RETROFIT LAS CRUCES / TU WIEN 2021 by Santiago Pradilla

RETROFIT LAS CRUCES BOGOTÁ Urban Design Studio SoSe 2021

CONTENT Preface 4 Introduction 6 Context Las Cruces Neighbourhood

Emerging topics for Urban Design Task

URBAN DESIGN PROJECTS

Comunidad productiva

Mano a mano

Crecer juntos

Patio de la unión

Calle de la vida

El tacto - impacto

El patio grande

Centr-all 70 La manzana productiva verde

Primer paso 80 Didactic: Design process

Design tools

Sum up

Participants 92 Housing projects List of figures

95 112

Imprint 114

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION Text TISS Issue A growing urban population, a global housing crisis, an increasing gap between rich and poor and an urgent need to adapt and mitigate climate change are some of the most important contemporary challenges in urban design. Retrofitting is an effective strategy to meet these issues. It deals with the development of existing neighbourhoods through densification, re-greening, diversification of residents, uses and activities. By adapting the already build the cities save resources and benefit from existing infrastructure. Retrofitting tends to improve the urban environment for the local population and creates potentials for the future development. In huge metropolises like Bogotá, Retrofitting is especially needed in deteriorated low-income neighbourhoods. Location Las Cruces is a neighbourhood in the historic city center of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. The Latin American metropolis with 8.2 million has experienced rapid population growth in the last century, which urban design has not been able to keep up with. As a result, the city has a dispersed structure with strong socio-economic polarization and micro segregation. Informal settlements developed on the outskirts and marginalized inner-city neighbourhoods in the city center. Las Cruces is part of the “Arrival City Bogotá” located within 10 minutes walking from the commercial and political city center it is separated by an invisible border of stigmatization due to poverty and insecurity. While the colonial architecture is still present the neighbourhood shows a high evidence of physical deterioration and there is a great number of tenements. Las Cruces has around 11.000 residents and a surface of 48 hectares. It is a predominantly residential neighbourhood with low story buildings, many of them “productive dwellings” with local commerce, crafts and micro industry. The living conditions of Las Cruces are very precarious, and the neighbourhood ur-

gently needs Retrofitting strategies to be able to tackle actual and future challenges. Project The urban design project focuses on the global emerging topics of affordable housing for the local, socioeconomically disadvantaged population and of productive neighbourhoods. In our case this means respecting the local identity and retaining as well as increasing local workplaces and job opportunities in Las Cruces. Within the neighbourhood several locations characterized through vacant and underused plots, buildings or blocks are identified as potential locations and up for Retrofitinterventions.

CONTEXT LAS CRUCES NEIGHBOURHOOD

BOGOTÁ Las Cruces is a neighbourhood in the historic city centre of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. The Latin American metropolis with 7.8 million (2021) inhabitants is situated on a high plateau in the Andes at 2625 meters above sea level. The cities landscape is dominated by a mountain range running north-south and limiting the city to the east. (Due to this fact most of the city maps are orientated with the east to the top). At the foot of this mountain range, Bogotá was founded as a compact city. Nevertheless, in the last century, it has experienced rapid population growth which led to an enormous expansion; especially in the North-South direction. Formal urban development has not been able to keep up with this evolution while various inner-city neighbourhoods have fallen into decay and became marginalized areas with tenements, informal settlements developed on the outskirts. Nowadays Bogotá has a dispersed structure with strong socioeconomic polarization and microsegregation. While the north is known to be the socioeconomic rich part of the city, the south and south-west are identified as the socioeconomic poor part of the city. This socioeconomic classification is institutionalized by the so-called Estratos – six defined socio-economic levels which should enable socioeconomic balance but rather led to more segregation. Administratively, the city is structured into 20 districts, which are further divided into neighbourhoods called barrios. The rectangular grid of streets is structured into Carreras running North-South and Calles running East-West. The cities transport is organized by buses, primarily by a BRT system called Transmilenio.

HISTORIC CITY CENTER The historic city center is composed by the districts La Candelaria, Santa Fé and Los Mártires. Until the 50s these districts formed a continuous urban fabric, with mixed uses, a socioeconomic diverse population and transport based on a tram system. After massive riots in 1948, the city centre was heavily destroyed. In consequence, many institutions, businesses and people who could afford it moved away to the north and the tram was shut down. The centre was falling into decay. Furthermore, due to the rise of car mobility large road corridors were implemented separating the centre into different parts and defining the district borders. From the 80s onward the most central part La Candelaria was renovated. Nowadays La Candelaria is the political, administrative, cultural and touristic centre. Santa Fé, the district surrounding La Candelaria, and Los Martires, to the west, have a significantly lower socioeconomic level, they show high evidence of physical deterioration and there is a great number of tenements. Residential areas predominate but there are also popular commercial zones. Particular significance has to be given to Carrera Septima – the city’s most symbolic street – formerly known as Camino Real. Since pre-colonial times this street connected indigenous set-

tlements it led to the salt mines of Zapaquira in the north and further on to the city Tunja. Later on, it was the main axes of urban development as well as the main tramway line. Along the street many important places are located: the main square Plaza Bolívar with the cathedral, the parliament, the municipality and the courthouse, the presidential palace but also the main square of Las Cruces and its cathedral. It is a highly frequented commercial street and on Sundays, it’s part of Cyclovia – a citywide network of streets opened up for cyclists and pedestrians. But there is an important observation to be made. While the street is a well-maintained pedestrian zone from the presidential palace to the north, to the south, crossing Calle 7 it changes into a normal street with narrow walkways and continuing just 500 meters by crossing the large road corridor of Calle 6 also called Avenida Comuneros the situation abruptly changes. The street is poorly maintained and the urban context is very deteriorated. This is the neighbourhood of Las Cruces. Located within 15 minutes walking from Plaza Bolívar it is separated by the mentioned fiscal borders but moreover by an invisible border of stigmatization due to poverty and insecurity. But there is much to be discovered

LAS CRUCES NEIGHBOURHOOD The neighbourhood is situated between the oriental mountain range and Carrera 10 and between Calle 6 and Calle 1.

History The area is urbanized in the 19th century and becomes a vital working-class and artisan neighbourhood. Until the 50s the neighbourhood is well integrated into the city centre and connected to the tramway. After the riots of 1948 a mental border arises and the construction of Carrera 10 (1947) create a fiscal border. Anyway, the neighbourhoods keep densifying. On the one hand, more and more tenements are emerging and on the other hand, new buildings arise through auto-construction. For decades the socioeconomic level of the area is declining and there are no public investments. This affects public space and housing conditions, economy, safety and in general living quality. With the construction of Calle 6 (2004), the barrio gets more isolated and internal displacement of marginalized populations arriving at Las Cruces increases insecurity. Although Las Cruces always has been a neighbourhood with a strong identification of its inhabitants this feeling is getting lost. Finally, during the administration of Petro from 2012 – 2015, some urban revitalization projects are realized. Especially public spaces are recovered. Furthermore, private initiatives lead to

innovative housing projects on Carrera Septima. Recently the neighbourhood is receiving many Venezuelan migrants for whom Las Cruces serves as Arrival city. For the future diverse revitalization, interventions are projected. It remains to be seen which ones will be realized.

Population Las Cruces has around 11.000 inhabitants and a density of 230 hab/ hectare which is slightly higher than the cities average. Most of the inhabitants are working in the informal sector, this means they gain their income on a daily basis and mostly work on the street as a street vendor, shoe shiner, waste picker, as well as construction workers, cleaning ladies or in workshops. The average income is significantly below the average level of Bogotá and below the legal minimum wage. Therefore, poverty and even extreme poverty are present issues. Furthermore, it has to be noted that the population is living in conditions of Vulnerability and Marginalization. These conditions have an impact on the urban structure, the housing situation as well as on culture. This is especially evident in the strong and internationally recognized Rap and Hip-Hop culture that has developed since the 80ties.

Urban structure Las Cruces has a surface of around 48 hectares and consist of 48 building blocks. Its street network follows the colonial grid and is partly adapted to the topography and the previously existing rivers. The mountains are located to the east and the terrain slopes down to the west. The main street and economic axe in the north-south direction is Carrera Septima, which connects Plaza Bolívar with the central square Parque de Las Cruces. In the west-east direction, it’s Calle 2/ Calle 1f. It connects the Transmilenio Bus Station with the marketplace Plaza de Las Cruces. These streets as well as Calle 1, also connected to a Transmilenio Station, form the main accesses to the neighbourhood. Calle 1 – the first street – holds also a symbolic value. It´s the tipping point between the south and north. The line very street numbers change into 2 south, 3 souths. Furthermore, a road section on Calle 1C was formerly known as Callejon de la Muerte – Street of death – which relates to a historic legend as well as to its more recent past as a hotspot for criminality.

live in apartments, 34% just habitat a single room in a tenement locally recognized as Inquilinatos. Las Cruces is one of the neighbourhoods with the highest number of tenements. This form of housing is one of the most precarious and characterized by poor housing conditions as well as overcrowding. It emerges as a consequence of poverty, informality and migration. Just 36% of people are homeowners. Nevertheless, many of them also face poor socioeconomic conditions and convert their houses into tenements to earn an income. The total deficit of housing in Las Cruces counts 860 units (2017). There is also a significant number of houses in ruins, mostly uninhabited and abandoned. Furthermore, considering the predominantly residential use of the area, there are quite a lot of plots with inappropriate uses as parking lots, material deposits and storage halls which have a negative effect on public space and security. Especially a storage hall near Plaza de Mercado and various huge halls on Carrera septimal with Calle 1, which serve as a bus depot, are considered inappropriate.

Public space

Security and criminality

Las Cruces has three important public spaces. Parque de Las Cruces, Plaza de Mercado and Parque Tisquesusa. Parque de Las Cruces is the central green space and contains the historic fountain, La Garza. The park is surrounded by the cathedral “Parroquia Nuestra Señora del Carmen”, an additional church “Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad”, and the adjoint former monastery” NOMBRE” both closed, as well as a traditional residential passage “Edificio Alonso”. All of the buildings form part of the collective identity and cultural heritage. The same applies to Plaza de Mercado, the market square with an emblematic market hall from 1928. The market is still functioning and an important place of everyday life. Parque Tisquesusa is a green space and public park with various football fields and an indoor sports area. In general, it can be noticed that due to a very compact and consolidated urban fabric there are very few public and green spaces.

Las Cruces has a very bad reputation and is commonly branded as dangerous and insecure. To a certain degree, this image reflects a reality that has to be dealt with. The neighbourhood is divided into various micro territories which are ruled by different gangs, some of them more, some of them less dangerous. Additionally, there are drug selling spots, which are generally related to criminality. In everyday life, security depends on how well you are related to your neighbours and how well you know the neighbourhood to avoid unsafe spots. It can be stated that for non-locals it’s more insecure. During the daytime, the neighbourhood is mostly safe, especially while walking on frequented streets but after 4 pm it’s not recommended for non-locals to be there.

Housing The residential architecture of Las Cruces is characterized by traditional one- or two-story patio houses as well as autoconstruction. The former are typically designed for long and narrow plots while the latter is designed for quite small plots, resulting from an ongoing subdivision of blocks and plots. Although many buildings are defined as a cultural heritage the neighbourhood shows high evidence of physical deterioration. The majority of families in the neighbourhood live in rent. 30%

Economy and productivity Las Cruces economy is moving between formal - informal and illegal activities. The informal sector is the biggest and makes up more than 50%. Most of the productive activities are realized on the ground floor of residential buildings so-called “productive dwellings”. There you can find local commerce, crafts and micro industry. The neighbourhood is especially known for craftmanship as carpenters, tinsmiths and shoemakers. Anyway, there is not enough local economy to provide a sufficient labour market for the neighbourhood. Therefore, many inhabitants work informally in the nearby city centre.

parque las cruces

parque Tisquesusa

But numbers

IMPRESIONS OF LAS CRUCES

Carrera Decima (1) Important street running North-South and transport corridor of the Transmilenio Bus System. Parroquia Nuestra Señora del Carmen (2) Main church of the neighbourhood Las Cruces. Parque Distrital Las Cruces (3) Central Park and most important public space of the neighbourhood, surrounded by (2), (3), (4) Iglesia de la Santissima Trinidad (4) Unusually, there are two churches on the square Parque Las Cruces (3). This church is secondary and is less big than (2). It is connected to (5) and today it’s closed. Claustro de las Hermanas del Rosario (5) Monastery founded in 1651 and remodelled at the beginning of the 20 century. Later on, it served as a school. Today it’s closed for almost 20 years. Avenida Comuneros I Calle 6 (6) Important street running West-East and connecting to a highway along the mountains rang to the North. The street was extended in 2004 created thereby a rupture in the urban fabric Carrera 6: Apropriation of public space (7) Improvised flower pots on a secondary street indicate neighbourhood engagement in public space. Conjunto residencial Mirador de Santa Fe (8) Social housing complex as a gated community Unidad de servicios de Salud (9) Public health institution Plaza de Mercado Las Cruces (10) Market hall in Las Cruces. Build up in 1928 it is one of the oldest Market halls in the City and a national monument. It’s still functioning.

STREETS OF LAS CRUCES

Carrera 6

Carrera 5

Collage of streets in Las Cruces

Carrera 5A

Carrera 5 Calle 1F (view to the norh)

Carrera 6 Calle 1F (view to the south)

STRENGHES AND WEAKNESSES

Location of Las Cruces within Bogotá + proximitiy to the historic center of the city and its facilities − physical and psychological isolation form the neighbouring quaters

Informality and low income work + "versatile" forms of work − lack of rights and security

Inquilinatos + potential for collective living forms − expensive low quality small rooms

colonial architecture + high architectural and cultural value − many empty or deteriorated buildings

Buildings in decay and poor fisical condition + high potential for retrofitting − underuse of exisiting housing facilities

POTENTIALS OF LAS CRUCES

Engaged community in the emprovement of the neighbourhood

Traditional crafts

Youth engaged in Hiphop and Rap Processes of public space activiation taking place

Interest in the rehabilitation of architectural heritage

Festivals attended by the community

EMERGING TOPICS FOR URBAN DESIGN TASK Housing • • • • •

Qualitative and quantitative housing deficit Tenements Affordable Housing Collective Housing Productive Housing

Productiviy • • • • •

Informal economy Unemployment Small scale economy Lack of local job opportunities Craft(wo)menship

Heritage Conservation • • • •

Parque Las Cruces, Cathedral, Fountain Monastry and church Plaza Las Cruces Specific residential houses

Marginalization & (invisible) border • Fisical borders • Mental borders: Stigmatisation • Negative Image and reputation

Security and Criminality • • • •

High crime rate Gang activities Illegal activites Feeling of insecurity

Public space • • • •

Lack of public space Lack of green space Poor conditions and low design quality of public space Poor walking quality for pedestians

Culture • Craft(wo)menship • Hiphop, Rap

Unadequate uses and abandond places • • • • •

Parking lots and material storage Warehouse at Plaza Las Cruces Bus depots and strorage halls on Carrera Septima Closed former monasty Houses in ruins

Arrival city • • • •

Attractive location for migrants Lack of affordable housing for migrants Lack of job opportunities for migrants Low education level of migrants

Environment and nature • Lack of green space • Mountain range ecosystem • Closed rivers

“YOU DON´T HAVE TO SOLVE A YOU JUST HAVE TO PLA

ALL THE PROBLEMS AT ONCE, ANT A SEED...” Santiago Pradilla

URBAN DESIGN PROJECTS

COMUNIDAD PRODUCTIVA Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbaniv

MANO A MANO Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu

CRECER JUNTOS Elsayed Abdelkerem, Moses Effnert, Sebastian Wack

PATIO DE LA UNIÓN Jumi Juliette Radde, Theresa Sophie Steiner

CALLE DE LA VIDA Batu Dündar, Sofie Türkiz Gürsu, Anna Till

EL TACTO - IMPACTO Mohamed El Badrawy, Eunice Gomes Alexandre

EL PATIO GRANDE Anna-Marie Krauss, Leroy Sayek, Kaan Töre

CENTER FOR ALL Isidora Stevanovic, Petra Ristic Abdou, Ivan Tomic

LA MANZANA PRODUCTIVA VERDE Carlotta Siciliani, Lukas Bast

PRIMER PASO Corina Muck, Thomas Ludwig Hutter

Classic map: Las Cruces orientated to the north

Bogotá style map: Las Cruces orientated to the east

The following chapter presents the urban design projects. To facilitate the understanding of each project within the urban contect of Las Cruces. The introduction page always shows the map of the neighbourhood marking the intervented areas in colour . The map also indicates the plan aligment used in the project which could rather be orientated to the north (classic) or to the east (Bogotá style). Although the aligment of plans

and city maps is usally donewith the north facing to the top, in Bogotá there is another common consence. The city of Bogotá is pre dominantly shown with the east side up. This specific representation mode is due to the very present montain range at the east. The montains are the main orientation guide and build the cities green background.

COMUNIDAD PRODUCTIVA Reactivating public main squares and their surroundings

Laura Sanchez Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani

The project aims to strengthen the community through interventions on the main squares: Plaza de Mercado and Plaza de Las Cruces. It addresses informal, low-income workers. The proposed projects focus on the improvement of public spaces by the extension of pedestrian areas, the implementation of green spaces, and the design of places for gathering, sports and culture. Furthermore, they are complemented by the construction of new housing projects replacing buildings in decay which directly adjoin public space. The buildings are designed to enable vivid exchange between indoor and outdoor and create synergies. Especially the appropriation and care of public space are fostered. The ground floors are dedicated to productive, educational or community functions. The upper floors offer different housing typologies as micro apartments, temporary and social housing.

Concept

Comunidad productiva I Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani

Goals

Vision

empowerment of the community

high quality public spaces

spaces for local culture and activities

ingreased human interaction and cooperation

improved pedestrian mobility and conection to the city

improved green infrastructure and bio diverstiy

strong local economy and new job oportunities

inclusion and rehabilitation of heritage

strong and visible intangible patrimony

Project

Comunidad productiva I Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani

MANO A MANO Revitalisation of local craftmanship through retrofitting cultural heritage

Melissa Stöhr Elena Guguila Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu

Mano a mano seeks to strengthen the local economy and the heritage of craft(wo)menship focusing on the needs of informal workers. The projects centers around the campus which offers training and workshop facilities, coworking spaces and dormitories. It is divided into two buildings: the main campus which is created through retrofitting the monastery and a new auxiliary building. Each of them is located adjointly to an important square creating synergies which the public space. The street connecting both is included and upgraded. Additionally, small scale public design interventions are implemented at the borders of the neighbourhood. Aiming to break up mental borders, include the community, expose goods and attract visitors. Moreover, the interventions are set in scene during cyclovia and the specially established festival of Las Cruces.

Concept

Mano a mano I Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu

Goals

Project

productive local economy

vital and safe urban environment

strengthend sense of commuity and cohabitation

increase of job opportunities

usage of neglected urban spaces

interaction/communication of residents

stimulate local production

improved environmental aspects

loosened invisible borders

Vision

Mano a mano I Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu

painting room

pottery room

weaving room

carpintery room

Hotspots I Students names, Student names

CRECER JUNTOS (Re-)activation of a colonial block center and the community

El Sayed Abdelkerem Moses Effnert Sebastian Wack

Crecer juntos is an attempt to empower the local community and reactivated a neglected block center through a participatory project. The guided process starts with the opening and marking of space. Interim uses and a dialog of needs and visions lead to an architectonical project. The form and spatial distribution are defined due to various rules following the aim to create a democratic, non-hierarchical and human scale neighbourhood with a great diversity of small-scale community functions and semipublic spaces. The projects volumetric is characterized by up to four-story cubes. On ground floor level cubes connect to form bigger spaces which primarily serve public functions. The upper floors provide housing. Semipublic space forms a continuous outdoor area around the buildings and create unique special constellations with a variety of uses

Concept

Crecer juntos I El Sayed Abdelkerem, Moses Effnert, Sebastian Wack

Goals

Project

improved selfesteem of inhabitants

empowerment of the community

affordable housing

ingreased human interaction and cooperation

access to education and culture

safe public space

Crecer juntos I El Sayed Abdelkerem, Moses Effnert, Sebastian Wack

PATIO DE LA UNIÓN Retrofitting a colonial block

Jumi Juliette Radde Theresa Sophie Steiner

The project develops a collective, multifunctional block center on a neglected area formed by three lots which access from different streets and interlace in the middle. It improves the permeability of the block, offers affordable housing and creates safe public and semipublic space. The focus group are low-income families and young adults. Thus, the program of space also includes culture, sports and gastronomy. The buildings, some new some reused, are designed to foster synergies of indoor and outdoor spaces. The heart of the project is the central plaza – plaza de la unión - with can be easily adapted for community events. To generate additional benefit for neighbourhood adjoining buildings and courtyards can open up to the patio. A save environment is assured through various security measures.

Concept

Patio de la unión I Jumi Juliette Radde, Theresa Sophie Steiner

Goals affordable housing

semi-public spaces

mixed use environment

integration of neighbourhood

synergies of indoor and outdoor spaces

mixed distribution of functions

uniting plaza

adaption and reuse of functions

security

Target group low - income families

Project

young adults

Patio de la unión I Jumi Juliette Radde, Theresa Sophie Steiner

CALLE DE LA VIDA Revitalisation of a symbolic street

Batu Dündar Sofie Türkiz Gürsu Anna Till

An ius Maeque cri et; incessigna in suliam audemus ad pulostes fuid caet, utendiu internimus sedet grae que tandemus, crei supereh ebemur, C. Pic viliquam deri publibulto convocules erori convocum diu ce clego vic mod publis hem tam fatu mihilic aequam si teatintem auces! Scit gra, num opublicae publibe facibuntis, senihilium re di, cotium iae audam derfiterum quid imus. Gratiqu amdio, citus et L. Untrum, coti, quem nonsteris men te ignos Mae acchuis. Opio nos iniae condea ne prid converc enterisqua omnontis. Unc reo, et; ne et viusque ficatid endiem nessilis. Teliae num publis. Dacem ego con andam iu quium rebatabem hortas erdit; interestrio, publiam senihina, estium arimum publi pulicidem aperficae efacchi cupicaedo, quam mene fachuid issula vicideessed consult ifena, Ti. Omnist L. Deciena, cultodisus et

Concept

Calle de la vida I Batu Dündar, Sofie Türkiz Gürsu, Anna Till

Goals

Project

safe, green streets

safe access and connection to neighbourhood

activated ground floors

pedestrian zones

diverse high quality public and green spaces

all day activation

educational and cultural facilities

tourist attraction

co-housing

diversity of funcitions

affordable hybrid living

productive ground floors

Calle de la vida I Batu Dündar, Sofie Türkiz Gürsu, Anna Till

EL TACTO - IMPACTO Retrofitting public space and equipments for the youth

Mohamed El Badrawy Eunice Gomes Alexandre

The project addresses the target group of teenagers and young adults. They are considered a group with great potential to generate positive chances. But also, in great vulnerability to get involved in gangs and criminality, due to the lack of opportunities and education. El tacto impacto aims to offer alternatives through urban acupuncture projects combining housing, culture, education, sports and public space. The projects are connected to teenager’s hangout hotspots as Parque Tisquesusa, Plaza Las Cruces and Parque Las Cruces. The buildings organization considers public functions - primarily culture- on the ground floors to generate synergies with outdoor space and assure a visual connection to foster security. The upper floors contain studios, shelter and shared apartments for the teenagers.

Concept

El tacto - impacto I Mohamed El Badrawy, Eunice Gomes Alexandre

Goals inclusion and better living quality for teens access to culture and education for teens

Project

social housing for teens

sport facilities for teens

secure public spaces for teens

reduce gang activity

El tacto - impacto I Mohamed El Badrawy, Eunice Gomes Alexandre

EL PATIO GRANDE Retrofitting a colonial block stucture

Anna-Marie Krauss Leroy Sayek Kaan Töre

The project deals with the colonial block next to Parque Las Cruces including the vacant heritage-protected monastery and passage Edificio Alfonso. It focuses on low-income families which currently dwell in overcrowded tenements. The blocks retrofitting consists of three complementary projects. The first is the implementation of a green semipublic block center – el patio grande - unifying the open spaces and connecting them to the opened-up monastery. Existing buildings are able to connect to the patio and some ground floors are adapted into community spaces. Moreover, the monastery is transformed into social housing assigning the ground floor to education and commerce. Furthermore, rooftop plugins are implemented on renovated roofs. The micro apartments are light bamboo constructions accessible through a central staircase in the patio.

Concept

El patio grande I Anna-Marie Krauss, Leroy Sayek, Kaan Töre

Goals better life for inquilinos

increased public and green spaces

strong local economy and job opportunities

affordable social housing

better accesabillity and permeability of block stucture

education and improvement of personal skills

Project Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood. und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood. E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur

Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood.

Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood. E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood.

dable productive neighborhood. Anna-Marie Krauss 01525356, Kaan Töre 01329388, Leroy Sayek 01328874 E260 Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Retrofit Las Cruces, Bogotá. Affordable productive neighborhood.

Hybrid Monastry

El patio grande

Rooftop Plugins

El patio grande I Anna-Marie Krauss, Leroy Sayek, Kaan Töre

CENTR-ALL Restoring a sense of community through revitalization of carrera septima

Isidora Stevanovic Petra Ristic Abdou Ivan Tomic

CenterAll works on two scales. The large-scale project La Buena vida is an educational campus with extensive public spaces and connected affordable housing projects. It´s focus group are young families and students. Nevertheless, the new center offers multifunctional spaces for all age groups and incorporates community facilities like a shelter for women. It aims to become a point of interest and therefore reactivating the area and Carrera Septima through an incremented pedestrian frequency. This also allows to reestablish a secure continuation of Carrera Septima to the south. To further strengthen the street the second project are small-scale interventions – pequeños cambios - which include pocket parks and the reactivation of ground floor shops.

Concept

Centr-all I Isidora Stevanovic, Petra Ristic Abdou, Ivan Tomic

Goals

Project

affordable housing

more green and public spaces

access to education and culture

student housing

sport and play facilities

community facilies

Centr-all I Isidora Stevanovic, Petra Ristic Abdou, Ivan Tomic

LA MANZANA PRODUCTIVA VERDE Redefinition and retrofitting of a colonial block structure

Carlotta Siciliani Lukas Bast

Manzana Productiva Verde – The green productive block – is a project that aims to break the fiscal border of Avenida Comuneros and the mental borders of poverty and criminality between Las Cruces and the Candelaria District by retrofitting the first block and entrance situation of Carrera Septima. By opening up the block through a transversal pedestrian pathway and various patios the opportunity of a permeable multifunctional structure is created. While public spaces foster public live, biodiversity and productive green spaces. The buildings combine key functions as affordable housing and productivity focused on craft(wo)menship. The project addresses the local population as well as visitors and tourists. It furthermore connects to ciclovia as the open spaces and ground floors are activated on Sundays.

Concept

La manzana verde I Carlotta Siciliani, Lukas Bast

Goals

Project

no more physical borders

no more mental borders

strenghen local economy and new job opportunities

better connnections between the districts

affordable housing

active public space with creative athmosphere

Urban strategies

a new entrance situation

gentle densification

active groundlevel and diverse public space

La manzana verde I Carlotta Siciliani, Lukas Bast

PRIMER PASO Reactivation of the neighbourhood as resilient arrival city

Corina Muck Thomas Ludwig Hutter

An ius Maeque cri et; incessigna in suliam audemus ad pulostes fuid caet, utendiu internimus sedet grae que tandemus, crei supereh ebemur, C. Pic viliquam deri publibulto convocules erori convocum diu ce clego vic mod publis hem tam fatu mihilic aequam si teatintem auces! Scit gra, num opublicae publibe facibuntis, senihilium re di, cotium iae audam derfiterum quid imus. Gratiqu amdio, citus et L. Untrum, coti, quem nonsteris men te ignos Mae acchuis. Opio nos iniae condea ne prid converc enterisqua omnontis. Unc reo, et; ne et viusque ficatid endiem nessilis.Teliae num publis. Dacem ego con andam iu quium rebatabem hortas erdit; interestrio, publiam senihina, estium arimum publi pulicidem aperficae efacchi cupicaedo, quam mene fachuid issula vicideessed consult ife-

Concept

Primer paso I Corina Muck, Thomas Ludwig Hutter

Goals transform Las Cruces to a successfull arrival city

improved public spaces

improved green spaces

affordable housing with focus on rental

learning opportunities and education facilities

increased biodiverstity and ecological awareness

Research - Arrival City “ An arrival city means a place of transition and a good arrival city helps migrants to integrate well and fast” Literature: Arrival City, Dough Saunders Good practice examples: Parla, Madrid

Project

Primer paso I Corina Muck, Thomas Ludwig Hutter

DIDACTIC: DESIGN PROCESS Summer term 2021

• Guest critics: Santiago Pradilla, Santiago Sanchez

• Input “Informality/ Povery/ Insecurity“ [M.Kühler ]

• Guest lecture Santiago Pradilla

• Movie “Moving Bogota”

• Input “Affordable housing/ Inquilinatos“ [M.Kühler ]

April

• Input “Urban development Bogotá“ [A. Hofer ]

• Movie “Homo Urbanus Bogotanus”

March

Concept

WS 1

ANALYSIS

CONCEPT

Design tools

• City portrait • Mapping • Studio Logo • Vision

Heterogeneous group

Classes

Team formation

Internal pre-presentation

DESIGN

• Emerging topics • Vision • Target group • Goals • Location = Concept

Team building

Workshops

• • • • •

Working model Plans Sections Sketches Axonometry

Group building

Presentation with guest critics

July

Final

WS 2

ELABORATION • Slideshow • Posters • Working model

Colaboration

Feed back

PRESENTATION • • • •

Solidarity

Personal meeting

Publication

Midterm

• Guest critics: Santiago Pradilla, Santiago Sanchez, Catalina Mahé, David Delgado, Alicia Bello

June • Guest critics: Santiago Pradilla, Santiago Sanchez, Catalina Mahé, David Delgado, Alicia Bello

May

Slideshow Posters Model Booklet (Bachlor)

Friendship

Community

All formats were organised digitaly as distance learning via ZOOM

DESIGN TOOLS LOGO CONTEST

Winner: Carlotta Siciliani

ONLINE ACTIVITIES

JAMBOARD

PADLET

MAPPINGS

Project team: Patio de la unión

Project team: Primer paso

Project team: El patio grande

ANALYSES

Project team: Crecer juntos

Project team: Comunidad productiva

VISIONS

Project team: Patio de la unión

VIDEOS

Project team: Crecer juntos

Project team: La manzana productiva verde Project team: Center for all

Project team: Calle de la vida

WORKING MODELS

Project team: Mano a mano

Project team: Patio de la unión

FINAL MODELS

Project team: Mano a mano

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Project team: La manzana productiva verde

Project team: Patio de la unión

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SUM UP What would you like to remember from this course for your next design studios and your profesional carrer?

URBAN SENSITIVITY

THE PEOPLE

always keep in mind existing and people

How wonderful it is to have a friendly studio dynamic

empathic approach to the community relationship public space + interviened buildings

to think about the surroundings

the good working process structure: Vision, Goal, Concept,....

always fight for your ideas! but keeping in mind valuable feedback

listening to advices

The way of working with goals, target group, and a conceptual idea

how easy it is to make friends :)

thorough analysis is crucial for the project

the sense of community

nice people work with

connection to existing buildings is very important

the importance of a good team work

do not show our building or area as an island

divide group tasks according peoples strenghtes

design an illumination concept is possible and it can hav aa great impact

pavement design is also part of a street design think of the surrounding

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DIDACTICS

you need a very strong and clear concept

the importance of a concept

think of goals

sensitive multi-scala approach Simplyfying the idea process

going into theoretical detail

GRAPHIC EXPRESION importance of graphic expresion text layout, presentiation “faking” sections for good cost * *show your intention and e.g. windows even if your are not directly cutting through them) colours are darker & stronger when printed improve style

graphic

Titles of graphics are very! important

MODEL

DIGTIAL / PRESENTATION

physical models: help to determin a good design work

different ways of working for a online presentation or for posters

take more time for the model / start working earlier on it physical models take longer than expected more time for model

working earlier on the model

to take your time to lear new digital skills (video cut, sketchUP) Figuring out Presentation

the

FEEDBACK TEACHING TEAM Amazing tion

organisa-

good process structure

feedback were very good and helped us a lot

the whole procedure of the Entwerfen was clear and good structured

good organisation

making a better material selection before starting the model

the graphic skills

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PARTICIPANTS STUDENTS Elsayed Abdelkerem, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani, Lukas Bast, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu, Batu Dündar, Mohamed El Badrawy, Moses Effnert, Eunice Gomes Alexandre, Elena Guguila, Thomas Ludwig Hutter, Anna-Marie Krauss, Corina Muck, Jumi Juliette Radde, Petra Ristic Abdou, Laura Sanchez, Leroy Sayek, Carlotta Siciliani, Theresa Sophie Steiner, Isidora Stevanovic, Melissa Stöhr, Ivan Tomic, Kaan Töre, Sofie Türkiz Gürsu, Anna Till, Sebastian Wack

TEACHING TEAM Miriam Kühler Architectural studies in Vienna and Bogotá, university assistant at the Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture of TU Vienna. International work experience in Austria, Colombia and Peru. Projects, research, publications and lectures on informal urban development, housing and public space.

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Andreas Hofer Architectural studies in Vienna and Bogotá, associate professor at the Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture of the TU Vienna since 1996. Projects, research, publications and lectures on international and informal urban development, coordination and supervision of international urban design projects and academic cooperation programmes.

GUEST CRITICS Santiago Pradilla Architect, master in housing, cofounder of El taller de S and Palafito Arquitectura. Realised the housing projects Pasajes Residenciales and the urban revitalisation project La

Santiago Sanchez Architect, Master in infrastructure planning, Doctor in community and reional planning.

Garza in Las Cruces.

Catalina Mahé Architect - Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Master in Project Management - EAN-ENAP. Master in Social and Collaborative Housing Politecnico Di Milano (Italy). Lecturer at Universidad Nacional.

David Delgado Architect, Master in architecture and renewable energy. Director of David Delgado Arquitectos and director of the urban revitalisation plan for the historic center Bogotá. Lecturer at Universidad Los Andes.

Alicia Bello Architect, Master in urban and regional planning. Working experience at Bogotas cultural heritage insitut (IDPC). Architect at the urban revitalisation plan for the historic center Bogotá (PEMP).

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HOUSING PROJECTS

PATIO DE INTERCAMBIO CULTURAL Irina Köhrer, Julia Holl, Moses Effnert

RINCÓN COMUNAL Julius Bartz, Theresa Steiner, Jumi Radde

PUENTES DE MI BARRIO Chelariu Florin, Guguila Elena, Harnisch Bianca Alexandra Marginean Cristina

EL LADRILLO DEL FUTURO Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu, Eunice Gomes, Melissa Stöhr Cleo Traub

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quaecture volore qui consequi de mintotatur aut eliquat quiamet, quid quae. Nequo corum dolum expellit ea venieni maxime pel ium nestis volupti bearchil modiorunto ipis et venisto ribust alitinv elluptatquas as eum soluptaspe est rem doluptur? Num aut atin conesequi blab ipsandam quaecae porio verum aut doles nienis volupta conseribus abo. Solesti orectis re sequas ad moluptatem illaut audit dis utemporepel et abor am Pensar el nombre. Como la “l” tambien se denominó al Bronx

Plot 2

Area: aprox. 360 m2 Dimensions: aprox. 18 x 20 m Contemporary use: c ar service Property: private

Area: Dimensions: Contemporary use: Property:

aprox. 1880 m2 aprox. 72 x 23 m (facade) / 40 m (patio) vacant, ruins public

Calle 2b

Plot 1

Avenida Comuneros - Carrera 6 : Esquina sur-oeste

Carrera 8

Calle 3

Avenida Comuneros

Carrera 6

Carrera 8 - Calle 2 - No.67

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PATIO DE INTERCAMBIO CULTURAL Cultural exchange courtyard I Plot 1

Irina Köhrer Julia Holl Moses Effnert

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Patio de intercambio cultural I Irina Köhrer, Julia Holl, Moses Effnert

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RINCÓN COMUNAL Community corner I Plot 1

Julius Bartz Theresa Steiner Jumi Radde

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Rincón comunal I Julius Bartz, Theresa Steiner, Jumi Radde

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PUENTES DE MI BARRIO Neighbourhood bridges I Plot 2

Chelariu Florin Guguila Elena Harnisch Bianca Alexandra Marginean Cristina

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Puentes de mi barrio I Chelariu Florin, Guguila Elena, Harnisch Bianca Alexandra, Marginean Cristina

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EL LADRILLO DEL FUTURO Bricks for future I Plot 2

Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu Eunice Gomes Melissa Stöhr Cleo Traub

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El ladrillo del futuro I Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu, Eunice Gomes, Melissa Stöhr, Cleo Traub

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LIST OF FIGURES Context: Las Cruces neighbourhood p. 8 Las Cruces: A piece of Bogotá // Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu p.9 City map of Bogotá // Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani p.10 Analyses: Important Aspects of the city centre // Carlotta Siciliani, Lukas Bast p.11 Satellite image of the city centre // Google Maps p.12 top: Carrera Septima // Google Street View bottom: Plaza de Mercado // http://reddelopatrimoniable.net/index.php/lugares/las-cruces p.13 top: Calle in Las Cruces view to the mountains // by Felipe Restrepo Acosta // https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bogot%C3%A1,_casa_en_Las_Cruces,_carrerra_3_calle_2B.JPG bottom: Calle in Las Cruces view to the west// by Andrés Lozano // https://www.kienyke.com/kamara/fotos-bogota-colombia-familias-vulnerables-cuarentena-2020 p.14 Analyses: Places of relevance in Las Cruces and the surrounding // Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani p.15 Analyses: Architecture and public spaces in Las Cruces // Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu p.19 top: Collage of facades in Las Cruces // Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani centre: Street view Calle 1F to the north // Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu bottom: Street view Calle 1F to the south // Melissa Stöhr, Elena Guguila, Denisa-Iuliana Calomfirescu p.20 Strengths and weaknesses // Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani p.21 Collage potentials// Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani

Emerging topics for urban design p.23 top: Graffiti Las Cruces // by Peter Beste // https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/02/la-etnnia-feature bottom: Cathedral Las Cruces and fountain La Garza // by SCRD // https://www.culturarecreacionydeporte.gov.co/es/se-entrego-la-fuente-de-la-garza-la-comunidad-de-las-cruces p.24 & 25 Bird eye view of the neighbourhood with the projects pasajes residenciales by Taller S // by Taller S // http://www.redfundamentos.com/blog/es/obras/detalle-371/

URBAN DESIGN PROJECTS p. – p. Graphics and images by the authors of each project

Design process p. XX process graphic // by Miriam Kühler Design tools p. – p. Graphics and images by the authors of each project

Sum up p.XX

Collage of facades in Las Cruces // Laura Sanchez, Behnam Akbarzadehghorbani

Participants p. XX Photo zoom session // by Miriam Kühler

Housing projects p. -p . Graphics and images by the authors of each project

Imprint p. -p . Group picture student group Retrofit Las Cruces after the final presentation // by Miriam Kühler

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IMPRINT Publisher Vienna Universtiy of Technology, Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, DEPARTEMENT OF URBAN DESIGN Karlsplatz 13/ E260-01, A-1040 Vienna, Phone: +43 (0)1 58801 26001, Fax: +43 (0)1 58801 26099 stb@tuwien.ac.at, www. städtebau.at

Concept & Publication Andreas Hofer, Miriam Kühler

Editorial Andreas Hofer, Miriam Kühler

Coordination Andreas Hofer, Miriam Kühler

Layout Miriam Kühler

Cover image //

Lectorate XXX

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RETROFIT LAS CRUCES / TU WIEN 2021

Articles inside

Context Las Cruces Neighbourhood

Introduction

Emerging topics for Urban Design Task