Saberes clave Santillana - Química by María Candelaria Pagella

.78;H 9B7L; Recursos para el docente

QUÍMICA Combustibles, alimentación y procesos industriales. Alejandro S. Bosack Ana María Deprati Alejandro Ferrari María Cristina Iglesias

5.° año

QUĂ?MICA COMBUSTIBLES, ALIMENTACIĂ&#x201C;N Y PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES

Saberes clave

RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE QUĂ?MICA. COMBUSTIBLES, ALIMENTACIĂ&#x201C;N Y PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES Recursos para el docente es una obra colectiva, creada y diseĂąada en el Departamento Editorial de Ediciones Santillana S. A., bajo la direcciĂłn de Graciela PĂŠrez de Lois por el siguiente equipo: Alejandro S. Bosack Ana MarĂa Deprati Alejandro Ferrari MarĂa Cristina Iglesias Editora: Ana MarĂa Deprati Jefa de ediciĂłn: Edith Morales Gerencia de gestiĂłn editorial: MĂłnica Pavicich

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QuĂmica. Combustibles, alimentaciĂłn y procesos industriales : recursos para el docente / Alejandro S. Bosak ... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2011. 32 p. ; 28x22 cm. - (Saberes clave) ISBN 978-950-46-2386-1 1. QuĂmica . 2. EnseĂąanza Secundaria. 3. GuĂa para el Docente. I. Bosak, Alejandro S. CDD 371.1

Recursos para la planificaciรณn 2

Capรญtulo

Contenidos

Estrategias didรกcticas

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El petrรณleo y los hidrocarburos

Reactividad de los hidrocarburos y estequiometrรญa

Los compuestos orgรกnicos oxigenados y nitrogenados

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Expectativas de logro

Los hidratos de carbono

Los lípidos

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Recursos para la planificaciรณn 4

Capรญtulo

Contenidos

Estrategias didรกcticas

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Los aminoรกcidos y las proteรญnas

El metabolismo celular

Los alimentos y la energรญa

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Expectativas de logro

El equilibrio químico

Los metales y la metalurgia

"MJNFOUPT FOSJRVFDJEPT "EJUJWPT BMJNFOUBSJPT

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Clave de respuestas La esencia de la ciencia

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Secciรณn

4. #FSOBSEP )PVTTBZ SFDJCJร FM 1SFNJP /PCFM EF 'JTJPMPHร B Z .FEJ-

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4. "M DPOPDFS MB FTUSVDUVSB EF VO DPNQVFTUP FT QPTJCMF FYQMJDBS NVDIBT EF TVT QSPQJFEBEFT Gร TJDBT Z RVร NJDBT Z BOUJDJQBS TV

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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Quรญmica y combustibles

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EJTUBODJBT MP RVF PCMJHB B JODSFNFOUBS MPT NFEJPT EF USBOTQPSUF Z FO DPOTFDVFODJB FM DPOTVNP EF FOFSHร B BVNFOUB c) &O MB BDUVBMJEBE TJO MB FOFSHร B FM FTUJMP EF WJEB EF MBT QFSTPOBT FT JOJNBHJOBCMF &O MPT IPHBSFT TF VUJMJ[B FOFSHร B QBSB JMVNJOBS DBMFGBDDJPOBS SFGSJHFSBS BMJNFOUPT Z DPDJOBSMPT -B IJHJFOF QFSTPOBM FM MBWBEP Z QMBODIBEP EF SPQB EFQFOEF EF MB FOFSHร B -PT NFEJPT EF FOUSFUFOJNJFOUP DPNP MB UFMFWJTJร O P MB SBEJP GVODJPOBO DPO FOFSHร B JODMVTP MB DPNQVUBEPSB &TUP FT TPMP VO QFRVFร P SFDPSUF FO MB WJEB EF VOB QFSTPOB 1PESร BNPT BNQMJBS FM BOร MJTJT BM USBCBKP MBT WBDBDJPOFT MPT FTQBSDJNJFOUPT FUDร UFSB d) &M QFUSร MFP Z FM DBSCร O TPO GVFOUFT EF FOFSHร B QSJNBSJB EBEP RVF B QBSUJS EF FMMPT TF PCUJFOF PUSP UJQP EF FOFSHร B DPNP MB FMร DUSJDB MB MVNร OJDB P MB Uร SNJDB

El petrรณleo y los hidrocarburos

Pรกgina 20 1. -B NBZPSร B EF MPT EFTDVCSJNJFOUPT P JOWFOUPT TF MPHSBO HSBDJBT B VO DPOKVOUP EF EBUPT Z FYQFSJFODJBT SFBMJ[BEBT QPS PUSPT (FOFSBMNFOUF VOP FT FM RVF MMFWB FM NBZPS DSร EJUP QFSP FT TBCJEP RVF QBSB RVF VO JOWFOUPS MPHSF TV DPNFUJEP IVCP PUSPT RVF DPO BOUFSJPSJEBE DPOUSJCVZFSPO B EJDIP FWFOUP

2. &M Uร SNJOP RVFSPTFOP QSPWJFOF EFM HSJFHP keros DFSB Z elain BDFJUF &O MB BDUVBMJEBE FT MMBNBEP RVFSPTร O Z FT VUJMJ[BEP DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF FO Nร RVJOBT QBSB NJOFSร B Z FNCBSDBDJPOFT QBSB MB JMVNJOBDJร O Z MB DBMFGBDDJร O

Pรกgina 23 8. &TUB Qร HJOB EF *OUFSOFU QPTFF VO NBQB EF MBT DVFODBT QFUSPMF

3. &M BDFJUF EF CBMMFOB FTDBTFBCB EFCJEP B RVF MB DB[B JOEJTDSJNJOBEB DBTJ MBT MMFWB B TV FYUJODJร O 1PS FTUB SB[ร O FM QSFDJP EFM BDFJUF EF CBMMFOB IBCร B BVNFOUBEP FO FM NFSDBEP

9. 4J CJFO MB QSPEVDDJร O EF QFUSร MFP BHPUB MBT SFTFSWBT EJTQPOJCMFT VOB NBZPS FYQMPUBDJร O QSPEVDF VO EFTBSSPMMP FDPOร NJDP F JOEVTUSJBM JOEFQFOEJFOUF RVF QVFEF HFOFSBS NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF EJWJTBT BM TFS FYQPSUBEP F JODMVTP OP FT OFDFTBSJP JNQPSUBSMP EF PUSPT QBร TFT .ร T QFUSร MFP Nร T QSPEVDDJร O EF FOFSHร B

4. -B OFDFTJEBE EF FODPOUSBS VO OVFWP DPNCVTUJCMF QBSB FTB ร QPDB TF DPOWJSUJร FO VO HSBO FTUร NVMP QBSB MBT QFSTPOBT Z FM QFUSร MFP FSB FM SFDVSTP RVF Nร T QSPNFUร B

Pรกgina 21 5. a) 'BMTB &M QFUSร MFP FT VO SFDVSTP OP SFOPWBCMF FT EFDJS RVF

10. &M SJFTHP EF EFSSBNF FO MPT PMFPEVDUPT FTUร SFMBDJPOBEP DPO MBT BWFSร BT FO FMMPT Z FTUP QVFEF PDBTJPOBS DPOUBNJOBDJร O Z QSPEVDJS VO JNQBDUP OFHBUJWP FO FM FDPTJTUFNB "MHVOPT GBDUPSFT RVF QVFEFO PDBTJPOBS QSPCMFNBT FO MBT UVCFSร BT TPO DPOEJDJPOFT NFUFPSPMร HJDBT TFWFSBT DPNP BCVOEBOUF MMVWJB Z IVNFEBE EFTMJ[BNJFOUPT EFM UFSSFOP RVF QSPEVDFO UFOTJPOFT FO MBT UVCFSร BT MP RVF QVFEF PDBTJPOBS TV SPUVSB DPSSPTJร O FYUFSOB EF MB UVCFSร B TJTNPT DPSSPTJร O JOUFSOB DBVTBEB QPS CBDUFSJBT BOBFSร CJDBT FOUSF PUSBT

FTUF OP TF QPESร SFHFOFSBS FO VO DPSUP QMB[P ZB RVF TF GPSNร MVFHP EF NJMMPOFT EF Bร PT HSBDJBT B MB EFTDPNQPTJDJร O EF MPT SFTUPT EF BOJNBMFT Z QMBOUBT b) Verdadera. c) 'BMTB -PT IJESPDBSCVSPT TPO TVTUBODJBT GPSNBEBT QPS DBSCPno e hidrรณgeno. d) Verdadera.

6. &M QFUSร MFP FT MB QSJODJQBM GVFOUF EF FOFSHร B QBSB MPT TFSFT IVNB-

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

OPT 4F MP VUJMJ[B DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF FO MB HFOFSBDJร O EF FOFSHร B FMร DUSJDB FO MPT USBOTQPSUFT Z MB DBMFGBDDJร O 4PMP VO QFRVFร P QPSDFOUBKF TF FNQMFB FO MB JOEVTUSJB QFUSPRVร NJDB

Pรกgina 22 7. a) -B EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF FOFSHร B IJ[P RVF MBT QFSTPOBT WJWJFSBO DPO NBZPS DPNPEJEBE Z DPOGPSU MPT IPHBSFT QVEJFSPO TFS JMVNJOBEPT Z DBMFGBDDJPOBEPT TJO OFDFTJEBE EF RVFNBS DPNCVTUJCMFT 1PS PUSB QBSUF QFSNJUJร FM EFTBSSPMMP JOEVTUSJBM Z MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF QSPEVDUPT FO HFOFSBM TF IJ[P Nร T Gร DJM Z BDDFTJCMF b) &M BVNFOUP EF MB QPCMBDJร O JNQMJDB VOB NBZPS EFNBOEB EF QSPEVDUPT RVF QBSB TV FMBCPSBDJร O Z USBOTQPSUF SFRVJFSFO FOFSHร B 1PS PUSB QBSUF TF HFOFSB VO EFTBSSPMMP EFNPHSร GJDP JNQPSUBOUF FO MPT DFOUSPT VSCBOPT Z FTUP DPOMMFWB FM DPOTVNP EF Nร T FOFSHร B .ร T QFSTPOBT OFDFTJUBO USBTMBEBSTF Z B NBZPSFT

SBT FO MB 3FQร CMJDB "SHFOUJOB IUUQ FOFSHJB NFDPO HPW BS DPOUFOJEPT WFSQBHJOB QIQ JEQBHJOB <DPOTVMUBEB FO FOFSP EF >

Pรกgina 24 11. &M QFUSร MFP FT VOB NF[DMB EF IJESPDBSCVSPT EF MB RVF QPS EFTUJ-

MBDJร O QSJNBSJB TF PCUJFOFO HBTFT DPNP NFUBOP FUBOP QSPQBOP Z CVUBOP "EFNร T TF PCUJFOFO PUSBT GSBDDJPOFT Mร RVJEBT Z Tร MJEBT DPNP OBGUBT RVFSPTร O HBTPJM GVFMPJM P QFUSร MFP DSVEP SFTJEVBM RVF RVFEB FO MB QBSUF JOGFSJPS EF MB UPSSF &M QFUSร MFP FT VO SFDVSTP JNQPSUBOUF QBSB FM TFS IVNBOP ZB RVF FO MB BDUVBMJEBE FT MB QSJODJQBM GVFOUF EF FOFSHร B Z NBUFSJB QSJNB QBSB MB FMBCPSBDJร O EF QSPEVDUPT DPNP MPT QMร TUJDPT

12. &O VOB EFTUJMFSร B EF QFUSร MFP TF SFBMJ[B VOB HSBO WBSJFEBE EF BDUJWJEBEFT RVF WBO EFTEF TV USBOTQPSUF QBTBOEP QPS MBT EFTUJMBDJPOFT QSJNBSJB Z TFDVOEBSJB FM NBOUFOJNJFOUP EF MBT JOTUBMBDJPOFT FM DPOUSPM EF DBMJEBE EF MPT EFTUJMBEPT IBTUB MB DPNFSDJBMJ[BDJร O EF MPT TVCQSPEVDUPT FUDร UFSB

CVSPT RVF QVFEF TFS BQSPWFDIBEB DVBOEP FTUPT FTUร O TFQBSBEPT -BT EFTUJMBDJPOFT RVF TF QSBDUJDBO TPO MB QSJNBSJB MB DPOTFSWBUJWB Z MB TFDVOEBSJB P DSBRVFP

Pรกgina 29 20. Punto de ebulliciรณn (ยฐC)

13. &T OFDFTBSJP EFTUJMBS FM QFUSร MFP QPSRVF FT VOB NF[DMB EF IJESPDBS-

14. (BTFT OBGUBT RVFSPTร O HBTPJM GVFMPJM P QFUSร MFP DSVEP SFTJEVBM

&M GVFMPJM QVFEF TFS EFTUJMBEP OVFWBNFOUF B NFOPS QSFTJร O RVF MB BUNPTGร SJDB NFEJBOUF MB EFTUJMBDJร O DPOTFSWBUJWB MMBNBEB BTร QPSRVF MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MPT IJESPDBSCVSPT TF DPOTFSWB PCUFOJร OEPTF BDFJUFT MVCSJDBOUFT WBTFMJOB BTGBMUP Z DPRVF EF QFUSร MFP

16. -PT DSBRVFPT TPO FM DSBRVFP Uร SNJDP RVF QFSNJUF RVF MBT NPMร DVMBT TPNFUJEBT B BMUBT QSFTJPOFT Z UFNQFSBUVSBT ย $ TF SPNQBO Z FM DSBRVFP DBUBMร UJDP RVF PDVSSF QPS MB BDDJร O EF DBUBMJ[BEPSFT BEFDVBEPT B UFNQFSBUVSBT Nร T CBKBT ย $

300 200 100 0 -100

Nรบmero de carbonos

-200

Pรกgina 25 15. &T OFDFTBSJP FGFDUVBS FM DSBRVFP EF BMHVOBT GSBDDJPOFT EF QFUSร MFP QBSB QSPEVDJS MB SVQUVSB EF MBT MBSHBT DBEFOBT DBSCPOBEBT EF IJESPDBSCVSPT Z PCUFOFS PUSPT EF DBEFOBT Nร T QFRVFร BT

400

Pรกgina 33 21. Nomenclatura /PNCSF TFHร O *61"$

Tipos de carbono (cantidad) $BSCPOPT $BSCPOPT $BSCPOPT $BSCPOPT primarios secundarios UFSDJBSJPT DVBUFSOBSJPT

)FYano

2-mFUJMQFOUBOP

17. 4F QVFEFO WJTJUBS MBT TJHVJFOUFT Qร HJOBT XFC

NFUJMQFOUBOP

IUUQ XXX BFTB DPN BS DPOTUSVDDJPO IUN <DPOTVMUBEB FO FOFSP EF > IUUQ XXX TIFMM DPN BS <DPOTVMUBEB FO FOFSP EF > IUUQ XXX ZQG DPN BS@FT <DPOTVMUBEB FO FOFSP EF >

EJNFUJMCVUBOP

2,2 EJNFUJMCVUBOP

Pรกgina 27 18. a) CH3

CH3 C

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH3

CH2

CH3

19. a) FUJMIFQUBOP b) /PNCSBEP DPSSFDUBNFOUF c) IFQUFOP d) NFUJMQFOUBOP

C CH3

22. a) &O MPT NPEFMPT MJOFBMFT FYJTUF NBZPS BDFSDBNJFOUP b) &M DPNQVFTUP RVF UJFOF NBZPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O FT FM JTร NFSP MJOFBM IFYBOP ZB RVF FO ร M TF EBO GVFS[BT EF -POEPO EF NBZPS JOUFOTJEBE

CH3 CH3

X X

CH2

CH3

23. &M NPEFMP EF WBSJMMBT QFSNJUF WJTVBMJ[BS MPT ร OHVMPT EF FOMBDF 24. $PO MPT NPEFMPT EF BMDBOPT MJOFBMFT FT QPTJCMF VO NBZPS BDFSDBNJFOUP RVF FO MPT SBNJGJDBEPT MP RVF HFOFSB GVFS[BT EF -POEPO EF NBZPS JOUFOTJEBE DPO MP DVBM FM JTร NFSP MJOFBM UFOESร NBZPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O RVF FM JTร NFSP SBNJGJDBEP

Pรกgina 34 25. &M CFUร O FT VOB TVTUBODJB SFTJOPTB RVF QSPDFEF EFM QFUSร MFP FT EFDJS RVF FT VOB NF[DMB EF IJESPDBSCVSPT

26. &M CFUร O FT MB GSBDDJร O SFTJEVBM SFTVMUBOUF EF MB EFTUJMBDJร O QSJ-

Pรกgina 35 27. -B GPSNBDJร O EF NFUBOP FO FM GPOEP PDFร OJDP FT MB NJTNB RVF MB EFM HBT EF MPT QBOUBOPT FT FM QSPEVDUP EF MB EFTDPNQPTJDJร O EF QMBOUBT QPS BDDJร O EF CBDUFSJB BOBFSร CJDBT

28. &M NFUBOP EFM GPOEP PDFร OJDP FT MMBNBEP IJESBUP EF NFUBOP QPSRVF TF FODVFOUSB BUSBQBEP FO QFRVFร BT DBKBT EF BHVB Tร MJEB IJFMP

29. &M NFUBOP QVFEF FTDBQBS EFM GPOEP PDFร OJDP QPSRVF FT VO HBT JOTPMVCMF FO BHVB

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

NBSJB EFM QFUSร MFP

Pรกginas 36 y 37 30. 4J FM QFUSร MFP TF FYUJOHVJFSB MP Nร T QSPCBCMF FT RVF MBT QFSTP-

OBT CVTDBSBO OVFWBT GVFOUFT EF FOFSHร B QBSB SFFNQMB[BSMP -B FOFSHร B TPMBS Z MB Fร MJDB TPO BMHVOBT EF MBT BMUFSOBUJWBT 4JO FNCBSHP FT QSPCBCMF RVF PDVSSB VOB DSJTJT FOFSHร UJDB 1PS PUSB QBSUF DPNP FM QFUSร MFP FT MB NBUFSJB QSJNB QBSB MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF NVDIPT NBUFSJBMFT DPNP MPT QMร TUJDPT TFHVSBNFOUF PDVSSJSร B VOB DSJTJT EF NBUFSJBMFT Z MPT TFSFT IVNBOPT UFOESร BO RVF FODPOUSBS FM NPEP EF SFFNQMB[BSMPT -BT DJWJMJ[BDJPOFT IBO TPCSFWJWJEP B OVNFSPTBT DSJTJT Z TJFNQSF IBO FODPOUSBEP FM NPEP EF TVQFSBSMBT

34. Fracciones (BTFT

Cantidad de carbonos

Puntos de ebulliciรณn (ยบC)

$1 B $

< a 20

/BGUBT

$ B $11

20 IBTUB

2VFSPTร O

$12 B $

IBTUB

(BTPJM

$ B $

de IBTUB

35.

Hidrocarburos "MJGร UJDPT

31. a) 6OB EF MBT DPOTFDVFODJBT FT RVF TF JOUFSSVNQF MB DBEFOB EF

De cadena cerrada

%F DBEFOB BCJFSUB

GSร P FO MPT BMJNFOUPT RVF EFCFO FTUBS SFGSJHFSBEPT Z FTUPT TF echan a perder. b) &O NVDIPT DBTPT QPS FKFNQMP FO MPT DFOUSPT BTJTUFODJBMFT EF TBMVE IPTQJUBMFT QPTFFO VO HSVQP FMFDUSร HFOP RVF GVODJPOB DPO OBGUB c) " DBSHP EFM BMVNOP

"SPNร UJDPT

"MDBOPT

$JDMPBMDBOPT

"MRVFOPT

$JDMPBMRVFOPT

"MRVJOPT

$JDMPBMRVJOPT

36. -PT JTร NFSPT EF MB Gร SNVMB NPMFDVMBS $ H10 TPO 32. 3FTQVFTUB NPEFMP -PT DPNCVTUJCMFT Gร TJMFT TPO FM DBSCร O FM QFUSร MFP Z FM HBT OBUVSBM &M QFUSร MFP UBNCJร O MMBNBEP QFUSร MFP DSVEP FT VOB NF[DMB EF IJESPDBSCVSPT

QFOUFOP

NFUJM CVUFOP

$) $ $)

"MDanos

Fรณrmula general $nH2n+2

"MRuenos

$nH2n

"MRuinos

$n H Oo

H2 $

$JDMPQFOUBOP

$)2 $)2

$n H2n

-PT JTร NFSPT EF MB Gร SNVMB NPMFDVMBS $ H TPO

$JDloalquenos

$n H2n-2

$JDMPCVUFOP

$ H

H2$

$)2

CVUJOP

37. 1FOUBOP

$)2

CVUJOP

$)2

$) $)2

$) $ $)2

$)2

d) &M FUBOP QVFEF GPSNBS FM SBEJDBM FUJMP 4V Gร SNVMB FT $) o $)2 o

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

H2$

$JDloalcanos "SPNร UJDPT CFODFOP

NFUJM CVUFOP

c) Tipo de hidrocarburo

QFOUFOP

$) o )$ $) o $)2 o $)

33. a) -BT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT QSJODJQBMFT EFM ร UPNP EF DBSCPOP TPO TV DBQBDJEBE QBSB GPSNBS DBEFOBT FTUBCMFT Z MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF GPSNBS FOMBDFT Nร MUJQMFT b) &M DBSCPOP QVFEF FTUBCMFDFS FOMBDFT TJNQMFT EPCMFT Z USJples.

H2$ $) o $)2 o $)2 o $)

$)2

$) ย $)2 ย $)

e) &M CFODFOP TF SFQSFTFOUB DPNP VO IFYร HPOP ZB RVF DPOUJFOF TFJT ร UPNPT EF DBSCPOP DBEB VOP TJNCPMJ[BEP QPS VO Wร SUJDF EF FTB GJHVSB HFPNร USJDB $PNP UJFOF USFT MJHBEVSBT EPCMFT BMUFSOBEBT DPOKVHBEBT RVF WBSร BO DPOTUBOUFNFOUF TV QPTJDJร O FGFDUP DPOPDJEP DPNP EF SFTPOBODJB FO MVHBS EF JOEJDBS USFT FOMBDFT EPCMFT FO QPTJDJPOFT FTUร UJDBT HFOFSBMNFOUF TF SFQSFTFOUBO con una circunferencia.

QFOUFOP

.FUJMCFODFOP

&UJOP

$) ย $)

$) ย $)2 ย $)

38.

b) &M JTร NFSP SBNJGJDBEP UJFOF NFOPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O QPS-

QFOUFOP $ H10 ] $) ย $)

RVF MBT GVFS[BT EF -POEPO TPO EF NFOPS JOUFOTJEBE FO ร M RVF en el de cadena lineal.

$) ย $)2 ย $)

$)2 $JDMPQFOUBOP $ H10 |

42. a) 1FOUBOP UJFOF NBZPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O QPSRVF OP FTUร SB-

$)2 $)2 $)2

NJGJDBEP QPS MP UBOUP UJFOF GVFS[BT EF -POEPO Nร T JOUFOTBT b) 1FOUBOP UJFOF NBZPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O RVF CVUBOP QPSRVF FT VOB NPMร DVMB EF NBZPS NBTB NPMFDVMBS %FCJEP B RVF MBT GVFS[BT EF JOUFSBDDJร O FOUSF NPMร DVMBT TF JODSFNFOUBO DPO FM Oร NFSP EF FMFDUSPOFT FO MB NPMร DVMB TVT QVOUPT EF FCVMMJDJร O BVNFOUBO DPO FM BVNFOUP EF MB NBTB NPMFDVMBS

$)2

NFUJMQFOUBOP $ H |

$) o $) o $)2 o $)2 o $) $)

NFUJM IFYFOP $ H |

$) o $ $) o $)2 o $)2 o $) $) $)

NFUJM QFOUJOP $ H10 | $)

$)2

$ o $) o $)2 o $)

$)2

EJQSPQJMCFODFOP $12H | $)2 IFYFOP $ H12 | $) o $)2 o $)

$)2

Reactividad de los hidrocarburos y estequiometrรญa

Pรกgina 38 1. " QSJODJQJPT EFM TJHMP XIX MB NBZPSร B EF MPT DJFOUร GJDPT BDPSEBCBO DPO MPT QPTUVMBEPT EFM WJUBMJTNP FT EFDJS QFOTBCBO RVF MBT TVTUBODJBT QSPEVDJEBT QPS PSHBOJTNPT WJWPT OP QPEร BO PCUFOFSTF FO FM MBCPSBUPSJP &O FTB ร QPDB OP FYJTUร BO MPT TPGJTUJDBEPT JOTUSVNFOUPT EF BOร MJTJT RVF FYJTUFO FO MB BDUVBMJEBE OP TF DPOPDร BO MPT QSJODJQBMFT NFDBOJTNPT CJPRVร NJDPT OJ NVDIBT EF MBT GVODJPOFT RVF DVNQMFO MPT PSHBOJTNPT "EFNร T EFCFO UFOFSTF FO DVFOUB MBT TJHOJGJDBUJWBT JOGMVFODJBT SFMJHJPTBT TPCSF MB DJFODJB FO HFOFSBM

$) o $)2 o $)

2. %FTEF MPT BOUJHVPT BMRVJNJTUBT RVF BTFHVSBCBO QPEFS DPOWFSUJS $JDMPCVUFOP $ H |

$)2 โ $)2

39. a) &UBOP b) #VUBOP c) .FUJMQSPQBOP d) $JDMPQSPQBOP e) QFOUFOP f) CVUJOP

NFUBMFT DPNVOFT FO PSP QBTBOEP QPS MB UFPSร B EFM GMPHJTUP P QPS MB IJQร UFTJT EF MB HFOFSBDJร O FTQPOUร OFB FO UPEBT MBT ร QPDBT TF IBO QPTUVMBEP UFPSร BT OP DPNQSPCBCMFT DJFOUร GJDBNFOUF

3. #FS[FMJVT FSB VO EFGFOTPS B VMUSBO[B EF MB UFPSร B EF MB GVFS[B WJUBM NJFOUSBT RVF 8ร IMFS TF PQPOร B UFOB[NFOUF B FMMB

4. &M FYQFSJNFOUP EF 8ร IMFS EJP VO HSBO JNQVMTP BM BWBODF EF MB RVร NJDB B QBSUJS EF FOUPODFT DPNFO[ร B TJOUFUJ[BSTF VOB HSBO DBOUJEBE EF TVTUBODJBT PSHร OJDBT Nร T DPNQMFKBT

40. a) -PT DPNQVFTUPT TF OPNCSBO Z TF DMBTJGJDBO EF MB TJHVJFOUF

b) $ $

H $ $) DJT CVUFOP

H $) $ $ H $ H USBOT CVUFOP

41. -PT BMDBOPT PSEFOBEPT FO GPSNB DSFDJFOUF EF QVOUPT EF FCVMMJDJร O TPO NFUBOP FUBOP QSPQBOP NFUJMCVUBOP QFOUBOP Z PDUBOP

a) &M BMDBOP EF NBZPS QVOUP EF FCVMMJDJร O FT PDUBOP &T FM RVF UJFOF NBZPS NBTB NPMFDVMBS QPS MP UBOUP IBCSร GVFS[BT EF -POEPO EF NBZPS JOUFOTJEBE

5. &M ร DJEP BDFUJMTBMJDร MJDP MB BTQJSJOB FM Gร SNBDP Nร T WFOEJEP FO MB IJTUPSJB FT VO QSPEVDUP TJOUFUJ[BEP FO FM MBCPSBUPSJP 0USBT TVTUBODJBT PSHร OJDBT RVF TF TJOUFUJ[BO FO FM MBCPSBUPSJP TPO NVDIPT Gร SNBDPT BEJUJWPT BMJNFOUBSJPT QMร TUJDPT EFSJWBEPT EFM QFUSร MFP FUDร UFSB

Pรกgina 41 6. a) $) o $) #S2 b) $) o $) $M2

$) o $)2#S )#S $) o $)2$M )$M

7. 1FOUBOP FUFOP Z QSPQJOP Pรกgina 44 8. -B BMRVJMBDJร O FT MB SFBDDJร O NFEJBOUF MB DVBM FT QPTJCMF PCUFOFS BMDBOPT NBZPSFT EF DBEFOB SBNJGJDBEB NJFOUBT RVF FM DSBRVFP DBUBMร UJDP QFSNJUF QSPEVDJS VOB GSBDDJร O MJHFSB BQSPWFDIBOEP PUSBT GSBDDJPOFT Nร T QFTBEBT

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

NBOFSB CVUJOP BMRVJOP TJO JTPNFSร B DJT USBOT CVUFOP BMRVFOP DPO JTPNFSร B DJT USBOT #VUBOP BMDBOP TJO JTPNFSร B DJT USBOT NFUJMCVUBOP BMDBOP TJO JTPNFSร B DJT USBOT

UPOBOUF FT TJNJMBS B MB EF VOB NF[DMB EF EF USJNFUJMQFOUBOP Z EF IFQUBOP

Pรกgina 45 10. a) -B QBMBCSB FT DPNCVTUJร O b) -BT QBMBCSBT TPO EF DBSCPOP OJUSร HFOP RVFNBEPT Z QMPNP 11. &M FUBOPM Z FM NFUBOPM FM CJPGVFM FM HBT OBUVSBM DPNQSJNJEP Z FM

e) Volumen (l)

9. 4J VOB OBGUB QPTFF PDUBOPT TJHOJGJDB RVF TV DBQBDJEBE BOUJEF-

0,082

0,041 0,027 0,0205 0,0164 0,0136

IJESร HFOP &M HBT OBUVSBM DPNQSJNJEP FT BNQMJBNFOUF VUJMJ[BEP FO MB 3FQร CMJDB "SHFOUJOB EJTNJOVZF IBTUB FM MPT HBTFT FNJUJEPT 1VFEF TFS VUJMJ[BEP JODMVTP FO MPT WFIร DVMPT EF OBGUB QSFWJB JOTUBMBDJร O EF VO EFQร TJUP FTQFDร GJDP QBSB FTUF HBT

Presiรณn (atm)

f) Z u Y k Pรกgina 46 12. a) H EF 02. b) NPMFT EF $02. c) H EF )20 Pรกgina 47 13. a) &M SFBDUJWP RVF MJNJUB MB SFBDDJร O FT FM PYร HFOP b) &M WPMVNFO EF EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP PCUFOJEP FT EF MJUSPT

c) &M WPMVNFO SFBM EF EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP PCUFOJEP FT EF MJUSPT

Pรกgina 49 14. a) -BT WBSJBCMFT RVF TF FTUVEJBSร O FO FTUB FYQFSJFODJB TPO WBSJBCMFT DVBOUJUBUJWBT b) -B WBSJBCMF DPOTUBOUF FT MB UFNQFSBUVSB MB WBSJBCMF JOEFQFOEJFOUF FT MB QSFTJร O Z MB WBSJBCMF EFQFOEJFOUF FT FM WPMVNFO c) " UFNQFSBUVSB DPOTUBOUF FM WPMVNFO FT EJSFDUBNFOUF QSPporcional a la presiรณn. " UFNQFSBUVSB DPOTUBOUF FM WPMVNFO FT JOWFSTBNFOUF QSPporcional a la presiรณn.

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Presiรณn (atm) 1 2

Volumen (l)

Z L Y RVF DPSSFTQPOEF B MB MMBNBEB SFMBDJร O EF QSPQPSDJPOBMJEBE JOWFSTB g) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT SFTVMUBEPT DPJODJEBO P RVF TJ IBZ EJGFSFODJBT QVFEBO FTUBCMFDFS EF Eร OEF QSPWJFOFO h) -B IJQร UFTJT FT B UFNQFSBUVSB DPOTUBOUF FM WPMVNFO FT JOWFSTBNFOUF QSPQPSDJPOBM B MB QSFTJร O 1 u 7 L RVF FT MB FYQSFTJร O NBUFNร UJDB EF MB MFZ EF #PZMF .BSJPUUF

Pรกgina 50 15. $PSSFTQPOEF B VOB SFBDDJร O EF DPNCVTUJร O 1BSB RVF TF QSPEV[DB VOB SFBDDJร O EF DPNCVTUJร O TF EFCF DPOUBS DPO VO DPNCVTUJCMF PYร HFOP Z FOFSHร B EF BDUJWBDJร O

16. -B SFBDDJร O RVร NJDB EF DPNCVTUJร O OPT QBSFDF NVZ TJNQMF Z Gร DJM EF SFQSPEVDJS Z SFTVMUB SBSP JNBHJOBS RVF MBT DJWJMJ[BDJPOFT BOUJHVBT MP DPOTJEFSBSBO EF PSJHFO EJWJOP &YQMJDBS FM GFOร NFOP EF MB DPNCVTUJร O MMFWร NJMFT EF Bร PT Z QPS FMMP MPT QVFCMPT BOUJHVPT TPMP QPEร BO FYQMJDBSMP Z BUSJCVJSMP B MPT EJPTFT

17. &M GVFHP FSB DPOTJEFSBEP UBO JNQPSUBOUF RVF MPT QSPQJPT EJPTFT QPEร BO PUPSHBSMP P SFUJSBSMP DPNP DBTUJHP B MPT NPSBMFT 5BO JNQPSUBOUF FSB FM GVFHP RVF QPEร B TVNJS FO MB QPCSF[B V PUPSHBS MB BCVOEBODJB B VOB DJWJMJ[BDJร O

Pรกgina 51 18. &M GMPHJTUP FSB BMHP RVF QPTFร BO MPT NBUFSJBMFT DPNCVTUJCMFT Z RVF QFSEร BO BM TFS RVFNBEPT

19. &TUB UFPSร B GVF EFTDBSUBEB ZB RVF OP QPEร B FYQMJDBS MB PYJEBDJร O EF MPT NFUBMFT DVZP SFTVMUBEP ร YJEPT QPTFร B NBZPS QFTP RVF FM NFUBM PSJHJOBM &TUP TVQVTP MB FYJTUFODJB EF VO GMPHJTUP EF QFTP OFHBUJWP &M RVร NJDP "OUPJOF -BWPJTJFS RVJFO ZB TPTQFDIBCB RVF MB UFPSร B EFM GMPHJTUP OP TF BQMJDBCB B MBT PYJEBDJPOFT EFNVFTUSB RVF FM PYร HFOP FT GVOEBNFOUBM FO FTUPT QSPDFTPT Z TVT Nร UPEPT DVBOUJUBUJWPT BTร MP DPOGJSNBO

20. -B DPNCVTUJร O FT VOB SFBDDJร O RVร NJDB DVZPT SFBDUJWPT TPO VO DPNCVTUJCMF Z VO DPNCVSFOUF PYร HFOP 4J MB DPNCVTUJร O FT DPNQMFUB TF QSPEVDF EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP Z BHVB TJ FT JODPNQMFUB TF QSPEVDF UBNCJร O DBSCร O Z P NPOร YJEP EF DBSCPOP

Pรกginas 52 y 53 21.

e) #FODFOP $MPSPNFUBOP DBUBMJ[BEPS "M$M f) #FODFOP $MPSPFUBOP DBUBMJ[BEPS "M$M

B 6 C

D H E I / F

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ร " 5 5

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25. I ร /

I ร / I ร / ร /

Sustancia "MDBOP "MRVFOP "MRVJOP

Hidrogenaciรณn Halogenaciรณn /0 4ยถ 4ยถ

4ยถ 4ยถ 4ยถ

Adiciรณn de hidrรกcido /0 4ยถ 4ยถ

Combustiรณn

Nitraciรณn

4ยถ 4ยถ 4ยถ

4ยถ /0 /0

26. a)

'F#S

#S2

)#S

22. 0SEFO DSFDJFOUF EF SFBDUJWJEBE

/02

&UBOP QSPQFOP QSPQJOP

23. a) .FUBOP 0Yร HFOP

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H240

)/0

+ H20

$)2

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)$M

27. &O MB BEJDJร O EF IJESร DJEPT B BMRVFOPT DPO DBSCPOPT BTJNร USJDPT FM GSBHNFOUP FMFDUSPGร MJDP )+ TF BEJDJPOB BM DBSCPOP EFM EPCMF FOMBDF DPO NBZPS Oร NFSP EF IJESร HFOPT

$M 'F#S

$M2

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28. a) &9 FYPUร SNJDB b) &9 FYPUร SNJDB 29. &M PUSP DPNQVFTUP FT FM IFQUBOP $) ย $)2 ย $) .

g) #SPNPCFODFOP #SPNP #S

P EJCSPNPCFODFOP #SPNVSP EF IJESร HFOP

30. &T FM EJNFUJMQFOUBOP

)#S

31. a) &TUF UJQP EF QSPDFTP TF MMBNB DSBRVFP DBUBMร UJDP b) -PT IJESPDBSCVSPT RVF TF QSPEVDFO UJFOFO HSBO JNQPSUBODJB

#S 'F#S

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/02

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)/0

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32. a) -B NBTB EF SFBDUJWP MJNJUBOUF FT H EF CFODFOP b) 4F PCUJFOFO NPMFT EF OJUSPCFODFOP c) 4F QSPEVDFO H EF BHVB 33. ฤ ) o L+ 34. 4F PCUJFOFO MJUSPT

i) 1SPQFOP ยซDJEP CSPNIร ESJDP $)2

$) ย $) )#S

CSPNPQSPQBOP $) ย $)#S ย $)

35. -B SFBDDJร O FT $2H2 + H2

$2H Reacciona 0,1 g de hidrรณgeno.

24. a) 1SPQFOP $MPSVSP EF IJESร HFOP DBUBMJ[BEPS UFUSBDMPSVSP EF DBSCPOP

b) #VUFOP )JESร HFOP c) #VUFOP "HVB d) 1SPQFOP #SPNP

36. a) 4F PCUJFOFO NPMFT EF IJESร HFOP b) 4F OFDFTJUBO H EF DJOD

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

h) /JUSPCFODFOP ยซDJEP Oร USJDP

Los compuestos orgรกnicos oxigenados y nitrogenados

Pรกgina 59 12. a) $) ย $)2 ย $)2 ย 0)

Pรกgina 54 1. -B Gร SNVMB NPMFDVMBS FT $ H 0

b) $)2 ย $) $

2. -BT CPMJUBT HSJTFT SFQSFTFOUBO MPT DBSCPOPT MBT CMBODBT MPT IJESร HFOPT Z MB SPKB FM PYร HFOP

c) $)2 ย $)2 ย $)2 ย $) 0

3. -BT DPOEJDJPOFT FO RVF TF USBCBKBCB FO MPT RVJSร GBOPT FO FTB

ร QPDB FSBO NVZ QPDP DVJEBEBT Z OP TF DPOPDร B NVZ CJFO FM QBQFM EF MBT CBDUFSJBT DPNP GVFOUF EF JOGFDDJร O MP RVF HFOFSBMNFOUF QSPWPDBCB MB NVFSUF EFM QBDJFOUF

d) $) ย $

0 ย $) 0

4. &M GFOPM FT VO BMDPIPM EFSJWBEP EFM CFODFOP VO Tร MJEP B UFNQFe)

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Pรกgina 56 5. &M HSVQP GVODJPOBM RVF DBSBDUFSJ[B B MPT BMDPIPMFT FT FM IJESPYJMP o0)

6. a) & ยฒUFS b) " "MDPIPM

$) ย $)2 ย $

0H 0

13. a) #VUBOPM b) ยซDJEP NFUBOPJDP c) 'FOPM d) %JFUJMร UFS Pรกgina 60 14. a) $) o $)2 2 o 0)

7. -PT BMDPIPMFT TPO JTร NFSPT FTUSVDUVSBMFT EF QPTJDJร O UJFOFO

JHVBM Gร SNVMB NPMFDVMBS Z UBNCJร O JHVBM HSVQP GVODJPOBM QFSP TF VCJDBO FO EJTUJOUBT QPTJDJPOFT FO MB DBEFOB DBSCPOBEB

$) o $)2 2 o 0 o $)2 2 o $) + H20

$) o $ o $) + H2

0) $) o $) o $)

c) $) o $)2 2 o $)2 o 0) Pรกgina 57 8. -PT BMEFIร EPT OP QSFTFOUBO JTPNFSร B EF QPTJDJร O ZB RVF MB GVO-

DJร O BMEFIร EP FTUBSร TJFNQSF FO VO DBSCPOP QSJNBSJP FT EFDJS FO FM FYUSFNP EF MB DBEFOB DBSCPOBEB -BT DFUPOBT QSFTFOUBO JTPNFSร B EF QPTJDJร O ZB RVF MB GVODJร O QVFEF FODPOUSBSTF FO DVBMRVJFSB EF MPT DBSCPOPT TFDVOEBSJPT EF VOB DBEFOB DBSCPOBEB

Pรกgina 58 9. &M HSVQP GVODJPOBM RVF DBSBDUFSJ[B B MPT ร DJEPT FT FM HSVQP DBSCPYJMP o$00)

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

10. -PT ร TUFSFT TF QVFEFO PCUFOFS QPS EFTIJESBUBDJร O EF VO ร DJEP DBSCPYร MJDP Z EF VO BMDPIPM FO QSFTFODJB EF VO DBUBMJ[BEPS RVF QPS MP HFOFSBM FT VO ร DJEP GVFSUF

11. -PT ร DJEPT EF DBEFOB DPSUB TF FODVFOUSBO GPSNBOEP Eร NFSPT ZB RVF FOUSF EPT NPMร DVMBT TF GPSNBO VOJPOFT QVFOUF EF IJESร HFOP QPS MB QSFTFODJB TJNVMUร OFB EF MPT HSVQPT QPMBSFT DPNP DPOTFDVFODJB EF FMMP MPT QVOUPT EF GVTJร O Z EF FCVMMJDJร O TPO Nร T BMUPT RVF MPT EF MPT DPNQVFTUPT PSHร OJDPT EF TJNJMBS NBTB NPMFDVMBS

$)2

$) o $)2 o $) + H20

Pรกgina 63 15. -BT BNJOBT QVFEFO PCUFOFSTF QPS FM Nร UPEP EF )PGNBOO FO FM

RVF VO IBMPHFOVSP EF BMRVJMP SFBDDJPOB DPO BNPOร BDP -BT BNJEBT QVFEFO PCUFOFSTF QPS EFTIJESBUBDJร O EF VO ร DJEP DBSCPYร MJDP DPO BNPOร BDP

16. a) $) o $)2 2 o $) )/0 $) o $)2 o /02 + H20 b) $) o $)2 o $M "H/0 $) o $)2 o /02 "H$M c)

0 $) ย $

$) ย $

/)2

Pรกgina 65 17. a) &T OFDFTBSJP DBMFOUBS FM FUBOPM QBSB RVF FTUร FO FTUBEP HBTFPTP Z UPNF DPOUBDUP DPO FM BMBNCSF EF DPCSF

b) -PT PMPSFT EF MPT SFBDUJWPT Z MPT QSPEVDUPT TPO EJGFSFOUFT MP RVF JOEJDB RVF TF QSPEVKP VO DBNCJP

c) &M SFBDUJWP EF 'FIMJOH SFBDDJPOB DPO MB GVODJร O BMEFIร EP MP RVF JOEJDB RVF TF QSPEVKP VO DBNCJP ZB RVF FO FM UVCP UFTUJHP FM SFBDUJWP OP SFBDDJPOB

Página 66 18. La luz solar y los cambios de temperatura actúan como catalizadores de reacciones químicas.

e) CH3 – OH + CH3 – CH2 – OH

CH3 – O – CH2 – CH3 + H2O

f) CH3 – (CH2)2 – COOH + CH3 – OH

CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – O – CH3 + H2O O

19. Para evitar la oxidación de los componentes de los aceites eseng) NH3 + 2 CH3 – OH

ciales es conveniente que se los almacene en frascos bien herméticos.

(CH3)2 – NH + 2 H2O CH3 – C – NH2 + H2O

h) CH3 – COOH + NH3 20. La benzoína, en condiciones normales, es un sólido incoloro

que presenta dos grupos fenilo, una función cetona y una función alcohol.

+ H2O

H2SO4

OH + H2

21. La destilación hizo posible dos innovaciones principales en la perfumería. En primer lugar, permitió la extracción de aceites esenciales de alta calidad de una variedad mucho más amplia de plantas. En segundo lugar, permitió la fabricación de alcohol de una concentración más alta que la que se podía obtener mediante la fermentación.

27. a) b) c) d) e)

Solubles en agua: etanol, 2-propanol, propanona y etanal. Reaccionan con sodio: etanol, 2-propanol. Se oxida para dar una cetona: 2-propanol. Se oxidan para dar ácido etanoico: etanol y etanal. Se reduce para dar un alcohol secundario: propanona.

Página 67 22. El etanol puede obtenerse por destilación seca de la madera o

28. a) b) c) d)

1-propanol. Dipropiléter. Propanona. Benzaldehído.

por tratamiento de eteno con ácido sulfúrico concentrado.

23. El vodka es una bebida alcohólica de alta graduación de etanol. El etanol es una sustancia tóxica para el organismo, en consecuencia, su consumo desmedido puede llevar a la muerte.

29. a) CH2

CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-OH CH3 – CH2 – OH + O2 CH3 – COOH +H2O b) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – OH + O2 CH3 – CH2 – COOH + H2O c) CH3 – CH= CH – CH3 + H2O CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 CU CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 250 C CH3 – CH2 – CO – CH3

24. Mendeleiev estandarizó la proporción de la mezcla de agua y etanol en el vodka

t t t

cos, etcétera. Cambios de conducta como la desinhibición, la agresividad, el deterioro de la capacidad de juicio, lenguaje confuso, descoordinación, cambio del estado de ánimo, irritabilidad y disminución de la capacidad de atención. Amnesia de los acontecimientos durante la intoxicación. Pérdida de conciencia. Coma e incluso muerte por depresión cardiorrespiratoria.

Páginas 68 y 69 26. a) CH3 — OH — OH

H H

CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3

CH3 — C — CH2 — CH3 + H2

c) 2CH3 — CHO + O2 d) H2C

O + H2

O 2CH3 — COOH

CH — CH2 — CH3 + H2O

CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3 OH

30.

ñ)

25. Los efectos del alcohol son los siguientes: t Actúa como depresor del sistema nervioso central. t Produce hipoglucemias, hepatitis aguda, trastornos cardía-

31. #FODFOP "OIร ESJEP FUBOPJDP

d) $) ย $)2$M "H/0

"DFUPGFOPOB ยซDJEP BDร UJDP $BUBMJ[BEPS "M$M USJDMPSVSP EF BMVNJOJP

40. a) $) ย $00) /) b) $) ย $)2$M /)

32. -B TFDVFODJB FT MB TJHVJFOUF

$) o $)2 o 0) 02

$) o $00) )20

c) $) o $

&UBOPM ยซDJEP FUBOPJDP

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33. A: NFUJM IFYFOP B: FUJMQFOUFOP C: NFUJM IFYFOP &M ร DJEP TVMGร SJDP DVNQMF MB GVODJร O EF

Pรกgina 75 1. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT EJTDVUBO TPCSF FM TJHOJGJDBEP EFM Uร SNJOP iCJPNPMร DVMBTw Z RVF MBT VCJRVFO oFO Uร SNJOPT EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O EF MB WJEBo QPS EFCBKP EF MBT Dร MVMBT &T QPTJCMF RVF NFODJPOFO MBT QSPUFร OBT MPT B[ร DBSFT Z MBT HSBTBT DPNP USFT UJQPT EF CJPNPMร DVMBT " TV WF[ QVFEF TFS RVF JEFOUJGJRVFO DJFSUPT BMJNFOUPT DPO FTBT CJPNPMร DVMBT DPNP MBT QBTUBT DPO MPT IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP Z MBT DBSOFT DPO MBT QSPUFร OBT

DBUBMJ[BEPS

34. A: 1SPQFOP B: #SPNPQSPQBOP C: 1SPQJMBNJOB D: O QSPQJMFUBOBNJEB E: 1SPQBOPM

2. -B GVODJร O EFM PYร HFOP FO FM TFOUJEP DPO FM RVF TF MP FTUVEJBSร FO FTUB TFDDJร O OP FT JOUVJUJWP Z QPS MP UBOUP OP FT FTQFSBCMF RVF MPT BMVNOPT MP DPOP[DBO P QVFEBO EFEVDJSMP 4VT SFTQVFTUBT FO DPOTFDVFODJB SFTVMUBSร O ร UJMFT QBSB DPNFO[BS B EFTDVCSJS MPT EJGFSFOUFT UFNBT EFM DBQร UVMP Z MB TFDDJร O

35. $) o $

+ H20

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$) o $)2 o 0) $) o $00)

0 o $)2 o $) &UBOPBUP EF FUJMP

FUBOPM

ยซDJEP FUBOPJDP

3. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT DPOUFTUFO RVF MB FOFSHร B QSPWJFOF EF MPT BMJNFOUPT QFSP OP RVF DPOP[DBO FO QSPGVOEJEBE FM NFDBOJTNP QPS FM DVBM MPT BMJNFOUPT QSPQPSDJPOBO FTB FOFSHร B

36. 'ร SNVMB NPMFDVMBS $)202

'ร SNVMB EFTBSSPMMBEB 0 ) ย $ ย 0)

ยซDJEP NFUBOPJDP

-PT ร DJEPT QVFEFO SFBDDJPOBS DPO BMDPIPMFT QBSB EBS ร TUFSFT DPO CBTFT DPNP FM IJESร YJEP EF TPEJP QBSB EBS TBMFT DPO HMJDFSPM QBSB EBS HMJDร SJEPT DPO BNPOร BDP QBSB EBS BNJEBT

Los hidratos de carbono

Pรกgina 76 1. a) -PT B[ร DBSFT Z MPT OVDMFร UJEPT ร DJEPT OVDMFJDPT TPO CJPNPMร DVMBT

37.

b) 3FTVMUB JNQPSUBOUF QPSRVF FT MB SVUB RVF QFSNJUF BQSPWF"MEFIร EPT "MDPIPMFT

ยฒUFSFT $FUPOBT

DIBS MB MBDUPTB DPNP OVUSJFOUF Z GVFOUF EF FOFSHร B

c) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT IBHBO VOB Cร TRVFEB Z QVFEBO

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

NFODJPOBS QPS FKFNQMP B #FSOBSEP )PVTTBZ Z $ร TBS .JMTUFJO

38. -B FTQFDJF RVร NJDB RVF TF PYJEB FT FM BMEFIร EP RVF QBTB B ร DJEP Z MB FTQFDJF RVร NJDB RVF TF SFEVDF FT FM DPCSF RVF QBTB EF $V2+ B $V+.

39. a) $) o $)2 o $) )/0 b)

H240

)/0

c) $) ย $)2 ย $

0 o ) 0 2

$) o $)2 o $)2 o /02 + H20

Pรกgina 78 2. &M BMEFIร EP Gร SNJDP QPTFF O Z QPS FTP OP FT VO IJESBUP EF DBSCPOP " MB SBNOPTB QPS TV QBSUF MF GBMUB VO ร UPNP EF PYร HFOP QBSB SFTQPOEFS B MB Gร SNVMB HFOFSBM EF MPT DBSCPIJESBUPT

/02 + H20

$) ย $)2 ย $

/)2

Pรกgina 80 3.

Pรกgina 86 6. -PT SVNJBOUFT BQSPWFDIBO MB NJDSPCJPUB JOUFTUJOBM RVF QSPEVDF FO[JNBT DBQBDFT EF EFHSBEBS DFMVMPTB QBSB EJHFSJS Z BQSPWFDIBS FTUF IJESBUP EF DBSCPOP

Pรกgina 87 7. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF FO FM JOGPSNF JODMVZBO VO Uร UVMP PCKFUJWPT EFTDSJQDJร O HFOFSBM NBUFSJBMFT NFUPEPMPHร B SFTVMUBEPT Z conclusiones. b) &TUB BDUJWJEBE QSFUFOEF JNQVMTBS B MPT BMVNOPT B SFEBDUBS Z FYQSFTBSTF FO GPSNB DMBSB DPOTJEFSBOEP RVF PUSP EFCF MFFS TVT informes. c) -B TBMJWB FT GVFOUF EF BNJMBTB RVF EFHSBEB FM BMNJEร O FO B[ร DBSFT TJNQMFT &O OVFTUSP PSHBOJTNP FT SFTQPOTBCMF EF MB QSJNFSB GBTF EFM QSPDFTP EF EJHFTUJร O RVF DPNJFO[B UBNCJร O DPO MB EJTHSFHBDJร O NFDร OJDB QSPEVDJEB QPS MB NBTUJDBDJร O

Pรกgina 88 8. &TUPT TJUJPT XFC DPOUJFOFO JOGPSNBDJร O TPCSF FMBCPSBDJร O EF Pรกgina 83 4. %FSJWBEPT EF MB HBMBDUPTB

QBTUB DFMVMPTB QSPUFDDJร O EFM BNCJFOUF FO SFMBDJร O DPO MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF QBQFM Z NVDIB Nร T JOGPSNBDJร O IUUQ XXX DFMVMPTBBSHFOUJOB DPN BS IUUQ XXX QBQFMQSFOTB DPN

Pรกgina 89 9. 0SJHJOBMNFOUF MB JOTVMJOB VUJMJ[BEB FO UFSBQJB IVNBOB FSB EF PSJHFO QPSDJOP &O MB BDUVBMJEBE FT VOB QSPUFร OB SFDPNCJOBOUF MP RVF TJHOJGJDB RVF TF PCUJFOF EF NPEP BSUJGJDJBM QPS NFEJP EF VO QSPDFTP CJPUFDOPMร HJDP

Pรกgina 84 5. &M OPNCSF EFTBSSPMMBEP FT 0 ` % (BMBDUPQJSBOPTJM _-Dglucopiranosa.

A: BMEPQFOUPTB NPOPTBDร SJEP EF DJODP DBSCPOPT Z VO HSVQP BMEFIร EP

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกginas 90 y 91 10.

B: β-piranosa: hexosa con un anillo hexagonal, cuyo carbono

mientras que la configuración de una sustancia es la disposición que adoptan las moléculas en el espacio; en este punto, es importante que los alumnos no confundan configuración con conformación: mientras que la conformación puede variar sin ruptura de enlaces, la configuración solo puede cambiar si se rompe al menos un enlace entre átomos.

anomérico es beta. C: α-furanosa: pentosa con un anillo pentagonal, cuyo carbono anomérico es alfa. D: cetotetrosa: monosacárido de cuatro carbonos con un grupo ceto.

11. a) Se denomina mutarrotación al proceso de interconversión de

12. a)

los anómeros, que ocurre en solución acuosa. En consecuencia, en cualquier solución de alguno de estos isómeros, con el tiempo, se alcanza un equilibrio entre ambos anómeros. b) La maltosa y la lactosa son reductores, porque el oxhidrilo del carbono anomérico no forma parte del enlace glucosídico; en la sacarosa, en cambio, ambos oxhidrilos están implicados en el enlace. Enlace glucosídico

CH2OH H HO

H OH H

4’

O H

H OH

1’

4’

D-idosa

Ácido galactárico

CH2OH

Enlace glucosídico SACAROSA ( -glucosa + -fructosa)

Ácido idurónico

Manitol

13. a)

CH2OH O

β 1’

H O

4’

H OH

H OH Enlace glucosídico H α o β1-4 LACTOSA (β-galactosa + α-glucosa)

O H

H OH

c) El enlace glucosídico es la unión química entre dos monosa-

HO CH2

CH2OH HO H H H OH

H OH MALTOSA ( -glucosa + -glucosa)

H2C OH H

1’

L-gulosa

CH2OH

cáridos. Es el enlace que se establece en todos los hidratos de carbono compuestos por más de un monosacárido: disacáridos, oligosacáridos y polisacáridos. d) Las fórmulas de Fischer permiten analizar la estructura lineal de los hidratos de carbono, con todos sus átomos desarrollados; las fórmulas de Haworth, en cambio, muestran la conformación tridimensional que adoptan estas moléculas en solución, de manera esquemática. e) Los polisacáridos de reserva, como el glucógeno, son las estructuras que utilizan las células para almacenar los monosacáridos que luego utilizarán como fuente de energía. En cambio, los polisacáridos estructurales, como la celulosa, cumplen una función mecánica. f) El poder rotatorio: grado de rotación de la luz polarizada, producida por una solución de una sustancia determinada,

Sacarosa

α-D-fructofuranosa

L-ramnosa

19. -PT BMVNOPT TFOUJSร BO VO TBCPS EVMDF a) &M IJESBUP EF DBSCPOP FT FM BMNJEร O b) MVFHP EF NBTUJDBSMP DPNJFO[B B EFHSBEBSTF B HMVDPTB c) MB SFTQPOTBCMF FT MB FO[JNB BNJMBTB TBMJWBM 20. 3FTQVFTUB NPEFMP a) "Oร MJTJT EF VO GSBTDP EF KBMFB EF NFNCSJMMP Contiene por porciรณn de 20 g: 7BMPS FOFSHร UJDP

ฮฑ-lactosa

)JESBUPT EF DBSCPOP

1SPUFร OBT

14. -B IJESร MJTJT EF MB SBGJOPTB PSJHJOB HBMBDUPTB HMVDPTB Z GSVDUPTB -B IJESร MJTJT EF MB HFOBOUJPTB PSJHJOB HMVDPTB Z GSVDUPTB -B HFODJBOPTB FT VOP EF MPT B[ร DBSFT QSFTFOUFT FO FM FYUSBDUP EF HFODJBOB RVF TF FNQMFB QBSB BVNFOUBS FM BQFUJUP Z GVODJPOB DPNP iEJHFTUJWPw -B SBGJOPTB TF FODVFOUSB FO MPT BMJNFOUPT MFHVNJOPTPT Z GPSNB QBSUF EF MB GJCSB OP EJHFSJCMF

0,1 g 0g

'JCSB BMJNFOUBSJB

4PEJP /B

1PUBTJP ,

7JUBNJOB $

(SBTBT

.BHOFTJP .H

ร cido D-glucรณnico

LDBM

1 mg NH

&TUF TJUJP DPOUJFOF JOGPSNBDJร O OVUSJDJPOBM TPCSF QSPEVDUPT CBKBT DBMPSร BT IUUQ XXX CDMBDBNQBHOPMB DPN <$POTVMUBEP FO FOFSP EF >

b) Z c) &TUB Qร HJOB DPOUJFOF JOGPSNBDJร O TPCSF MB GSVDUPTB FEVMDPSBOUFT BMJNFOUPT Z TBMVE IUUQ XXX QSPUFDUPSB PSH BS BMJNFOUPT RVF DPOTVNJNPT FEVMDPSBOUFT CVFOPT Z NBMPT MBT WFOUBKBT EFM B[VDBS OBUVSBM <$POTVMUBEP FO FOFSP EF >

15. a -B JOTVMJOB FT VOB IPSNPOB QFQUร EJDB RVF GBDJMJUB FM QBTBKF EF

16. &TUB BDUJWJEBE QSFUFOEF EFTBSSPMMBS FO MPT BMVNOPT MB Cร TRVFEB

EF JOGPSNBDJร O DPO FM PCKFUJWP EF RVF BDDFEBO B EJWFSTBT GVFOUFT DPNP CJCMJPUFDBT *OUFSOFU 1PS PUSB QBSUF TF CVTDB RVF MPHSFO TFMFDDJPOBS Z PSHBOJ[BS MB JOGPSNBDJร O SFDBCBEB NFEJBOUF VO JOGPSNF 1PS ร MUJNP BM TFS VOB BDUJWJEBE HSVQBM TF FTUJNVMBO FM JOUFSDBNCJP Z MBT SFMBDJPOFT JOUFSQFSTPOBMFT DPO FM PCKFUJWP EF CVTDBS BDVFSEPT F JOUFSDBNCJBS FYQFSJFODJBT

17. " ร DJEP HMVDร OJDP # TPSCJUPM $ ร DJEP HMVDร SJDP % ร DJEP HMVcurรณnico.

Los lรญpidos

Pรกgina 92 1. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT UFOHBO EJGJDVMUBE QBSB JEFOUJGJDBS GVODJPOFT iQPTJUJWBTw EFM DPMFTUFSPM DPNP DPOTFDVFODJB EFM TBCFS QPQVMBS SFTQFDUP EFM DPMFTUFSPM DPNP BMHP NBMP b) &T QPTJCMF RVF MPT BMVNOPT TFQBO RVF FTUร FO MB TBOHSF QFSP FT QPDP QSPCBCMF RVF QVFEBO TFร BMBS MB NFNCSBOB DFMVMBS DPNP TJUJP EF MPDBMJ[BDJร O c) &M DPMFTUFSPM FTUร QSFTFOUF TJFNQSF FO BMJNFOUPT EF PSJHFO animal.

2. 4F EFOPNJOB BUFSPFTDMFSPTJT RVF FT VOB EF MBT GPSNBT EF MB BSUFSJPFTDMFSPTJT 4F EFOPNJOB BTร QPSRVF TF GPSNBO BUFSPNBT iBUFSPw RVF PCTUSVZFO MB MV[ EF MPT WBTPT TBOHVร OFPT iFTDMFSPTJTw -PT GBDUPSFT RVF GBWPSFDFO FTUB FOGFSNFEBE TPO WBSJPT DPNP FM UBCBRVJTNP FM DPMFTUFSPM -%- FMFWBEP FO TBOHSF MB PCFTJEBE

18. Pรกgina 93 3. 0USPT BMJNFOUPT RVF QPTFFO Mร QJEPT TPO QPS FKFNQMP MBT HBMMFUJUBT EVMDFT Z FM ZPHVS FOUFSP a) )BZ BMJNFOUPT RVF OP QPTFFO HSBTBT QFSP TPO QPDP IBCJUVBMFT 1PS FKFNQMP NVDIBT NFSNFMBEBT Z CFCJEBT b) /P UPEPT MPT BMJNFOUPT QPTFFO MB NJTNB QSPQPSDJร O EF Mร QJEPT

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

MB HMVDPTB EFTEF FM UPSSFOUF TBOHVร OFP IBDJB FM JOUFSJPS EF MBT Dร MVMBT &M HMVDBHร O QPS TV QBSUF FTUJNVMB MB MJCFSBDJร O EF HMVDPTB EFTEF FM Iร HBEP IBDJB FM UPSSFOUF TBOHVร OFP b) )JQPHMVDFNJB CBKPT OJWFMFT EF HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF IJQFSHMVDFNJB OJWFMFT FMFWBEPT EF HMVDPTB FO MB TBOHSF HMVDPTVSJB HMVDPTB QSFTFOUF FO MB PSJOB

c) $PO GSFDVFODJB TF EJTUJOHVFO ร DJEPT HSBTPT TBUVSBEPT F JOTBUVSBEPT Z FO FTUF ร MUJNP DBTP TF EJTUJOHVF MB QSPQPSDJร O EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT iUSBOTw RVF FT VOB EF MBT DPOGPSNBDJPOFT FTQBDJBMFT EF MBT JOTBUVSBDJPOFT QSFTFOUFT FO MB DBEFOB EF DBSCPOPT EFM ร DJEP HSBTP

Pรกgina 105 10. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT DPOTUSVZBO VOB Mร OFB EF UJFNQP DPNP MB RVF TF JOEJDB B DPOUJOVBDJร O

Pรกgina 95 4. 4F VUJMJ[BO ร DJEPT HSBTPT PCUFOJEPT QPS NFEJP EF VO QSPDFTP MMBNBEP TBQPOJGJDBDJร O &TUF QSPDFTP DPOTJTUF FO MB IJESร MJTJT BMDBMJOB EF MPT USJHMJDร SJEPT MJCFSBOEP HMJDFSPM QPS VO MBEP Z TBMFT EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT QPS PUSP

312 a. C. -PT SPNBOPT DPOTUSVZFO TVT CBร PT Qร CMJDPT

Pรกgina 100 5. -B GVODJร O QSJODJQBM EFM DPMFTUFSPM FT SFHVMBS MB GMVJEF[ EF MB

500 a. C. $PNJFO[P EF MB BMUB &EBE .FEJB MPT OPCMFT Z MPT DPNFSDJBOUFT SJDPT UJFOFO TVT CBร PT QSJWBEPT

NFNCSBOB

Pรกgina 101 6. "NCBT FTUร O DPNQVFTUBT QPS GPTGPMร QJEPT DPO QSPUFร OBT JODMVJ-

600 a. C. -B GBCSJDBDJร O EF KBCร O FT MMFWBEB B &VSPQB QPS los fenicios.

EBT 4JO FNCBSHP FO MBT MJQPQSPUFร OBT IBZ VOB ร OJDB DBQB MJQร EJDB NJFOUSBT RVF MB NFNCSBOB DFMVMBS FT VOB CJDBQB

Pรกgina 103 7. a) -B TBQPOJGJDBDJร O TF QSPEVDF EVSBOUF FM DBMFOUBNJFOUP EFM BDFJUF P MB HSBTB DPO MB MFKร B Dร VTUJDB

1000 d. C. $PNJFO[P EF MB CBKB &EBE .FEJB CBร BSTF cae en desgracia.

1500 d. C. -B GBCSJDBDJร O EF KBCร O sigue siendo VO BSUF SFMBUJWBNFOUF QSJNJUJWP

1100 d. C. 4F SFHJTUSB FM VTP EF KBCร O FO MBT DMBTFT BMUBT JOHMFTBT

11. &O MB BDUVBMJEBE BMHVOPT KBCPOFT TJHVFO QSPEVDJร OEPTF EF NPEP SFMBUJWBNFOUF BSUFTBOBM B QBSUJS EF USJHMJDร SJEPT EF PSJHFO OBUVSBM 4F VUJMJ[BO QBSB FMMP BDFJUFT EF QBMNB Z EF PMJWB 1PS PUSP MBEP DJFSUPT KBCPOFT DPNP MPT Mร RVJEPT TF QSPEVDFO EF NPEP UPUBMNFOUF BSUJGJDJBM

8. a) /P UJFOF WBSJBT DPOEVDUBT JNQSVEFOUFT b) /P FTUร O VUJMJ[BOEP HBGBT QSPUFDUPSBT OP FTUร O FNQMFBOEP HVBOUFT VOP EF FMMPT FTUร VUJMJ[BOEP VO HVBSEBQPMWP BSSFmangado. c) )BZ NVDIBT PUSBT OPSNBT RVF PCTFSWBS FO VO MBCPSBUPSJP QPS FKFNQMP OP EFTDBSUBS NBUFSJBM QFMJHSPTP QPS MB QJMFUB P OP NF[DMBS TVTUBODJBT RVF QVFEBO QSPEVDJS FYQMPTJPOFT

800 d. C. &TQBร B FT FM QSJODJQBM GBCSJDBOUF EF KBCร O

1200 d. C. $PNJFO[B MB GBCSJDBDJร O EFM KBCร O )BXLJOH FO *OHMBUFSSB .BSTFMMB (ร OPWB 7FOFDJB Z 4BWPOB TF DPOWJFSUFO FO DFOUSPT EFM DPNFSDJP

b) 4F FYQMJDB QPSRVF TF DPOWJFSUFO MPT USJHMJDร SJEPT EFM BDFJUF FO TBMFT EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT Z BNCBT DMBTFT EF TVTUBODJBT EJGJFSFO FO TV QVOUP EF GVTJร O

700 d. C. -B GBCSJDBDJร O EF KBCร O TF DPOWJFSUF FO VO BSUF FO 7FOFDJB 1SJNFSBT FYQPSUBDJPOFT

Pรกginas 106 y 107 12. Escualeno

Pรกgina 104 9. a) &M BDFJUF EF PMJWB TF PCUJFOF QPS QSFOTBEP EF MBT BDFJUVOBT &M QSPDFEJNJFOUP OP IB DBNCJBEP NVDIP DPO MB UFDOPMPHร B

-JDPQFOP

7JUBNJOB "1

'JUPM

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

b) 4F PCUJFOFO BDFJUF WJSHFO QPS QSFOTBEP FO GSร P Z BDFJUFT SFGJOBEPT QPS QSFOTBEP FO DBMJFOUF Z QPTUFSJPS FYUSBDDJร O Z SFGJOBDJร O DPO TPMWFOUFT FTQFDJBMFT " TV WF[ FM BDFJUF WJSHFO QVFEF DMBTJGJDBSTF FO FYUSB WJSHFO GJOP Z DPSSJFOUF TFHร O TV BSPNB Z TV HSBEP EF BDJEF[ &TUPT EPT QBSร NFUSPT EFQFOEFO EF MB DBMJEBE EF MBT BDFJUVOBT FNQMFBEBT c) &M DVMUJWP EFM PMJWP FTUร NVZ WJODVMBEP BM DVMUJWP EF MB WJE QBSB MB QSPEVDDJร O EF WJOP &O HFOFSBM MPT UFSSFOPT Gร SUJMFT EPOEF TF DVMUJWBO VWBT BQUBT QBSB MB QSPEVDDJร O EF WJOP UBNCJร O TPO BQUPT QBSB FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MPT PMJWPT

b) &T MB HMร OEVMB RVF QSPEVDF MB TVTUBODJB PMFPTB RVF JNQFS-

-JOBMPM

NFBCJMJ[B MBT QMVNBT EF MBT BWFT BDVร UJDBT c) 5BM DPNP EJKJNPT MBT QSPUFHF EF MPT QBSร TJUPT F JNQJEF MB FWBQPSBDJร O FYDFTJWB EFM BHVB &TUB DFSB FTUร QSFTFOUF FO FM BDFCP FM SPEPEFOESP MB IJFESB WFOFOPTB Z NVDIBT QMBOUBT USPQJDBMFT d) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDVSSBO B MJCSPT EF RVร NJDB PSHร OJDB DPNP GVFOUF EF SFGFSFODJB 1VFEF TFS VOB CVFOB PQPSUVOJEBE QBSB JOEVDJSMPT B EFTDVCSJS MBT QVCMJDBDJPOFT DJFOUร GJDBT WJODVMBEBT B MB RVร NJDB PSHร OJDB DPNP MB DPOPDJEB SFWJTUB Organon. e) 1PS MP HFOFSBM MBT DFSBT QBSB QJTPT DPOUJFOFO VOB DFSB CBTF DPMPSBOUFT Z B WFDFT GSBHBODJBT

&M FTDVBMFOP FT VO TFTRVJUFSQFOP FM MJDPQFOP FT VO UFUSBUFSQFOP MB WJUBNJOB "1 FT VO EJUFSQFOP FM MJOBMPM FT VO NPOPUFSQFOP

13. a) "M USBUBSTF EF NPMร DVMBT BOGJQร UJDBT DPO VOB [POB QPMBS EFOPNJOBEB IJESPGร MJDB Z PUSB OP QPMBS EFOPNJOBEB IJESPGร CJDB JOUFSBDDJPOBO DPO MBT QBSUร DVMBT EF TVDJFEBE HSBTB DPO TV [POB OP QPMBS Z QFSNJUFO TV BSSBTUSF DPO FM BHVB EF MBWBEP 5PEBT MBT QBSUร DVMBT EF TVDJFEBE RVFEBO FO TVTQFOTJร O en forma de emulsiรณn. b) -PT KBCPOFT PSEJOBSJPT TVFMFO TFS VOB NF[DMB EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT MPT EFUFSHFOUFT FO DBNCJP TPO EF PSJHFO TJOUร UJDP Z FTUร O DPNQVFTUPT QPS VOB ร OJDB DMBTF EF NPMร DVMBT "EFNร T MPT EFUFSHFOUFT TVFMFO TFS BNJOBT DVBUFSOBSJBT NJFOUSBT RVF MPT KBCPOFT FTUร O DPNQVFTUPT QPS TBMFT EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT %FCJEP BM JOUFOTP NPWJNJFOUP Z BHJUBDJร O EF MB SPQB MPT MBWBSSPQBT BVUPNร UJDPT EFCFO VUJMJ[BS KBCร O DPO CBKB FTQVNB c) &O HFOFSBM VUJMJ[BO QSPEVDUPT OP BCSBTJWPT DPO HSBO QPEFS FNVMTJPOBOUF Z BHSFHBEPT RVF TVBWJ[BO MB QJFM EF MBT NBOPT d) -B EJGFSFODJB GVOEBNFOUBM FTUร FO MBT TVTUBODJBT BEJDJPOBMFT DPNP BHFOUFT TVBWJ[BOUFT Z GSBHBODJBT e) 6OB TVTUBODJB FT CJPEFHSBEBCMF DVBOEP QVFEF TFS EFHSBEBEB QPS PSHBOJTNPT WJWPT Z TVT DPOTUJUVZFOUFT QVFEFO QBSUJDJQBS FO FM DJDMP EF MB NBUFSJB -PT EFUFSHFOUFT TJOUร UJDPT FO HFOFSBM OP TPO CJPEFHSBEBCMFT MP RVF TJHOJGJDB RVF TPO BHFOUFT DPOUBNJOBOUFT ZB RVF OP QVFEFO FMJNJOBSTF EFM BNCJFOUF 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT JOWFTUJHVFO FO MPT NFEJPT Z FO *OUFSOFU DVร MFT TPO MBT GVFOUFT Nร T GSFDVFOUFT EF DPOUBNJOBDJร O EFM BHVB Z RVF SFGMFYJPOFO TPCSF MBT GPSNBT EF FWJUBS EJDIB DPOUBNJOBDJร O f) &TUSVDUVSB EFM EPEFDJMCFODFOTVMGPOBUP EF TPEJP O

O S

H3C

Oโ Na+

H3C

&TUSVDUVSB EFM MBVSJMTVMGBUP EF TPEJP

O O โ S โ Oโ Na+ O

15. a) 'BMTB FTUร DPOTUJUVJEB QSJODJQBMNFOUF QPS GPTGPMร QJEPT b) 'BMTB OP UPEPT TF FODVFOUSBO BTPDJBEPT B PUSBT CJPNPMร DVMBT c) Verdadera. d) Verdadera. e) 'BMTB FM JOUFSJPS EF MB CJDBQB FT BMUBNFOUF IJESPGร CJDP f) Verdadera. g) 'BMTB TPO GVOEBNFOUBMFT QBSB FM USBOTQPSUF EF Mร QJEPT QPS FM UPSSFOUF TBOHVร OFP RVF FT VO NFEJP BDVPTP h) Verdadera. i) 'BMTB TPO EF NVZ CBKB EFOTJEBE QPS TV HSBO DPOUFOJEP EF Mร QJEPT j) 'BMTB MBT )%- TPO MJQPQSPUFร OBT EF BMUB EFOTJEBE Z TPO SJDBT FO QSPUFร OBT

Los aminoรกcidos y las proteรญnas

Pรกgina 108 1. a) -B DSPNBUPHSBGร B FT VO Nร UPEP EF TFQBSBDJร O EF NPMร DVMBT FO FM RVF FTUBT JOUFSBDDJPOBO DPO VOB iGBTF FTUBDJPOBSJBw oHFOFSBMNFOUF VOB SFTJOB P NBUSJ[ Tร MJEBo Z TPO BSSBTUSBEBT QPS VOB iGBTF Nร WJMw oHFOFSBMNFOUF VO TPMWFOUFo %F BDVFSEP DPO MB BGJOJEBE RVF UFOHB DBEB NPMร DVMB DPO BNCBT GBTFT TF NVFWF Nร T P NFOPT Sร QJEP &TUB NPWJMJEBE TVFMF TFS EJGFSFOUF QBSB NPMร DVMBT EJTUJOUBT Z QPS FTP QVFEF TFS BQSPWFDIBEB QBSB TFQBSBSMBT b) &M TFHVOEP 1SFNJP /PCFM EF ' 4BOHFS GVF DPNQBSUJEP DPO 8BMUFS (JMCFSU Z TF EFCJร BM EFTBSSPMMP EF MB Uร DOJDB EF TFDVFODJBDJร O EF MPT OVDMFร UJEPT EF MPT ร DJEPT OVDMFJDPT

g) "MHVOPT BEJUJWPT GSFDVFOUFT TPO MBT GSBHBODJBT QSFTFOUFT FO DBTJ UPEPT MPT KBCPOFT MB HMJDFSJOB RVF MFT PUPSHB NBZPS TVBWJEBE P DPNQPOFOUFT FTQFDJBMFT DPNP TVTUBODJBT RVF EFHSBEBO HSBTBT Z NBODIBT

14. a) &O MPT WFSUFCSBEPT MBT DFSBT TJSWFO QBSB QSPUFHFS MB QJFM P FM QFMP NBOUFOJร OEPMPT GMFYJCMFT F JNQFSNFBCMFT &O MBT BWFT FO QBSUJDVMBS MBT BDVร UJDBT MB DFSB EF MBT QMVNBT BZVEB B SFQFMFS FM BHVB &O DJFSUBT QMBOUBT MB DFSB EF MBT IPKBT JNQJEF MB FYDFTJWB FWBQPSBDJร O EFM BHVB Z MBT QSPUFHF EF MPT QBSร TJUPT

2. -PT FMFNFOUPT DPOTUJUVZFOUFT EF UPEBT MBT QSPUFร OBT TPO MPT aminoรกcidos.

Pรกgina 109 3. -BT SFBDDJPOFT EF NPEJGJDBDJร O EF BNJOPร DJEPT TPO MB IJESPYJMBDJร O IJESPYJQSPMJOB F IJESPYJMJTJOB MB NFUJMBDJร O O NFUJM MJTJOB NFUJM BSHJOJOB MB GPTGPSJMBDJร O Z MB HMJDPTJMBDJร O

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 111 4. 4PO MPT BNJOPร DJEPT GFOJMBMBOJOB 1IF Z HMJDJOB (MZ

Pรกgina 120 9. 6OB EF FTUBT FOGFSNFEBEFT FT MB BNJMPJEPTJT FO MB RVF VOB QSPUFร OB TF EFQPTJUB FO FM UFKJEP FO GPSNB EF VOB TVTUBODJB EJGVTB oEFOPNJOBEB iBNJMPJEFwo Z QSPEVDF VO EBร P BM ร SHBOP &M BNJMPJEF QVFEF EFQPTJUBSTF FO MBT FODร BT MB QJFM MPT SJร POFT FM Iร HBEP FM JOUFTUJOP Z IBTUB MPT OFSWJPT

5. a) Z b) -BT JONVOPHMPCVMJOBT TPO TJOUFUJ[BEBT QPS MPT MJOGPDJUPT # BMPKBEPT FO MPT ร SHBOPT MJOGร UJDPT TFDVOEBSJPT Z UJFOFO DPNP GVODJร O MB EFGFOTB GSFOUF B OPYBT FYUSBร BT -B BMCร NJOB FT TJOUFUJ[BEB QPS FM Iร HBEP Z UJFOF DPNP GVODJร O MB SFHVMBDJร O EF MB DPODFOUSBDJร O EF TPMVUPT FO MB TBOHSF BTร DPNP EFM WPMVNFO EF Mร RVJEP " TV WF[ MB BMCร NJOB BDUร B DPNP USBOTQPSUBEPS EF EJWFSTBT TVTUBODJBT FO MB DJSDVMBDJร O

Pรกgina 121 10. a) &TUร MPDBMJ[BEB FO MBT QSPGVOEJEBEFT EF MPT Mร CVMPT UFNQPrales, una por cada hemisferio. b) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT EJTDVUBO MBT JNQMJDBODJBT EF QFSEFS MB NFNPSJB FO Uร SNJOPT EF MB NFNPSJB iQFSTPOBMw Z MB EF MB TPDJFEBE " TV WF[ TF FTQFSB RVF WJODVMFO FTUBT SFGMFYJPOFT DPO FM PCKFUJWP RVF TF IBO QSPQVFTUP MPT DJFOUร GJDPT NFODJPOBEPT FO FM UFYUP

Pรกgina 112 6. Hemocianina DPCSF hemeritrina IJFSSP vanadinina WBOBEJP cluorocruonina IJFSSP

Pรกgina 116 7. -B EJGFSFODJB GVOEBNFOUBM FT RVF MB JOTVMJOB FT VOB QSPUFร OB DPOGPSNBEB QPS EPT QPMJQร QUJEPT VOP EF BNJOPร DJEPT Z PUSP EF -B UJSPYJOB FO DBNCJP FT VO BNJOPร DJEP NPEJGJDBEP

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 119 8. a) 4ร QVFEF JOGPSNBSTF RVF FT TPMVCMF QPSRVF BM NF[DMBSMB TF PCUJFOF VOB TPMVDJร O IPNPHร OFB -PT DBNCJPT NFODJPOBEPT BGFDUBO MB DPOGPSNBDJร O EF MBT QSPUFร OBT Z QPS MP UBOUP TV TPMVCJMJEBE b) 4F FTQFSB PCTFSWBS EFTOBUVSBMJ[BDJร O EF MB DMBSB EF IVFWP DPO DBMPS DPO BMDPIPM DPO ร DJEP DMPSIร ESJDP Z DPO IJESร YJEP EF TPEJP %JBSJBNFOUF QPEFNPT PCTFSWBS MB EFTOBUVSBMJ[BDJร O QPS DBMPS BM GSFร S P IFSWJS MB DMBSB EF IVFWP c) -B SFBDDJร O DPO IJESร YJEP EF TPEJP Z TVMGBUP EF DPCSF TF DPOPDF DPNP SFBDDJร O EF #JVSFU Z EB VOB DPMPSBDJร O WJPMFUB FO QSFTFODJB EF QSPUFร OBT &O QSFTFODJB EF ร DJEP Oร USJDP MBT QSPUFร OBT EBO VO QSFDJQJUBEP EF DPMPS CMBODP 1SPCBCMFNFOUF VUJMJ[BOEP DMBSB EF IVFWP TJO EJMVJS TF PCUFOESร BO SFTVMUBEPT Nร T JOUFOTPT MB DMBSB EF IVFWP DPDJEP QPTJCMFNFOUF OP SFBDDJPOF JHVBM ZB RVF MBT NPMร DVMBT EFTOBUVSBMJ[BEBT QJFSEFO MB GMVJEF[ RVF QFSNJUF MB SFBDDJร O DPO MPT SFBDUJWPT mencionados. d) 4ร FT QPTJCMF RVF DBNCJF MB WFMPDJEBE DPO MB RVF PDVSSF MB SFBDDJร O P MB JOUFOTJEBE EFM DPMPS 1FSP FO FTFODJB MPT SFTVMUBEPT EFCFSร BO TFS TJNJMBSFT e) /P FT FTQFSBCMF RVF MPT SFTVMUBEPT TFBO TJNJMBSFT TJ TF FNQMFBO Mร QJEPT P IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP f) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT JOWFTUJHVFO TPCSF MPT Nร UPEPT VUJMJ[BEPT FO CSPNBUPMPHร B QBSB EFUFDUBS MPT QSJODJQBMFT DPNQPOFOUFT EF MPT BMJNFOUPT &OUSF FMMBT MB WBMPSBDJร O EF DFOJ[BT QBSB DVBOUJGJDBS NJOFSBMFT P MB EFUFSNJOBDJร O EF ,MFKEIBM QBSB EFUFDUBS QSPUFร OBT g) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDPOP[DBO MPT Sร UVMPT EF MPT BMJNFOUPT DPNP QSJNFSB GVFOUF EF JOGPSNBDJร O -VFHP QVFEF CVTDBSTF JOGPSNBDJร O FO MBT UBCMBT EF DPNQPTJDJร O EF BMJNFOUPT BVORVF TF USBUB EF CJCMJPHSBGร B OP UBO BDDFTJCMF Z Nร T Uร DOJDB

Pรกginas 122 y 123 11. a) -B QSPMJOB 1SP b) -B HMJDJOB (MZ 12. I

(

ร

(

13. a) )FNPHMPCJOB b) 2VFSBUJOB c) 1SPUFBTB d) .JPTJOB e) 'JCSPร OB f) 6SFBTB 14. a )BZ PDIP QPTJCJMJEBEFT 7BM 7BM 7BM 7BM 7BM -ZT 7BM -ZT 7BM -ZT 7BM 7BM 7BM -ZT -ZT -ZT 7BM -ZT -ZT -ZT 7BM -ZT -ZT -ZT b) -B FDVBDJร O FT (MZ "MB (MZ "MB )20 c) -B EJGFSFODJB SBEJDB FO DVร M FT FM FYUSFNP BNJOP Z DVร M FM DBSCPYJMP FO DBEB VOP EF FTPT EJQร QUJEPT d) 1VFEFO GPSNBSTF UBOUPT Qร QUJEPT DPNP MB FYQSFTJร O LO EPOEF L FT FM Oร NFSP EF BNJOPร DJEPT EJTQPOJCMFT Z O FT MB MPOHJUVE EFM Qร QUJEP

15.

(SVQP QSPTUร UJDP

"QPFO[JNB

" # $

Haloenzima

$PGBDUPS

# Z $

RVF MF DPOGJFSFO NBZPS BGJOJEBE QPS FM PYร HFOP "Tร DVBOEP MB TBOHSF NBUFSOB BMDBO[B MB [POB EF JOUFSDBNCJP CJPRVร NJDP EFMJNJUBEB QPS MB QMBDFOUB DFEF TV PYร HFOP B MB IFNPHMPCJOB EF MB TBOHSF GFUBM

20. &O MBT QSPUFร OBT GJCSPTBT MB NBZPSร B EF MPT BNJOPร DJEPT TPO IJESP Gร CJDPT &O MBT HMPCVMBSFT FO DBNCJP MPT BNJOPร DJEPT DPOTUJUV ZFOUFT TPO NVDIP Nร T WBSJBEPT &O BNCPT DBTPT MB DPNQPTJDJร O BNJOPBDร EJDB SFTVMUB DSVDJBM QBSB TVT QSPQJFEBEFT CJPRVร NJDBT

21. a) -PT BNJOPร DJEPT NPEJGJDBEPT UJFOFO GVODJPOFT EF TFร BMJ[B b) &O UPEPT MPT DBTPT FTUBT SFBDDJPOFT FTUร O NFEJBEBT QPS FO [JNBT FTQFDร GJDBT RVF TF FODBSHBO EF BHSFHBS P RVJUBS HSV QPT RVร NJDPT B MPT BNJOPร DJEPT DPOWFODJPOBMFT

Enlace peptรญdico

7 b) &M BTQBSUBNP FT FM ร OJDP -PT EFNร T FTUร O EFSJWBEPT EF PUSBT NPMร DVMBT P EJSFDUBNFOUF TPO EF Tร OUFTJT

17. a) -PT BNJOPร DJEPT JOWPMVDSBEPT TPO MB UJSPTJOB Z MB GFOJMBMBOJOB b) -B FOGFSNFEBE TF EFCF B VOB DBSFODJB HFOร UJDB EF MB FO[J NB GFOJMBMBOJOB IJESPYJMBTB &TUB FO[JNB FT MB SFTQPOTBCMF EF NFUBCPMJ[BS FM BNJOPร DJEP GFOJMBMBOJOB DPOWJSUJร OEPMP FO UJSPTJOB c) -PT GFOJMDFUPOร SJDPT EFCFO TFHVJS VOB FTUSJDUB EJFUB MJCSF EF GFOJMBMBOJOB &TUF BNJOPร DJEP TF FODVFOUSB QSFTFOUF FO OV NFSPTPT BMJNFOUPT DPNP MB MFDIF Z MPT IVFWPT 5BNCJร O FTUร QSFTFOUF FO MB FTUSVDUVSB EF DJFSUPT FEVMDPSBOUFT DPNP FM BTQBSUBNP

18. a) Z b) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT EJTDVUBO TPCSF MBT JNQMJDBODJBT EFM VTP EF PSHBOJTNPT USBOTHร OJDPT Z EF MB JOHFOJFSร B HFOร UJDB 4F SFDPNJFOEB FM EFCBUF BSNBOEP HSVQPT RVF EFGJFOEBO QPTUV SBT BOUBHร OJDBT DPNP QBSB FKFSDJUBS MB EJTDVTJร O GVOEBNFOUBEB

19. a) -B IFNBUPTJT FT FM QSPDFTP CJPRVร NJDP RVF PDVSSF FOUSF FM BMWร PMP Z MPT DBQJMBSFT TBOHVร OFPT 4F USBUB EF VO QSPDFTP EF JOUFSDBNCJP HBTFPTP FO FM DVBM FM PYร HFOP EJGVOEF EFTEF EPOEF FTUร FO NBZPS DPODFOUSBDJร O oMPT BMWร PMPTo IBTUB EPO EF FTUร NFOPT DPODFOUSBEP oFM JOUFSJPS EF MPT DBQJMBSFTo b) $VBOEP MB IFNPHMPCJOB BMDBO[B MPT UFKJEPT QPS NFEJP EFM TJT UFNB DJSDVMBUPSJP PDVSSF PUSP JOUFSDBNCJP HBTFPTP FM PYร HFOP QBTB EFTEF EPOEF TF FODVFOUSB Nร T DPODFOUSBEP oMB IFNP HMPCJOB EF MB TBOHSF PYJHFOBEBo IBDJB EPOEF FTUร FO NFOPS DPODFOUSBDJร O oMPT UFKJEPTo $PO FM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP QPS PUSP MBEP TVDFEF VO GFOร NFOP TJNJMBS QFSP FO FM TFOUJEP DPO USBSJP QBTB EFTEF MPT UFKJEPT oNBZPS DPODFOUSBDJร Oo IBDJB MB TBOHSF oNFOPS DPODFOUSBDJร Oo c) -B IFNPHMPCJOB GFUBM UJFOF DJFSUBT EJGFSFODJBT FTUSVDUVSBMFT

El metabolismo celular

Pรกgina 124 1. -PT ร DJEPT USJDBSCPYร MJDPT UJFOFO MB QBSUJDVMBSJEBE EF QPTFFS USFT HSVQPT DBSCPYร MJDPT

2. a) $VBOEP VO QSPDFTP PDVSSF FO VOB Wร B UJFOF VO DPNJFO[P TVTUSBUPT Z VO GJOBM QSPEVDUPT $VBOEP TF USBUB EF VO DJDMP FT VO QSPDFTP RVF UFSNJOB BIร EPOEF IB DPNFO[BEP FT EF DJS QBSUF EF MPT TVTUSBUPT TF SFHFOFSB b) &O MBT Dร MVMBT WFHFUBMFT UJFOF MVHBS FM DJDMP EF $BMWJO RVF UJFOF DPNP GJOBMJEBE MB Tร OUFTJT EF IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP B QBSUJS EF MB FOFSHร B RVร NJDB GJKBEB QPS MPT DMPSPQMBTUPT EV SBOUF MB QSJNFSB GBTF EF MB GPUPTร OUFTJT

Pรกgina 125 3. a) .JMFT EF SFBDDJPOFT UJFOFO MVHBS EFOUSP EF OVFTUSP PSHBOJT NP -P JNQPSUBOUF EF FTUB QSFHVOUB FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT DP NJFODFO B FYQMPSBS TV QSPQJP PSHBOJTNP DPNP VO FOPSNF CJPSSFBDUPS &OUSF FTUBT SFBDDJPOFT MBT Nร T Gร DJMNFOUF JEFO UJGJDBCMFT TPO MBT SFBDDJPOFT EF EFHSBEBDJร O EF MPT BMJNFO UPT P MBT EF Tร OUFTJT EF NBTB NVTDVMBS b) 6OB SFBDDJร O EF EFHSBEBDJร O RVF PDVSSF GVFSB EF OVFTUSP PSHBOJTNP QVFEF TFS MB EFTDPNQPTJDJร O EF NBUFSJB PSHร OJ DB RVF UJFOF MVHBS DVBOEP BMHร O BMJNFOUP TF QVESF

Pรกgina 127 4. -BT SFBDDJPOFT FO BVTFODJB EF PYร HFOP oSFBDDJPOFT BOBFSร CJDBTo PDVSSFO FO FTQBDJPT RVF OP UJFOFO DPOUBDUP DPO FM BJSF DPNP FOWBTFT TFMMBEPT BM WBDร P QPS FKFNQMP MB GFSNFOUBDJร O RVF PDV SSF FO MPT FOWBTFT EF CFCJEBT BMDPIร MJDBT WJOPT Z DFSWF[BT

Pรกgina 129 5. -PT PSHBOJTNPT BVUร USPGPT BQSPWFDIBO MB FOFSHร B EF MBT SBEJB DJPOFT TPMBSFT QBSB PCUFOFS FOFSHร B RVร NJDB FTB FOFSHร B RVร NJ DB FT VUJMJ[BEB QBSB TJOUFUJ[BS NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF GVODJPOB

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

16. a)

DJร O JOUFSNFEJBSJPT NFUBCร MJDPT Z IBTUB IPSNPOBT

$PFO[JNB

DPNP SFTFSWB FOFSHร UJDB IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP $VBOEP MPT BVUร USPGPT OFDFTJUBO FOFSHร B MB PCUJFOFO EFHSBEBOEP MPT IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP RVF IBO BDVNVMBEP DPNP SFTFSWB 1PS FTUF NPUJWP TF EJDF RVF MPT BVUร USPGPT QSPEVDFO TV QSPQJP BMJNFOUP &O DBNCJP DVBOEP OFDFTJUBO FOFSHร B MPT PSHBOJTNPT IFUFSร USPGPT EFCFO JODPSQPSBS MB NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB EFTEF FM BNCJFOUF RVF MPT SPEFB Z SFDJร O MVFHP DPNFO[BS B EFHSBEBSMB

Pรกgina 130 6. &O FM DJDMP EF ,SFCT JOUFSWJFOFO WBSJBT DMBTFT EF NPMร DVMBT MPT ร DJEPT DBSCPYร MJDPT RVF TPO NPMร DVMBT PSHร OJDBT QFRVFร BT NPMร DVMBT JOPSHร OJDBT DPNP FM $02 FM Gร TGPSP JOPSHร OJDP 1J Z FM H20 OVDMFร UJEPT DPNP FM "51 "%1 (51 Z (%1 OVDMFร UJEPT NPEJGJDBEPT DPNP MB DPFO[JNB " FM '"% '"%) /"% Z /"%) "EFNร T EF iDJDMP EF ,SFCTw FTUF DJDMP UBNCJร O TF EFOPNJOB iDJDMP EF MPT ร DJEPT USJDBSCPYร MJDPTw QPSRVF VOB CVFOB DBOUJEBE EF MBT NPMร DVMBT RVF QBSUJDJQBO FO ร M QFSUFOFDF B FTUB DBUFHPSร B

Pรกgina 131 7. a) -BT GPSNBT EF FOFSHร B Nร T DPNVOFT TPO MB FOFSHร B RVร NJDB MB FOFSHร B NFDร OJDB DJOร UJDB QPUFODJBM MB FOFSHร B FMร DUSJDB Z MB FOFSHร B MVNร OJDB b) %F VOB V PUSB NBOFSB UPEBT FMMBT UJFOFO BMHP RVF WFS DPO FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP DFMVMBS &O QBSUJDVMBS MB FOFSHร B MVNร OJDB FT MB SFTQPOTBCMF EFM BQPSUF EF FOFSHร B B OVFTUSPT FDPTJTUFNBT HSBDJBT BM NFUBCPMJTNP EF MPT PSHBOJTNPT QSPEVDUPSFT

Pรกgina 136 8. &M ,XBTIJSPLPS FT VO Tร OESPNF EF EFTOVUSJDJร O RVF TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS MB EFTUSVDDJร O QSPHSFTJWB EF MB NBTB NVTDVMBS Z TF PCTFSWB Sร QJEBNFOUF QPS MB QSFTFODJB EF VO BCEPNFO NVZ BCVMUBEP QPS MB SFUFODJร O EF Mร RVJEPT FO MB DBWJEBE QFSJUPOFBM &T GSFDVFOUF FO QBร TFT DPO BMUPT ร OEJDFT EF EFTOVUSJDJร O DPNP MPT EFM DPOUJOFOUF BGSJDBOP

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 137 9. a) -B Wร B NFUBCร MJDB FT MB GFSNFOUBDJร O QSPEVDJEB QPS MBT MFWBduras. b) &O NFEJP BMDBMJOP MPT B[ร DBSFT SFEVDUPSFT TPO DBQBDFT EF SFEVDJS FM ร DJEP Qร DSJDP Z QSPEVDJS VO DBNCJP EF DPMPSBDJร O FO MB TPMVDJร O &O FTUF DBTP FTUPT SFBDUJWPT TF FNQMFBO QBSB EFUFDUBS MB QSFTFODJB EF HMVDPTB c) &M GMVPSVSP EF TPEJP FT VO JOIJCJEPS EF MB Wร B EF GFSNFOUBDJร O d) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT DPOTUSVZBO VOB IJQร UFTJT RVF DPODVFSEF DPO MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCTFSWBEPT 6OB IJQร UFTJT QPTJCMF FT RVF MB TPMVDJร O EF HMVDPTB DPOTUJUVZF VOB GVFOUF EF OVUSJFOUFT QBSB MBT MFWBEVSBT RVF QPS NFEJP EF VO QSPDFTP EF GFSNFOUBDJร O MB EFHSBEBO -B SFBDDJร O DPO ร DJEP Qร DSJDP Z /B0) QFSNJUF EFUFDUBS FTUB EFHSBEBDJร O &M /B' FT VO JOIJCJEPS EF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O QPS MP RVF FO TV QSFTFODJB MB HMVDPTB OP TF EFHSBEB 4JO FNCBSHP FTUPT SFTVMUBEPT EFKBO MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF RVF TF USBUF EF VO QSPDFTP EF SFTQJSBDJร O EFQFOEJFOUF EF PYร HFOP QBSB RVF MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT TFBO DPODMVZFOUFT QVFEF JOWJUBSTF B MPT BMVNOPT B EJTFร BS VOB OVFWB

FYQFSJFODJB FO MB RVF QPS FKFNQMP MPT SFDJQJFOUFT TF MMFOFO EF Mร RVJEP MP Nร T QPTJCMF Z TF UBQFO IFSNร UJDBNFOUF

Pรกgina 138 10. -B QSVFCB TF MMBNB '&* QPSRVF GVF JOTUBVSBEB QPS MB 'VOEBDJร O EF &OEPDSJOPMPHร B *OGBOUJM &O FTUB QSVFCB TF CVTDBO JOEJDJPT EF IJQPUJSPJEJTNP DPOHร OJUP GFOJMDFUPOVSJB GJCSPTJT RVร TUJDB IJQFSQMBTJB TVQSBSSFOBM DPOHร OJUB HBMBDUPTFNJB Z Eร GJDJU EF CJPUJOJEBTB

Pรกgina 139 11. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT EJTDVUBO TPCSF MBT JNQMJDBODJBT EF FTUB GPSNB EF FOFSHร B QBSB MB WJEB EJBSJB

Pรกginas 140 y 141 12. a) -BT Wร BT DBUBCร MJDBT TPO FYFSHร OJDBT QPSRVF FO FMMBT TF MJCFSB MB FOFSHร B DPOUFOJEB FO MPT FOMBDFT RVร NJDPT RVF TF SPNQFO 1PS FM DPOUSBSJP FO MBT Wร BT BOBCร MJDBT TF GPSNBO OVFWPT FOMBDFT MP RVF JNQMJDB RVF FT OFDFTBSJP FM BQPSUF EF FOFSHร B Z por eso son endergรณnicas. b) -BT FUBQBT TPO HMVDร MJTJT DJDMP EF ,SFCT DBEFOB SFTQJSBUPSJB Z GPTGPSJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB 1VFEF DPOTJEFSBSTF VOB RVJOUB FUBQB MVFHP EF MB HMVDร MJTJT RVF FT MB EFDBSCPYJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB EVSBOUF MB DVBM TF BDFUJMB VOB NPMร DVMB EF DPFO[JNB " c) 1PSRVF MB JSSJHBDJร O TBOHVร OFB OP BMDBO[B B BCBTUFDFS B MPT Nร TDVMPT EFM PYร HFOP TVGJDJFOUF DPNP QBSB SFBMJ[BS MB SFTQJSBDJร O DFMVMBS DPNQMFUB Z FO DPOTFDVFODJB FM UFKJEP NVTDVMBS DPNJFO[B B PCUFOFS FOFSHร B QPS VO NFDBOJTNP BMUFSOBUJWP RVF FT MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB

13. $VBOEP TF MJCFSB FOFSHร B FO VO QSPDFTP DBUBCร MJDP FTUB OP QVFEF iQFSEFSTFw TJOP RVF EFCF BQSPWFDIBSTF MB GPSNB FO RVF MBT Dร MVMBT QVFEFO BQSPWFDIBS MB FOFSHร B MJCFSBEB FT JODPSQPSร OEPMB FO GPSNB EF VO FOMBDF RVร NJDP FO VOB SFBDDJร O FOEFSHร OJDB BOBCร MJDB &O FTUF TFOUJEP EFDJNPT RVF BNCBT SFBDDJPOFT MB DBUBCร MJDB Z MB BOBCร MJDB IBO RVFEBEP iBDPQMBEBTw

14. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT FMBCPSFO VOB SFE DPODFQUVBM Z RVF BQSPWFDIFO MB BDUJWJEBE QBSB WJODVMBS FOUSF Tร MPT EJTUJOUPT DPODFQUPT BQSFOEJEPT

15. a) $BUBCร MJDP b) "OBCร MJDP c) $BUBCร MJDP d) $BUBCร MJDP 16. a) &M PYร HFOP GVODJPOB DPNP BDFQUPS EF FMFDUSPOFT FO FM QSPDFTP FGFDUVBEP QPS MPT PSHBOJTNPT iSFTQJSBEPSFTw

b) &O SFBMJEBE MPT FMFNFOUPT GVFSB EFM QMBOFUB Z TV iNFUBCPMJTNP HMPCBMw JNQMJDBO MB FYJTUFODJB EF PUSPT iNFUBCPMJTNPT HMPCBMFTw MPDBMJ[BEPT FO PUSPT QMBOFUBT c) 1VFEF QFOTBSTF RVF GVODJPOBSร BNPT DPNP Dร MVMBT

17. a) -PT QJHNFOUPT VUJMJ[BEPT QPS MBT DJBOPCBDUFSJBT TPO MBT GJDPCJMJOBT

b) -BT CBDUFSJBT DPNVOFT OP SFBMJ[BO GPUPTร OUFTJT 18.

Proteรญnas 1

Aminoรกcidos

Lรญpidos

Polisacรกridos 3

Monosacรกridos 8

ร DJEP SJOEF O NPMร DVMBT EF "DFUJM $P" RVF SJOEFO VO UPUBM EF NPMร DVMBT EF "51 &TUBT NPMร DVMBT EF "51 EBO LDBM QPS NPM EF ร DJEP $POTJEFSBOEP MB NBTB NPMFDVMBS EFM ร DJEP QBMNร UJDP HSBDJBT B MB ` PYJEBDJร O TF PCUJFOFO NPM EF ร DJEP QBMNร UJDP H LDBM LDBM LDBM H EF ร DJEP QBMNร UJDP H c) &M SFOEJNJFOUP FT EF LDBM H RVF SFQSFTFOUB VO EF MBT LDBM H iUFร SJDBTw &M SFTUBOUF FT FOFSHร B RVF TF QJFSde como calor.

ร cidos grasos

ร cido pirรบvico 7

11 Acetil-CoA

8 Oxalacetato

Citrato

Pรกgina 142 1. 3FTVMUB UBO JNQPSUBOUF QPSRVF MPT BMJNFOUPT QBSB MPT PSHBOJTNPT IFUFSร USPGPT TPO MB GVFOUF EF FOFSHร B RVร NJDB RVF OFDFTJUBO -B FOFSHร B B MB RVF TF SFGFSร B "UXBUFS FSB FOFSHร B RVร NJDB

12 ฮฑ-Cetoglutarato

Succinato

Los alimentos y la energรญa

2. &TBT UBCMBT TPO MBT RVF TFร BMBO DVร OUBT DBMPSร BT DPOUJFOF DBEB BMJNFOUP &O HFOFSBM TF VUJMJ[BO QBSB DPOUSPMBS Z EJTFร BS EJFUBT QBSB SFHร NFOFT FTQFDJBMFT DPNP BRVFMMBT RVF TF VUJMJ[BO QBSB DPOUSPMBS FM QFTP

H+, eโ

H2O

1. #JPTร OUFTJT EF QSPUFร OBT 2. #JPEFHSBEBDJร O EF QSPUFร OBT 3. (MVDPHFOร MJTJT 4. (MVDPHFOPHร OFTJT 5. -JQร MJTJT 6. -JQPHร OFTJT 7. 5SBOTBNJOBDJร O 8. (MVDร MJTJT 9. (MVDPOFPHร OFTJT 10. ` PYJEBDJร O 11. %FDBSCPYJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB 12. $JDMP EF ,SFCT 13. $BEFOB SFTQJSBUPSJB 19. &O OVUSJDJร O TF EJDF RVF VOB NPMร DVMB FT FTFODJBM DVBOEP OVFTUSP PSHBOJTNP OP FT DBQB[ EF TJOUFUJ[BSMB Z QPS MP UBOUP EFCFNPT JOHFSJSMB DPO MB EJFUB &O FTUF TFOUJEP MB HMVDPTB OP FT FTFODJBM ZB RVF QPEFNPT PCUFOFSMB B QBSUJS EF PUSBT NPMร DVMBT PSHร OJDBT BVORVF FM NFDBOJTNP OP TFB NVZ FGJDJFOUF

20. a) &M ร DJEP QBMNร UJDP QPTFF ร UPNPT EF DBSCPOP O 1PS MP UBOUP EF TV ` PYJEBDJร O TF PCUJFOFO O o u NPMร DVMBT EF "51 b) 4J QPS DBEB NPM EF ร DJEP QBMNร UJDP TF PCUJFOFO NPMFT EF "51 FTP TJHOJGJDB LDBM QPS NPM " TV WF[ DBEB NPM EF

Pรกgina 143 3. "M FODFOEFS MB SBEJP TF QSPEVDF VOB DPOWFSTJร O EF FOFSHร B FMร DUSJDB FO FOFSHร B TPOPSB $BNJOBS FT VO FKFNQMP EF DPOWFSTJร O EF FOFSHร B RVร NJDB FO FOFSHร B NFDร OJDB DJOร UJDB Z DBMPS

4. a) 4F QSPEVDF VOB DPOWFSTJร O EF FOFSHร B RVร NJDB oDPOUFOJEB FO MBT NPMร DVMBT EF HBTo FO FOFSHร B MVNร OJDB MB MV[ EF MB MMBNB Z DBMPS b) 4F QSPEVDF VOB DPOWFSTJร O EF FOFSHร B FMร DUSJDB FO FOFSHร B MVNร OJDB Z DBMPS

Pรกgina 145 5. 1SPUFร OBT LDBM u u LDBM u u LDBM

-ร QJEPT LDBM u u LDBM u u LDBM )JESBUPT EF DBSCPOP LDBM u u LDBM u u LDBM 5PUBM LDBM

Pรกgina 146 6. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDVSSBO B UFYUPT Nร EJDPT QPS FKFNQMP BMHร O MJCSP EF NFEJDJOB JOUFSOB 1BSB FMMP QVFEFO BDVEJS B VOB CJCMJPUFDB P B *OUFSOFU 5SFT EFGJDJFODJBT IBCJUVBMFT TPO MBT EF MBT WJUBNJOBT $ % Z #

Pรกgina 148 7. -B EFGJDJFODJB Nร T GSFDVFOUF FT MB EF IJFSSP RVF DPOEVDF B VOB QBUPMPHร B EFOPNJOBEB BOFNJB GFSSPQร OJDB

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

13 2 eโ + 2 H+

Página 149 8. -BT EPTJT SFDPNFOEBEBT TPO WJUBNJOB $ NH EJBSJPT WJUBNJ-

e) II. f) II.

OB & NH NVKFSFT B NH IPNCSFT EF _ UPDPGFSPM

17. Página 151 9. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT DBMDVMFO TVT SFRVFSJNJFOUPT TFHÞO MB GØSNVMB EBEB FO MB QÈH Z DPOTUBUFO RVF OP UPEBT MBT QFSTPOBT oBVORVF TFBO EF MB NJTNB FEBEo QPTFFO MPT NJTNPT SFRVFSJNJFOUPT FOFSHÏUJDPT

a) 5 "ø 3ø 5ø 3ø "

b) ø1 0ø 5ø &ø /ø $ø *ø "ø D 0 3ø c) ø$

e) ø( ø-

$ø 0ø 0 $ø 0ø -ø

f) 1 6ø -ø V

&ø 3ø *ø ;ø "ø %ø 0ø

g) ø' &ø /ø 0

-ø &ø 4ø

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ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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21. .H FT FM BHFOUF SFEVDUPS "H+ FT FM BHFOUF PYJEBOUF .H0 .H2+ F PYJEBDJร O "H+ + 1 e- "H0 reducciรณn

Pรกgina 191 22. "NCPT TPO QSPDFTPT RVF JOWPMVDSBO SFBDDJPOFT RVร NJDBT F JOUFSDBNCJP EF FMFDUSJDJEBE &O MBT QJMBT MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT RVร NJDBT RVF PDVSSFO FTQPOUร OFBNFOUF QSPEVDFO FMFDUSJDJEBE NJFOUSBT RVF FO MB FMFDUSร MJTJT MB SFBDDJร O RVร NJDB FT QSPWPDBEB QPS FM QBTP EF VOB DPSSJFOUF FMร DUSJDB

Pรกgina 197 34. -B NJOB FTUร VCJDBEB VOPT LN BM OPSUF EF MB DBQJUBM EF $IJMF 4BOUJBHP 4F FYUSBFO MPT NFUBMFT DPCSF Z PSP

35. -PT NJOFSPT TF FODPOUSBCBO FO VO SFGVHJP EF FNFSHFODJB DPO QPDP FTQBDJP B PTDVSBT Z DPO VOB UFNQFSBUVSB EF ย $ -PT QSJNFSPT Eร BT TPMP VO QFRVFร P BHVKFSP EF DN MPT DPOFDUBCB DPO MB TVQFSGJDJF N QPS BSSJCB EF FMMPT

36. "EFNร T EF BTFHVSBSMFT MB WFOUJMBDJร O TVGJDJFOUF BMJNFOUPT BHVB Z NFEJDJOBT TF EFCF UFOFS FO DVFOUB FM BTQFDUP QTJDPMร HJDP &O FTUF TFOUJEP FT DPOWFOJFOUF RVF NBOUFOHBO FM DPOUBDUP DPO FM FYUFSJPS FO GPSNB QFSNBOFOUF

23. .JFOUSBT RVF MB SFEVDDJร O RVร NJDB PDVSSF FO QSFTFODJB EF VO BHFOUF SFEVDUPS MB FMFDUSPMร UJDB TVDFEF NFEJBOUF FM QBTP EF MB DPSSJFOUF FMร DUSJDB

Pรกgina 192 24. 3FBDUJWP QSPEVDUP

Pรกginas 198 y 199 37. a) &T SFEPY b) "HFOUF PYJEBOUF 02 BHFOUF SFEVDUPS /J4

25. -B QVSF[B EF MPT SFBDUJWPT JOUFOUBS EFTQMB[BS FM FRVJMJCSJP IBDJB

38. $BUBNBSDB #FMร O -B "MVNCSFSB DPCSF Z PSP VTB DJBOVSP

MB GPSNBDJร O EF QSPEVDUPT Z FWJUBS oFO MP QPTJCMFo MBT SFBDDJPnes secundarias.

Pรกgina 193 26. -B NBTB EF DBSCร O OFDFTBSJB FT LH 27. 4F PCUJFOFO NPMFT EF WBOBEJP Pรกgina 195 28. &M IJFSSP QSFTFOUB VOB NBZPS UFOEFODJB B MB PYJEBDJร O ZB RVF TV QPUFODJBM EF SFEVDDJร O NFEJEB EF TV UFOEFODJB B SFEVDJSTF FT NFOPS RVF MB EF MB QMBUB $VBOEP TF QPOFO FO DPOUBDUP BNCPT NFUBMFT DPO TPMVDJPOFT EF JPOFT EF Tร NJTNPT MB QMBUB BDUVBSร DPNP BHFOUF PYJEBOUF ZB RVF UJFOF NBZPS UFOEFODJB B reducirse que el hierro.

29. -B NBTB EF QJFESB DBMJ[B OFDFTBSJB FT LH

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 196 30. -B NFNPSJB EF GPSNB FT MB DBQBDJEBE EF BMHVOBT BMFBDJPOFT NFUร MJDBT EF TFS EFGPSNBEBT Z SFDVQFSBS TV FTUBEP JOJDJBM DPO VO DBNCJP EF UFNQFSBUVSB EFUFSNJOBEP P DPO MB EFTBQBSJDJร O EF MB UFOTJร O FKFSDJEB TPCSF FMMBT

31. &T FM FGFDUP RVF QFSNJUF RVF FTUBT BMFBDJPOFT B VOB UFNQFSBUVSB FTUBCMFDJEB TF EFGPSNFO DPO MB BQMJDBDJร O EF VOB UFOTJร O EFUFSNJOBEB Z SFDVQFSFO TV GPSNB PSJHJOBSJB JOTUBOUร OFBNFOUF FO DVBOUP EFKB EF FKFSDFSTF FTB UFOTJร O

32. &M Oร RVFM FT Uร YJDP Z QVFEF SFTVMUBS DBODFSร HFOP

$BUBNBSDB "OUPGBHBTUB EF -B 4JFSSB 4BMBS EFM )PNCSF .VFSUP MJUJP VTB DJBOVSP 4BO +VBO 7FMBEFSP PSP Z QMBUB VTB DJBOVSP 4BOUB $SV[ $FSSP 7BOHVBSEJB PSP Z QMBUB VTB DJBOVSP

39. a) Escoria. b) .FOB c) (BOHB d) .JOB e) $BOUFSB f) "SSBCJP 40. a) 'MVPSJUB DBMDJUB Z ZFTP b) 1JSJUB Z NBHOFUJUB c) $BTJUFSJUB NBHOFUJUB Z DVQSJUB d) )BMJUB Z GMVPSJUB e) )BMJUB 41. a) .O0

.O2+ F PYJEBDJร O + 2 e- 1C0 reducciรณn b) "HFOUF PYJEBOUF 1C2+ BHFOUF SFEVDUPS .O0. 1C2+

42. a) 0CKFUPT GBCSJDBEPT DPO IJFSSP Z PUSPT NFUBMFT b) &T MB PYJEBDJร O EFM NFUBM FO QSFTFODJB EF IVNFEBE BNCJFOUF Z PYร HFOP HBTFPTP RVF TF SFEVDF

c) 4F GBCSJDB B QBSUJS EF BDFSP Nร T FM BHSFHBEP EF MPT NFUBMFT Oร RVFM /J Z DSPNP $S FO QSPQPSDJร O EFM QPS DJFOUP d) $POTJTUF FO QPOFS FO DPOUBDUP FM IJFSSP DPO BMHVOP EF MPT NFUBMFT RVF TF PYJEBO DPO NBZPS GBDJMJEBE RVF ร M QPS FKFNQMP FM DJOD FM Nร T VUJMJ[BEP QPS TV CBKP DPTUP RVF TF PYJEBSร BOUFT RVF FM IJFSSP

43. &M SFOEJNJFOUP EF MB SFBDDJØO FT QPS DJFOUP 44. 4F PCUJFOFO NPMFT ;O$M2. 45. Zn

Zn2 F ÈOPEP o

.O02 T /) + + 2 e- .O20 T /) + 2 H20 DÈUPEP

&M IJFSSP GPSNB QBSUF EF MB IFNPHMPCJOB FODBSHBEB EF USBOTQPSUBS FM PYÓHFOP FO MB TBOHSF FM TPEJP SFHVMB MB FYDSFDJØO EF PSJOB Z DPO FMMP FM WPMVNFO Z MB QSFTJPO TBOHVÓOFBT FUDÏUFSB b) 4PEJP QPUBTJP DMPSP IJFSSP DBMDJP B[VGSF NBHOFTJP Z GØTGPSP c) 4PO MPT FMFNFOUPT RVF TF FODVFOUSBO FO VOB QSPQPSDJØO JOGFSJPS BM EF MB NBTB DPSQPSBM IJFSSP NBOHBOFTP Z DPCSF

46. a) -PT NJOFSBMFT GPSNBO QBSUF EF NÞTDVMPT Z IVFTPT Z BEFNÈT BZVEBO B SFHVMBS EJGFSFOUFT DMBTFT EF FRVJMJCSJPT FO MBT DÏMVMBT

47. -BT QBMBCSBT TPO TJEFSVSHJB o IJFSSP o DBSHB

Notas

ÂŠ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Notas

ÂŠ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Notas