Digital Imaging using Photoshop 7.0 by Sarah Mason

Photoshop Training Manual

Digital Imaging Using AdobeÂŽ Photoshop 7.0

~ Presented by Sarah Mason ~

ÂŠ Sarah Mason

Photoshop Training Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Photoshop ................................................................... 4 1.1 ~ Start Photoshop .................................................................................................. 4 1.2 ~ Map of Photoshop ............................................................................................... 5 1.3 ~What is the toolbox?............................................................................................ 6 1.4 ~ What do the tools do? ........................................................................................ 7 1.5 ~ Summary.............................................................................................................. 8 1.6 ~ Selection tools ....................................................................................................12 1.7 ~ Feathering ...........................................................................................................14 1.8 ~ Lasso Tools .........................................................................................................15 1.9 ~ To use the Magnetic Lasso Tool: .....................................................................17 1.10 ~ Magic Wand Selection Tool ............................................................................18

Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter

2 ~ Transforming ........................................................................................ 20 3 ~ Cropping ................................................................................................ 30 4 ~ Cloning Stamp Tool ............................................................................ 36 5 ~ Resolution ............................................................................................. 39 6 ~ Type Tool............................................................................................... 43 7 ~ Burn, Dodge and Sponge Tools ..................................................... 49 8 ~ Gradients ............................................................................................... 55 9 ~ The Eraser Tool.................................................................................... 63 10 ~ Blur, Sharpen and Smudge Tools ................................................. 65

Photoshop Training Manual Introduction These notes are designed to provide reinforcement material for tutor led training sessions in Adobe Photoshop. These revision exercises assume that the necessary program has been fully and correctly installed on your computer. However, in Photoshop, some features are not installed initially and a prompt to insert the CD may appear when these features are accessed.

Aim The aim of the course is to introduce the experienced computer user to the image manipulation package Adobe Photoshop v7.0. The course covers using the basic image correction and enhancement tools. The course will discuss the basics such as eliminating red-eye, adjusting colour and contrast, adding text to images; removing unwanted detail from your photo. Composition and the creative interpretation of the image will be explored. The course will cover all tools in the toolbox and the various options that combine with those tools. Selection techniques, paintbrush tools, vector tools, filters, masks, blending modes, special effects. File types and resolution will be discussed and specialist photographic techniques such as dodge, burn, sponge, levels will be looked at. Once familiar with those tools, students will be able to explore the power behind this extensive application to create blended photographs, montages and professional images.

Objectives

After completing the exercises the user will have experience in the following areas: Know how to manipulate images using selection techniques Know how to isolate and change different parts of an image using layers Know how to resize and retouch a photograph Know how to change an image using special effects Know how to use masks Know how to save and store a photo-image

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Introduction to Photoshop 1.1 ~ Start Photoshop

Photoshop is an image manipulation program, which helps create impressive designs and effects with images.

Exercise: Click on the START button to show the list of Start options available. All Windows applications can be started from here. Move the mouse to Programs, then over Adobe Photoshop 7.0

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Photoshop Training Manual 1.2 ~ Map of Photoshop Adobe Photoshop is a powerful tool for editing photographs and graphics. The first step in learning Photoshop is to familiarise yourself with the Photoshop interface, which consists of five basic components: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Menu Bar — contains all of Photoshop’s available options Toolbox — has various tools for editing the image Options Bar — set the options for the currently selected tool Palettes — various panes to control different aspects of the project. Includes layers, channels, paths, history, etc. 5. Image Area — the currently open image(s) Each component is labelled below:

1 3 2 5 4

Photoshop Training Manual 1.3 ~What is the toolbox? The toolbox has various tools for editing an image. The toolbox is divided into several sections of similar tools:

Selection Tools

Enhancement Tools

Vector Tools

Navigation Tools Colour Tools

The toolbox is pictured to the left. It contains all of the various Photoshop tools. In addition to the visible tools, the tools with a small black arrow in the lower-right corner contain fly-out menus with other related tool choices. To select a tool to use: If the tool is visible on the toolbox, click it once to activate it. OR If the tool is hidden, point to the appropriate tool family icon and hold the mouse button down; the fly-out menu will appear. Click on the desired tool in the menu to activate it.

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Photoshop Training Manual 1.4 ~ What do the tools do? Below is a description of each of the major tool “families.”

Selection Tools The Selection Tools allow you to use various techniques to select specific sections of an image, rather than the entire graphic. These tools create “marching-ant” marquees around the selected areas and fade the unselected areas so users can determine exactly which area they have selected. Once selected, you can edit and manipulate a section of an image while leaving the rest untouched.

Enhancement Tools The Enhancement Tools allow you to clone portions of an image, blur or enhance backgrounds, fill an area with a selected colour, or further emphasize focal points.

Vector Tools

The Vector Tools allow users to create vector-based objects in Photoshop.

Navigation Tools By using the Navigation Tools, you can move to different sections of an image, or change magnification of the image. The Zoom Tool allows users to magnify and reduce areas of images. Click the Zoom Tool to zoom in (magnify); press the Alt key and click the Zoom Tool to zoom out. The Hand Tool allows users to slide the image around the Image Area in order to view different sections of the image.

Colour Tools The Colour Tools control the foreground and background colours. In this example, white is the current foreground colour and red is the background colour. When used in conjunction with the Colour Palette and the Swatches Palette, users can select from millions of different colours to use in their images. The Eyedropper Tool allows you to select a colour from an existing image.

Photoshop Training Manual 1.5 ~ Summary Introduction to the Photoshop program Guided Tour

Setting up preferences in Photoshop

Organise your workspace Basics Types of picture

Colours

Colour

Toolbox Line selection tools

Menu – noting the keyboard shortcuts Options bar – works in conjunction with the toolbox. Note the reset all tools option Toolbox – click and hold to get variety of same tool, note the tiny arrow Palettes – will get a docking well if set on a higher resolution. These can be moved and customised to get a personal composite of palettes  Status bar – shows the document size and the written description of what the tool does. Also shows keyboard extras to add further capabilities to the tool    

 Use EDIT PREFERENCES to set o History states – should show 10 as more than that uses up memory o Reset all tools o Display and cursors – change painting cursors to show brush size as more useful o Other Cursors – to read precise for accurate work. o Units & Rulers – choose cm or inches o Memory and image cache – increase to 4 to retain more information o RAM usage – increase to 90% but be careful that don’t use other programs at the same time.  Remove redundant palettes  Create a customised palette eg layers; channels; history  Bitmaps – if zoom in on image you can see the individual pixels or picture elements that makes up the image. Zoom in up to the maximum of 1600%. Each square is assigned its own colour with a value or number  Vectors – the type tool, shape tool and pen tool are all vector based tools which assign geometrical calculations to achieve the shape.  Channels – each pictures is made up of three monochromatic information like filters that only allow certain colours to show through. If you click on the channel palette and view one of the palettes you can see the white areas allow more of that colour to show through.  Colour palette – pull sliders to change the colour  Swatches – click on the paint box to select colour  Colour picker – 000 = black and 255 = white. Each tone assigned a value for each colour type. Web colours available  Rectangular marquee tool – click and drag to select a part of the image. Demonstrate using the paintbrush to show how only that part is active. Demonstrate using the brightness tool  Elliptical marquee tool

Photoshop Training Manual     

Painting tools

       

Vector Tools

    



Masks

Lasso tool – freehand selection tool. Can also add/subtract from selection is don’t quite select the correct part Polygonal lasso tool –c lick to anchor point and click at turn Magnetic lasso tool – follows solid block of colour Magic wand – works with colour. The tool looks at the colour that has been selected and then within the tolerance figure selects all adjacent pixels of that colour. Crop tool – outer area becomes darkened to show you that this is the area to lose. The handles appear which allow you to alter the selection. Enter to complete the move Slice tool – this is used for cutting up pictures for the Web. Airbrush – default sot 50% pressure, change size of brush; could also use a right click to pick up this option. If you pause and hold the mouse pointer down the paint will build up on the page Paintbrush – defaults to solid colour (or 100% opacity) but still with a soft edge or ANTI ALIASED. Pencil – solid edge with aliased edges (can see the pixel edge) History brush – return to this one Gradient tool – choices of how to fill in large areas working from foreground to background colour. The length of the line drawn defines the degree of transition. Paint Bucket tool – fills in large blocks of colour. Works with the tolerance tool Eraser tool – rubs out all areas. Different modes to select from either paintbrush, airbrush, pencil which have the same properties as the actual brushes above or can choose block which replace with background colour Background eraser tool – select a colour to erase that forms the background and then work around the clearly defined edge. Magic eraser tool – remove large chunks of one colour – similar to how the magic wand tool works. Clone stamp – this can used as aligned or non-aligned but defaults to aligned Type tool – this makes a mathematical calculation of the shape. Can resize, change colour, warp, change mode ie bold italic, tightness of edge Pen tool – the pen makes a mark on the screen which begins a workpath. Just click on the screen to make another mark on the screen and these marks are joined with an angular line. If you click and drag, this will give the curves option. By using a workpah, the user can reshape the selection to suit the photo. The path component tool allows user to reactivate the workpath. The add ANCHOR tool will let you add more marks to the page or remove. The vector shapes can be reshaped and reformed without damaging the curves. You can change a curved edge to a sharp edge by clickin the CONVERT POINT TOOL. You can have more than one component in a workpath. This tool can be used like a selection tool by clicking the CONVERT WORKPATH INTO SELECTION button found on the paths palette. Shapen tool – click and drag to draw the shape and it will be filled with the foreground colour. It can be activated like the pen tool to realign the shape.

 Quick Mask – we usually work in standard mode but it you make a selection on the page and then convert into QUICK MASK mode, the area outside of the selection will change to a pinky colour. You can only use the black and white colours while in

Photoshop Training Manual

Viewing the screen Image Ready

Other tools

 Palettes - these can displayed by using the Windows menu

mask mode – black will take away from the selection or add to the mask depending on how you look at it. The advantage of using masks is that you now have the capability of all the brush tool to select with ie soft edges, reduce pressure. Therefore it is easier to make a more controlled selection.  3 buttons underneath the toolbox to change the view of the screen.  This will take the picture into the sister Adobe program which makes images suitable for the Web.

 Blur – always use this tool at reduced pressure or it tends to overblur too soon  Sharpen tool – use sparingly to be effective. The tool looks at the pixels alongside the selected pixel and alters is properties accordingly either lighten or darken so the overall effect appears ‘sharper’.  Smudge – this drags the colour  Dodge – this will lighten an area  Burn – darkens an area  Sponge – use it either in saturate mode to intensify the colour or desaturate to take colour away  Navigator – this is a method of finding your way around the image when you can’t see it all on the screen. If you move the red rectangle to move to another area. You can also use this palette to magnify the image by either dragging on the slider or clicking on the mountains. When the image has been magnified to 100% this means that 1 pixel on the image is exactly the same size as 1 dot on the screen and this is the best quality that you will see the image. If you have selected below 100% as a part view, you will have a very poor quality.  Info – this palette will show you information about a certain section of the image. Click on the eye dropper tool and you can see in palette the figures which represent that particular pixel. This can be changed to take an average of a group of pixels instead of one individual pixel. You can also see the CMYK values which is the printer’s interpretation of the RGB colours. You can also see the xy which is the location of that particular pixel on the grid with co-ordinates. The WH will show the dimensions of a selection.  Colour and Swatches – this has already been discussed as a method of selecting colour but is inferior to the colour picker window which has more capabilities.  History – This palette records actions that have been taken. It will keep on recording moves taken for the number o history states that have been set in the preferences. You can always return to the original by clicking on the top picture. The history states are held in Ram and therefore will be forgotten when the picture is closed. If you wish to temporarily remember the change you can click on SNAPSHOT will which take a picture of the image at that particular time but again will disappear if closed. If you wish to take a permanent representation of the image at that time, click on ‘CREATE NEW DOCUMENT’ and

Photoshop Training Manual

Menus

Shortcuts

then you can save it with a new filename.  Actions – this palettes allows you to record actions which you can then save and apply to another image a little like a MACRO. To create your own click on NEW SET and give it a name. Then click on NEW ACTION which you can name and then record a series of actions. Click on the triangle to view all the steps taken. You have to create an ACTION within a SET.  Layer – discuss the eye light a light switch to turn on or turn off the viewing of a layer, create new layer, padlocked background layer so either copy the background or turn background into a layer. Discuss merging layers by using MERGE DOWN, MERGE VISISBLE, FLATTEN LAYERS, move layers, copy layers, change opacity, deleting layers  Channels – this was already discussed earlier  Styles – this is a method of applying a set of pre-defined colours to a vector either type or shape. This is known as a CLIPPING PATH.  Character – this is an area where you can set all the attributes of the type  Paragraph – this is an area where you can set all the attributes of the paragraph if you were to create lots of text  Contact sheets – file all the required photos into the same folder and then you can print out all on one page at the same size  Picture package – this will organise the same photo to be printed many times on the same page at different sizes  Paste into – this is a feature found in the EDIT menu that allows you to make a selection and then paste something from elsewhere into that selection.  Fill – a feature that allows you to make a selection and then fill that space with a colour or pattern.  Stroke – this forms a border around the edge of a selection at a specified size  Define brush – this allows you to turn part of a picture into a brush!  If you have the MOVE tool selected, hold the space bar down and the cursor will become a hand to allow you to move the image around.

Photoshop Training Manual 1.6 ~ Selection tools Procedure:

The selection tools allow you to select a portion or a subset of an image to work on. Most of Photoshopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s other tools and filters can then be applied to this selected area, altering its colour, shape, texture, position and/or other attributes, while leaving the rest of the image untouched. Photoshop contains three types of selection tools: the Marquee Tools, the Lasso Tools, and the Magic Wand. The marquee tools are used to select a specific regularly shaped area. The marquee tools include the Rectangular, Elliptical, Single Row and Single Column Marquees:

The lasso tools are used to select an irregular area. These tools include the Lasso Tool, the Polygonal Lasso Tool and the Magnetic Lasso Tool.

The Magic Wand is used to select areas of an image based upon colour; the Magic Wand does not have additional tools. All of the selection tools may be used individually or in conjunction with each other to select exact areas of images. The Options Bar allows you to choose to add to or subtract from a previous selection:

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Photoshop Training Manual

If you choose New Selection, any currently active selection will go away when you make your new selection. If instead you would like to add to the current selection, or subtract from it, make that choice in the Options Bar. You can even choose to select an area formed by the intersection of your selections

Exercise: Marquee Tools The marquee tools let you select rectangles, ellipses, and 1-pixel-wide rows and columns. To use the marquee tools: Select a marquee tool: Rectangular (for a rectangular selection), Elliptical (for an elliptically shaped selection), Single Row (for a one-pixel wide row) or Single Column (for a one-pixel wide column). Set the options you want in the Options Bar. Drag over the area you want to select. Hold down the Shift key if you want to constrain the selection to a square or a circle. Open the image called 302 circles Use the Elliptical marquee tool to select the green one. Use the arrows to adjust the selection left or right. Copy and paste this green ball. Select the green ball again and then select add to selection to select the other green ball in the bottom right hand corner. Use the rectangular marquee tool to select the whole picture and then use the subtract from selection tool to take away the green ball. Use the move tool to see how the machine has picked up on the selections. Select the green ball again but make it too small â&#x20AC;&#x201C; try the expand selection option. Select|Modify|Expand

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Photoshop Training Manual 1.7 ~ Feathering Procedure Feathering the selection softens the edge of the selection making a gradual fade out of the selected part in order that it could blend with the background. Feathering can be done before selecting by using the ‘Further Option’ section or after by using SELECT |FEATHER. You then have to specify the number of pixels to feather by.

Exercise Open the 304 face image Adjust the feathering (20 pixels) to soften the edge. Select the eye using the elliptical marquee tool. Enlarge this selection using the transform tool (CTRL + T) and press enter to complete. Try the same with the other eye. Aaagghhhh!

Photoshop Training Manual 1.8 ~ Lasso Tools Procedure The Lasso Tool and Polygonal Lasso Tool let you draw irregular selection borders (both straight-edged and freehand): If you want the selection to be completely or primarily freehand (with a minimum of straight edges) then use the Lasso Tool. If you want the selection to be completely or primarily straight edges (with a minimum of freehand edges) then use the Polygonal Lasso Tool. With the Magnetic Lasso Tool, you can draw the selection border, and it will automatically snap to a high-contrast edge in the graphic.

To use the Lasso Tool: Select the Lasso Tool from the Toolbox. Set any desired options in the Options Bar. To draw a freehand segment of the selection, simply drag the mouse. To draw a straight-edged segment of the selection, hold down the Alt key and click at the desired beginning and end points of the segment. To close the selection border, let go of the mouse button (without holding down the Alt key).

To use the Polygonal Lasso Tool: Select the Polygonal Lasso Tool from the Toolbox. Set any desired options in the Options Bar. To draw a straight-edged segment of the selection, click at the desired beginning and end points of the segment.

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Photoshop Training Manual To draw a freehand segment of the selection, hold down the Alt key and drag the mouse. To close the selection border, double-click the mouse button. Tip: Think of the Lasso Tool and the Polygonal Lasso Tool as opposites of each other. One (the Lasso Tool) usually does freehand selections, but can be forced to make straight lines by holding down the Alt key, while the other (the Polygonal Lasso Tool) does straight line selections, but can be forced to do freehand by holding down the Alt key.

Exercise Open 303 daffs image and 305 daisy Select one of the daffodil heads using the polygonal lasso tool and move into the daisy image. Open 404 castle image

Select the sky area using the polygonal lasso tool. Feather the selection and adjust the selection exactly over the castle area. Use the ADJUST HUE SATURATION option to make the sky a little more blue.

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Photoshop Training Manual 1.9 ~ To use the Magnetic Lasso Tool: Select the Magnetic Lasso Tool from the Toolbox. Set any desired options in the Options Bar. Click to set the first endpoint of the selection. To draw a freehand segment, move the mouse pointer along the edge you want to trace. (You don’t have to hold down the mouse button, although you can if you like.) As you move the pointer, the selection will automatically snap to the strongest edge in the area around the pointer, based on the Width set in the Options Bar. Periodically, intermediate points are added to the selection border. While tracing the edge, click to add a point if needed. If you want to switch to either the regular Lasso Tool or the Polygonal Lasso Tool, hold down the Alt key. At that point, dragging the mouse will let you draw freehand borders; clicking will let you draw straight line segments. Close the selection border by double-clicking the mouse.

Exercise Open 712 – pool. Use the magnetic selection tool to select the pool balls.

Photoshop Training Manual 1.10 ~ Magic Wand Selection Tool The Magic Wand Tool lets you select areas of an image based on similar shades of colour simply by clicking on the desired colour.

To use the Magic Wand Tool: Select the Magic Wand Tool from the Toolbox. Set the desired options in the Options Bar:

Choose whether to create a new selection, - add to an existing selection, - subtract from an existing selection, - intersect with the existing selection. Enter a value from 0 to 255 in the Tolerance box. A low number will let you select colours very similar to the pixel you click; a high number will let you select a broader range of colours. To select only adjacent areas using the same colours, select Contiguous. Otherwise, all pixels using the same colours will be selected. Check or un-check the Contiguous option. If Contiguous is not selected, all pixels that are the same colour as the selected pixel will be selected, wherever they occur in the image. Otherwise, only adjacent pixels of the same colour will be selected. Click the colour you want to select.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise Open 402 ~ orange Select the black area with the magic wand tool Choose SELECT|INVERSE to only select the orange.

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 2 ~ Transforming Transforming changes an object’s appearance by modifying one or more of its physical characteristics. The transform functions in Photoshop include scaling, rotating, skewing, changing perspective, distorting, and flipping. Photoshop allows users to transform entire images, individual layers and/or specific selections. The transforming options are located under the Edit menu in the Transform fly-out menu (shown below).

The following are descriptions and illustrations of each kind of transformation, beginning with an initial, un-transformed bounding box:

Scale — changes the size of the image:

Rotate — rotates the bounding box clockwise (positive angle) or counterclockwise (negative angle):

Photoshop Training Manual

Skew — makes the image look like it is leaning. The top or bottom of the bounding box shifts to the left or right, OR the left or right side of the bounding box shifts up or down. The corner angles of the bounding box change but the opposite sides remain parallel:

Changing perspective — makes one part of the image look closer or further away. The corner angles of the bounding box change; one pair of opposite sides stays parallel while the other does not:

Distort — makes the image look oddly twisted. The corner angles of the bounding box change, and no two sides are parallel:

Flipping — reverses an image. The image can be flipped either horizontally (reversing its left and right sides) or vertically (reversing its top and bottom):

Photoshop Training Manual

How do I transform a layer, image, or selection border? To apply a transformation: 1) Tell Photoshop what it is youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d like to transform: To apply a transformation to an image, select the image using the selection tools. To apply a transformation to the selection border, make the desired selection, then pull down the Select menu and choose Transform Selection. (This lets Photoshop know you want to transform the selection border itself, not the selected image.) 2) Pull down the Edit menu and choose the desired transformation from the Transform fly-out menu. A bounding box with handles will appear around your selection. 3) Drag the handles to make the desired change and view the results. The bounding box stays visible. 4) To apply additional transformations to the same selection, you can repeat steps 2 and 3. (For example, you could select Scale and drag a handle to scale the selection, and then select Distort and drag a handle to distort the selection.) 5) To accept the transformation(s), press the Enter or Return key, or click OK ( the Options Bar. Press the Esc key, or click Cancel ( the transformation.

) in

) in the Options Bar to cancel

Tip: You can also use the Options Bar to enter specific numbers for the desired rotation, skewing, etc. This can give you very accurate control of transformations, if needed.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ Copy And Paste, Transform In these exercises, we will use selection techniques, copy, cut and paste, and we will also see a little of what layers can do for us.

Open the exercise called FRUIT.jpg

Use the ZOOM tool to move in closer to the ivy leaf at the bottom of the image.

Select the ivy leaf on its own at the bottom of the image using the POLYGONAL lasso tool. The ‘marching ants’ are now running around the image.

From the EDIT menu, select COPY and then EDIT, PASTE. A duplicate image appears on top of the previous. Use the MOVE tool to move the copy into place to fill up the ivy branch.

Photoshop Training Manual Use the CTRL + T option to ‘transform’ or resize the ivy. Once resized, press ENTER Use the ROTATE option to twist the ivy around to face the other direction.

Photoshop Training Manual Exercise - Alter the perspective Open the image called 405 perspective Sometimes taking a picture while looking up at it causes the edges of the building to lean inwards. First of all display the grid by going to VIEW, SHOW, GRID

Increase the size of the canvas to allow room for the change. Choose IMAGE, CANVAS SIZE and adjust the width of the canvas.

Select the whole image using the RECTANGULAR MARQUEE TOOL

Choose the EDIT menu and then TRANSFORM PERSPECTIVE.

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Photoshop Training Manual Drag the handles outward until you have line up the edges of the building. Follow the grid to line up the building against the straight lines.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ Swan

Open the image called Swan.jpg. Select the swan using the polygonal lasso tool Go to the EDIT menu and click on COPY Back on the EDIT menu and click on PASTE Select the MOVE tool and move the swan to a new position Resize the swan a little smaller Rotate the swan slightly.

Exercise ~ cygnets

Open the image called swan cygnets Select one of the cygnets and move across to the swan image â&#x20AC;&#x201C; resize and rotate as appropriate.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ Archie Open the two images grandad side and grandad flash If you take a picture head-on with a flash it will leave a ‘bright spot’ in the middle of the picture so take it from the side and practice using the DISTORT transform tool to move it.

Photoshop Training Manual

Exercise ~ lily

Open the image called Lily.jpg Pick up the MAGIC WAND tool from the toolbox. This tool works with selecting pixels with the same colour within a given tolerance. In this exercise set the tolerance to 10 and click on the black part. If the tolerance is higher the computer will select the green stem and any lower it will not select all the areas of black. Go to the SELECT menu and choose INVERSE. This will select the lily instead of the background. Open Hestercombe image and move across the lily and resize appropriately.

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 3 ~ Cropping The Crop Tool allows you to delete unwanted portions of an image. Please note that the Crop Tool only lets you crop rectangular selections.

How do I crop an image? Choose crop tool. View the original image, and select the Crop Tool from the toolbox.

Original Image

Select area to crop. Starting in any corner, click and drag the mouse over the portion of the image you want to keep. (The portions outside of the crop marks will become grey to help you see the exact area that will be cropped.) The crop marks can be resized using the handlebars along the “marching ants” marquee. The entire crop marquee can be moved around over the image by placing the cursor inside the crop marks. When the cursor changes to a black arrow, the entire marquee may be moved.

Photoshop Training Manual

Marked Image

Crop. After the marquee is the proper size and in the correct position, press Enter to crop the image.

Cropped Image

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise One

Open the image called 402 fruit. Use the crop tool to remove the large amount of black around the edge and also the copyright!!! Remember; press ENTER to complete the tool.

The crop tool can also be used to make a borderâ&#x20AC;Ś

Select the background colour that you would like to become a border around your image. I would like the border to be an exact shade of orange to match the orange. Therefore choose the background colour which opens the colour picker Select your eyedropper tool Click on the orange to select the colour and you will notice the selection in the colour picker will match that colour. Click ok Select the CROP tool and draw a selection around the whole image. Resize the window so that it is slightly larger than the image. Press Enter.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ using CROP to make a border Open the image called red-sea-anemone-fish.jpg

Select the CROP tool

Crop the image to select the area to keep.

Drag the grey window so it is larger than the image.

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Photoshop Training Manual Change the background colour with the eyedropper tool to be a similar colour to the image

Select the crop tool again and resize it to be larger than the image, press enter.

The border is now showing around the edge of the picture

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise three - Presentation Business Cards If you wish your image to be cropped to be a certain perspective, set the height and width with those dimensions and then those proportions will be kept. Open 715 money Select the CROP tool and type in the dimensions of a business card.

Using the RECTANGULAR MARQUEE TOOL, and FEATHERING of 20 pixels, Select an area just inside of the edges. From the IMAGE menu choose ADJUST LEVELS. Drag the black OUPUT SLIDER towards the lighter end of the scale to make a bright area to type into. Click on the T tool and type some text into the middle of the card. Go to the PRINT OPTIONS and check the size and print. Repeat with the other two images 715 graph and 715 water

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 4 ~ Cloning Stamp Tool The Cloning Stamp Tool does exactly what its name implies. Using this tool, you can copy a portion of an image and reapply it repeatedly to cover an unwanted portion of the image. The example below shows a telephone pole in the original image; the Clone Stamp Tool enabled us to cover the telephone pole with the surrounding grass, weeds and sky and create a new image that does not contain the telephone pole.

Original Image

Cloned Image

How do I use the cloning stamp? To use the cloning stamp: Select the Clone Stamp Tool from the toolbox. On the Options bar across the top of the screen, select the brush size and type of brush you want to use:

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Photoshop Training Manual (Click the arrow on the upper right corner of the brush palette to see a menu for extended brush options.) Move the cursor over the image to the area you would like to reproduce elsewhere. Hold down the Alt key and click to select the area to clone from. When you release the mouse, the brush will appear on the image in the shape of the brush selected. Crosshairs will appear over the area to be reproduced and move with the brush.

Click repeatedly or drag the mouse to reproduce the pattern. Tip: the Clone Stamp Tool is easier to use when you zoom in on the desired area. Also, work with small sections at a time in order to create a more realistic-looking image. If you wish to repeat the same item over and over, remove the tick from the ALIGNED option and this has the effect of always returning to the same starting point.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ Pear(remove) Open fruit.jpg Zoom in on the pear to where the blemish is and select the CLONE STAMP TOOL

Ensure you pre-select your brush correctly. You will need a large soft-edged brush. Select the area to COPY by pressing ALT and then clicking with your mouse. Move the brush and click with the mouse to paste over the blemish.

Exercise ~ Castle (add) Open 404 castle and add extra castles to the view.

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 5 ~ Resolution Resolution is the number of pixels or dots per inch (ppi/dpi). The higher the resolution, the more detail is stored for the graphic. This means that a higher resolution image is higher quality, but it also is larger.

Which resolution should I use?

The most common setting for computer monitors is 72 dpi; therefore, images intended for web-based or other on-screen projects should have a resolution of 72 dpi. This lower resolution will reduce file sizes and download times. The normal resolution for low-end printing is 150 dpi, and for high-end, professional, quality photographs the resolution should be 300 dpi or higher.

How do I change the resolution? To change the resolution of a graphic, pull down the Image menu and select Image Size. The following dialog box will appear:

Change the resolution in the Resolution box (in blue above). Keep these facts in mind: If you have a 72-dpi graphic and you change it to a higher resolution, you will not increase the quality of the graphic. The information was originally stored at 72 dpi, and the computer cannot “make up” more information to improve the graphic quality. If you have a 300-dpi graphic and you change it to a lower resolution (say, 72 dpi), you will decrease the quality of the graphic. This is because you will lose the extra pixels of information. If you need to reduce the resolution of a graphic, save the original, high-resolution image in case you need it in the future.

Photoshop Training Manual Exercise – Danny Boy

Open the image called “I’ll be here – high” and then open the image size box. Study the dimensions here:

1. The number of pixels are 2100 x 3000. That is there are 2100 little squares across the image and 3000 up the side. If these two dimensions were multiplied together you would have around 6 million pixels. This means that there are around 6 million pixels that form the image in total 2100 x 3000 = 6,300,000 = 6 M 2. The file size for this image is 18.1M So where did all the extra information come from to increase the file size this much? The answer is the colour. Each pixel holds information on the amount of Red, Green and Blue it contains, therefore the 6 million pixels has to be multiplied by 3 to get the file size. 6 million x 3 = 18 million or 18M 3. The resolution is high – a good quality image suitable for printing and displaying – 300 ppi or pixels per inch. Therefore it can be worked out that in to achieve a 10 inch tall image, we would need 3000 pixels in total. 300 x 10 = 3000 4. Open the image called “I’ll be here – med” and open up the image dimensions. Note here that the resolution has been decreased to 72ppi and as the number of pixels has been kept the same the image dimensions are therefore much larger. 3000 pixels high/72 ppi = 41.6 inches high © Sarah Mason

Photoshop Training Manual 5. Open the image called “I’ll be here – small” and open the image size dialogue box. This image looks identical to the others but if you look at the % view of the image you will see that we have zoomed in to 66% whereas the others were set to 16.7% view. When you study the image dialogue box you will see that the image is still 10 x 7 in size but it has a low resolution. Therefore, has a small number of pixels and is a low quality. In conclusion – the resolution will effect the quality of the image. 72ppi is suitable for emailing and web pictures and 300 ppi is suited for a top quality image to print out and frame. Resample Image Use this if your image has low ppi but is a very large image. You do not wish to restructure the pixels but keep them and squash them together. Interpolation This is where Photoshop invents more pixels to create a higher resolution image. It is not a particularly good quality however. Colour Depth “The number of distinct colours that can be represented by a piece of hardware or software. Colour depth is sometimes referred to as bit depth because it is directly related to the number of bits used for each pixel.” How many colours there are in an image, or how many a system can display is referred to as colour depth, pixel-depth, or bit depth. Older PCs are stuck with displays that show only 16 or 256 colours. However, almost all newer systems include a video card and a monitor that can display what's called 24-bit True Colour. It's called

Photoshop Training Manual true colour because these systems display 16 million colours, about the number the human eye can discern. Each byte on a computer is made up of 8 bits. Each byte can carry 8 separate channels of information which can be arranged in 256 different ways. Therefore if that byte of memory is relating to colour, it means that there are 256 separate shades of that colour. 0 = black 255 = white In a 24 bit pixel, there are 24 bits of information, 8 relating to red, 8 relating to blue and 8 relating to green. Mixed together there are a possible 16.7 million shades that can be made. This gives a colour an RGB reference of for example 225566 this would mean that there is combination 22 for the red channel, 55 for the green channel and 66 for the red channel. Saving As you are aware if you save in a jpg format, the image will be compressed and the image will lose quality. However if you save in Photoshop with the compression value set to high quality, the image will compress the file by noting down all examples of one colour and noting the quantity. The image still has all the information but is a smaller file for storage purposes. Once opened if you view the file size it will still show the large file. If you start saving the jpg with lower quality option, the compression software takes away colours of a similar shade and therefore quality is lost never to be regained. LOSSY!

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 6 ~ Type Tool The Type tool lets you add text to your image. You can format the text in many ways, including font, size, style, colour, alignment, horizontal or vertical orientation, kerning, leading, tracking, indenting, line spacing and more. You can even stretch and warp the shape of the text in varied and interesting ways.

How do I use the Type Tool?

To use the Type tool: Select the Type tool from the toolbox Set the desired Type options in the Options bar:

From the options bar, you can specify horizontal or vertical orientation font style, size, anti-aliasing, alignment, text colour and text warp options. To make other text and/or paragraph changes use the Character and Paragraph palettes, If those palettes are not showing click the palettes button on the options bar. The Character and Paragraph palettes will normally appear within the same window. The Character palette allows you to specify kerning, leading , tracking, baseline shift and vertical and horizontal expanding/contracting:

The Paragraph palette lets you specify text alignment, indentation paragraph spacing and hyphenation:

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Photoshop Training Manual

Click on the image roughly where you would like your text to appear (you can move it later). When the image is clicked when the Type tool is selected, Photoshop automatically adds a new text layer to the image: Type in the text. To accept the text pres the ENTER or RETURN key of click OK in the OPTIONS BAR. Press the ESC key or click CANCEL in the Options bar to cancel

An example: The image below has text superimposed on it:

Exercise ~ Winter

Open the image Winter Wonderland

called

300

Click on the T tool to add some text to the image Double click on the layer to open the Layer Style and some effects to the text.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ H20

Open image 710 sea. Select the Type tool and type in some text as shown. Adjust the writing to the correct size and shape by using the options bar and also the CHARACTER palette.

Apply a layer style to the text. The styles palette is a set of pre-defined properties which can be applied to a layer to give you a starting point for styling your text.

Double click on the layer to open the layer properties and you can see the properties that have been applied.

Double click on the BEVEL and EMBOSS option so you can adjust the lighting source on the text. We need to make sure that the light looks as though it is coming from behind and above.

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Photoshop Training Manual Copy the H20 layer by dragging the layer into the NEW LAYER option.

Click on the CTRL T on the new H20 layer and then click and drag the middle handle down so the image flips upside-down. Press ENTER to complete the move.

This will form the basis for a shadow but in order to work further with this layer, we must first RASTERIZE the layer.

Help reads: Some commands and tools – such as filter effects and painting tools are not available for type layers. You must rasterize the type prior to applying the command or using the tool. Rasterizing converts the type layer to a normal layer and makes its contents uneditable as text.

Use EDIT TRANSFORM DISTORT to cast the shape for the reflection

Remove the LAYER STYLE from the copy layer With the EYDROPPER tool pick up a dark shade of blue from the sea.

Hold down the CTRL key and click on the copy layer and all the letters will now be selected with the familiar

‘marching

ants’.

Photoshop Training Manual Use EDIT FILL, tick on the PRESERVE TRANSPARENCY option.

Blur the edges of the selection using FILTER GAUSSIAN BLUR

 Change the OPACITY of the layer

Simplify the main text layer (or RASTERIZE) and then select wave like selections from the bottom of the letters to make it look as though it was in the sea! Delete these selections.

Select the lower text using CTRL and click on the window in the layers palette Ensure the INTERSECT mode is selected and then draw a rectangle on the lower half of the text

Select the GRADIENT tool

Photoshop Training Manual From the OPTIONS bar choose Foreground to transparent|Darken Draw a gradient from bottom to top of the selection to darken slightly Repeat this with the top layer.

Finally distort the shadow layer by using a filter. CTRL and click on the shadow layer and then choose FILTER DISTORT WAVE

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 7 ~ Burn, Dodge and Sponge Tools

The Burn Tool darkens an area of an image

The Dodge Tool lightens an area of an image. The dodge tool will lighten the pixels dragged over according to the percentage chosen in the tool’s options bar. You can choose to lighten highlights, midtones, or shadows. Each must be worked on separately; the tool does not work on all three at once. To use the dodge tool, select it in the toolbox, choose your settings in the options bar, pick a brush from the pop-up palette, and drag in the image to lighten the chosen tones. This tool has an effect on click, but does not do any additional work until it’s moved (unless you click the airbrush button). However, repeated stroking over the same area does have a cumulative effect. If you choose Edit > Fade immediately after using this tool, you can change the opacity of the strokes you have just applied. A shortcut for changing brush sizes while using this tool is to press the left bracket [ to decrease brush size, and the right bracket ] to choose a larger brush. Shift-right-clicking on your document while using this tool will open its Range menu next to your cursor. The Sponge Tool, found in the same flyout menu as the Dodge Tool and the Burn

Tool, changes the level of saturation of colours for an area of an image. In the following example, we used the Burn Tool to darken the wall surrounding the doorway, and the Sponge Tool to saturate the colours of the gazebo. Original Image

Adjusted Image

Photoshop Training Manual How do I use the Burn, Dodge and Sponge Tools? Select the Burn, Dodge or Sponge Tool from the Toolbox.

The Options Bar selections (located across the top of the screen) will change based upon which tool you selected (Burn and Dodge have the same options):

On the Options Bar, select the brush size and type of brush you want to use from the Brush pull-down menu. (Click the arrow on the upper right corner of the brush palette to see a menu for additional brush options.)

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Photoshop Training Manual Also on the Options Bar, adjust the Exposure or Pressure percentage to between 10 and 15%. (The lower the percentage, the less drastic the effect, allowing you to maintain precise control over the amount of lightening, darkening, or saturating.)

If you are using the Burn or Dodge Tools, select either Shadows, Midtones, or Highlights from the Range pull-down menu on the Options Bar.

If you are using the Sponge Tool, select either Saturate or Desaturate from the Mode pull-down menu on the Options Bar.

Draw with the mouse to create the effect.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ Waterfall Open the image 312 dodge burn sponge and use the three tools to create a unique effect to the water, waterfall and bridge areas to start with

Exercise ~ Girl Open the image 313 burn and remove the light areas around the girl and lighten her face etc

Exercise ~ Circular gate

Lastly open Circular gate and saturate the red and darken the shadows on the gate.

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Photoshop Training Manual Retouching Portraits

Use the following tools to enhance the image: Dodge – lighten the teeth, whites of the eyes Smudge – blend in the cheek colour to cover up the dark shadows under the eyes Sponge – saturate the colour of the flowers, lips Sharpen – bring out the sharpness of the ear-ring Unsharp Mask – select the eyes and sharpen both eyes together Blur – blur in areas on the face that show freckles, blemishes, pores

Photoshop Training Manual

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 8 ~ Gradients

A gradient is a fill consisting of two or more colours blending together. Here is a simple example of a gradient, beginning with blue and ending with yellow:

How do I create a gradient?

To create a gradient: Click on the Gradient tool. The Gradient Tool is grouped together with the Paint Bucket Tool in the toolbox. If the Gradient Tool is not showing in the Toolbox, simply point to the Paint Bucket Tool, press down the mouse button and select the Gradient Tool from the fly-out menu:

Select your style options. When the tool is selected, the Gradient options appear on the Options Bar. The buttons represent various available gradient styles:

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Photoshop Training Manual Make your colour selections. When the tool is selected, the Gradient options appear on the Options Bar. The colour bar lets you choose the gradient colours:

Select the colours you want. Indicate which layer you want. In the Layers palette, select the layer on which you want to paint. Select an area to fill. Using the selection tools, select the area of the layer you want to fill. Draw the gradient. Point with the mouse to where you want the blending to begin (the “centre point”), then drag the mouse to where you want the blending to end (the “end point”). This line is referred to as the “selection line.” The area you selected in step 5 will fill with the gradient. The centre point is always the left-most colour on the colour bar, the end point is always the right-most colour on the colour bar, and the gradient is drawn in between.

What are gradient styles? When the Gradient tool is selected, a series of five style buttons appear on the Options Bar:

These buttons represent various gradient styles: Linear Radial Angular Reflected Diamond

Photoshop Training Manual What follows is a description of each style, with an example of each. To help you visualize how each gradient was created, the mouse action is superimposed on the gradient: The black triangle indicates the centre point the dashed line indicates the selection line the red triangle indicates the end point In each case, the mouse was dragged from the centre point along the selection line to the end point, then released. Remember, the left-most colour on the colour bar starts at the centre point, and the right-most colour on the colour bar begins at the end point. The gradient is flowed in between the two points.

The Linear Gradient option can create vertical, horizontal, and diagonal gradients: For vertical gradients, draw a horizontal selection line (that is, drag the mouse left to right or vice versa).

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Photoshop Training Manual For horizontal gradients, draw a vertical selection line (that is, drag the mouse up or down).

For diagonal gradients, draw a diagonal selection line (that is, drag the mouse diagonally).

The Radial Gradient option creates circular gradients. Start the mouse drag at the point where you want the centre of the gradient to be; release the mouse button where you want the outermost circle of the gradient to be.

The Angular Gradient option creates a circular sweep of blended colour. Think of it as a clock face with a sweep second hand that the gradient flows from as it goes around. Start the mouse drag where you want the centre of the “clock face” to be; drag the selection line as if you were drawing the starting point of the clock’s second hand. When the mouse is released, the second hand sweeps counterclockwise around the centre point and stops when it returns to where it began. The

Photoshop Training Manual sweep begins with the left-most colour on the colour bar, and ends up with the right-most colour.

The Reflected Gradient option works the same way as the Linear Gradient, but it creates a mirror image as well. In other words, when you create the selection line, the gradient flows out in both directions from the centre point, rather than just in the direction you drag the mouse.

The Diamond Gradient option works on the same principle as the Radial Gradient. Start the mouse drag at the point where you want the centre of the diamond shape to be; release the mouse button where you want one of the points of the outermost diamond to be.

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Photoshop Training Manual How do I select gradient colours?

Once the Gradient Tool is selected, the Gradient options appear on the Options Bar. The colour bar lets you set the gradient colours. If you click on the pull-down menu, you can select any of the displayed colour combinations. (If you hold your mouse over any of the choices, you will see a text description of it.) In the upper-left-hand corner is always the default combination: a gradient from the foreground colour to the background colour. By setting your foreground and background colours on the toolbox, you can easily define your own simple gradient.

The circle button with the black arrow (circled in red below) provides a fly-out menu with more gradient options. This menu lets you load more gradients, save modified gradients, gradients shapes, rename gradients, and reset the gradient selection to Photoshopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s defaults (among other things). The bottom grouping is a list of other gradient families that you can use if you wish.

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Photoshop Training Manual How do I edit gradient colours? If you want to make changes to one or more of the colours in your chosen gradient, you can click on it in the options bar to open the Gradient Editor dialog box. For example, clicking on this gradient:

will display this Gradient Editor dialog:

The Colour Stops appearing below the gradient mark each of the colours in the gradient. To change a colour, double-click on its Colour Stop; the Colour Picker will open, allowing you to select a new colour. (See the Colour Selection section for more details on the Colour Picker.) You can also add more Colour Stops by clicking between the existing Stops. To remove a colour, simply drag its Colour Stop away from the gradient.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercis - Use a gradient to enhance a photo Open the image called Lake District.jpg

Create layer

new

Pick up one orangey colour that blends in with the sky colours using the eyedropper tool. Draw a linear gradient on the sky area that graduates from foreground to transparent. From the layers palette select MULTIPLY from the blend modes. Adjust the Opacity as required.

Exercise â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Clevedon Sunset Open the image clevedonsunset and try the same routine. Use OVERLAY for the blending mode

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 9 ~ The Eraser Tool

The eraser tool shortcut is E. The standard eraser tool has four painting modes to choose from: paintbrush, airbrush, pencil, and block. These modes work just like their painting tool counterparts, except for the block tool, which as you can probably guess, is a simple square block. The difference is, instead of painting the foreground colour onto your document, the eraser tool paints in transparency... Unless your layer is a background, in which case, the eraser tool paints with the current background colour. The eraser tool options are basically the same as the painting tools, with the addition of one new option: Erase to history. When you erase to history, it works just like the history brush. Instead of painting in transparency or the background colour, you are painting from the active history state in the history palette. You can temporarily switch to Erase to History by holding the Alt/Option key down while the erase tool is active.

The Magic Eraser The Magic Eraser works just like the magic wand, but instead of making a selection, it immediately converts the pixels to transparent. It's also very similar to using the paint bucket in clear mode. The areas to be erased are controlled by adjusting the tolerance and contiguous options. Clicking once erases all the pixels that fall within the tolerance range. If the magic eraser is used on a background layer, the background is automatically promoted to a layer. This tool is best for when you have a background that is fairly solid in colour. It just takes one click with the magic eraser and your background is gone. In general, though, you'll need to experiment with the tolerance settings until you get better at being able to see the correct tolerance level.

The Background Eraser The background eraser also erases to transparency, but instead of using only the tolerance range, it continuously samples the background colours in your document as you erase. It's useful for backgrounds that have a range of colours in the background, but where the background colours are still distinct from the foreground object you want to isolate. It works best with a fairly large brush. To use it you would position the crosshair over the colour you want to be erased, and use a series of single clicks to eat away at the background, or slowly drag along the edges of the object you're trying to isolate.

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Photoshop Training Manual The most important thing to remember with this tool is to be very careful to keep the crosshairs away from the object you want to keep. When using this tool, you may notice some bits of the foreground object becoming slightly transparent along the edges. You needn't be terribly concerned with this, because you can always paint those bits back in using the Erase to History option or the History Brush. The background eraser is a great tool for quickly isolating an object, but it does have a tendency to leave stray translucent pixels in the background. You'll almost always want to drop a solid white background layer behind the object and do some cleanup after using this tool.

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 10 ~ Blur, Sharpen and Smudge Tools With the Blur Tool, you can soften portions of an image. This tool can cause areas of an image to appear as if they were out of focus.

The Sharpen Tool is the exact opposite of the Blur Tool. The Sharpen Tool lets you sharpen the edges in portions of an image.

The Smudge Tool is like the Blur Tool, but this tool will slide the colours of an image around and blend them together. In the following example, we used the Blur Tool to soften the branches of the tree and the Sharpen Tool to accent the rooftops. After the adjustments were made, the rooftops became the new focal point of this image, even though the tree is in the foreground. With the Smudge Tool, we distorted the roof support to show an example of how the Smudge Tool might be used.

Original Image

ÂŠ Sarah Mason

Adjusted Image

Photoshop Training Manual How do I use the Blur, Sharpen and Smudge Tools? Select the Blur, Sharpen, or Smudge Tool from the Toolbox:

On the Options Bar across the top of the screen, select the brush size and type of brush you want to use from the Brush pull-down menu. (Click the arrow on the upper right corner of the brush palette to see a menu for additional brush options.)

Also on the Options Bar, adjust the Pressure percentage to between 10-15% (The lower the percentage, the less drastic the effect, allowing you to maintain precise control over the amount of blurring, sharpening, or smudging.)

Draw with the mouse to create the effect.

The keyboard shortcut is R and you can toggle between the three tools using Shift+R.

Sharpen Tool

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Photoshop Training Manual The sharpen tool is not used very often as the Unsharp Mask filter is much better at overall sharpening. The sharpen tool is useful primarily for popping out highlights on shiny objects, or maybe to give an important object a little extra "pop" after you've resampled an image. Remember to use it sparingly, though! Sharpen Filters Sharpen Sharpen Edges Sharpen More Unsharp Mask

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Photoshop Training Manual Blur Tool The blur tool is useful for removing small facial blemishes and smoothing out wrinkles. It's easy to get a bit carried away with the blur tool when working on a face. Things will be looking great as you start, but if you overdo it, your image will begin to have an obvious retouched appearance if you're not careful. One way to avoid overdoing it is by using the lighten and darken blend modes with the blur tool. For instance, if you want to tone down freckles or diminish a pimple, you would use the blur tool in the lighten mode. In lighten mode, only darker pixels are blended and it will tone down freckles and blemishes without completely removing them. By the way, once you blur pixels with the blur tool, those pixels are permanently altered and you can't bring them back into focus again with the sharpen tool. Blur Filters Blur Blur More Gaussian Blur Motion Blur Radial Blur Smart Blur

Smudge Tool The smudge tool is grouped with the retouching tools, but it's actually used more often in painting. For retouching purposes is can be use to quickly rub out a minor blemish, touch up the shine on someone's lip stick, and so on. It can also be useful for blending out the jaggies that can sometimes occur when sizing up an image. This is another tool you want to be careful not to overdo and be sure to keep the pressure setting low. The smudge tool has a finger painting option that applies a dab of the foreground paint colour each time you click.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise ~ blemishes

Open the image called blemishes.jpg Use the blur tool to dull the spots and moles set to lighten Remove the wrinkles in the same way Use the blur tool to soften the skin overall set to normal Use the blur tool to remove some of the ‘jaggies’ where you can see that it is a low quality image Use the sharpen tool to enhance the eyes Use the dodge tool to brighten the whites of her eyes and also the teeth Use the smudge tool to enhance the cheekbone

Photoshop Training Manual Filter » Blur » Gaussian Blur

This is a more processor-intensive and accurate blur. This brings up a dialog where you can tell it how wide the blur is. The example here is 2 pixels. When using large values, things may average out to almost grey again, so don't forget that you can use Levels to bring back the detail.

Exercise – starry night

Create a new file. Go to File > New. Make it 300 X 200 pixels at 72 dpi on a transparent. Use the FILL BUCKET with black as your foreground colour to fill in the page with black.

Go to Filter > Noise > Add Noise. (When the dialog box appears, enter Amount at 35%, choose Gaussian & check Monochromatic, then hit OK.)

 Next, go to Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur. (When the dialog box appears, set the Radius to 0.5, then hit OK.)

Photoshop Training Manual

Now, go to Image > Adjustment > Threshold. (When the dialog box appears, drag the slider to the left to populate your sky with "Stars".)

Sample of "Star Matter" after Threshold adjustment.

Now, use (Ctrl + F) to repeat the Gaussian Blur Filter again to soften the stars.

Go to Filter > Render > Lens Flare. When the dialog box appears, just click OK,

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Photoshop Training Manual Should look similar to this:

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Photoshop Training Manual Filter » Blur » Motion Blur Motion Blur is given an angle and a spread, and blurs along that line.

Exercise – Beetle

Sharpen the hub caps Select the front part of the car with the quick mask (Q) and then press Q again to return to selection mode. From the Filter menu choose BLUR - MOTION Touch up the bonnet using Sharpen, Saturated sponge tools

Photoshop Training Manual

Exercise – Leopard Tortoise

Use the motion blur to add speed to the tortoise!

Filter » Blur » Radial Blur, Spin Mode Radial Blur gives you two modes, spin and blur. Spin mode is good for backgrounds on scenes that suggest spinning motion or vertigo.

Exercise – Cliff

Add a radial blur to the image. Select the focal point using a large feather and targeting the centre of the blur to be in the lower right hand corner.

Photoshop Training Manual Exercise – Spiral-down

Create a duplicate layer for this image and radial blur the whole of the copy and then erase the focal point.

Filter » Blur » Radial Blur, Zoom Mode Here we see Radial Blur in Zoom mode. This is good for fast forward motions, or to draw attention to a part of a picture.

Exercise – Kart

Use the RADIAL BLUR to add movement to this image. Select the middle of the kart using the Quick Mask but feather at around 150. Adjust the focus in the blur to be centred in the middle of the kart.

Photoshop Training Manual Exercise – Depth of field -410 cherub

Open the image called 410 – cherub. The shallow depth of field that is created when you select a small F-stop number, use a long lens or get in very close to your subject controls the way that a viewer sees you picture. The eye is naturally drawn to the sharpest part of the image and shallow depth of field restricts the sharpness in a photograph to often only a single subject. To recreate shallow depth of field more effectively there needs to be a gradual decrease in sharpness as you move in front of or behind the main point of focus. We need to use a series of overlapping selections that gradually move further away from the point of focus. Each selection is feathered to smooth the transition of the effect and then the selected area is blurred using the Gaussian Blur filter. Select the cherub in the foreground with a small feathering and then choose Select Inverse to select the reverse. Apply a small Gaussian Blur to this selection (1 pixel) Reduce the area that is selected by selecting the Contract option from the Select menu. (40 pixels) Feather the new selection by a greater amount (10 pixels) Apply a larger Gaussian selection (2 pixels)

blur

this

Contract again by 100 pixels Feather this selection by 30 pixels Blur to 3 pixels. Contract the selection by 100 pixels again and feather by 60 pixels. Apply the final Gaussian Blur by 4 pixels.

Photoshop Training Manual

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Photoshop Training Manual Diffusion technique

Open image bottle

the 401 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;

Duplicate the layer and apply a Gaussian blur. Use the eraser with a low opacity to sharpen some of the detail.

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Photoshop Training Manual Chapter 11 ~ Paint Tools In Photoshop, you can use the Paint Tools to draw freehand and to create your own images and graphics. Photoshopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s paint tools consist of the Pencil tool, the Paintbrush, the Airbrush, and the Paint Bucket. The Pencil tool draws lines with a sharp edge:

The Paintbrush also draws, but rather than having a sharp edge, the edge is softer and slightly transparent:

The Airbrush tool is similar to the Paintbrush, except that the edge is softer yet, and the entire line is transparent, rather than just the edges:

The Paint Bucket lets you colour in an entire area with just one click:

How do I use the Pencil Tool, Paint Brush, or Airbrush? To use the Pencil Tool, the Paint Brush, or the Airbrush: Click on the tool you want to use. Select any desired options from the Option Bar, including the brush size, shape and pattern you want to use when painting with the mouse. To select a new brush, pick it from the Brush pull-down menu on the Options Bar:

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Photoshop Training Manual The circle button with the black arrow (circled in red below) will provide a fly-out menu with more brush options. This menu lets you load more brushes, create brushes, save modified brushes, delete brushes, rename brushes, and reset brushes to Photoshop’s defaults (among other things). The bottom grouping is a list of other brush families that you can use if you wish.

To modify the characteristics of the currently selected brush, click on it in the Options Bar. A dialog box for brush modifications will appear. You can change the brush Diameter, Hardness and Spacing by using the slider bars; modify the brush tip’s Angle and Roundness by manipulating the circle and axis button.

(Note: The Options Bar also provides you with options to change appropriate brush characteristics such as opacity and brush pressure.)

In the Layers palette, select the layer on which you want to paint. Drag the mouse to draw.

Photoshop Training Manual Some examples These illustrations show examples of what you can create using the Painting Tools

The Pencil Tool The pencil tool allows you to apply paint that always has a hard edge. In Photoshop 6, the tool is shared with the Paintbrush and the shortcut key is B. Shift+B toggles between the Paintbrush and Pencil tool. Notice the brush palette when the pencil tool is active. All the brushes will have hard edges. Only the brush spacing can be changed while the pencil tool is active. The Paintbrush Tool This is probably the painting tool you will be using most often. The shortcut key is B. The Paintbrush tool applies colour to your document similar to the way a traditional paintbrush would apply paint on paper or canvas. Wet edges applies paint that acts more like watercolour paint or markers. When you paint with a soft brush, the paint is more translucent in the centre of the stroke and darker along the edges of the stroke. With a hard edge brush at 100% opacity, the paint still has some translucency, just as markers or watercolour paints would have. When Wet Edges is not active, a soft edge brush stroke at 100% opacity will be opaque toward the centre and fade out along the edges. A hard brush at 100%

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Photoshop Training Manual opacity will be completely opaque, but unlike the pencil tool, the edges will be smooth and not jaggie. You'll also notice a fade option in the options palette. If you have Photoshop 6, the fade options are located under a pop-out at the right edge of the options palette.

This pop-out is called the brush dynamics menu and is available for any tool that requires a brush selection In version 6, you can also fade the size and colour of brush strokes. Each "step" specified in the fade options is the equivalent of the brush tip, so don't be confused into thinking it is a pixel or other type of measurement. Hence, the fade-out rate is going to vary with the spacing of your brush.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise: Create a custom stamp  Open a new document 10cm x 10cm  With the paintbrush draw your name

 From the EDIT menu click on DEFINE BRUSH

 Give the BRUSH a name

 From the brush options, click on the drop down box and select the custom brush.  Sign your name on your artwork!!!!

Photoshop Training Manual

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Photoshop Training Manual This exercise uses the paintbrush special spacing feature to demonstrate how to create regular gaps between points.

Open a new transparent document 8 cm x 20 cm. You may have to use 72dpi in the training centre.

Fill in the selection with black using the fill

bucket tool

Set the diameter and spacing of the paintbrush tool and set the colour to white.

Click to draw your first dot and then hold the SHIFT key and click at the bottom. This will draw you a straight line of dots!

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Photoshop Training Manual Move across your images and place at regular intervals in the filmstrip. Expand the canvas size to allow for the spherize Flatten the layers

Use the DISTORT, SHEAR filter to create a wavy edge.

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Photoshop Training Manual Custom Brushes Custom brushes can really give you a great deal of design flexibility. Let's explore custom brushes by making our own set of sparkle brushes.

 Start with a new document with a transparent background. 200x200 pixels is fine.  Next go to the brushes palette menu and choose new brush.  Set your new brush to diameter 80, hardness 0, spacing 25, angle 45, roundness 10.  Your new brush will appear at the end of the brush palette.  Select new brush again and leave everything the same, but change the angle to 135.  Repeat, this time with a diameter of 60 and an angle of 90.  Repeat once more, this time leave everything the same except change the angle to 0.  Set the foreground colour to black.  Drag a selection marquee around the sparkle. Be sure to leave some extra space so you don't cut off the soft edges.  While the sparkle is selected, go to the edit menu and choose define brush.

Photoshop Training Manual How do I use the Paint Bucket? To use the Paint Bucket: 1) Click on the Paint Bucket tool. 2) Select any desired options from the Option Bar. 3) In the Layers palette, select the layer on which you want to paint. 4) Using the selection tools, select the part of the layer you want to fill. 5) Make sure that the foreground colour is set to the hue you want. (See the Colour Selection section for more information.) 6) Point with the mouse to the selected area, then click once. The selected area will fill with the foreground colour.

Exercise: Dolphins  Open the image called Dolphins  Copy the background layer  Using the FILL BUCKET fill in the picture in shades of blue for the sea and grey for the dolphins.  Add a filter effect – Plastic Wrap looks quite effective!

Photoshop Training Manual The Airbrush Tool The airbrush tool works more like a traditional airbrush or spray paint. Its shortcut key is J. The airbrush puts paint on a bit lighter than the paintbrush tool, but when you hold your mouse button down without moving the cursor, the paint builds up just like it would if you were to hold the nozzle down on a can of spraypaint. Fortunately, with digital spraypaint, we don't have to worry about it dripping down the front of our document if it gets too thick. :-) Instead of adjusting the opacity for the airbrush tool, you set the pressure. The higher the pressure is set, the thicker your paint will go on. The airbrush is especially useful for painting subtle shading and highlights. With a pressure sensitive tablet, you can really get exceptional control with the airbrush tool.

Exercise: Create a red ball Get Started.

1. File -> New and make your canvas 10cm x 10cm. 72 dpi is fine for the resolution.

2. Choose the Elliptical Marquee. Hold your shift key and drag out your circle to keep a ‘perfect’ circle

Photoshop Training Manual 3. Click the New Layer icon at the bottom of the layers palette to make a new layer. 4. Choose red in the colour picker and then choose the FILL BUCKET tool to fill your selection with your foreground colour.

5. Choose your AIRBRUSH tool in the toolbox b. Click on your Soft 100-pixel brush. 6. With black as your foreground colour, paint gently around the outside of your ball.

. 7. Make another new layer. With the same brush, and

the selection still active, do the two highlights, as shown here. For the underglow, have your brush positioned as mine is, so that the edging of the brush forms your highlight. This enables you to make it subtler and thicker toward the outside.

If you don't like the look of either the shading layer or the highlight layer at this point, just turn off the eye for that layer, make a new one, and do it again.

It does take a bit of practice to gain facility with the airbrush for this sort of work. Keep in mind that if it were easy, everyone would be doing it. Take your time though and work it over a few times till you like your result! Exercise: Have a go at the heart!!

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Photoshop Training Manual This tutorial will help you create something visually impressive – that really neat curled corner page that is rarely seen done well, but always nice when you do. More than that, you’ll be learning how to use and manipulate paths – a Photoshop Basic.

1. Open a new canvas, about 200 x 200 pixels, in Photoshop. Set your background colour to white, and foreground to a colour of your choice. 2. Create a new, transparent layer (Layer, New, Layer) and use the paint bucket to fill this layer with your foreground colour by clicking anywhere in the canvas. 3. Change your foreground colour to white. 4. Using the polygonal lasso tool, select a triangle in the lower right-hand corner of the canvas and fill this selection with white using the paint

bucket. 5. Grab the polygonal lasso tool again and draw a second triangle, extending into the colour of your canvas this time. This triangle will be the basis of your page curl.

6. Now we get to play with paths. By turning our selection into a path, we’ll be able to get a smooth set of curves out of the straight lines that would be quite impossible any other way. Of course, once you do this you’ll want to use paths all the time – all the more reason to make sure you can get to the paths palette

Photoshop Training Manual easily. If you don’t see the paths palette grouped with the Layers and Channels tabs, click “Window, Show, Paths”.

7. Now that we’re all set, click the Paths tab and immediately click the black arrow in the top right corner (in the image above, it’s the arrow above “Opacity”). From the menu that pops out, choose “Make Work Path”. Set the tolerance to 2.0 8. Next, you need to find your “Pen” tool and right-click it. From the menu that pops, select the “Add Anchor Point Pen”. Once you’ve grabbed it, click on any corner of your path and you should see squares appear in each corner.

9. Now for the fun stuff – we get to manipulate our path by clicking and dragging the anchor points. First, right-click your pen tool once more and choose the “Convert Point” tool. Simply choose your anchor point and drag it inwards.

10. Now we want to turn it back into a selection, so that we can make it look like a page, right? So click the upper right arrow next to your Paths palette again, this time choosing “Make Selection”. Leave all the options at their default and click OK. Your path should be turned into a normal selection – too easy.

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11. We’re nearly done already. To finish off, choose your gradient tool. Set your background colour to the colour of your page, and set your gradient to “reflected gradient”. Drag the gradient in a diagonal, ending with an image something like this:

12. If it doesn’t quite look right, just click “Edit, Undo” and try again. 13. To top everything off, let’s add a bit of a drop shadow so that the image has some real depth. With the selection made, click “Layer, New, Layer via Copy”. Then look at the bottom of your Layer Palette for the Flash-looking “f” that indicates your Layer Blending Options. Click “Drop Shadow” from the pop-up menu and apply the following settings:

14. And that’s it! You have a beautiful curledpage that can be used in a variety of ways.

The following tutorial shows how the quick mask may be used to help you to make a selection.

Photoshop Training Manual The Quick Mask icon located here on the tool bar or you can press Q on the keyboard

Set the default foreground/background colours by clicking on the small black and white squares icon to the lower left of the current foreground/background colours icon. This will make the foreground colour black and the background colour white. Set the Quick Mask mode by clicking on the Quick Mask icon With the Quick Mask on you can easily "paint" a mask which will be turned into a selection once you pop back into Standard Mode. Painting the mask is as simple as selecting the Paintbrush tool or the Pencil tool. Drawing with black will paint the mask on and drawing in white will remove the mask. This screen print shows an area where black has been applied with the Paintbrush tool (it's the semi-transparent red area).

Using this method you can quickly fill in large areas by using a large Paintbrush. To get into the detailed areas you should zoom in and paint with a smaller brush or pencil.

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Photoshop Training Manual If you wish to remove an area that you have accidentally masked, switch the foreground and background colours around and start painting with the white which has the opposite effect. When you're done painting your mask you can return to Standard Mode. Choose Select, Inverse and then the subject, Zoë will be selected instead. Choosing Edit, Copy will move Zoë to the clipboard and then paste her back into another image.

To the set the masking options, double click on the quick mask mode button. Once you have double clicked on the quick mask button, the quick mask options box will open.

Photoshop Training Manual You can choose whether the colour will become the masked area or the selected area. Changing the colour of the mask is optional. But you want to make sure that whatever colour you change it to is not one that you normally work with.

The final item is the Opacity percentage. Set it to 100%. Once these changes have been made, click ok.

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Photoshop Training Manual Layer Masks A layer mask in Photoshop is applied to an individual layer, and is visible in the layers palette as an thumbnail which is linked to the layer's own thumbnail. When a layer mask is thus applied, it's function is to tell the Photoshop application how much of that layer will be visible. If the layer mask does not define an area as being visible, then it becomes transparent. As you see the mask thumbnail to the right of the layer thumbnail, you will notice that it is pure white, pure black, or a combination of the two. Pure White = That portion of the layer is 100% Visible Pure Black = That portion is 100% invisible. Sometimes you may make portions of the mask a degree of grey. This means that it is not entirely visible or transparent. In this case the grey areas simply have a decreased opacity in that specific location, just like lowering the overall opacity, but now it is limited to that area. Layer Masks are accessible in Layers/ Add Layer Mask/ Reveal All or Layers/ Add Layer Mask/ Hide All. Choosing "Reveal All" creates a white layer mask, and thus it reveals everything. Choosing "Hide All" creates a black layer mask, and thus hides everything by making it transparent. You may also apply a mask faster by clicking on the Layer Mask icon in the bottom of the Layers Palette. Simply clicking on it creates a mask that reveals all. Option/Alt - clicking creates a black mask that hides all. (option for Macs, Alt for PC's). if you have been using one of the selection tools, and a portion of the layer you are on is selected, as you create a layer mask the portion selected will be white on the mask (reveal all), and the portion not selected will be black (hide all). You can actually paint black and white onto the layer mask (make sure it is the mask itself you are painting on), and it will act as though you are "erasing" and "painting" the layer off and on. Make sure your brush mode is set to "normal." You may paint with soft-edge brushes, and lowered opacity brushes; doing so will allow you to "feather-in" the edges and the layer itself.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise One: The Basic Fade First, let's look at creating a basic fade effect that will result in an image like this:

Open your original photo in Photoshop. Duplicate the background layer as layer masks will not work on the actual padlocked background

Create a layer mask by selecting the tool from the layers palette. This will add a layer mask, which you can see as a linked rectangle next to the picture.

Hide the locked background layer by de-selecting the ‘eye’

Photoshop Training Manual A layer mask is essentially a black and white "image." You can paint on the layer mask in white, black, and any shade of grey. White areas will allow the picture to show through; black areas will hide the picture. Select the Gradient Tool from the tools palette

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Photoshop Training Manual Set your foreground color to black and your background color to white. You may click on the foreground and background boxes in the tool palette and choose the colors. Or, if your foreground is already white and your background is black, click the arrow icon to switch them. Make sure that the gradient toolbar previews a blackto-white gradient, as shown below (the black-totransparent gradient will work as well).

Click once on the layer mask to make sure that you're "on" it, so that you don't accidentally paint your picture black! Then, click at the bottom of the picture, hold the mouse, and drag the mouse straight up. You can hold the shift key while you drag to "force" the cursor to move in a straight line. Move the cursor up to about where you want the fade to "end," and let go.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise Two: Gradient Masking Open the images called Keyboard.jpg and also clock.jpg

Move the keyboard image across to the clock image and note that a new layer has been created.

Select the keyboard layer and click on the add layer mask button This will create a new layer mask. A layer mask is transparent. When you paint black into the mask it allows the image underneath to show through. Where it is white, the underlying layer will be hidden.

Press the "G" key to select the gradient tool. Make sure the fore and backgrounds are set to black and white. Select linear gradient and foreground to background. Now drag the gradient diagonally across the image.

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Photoshop Training Manual You can see the gradient in the layer thumbnail and the result on the image. Where it is white, the top image shows and where it is darker the back shows through. Experiment with different angles. Tip: You may also use any of the brush tools on the mask. Black will "paint away" the image and white will "paint it back". Use a soft brush for best results.

For an interesting variation change the layer blending mode to multiply. This makes the top image appear as if it is a reflection in the glass on the clock.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise Three: Fading Images into One The idea of this exercise is that you can open four different images with a common theme and merge them seamlessly together. Open a new blank document with the dimensions of an A4 piece of paper Open the four images â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Big Pit 1, 2 3 & 4.

Move all the images onto the new image and place them appropriately with the two images with sky at the top and the other two at the bottom. Ensure they overlap. Create a layer mask for each of the different layers. With a soft-edged paintbrush set to a low opacity, gently brush away the straight edges to blend together Remember, black will rub out and white will bring back.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise Four: Clipping Paths A clipping path is a vector path which allows part of an image to show while hiding the rest (usually its background) effectively rendering part of the image transparent. A clipping path is a means to make parts of an image opaque and parts of an image transparent. Usually it is used to "knock out" the background. It is also a way of changing the rectangular-shaped boundary of a bitmap image into a shape of your choice. Clipping paths are made with the pen tool in Photoshop. The path itself is a vector object, while the image is a bitmap. 1. Below is a bird over a green background. Let's cut out the bird. Then we can give the bird a new background or simply place it over a plain white background. This image was chosen because the subject (the bird) is very smooth and curved making it an ideal candidate for the pen rather than the selection tools.

2. First we use the pen to draw the path. Click the Paths tab on the Layers Palette. Then click the "New Path" icon on the bottom. The default path name for the new path is "Path 1".

3. Draw the path with the pen. Try to place as few points as possible, adding points only when necessary.

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4. Below is a view of the path itself.

5. Hold the CTRL key down and click on the Layer mask option in the layers palette. 6. The background has now ‘disappeared’ and the bird can be moved into the jungle image. Note that the whole layer has been moved but only the section inside the clipping path can be seen.

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Photoshop Training Manual Start with a new document. The dimensions must be square. Make the size a few pixels larger than the width you want for the finished rainbow. I'm using 400x400 pixels. 2.) Make a new layer. 3.) Make a rectangular selection about twice as tall as you want your rainbow width to be. Make this selection just a few pixels away from the bottom edge of the document, but not touching the bottom edge (see screen shot).

4.) Select the gradient tool, and choose the Spectrum gradient. This are not quite the right rainbow colours and you can specify your own colours if you wish. 5.) Hold the Shift key down and click and drag from the bottom edge of the selection marquee to the top edge.

6.) Deselect 7.) Go to Filter > Distort > Polar Coordinates. Make sure "Rectangular to Polar" is selected. Click the - (minus) button in the filter dialog if you want to preview the effect. 8.) Click OK and your document should look like the example below.

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9.) Optional: Add a slight gaussian blur to the rainbow to soften the edges. 10.) Select the bottom half of the rainbow and delete. 11.) Deselect.

You know have a rainbow in its own layer

Open the image called seascape and move across the rainbow Adjust the opacity slider to soften the rainbow.

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise: 708 Fireworks The first step is to look at the channels palette and determine which colour channel best represents the area we want to capture. To the right, shown from top to bottom, you can see the red, blue, and green channels for this image. It's obvious that the red channel contains the most information for capturing the fireworks.

In the channel palette, click on the red channel and drag it down to the new channel button.

This creates a duplicate of the red channel as an red copy channel. This is a way of saving selections that can be loaded at any time.

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Photoshop Training Manual Click on RGB in the channel palettes to make all channels active and return to the colour view of your image. Next from the Selection menu, choose Load Selection. In the dialog box, choose Red Copy.

Here you can see the selection marquee surrounding the fireworks.

Promote your ‘background’ in the layers palette to a layer by double clicking on ‘background’.

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Photoshop Training Manual Next, invert the selection (Selection > Invert) and hit delete to remove the background.

Open Balloon.jpg and move over the firework selection. Resize and crop as necessary. Also you will need to rub out part of the fireworks using the eraser tool.

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Photoshop Training Manual What is colour balance? Photoshop allows you to change the levels of colours within an image. For example, the original image below has too much green tint to it; afterwards,

the green has been reduced and the colours are more true. Original Image

Colour Balanced Image

How do I adjust the colour balance? To adjust the colour balance of a photo: 1) Pull down the Layer menu. 2) Point to New Adjustment Layer. (This option will create a layer for your enhancements so the original image remains intact.) 3) Click on Colour Balance:

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4) Check the Preview check box. This option will show you your adjustments before you finalize them. 5) Adjust the colour levels using either the slider bars or by changing the numerical values. What are brightness and contrast? Photoshop allows you to adjust the brightness and contrast of your image. If an image is too light or too dark, you can use the brightness and contrast controls to improve the picture. Below is an example of an image before and after the brightness and contrast were adjusted:

Original Image

Enhanced Image

How do I adjust the brightness and contrast of my image? It is a simple task to adjust the brightness and contrast in a photograph: 1) Pull down the Layer menu. ÂŠ Sarah Mason

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Photoshop Training Manual 2) Point to New Adjustment Layer. (The New Adjustment Layer will create a layer for your enhancements so the original image remains intact.) 3) Click on Brightness/Contrast.

The Brightness/Contrast dialog box will appear:

4) Check the Preview check box. This will show you your adjustments before you finalize them. 5) Adjust the Brightness and Contrast levels using either the slider bars or by changing the numerical values.

What are hue and saturation? Hue is another name for colour. When an image’s hue is adjusted, the base colour of that image changes in correlation with the colour wheel. The image’s saturation refers to the intensity of its colours.

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Photoshop Training Manual Original age Enhanced Image How do I adjust the hue and saturation? It is a simple task to adjust the brightness and contrast in a photograph: 1) Pull down the Layer menu. 2) Point to New Adjustment Layer. (The New Adjustment Layer will create a layer for your enhancements so the original image remains intact.) 3) Click on Hue/Saturation.

The Hue/Saturation dialog box will appear:

4) Check the Preview check box. This will show you your adjustments before you finalize them. 5) Adjust the Hue, Saturation and Lightness levels using either the slider bars or by changing the numerical values. Exercise: Colour Using the four functions, adjust the image to a more satisfactory colour tone.  Colour balance  Hue and Saturation  Brightness and contrast  Levels

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Photoshop Training Manual With a little bit of imagination it’s easy to transform a simple snap into an action-packed image. Here we’ve taken a photo of a Mini Cooper as our starting point….

Cut out the car Select the Polygonal Lasso and click around the outline of the car. Take your time and get an accurate cut-out. When you’ve completed this go to SELECT FEATHER with a value of 1.

Add the car to the new background Open the image BACKGROUND.JPG from the hard drive. Click back onto the car image and with the selection still active and surrounded with marching ants, use the MOVE tool to click and drag the Mini into the new image. It’ll appear on a new layer. Close the original mini.

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Photoshop Training Manual Erase the windscreen We want the background to show through the windscreen in a convincing way. Select the ERASER tool with a soft-edged brush around 150 pixels in size and set the values in the Option bar to around 50% opacity. Now erase the windscreen. Leave some reflections and detail in there for realism.

Position the car Hit CTRL + T to select the FREE TRANSFORM. Hold down the SHIFT key and drag the corner handles inward to resize the car proportionally. Click inside the TRANSFORM marquee and drag the car to the corner of the image and then rotate it anti-clockwise by clicking and dragging just outside the bounding box.

Duplicate the car In the layers palette drag the mini layer onto the new layer icon to duplicate it. Do it again to create a third mini. Use TRANSFORM again to reposition the cars as shown. Rearrange the order of the layers so that the biggest Mini is at the top of the stack and smallest Mini is at the bottom.

Make a blue car Click onto the middle car layer. Go to IMAGE ADJUSTMENTS REPLACE COLOUR. Click the + eyedropper and while holding down the SHIFT key. Click onto the red paintwork of the car. Set the

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Photoshop Training Manual FUZZINESS slider to around 115 and then set the HUE to -128 and SAT to –52. This will create a rich blue colour.

Make a green car Now click onto the bottom Mini Layer and go to IMAGE ADJUSTMENTS REPLACE COLOUR as before. This time set the HUE TO +119 and the SATURATION to –47 which will give you a rather funky looking green colour.

Add Blur On the top layer go to FILTER BLUR RADIAL BLUR and with ZOOM selected enter a setting of around 30. Make sure QUALITY is set to GOOD. Click and drag in the BLUR CENTRE window to alter the origin of the zoom and then OK the effect. Go to EDIT FADE and enter a value of 50. Repeat this setup for each of the car layers.

Turn on the headlights Open up the file FLARE.PSD from the G DRIVE. Simply drag the flare picture onto your main image. Because the flare is set to SCREEN MODE it creates a nice lighting effect. You can duplicate, scale and reposition the fare picture exactly as you did with the cars.

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Light it up Position the flare images over the top of the car headlights to create some atmospheric lighting effects. Vary the size and angle of the flares to really bring the image to life. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll end up with lots of layers but it is worth it.

Final Step Go to FLATTEN IMAGE to reduce your image to one layer and be sure to save your masterpiece. Applying 3% of the ADD NOISE filter can help add an even texture across the picture which brings the different elements together. Print!

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Photoshop Training Manual Open the cdlabel.psd.

document

called

Create a new layer and add a gradient. Select the GROUP WITH PREVIOUS option ensuring the layers are as shown opposite/

The NO HUB MASK layer is set to 50% opacity so the gradient will show as a feint background image.

Experiment with using different background pictures.

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Photoshop Training Manual Add the text and complete the CD label. Save as a jpg image with small file size.

Open Word and go to the TOOL, ENVELOPES AND LABELS option.

Select OPTIONS

Select NEW LABEL

Type in the dimensions as shown here

Click OK, OK again and then NEW DOCUMENT.

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Insert the picture from file. INSERT, PICTURE, FROM FILE. Select the TEXT WRAPPING tool from the PICTURE TOOLBAR and choose TIGHT. (This allows you to manipulate the image around the template more easily.)

Print to check positioning and adjust accordingly and then print to CD labels.

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Photoshop Training Manual The back sleeve needs to be 15cm wide and 11.7 cm high. It also needs to have a strip 0.6cm wide each side to allow for the spine.

The front of the CD case label needs to be 12cm square. Design the front cover using pictures of your choice and print.

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Photoshop Training Manual Jaguar

Trying to find our chosen subject in an ideal location is often impossible - more often than not we find objects in the way and reflections that can spoil the image. However, using some of Photoshop's tools we can transform the original image completely.

Our image of the Jaguar cars were taken on a garage forecourt from slightly different angles, with an aim to combine both images giving a glossy brochure effect.

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With our Jaguar car opened in Photoshop choose the polygonal lasso from the toolbox and carefully click around the edge of our car.

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Using the zoom tool we can magnify our image which will ensure we achieve an accurate selection. Once we have finished our selection, the familiar marching ants appear.

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From the Select menu choose Feather and enter a Radius of between 2-3 and click OK.

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Working on the background image we need to subdue some of the reflections so choose the Freehand Lasso and draw around the area of reflections.

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Once our selection is completed try using the shortcut CTRL C to copy and Ctrl J which will paste our selection in as a new layer

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Right mouse clicking on our new layer will open the Layers Properties box where we can rename our layer 'blur'.

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From the filter menu we select Blur > Gaussian blur and select a radius of approximately 3 pixels which will make the reflection less distracting. To enable us to see the profile of the bodywork clearly on our Blur layer change the blend mode to Lighten on the Layers palette.

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To remove any further distractions we can create a new empty layer above our Blur layer, by clicking on the Create a new Layer icon.

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Select the clone tool making sure that the Use All Layers box has been ticked in the Options Bar - this will enable us to clone onto our new layer.

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Call up our second car and using the Move Tool, drag it into our main image The Car is then copied in as a new layer.

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Using the Transform tool Edit > Free Transform adjustments can be made to

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Photoshop Training Manual the position and scale of the car using the grab handles. Tip - To keep the size in proportion, hold down Shift on the keyboard whilst dragging the handles.

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To darken the windows of the car we first need to create another new empty layer by clicking on the Create a new Layer icon.

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Working on our new layer we call up the polygonal lasso and select around the area of our windows. Tip- make sure you have ticked the 'add to selection' box in the option bar or hold down the shift key - this will enable us to select all the windows.

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Using the Eyedropper from the tool box select the dark grey colour from around the window area. With the Paint Bucket tool selected we can fill our selection. At this stage our windows are a solid colour but by selecting Overlay from the layers blend mode the windows become tinted.

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Now to give our image that glossy brochure effect. Using the Eyedropper select the darkest shade of red from the image. Create a new empty layer and using the Paint bucket fill the layer with our selected colour. From the Blend Mode menu choose Overlay and our image will now show through our 'colour' layer giving us that glossy look. Areas around the lights and wheels can be restored using the eraser tool.

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To further enhance our image and increase the shiny effect click on the Layer Adjustment icon on the bottom of the layer's palette and select Curves.

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We need to make sure that the black is at the top of the palette, this can be done by clicking on the two arrows on the bottom bar. Our figure in the top area should be input 75% and output 80%. In the lower area both the input and output should be 25% - this is also known as 'adjusting the half tones' and makes quite a difference to our image.

Jaguar

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Photoshop Training Manual Exercise One - CREATE A GREETING CARD Say Happy New Year in your own special way! Using you can make a unique greeting for your family, friends, and professional associates. This tutorial shows you how to create the background for your card, and how to add text and a photograph.

Create a new document. Choose File > New. In the New dialog box, create a new document that is an appropriate size for a card. We used the typical Japanese postcard size, 100 mm wide, 148 mm high, with a resolution of 300 pixels per inch. Enter a name and click OK.

Create the background.

Use the painting tools to create your background. We created our background by using the gradient tool and the paintbrush. Select a colour for the foreground and white for the background. Drag down in your document with the gradient tool.

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Photoshop Training Manual Create the fuzzy snowflakes.

In the Swatches palette, choose white for the foreground colour. Choose Layer > New >Layer, change the layer opacity to 50%, and click OK. Select the brush tool. In the brush picker in the option bar, choose a soft edge brush between 100 to 300 pixels. Click everywhere you want snow flakes to appear.

Add a custom shape Select the custom shape tool in the toolbar. In the options bar, open the shape picker and then choose a character. We choose the sheep character (character 8). Draw the shape in your document. Select Shape 1 in the Layers palette and adjust the opacity for the effect you want.

Add your greeting text

Select a new foreground colour then select the vertical or horizontal type tool and type your text. In the options bar, set the weight and size of your text.

ÂŠ Sarah Mason

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Photoshop Training Manual Add a photo Open the Photo you want to use then drag it from the layers palette to your card. Choose Image > Transform > Free Transform and then resize or rotate the image as necessary. Use the move tool to move the photo to the correct location in your card.

Soften the edges of the photo.

Select the eraser tool and choose a soft-edge brush from the brush picker in the option bar. Drag it around the image to soften the edges and help the image blend in with the background.

Save your greeting card You can save your card to print it, or to email it or post it to your Web site. To save for print, choose File > Save and print according to your printer instructions. If you want a different format, choose File > Save As. To send as an email attachment, choose File > Attach to E-Mail. In the Attach to E-Mail dialog box, click Auto Convert. Photoshop Elements converts your card to JPEG format and launches your default email program, with your card already attached.

ÂŠ Sarah Mason

132

Photoshop Training Manual

ÂŠ Sarah Mason

133