWNING

New tram stop

Bike rental/return point

way

i gh

gy nolo lft) e tech Bio- ledge (D know

H A4

Bio-waste resources

Upper Entrance

A4 Park city Kiosk/ bike store

Tree structure of the Nortnern Vlaardingen and Schiedam, and the Crowning intervention.

Source: EMU Students / Basemap source: Top10NL GIS data

Bio-energy Park Bio-energy Plant New neighborhood

Tram: extension

The A4 highway Dak Park project.

Source: Rijkswaterstaat, Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, A4 Process report.

Eco-linking

Re-branding

-Extension of tram lines/stops -Bike routes with special pavement -Motorways leading activity-providers to the Activity Parks.

-Activity Park I: welcoming lounge, multifunction spaces for activity and events -Activity Park II: market places, bike rental/ return points, truck renting/parking -Sports Park -Natural-scape Park

Activity Park I Natural-scape Park

Activity Park II Sports Park

Tram: new line

Tram: new stop

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MIDDEN-DELFLAND: CROWNING “Local communities flourish when given the opportunity to recognize and share their special qualities, particularly when they discover they have a unique identity which is valued by others.”

- Yamazaki Ryo As a strategic intervention, the Crowning project is proposed to break the segregation caused by the tree-structure configuration of the neighbourhoods. The eco-linking, re-branding, and em-powering strategies are implemented in the design.

Tram: new line

Natural-scapes Park Sports Park Tram: new line

Activity Park II

Hall 2

Youth scouting

Hall 3

Bike point

Parking

Hall 1 lab/workshop

Activity Park I

welcome point/ multi-use space

Bio-energy Park

Bio-energy Plant

y

log

o hn ec ) /t ge elft led UD ow (T

Kn

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Crowning intervention scenario perspective.

Source: EMU Students

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INTERVENTION SITE 4:

ROTTERDAM - ROOTING by Tatiana Rojas Molina - HOPPING by Juliana Nakagawa Fernandes - REANIMATING by Sanjana Ahmed

Hopping Reanimating

Rooting

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ROTTERDAM ATTRACT & CONNECT PATCHES As starting point of our project, we found the location of the main business, production, innovation and knowledge clusters or “patches� in Rotterdam that are either working well today or that have the potential to become next economy clusters in the future. In the north of Rotterdam we mapped: Central station, Stadshavens, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Campus, the Kop Van Zuid, Maashaven, Parkstad, Feyenoord Stadium, Lombardijen, Zuidplein, Waalhaven.

From previous analysis we identify that the patches that are working better are most of the times located in the north of Rotterdam with few exceptions like the RDM campus and the Kop Van Zuid. In the south, we identify the areas with potential but not yet working well as clusters for the next economy. Some examples are the Zuidplein area in the centre of South Rotterdam and its adjacent shifting industrial polygon, the Parkstad area in a strategic node near the Feyenoord stadium and the waterfront, the Waalhaven in the port area, and the Lombardijen train station area.

Patches of centralilities and potential areas Source: data provided from the course Design & Planning Support Tools

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ROTTERDAM ATTRACT & CONNECT PATCHES & CORRIDORS The next step was to identify the spatial connections or what we called “corridors” between the clusters, “patches”. For this task we analysed when these corridors work well or badly at both the global and local scale, most of the times they are also barriers between the neighborhoods at a local level.

The aim of detecting patches and corridors is to reinforce them when it is need to create a vibrant South Rotterdam with a strong local identity which can attract new economic and social dynamics.

At the same time South Rotterdam would become a fractal part of the regional South Wing strategy which aim is to attract new knowledge, business and innovation creating the environments that make this region attractive, and strengthen the regional connections between them. For this, we purpose three intervention areas Zuidplein, Parkstad, and Waalhaven.

Patches and corridors + areas of intervention Source: data provided from the course Design & Planning Support Tools

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ROTTERDAM ATTRACT & CONNECT ACCESSIBILITY The north and the south of Rotterdam have an unbalanced concentration of centralities. The north concentrates more activities and functions, and so the accessibility by public transport is more uniformly distributed. On the other hand, the south lacks of urban vitality and activities, and it may be considered that this part of the city function separately. Some missing functional links between north and south, and even inside the south, can be identified.

One of the missing links is the need of a third bridge crossing the River Maas and connecting the south area of the city with the east on the other side of the bank, allowing a connection with the Erasmus University Campus, which can be only reached through the north.

Nowadays there are two bridges and a tunnel crossing the River Maas that establishes the connection north-south, besides one metro line and one train line, and some few boat connections. The city as a whole lacks a better connection by public transportation on the direction west-south-east.

Current accessibility by public transportation Source: data provided from the course Design & Planning Support Tools

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ROTTERDAM: THE ROOTING ZUIDPLEIN SOUTH ROTTERDAM

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ROTTERDAM: THE ROOTING ZUIDPLEIN SOUTH ROTTERDAM

Located in a strategic place, the centre of South Rotterdam, the Zuidplein area is connected to the creative factory in Maashaven, The Kop Van Zuid and Central station in the north trough metro line.

However, The Zuidplein area is very much fragmented due to car oriented infrastructures that leads to poor local connections and integration between neighbourhoods. There is a lack of public space and street life and almost all the activity is happening inside the Zuidplein shopping centre.

Central Station

Kop Van Zuid

Creative Factory Barriers and islands Island 1: Zuidplein Almost all the activity is happening inside the shopping center.

Island 2: AHOY Vacant areas and the relation with the Zuidplein Park.

Zuidplein

Island 3: MBO`s cluster Land use, shifting industrial polygon, today MBOs area.

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ROTTERDAM: THE ROOTING ZUIDPLEIN SOUTH ROTTERDAM The aim of the project is to make South Rotterdam a better environment to attract new economic and urban dynamics and to strengthen the street life and local connections between the fragmented neighbourhoods.

ACTIONS Zipping: To downgrade the car oriented character of the Strevelsweg (Zuidplain front road), locating commercial uses along it outside the shopping Centre.

Attracting: Two nodes of public space and facilities to enhance the local integration between neighbourhoods by developing new public space and public facilities nodes.

Filtrating: To integrate the MBOs area at the east of the Zuiplein with public space and enhancing it as a future MBO cluster.

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Attracting

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XI - 4. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

ROTTERDAM: THE ROOTING ZUIDPLEIN SOUTH ROTTERDAM

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ROTTERDAM: THE HOPPING PARKSTAD SOUTH ROTTERDAM

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ROTTERDAM: THE HOPPING PARKSTAD SOUTH ROTTERDAM

INTERRUPTED GREEN CORRIDORS

The Parkstad area is an important node strategically located between areas of centralities consolidated, such as Kop Van Zuid, Zuidplein and Erasmus University Campus, and areas with potential for urban development and regeneration, such as Maashaven and Stadionpark.

The area is characterized by large areas of vacant land, left by the railway tracks no longer used, once it was used to attend the docks of Maashaaven and Rijnhaven. The area is crossed by the railway that establishes a barrier between the neighbourhood Feijenoord, the waterfront and the rest of South Rotterdam.

The node of Parkstad is located on the cross of two of the main routes of South Rotterdam that establish the connection with North Rotterdam Laan op Zuid, which connects Kop Van Zuid and Stadionpark by a viaduct over the railway tracks, and Rosestraat, which connects Feijenoord with Putselaan and other neighbourhoods of South Rotterdam.

LOW LOCAL CONNECTIVITY AND MISSING LINKS

The vacant land in Parkstad form a physical barrier between Kop Van Zuid, Feijenoord, Stadionpark and Afrikaanderwijk. These barriers result in a fragmentation of the area, once continuous routes between neighbourhoods and green structures of boulevards are interrupted, and economic corridors and areas of economic activities are isolated. In the riverside, the shifting industry is today also a physical barrier between the neighbourhoods and the waterfront.

ISOLATED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

ROSESTRAAT LAAN OP ZUID

FRAGMENTED AREA Ground floor commercial activities Green corridors

PUTSELAAN RAILWAY TRACKS

Vacant land Boat connection Tram line

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ROTTERDAM: THE HOPPING PARKSTAD The project aims to enhance the potential node of Parkstad and, together with other interventions, make of South Rotterdam more self-sufficient and attract new urban dynamics. In order to make of Parkstad a new centrality in the city, new spatial conditions are created by reducing the spatial segregation between neighbourhoods and blurring the barriers, that might stimulate local entrepreneurship and economic vitality through a mixed and diversified environment.

ZIPPING ACTIVE AXIS LAAP ON ZUID continuous routes between neighborhoods

HOPPING INFRASTRUCTURE PARK + PUBLIC SPACE CROSSING LEAPING BRIDGE CONNECTION improved accessibility ATTRACTING NODE living + working INTERACTING WATERFRONT production + living + leisure

CROSSING the vacant land barriers by continuous routes

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INTERACTING to connect and integrate neighborhoods with the waterfront

LEAPING to improve connection with the other side of the river and Erasmus University

ZIPPING the railway and Laan op Zuid transforming into an active axis

HOPPING between infrastructures by the creation of active public spaces

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ROTTERDAM: THE HOPPING PARKSTAD SOUTH ROTTERDAM

Laan op Zuid Active commercial axis

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Landmark Enhancement of the node and head of the bridge

Neighborhood connections

Improved accessibility by car-pedestrian-bicycle connection

Bridge over Nieuwe Maas

Articulation of public spaces beneath infrastructures

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ROTTERDAM: REANIMATING WAALHAVEN SOUTH ROTTERDAM

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ROTTERDAM: REANIMATING WAALHAVEN SOUTH ROTTERDAM The land use map shows the pattern of a predominance of some specific programs in the Waalhaven post-industrial site area. The area houses light industries, services and logistics related companies operating in a larger scale to serve in a regional scale.

The commercial centre Zuidplein serving as the one and only area to provide shopping and other recreational facilities cannot serve sufficiently compared to the number of people living in this particular area. Therefore, the people of the southern side of the port have to naturally depend on the commercial and recreational area of the north of Rotterdam port which is close to the old city centre.

Land use plan Waalhaven

The intervention area for this site included the dock area of Waalhaven to be reanimated or retrofitted in a manner that it goes in line with the existing shifting characters of the area.

The boost-up project which was proposed in the first phase of the design was elaborated and accompanied with creative hubs and co-working spaces for the graduating students of the MBO’s of that area.

Exploded axono of intervention area

Intervention Waalhaven

The retail corridor connecting Waalhaven with Zuidplein was consolidated to integrate better with the segregated neighbourhoods in the surrounding area. Overall the retrofitting of these post-industrial sites will have an overarching effect on the southern part of the Rotterdam port in order to make this area self-sufficient and to compete with the north.

Collage visualizing the area after ntervention

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ROTTERDAM The goal is to achieve transit connections with existing and future urban and regional economic clusters in the city. This improved accessibility might be the initial start for the development of the area and allows a better connection west-south-east.

Through mobility, we are able to integrate all the city in one network of accessibility and allow the access to the several functions and centralities in the city and the creation of new centralities that can co-work together with the existing ones, making different areas of the city self-sufficient and less subordinated to the north.

Increasing and improving the connectivity and, consequently creating an integrated transport network that connects all the urban centres of the city, might bring advantages to the south part of the city in order to boost its development and environment.

Once social segregated areas of the city get closer to more affluent areas, it is possible to develop new initiatives that can increase the liveability and vitality of those areas.

It is proposed that the current station located next to Feyenoord Stadium, that nowadays works temporary, becomes a permanent station in order to serve the neighbourhood and the future development of the waterfront line in the southeast of Rotterdam together with the Stadionpark redevelopment.

The construction of a third bridge crossing the River Maas might be seen as a new landmark for the city and it will allow a direct connection with the Erasmus University Campus, and it will be complemented by the extension of a tram line that crosses the south part of the city. Additionally, a new tram line is proposed to establish the connection between the harbour of WaalhavenZuidplein-Feyenoord Stadium; the creation of this new line might create conditions for the appearance of a set of new centralities along its route and on the waterfront line. New boat connections are also proposed, improving the integration between both banks of the river and the integration of this former port areas with the urban fabric.

PROJECTED ACCESSIBILITY BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

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INTERVENTION SITE 5:

PORT OF ROTTERDAM - THE MAGNET by Iulia Sirbu - THE ENERGY PARK by Magdalini Papadam - GENERATOR by Yan, Jingyue

Generator

Magnet

Energy Park

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CITY PORT: THE MAGNET

REGIONAL SCALE City, port and nature meet here. Once the largest port for fruit trade, now is turning into a modern working and innovative area.

This spot is bonded through a diverse and good transportation infrastructure to its surroundings: Rotterdam, Schiedam, RDM, Port, Midden Delfland and Delft. Through blue-green structures, attributes of the diverse surrounding areas such as manufacturing, knowledge, leisure, natural resources are being discharged into the Cityport. Therefore, it becomes a place where companies, universities, research centres, light industries and other urban facilities come together.

The cityport is a strategic location together with other two spots within the port of Rotterdam. They have been chosen due to the already existing potentials each place has. All of them benefit from a good existing infrastructure- as in water network, road etc, platforms for interaction- such as informative points and social media, and global and regional connections- in terms of energy distribution, trading and worldwide corporates. All these are to be enhanced through our 3 interventions that represent guidelines for the common challenge: supporting the process of transition to a sustainable energy orientated port. But, the scale and time factor - as in short/long-term impacts and scale related impactsdefine the types of interventions.

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CITY PORT: THE MAGNET As leisure, fresh air, natural resources recycle as leisure, fresh air, natural resources recycle and identity protection. It has the potential to enhance the multi-functionality of the place and creating a suitable and attractive environment for businesses and industry while keeping long-term need for sustainable energy demand.

Kernel density map of leisure clusters and transportation proximity

PHASE 1 Local integration, Road Bike infrastructure

PHASE 2 Connection to the urban life, Green & Blue structures, mediator between urban and postindustrial sites

PHASE 3 Connection to the wildlife, Diversity of ecosystems services

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LOCAL SCALE It becomes a strategic location due to the multitude of sectors that can benefit from future planned developments. A landscape intervention would strengthen the integration within the urban sphere (Rotterdam and Schiedam) green and grey structures, would bring facilities specific to urban agglomerations while providing ecological services such as leisure, fresh air, natural resources recycle and identity protection. It has the potential to enhance the multi-functionality of the place and creating a suitable and attractive environment for businesses and industry while keeping long-term need for sustainable energy demand and for diversity of leisure and entertainment choices.

Kernel density map of leisure activities, Blue-green structures

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CITY PORT: THE MAGNET

GRADUAL TRANSFORMATION Each phase has social and digital goals that are being supported by the ecosystem services. The first phase wants to increase the awareness about the potential and challenges the place has for facilitating the access of the locals, visitors, entrepreneurs and volunteers. Further on, the physical landscape transformations attract new actors such as: companies, jobs, academic and research institutions and together with an opened public space and the help of digital component of our society, the interventions create platforms for interaction, financing and innovating. Therefore, it is created a propitious ecosystem for global companies, institutions and organizations, employees and researchers that to want to be there and not somewhere else.

The algae energy and leisure park represents a Suitable industry and academia that attracts businesses and offer jobs. the experience gained in smaller scale markets- costs will be reduced and the cultivation areas will be increased. utilisations of other type of plants of algae for biofuel.

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PHASE 1 Awareness

PHASE 2 Transparency, platform for interaction and crowdfunding

PHASE 3 Global connections

Re-structuring landscape bike paths Leisure & transit boat terminal

Leisure areas Research hub Green Dam- Panoramic bike & pedestrian route Re-purposing post-industrial legacy Local water Collection ponds Experimental Sustainable energy

Algae Park & Research Center Visitors Center Hydrogen (in-land) boats Boat Terminal Research hub Innovation hub Exhibition Hall

ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES

improving the air quality while enhancing recreation, health and improving the aesthetics

enhancing identity of the place and the cultural heritage while improving the recreational choices

provisioning of fresh water while supporting re-use of natural resources

improving the resource recycling while educating

enhancing biodiversity while educating

enhancing the identity while educatingtourism

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HEAVY PORT In the case of the Rotterdam harbour, we encounter a highly specialized site on petrochemical processes and distribution along with heavy industry, large scale logistics and energy production.

The strategy to be followed was formed with a vision of providing the right conditions for the port to go through the global economic and energy transition towards a sustainable and circular production system.

Based on the scenario of the demise of oil industry in the close future, the port needs to undergo an unprecedented alteration in order to survive and keep thriving. We need to ensure the employment as well as the provision of energy to the Dutch population. In the years to come, the port will have to alter its standardized way of functioning and adapt to the order of the next economy.

Existing situation in Botlek, Rotterdam port.

As explained previously on the Overall Site analysis, the strategic vision for the port aims at a productive ecosystem that thrives from alternative and sustainable solutions in the energy sector.

The proposed intervention is an innovative Energy Park focused on working as an experimental paradigm of alternative energy production, including bulk storage and transportation. The Energy Park will be part of a broader energy oriented strategy in the harbour area together with the Green Regenerator, which will be presented further on.

The Botlek area was chosen to accommodate the intervention due to its unique combination of spatial characteristics. Firstly, Botlek area is very well served by an extensive pipe network of significant transport capacity of CO2, chemical gases and liquids. The promising multicore pipe is already included in the underground infrastructure of the area as well as the heat pipe connecting the AVR incinerator with the city’s grid. Botlek is also the only case where steam surplus is redistributed between the different companies located

SELECTING THE SITE CO 2

e at pip

e AVR H

e at pip

e | He ore pip c lti u M CO 2 | Steam pipe d Share

|

1

ways Water

ay t Railw Freigh

ork d netw

& Roa

2

Layer analysis of Botlek area, Rotterdam.

1. Extensive pipes network 2. Multi-modal transportation network 3. Uses’ clustering

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ls | nts rmina ank Te | Energy pla T | ls a s ic e m iti e h en Petroc s | Port Am c Logisti

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XI - 5. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

HEAVY PORT: ENERGY PARK INTERVENTION

terdam to Rot

um

Centr

Energy Production Site Energy Distribution Station Main Entrance | Info Center

Thematic Exhbitions | Open-air Museum Panorama Tower Research & Development Park

The Energy Park - Proposed intervention in Botlek, Rotterdam port.

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in its site. Secondly, its special location fosters the flow of solid and liquid bulk material; Botlek is served by the port’s freight railway network, it is located near two major junctions of the road system and even easily accessed through the waterway. Thirdly, Botlek is a suitable site because it already concentrates several recycling and energy production sites working with alternative processes. This energy cluster combined with the infrastructure and expertise of leading petrochemical companies gives the chosen site potentials of a large-scale innovation hub.

The proposed intervention consists of three main parts: an actual energy production site – maintaining the existent use, a research and development park and a visiting site, open to the public. The latter has as primary goal promoting and communicating to the public the issue of energy transition and the ongoing activities occurring in the heavy port area. It will comprise general and thematic exhibitions dedicated to the different kinds of alternative energy, open-air museum about the energy sources related to the landscape, a venue suitable for both educational and professional activities and a panorama tower for people to observe the overall port area. The R&D park bears the concept of an area of innovative companies that need a larger scale research and experiment site; the objective is to attract investments and provide the next step to sustainable energy related initiatives that need a network base. In order to facilitate the mobility, a boat connection is added between the site and the center of Rotterdam while ships can also provide educational tours around the production area.

Collage visualizing the area’s concept according to the intervention.

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XI - 5. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

Collage of the scenerio of the Generator intervention Source: EMU Students

Land Reclamation Project in the Port area

HEAVY PORT: THE GENERATOR

For the vision in 2050, the Netherlands government and energy departments have determined to provide a completely renewable energy system for the country. To reach this target, in our design for 2040, the energy system in south Randstad must be changed thoroughly in the form of renewable and sustainable energy for next economy. The Rotterdam port, one of the most essential points of the country’s energy system, is now still generating electricity power mainly by fossil fuel.

The strategies are crossing scales of regional, local and the flows in between. More than a Green Generator for the energy, the intervention is located at a junction of Green energy system for the region to balance the output and input.

In our intervention of the Green Generator for the port, we use Eco-linking and En-powering strategies. . En-powering is a strategy by process, start with implementation of new energy research clusters into the port area. While the fossil fuel gradually fading out from the port, the renewable energy plants will become the new generator for the energy system. Eco-linking connects and enhance the interaction of North and South of the port. This strategy enhances current blue - green networks into a synergy of slow mobility and renewable energy transformation system.

Diversity of landscape.

The out-puts, such as agriculture waste in Westland, can be the in-puts for the energy production. Through the engine of systemic design of green-blue network, the cycles can be re-link by connect the two side of the Port. Closing the loop offers an approach to huge consumption

and shortage of natural resource.

By replacing the nodes of energy production and sharing current infrastructure structure for transport energy and resource, a back-up infra-system for current energy system will be set-up. Once the new sustainable energy system is competitive enough to the current system, the latter could be replaced by it. To fulfil the completely green energy vision in 2050, current green-blue networks should be restructured by systemic design for a realistic green infra-system.

Eco-link of Westland, the Port and Brielle

By linking the north and south of the port, the intervention will improve the public accessibility and logstic transportation on the two side of the Port. These will benefit the Generator’s implantation.

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Commuting time by different transportation

Phase 1 Increase environment for accessibility of research departments for renewable energy

Starting Implementation of Green- generator

Phase 2 Tunnel + CO2 pipe line + logistic center for bio-waste / multifunctional use of recreational space : i.e. conference centre remixing Multi-functional use of Landscape

Phase 3 Further land reclamation: expansion of phase 1 test site to renewable energy power plants and bio-waste storage space Generating Expansion of Green Energy

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THE PORT OF ROTTERDAM VISION 2040

CO2

The heavy port of Rotterdam as one of the main generator of economic activities of South Holland which is mostly composed by oil based production and distribution companies, is recognized as a mono-directional productive area. In our intervention, we picture the threat of a scenario of this oil based production giving its place to other profitable businesses of the new era with the downturn of oil business. Our goal is to portray a whole new image of the heavy port where both the production and distribution system of energy function in a rather circular and sustainable cycle. The vision for the port was therefore portrayed in three different characters based on their functionality. The eastern part of the heavy port as shown before works as the radiation point of clean energy where the area being an energy park itself, not only works as production and research area for alternative energy, but also influences other oil based productive companies to switch their production in a new direction. The whole idea is to make this new clean energy production site to be well integrated with the city by recycling domestic waste generated in the urbanized area and later feeding back to the power supply in order to complete its circular production method.

Next to the Energy Park is the Green Generator, a promising breathing point in the middle of two different types of production area. The idea was to craft a green productive area right in the middle of the port which allows the city to reconnect with the port once again by using it as a recreational area with unique and different facilities. The project houses natural green area to use as camping grounds as well as other outdoor activities which gives the whole port a new level of functionality. The third part is the Maasvlakte area, which inevitably remains as deep see port with heavy oil based industry and large logistics services. If seen as a whole, the vision for the port is to convert into more than the a highly productive site; our ultimate goal is to support the port’s transition into the demanding ambient of the next economy as a circular production system focused on constant recycling of resources and therefore sustainable, resilient and better integrated with the city fabric.

Vision of the consolidated sustainable port of Rotterdam

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XI - 6. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

INTERVENTION SITE 6:

DORDRECHT - RECONNECTING THE CITY TO ITS INDUSTRY by Pablo Pajares

Reconnecting the City to its Industry

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XI - 6. INTERVENTION PROJECTS

DORDRECHT RECONNECTING THE CITY TO ITS INDUSTRY

Historic Core and industrial areas broke relation nowadays.

KNOWLEDGE + PRODUCTION = INNOVATION

New developing areas with a maritime school become the connection with traditional shipping industry.

FROM LOCAL TO REGIONAL

In order to develop a better connection between the shipping industry and local know-how of the city the strategy is to generate a knowledge cluster, a maritime school that could attract young talents and benefit from the closeness of the big companies.

Spatially this will generate a trigger situation that will continue attracting more education facilities than could continue the innovation in the dredging and shipping technology.

It will be located in a soon to be developed area close to the city center which could be connected also to recent regeneration projects that have been focusing in culture and leisure, altogether this could become an attractive lively area that could bring more mixed uses that can’t be found in the city center.

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DORDRECHT RECONNECTING THE CITY TO ITS INDUSTRY

New residential areas connected to the center.

Source: available at www.vanbeekrietveldbeaufort.nl/dordrecht.

Improve waterbus connections with train and bus stations.

Source: available at http://aqualiner.nl/ halte/rotterdam-heijplaat

Reuse of old industrial buidling for cultural programs Source: available at www.dearchitect.nl

Recycling of old shipyard into a Maritime School Source: available at https://www.flickr.com/ photos/delfzijl/20280902680,

New projects for leisure and public space next to the waterfront.

Source: available at www.rtvdordrecht.nl

Leisure and cultural route established.

Source: availablet at https://thehappyhunterblog.wordpress.com/2015/03/08/ experience-villa-augustus/.W

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DORDRECHT RECONNECTING THE CITY TO ITS INDUSTRY

KNOWLEDGE SPACES Source: available at http://www.leerpark.nl/leren/ informatie/het-leerpark/

SPATIAL AND NON SPATIAL CONNECTIONS COLLAGE

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PUBLIC + KNOWLEDGE +INNOVATION SPACE

INDUSTRiAL SPACES Source: available at http://m.maritimepress.co.kr/ news/articleView.html?idxno=771

“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.”

- Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities.

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Metropooling the Zuidvleugel

XII CONCLUSION

PROJECT OVERVIEW

VISION 2040 SYNAPSIS CAPILARITY HORIZONTAL AXIS ROOTING JUMPING ZIPPING POST-INDUSTRIAL RETROFIT POST-INDUSTRIAL REGENERATION LOCAL UPGRADE INDUSTRIAL SHIFT ECO-LINKING RE-BRANDING EN-POWERING

Overview of key project sites and the specific strategic interventions

Key project sites & specific strategic interventions (above)

Following the overall strategy (Attract & Connect) and the sub-strategies for each of the three different environments the maps show how each of the chosen project sites requires specific interventions in the particular local context.

Vision for 2040 (right)

• The different environments are well interconnected without having lost their unique characteristics.

• The different clusters and communities in the urban areas are well connected within themselves and between each other. An efficient point-to-point public transport network links the places within one Metropolitan Region.

• Different economic specializations strengthen the economic productivity of the region and maintain the local identity of each city.

• Well integrated productive sites around the living environment provide ideal conditions or were transformed into inhabited areas.

• Large green corridors link cities and places within the region.

• The dynamic triggered by the first interventions has spread all over the region.

• Backbone of the knowledge based economy is the interconnected university and research lifeline of different scope along the central railway line, the region´s fast and comfortable connection to the world.

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Vision for a fractal (specialized) & integrated Metropolitan Region

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XIII

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