GROUP B: Sara Kliczka, Nosadeba Aghahowa, Olegario Zertuche Yudiche,
NEW URBANISM IS NOT A WAY TO PLAN OUR TOWNS… … because it is more about substance, not only an image CONTENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
History Seaside town: as an example Façade of nostalgic imagery Lacking macro viewpoint New suburbanism? New suburbanism? Not considering the coming future Bibliography
HISTORY prior to rise of the automobile
● Ancient settlements religious, political, military imperatives shape urban development
● Industrial city focused on the city centre with its business distract and factories with working class districts
● Organic growth from village to a town
● Large manufacturing zones outside of major cities
● Colonial and military new cities planned on a grid for it’s simplicity in governance
● Changes in population Eg. Chicago 4.000 to 2,185,000 (1840-1910)
● Radial street networks, boulevards ● 1800’s shift – market will determine the pattern of urban growth
>1850
● Crowding, pollution, disease in the city produced desire to escape ● Rapid transit lines
1850 - 1910
● Suburban areas
Traditional Neighborhood Development Transit-Oriented Development
SHOPS AT THE EDGE OF EVERY NEIGHBOURHOOD ● An inner zone, coextensive with the boundaries of the old industrial city4
New Urbanism
AN AVERAGE OF 5min FROM THE CENTRE Smart Growth Vernacular
34
8
● modernist mass city planning (Le Corbusier + urban planning in communist countries)
1920s
DISCERNIBLE CENTER
New Classical Postmodern
> Present
NARROW STREETS FAVOURING WALKING, CYCLIG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLOSE BY PARKING IS RELEGATED TO THE REAR OF BUILDINGS STREET VISTAS OR IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER
SEASIDE
FLORIDA
1981 on eighty acres (324,000 m²)
● Reproduction of 50, 100 year old buildings arranged in the forms of traditional towns ● Streets are designed in a radiating street pattern with pedestrian alleys and open spaces located throughout the town ● By turning to the past Seaside’s utopia of community life is not addressing dilemmas of today 7 ● Resort community with little employment opportunity
Film shot from The Truman’s Show by Peter Weir
When searching for a locale to shoot The Truman Show, director Peter Weir chose the Seaside development in Florida because he believed the town “looked fake”. Goldberger
New Urbanism as a revision of older concepts: LEWIS MUMFORD 19TH CENTURY TOWN PLANING
EBENEZER HOWARD GARDEN CITY
Faรงade of nostalgic imagery
Survey Graphic Regional Planning Number (1925)
The evolution of the neighborhood unit concept (different scale). Source : Farr (2007)
Seaside, FL; Celebration, FL; Kentlands, MD: Mesa del Sol,
Lacking macro viewpoint
Finding new solutions in global context, instead of focusing on creating aesthetically pleasing designs of ‘urban islands’. Image by Sara Kliczka
A CoolClimate Map of New York City’s carbon footprint by zipcode tabulation area shows a pattern typical of large metropolitan areas: a small footprint (green) in the urban core but a large footprint (orange and red) in surrounding suburbs. 2
1● Suburban size (although NU promotes them as self-contained by saying that they are ‘urban’) 2● Too small to satisfy retail needs Involves commuting for commercial needs, leisure, employment) 3● They seem new only in contrast to mid and late 20th suburbs.
8x
4● there is little evidence those areas have increased community cohesion, sense of place, social mixing or reduced commuting.3 5● Mixed-use developments and parking in rear lanes in suburban residential areas have also been associated with increased levels of crime.
Hopes to be New achieved Suburbanism? Even architectural historian Vincent Scully, a passionate proponent of the New Urbanism says that ‘New Suburbanism might be a truer label’ 8
Image by Sara Kliczka
[?] Size of the land taken by a development
Hopes to be New achieved Suburbanism?
[?]
Considering the type of transport and trying to provide employment within a town
8x
[?]
Taking into consideration selfsufficiency and sustainability of materials
[?] Size of the land taken by nature, trees, trees for biomass, crops
Image by Sara Kliczka
Not considering the coming future
Transit
Ecological ways of transportation, regional planning and reducing private car commuting, which is also connected with problem of limited quantity of fossil fuels.
Biodiversity Finding a way of dealing with growing population and increasing number of ecosystems and animals in danger of extinction.
Climate
Resilience against natural disasters, greater safety and health. Considering climate change in the urban design
Sustainability Considering ecological solutions in terms of material choice and self sufficiency in energy.
Icons from Freepik
Bibliography 1. Marshall,
A., 2003. A Tale of Two Towns Tells a Lot about This Thing Called New Urbanism. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23287651
2. Hurley,
Kolson, A., 2016. The Future of Suburbia, according to MIT: Available at: www.architectmagazine.com/design/culture/the-future-ofsuburbia-according-to-mit_o [Accessed 05.11.17] 3. Davies, 4. Grant,
Wayne K.D. 2015. Theme Cities: Solutions for Urban Problems: Springer Netherlands
J., 2006. Planning the Good Community: New Urbanism in Theory and Practice: Routledge
5. Kates,
K., 2000. New Urbanism Meets Cinematic Fantasyland: Seaside, "The Truman Show", and New Utopias: Studies in Popular Culture Vol. 23, No. 2 (October 2000) 6. Ellis
C., History Of Cities And City Planning. Available at: http://www.art.net/~hopkins/Don/simcity/manual/history.html [Accessed 05.11.17]
7. Macy,
Ch., 1996. The Invention of Nostalgia for Everyday Life: A Critical Analysis of Seaside, Florida: Technical University of Nova Scotia: 84th ACSA annual meeting urban issues 8. Hirt,
S., Zahm, D., 2012. The Urban Wisdom of Jane Jacobs : Routledge